cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
All the President's Mandates: Compulsory Health Insurance is a Government Takeover

The most hazardous health reform measure before Congress is not the so-called "public option," but proposals to make health insurance compulsory via an individual or employer mandate.Compulsory health insurance could require nearly 100 million Americans to switch to a more expensive health plan and would therefore violate President Barack Obama's pledge to let people keep their current health insurance. In particular, the legislation before Congress could eliminate many or all health savings account plans. Making health insurance compulsory would also spark an unnecessary fight over abortion and would enable government to ration care to those with private health insurance.Obama adviser Larry Summers writes that mandates "are like public programs financed by benefit taxes," meaning that compulsory health insurance would also violate President Obama's promise not to increase taxes on the middle class. Under the House Democrats' legislation, some middle-income earners would face marginal tax rates over 50 percent (before state taxes).The experience in Massachusetts belies the claim that compulsory health insurance brings down health care costs. The "shared responsibility" ruse allows Massachusetts politicians to declare success for a compulsory health insurance scheme whose actual costs reveal it to be a failure. Massachusetts also demonstrates that compulsory health insurance enables, and ultimately requires, politicians and government bureaus to control nearly all aspects of health care and medical practice.Rather than make health insurance compulsory, Congress should make it more affordable by letting individuals control their earnings and choose their own health plan from any state in the Union.
Trends and perspectives in flexible and reconfigurable manufacturing systems

To better understand future needs in manufacturing and their enabling technologies, a survey of experts in manufacturing has been conducted. The survey instrument (i.e., questionnaire) tries to assess the experience to date with the use of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and to examine the potential roles and enabling technologies for reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS). The results show that two-thirds of respondents stated that FMSs are not living up to their full potential, and well over half reported purchasing FMS with excess capacity (which was eventually used) and excess features (which in many cases were not eventually used). They identified a variety of problems associated with FMS, including training, reconfigurability, reliability and maintenance, software and communications, and initial cost. However, despite these issues, nearly 75% of respondent expressed their desire to purchase additional, or expand existing FMSs. The experts agreed that RMS (which can provide exactly the capacity and functionality needed, exactly when needed) is a desirable next step in the evolution of production systems. The key enabling technologies for RMS were identified as modular machines, open-architecture controls, high-speed machining, and methods, training and education for the operation of manufacturing systems.
Magnetic-field dependence of the specific heat of YBa2Cu3O7.

Specific-heat measurements on ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ in magnetic fields to 7 T have shown the presence of Schottky anomalies with the field and temperature dependence expected for a fixed concentration of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ magnetic moments. The field-dependent part of the specific heat also includes a temperature-proportional contribution that is approximately proportional to field. These results are qualitatively different from those reported recently from another laboratory.
How does the oncogene astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) augment glioma progression?

Gliomas are common primary brain tumors in adults that are for the most part lethal. Recent studies suggest that gliomas can arise from adult neural stem cells or multipotential neural progenitor cells that exist in the subventricular and subgranular zone [1]. According to the WHO, gliomas are classified into four malignancy grades (I–IV) based on their histological features; among these, grade I and II are considered low-grade gliomas with better prognosis, while glioblastoma multiforme ([GBM], malignant glioma, grade IV) has the worst prognosis. Patients diagnosed with malignant glioma display a median survival of approximately 12–15 months even with multimodal therapeutic approaches including maximal tolerated surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy [2]. Gliomas exhibit a strong propensity to invade healthy brain tissue by migrating through the convoluted extracellular spaces of the brain parenchyma, and eventually develop tumors at distant locations. Due to this invasive nature of the human malignant glioma, it is difficult to define borders between normal brain tissue and the tumor, which leads to incomplete surgical excision of the tumors. As such, radiotherapy or chemotherapy following surgery as combination therapies are standard of care for malignant glioma management [2]. Malignant gliomas are highly heterogeneous both genetically and pathologically, which makes the selection of diagnostic markers or targeted therapies challenging. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) network has established three essential signaling pathways that are important for malignant glioma progression including RTK/RAS/PI3K, p53 and Rb pathways [3]. Additionally, several hallmark tumorigenesis features are relevant for glioma progression, including uncontrolled proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and chemo-radio resistance. Consequently, it is imperative to define and understand the Luni Emdad‡,1,2,3, Bin Hu1, Timothy P Kegelman1, Swadesh K Das1,2,3, Devanand Sarkar1,2,3 & Paul B Fisher*,‡,1,2,3 “The multifaceted role of AEG-1 on glioma progression implies that AEG-1 inhibition would be an appropriate end point to counter the pathogenesis of this dismal disease, particularly in conjunction with other current treatment modalities.”
The energy regulating upstream kinase complex LKB1/MO25/STRAD is a potential novel regulator of thin filament function (1081.3)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energetic regulator that is known to modify both metabolic and contractile function in the heart. Phosphorylation by an upstream kinase complex (LKB1/MO25/STRAD; LMS) is required for AMPK activation. Yet, the relationship between the LMS, AMPK activation, and myofilament function is unknown. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the upstream kinase complex can regulate myofilament function independently or in combination with AMPK. To do this, demembranated (skinned) rat cardiac trabeculae were incubated with either the LMS or with varying ratios of the LMS with AMPK and myofilament function was measured. Skinned rat trabeculae treated with the LMS alone were desensitized to Ca2+ and had lowered maximum tension. Adding increasing amounts of AMPK in combination with LMS reversed this effect increasing Ca2+-sensitivity of tension and maximum tension. We furthered hypothesized that the mechanism underlying this relationship is mediated through direct interaction ...
Multispectral infrared target detection: phenomenology and modeling

