cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Density‐dependent parasitism in biological control of soil‐borne insects, nematodes, fungi and bacteria

Temporal density‐dependent parasitism appears to explain the development of some pest‐ and pathogen‐suppressive soils. In many examples, an enrichment of hosts (soil‐borne pests or pathogens) precedes and supports a build up of beneficial parasites in perennial crops or in monocultures, and the population dynamics of hosts and parasites may be described in epidemiological terms. Although the examples support the concept of a balance of nature based on density‐dependent regulation, we lack detailed understanding of the processes that drive these beneficial epidemics. In addition, the epidemics develop slowly and often do not provide the control expected by farmers. Current research, therefore, emphasizes inundative release of beneficial agents. Nevertheless, we should study epidemics in soil in order to learn how they might be enhanced; to learn how better to utilize inoculum that is inundatively added to soil; and to contribute to the general discussion of population biology and regulation.
Quality characteristics of red raspberry fruit spread made with four sweeteners.

Red raspberry fruit spreads sweetened with sugar (S) or raspberry, red grape, or apple juice concentrates were processed by inversion and analyzed for chemical, physical, and sensory properties at 1, 12, and 24 weeks. All pH values were between 3.0 and 3.5 while all aw were above 0.81. Samples were dark red but became duller over time. Viscosities and total solids were lower (p<0.05) in juice sweetened products than in S. Sensory evaluations improved over time for all samples, but were always higher (p<0.05) for S. Mold was detected in all samples at 24 weeks. Acceptable products were prepared using fruit juice concentrates but inversion processing was not recommended for fruit spread preparation.
A Higher Order Ensemble Simulation Algorithm for Fluid Flows

This report presents an efficient, higher order method for fast calculation of an ensemble of solutions of the Navier---Stokes equations. We give a complete stability and convergence analysis of the method for laminar flows and an extension to turbulent flows. For high Reynolds number flows, we propose and analyze an eddy viscosity model with a recent reparameterization of the mixing length. This turbulence model depends on an ensemble mean compatible with the higher order method. We show the turbulence model has superior stability, also demonstrated in numerical tests. We also give tests showing the potential of the new method for exploring flow problems to compute turbulence intensities, effective Lyapunov exponents, windows of predictability and to verify the selective decay principle.
An Exploration of Nonprehensile Two-Palm Manipulation

When two hands manipulate a part, they perform three basic opera tions : holding or rotating the part in an equilibrium grasp, allowing the part to fall in disequilibrium, and sliding one hand or t...
Some Properties of Cross‐bonded Phosphate Diester of Waxy Maize Starch

Phosphate diesters of waxy maize starch were prepared by crossbonding reactions using various concentrations of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) under conditions of controlled pH and temperature in order to have the modified starch with better functional properties. The waxy maize starch treated with 350 ppm POCl3 (D. B.) showed higher paste viscosity and better heat resistance and acid proofing at a range of pH 3.0–4.0 than the unmodified starch and the other diesters prepared using 250–1,000 ppm POCl3. The viscosity at 25°C of 4% pastes, added salt, sugar and acid simulating a kind of brown sauce and cooked at 95°C for 10 min, containing the diester prepared by either 350 or 1,000 ppm POCl3, was higher and more stable in a refrigerator up to 4 months than that of the unmodified waxy maize starch. Application of the diester (1,000 ppm POCl3) to an effective thickener for “instant Miso soup” was also investigated. Einige Eigenschaften von aus wachsiger Maisstarke dargestellten vernetzten Phosphatdiesten. Phosphatdiester wurden durch Vernetzungsreaktionen mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen an Phosphoroxychlorod (POCl3) unter kontrollierten pH- und Temperaturbedingungen aus wachsiger Maisstarke dargestellt, um eine modifizierte Starke mit besseren funktionellen Eigenschaften zu erhalten. Mit 350 ppm POCl3 (bezogen auf TS) behandelte wachsige Maisstarke wies hohere Viskositat und bessere Warme- und Saurebestandigkeit bei pH 3,0 bis 4,0 auf als eine unbehandelte Starke und andere, mit 250–1000 ppm POCl3 dargestellte Diester. Die Viskositat eines 4%igen Kleisters aus mit 350 bzw. 1000 ppm POCl3 dargestellten Diesters, der zur Simulierung einer Art brauner Sose unter Zumischung von Salz, Zucker und Saure bei 95°C 10 min lang gekocht wurde, war hoher als die der unbehandelten wachsigen Maisstarke und blieb auch bei der Lagerung im Kuhlschrank uber 4 Monate erhalten. Die Verwendbarkeit des Diesters (1000 ppm POCl3) als wirksames Dickungsmittel fur Instant-Misosuppe wurde untersucht.
The nuclear susceptibility of 3He in dilute solution in liquid 4He

Abstract The nuclear susceptibility of 3He in liquid 4He has been measured between 0.35°K and 1.3°K for concentrations up to 15%. The results are very close to the ideal Fermi-Dirac values calculated with m ∗ = 2.5m 3 , the effective 3He3He interaction being too small to detect for concentrations below 10%.
Ultraviolet difference spectra of the lactose repressor protein. II. Trypsin core protein.

