cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive magnetic measurement of gut motility

A non-invasive method to measure gut motility has been developed. Biomagnetic measurements of the movement of the gut were monitored in awake rabbits after the animals had ingested small stirring magnets. The measurements were made in an unshielded room with a flux-gate magnetometer. Frequency analysis of the signal showed peak signals at 0.054 Hz. Those signals were altered when metclopramide and atropine were injected into the animals. The technique should be applicable to human subjects, providing a convenient and inexpensive assessment of gut function.
Elimination reactions in dimethyl sulfoxide solution. The effective base with potassium tert-butoxide.

Abstract Deuterium labeling studies have established that elimination of a cyclooctylammonium iodide with dimsyl anion in DMSO proceeds through an ylide intermediate while elimination with KOC(CH 3 ) 3 in DMSO involves an E2 mechanism. The effective base with KOC(CH 3 ) 3 /DMSO is shown to be the alkoxide ion.
Regiospecific and stereoselective syntheses of hydroxycyclohexyltriphenyltin compounds

Abstract The syntheses of the cis- and trans-isomers of 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxycyclohexyl-triphenyltin compounds was accomplished using regio- and stereo-selective reactions such as an epoxide—LiAlH4 ring opening, hydroboration—oxidation and other selective methods.
Integrating complexity in the management of human-wildlife encounters

Abstract The unpredictability of human behavior toward wildlife, coupled with changes in human behavior over space and time, are integral challenges of today's wildlife managers to meet administrative mandates. These challenges are exacerbated by extensive urban development and human population growth along with recent successes in wildlife conservation, leading to increasing encounters, and conflicts, between humans and wildlife. Thus, wildlife management is increasingly concerned with managing the co-existence of people and wildlife in a diminishing wild. However, attempting to analyze human–wildlife encounters, or solve human–wildlife conflicts, continues to be problematic. No structured behavior theory exists on how to address these management challenges. This study is a first attempt to do so through assembling and analyzing existing social-psychological, human-environment, and human–wildlife behavior theories and models in regard to their relevance to human–wildlife encounters. We illustrate the need to move from individualistic social and ecological approaches to an integrated complexity-theory based approach. We argue that human–wildlife encounters can only be understood and modified toward resilient relationships when treated as a complex social-ecological system. Key factors identified across literature impacting formation of positive and negative perceptions and behavior decision-making during an encounter are: cognition and emotions formed through beliefs and experiences across scales, barriers and benefits to specific behavior choices, and social thresholds. Using this multi-disciplinary approach, models and theories are drawn upon to develop the Integrated Adaptive Behavior Model of human–wildlife encounters.
Content-driven navigation of large databases

Advances in digital storage technology and processing speed have made feasible the creation of large databases with rapid access to individual items stored therein. While many databases still comprise textual and numeric information, an increasing number are genuinely multi-media. A desirable - and attainable - goal of such diverse databases is to retrieve information from them in a manner that is minimally constrained by the medium in which the query is started. Consider a purely imaginary example: a database of the world's endangered species. For any single entry, we might expect any or all of the following: Still images, e.g. of the species in its natural habitat; Video clips, showing aspects of behaviour; Sound recordings; Textual descriptions; Numeric data, such as statistics. If we are navigating this database, and arrive at one of these items of information, we naturally expect to be able to move smoothly to any of the others that relate to the same species. In this paper, we will concentrate on visual methods for navigating such multi-media collections but, to begin with, we briefly review some of the available strategies for searching large databases.
An examination of the factor structure of the Social Skills Rating System parent elementary form.

Although previous studies have questioned the factor structure of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), it continues to be one of the most prominent measures used to assess child social skills. Previous examinations of the SSRS have been conducted on samples that differ demographically from the standardization sample. The present study presents a factor analysis of the SSRS parent elementary form, social skills domain, in a sample of 298 non-referred children. Similar to previous research, the factor structure proposed by the authors of the SSRS was not replicated. An alternative 2-factor model based on previous research also did not adequately fit the data. Other psychometric properties, such as the range of interitem correlations, were evaluated and did not meet suggested guidelines for test construction. Despite its psychometric difficulties, the SSRS was related to history of treatment for peer difficulties.
Low Complexity Out-of-Order Issue Logic Using Static Circuits

In this paper a single-cycle issue queue circuit architecture that simplifies the wakeup and selection logic is proposed. The micro-architecture and fully static CMOS circuits are presented for a 32-entry queue that issues four instructions per cycle. The instruction-ready signals are divided into groups and processed in parallel to issue the four oldest ready instructions. The complete issue queue and prioritization logic requires 20 inversions, allowing simulated circuit operation at over 4 GHz in a foundry 45 nm SOI fabrication process.
The neurobiology of psychopathy

Numerous studies have tackled the complex challenge of understanding the neural substrates of psychopathy, revealing that brain abnormalities exist on several levels and in several structures. As we discover more about complex neural networks, it becomes increasingly difficult to clarify how these systems interact with each other to produce the distinct pattern of behavioral and personality characteristics observed in psychopathy. The authors review the recent research on the neurobiology of psychopathy, beginning with molecular neuroscience work and progressing to the level of brain structures and their connectivity. Potential factors that may affect the development of brain impairments, as well as how some systems may be targeted for potential treatment, are discussed.
A comparison of the effectiveness of protein denaturants for beta-lactoglobulin and ribonuclease.