Many targets of interest provide only very small signature differences from the clutter background. The ability to detect these small difference targets should be improved by using data which is diverse in space, time, wavelength or some other observable. Target materials often differ from background materials in the variation of their reflectance or emittance with wavelength. A multispectral sensor is therefore considered as a means to improve detection of small signal targets. If this sensor operates in the thermal infrared, it will not need solar illumination and will be useful at night as well as during the day. An understanding of the phenomenology of the spectral properties of materials and an ability to model and simulate target and clutter signatures is needed to understand potential target detection performance from multispectral infrared sensor data. Spectral variations in material emittance are due to vibrational energy transitions in molecular bonds. The spectral emittances of many materials of interest have been measured. Examples are vegetation, soil, construction and road materials, and paints. A multispectral infrared signature model has been developed which includes target and background temperature and emissivity, sky, sun, cloud and background irradiance, multiple reflection effects, path radiance, and atmospheric attenuation. This model can be used to predict multispectral infrared signatures for small signal targets.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
FoxM1 dances with mitosis.

The mammalian Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) protein, known for its function as a transcriptional regulator of G1/S progression, is also crucial for the G2/M transition. Some of its target genes are cyclin B, Cdc25B phosphatase, Aurora B kinase and Polo-like kinase. Furthermore, identification of the nuclear protein CENP-F as a transcriptional target of FoxM1 reveals how it can also regulate the spindle assembly checkpoint, thereby ensuring proper chromosome stability and segregation during mitosis.
Coupling-constant relations for 1 ± and induced 0 ± mesons

A simple model of interactions between vector (pseudovector) and scalar (pseudoscalar) mesons is solved exactly. This allows one to derive the relation |f|2=|G|2/mV2(Z1−1), whereG andf are the coupling constant of the vector and scalar mesons to an external nucleon current, andZ1 is the nucleon current renormalization constant.Z1 (π) is determined using theSU6 prediction, −GA/GV=5/3, and the experimental value, −GA/GV=1.18. The coupling constant of aT=1,Y=0 axial vector to the nucleon axial vector current is found to be given by\(G_{\tilde \rho \mathcal{N}\mathcal{N}}^2 /4\pi = 0.03\left( {m_{\tilde \rho }^2 /m_\pi ^2 } \right)\). In addition, the model is discussed in the framework of brokenSU3 and used to derive relations between the renormalized coupling constants, masses, and currents of different strangeness.
Teenagers, contraception, and pregnancy.

The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania started a family planning counseling program for teenage nulliparae in a nearby public high school in 1973-1974. Educational informal counseling and discussion sessions were held in the school on a weekly basis by a social worker family planning nurse family planning counselor and male outreach worker. Following the classes almost half the girls attended the hospitals Teen Clinic for physical examination and contraceptive supplies. Parental permission was not necessary for attendance at the classes or at the hospital clinic. A second program was started at another school in the year 1974-1975. The goal of the program was to offer family planning information in the early teen years and prevent unwanted pregnancy.
Synthesis of photoaffinity analogs of progesterone

A photoaffinity analog of progesterone, 11 alpha-diazoacetate progesterone, has been synthesized by a two step procedure. This has been made possible by a single reaction combining both esterification and diazotization. Numerous diazoacetate analogs of progesterone can be synthesized using these simple reaction conditions. Radioactive analogs can be produced that transfer the isotope covalently to the site of protein modification upon photolysis.
A Study of Methyl β-Xylobioside: An Illustrative Example of Two-Dimensional NMR Methods

Abstract A combination of two-dimensional NMR techniques has been applied to unambiguously assign the 1H and 13C spectra of methyl 4-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-β-d-xylopyranoside.
Habitat selection and territorial defense behaviors in juvenile cortez angelfish, Pomacanthus zonipectus (gill)