Abstract Ultraviolet difference spectra of the core protein derived from trypsin treatment of the lactose repressor protein have been studied. Changes in the aromatic residues of the core protein upon addition of inducers have been found to be identical with those of whole repressor protein. These changes indicate that the conformation change observable in the ultraviolet spectrum occurring upon binding of inducers involves segments of the protein which are in the core protein and not in the C- and N-terminal regions which are removed by trypsin treatment.
Numerical Inversion of Laplace Transforms Using Laguerre Functions

A method is described for the numerical inversion of Laplace transforms, in which the inverse is obtained as an expansion in terms of orthonormal Laguerre functions. In order for this to be accomplished, the given Laplace transform is expanded in terms of the Laplace transforms of the orthonormal Laguerre functions. The latter expansion is then reduced to a cosine series whose approximate expansion coefficients are obtained by means of trigonometric interpolation. The computational steps have been arranged to facilitate automatic digital computation, and numerical illustrations have been given.
Effect of dual underlayer structure on the perpendicular magnetization of FePt:C nanocomposite films

Abstract The FePt thin films with both ordered face-centered-tetragonal (fct) structure (known as L 1 0 ) and good perpendicular alignment have been synthesized on economical glass substrates and they are deposited at substrate temperature just heated up to 600 °C by heater in sputter apparatus without subsequent thermal annealing process. A strong (0 0 1) oriented FePt film could be obtained with controlling the thickness of either polycrystalline Pt or MgO layer in dual underlayer structure and intercalating ultrathin amorphous carbon layer of 0.75 nm. The formation of ordered fct structure ( L 1 0 ) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and visible FePt (0 0 1) and (0 0 2) peaks indicate a high degree for texturing. The FePt:C film deposited on Pt(20 nm)/MgO(35 nm) dual underlayer shows a large perpendicular magnetization, indicating the high ratio (∼15.2) of perpendicular (>7400 Oe) to in-plane (
Toward proactive knowledge protection in community-based software development

Leveraging the abundant community resources, e.g. campus students, programming fans, software amateurs, is promising to be a flexible and effective approach for relieving the enterprise's IT resource shortage. However, the concern about confidential knowledge exposure makes most enterprises hesitate to outsource software development to community resources. Unlike the traditional legal protection mechanism that prevents community resources from exposing the already known confidential knowledge, this paper presents a proactive confidential knowledge protection technology, which prevents the community resources from learning the confidential knowledge in software development activities. First, the client is facilitated on identifying confidential knowledge involved in the software development activity. Then, the risky software design elements that might expose confidential knowledge are identified in both qualitative and quantitative way. Based on the identification result, a holistic proactive protection solution is presented by orchestrating task reservation, task pretending and task partition activities. Finally, the processed software development tasks are dispatched to community developers without worrying about the confidential knowledge exposure. The technology has been preliminarily validated in two community-based software development cases.
Robot localization using soft object detection

In this paper, we give a new double twist to the robot localization problem. We solve the problem for the case of prior maps which are semantically annotated perhaps even sketched by hand. Data association is achieved not through the detection of visual features but the detection of object classes used in the annotation of the prior maps. To avoid the caveats of general object recognition, we propose a new representation of the query images that consists of a vector of the detection scores for each object class. Given such soft object detections we are able to create hypotheses about pose and to refine them through particle filtering. As opposed to small confined office and kitchen spaces, our experiment takes place in a large open urban rail station with multiple semantically ambiguous places. The success of our approach shows that our new representation is a robust way to exploit the plethora of existing prior maps for GPS-denied environments avoiding the data association problems when matching point clouds or visual features.
Society and the Individual

When the recent Soviet discussions of ethics are examined from the perspective of the history of ethical theory as a whole, one of their more interesting general characteristics can be easily discerned: the framework and terms of these discussions, the problems posed, and the approaches taken toward their solution are remarkably similar to those of the ‘social utilitarian’ doctrines of the eighteenth century French Enlightenment. This is not so surprising when one remembers that Marx himself frequently drew attention to the doctrines of the ‘French materialists’, and more particularly, that Plekhanov wrote extensively on the eighteenth century French materialists. Russians who learned their Marxism through Plekhanov could scarcely fail to be highly conscious of these writers, even forgetting the special fascination which the Philosophes held for the nineteenth century Russian ‘intelligenty’. One of the earliest Soviet works on the history of ethical theory was an article on the‘ social ethics’ of Morelly and Mably, by a student of Deborin.1
A Comment on Shearing as a Method for “Size Correction”