Abstract An improved method for comparing protein denaturants is described. Enough urea is added to a solution of protein so that the equilibrium constant for the native ⇌ denatured equilibrium is around 0.25. Small amounts of the denaturant of interest are then added to shift the equilibrium and this is monitored by measuring the optical rotation. The major advantages of this approach are, first, that the reaction being studied is approximately the same for each denaturant; and, second, a two-state mechanism can be assumed with some assurance so that the dependence of the free energy of denaturation, ΔG D , on denaturant concentration can be determined. Two proteins which differ markedly in polarity, β-lactoglobulin and ribonuclease, were used for the studies reported here. For most of the compounds tested, the dependence of ΔG D on denaturant concentration is linear and the slopes of these plots vary from −230 to −7430 cal/mol/ m . Alkyl ureas are better denaturants than amides which are better denaturants than alcohols and for each series the denaturing ability increases with increasing alkyl chain length, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, 1,1′-ethylenediurea, and thiourea are all more potent denaturants than guandidine hydrochloride and may prove useful in protein research. Propylene carbonate is approximately equivalent to urea as a protein denaturant and has several other properties which should make it a useful solvent for proteins. On the basis of nonlinear plots of ΔG D vs denaturant, it is suggested that native β-lactoglobulin has specific binding sites for guanidinium and acetamidinium ions and for dichloro- and trifluoroacetate ions.
(+)-3-Oxo-1,2,3,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthrene-10a-carboxylic acid : catemeric hydrogen bonding in a δ-keto acid

The crystal structure of the title compound (C 15 H 14 O 3 ) involves hydrogen-bonding catemers, with hydrogen bonds progressing from the carboxyl group of each molecule to the ketone group of a screw-related neighbor [O…O = 2.604 (3) A]. This creates two parallel centrosymmetrically related single-strand hydrogen-bonding helices proceeding in the b direction through the chosen cell. Two intermolecular C=O...H-C close contacts were found, one involving the acid (2.39 A) and one, the ketone (2.58 A). A close contact was also found between a methylene C-H and the center of the aromatic π-cloud in a centrosymmetrically related molecule.
Delayed intracranial delivery of a nitric oxide donor from a controlled-release polymer prevents experimental cerebral vasospasm in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE Decreased local availability of nitric oxide (NO) may mediate chronic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous reports have shown that early treatment with NO prevents vasospasm in animals. We evaluated the efficacy of controlled-release polymers that contain the NO donor diethylenetriamine (DETA-NO) for the delayed treatment of vasospasm in a rabbit model of SAH. METHODS DETA-NO 20% (wt/wt) was incorporated into ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVAc) polymers. Animals (n = 52) were randomized to two experimental groups. In the first group (n = 32), animals received SAH and implantation of either 20% DETA-NO/EVAc polymer at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of DETA-NO (n = 16) or empty EVAc polymer (n = 16). Polymers were implanted 24 (n = 16) or 48 hours (n = 16) after SAH. In the second group (n = 20), animals received SAH and implantation of either 20% DETA-NO/EVAc polymer at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg (n = 10) or empty EVAc (n = 10). Polymers were implanted 24 (n = 10) or 48 hours (n = 10) after SAH. An additional group (n = 16) underwent either sham operation (n = 6) or SAH only (n = 10). Animals were killed 3 days after hemorrhage, and the basilar arteries were processed for morphometric measurements. Results were analyzed using Student's t test. RESULTS Treatment with 20% DETA-NO/EVAc polymers at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg significantly increased basilar artery lumen patency when administered at 24 (97 +/- 6% versus 73 +/- 10%; P = 0.0396) or 48 hours (94 +/- 6% versus 71 +/- 9%; P = 0.03) after SAH. Treatment with 20% DETA-NO/EVAc polymers at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg administered 48 hours after SAH significantly increased lumen patency (82 +/- 8% versus 68 +/- 12%; P = 0.03); a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, 24 hours after SAH, did not reach statistical significance (74 +/- 7% versus 65 +/- 9%; P = 0.16). The SAH-only group had a lumen patency of 67 +/- 12%. CONCLUSION Delayed treatment of SAH with controlled-release DETA-NO polymers prevented experimental posthemorrhagic vasospasm in the rabbit. This inhibition was dose-dependent. This further confirms the role of NO in the pathogenesis of vasospasm.
Colorectal cancer-screening tests and associated health behaviors