Scuba diving observations in the Gulf of California (Mexico) on juvenile Cortez angelfishes, Pomacanthus zonipectus (Gill), indicate that these fish select and defend territories centered about a rock crevice. By day, they make brief feeding excursions, venturing even over open sandy areas near the rocks. They are substrate feeders, and will remove ectoparasites from other fishes, even attempting to ‘clean’ human divers. At night they remain in their rock crevices. Laboratory experiments, conducted to quantify habitat-selection and territorial-defense behaviors in juvenile P. zonipectus, revealed that they spend 75% of their time during the day near rocks and 25% over sand in a divided experimental tank. The frequency of attacks on a mirror image increased as the mirror was moved closer to the rock crevice which was the territorial focus.
A generalization of Muirhead's theorem

Abstract For a finite group G of linear transformations of a real vector space V it is proved that the set of points where for every linear function ξ on V the function z ↦ ∑ g ∈ G exp [ ξ ( gz )] does not exceed its value at x ∈ V coincides with the convex hull of the G- orbit of x . A few inequalities are derived from this result.
Chemical Releasers of Social Behaviour - VI. The Relation of Structure to Activity of Ketones as Releasers of Alarm for Iridomyrmex pruinosus (Roger)

Abstract 2-Heptanone, the alarm pheromone produced by Iridomyrmex pruinosus, is a powerful attractant for workers of this dolichoderine species. I. pruinosus also appears to employ this alarm pheromone for defense. The possible origin of alarm pheromones from defensive secretions is discussed. The abilities of 49 ketones to produce typical alarm behaviour in I. pruinosus were determined in order to establish the relationship between chemical structure and alarm-releasing activity. Ketones in the range C3 to C13 were tested on both laboratory and strong field colonies. In the series of 2-alkanones, activity was present in the C5 to C10 ketones, the most pronounced activity occurring in the range C6 to C9. The corresponding cycloalkanones showed no activity. In general, movement of the carbonyl group toward the centre of the hydrocarbon chain caused at least a slight diminution in activity. The introduction of a second carbonyl group either had no effect or produced a slight drop in the ability of the compound to release alarm. Unsaturation in the aliphatic chain either slightly increased or did not alter the activity of the synthetic pheromones. Branched methyl groups produced compounds which were generally less active than their unbranched isomeric counterparts, although this relationship was not absolute, especially in the C7 to C9 ketones. Activity was also present in some phenyl alkyl ketones, which suggests that the aromatic ring can correspond to an aliphatic portion of an alkanone. These results are discussed in terms of the absolute structural requirements of a maximally active alarm pheromone for I. pruinosus. The data demonstrate that alarm releasers, in common with other types of pheromones, require a degree of structural specificity in order to manifest maximum activity.
Cytotoxicity of halogenated alkanes in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes from normal, partial hepatectomized, and preneoplastic/neoplastic liver.

Abstract Six halogenated hydrocarbons, chloroform, 1,2-dibromoethane (1,2-DBE), 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCE), 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE), and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCE), were evaluated for their cytotoxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes isolated from normal, partially hepatectomized, and preneoplastic/neoplastic rat livers. Preneoplastic/neoplastic lesions of phenotypically altered foci and hepatocyte nodules were induced by either (1) initiation by diethylnitrosamine (DENA) followed by 2 weeks of 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in the diet and a single gavage dose of carbon tetrachloride 1 week after the start of the 2-AAF diet or (2) initiation by DENA followed by promotion with 500 ppm sodium phenobarbital in the drinking water for 24 weeks. The hepatocytes containing preneoplastic/neoplastic cells isolated from animals treated with either protocol, compared to hepatocytes isolated from normal liver, were resistant to the cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). None of the six halogenated alkanes exhibited any difference in their cytotoxicity toward hepatocytes isolated from normal liver or from liver containing preneoplastic/neoplastic lesions induced by either procedure. Hepatocytes isolated from partially hepatectomized animals were resistant to the cytotoxicity of AFB1 and chloroform but not to the cytotoxicity of 1,2-DBE or 1,2-DCE. The ranking of relative cytotoxicity in hepatocytes from untreated rats was 1,2-DBE > 1,2-DCE > 1,1,2-TCE > 1,1,1-TCE > chloroform > 1,1-DCE. Treatment with SKF-525A protected the hepatocytes from the cytotoxicity of AFB1 while increasing the cytotoxicity of all six halogenated alkanes. Treatment with diethyl maleate increased the cytotoxicity of AFB1 and all six halogenated alkanes. These observations suggest that preneoplastic/neoplastic rat hepatocytes are not resistant to the cytotoxicity of the six halogenated alkanes because their toxicity might be mediated by a cytochrome P-450 species which is not inhibited by SKF-525A and is not decreased in preneoplastic/neoplastic lesions.
Glycolytic and lipolytic effects of ovine FSH and estradiol-17β in the lizard Anolis carolinensis