The "shear" method of Humphries et al. (1981) is based on a path model intended to explain differences in form by multiple factors: one for size and one or more for shape differences. Its adaptation for "removing" the effects of a within-population size-factor from between-group morphometric analyses is presented in compact matrix form, simplified, and compared to the method of orthogonal projection proposed by Burnaby (1966). While the size- correction methods give similar results for most real data sets, Burnaby's procedure with k = 1 (i.e., using a single composite size variable) is recommended for this purpose owing to its geometrical and computational simplicity. An example based on artificial data demonstrates that sheared principal components are not necessarily uncorrelated with size. Path modeling of size and shape together is a different purpose than size-correction, and is better served by a different procedure. (Allometric growth; morphometrics; size; shape; principal components analysis.)
The Inability To Mentally Represent Action May Be Associated With Performance Deficits in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Several research studies indicate that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) show delays with an array of perceptual-motor skills. One of the explanations, based on limited research, is that these children have problems generating and/or monitoring a mental (action) representation of intended actions, termed the "internal modeling deficit" (IMD) hypothesis. According to the hypothesis, children with DCD have significant limitations in their ability to accurately generate and utilize internal models of motor planning and control. The focus of this review is on one of the methods used to examine action representation-motor imagery, which theorists argue provides a window into the process of action representation (e.g., Jeannerod, 2001 . Neural simulation of action: A unifying mechanism for motor cognition. Neuroimage, 14, 103-109.). Included in the review are performance studies of typically developing and DCD children, and possible brain structures involved.
Neural networks using apparent resistance for out-of-step relaying

This paper describes methods used for training neural networks (NNs) to perform out-of-step relaying using apparent resistance and its rate of change. NNs have an adjustable output threshold value that changes the numbers of failures to trip and false trips. The performance of NNs for out-of-step relaying is not always good over a wide range of output threshold values. The method described in this paper called the confusional filtering criterion (CFC) helps produce lower error rates for a wider range of output threshold values. This method modifies the training set before training the NN. The training set contains input-output pairs consisting of R and Rdot measurements plus the desired output, which is whether the relay should or should not trip.
Plankton Dynamics of the Southern California Bight

The Food Chain Research Group (FCRG) of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (La Jolla, Calif.) has for a number of years investigated the functional relationships that exist within the food web of the Southern California Bight. This project has been extremely productive from a number of standpoints. First, it has been a focused research venture that has resulted in numerous quality publications throughout the years and has trained a series of highly qualified researchers, many of whom have gone on to establish their own productive research programs. More importantly, these interdisciplinary projects have led to a new understanding of the functioning of pelagic systems on a variety of scales (e.g., the small-scale coupling of bacteria and microzooplankton, the interannual variations in phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish larvae in relation to physical forcing in the bight, etc.).
Cavity-QED-enhanced spontaneous and stimulated emission in liquid droplets

Several cavity quantum electrodynamic phenomena have been observed in liquid microdroplets. These include cavity-induced spectral changes, emission lifetime modification, and enhanced lasing and Raman gains.
Elimination of early Salmonella enteritidis infection after treatment with competitive-exclusion culture and enrofloxacin in experimentally infected chicks

The effect of normal avian gut flora (NAGF) and enrofloxacin administration on the early infection of young chicks by Salmonella enteritidis (SE) was determined using day-old White Leghorn chicks. Day- old chicks were divided into two groups, untreated control and NAGF-treated, and then infected with 10(6) cfu of SE per chick by oral gavage. The untreated, infected chicks were further divided into two groups and were either left untreated or medicated with a regimen of 10 mg/kg of enrofloxacin in drinking water daily for 10 d, followed by two doses of NAGF beginning at 10 and 8 wk of age in Trial 1 and Trial 2, respectively. Liver, spleen, and cecum samples were tested for the presence of SE, and immunological responsiveness was investigated up to 12 wk of age. Compared with the untreated group, the cecal colonization of SE was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the NAGF-treated group in Trials 1 and 2. No significant differences in organ infection were observed in the NAGF-treated vs. untreated birds. Although a significant effect of the combined treatment of enrofloxacin treatment and NAGF on the early infection was not shown in Trial 1, compared with enrofloxacin only or the untreated group, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the number of infected chickens and in the number of SE in the cecal contents was observed at 10 wk of age in Trial 2. The enrofloxacin treatment did not increase opportunistic colonization by SE due to the use of the antibiotic in either trial. The plasma and intestinal immunological responses were not significant at the early age (up to 12 wk) of the birds. The use of enrofloxacin, followed by NAGF, could aid the elimination of SE from young chicks persistently infected at an early age. The combined treatment, compared with enrofloxacin alone, protected chickens from reinfection by 40%.
Three‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Non‐spherical Colloids as Building Blocks