Abstract Background: Studies have shown that screening reduces colorectal cancer mortality. We analyzed national survey data to determine rates of use of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and sigmoidoscopy, and to determine if these rates differ by demographic factors and other health behaviors. Methods: A total of 52,754 respondents aged ≥50 years were questioned in the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey (a random-digit-dialing telephone survey of the non-institutionalized U.S. population) about their use of FOBT and sigmoidoscopy. Results: The age-adjusted proportion of respondents who reported having had a colorectal cancer screening test during the recommended time interval (past year for FOBT and past 5 years for sigmoidoscopy) was 19.8% for FOBT, 30.5% for sigmoidoscopy, and 41.1% for either FOBT or sigmoidoscopy. Rates of use of colorectal cancer screening tests were higher for those who had other screening tests (mammography, Papanicolaou smear, and cholesterol check). There were also differences in rates of use of colorectal cancer screening tests according to other health behaviors (smoking, seat belt use, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity) and several demographic factors. However, none of the subgroups that we examined reported a rate of FOBT use above 29% within the past year or a rate of sigmoidoscopy use above 41% within the past 5 years. Conclusions: While rates of use of FOBT and sigmoidoscopy were higher among people who practiced other healthy behaviors, rates of use were still quite low in all subgroups. There is a need for increased awareness of the importance of colorectal cancer screening.
Enhancement of ICRP's Lung Deposition Model for Pathogenic Bioaerosols

Terrorist attacks using pathogenic bioaerosols pose a significant public-health threat. Modeling the risk associated with such attacks is valuable from the standpoint of disaster preparedness. To attain greater flexibility in bioterrorism risk modeling, we have developed an open-source lung deposition code based on the International Committee for Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 66 (ICRP 1994). This article describes modifications to ICRP's lung deposition model to fit the bioaerosol context and discusses the impact of exposure from a few monodisperse pathogenic toxins such as botulinum toxin, influenza virus, and Bacillus anthracis to infants and adults. As most existing commercial lung deposition codes are not open-source, this code provides users a platform template that can be modified to meet their needs.
Comparison of some lipoxidases and their mechanism of action

The comparative properties of lipoxidases from urd beans, mung beans, wheat, and peanuts have been determined and discussed. Evidence has been presented to suggest the participation, of essential thiol groups in urd-bean and mung-bean lipoxidase catalysis but not in soybean, wheat, pea, and peanut lipoxidase catalysis. This suggests the possible occurrence of two types of lipoxidases in nature. On the basis of these and other available experimental results, mechanisms for lipoxidase catalysis are proposed.
Broviac catheter-related Malassezia furfur sepsis in five infants receiving intravenous fat emulsions

Malassezia furfur , a lipophilic fungus commonly found on the skin of healthy adults, was isolated from Broviac catheter blood cultures in five sick infants who were receiving fat emulsions intravenously. The most common manifestations of sepsis included apnea and bradycardia, low-grade fever, interstitial pneumonia, elevated neutrophil band counts, and thrombocytopenia. All infants recovered without antifungal therapy after removal of the Broviac catheters. Early onset of fungemia after catheter placement in these five infants and the recovery of M. furfur from the skin of nearly 33% of hospitalized premature neonates indicate that contamination of the Broviac catheter at time of placement may be the most likely origin of infection.
Application of superconvergence to problems in the simulation of miscible displacement

Abstract Application of superconvergence along Gauss lines is considered in the context of problems in the simulation of the miscible displacement of one fluid by another in a porous medium. A simple computational procedure allows the superconvergence property of the fluid velocity to be retained in our total algorithm.
Body Positive A New Treatment for Persistent Body Image Disturbances in Partially Recovered Eating Disorders

Four women who had previously undergone extensive treatment for an eating disorder but continued to have persistent body image disturbances participated in a new body image therapy program, called ...
Chemistry of the Solar Nebula

The composition, mineralogy and texture of chondritic meteorites suggest they are relatively unaltered relicts of the condensation and accretion processes which took place in the primitive solar nebula. Chondrites thus are thought to contain a unique record of the physico-chemical conditions which prevailed at the time and place (asteroid belt) of their origin. Elemental abundance patterns are an important clue to the events and processes. Most elements can be placed in one of four groups according to their observed fractionation behavior in chondritic material: refractory, siderophile, normally depleted and strongly depleted. This grouping can be explained in terms of four events which presumably took place during cooling, condensation and accretion in the nebula. In order of inferred occurrence these are: (1) partial loss of the initial condensates rich in refractory elements at T > 1300K, (2) partial loss of metallic Fe-Ni grains, perhaps because they were magnetic, at 1000 to 700K, (3) partial remelting and outgassing of the condensate (chondrule formation) at 600 to 350K, and (4) accretion, when the P — T conditions controlled the volatile content (500 to 350K). Total gas pressure at the time and place of accretion is estimated to fall between 10−6 and 10−4 atm.
Investigation of Single Event Induced Soft Errors in Programmable Metallization Cell Memory