Abstract The effects of estradiol-17β and FSH on the abdominal fat bodies, liver glycogen and lipid stores, and plasma glucose levels were investigated in vitellogenic and nonvitellogenic Anolis carolinensis . In vitellogenic (April) lizards, the administration of estradiol significantly reduced liver glycogen levels and both the weight and the lipid content of the fat bodies; liver weight and lipid content were not affected. Estradiol treatment had no effect upon the incorporation of 14 C from an injected glucose load into hepatic glycogen or lipid, but reduced the amount of label incorporated into fat body lipid. In non-vitellogenic lizards, both estradiol and FSH elicited similar responses in carbohydrate and lipid stores. Both hormones reduced liver glycogen and plasma glucose levels, but did not significantly affect abdominal fat body weights or liver lipid levels. Oviducal weights were increased in response to both hormones, but an increase in ovarian weight was observed only after FSH treatment.
Earnings management and nonroutine executive changes

Abstract This paper examines evidence of earnings management associated with nonroutine executive changes. The empirical evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that incoming executives manage accruals in a way that decreases earnings in the year of the executive change and increases earnings the following year. Further, incoming executives record large write-offs and special items the year of the management change. Contrary to expectation, departing executives record accruals and write-offs that decrease earnings during their last year of tenure. Several possible reasons for this result are suggested.
The effects of peptides on tolerance to the cataleptic and hypothermic effects of morphine in the rat.

Abstract The effects of melanotropin release inhibiting factor (MIF) and a cyclic analog, cycio (Leu-Gly) derived from MIF on the development of tolerance to the cataleptic and hypothermic effects of morphine in the rat were investigated. The rats were made tolerant to morphine by the subcutaneous implantation of four morphine pellets over a 3-day period. Each pellet contained 75 mg of morphine-free base. Following morphine pellet implantation, tolerance developed to the cataleptic and hypothermic effects of morphine. A dose of morphine (50 mg/kg) which produced hypothermia in placebo-pelleted rats, produced hyperthermia in morphine-pelleted rats. Administration of MIF and cycio (Leu-Gly) prior to and during morphine pellet implantation inhibited the development of tolerance to the cataleptic effect of morphine. Similarly the hyperthermic effect of morphine in morphine-tolerant rats was prevented by both the peptides. Previously, the present authors reported Ithat these peptides also inhibited tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine. It is concluded that tolerance to analgesic, cataleptic and hypothermic effects of morphine may share common features in its genesis.
Utility of the American Urological Association symptom index in the diagnosis of women with voiding dysfunction

The objective of the study was to determine the applicability of the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom index to the assessment and treatment of women with voiding dysfunction while investigating the specificity of the index to men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
The origin and function of calmodulin regulated Ca2+ pumps in plants

While Ca2+ signaling plays an important role in both plants and animals, the machinery that codes and decodes these signals have evolved to show interesting differences and similarities. For example, typical plant and animal cells both utilize calmodulin (CaM)-regulated Ca2+ pumps at the plasma membrane to help control cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. However, in flowering plants this family of pumps has evolved with a unique structural arrangement in which the regulatory domain is located at the N-terminal instead of C-terminal end. In addition, some of the plant isoforms have evolved to function at endomembrane locations. For the 14 Ca2+ pumps present in the model plant Arabidopsis, molecular genetic analyses are providing exciting insights into their function in diverse aspects of plant growth and development.
Causal Transient Simulation of Systems Characterized by Frequency-Domain Data in a Modified Nodal Analysis Framework

In this paper, an approach for the causal transient simulation of the sampled frequency-domain data in a modified nodal analysis (MNA) framework has been proposed. The causality of the transient results has been explicitly enforced from the port-to-port propagation delay, which has been extracted from the frequency data. Results demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed approach have been presented.
Spatial localization in heterogeneous systems

We study spatial localization in the generalized Swift-Hohenberg equation with either quadratic-cubic or cubic-quintic nonlinearity subject to spatially heterogeneous forcing. Different types of forcing (sinusoidal or Gaussian) with different spatial scales are considered and the corresponding localized snaking structures are computed. The results indicate that spatial heterogeneity exerts a significant influence on the location of spatially localized structures in both parameter space and physical space, and on their stability properties. The results are expected to assist in the interpretation of experiments on localized structures where departures from spatial homogeneity are generally unavoidable.
Encephalic photoreceptor involvement in the entrainment and control of circadian activity of young american alligators

Abstract Young American alligators, Alligator mississippensis , which have been previously shown to lack a pineal organ, possess functional encephalic extra-retinal photoreceptors. These receptors can effect the entrainment of circadian locomotor activity rhythms by light-dark cycles. They also mediate the effects of the intensity of constant illumination on circadian period length, as per the circadian rule for diurnally active animals. It is suggested that retinal and extra-retinal inputs may normally interact to determine overall entrainment and circadian organization.
BINDING PROTEINS AND MEMBRANE TRANSPORTfn1