This paper discusses the potential use of non-spherical colloids (see Figure) as the building blocks in self-assembly to fabricate three-dimensional photonic crystals with bandgaps located in the optical regime. The methods of producing non-spherical colloids as monodisperse samples, and with well-defined shapes and tightly controlled dimensions are presented, and the methods employed to organize these non-spherical colloids into 3D crystalline lattices are discussed.
Ordering chaos of Chua's circuit-A feedback control approach

Ordering or controlling chaos has in recent years attracted special attention from a number of research groups in the areas of nonlinear dynamics and control. The authors have developed a unified linear feedback control methodology for this purpose, which works well for many general chaotic systems. It has been shown that under certain conditions a chaotic trajectory can be guided to one of the unstable limit cycles of the dynamic system, provided that an appropriate feedback control is applied. This control technique is refined and applied to the well-known Chua's circuit here, giving simpler implementation with even better results. A simple sufficient condition for the design of such a linear feedback controller is given, and the numerical simulation as well as the physical implementation of the design feedback control configuration are both illustrated. >
Fabrication Of Mesoscale Energy Storage Systems By Laser Direct-Write

Over the last two decades, there has been a trend towards the development of smaller and more autonomous electronic devices, yet the question of how to power these microdevices with correspondingly small power sources remains. To address this problem, we employ a laser forward-transfer process in combination with ultraviolet laser micromachining, to fabricate mesoscale electrochemical power sources, such as microbatteries and micro-ultracapacitors. This direct-write laser-engineering approach enables the deposition of battery materials (hydrous ruthenium oxide, manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, etc.) under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions, resulting in films with the desired morphological and electrochemical properties. Planar and stacked cell configurations are produced and tested for their energy storage and power delivery capabilities and exhibit favorable performance in comparison to current battery technology.
Heterosexual Ally Development in Counseling Psychologists: Experiences, Training, and Advocacy

Fourteen pre-doctoral psychology interns and psychologists employed in university counseling settings who self-identified as heterosexual were interviewed concerning their experiences and development with ally work in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. Guided by the tradition of interpretive phenomenological qualitative approach with constant comparison analysis serving as the strategy for inductive analysis, results indicated a significant variation concerning how the counseling psychologists viewed the ally experience. However, common meaning, challenges, and training experiences within their ally development were evident, with five main themes emerging: (a) ally meaning and essence, (b) ally growth and development, (c) ally challenges, (d) relationship between social justice and training, and (e) diversity within the LGBT community. Results highlight ongoing discussion, research, and training concerning ally development, with particular focus on modeling and mentorship.
TGFβ inhibition prior to hypofractionated radiation enhances efficacy in preclinical models.

The immune infiltrate in colorectal cancer has been correlated with outcome, such that individuals with higher infiltrations of T cells have increased survival independent of disease stage. For those patients with poor immune infiltrates, overall survival is severely limited. Since the colorectal cancer patients studied received conventional cancer therapies, these data could be interpreted to mean that the pre-treatment tumor environment increases the efficacy of treatments such as chemotherapy, surgical resection and radiation therapy. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that an improved immune environment in the tumor at the time of treatment will increase the efficacy of radiation therapy. We demonstrate that inhibition of TGFβ using the orally available small molecule inhibitor SM16 improved the immune environment of tumors in mice and significantly improved the efficacy of subsequent radiation therapy. This effect was not due to changes in radiosensitivity, epithelial to mesenchymal transition or changes in vascular function in the tumor; rather, this effect was dependent on adaptive immunity and resulted in long-term protective immunity in cured mice. These data demonstrate that immunotherapy is an option to improve the immune status of patients with poor tumor infiltrates and that pre-treatment improves the efficacy of radiation therapy.
161 O - Very high-dose chemotherapy (VHDCT) with ematologic support in previously untreated advanced ovarian cancer (OVCA): preliminary results of a phase I-II study

Two consecutive trials were conducted to evaluate a VHDCT programme with autologous bone marrow (ABM) or perlpheral stem cell (APSC) support in previously untreated OVCA patients (Pts) with macroscopic (0.5–2cm) residual tumor. Fifthy-one pts (median age 44; stage IIIC 78%) underwent: Induction chemotherapy (Indct) (2–4 cycles of a cisplatin and cyclophosphamide combination +/- G-CSF) with ABM and/or APSC hsrvestlng (H) foflowed by intensification (Int) CT (one course of a platinum, etoposide combination +/- L-PAM, +/-G-CSF&EPO) In the absence of clinical progression. 2nd-look laparotomy was performed in complete responders. 42 (82%) and 39 (76%) pts are evaluable for toxicity and pathological response (PR), respectively while 6 pts are still on treatment, 3 progressed when on treatment, 2 are awaiting 2nd look. One toxic death occurred due to systemic mycosis in a pt undergoing ABM transplantation (T). The number of leukaphereses required for adequate APSCH decreased after G-CSF Incorporation. Duration of BM aplasia progressively decressed lor pts receiving ABMT. APSCT and APSCT + G-cSF & EPO, respectively. 90% pR (CR 44%, PR 41% of which 36% microscopic) was revealed at 2nd-1ook. A median follow up of 28 (2–79) months has been reached from diagnosis. Only 2 of the 19 pathologically complete responders (6 with a > 5 year follow-up from 2nd-look) have so far relapsed without further therapy. Treatment proved to be feasible with acceptable toxicity when APSCT + G-CSF & EPO were used. The disease-free Interval would seem to be longer than expected in this pt subset. These data, if confirmed after a prolonged observation, warrants further investigation (in a randomized setting) on the possible therapeutic impact of this new approach on chemosensitive tumors.
Hierarchical assembly of the budding yeast kinetochore from multiple subcomplexes