Programmable metallization cell (PMC) devices belong to a class of non-volatile ionic resistive memory devices that have already demonstrated tolerance to high total doses of ionizing radiation. In this work, the susceptibility of integrated 1T-1R PMC memory array to ion strike induced single event upsets is analyzed. Circuit simulations that model single event transients in 1T-1R elements are performed using a PMC compact model which captures the voltage driven resistance change mechanism experimentally observed in such devices. The relationship between incident ion LET and change in PMC resistance and its consequent susceptibility to an upset is investigated through both simulation and experiment.
Synthesis of 9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)hypoxanthine. the first direct introduction of a 2'-β-fluoro substituent in preformed purine nucleosides. studies directed toward the synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-substituted arabinonucleosides. 8

Abstract The 3′, 5′-di-O-acetyl-, 3′-, 5′-di-O-balzyl-, 3′-O-acety -5-O-trityl- and 3′-, 5′ -di-O-trityl-2′-O-triflyl-1-benzylhnosine (8c, 15, 20C, and 27, respectively) were prepared and subjected to nucleophilic reaction with TASF. Thus, 3′, 5′-O-(1, 1, 3, 3-tetraisopropyldisiloxanyl)-1-benzylinosine (5c) was triflylated, desilylated, and then acetylated to give 8c. Also, 5c was converted into the 2′-O-tetrahydropyrnyl (W) derivative 11 which was desilylated and then benzylated to give 2′-O-tetrahydropyranyl-O3′, O5′, N1-tribenzylinosine (13). Removal of the THP group from 13 followed by triflylation afforded 2′-O-triflyld-O3′,O5′ N1-tribenzylinosine (15). 3′-O-Acetyl-2′ -O-triflyl-,O5′,N1-inosine (20) was prepared frmn 5′ -O-trityl-1-benzylhh (18c) by conversion into the 2′-, 3′-O-(di-n-butylstannylene) derivative which was treated with triflyl chloride and then acetylated. Treatment of 1-benzyl-inosine (4c) with trityl chloride in pyridine containing p-dimethylamino-pyridine afforded a mixture of 2′-,...
Users request help from advisory systems with simple and restricted language: effects of real-time constraints and limited shared context

In this descriptive and exploratory study, 32 users type help requests to what they believe is a computerized advisor. In fact, the advisor is a human mimicking realistic levels of intelligence and knowledge that can be expected from a computerized advisor. Results show that users request help with a very simple and restricted language that is characteristic of language generated under real-time production constraints and of child language. Moreover, users' utterances are frequently ungrammatical. It is hypothesized that these features arise from factors intrinsic to typed advisory situations: Users are performing a primary task under real-time constraints, and typing help requests is a secondary task. On the other hand, users refer to objects and events with very precise descriptions instead of faster-to-type pronouns; they produce very few ellipses and deictic expressions. Future research should elucidate whether shared context between users and computerized advisors needs to be richer than created in this study to sustain the use of expressions whose interpretations depend on context. The tuning of natural language interfaces to the features observed in this study may increase the usefulness of natural language interfaces to advisory systems. The presented methodology is a promising tool for further studies of these factors on users' language.
Mentoring adjunct faculty using the cornerstones of effective communication and practice

Online teaching in higher education is growing at an exponential rate and it will continue to escalate. Powerful tools of technology have been delivering instruction in unprecedented ways, yet these are only as effective as the masters of this craft. Those using technology to teach online in increasing numbers are educational leadership adjunct professors in particular. Adjunct faculty members can comprise most of or even all of a university department’s faculty and they often carry heavier responsibilities than regular faculty for distance education and hybrid instruction. Clearly, the time has come for colleges and universities with online programs to provide mentoring that assures the success of their greatest teaching force, its adjunct faculty. Herein the authors describe four primary needs, articulated as cornerstones, comprising effective mentoring programs for educational leadership adjuncts. Four cornerstones or vitally important elements for the successful online teaching experience of adjuncts ...
Crisis of conscience, riddle of identity. Making space for a cognitive approach to religious phenomena

L'anthropologie et l'histoire des religions sont deux disciplines en crise. Derriere cette crise, se profilent des problemes epistemologiques. La seconde partie de l'article examine la crise de l'anthropologie au regard de sa complicite avec le colonialisme. La troisieme partie s'attaque au probleme qu'affronte l'histoire des religions, c'est a dire la place qu'elle prend parmi les autres disciplines; l'A. pretend qu'elle doit absolument se detacher de sa pretention theologique. La quatrieme partie s'interesse aux implications de l'hermeneutique sur les textes et les traditions en histoire des religions. Enfin, l'A. suggere aux chercheurs en histoire des religions d'emprunter aux sciences cognitives
Cross-Species Functionome Analysis Identifies Proteins Associated with DNA Repair, Translation and Aerobic Respiration as Conserved Modulators of UV-Toxicity