The recent studies have clearly established two types of active transport systems. One type is membrane-bound and can be observed in membrane vesicles and the other type is osmotic-shock-sensitive and requires binding proteins to produce active transport. It appears that the membrane-bound systems derive cellular energy from the energy-rich membrane state which can be formed from respiration or ATP-hydrolysis, while the binding protein systems are more directly coupled to phosphate bond energy derived from glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation. The following conclusions concerning the role of the binding proteins are offered: 1. The binding proteins are present in relatively large amounts (approximately 10(-6) or 10%-5) M) and appear to reside in the periplasmic space. 2. They do not appear to be involved in solute translocation steps, although they cantain a second binding site that could interact with membrane components. 3. The binding proteins appear to increase the affinity of the transport system for the solute by interacting with a membrane component. This may substrate for the membrane transport system.
Differences in Assumptions about a Just World: Ethnicity and Point of View

Abstract This study assessed assumptions individuals make about their own personal worlds or the world in general and assessed whether these assumptions differ for members of a majority or a minority group. Undergraduate students at the University of North Carolina responded to one of two forms of the World Assumptions Scale and the Just World Scale. One form was the original, and in the other all third-person singular pronouns were changed to first-person singular pronouns. Analyses revealed effects for form and ethnicity. These individuals saw their personal worlds as less random, more just, and more benevolent than they saw the world in general. Minority persons saw the world, personal or general, as less benevolent and less lucky. Order of presentation affected scores on the World Assumptions Scale, raising concerns about the stability of scores for that scale.
Selective microvascular constrictor actions of some neurohypophyseal peptides.

Abstract The present experiments, using an image-splitting television microscope recording system, show for the first time that it is possible to obtain quantitative, complete dose—response relationships for the constrictor actions of a series of vasopressin and oxytocin hormone analogues on all major types of microscopic blood vessels, in situ, in the terminal vascular bed. The findings demonstrate that: (1) the structure—action relationships for neurohypophyseal peptide-induced contractions on microscopic blood vessels may vary with the particular type of muscular microvessel (i.e., arteriole, venule, metarteriole, precapillary sphincter); (2) although basicity in position 8 of the vasopressin hormones is probably important for hormone-receptor affinity on all mammalian somatic blood vessels, including those in the microcirculation, it is not important for intrinsic (contractile) activity; and (3) certain synthetic analogues of the neurohypophyseal peptide hormones exert selective microvascular constrictor actions . Thus, the present data show that some previously synthesized neurohypophyseal analogues exhibit relatively high hormone-receptor affinities (H-RA) for particular types of microvessels while exhibiting very low H-RA for other types of microscopic blood vessels. It is suggested that a heterogeneity of the vasopressin receptor, in mammalian vascular smooth muscle cells, of different types of blood vessels may exist.
ANATOMIC ATLAS FOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE MESATICEPHALIC DOG: CAUDAL ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

The purpose of this study was to produce a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the dog for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. Whole-body CT images of two mature beagle dogs were made with the dogs supported in sternal recumbency and using a slice thickness of 13 mm. At the end of the CT session, each dog was euthanized, and while carefully maintaining the same position, the body was frozen. The body was then sectioned at 13-mm intervals, with the cuts matched as closely as possible to the CT slices. The frozen sections were cleaned, photographed, and radiographed using xeroradiography. Each CT image was studied and compared with its corresponding xeroradiograph and anatomic section to assist in the accurate identification of specific structures. Clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled in the three corresponding photographs (CT image, xeroradiograph, and anatomic section). In previous papers, the head and neck, and the thorax and cranial abdomen of the mesaticephalic (beagle) dog were presented. In this paper, the caudal part of the abdomen and pelvis of the bitch and male dog are presented.
Continuum electrostatic model for the binding of cytochrome c2 to the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

Electrostatic interactions are important for protein−protein association. In this study, we examined the electrostatic interactions between two proteins, cytochrome c2 (cyt c2) and the reaction center (RC) from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, that function in intermolecular electron transfer in photosynthesis. Electrostatic contributions to the binding energy for the cyt c2−RC complex were calculated using continuum electrostatic methods based on the recent cocrystal structure [Axelrod, H. L., et al. (2002) J. Mol. Biol. 319, 501−515]. Calculated changes in binding energy due to mutations of charged interface residues agreed with experimental results for a protein dielectric constant ein of 10. However, the electrostatic contribution to the binding energy for the complex was close to zero due to unfavorable desolvation energies that compensate for the favorable Coulomb attraction. The electrostatic energy calculated as a function of displacement of the cyt c2 from the bound position ...
Metribuzin degradation in soil: II—effects of tillage

A 140-day laboratory incubation, using surface soil from a long-term soybean tillage study, evaluated tillage influence on [14C]metribuzin degradation. Higher plant residue conditions in no-tillage (NT) soil inhibited metribuzin mineralization to [14C]carbon dioxide as compared to metribuzin degradation patterns observed in conventional tillage (CT) soil. At 140 days, relative abundance of extractable 14C components in NT included polar metabolites > metribuzin = deaminated metribuzin (DA) = deaminated diketometribuzin (DADK), while in CT, components included metribuzin > polar metabolites > DADK≫DA. Conditions in NT apparently inhibited polar 14C degradation, and resulted in its accumulation, while in CT polar 14C degradation proceeded relatively rapidly. For both NT and CT, more 14 C was measured in an unextractable fraction than in any other fraction. A greater portion of the unextractable fraction in NT was associated with decomposed plant residue than in CT. Surface accumulation of crop residue, such as occurs under NT, provided a soil environment which altered metribuzin degradation patterns.
Cellulose furoate. I. Synthesis in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems

Cellulose furoate was synthesized via heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions. Cotton cellulose and wood cellulose were used. Lithium chloride/dimethylacetamide solvent was used to dissolve the cellulose for the homogeneous reaction. The esterification reaction between cellulose and 2-furoyl chloride was systematically studied. It revealed that the activation of cellulose was important for its esterification reaction. Activation by solvent exchange decreased the crystallinity and increased the accessibility of cellulose. X-ray diffraction analysis showed no significant change in the spectrogram after activation of cellulose. The degree of substitution of cellulose furoate was influenced by the molecular weight of the cellulose, the stoichiometry of the reagents, the acid scavenger, and the reaction time. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2649–2655, 2001
Retrospective dream components and musical preferences.

Summary Retrospective dream components endorsed on the KJP Dream Inventory were correlated with those on the Short Test of Musical Preference for 68 graduate students in counseling psychology (11 men). Among 40 correlations, 6 were significant between preferences for Heavy Metal and Dissociative avoidance dreams (.32), Dreaming that you are dreaming (.40), Dreaming that you have fallen unconscious or asleep (.41), Recurring pleasantness (.31), and Awakening abruptly from a dream (-.31); between preferences for Rap/Hip-Hop and Sexual dreams (.27); and between preferences for Jazz and Recurring pleasantness in dreams (.33). Subjects preferring Classical music reported a higher incidence of Dreams of flying (.33) and rated higher Discontentedness in dreams (-.26). The meaning of these low values awaits research based on personality inventories and full dream reports.
Further observations on flumethiazide. A new oral diuretic agent.

Abstract 1. 1. Flumethiazide (Ademol) is an orally effective saluretic agent of the sulfamyl benzothiazide group of chemical compounds. 2. 2. The main effect of flumethiazide is on sodium, chloride and water excretion. Significant effects on potassium excretion were not observed. 3. 3. Renal hemodynamics did not seem to be altered when doses not exceeding 2,000 mg. were given. 4. 4. The maximum effect of continuous daily administration is reached within the first two days, and this is followed by gradual return of natruresis to the control level within four to six days.
Circulating epoxide hydrolase immunodeterminants in rats bearing hyperplastic nodules induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene.

Abstract Epoxide hydrolase immunodeterminants (EH-immunodeterminants), as measured by a highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were detected in the sera of rats bearing hyperplastic liver nodules induced by feeding 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), while they were low or absent ( P 3 mm) had values ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 μg/ml serum and the serum levels for rats containing both small and large nodules were found to be in the intermediate range (0.2–0.8 μg/ml). EH-immunodeterminants were also released into tissue culture medium from incubated hyperplastic nodule slices and the levels of the immunodeterminants released from nodules were about 5-fold higher than that released from incubated control liver.
Cross section for the photodetachment of Be

The cross section for single-photon detachment of an electron from the metastable ${\mathrm{Be}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ion has been measured at a photon energy of 2.076 eV to be 31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 Mb. The method of laser photodetached electron spectroscopy was used in the measurement and the asymmetry parameter that characterizes the angular distribution of the detached photoelectrons was also measured to be \ensuremath{\beta}=0.49\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 at the same energy.
Coronary anatomy and prognosis of young, asymptomatic survivors of myocardial infarction

Abstract purpose: To assess the coronary anatomy and prognosis of young, asymptomatic survivors of myocardial infarction. patients and methods: The records of all 5,316 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization at Parkland Memorial Hospital from July 1978 to December 1992 were reviewed to identify those patients 40 years old and younger who were catheterized within 60 days of a first myocardial infarction. Of 129 such patients, 48 had no indication for catheterization other than age (group I), and 81 were catheterized for spontaneous or provocable ischemia (group II). Extent of coronary artery disease and long-term follow-up were examined to ascertain the utility of cardiac catheterization in the asymptomatic patients. results: The 2 groups were similar with respect to clinical variables. The asymptomatic survivors of infarction (group I) had fewer diseased coronary arteries than did those with post-infarction ischemia (group II) (1.0 ± 0.7) versus 1.5 ± 1.0 [mean ± SD] diseased coronary arteries, respectively; P = 0.002 and were less likely to have left-main or 3-vessel coronary artery disease (4% versus 20%, respectively; P = 0.027). Eighty-three percent of the group I patients had one diseased coronary artery, or less, and no patient underwent angioplasty or coronary bypass grafting on the basis of catheterization. After 71 ± 44 months of follow-up, only 5 (10%) had died of a coronary-related event. conclusions: Asymptomatic survivors of myocardial infarction who are 40 years of age or less rarely have left-main or 3-vessel coronary artery disease, and their long-term prognosis with conservative therapy is good. Routine catheterization in these patients is not warranted and should be reserved for those who manifest spontaneous or provocable post-infarction ischemia.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bola-Type Amphiphilic Dendritic Macromolecules