Kinetochores are multiprotein complexes that assemble on centromeric DNA and attach chromosomes to spindle microtubules. Over the past six years, the number of proteins known to localize to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore has increased from around 10 to over 60. However, relatively little is known about the protein-protein interactions that mediate kinetochore assembly or about the overall structure of microtubule-attachment sites. Here we used biophysical techniques, affinity purification, mass spectrometry, and in vivo assays to examine the state of association of 31 centromere-binding proteins, including six proteins newly identified as kinetochore subunits. We found that yeast kinetochores resemble transcriptional enhancers in being composed of at least 17 discrete subcomplexes that assemble on DNA to form a very large structure with a mass in excess of 5 MD. Critical to kinetochore assembly are proteins that bridge subunits in direct contact with DNA and subunits bound to microtubules. We show that two newly identified kinetochore complexes, COMA (Ctf19p-Okp1p-Mcm21p-Ame1p) and MIND (Mtw1p including Nnf1p-Nsl1p-Dsn1p) function as bridges. COMA, MIND, and the previously described Ndc80 complex constitute three independent and essential platforms onto which outer kinetochore proteins assemble. In addition, we propose that the three complexes have different functions with respect to force generation and MT attachment.
Modeling Induction Phenomena in Intermolecular Interactions with an Ab Initio Force Field.

One possible road toward the development of a polarizable potential energy function relies on the use of distributed polarizabilities derived from the induction energy mapped around the molecule. Whereas such polarizable models are expected to reproduce the signature induction energy with an appreciable accuracy, it is far from clear whether they will perform equally well in the context of intermolecular interactions. To address this issue, while pursuing the ultimate goal of a “plug-and-play”-like approach, polarizability models determined quantum mechanically and consisting of atomic isotropic dipole plus charge-flow polarizabilities were combined with the classical, nonpolarizable Charmm force field. Performance of the models was probed in the challenging test cases of cation-π binding and the association of a divalent calcium ion with water, where induction effects are envisioned to be considerable. Since brute force comparison of the binding energies estimated from the polarizable and the classical C...
Transition of care and the impact on the environment of care

An unplanned readmission to the hospital within 30 days of discharge is seen as a failure by the healthcare team to appropriately plan for a safe and effective discharge to the next level of care. According to The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), the national average readmission rate in 2012 was 18.4%. As CMS shifts to a pay for performance strategy, a readmission rate higher than the national average for specific disease processes will result in a financial penalty. Many organizations have identified the need to improve the current discharge planning processes and to provide patients with a safer transition to the next level of care to prevent readmissions. Evidence demonstrates that there is value in reconfiguring the current discharge processes toward interventions that demonstrate a reduction in readmission rates. The discharge process should incorporate a multidisciplinary, multicomponent transition of care intervention that starts while the patient is in the hospital and continues with some type of home-care follow-up. Transition of care is a relatively new term that is used to describe a set of interventions designed to coordinate a patient’s care during the movement between healthcare settings. Implementing a well-designed transition of care program allows hospitals to provide a safe Environment of Care to patients during their care transitions. Environment of Care is a term coined by The Joint Commission that is used to describe the environment in which the patient is being cared for. The term usually involves three components: the people, the equipment and tools, and the building. As healthcare changes, it will become increasingly important to provide patients with care management throughout the continuum of care, which means thinking of the patient’s Environment of Care in much broader terms. How do transition of care processes affect the patient’s Environment of Care? Does a well-implemented transition of care program lead to a positive impact in the patient’s overall Environment of Care? This article provides an overview of how implementing a formalized transition of care process can lead to a safer Environment of Care.
Capital Mobility and Financial Integration in Antebellum America