Cellular responses to DNA damage can prevent mutations and death. In this study, we have used high throughput screens and developed a comparative genomic approach, termed Functionome mapping, to discover conserved responses to UVC-damage. Functionome mapping uses gene ontology (GO) information to link proteins with similar biological functions from different organisms, and we have used it to compare 303, 311 and 288 UVC-toxicity modulating proteins from Escherichia coli, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. We have demonstrated that all three organisms use DNA repair, translation and aerobic respiration associated processes to modulate the toxicity of UVC, with these last two categories highlighting the importance of ribosomal proteins and electron transport machinery. Our study has demonstrated that comparative genomic approaches can be used to identify conserved responses to damage, and suggest roles for translational machinery and components of energy metabolism in optimizing the DNA damage response.
Turning around low-performing private universities in China: A perspective of organisational ecology

While China has a long history of private institutions of higher learning, they disappeared almost entirely after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and did not re-emerge until the 1980s. Their reappearance is one of the ramifications of economic marketisation and privatisation in China. But private higher education institutions are now facing new challenges and competition in the education system. Approximately 500 of them were shut down between 2000 and 2009 for financial, legal or other reasons. Looking through the theoretical lens of organisational ecology – a sociological theory that applies ecological principles to organisational studies – this paper traces how the social and economic environment induced the re-emergence of private universities in China and how it has had an impact on their non-linear pattern of development. Using a number of relevant theory fragments from the overarching framework of organisational ecology as tools, the author then explores possible strategies for turning around low-performing private universities in China.
Oatmeal facials and sock wrestling: the perils and promises of extra-curricular strategies for ‘fixing’ boys' education

Advocates for boys' education have forwarded numerous ‘fixes’ for boys' supposed educational woes, including both academic and non-academic programs and strategies. This article focuses on the lesser-discussed non-academic, extra-curricular means suggested, specifically outdoor education. Using qualitative analysis of an Australian school's outdoor education program, I demonstrate that outdoor and other non-academic sites and strategies for addressing boys' education have particular gendered dangers alongside progressive possibilities. The dangers include reproducing dominant masculinist gender regimes through social interaction, requirements for gendered self-disclosure, and philosophies of the ‘uses’ of nature. Progressive possibilities, conversely, include re-imagining outdoor education as a space for explicit resistance to gender or reimagining the uses of nature to eschew gender altogether.
Enzymology of cottonseed microsomal N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine synthase: Kinetic properties and mechanism-based inactivation

Abstract An ATP-, Ca 2+ -, and CoA-independent acyltransferase activity, designated “ N -acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) synthase”, was reported to catalyze the direct acylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) with free fatty acids (FFAs) in cottonseed microsomes [K.D. Chapman, T.S. Moore, Jr., Plant Physiol. 102 (3) (1993) 761–769]. Here, NAPE synthase was purified 138,176-fold from crude cottonseed homogenates to a specific activity of 5.98 μmol min −1 mg −1 protein by immobilized artificial membrane chromatography. Enzyme purity was confirmed by the presence of a 64 kDa polypeptide in fractions analyzed by tricine-SDS-PAGE. Initial velocity measurements with various free fatty acids ( [ 14 C ] -linoleic, -palmitic, -oleic, -stearic and -myristic acids) and saturating concentrations of dioleoyl-PE revealed non-Michaelis–Menten, biphasic kinetics with high and low affinity sites demonstrating positive cooperativity specific for each [ 14 C ] -FFA. In contrast to FFA substrates, no kinetic differences were observed for two different molecular species of PE, (18:1,18:1)-PE and (16:0,18:2)-PE, and biphasic curves were not pronounced. Neither [ 14 C ] -dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine nor [ 14 C ] -palmitoyl-CoA served as acyl donors for the synthesis of NAPE, indicating a preference for FFAs as the acyl donor. Also, neither ethanolamine nor sphingosine functioned as acyl acceptor molecule to form N -acylethanolamine or ceramide, respectively, indicating specificity for the phospholipid PE. NAPE synthase was inactivated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) through the apparent modification of one serine residue. Palmitic acid protected the enzyme from DFP-inactivation and [ 14 C ] -DFP incorporation, suggesting that a serine residue probably binds FFAs in the enzyme's active site forming an acyl-enzyme intermediate. Collectively, these results provide new information on the kinetic behavior of a purified, integral membrane enzyme which synthesizes a bilayer-stabilizing product from two lipid-soluble substrates. The biochemical properties of cottonseed NAPE synthase are consistent with a possible free fatty acid scavenging role in vivo.
Weighted update method for spectral mode shape estimation from PMU measurements