The synthesis of fourth-generation bola-type linear−dendritic macromolecules is described using a high yielding divergent method. These systems are composed of a non-immunogenic linear poly(ethylene glycol) core and dendritic wedges of succinic acid and glycerol connected by ester linkages in a triblock architecture. Three molecular weight PEGs (3400, 10 000, and 20 000 g/mol) were used in the synthesis of low, medium, and high molecular weight macromolecules. The molecular weight data were determined by MALDI−TOF and SEC. The macromolecules were further characterized by modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and critical aggregation concentration (CAC) as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Cell toxicity studies were performed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). These macromolecules are of interest for a variety of biomedical applications including the repair of ocular wounds.
Macrocycloadditions Leading to Conformationally Restricted Small Molecules

The Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition of alkynes and azides (click reaction) provides a robust method for the construction of macrocyclic small molecules via an intramolecular macrocycloaddition. A thr...
Cloning and characterization of a novel member of the human ATF/CREB family: ATF2 deletion, a potential regulator of the human DNA polymerase β promoter

Abstract The solitary cAMP response element (CRE) 1 in the human DNA polymerase β (β-pol) core promoter plays a key role in both basal expression and the DNA-alkylating agent response of the promoter. To further understand the role of the CRE in the regulation of this promoter, we searched for novel CRE-binding proteins by using a 32 P-labeled β-pol CRE oligodeoxynucleotide and a human cDNA expression library constructed in phage λ. A total of fourteen phage clones were isolated, corresponding to various members of the CRE-binding protein family. One of these clones, termed ATF2 deletion (ATF2d), encodes a novel ATF2 isoform and was chosen for further characterization in this study. Relative to ATF2 mRNA, this clone contains an internal 97-nt deletion and a unique 3′ region. The 97-nt deletion causes a frame shift, resulting in a ATF2-like polypeptide of ∼60 kDa. ATF2d retains the bZIP domain of ATF2, lacks the N-terminal zinc-finger region, and includes novel characteristics in its N- and C-terminal regions.
Controlled over-pressure sintering process of Bi2223 wires

Abstract We studied the influence of the high isostatic pressure and critical current density in Bi2223 long length wires. Heat treatments of Bi2223 wire were carried out using controlled over-pressure sintering process. The controlled over-pressure sintering process allows Bi2223 wires to have higher Ic by more than 30%, because the process increase the relative density up to almost 100% resulting in higher phase purity, higher grain alignment and better grain connectivity than those made with a conventional normal pressure sintering process. Densification of the Bi2223 wire prevents liquid nitrogen penetration during long term exposure to liquid nitrogen of it for use in power cable applications. The ballooning, which the trapped nitrogen expands and forms after Bi2223 wire was warmed to room temperature, does not occur in the controlled over-pressure sintering processed wire. These high performance levels in long length Bi2223 wires have enabled commercial level products and projects such as power cables, magnets and many others.
FLUCTUATION OF COSMIC-RAY ANISOTROPY AND THE DIMENSIONALITY OF PROPAGATION.

Cosmic ray anisotropy fluctuation and propagation function dimensionality relationship, demonstrating essentially one dimensional propagation
Specific Bone and Mineral Disorders in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Bone lesions, collectively known as renal osteodystrophy (ROD), are a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Besides osteitis fibrosa and mixed lesions, other bone and mineral disorders such as adynamic bone disease, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, dialysis-related amyloidosis, and calcific uremic arteriolopathy are increasingly recognized in patients with CKD. Although bone lesions usually begin early in the course of CKD and are progressive, symptoms and signs such as bone pain and fractures may not occur until the patient is already on maintenance dialysis. More importantly, these disorders are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with CKD. The term ROD does not reflect the full spectrum of bone pathology or clinical manifestations of bone and mineral disorders in patients with CKD. Accordingly, the National Kidney Foundation and, more recently the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, now consider ROD to represent only one measure of the skeletal component of the broader syndrome of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders in which abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism or extraskeletal calcification are observed. In this review, we will discuss, in detail, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders.
Fragrance material review on β-caryophyllene alcohol

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of beta-caryophyllene alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
File processing and the undergraduate computer science curriculum

In March of 1979, the Curriculum Committee on Computer Science (C3 S) of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) proposed recommendations for the undergraduate curriculum in computer science: “Curriculum '78.” “Curriculum '78” includes CS 5, “Introduction to File Processing,” as an undergraduate core requirement. Seven years after “Curriculum '78,” findings show that more than 70% of universities offering undergraduate degrees in computer science do not require a course similar to CS 5. The controversial role of CS 5 in the undergraduate computer science curriculum id discussed.
Laboratory Assessment of BTEX Soil Flushing