Studies of postbellum financial markets have shown that the United States was not served by an integrated short-term capital market until the turn of the twentieth century. Until recently the data necessary for the study of a similar phenomenon in the antebellum period have not been available. This article reports several new regional interest rate series for the antebellum era that show that antebellum credit markets were more integrated than postbellum markets. Lance Davis's finding that short-term interest rates in postbellum America varied across regions by as much as 4 or 5 percent challenged the conventional economic wisdom that capital markets quickly and efficiently dissipate price differentials on credit instruments of equal risk.' Subsequent research has offered several hypotheses to explain this anomaly: legal restrictions on banks, differential risk, information and transportation costs, and the probability of bank failure.2 Furthermore, though most researchers think interest rates had converged by World War I, they do not agree on why this happened.3 In any case, it seems America did not benefit from an integrated capital market until well into the twentieth century. The inference often drawn from these studies is that antebellum credit markets must have been at least as equally disintegrated. Direct evidence, however, has been sorely lacking. For more than 100 years Bigelow's interest rate series along with Davis's series drawn from the records of New England textile mills have remained the only extant evidence on short-term interest rates in antebellum America.4 With only these two series, both of which pertain to the same region, it has been
Backbone resonance assignments of the C2 domain of coagulation factor VIII

Factor VIII (FVIII, other clotting factors are named similarly) is a glycoprotein that circulates in the plasma bound to von Willebrand factor. During the blood coagulation cascade, activated FVIII (FVIIIa) binds to FIXa and activates FX in the presence of calcium ions and phospholipid membranes. The C1 and C2 domains mediate membrane binding that is essential for activation of the FVIIIa–FIXa complex. Here, 1H, 13C, and 15N backbone chemical shift assignments are reported for the C2 domain of FVIII, including assignments for the residues in solvent-exposed loops. The NMR resonance assignments, along with further structural studies of membrane-bound FVIII, will advance understanding of blood-clotting protein interactions.
Identification of an Interacting Coat-External Scaffolding Protein Domain Required for both the Initiation of φX174 Procapsid Morphogenesis and the Completion of DNA Packaging

The X174 external scaffolding protein D mediates the assembly of coat protein pentamers into procapsids. There are four external scaffolding subunits per coat protein. Organized as pairs of asymmetric dimers, the arrangement is unrelated to quasi-equivalence. The external scaffolding protein contains seven -helices. The protein’s core, -helices 2 to 6, mediates the vast majority of intra- and interdimer contacts and is strongly conserved in all Microviridae (canonical members are X174, G4, and 3) external scaffolding proteins. On the other hand, the primary sequences of the first -helices have diverged. The results of previous studies with 3/X174 chimeric external scaffolding proteins suggest that -helix 1 may act as a substrate specificity domain, mediating the initial coat scaffolding protein recognition in a species-specific manner. However, the low sequence conservation between the two phages impeded genetic analyses. In an effort to elucidate a more mechanistic model, chimeric external scaffolding proteins were constructed between the more closely related phages G4 and X174. The results of biochemical analyses indicate that the chimeric external scaffolding protein inhibits two morphogenetic steps: the initiation of procapsid formation and DNA packaging. X174 mutants that can efficiently utilize the chimeric protein were isolated and characterized. The substitutions appear to suppress both morphogenetic defects and are located in threefold-related coat protein sequences that most likely form the pores in the viral procapsid. These results identify coat-external scaffolding domains needed to initiate procapsid formation and provide more evidence, albeit indirect, that the pores are the site of DNA entry during the packaging reaction.
Strong authentication countermeasures using dynamic keying for sinkhole and distance spoofing attacks in smart grid networks

This paper presents a proposal to provide secure communications in smart grid / utility metering networks using RPL (Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks). The RPL protocol provides optimal routing performance in some wireless sensor networks and may become a strong standard in utility metering networks. However, the protocol does have numerous security flaws which should be addressed prior to its use in critical infrastructure such as automated metering infrastructure (AMI). Among those flaws, this paper examines the sinkhole and distance spoofing attacks; in addition, it proposes modifications to RPL addressing routing vulnerabilities, including using node-to-node encrypted authentication with dynamically served encryption keys and key-compromising detection using data mining. Simulation results show that the proposed resolution provides good performance characteristics for use in utility grid networks.
Energy momentum tensor, and the D -term of Q -balls

We study the energy-momentum tensor of stable, metastable and unstable $Q$-balls in scalar field theories with U(1) symmetry. We calculate properties such as charge, mass, mean square radii and the constant ${d}_{1}$ (``$D$-term'') as functions of the phase space angular velocity $\ensuremath{\omega}$. We discuss the limits when $\ensuremath{\omega}$ approaches the boundaries of the region in which solutions exist, and derive analytical results for the quantities in these limits. The central result of this work is the rigorous proof that ${d}_{1}$ is strictly negative for all finite energy solutions in the $Q$-ball system.
Towards Defining the Potential of Electroacoustic Infrasonic Music