A method of tracking a power system's electromechanical mode shape and coherence over time is presented. It uses an algorithm of weighted-updates to efficiently compute an existing spectral estimation algorithm. The advantage of this over other mode shape estimators is that it overcomes the assumption that the system being estimated is stationary. The relationship between spectral densities and mode shape and coherence is reviewed. The method is applied to both a simulated system and measured data from the western North American power system. It is shown to accurately track the mode shape and coherence over time in the presence of a major system configuration change.
A AAAA model to support science gateways with community accounts

Science gateways have emerged as a concept for allowing large numbers of users in communities to easily access high-performance computing resources which previously required a steep learning curve to utilize. In order to reduce the complexity of managing access for these communities, which can often be large and dynamic, the concept of community accounts is being considered. This paper proposes a security model for community accounts, organized by the four As of security: Authentication, Authorization, Auditing and Accounting. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triethylenemelamine: induction of specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of heterokaryon 12 of Neurospora crassa

The mutagenicity of the trifunctional alkylating (or cross-linking) agent TEM (triethylenemelamine or 2,4,6-tris(1-aziridinyl)-1,3,5-triazine) in the adenine-3 (ad-3) region was studied with a two-component heterokaryon (H-12) of Neurospora crassa. The objective was to characterize the genetic damage produced by this chemical to determine the spectrum of specific-locus mutations induced in a lower eukaryotic organism and to compare this spectrum with that induced in the mouse. Specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of strain H-12 result from gene/point mutations, multiple-locus mutations, and multilocus deletion mutations at the closely linked ad-3A and ad-3B loci. These loci control two sequential biochemical reactions in the purine biosynthetic pathway. A 0.1 M solution of TEM was used to treat conidial suspensions of H-12 for 20, 40, 80, 120, or 170 min to obtain dose-response curves for (1) inactivation of conidia, and (2) the induction of specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region. These experiments demonstrated that TEM is a strong mutagen (maximum forward-mutation frequency between 100 and 1000 ad-3 mutations per 10(6) survivors) for the induction of specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region. Both biochemical and classical genetic tests were used to characterize the TEM-induced ad-3 mutations from each of the five treatment groups to distinguish between the different genotypic classes and subclasses. The overall data base from these genetic studies demonstrates that TEM-induced ad-3 mutations result predominantly (95.5% [769/805]) from gene/point mutations at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci, and from a low percentage (4.5% [36/805) of multilocus deletion mutations. In addition, TEM induces an unusually high frequency of multiple-locus mutations with sites of recessive lethal damage closely linked with the ad-3 region. Comparison of the dose-response curves for the major classes and subclasses of TEM-induced ad-3 mutations demonstrates (1) that gene/point mutations and multilocus deletion mutations increase as the 1.4 power of TEM treatment time, and (2) that the two classes of TEM-induced multiple-locus ad-3 mutations consisting of gene/point mutations with separate sites of recessive lethal damage increase at about the 1.96 power of TEM treatment time. When the data from the present specific-locus studies are compared with those in the mouse, we find, insofar as such comparisons are possible, that a similar spectrum of specific-locus mutations has been induced by TEM in each assay system.
Antimicrobial activity of juglone.

The juice of freshly macerated unripe hulls of the black walnut (Juglans nigra) has been used for many years in folk medicine as a treatment for localized, topical fungal infections such as ringworm. It has been proposed that the biological activity of the walnut hulls is due to the presence of the simple naphthoquinone, juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), which has been isolated from the unripe hulls by sublimation. Since the fresh juice of unripe walnut hulls is utilized for the treatment of ringworm, and since it has been speculated that the activity is due to the presence of juglone, it was of interest to determine the efficacy of juglone as compared to standard commercially available antifungal agents. The comparative efficacy was determined by evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of juglone and the standard antifungal agents clotrimazole, triacetin, tolnaftate, griseofulvin, zinc undecylenate, selenium sulfide as well as two investigational antifungal antibiotics, liriodenine and liriodenine methiodide, for two dermatophytes, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum. MIC values for juglone showed it to have moderate antifungal activity and to be as effective as certain commercially available antifungal agents such as zinc undecylenate and selenium sulfide.
The Role of Narratives in Consumer Information Processing

Participants estimated the attractiveness of vacations described in 2 travel brochures. The information about 1 vacation was conveyed in a narrative that described the sequence of events that would occur. In contrast, information about the other vacation was conveyed in an ostensibly unorganized list. Vacations were generally evaluated more favorably when they were described in a narrative than when their features were simply listed. Moreover, this difference increased when (a) negative features of the vacations were mentioned, (b) pictures accompanied the text information, or (c) recipients were encouraged to imagine themselves having the experiences described. Although narrative forms of information elicited more extreme affective reactions than list forms, this did not account for the difference in their effectiveness. Rather, the advantage of narratives was attributed to (a) their structural similarity to information acquired through daily life experiences and (b) the use of a holistic—as opposed to a piecemeal—strategy for computing judgments.
A Controlled-Atmosphere Plasma Arc for Emission Spectrography of Nonmetal Elements