Soil cores from the unsaturated zone of a waste site contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) were flushed with water under conditions representative of those proposed for site remediation. With a laboratory column dispersivity of 1 cm, kinetic modeling of the breakthrough curves gave desorption rate constants of 0.01−0.1 h-1. Desorption studies in batch tests gave similar rates after accounting for differences in the solid-to-water ratios. The presence of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in one soil column was deduced from the flushing behavior of the xylenes, which showed increasing effluent concentration with increasing time. The amount of NAPL was estimated to be 5 mgNAPL/gsoil from the flushing of the most water-soluble constituent, benzene. This quantity of NAPL would increase the site's estimated flushing time by more than a factor of 5 over the case with only kinetically limited desorption of BTEX from soil particles.
Early reliability assessment by using deep censoring

Abstract A method is described for making direct characterizations of the early part of the intrinsic electromigration fail-time distribution of interconnects. The method involves stressing a large number of test lines only long enough for a relatively few lines to fail, enough to characterize the percentile of interest. Groups of test lines are electrically monitored to detect failures without having to measure individually the many lines on test. Two types of deep censoring (DC) are described: DC without removals (where more than one line failure in a group can be detected with confidence) and DC with removals (where, when one failure occurs, the other lines in the group are removed from the test). Sample estimates of sigma and of one or more early percentiles of the distribution are corrected for bias and their confidence limits calculated. DC offers important benefits over the present practice of placing tens of test lines on test to obtain sample estimates of t50 and σ that are used to extrapolate to the early part of the loge(fail-time) distribution. The benefits are reduced testing times, better confidence of the sample estimates of early percentages of the distribution, and the ability to detect extrinsic fail-time populations. A detailed procedure to implement the method is provided in the appendix.
Characterization of the discriminative stimulus effects of buprenorphine in pigeons.

Rationale: Buprenorphine is a low-efficacy mu opioid agonist that can reduce drug taking in opioid abusers; however, the mechanism by which buprenorphine modifies the actions of other drug taking and the consequences of repeated treatment with buprenorphine are not fully understood. Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the time- and dose-dependence of discriminative stimulus effects in pigeons receiving buprenorphine repeatedly and to examine possible interactions between buprenorphine and heroin. Methods: Six pigeons discriminated between vehicle and 0.178 mg/kg buprenorphine while responding under an FR schedule for food. Substitution and drug combination studies characterized the potency and time course for buprenorphine, as well as interactions between buprenorphine and heroin. Results: Stimulus control by buprenorphine was maintained throughout the study and was not changed by repeated daily dosing or by an acute injection of large doses of buprenorphine. Mu opioid agonists substituted for buprenorphine with the following order of potency: heroin≥butorphanol>nalbuphine≥morphine. Ketamine, enadoline, spiradoline, amphetamine and cocaine failed to substitute completely for buprenorphine. The discriminative stimulus effects of buprenorphine lasted 2–72 h, depending on dose, and naltrexone prevented but did not reverse the effects of buprenorphine. Conclusion: Despite a very long duration of action and apparent irreversibility, under these conditions in pigeons, buprenorphine does not modulate the discriminative stimulus effects of itself or heroin. Thus, simple agonism might account for the therapeutic effectiveness of buprenorphine in opioid abusers.
Japanese and American Values

Abstract Valeurs japonaises et americaines. — L'A. examine les changements politiques et sociaux intervenus au Japon apres la seconde guerre mondiale et pose le probleme de savoir si le systeme de valeurs psychologiques a change de la měmc maniere. On soumet a des eleves de lycee ct d'universite une version de Pechelle de preferences personnelles d'Edwards et on compare les resultats avec les normes qui se sont degagees des reponses de sujets americains pour la měme echelle. Les resultats indiquent qu'au niveau de l'universite, les etudiants japonais se situent plus bas que les etudiants americains en matiere de reussite, dc deference et de dominance, mais plus haut en matiere d'humilite, d'endurance et de besoin de changement. Les etudiantes japonaises se situent plus bas que les americaines en matiere de reussite, de deference, d'affiliation, de dominance et d'education, mais plus haut en matiere d'agression. L'A. interprete ces resultats comme le signe que le systeme de valeurs des Japonais ne peut don...
Practical solutions to transistorized FM tuner design problems using new epitaxial stripe mesa transistors

The purpose of this report is to analyze some of the design and performance problems associated with f-m tuners and show how these problems may be minimized or eliminated by using the new Texas Instruments TI-390 series germanium epitaxial mesa transistor. The problems to be presented and discussed will include noise performance, spurious responses, and AGC. The relationship of transistor parameter specifications to these problems will be analyzed.