Infrasounds, frequencies ≤ 20 Hz, occupying the sonic landscape beyond pitch, offer a wide terrain of musical potential to the contemporary electroacoustic composer, a potential that has so far been poorly defined or exploited. This paper is a brief tutorial on employing infrasounds in electroacoustic composition. Infrasounds possess musical potential within the auditory and tactile modalites as either airborne and solidean vibrations, either containing or psychoacoustically suggesting a fundamental wave ≤ 20 Hz. The infrasonic composer must consider a range of issues with respect to 1) equal-loudness contours (the detection threshold being > 70 dB below 20 Hz), 2) intersubject variability within these contours, 3) obstacles in finding hardware to diffuse these oscillations at the SPL needed for their detection, 4) their safe usage (anticipating harmonic distortion in hardware when working at high SPLs), as well as engineering an aesthetic context through interactivity and sensory conditioning to optimize a positive-valence response. There is great potential for sonic, vibrotactile, and intersensorial composition with respect to space and the body, e.g., interacting with or conveying large architectural spaces, evoking psychosomatic interactions through biorhythmic suggestion, and exploring the musicality of the body through its peak resonances.
A little bit transparent with one another: Constructing vulnerability in the evangelical discourse of women preachers

Using four categories of Brown’s shame resilience theory (SRT), this paper analyses two similar online videos by prominent American evangelical female preachers: Joyce Meyer and Beth Moore. As each unpacks her survivor’s story of childhood sexual abuse, SRT (and its components of vulnerability, critical awareness, reaching out and speaking shame) can provide a matrix for interpreting the narrative in which each preacher frames her self-disclosure.
Over-the-counter oral contraceptives: The adolescent health care providers' perspective

Abstract Objective: To survey the opinions of adolescent health care providers regarding the availability of over-the-counter (OTC) oral contraceptives (OCs) to adolescents and whether this intervention may decrease the number of unintended adolescent pregnancies. Methods: Academic hospitals, neighborhood health centers, and family planning centers in the city of Boston were contacted. The health care providers who were most involved in adolescent contraceptive counseling were surveyed. Results: Forty-nine providers participated. Ninety percent of providers (44 of 49) were against making OCs available OTC to adolescents. Seventy-three percent did not think that OTC OCs would decrease the number of unintended adolescent pregnancies. Conclusions: Our survey shows that adolescent health care providers surveyed in Boston are opposed to making OCs available to adolescents over the counter. The majority do not think this would decrease the number of unintended adolescent pregnancies. The providers predicted that without the interactive counseling provided by clinicians, adolescents would be unlikely to utilize OCs effectively. Additionally, adolescents would be seen less for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) screening and other routine health care.
Using network projections to explore co-incidence and context in large clinical datasets

Display Omitted Network projections of ICD codes reveal patterns prior to recognition of homelessness.Network projections efficiently display co-incidence in large clinical datasets.Projections of ICD codes may be configured to show comparison or change over time.Exploring data co-incidence with network projections can aid hypothesis generation.These data exploration methods complement traditional statistical techniques. IntroductionNetwork projections of data can provide an efficient format for data exploration of co-incidence in large clinical datasets. We present and explore the utility of a network projection approach to finding patterns in health care data that could be exploited to prevent homelessness among U.S. Veterans. MethodWe divided Veteran ICD-9-CM (ICD9) data into two time periods (0-59 and 60-364days prior to the first evidence of homelessness) and then used Pajek social network analysis software to visualize these data as three different networks. A multi-relational network simultaneously displayed the magnitude of ties between the most frequent ICD9 pairings. A new association network visualized ICD9 pairings that greatly increased or decreased. A signed, subtraction network visualized the presence, absence, and magnitude difference between ICD9 associations by time period. ResultA cohort of 9468 U.S. Veterans was identified as having administrative evidence of homelessness and visits in both time periods. They were seen in 222,599 outpatient visits that generated 484,339 ICD9 codes (average of 11.4 (range 1-23) visits and 2.2 (range 1-60) ICD9 codes per visit). Using the three network projection methods, we were able to show distinct differences in the pattern of co-morbidities in the two time periods. In the more distant time period preceding homelessness, the network was dominated by routine health maintenance visits and physical ailment diagnoses. In the 59days immediately prior to the homelessness identification, alcohol related diagnoses along with economic circumstances such as unemployment, legal circumstances, along with housing instability were noted. ConclusionNetwork visualizations of large clinical datasets traditionally treated as tabular and difficult to manipulate reveal rich, previously hidden connections between data variables related to homelessness. A key feature is the ability to visualize changes in variables with temporality and in proximity to the event of interest. These visualizations lend support to cognitive tasks such as exploration of large clinical datasets as a prelude to hypothesis generation.
290 BREAST MILK FEEDING IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS: INFLUENCES AND BARRIERS.