To estimate the weight-percents of certain nonmetal elements in organic compounds found in petroleum reservoirs, the Bureau of Mines designed and constructed a controlledatmosphere plasma arc which effectively excludes air from the plasma. Selected organic compounds that contained nonmetal elements were mixed with a solvent essentially free of those elements. The weightpercents of the nonmetal elements were estimated from the diatomic spectral bands produced; results were reasonably accurate. Analytical working curves were prepared for nitrogen in the range from 15 to 450 micrograms for 100-milligram samples using the analytical carbon-nitrogen band at 3883 A and the internal standard carbon-carbon band at 3607 A. Curves also were prepared for hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen that had limited sensitivity to detection. Another indicated application of this plasma arc is for characterization of high-boiling petroleum fractions in liquid chromatographic effluents. The rates at which diatomic species are produced and destroyed directly influence the intensity of each corresponding band spectrum.
Translocation t(11;22) in esthesioneuroblastoma

Esthesioneuroblastoma is an exceedingly rare malignant neuroectodermal tumor of olfactory epithelium origin. We have performed cytogenetic studies on a tissue culture line established from a metastatic lesion in one such patient and observed that, among several chromosomal abnormalities, the cells contained a reciprocal translocation, t(11;22)(q24;q12), indistinguishable from the one that has been reported in Ewing's sarcoma, Askin's tumor, and peripheral neuroepithelioma. The uniqueness of this marker suggests that these tumors may be derived from the same type of stem cell, with varying histopathologic and clinical manifestations.
Role of femoral vessel catheterization and altered hemostasis in the development of extraperitoneal hematomas: CT study in 44 patients

To ascertain the role of femoral vessel catheterization and altered hemostasis in the development of extraperitoneal hematomas, we evaluated CT scans to study the locations of extraperitoneal hematomas in three distinct clinical settings: (1) after femoral vessel catheterization with concurrent altered hemostasis due to anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and/or antiplatelet therapy (catheterized-altered hemostasis group); (2) after femoral vessel catheterization without altered hemostasis (catheterized group); and (3) with no history of femoral vessel catheterization, with or without altered hemostasis caused by a bleeding diathesis or pharmacotherapy (uncatheterized group).Forty-four patients were identified who had CT evidence of extraperitoneal hematomas. Twenty-four were in the catheterized-altered hemostasis group, one was in the catheterized group, and 19 were in the uncatheterized group. CT scans were evaluated for anatomic subspace involvement by hemorrhage and for the presence or absence of contiguity ...
Algorithm 738: a software package for unconstrained optimization using tensor methods

This paper describes a software package for finding the unconstrained minimizer of a nonlinear function of n variables. The package is intended for problems where n is not too large—say, n 100—so that the cost of storing one n × n matrix, and factoring it at each iteration, is acceptable. The software allows the user to choose between a recently developed “tensor method” for unconstrained optimization and an analogous standard method based on a quadratic model. The tensor method bases each iteration on a specially constructed fourth-order model of the objective function not significantly more expensive to form, store, or solve than the standard quadratic model. In our experience, the tensor method requires significantly fewer iterations and function evaluations to solve most unconstrained optimization problems than standard methods based on quadratic models, and also solves a somewhat wider range of problems. For these reasons, it may be a useful addition to numerical software libraries.
The spatial structure of production with a Leontief technology

Abstract The structure of the optimal spatial pattern of production is studied when there are interdependencies among production units which can be described by a Leontief technology, and when there is a single marketplace of final demand, the CBD. Transportation cost is proportional to distance. It is shown that the various goods are produced in rings which can be ranked by distance from the CBD independently of the levels of final demand. Furthermore shipment of goods for meeting intermediate and final demand can only be in the direction of the CBD and no shipment of goods towards the periphery can occur. A finite algorithm is given for the construction of the optimal pattern and for determining a system of f.o.b. prices and land rents which sustain it as a competitive equilibrium.
Resistance of a VEGF-producing tumor to anti-VEGF antibody: unimpeded growth of human rhabdoid tumor xenografts.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK) is a lethal malignancy of childhood for which there currently are no effective therapies. Because vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is nearly ubiquitous in human tumors, the authors hypothesized that a xenograft model of RTK would (1) express VEGF and (2) respond to anti-VEGF intervention. Methods: A total of 2 [times ] 10 6 cultured RTK cells were implanted intrarenally (G-401) in athymic mice. Control/treated animals received either vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS) or anti-VEGF antibody (anti-VEGF) for 5 weeks (n = 20, 17, respectively). Vasculature was mapped by angiography and immunostaining. Apoptosis was assessed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, VEGF expression examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and tumor weights compared by Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Results: Mean tumor weights were not altered significantly by anti-VEGF (0.78-g, controls v 0.56-g treated tumors; P value, not significant). Grossly, xenografts grew in a novel manner, encasing rather than invading the kidney, and did not metastasize. PECAM-1 immunostaining and fluorescein angiography showed similar vascularity in control and treated xenografts. Both apoptosis and VEGF expression were unchanged in treated specimens. Conclusions: Unexpectedly, growth of RTK xenografts was not inhibited by specific anti-VEGF antibody, although these tumors express significant amounts of VEGF. In addition, RTK vasculature, apoptosis, and VEGF expression were not substantially altered by anti-VEGF antibody. These results suggest that tumor-derived VEGF is of highly variable importance in different malignancies.
Tagged architecture and the semantics of programming languages: Extensible types