Background Clinical studies have demonstrated that feeding human breast milk to premature infants can prevent several of the associated comorbid conditions. Often, the initial high rate of pumping breast milk at birth can wane by 1 month postpartum. Additionally, there appear to be socioeconomic and racial disparities in initiating and continuing to pump breast milk. The goal of this study was to determine these barriers in order to develop specific interventions to increase the rate of prolonged breast milk feeding. Methods An extensive survey instrument was designed to ask questions about breastfeeding. Mothers of UAB inborn infants with a birth weight less than 1,500 g and alive at 30 days were interviewed with the survey. The questions included maternal and infant demographic information. In addition, specific questions were designed to determine the prenatal influences regarding feeding, including breastfeeding. There were also questions pertaining to the immediate postpartum period as well as the first month about breast milk pumping. Three distinct populations were defined: never pumped, pumped but discontinued by 30 days, and those still providing breast milk at 30 days. The demographic information and the answers to the survey were used as variables and analyzed using logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval. Results From July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004, 102 mothers were surveyed. The median maternal age was 24 years. The racial composition was 54% white, 43% black, and 3% other. Almost 60% of the mothers had Medicaid. There was no difference in breast pumping rates based on race or socioeconomic status. Regarding initiation, 15% never attempted pumping while 58% were still pumping at 30 days. There was a strong association with not pumping in the mothers who had never considered breastfeeding in the prenatal period (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.9, 19.1). The strongest prenatal influence regarding breastfeeding was the obstetrician (OB). The strongest factor associated with pumping breast milk at 30 days was husband/father of child involvement (OR 14.1, 95% CI 1.1, 174 and OR 9.3, 95% CI 2.2, 36, respectively). Conclusions Prenatal OB and paternal influences were the strongest determinants in successful prolonged breast milk pumping. Implications While important to provide postnatal lactation support, it appears that prenatal counseling is an major potential area for interventions designed to increase breastfeeding in general and possibly providing breast milk to premature infants.
Student engagement through applied learning: the live business partnership model

This paper discusses applied learning models and the experiences of selecting a working model used at a regional university Missouri Western State University (MWSU). It will show how a blended Applied/Service Learning model followed by other universities, Iowa State University and Virginia Tech, was used to engage students in 'live' projects that strengthen problem solving and critical thinking skills while they analyze, design, and develop software applications from the clients' prospective. Project sponsors, corporate sponsors, and business officers bring industry's needs, expertise, and peer review to projects that blend legacy with new application development using cutting edge tools. Applied/Service learning (ASL) models are not new; inviting industry leaders into the classroom as an active component of classroom content is gaining momentum as educators seek to find new ways to engage a wide disparate student body spanning four or more generations. ASL models incorporate learning styles into course objectives and outcomes allowing students to bridge the generation gaps and come together as teams to produce prize winning web applications. Students are guided in year-long projects through detailed syllabi, rubrics, goals, and objectives while working through the entire software development life cycle (SDLC).
On the Social Acceptability of Behavior-Analytic Terms: Crowdsourced Comparisons of Lay and Technical Language

Behavior analysis has a marketing problem. Although behavior analysts have speculated about the problems regarding our technical behavior-analytic terminology and how our terminology has hindered the dissemination of behavior analysis to outsiders, few have investigated the social acceptability of the terminology. The present paper reports the general public’s reactions to technical behavioral jargon versus non-technical substitute terms that refer to applied behavior-analytic techniques. Two-hundred participants, all non-behavior analysts, were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and completed a survey on the social acceptability of behavioral jargon and non-technical terms. Specifically, participants rated the acceptability of how the six pairs of terms (technical and non-technical) sounded if the treatments were to be implemented for each of 10 potential populations of clients that behavior analysts typically work with. The results show that, overall, members of the general public found non-technical substitute terms more acceptable than technical behavior-analytic terms. The finding suggests that specialized vocabulary of behavior analysis may create hurdles to the acceptability of applied behavior-analytic services. The implication of these findings suggest the importance of a systematic investigation of listener behavior with respect to behavior analysis terms.
Two new deep-water Pseudolividae (Neogastropoda) from the south-west Pacific

The new genus Fusulculus, conchologically most similar to Benthobia Dall, 1889 and Zemira H. & A. Adams, 1853, is erected for axially sculptured species of Pseudolividae with shouldered whorls and obsolete labral tooth; the columellar and parietal caIJus is of very limited extent, and a parietal rib at the adapical end of the inner lip is absent. Two new species, Fusulculus crenatus (type of genus) and F albus are described from bathyal (400--800 m) hard bottoms at tropical and sub­ tropical latitudes in the southwest Pacifie. No post-Paleocene species of Pseudolividae are Imown from the tropical Indo­ Pacifie; the habitat of Fusulculus is bathymetrieally transitional between those of Benthobia, from abyssal depths, and the var· ious genera from subtidal waters in southem Australia, South Afriea and Angola.