This research note suggests that before we design hardware or software for the task of problem solving, we re-evaluate the task of problem solving in terms of the linguistic constituents which will be required and the manner in which these linguistic constituents will be combined. Utilizing the principles of composition and abstraction-to-specifics, we conclude that all data and programs might be realized in a structured format called messages. We conclude with a few preliminary thoughts and questions as to how an architecture designed for such structured operands and operators might be designed.
Rural Entrepreneurship: One Key to Rural Revitalization

The changing structure of traditional rural industries and the impacts of those changes on rural communities have been sources of concern to many groups interested in the welfare of rural areas. Income and employment declines in agriculture, other natural resourcebased industries, and in manufacturing have left few rural areas and sectors of the rural economy untouched (Henry, Drabenstott, and Gibson; Drabenstott, Henry, and Gibson). Additional employment opportunities are needed to utilize labor and management resources in rural areas. As a result, there is increasing interest in the potential for rural entrepreneurs to start new businesses and generate economic activity. Most new rural businesses are expected to be small, and many may be started by persons employed in farming or other traditional rural occupations on a part-time or full-time basis. Unfortunately, the failure rate of new, small businesses is high. Information about factors contributing to successful entrepreneurship may reduce failures and costs for those who would be entrepreneurs. More needs to be known about the personal traits and behavior patterns associated with successful entrepreneurs, about the influence of community institutions on the success rate of entrepreneurs, about the types of business that are sustainable in rural areas, and about the potential of entrepreneurs to make rural communities viable.
Using an Informal Cardiovascular System Activity to Study the Effectiveness of Science Education in Unexpected Places

Venues for informal science education are usually those sought out by people who are specifically looking for an educational experience. Whether planning a trip to a museum or choosing a television program, these individuals are actively seeking an informal educational experience; they are a self-selected group. This paper investigates whether members of the public will respond to an informal science activity that is placed in a location where learning about science would be unexpected. This project developed and used an activity about the cardiovascular system in which participants were able to walk the path of blood flow through the heart, body, and lungs. This activity was tested in two types of settings: where science was either expected or unexpected. A non-traditional assessment method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the activity in the unexpected versus the expected settings. Ultimately, the activity was found to be equally effective in both settings, providing evidence for success in bringing informal science education to the general population in non-traditional venues.
Selecting Groups of Sires by Computer to Maximize Herd Breeding Goals

Abstract A computerized linear program, MAXBULL, selects sires for dairymen to obtain maximum Predicted Difference milk while maintaining other goals. Goals are minimum average Predicted Differences fat percent and type, six individual type traits, and maximum average semen price. Individual traits for bulls are coded +1, 0, −1 according to evaluations from breed associations. Dairymen restrict bulls offered to the program by specifying unacceptable repeatability, Predicted Differences, and price. They further control breed, stud organizations, minimum bull numbers, use of sires with low repeatability (
Identifying coronary-prone behavior in adolescents using the Bortner Self-Rating Scale.

Abstract Brief measures to identify coronary-prone (Type-A) behavior in young persons are greatly needed for longitudinal epidemiologic study of cardiovascular diseases. We examined the suitability of a modified 14-item Bortner Self-rating Scale (ABS) for use in an adolescent population. Responses of 549 racially mixed, low to middle income urban high school students were analyzed to see if ABS measurement properties matched those of the parent version. Construct validity was explored by correlating ABS scores with measures of anger expression, social support, life satisfaction, academic achievement and blood pressure. Results disclosed that the distribution and factor structure of adolescent ABS responses closely resembled findings obtained with adults. Scale validity was supported by significant associations of ABS scores with degree of overt anger expression, lack of social support, and dissatisfaction with school and life in general. Academic achievement and blood pressure were found not to correlate with adolescent ABS scores. Possible race and sex differences are considered.