cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
187 IMPROVING NUTRITION EDUCATION OF LOW-INCOME FAMILIES USING CULTURALLY RELEVANT PATIENT MATERIALS.

Purpose of Study The Community Health Center in Auburn, Washington, is witnessing a growing number of obese and overweight patients. This trend is consistent with the growing number of cases of diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic illnesses. Current educational materials directed at preventing obesity through diet and exercise are not designed for Spanish-speakers or people of low socioeconomic status, which account for the majority of patients served by the clinic. Methods An interview with a nutritional counselor was conducted to gather information about current dietary recommendations and strategies for successful diets. Patients were consulted as part of an educational needs assessment to learn about issues affecting eating habits. Results Convenience and cost were the primary factors influencing the types of foods people eat. Additionally, lack of knowledge about labeling and ingredients affects people9s ability to choose healthy foods. For Spanish-speaking patients, language and unfamiliarity with American food affect their eating habits. As a result of these findings, culturally appropriate flashcards were created for English- and Spanish-speaking low-income households to assist them in eating healthfully and economical. Flashcards were distributed during Kids Fair, an event offering free well-child examinations to kids less than 18 years of age. Patients and their parents were educated about nutrition and exercise in Spanish and English and were encouraged to bring the cards to the supermarket for help in choosing cheap and healthy foods. Additional flashcards were left in the clinic waiting room for future distribution. Conclusion Patient feedback is a valuable resource for developing and improving educational materials. Culturally relevant materials that address the specific needs of a community can facilitate behavioral changes and improve health.
The Design and Implementation of Subject Information Analysis Tool Based on SCIE and ESI

Taking SCIE as studying pool,we use ESI indicators data to establish the subject of information analysis tools and analyze the academic influence and the distribution of papers in 22 subject fields of Essential Science Indicators(ESI) by the bibliometrics and intelligence research method in order to track the trend of the development of subject,evaluate the subjects and RD,adjust and optimize the subject construction plans to provide evidence.
Bases of a Primitive Non-powerful Signed Digraph that Just Has Three Cycles

In order to further understand characteristics and properties of the bases of primitive non-powerful signed digraph,a primitive non-powerful signed digraph with three cycles are studied in this work.By analyzing the features of the digraph,using apagoge and knowledge about primitive exponents,point exponents,bases,Frobenius set,powerful,non-powerful and "distinguished cycle pair",then the true values of bases are got.
Endoscopy in cancer diagnosis and management.

Three endoscopic techniques are especially relevant for patients with known or suspected cancer: peritoneoscopy, colonoscopy, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The clinical indications for their employment are clear-cut. They include detection of liver metastases, staging of lymphoma and ovarian cancer, polypectomy, and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Moving from face-to-face to online teaching

Transitioning from face-to-face to online teaching can be challenging but is also rewarding. It is challenging to create a sense of social presence so that the online student feels a part of the learning community. It is difficult to assess the level of student learning and to regularly communicate with them without being face-to-face. Online students may require constant feedback and clarifications on difficult concepts which can be very time consuming for the faculty. The paper will discuss creative instructional strategies that will help faculty overcome some of the challenges and make their transition from face-to-face to online teaching an easier process. Advantages and rewards of online teaching are also discussed.
56 Peak plantar pressures during walking in chronic ankle instability and healthy patients

Background Due to the prevalence of ankle instability in active individuals, it is important to understand what characteristics patients with ankle instability exhibit during dynamic tasks. Appreciating differences in peak plantar pressures (PPP) during walking may provide insight to understanding why these patients suffer subsequent injuries. Objective Measure PPP in 3 areas of the foot during walking in those with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). Design Case-control study. Setting University biomechanics laboratory. Participants 20 physically active participants were each assigned to the CAI group (20 ± 30 years; 173.61 ± 7.84 cm; 73.91 ± 17.58 kg), 20 and to the control group (20 ± 10 years; 169.90 ± 9.50 cm; 64.53 ± 14.01 kg). Interventions At a self-selected speed, participants walked barefoot across Tekscan™ pressure mats, creating a footprint of peak pressure data. Using the Tekscan™ software, the footprint for the involved and matched control ankle was divided into 3 areas and PPP in each area were determined. Main outcome measurements PPP in medial rear-foot (MRF), lateral rear-foot (LRF) and mid-foot (MF). Results The MRF PPP was significantly higher (F = 5.25, p = 0.028) in those with CAI (Kpa 2 = 292.48 ± 40.72) compared with controls (Kpa 2 = 258.33 ± 59.79) during walking. There were no significant differences in the LRF or MF between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions This confirms previous studies which have demonstrated differences in plantar pressure of patients with CAI compared to controls. The increased medial rear-foot pressure may be the result of a protective strategy, avoiding inversion as a mechanism for subsequent injuries. More kinematic data should be collected to determine actual position of the foot at initial contact of walking gait.
Darshak: an intelligent cinematic camera planning system

A virtual camera is a powerful communicative tool in virtual environments. It is a window through which a viewer perceives the virtual world. For virtual environments with an underlying narrative component, there is a need for automated camera planning systems that account for the situational parameters of the interaction and not just the graphical arrangement of the virtual world. I propose a camera planning system called Darshak that takes as input a story in the form of sequence of events and generates a sequence of camera actions based on cinematic idioms. The camera actions, when executed in the virtual environment update a list of geometric constraints on the camera. A constraint solver then places the camera based on these constraints.
A Timed Automaton-Based Method for Accurate Computation of Circuit Delay in the Presence of Cross-Talk

We present a timed automaton-based method for accurate computation of the delays of combinational circuits. In our method, circuits are represented as networks of timed automata, one per circuit element. The state space of the network represents the evolution of the circuit over time and delay is computed by performing a symbolic traversal of this state space.
Crack Tip Behavior in Tial When Approaching Grain Boundary

Lamellar titanium-aluminum alloys (TiAl) show high stiffness, high density-normalized strength and high fatigue resistance at elevated temperature. This is a promising substitute material for high performance jet engines. TiAl has two phases: the γ (TiAl) phase and the α 2 (Ti3Al) phase. Grains (or colonies) of TiAl are in lamellar form with alternating γ and α 2 lamellae, but not necessarily in equal numbers. The mechanical properties of this material depend on the grain size, lamella orientation, etc. Intensive investigations have been carried out on the measurement of mechanical properties of TiAl (Maruyama et al. [1], Appel et al. [2], and Cao et al. [3]). However, most of them focus on the global mechanical properties of the material with either many grains together or just one large single grain because there is a lack of measurement techniques capable of mapping the local deformation at micro/nano scales. In this paper we introduce the SIEM (Speckle Interferometry with Electron Microscopy) technique (Chiang et al. [4]) to map the full field deformation around a crack tip in TiAl specimens under uniaxial tension.
Delayed recurrence of atrial fibrillation 2 years after catheter ablation is associated with metabolic syndrome

Abstract Background Whether delayed clinical recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) 2years after radiofrequency catheter ablation (CR >2-years ) is related to AF progression remains unclear. Objective We hypothesized that metabolic factors are associated with CL >2-years . Methods Among 1825 patients who underwent catheter ablation, the study included 523 patients with AF recurrence (27.2% women, mean age 57±11years, 58.3% paroxysmal AF) 3months after the ablation procedure. They were divided into the clinical recurrence within 2-years (CL ≤2-years : AF recurrence at 3–24months) and CL >2-years (AF recurrence >24months) groups. Clinical and imaging parameters and polysomnograms were compared. Results Over 42±19months of follow - up, 409 (78.2%) and 114 (21.8%) patients formed the CL ≤2-years and CL >2-years groups, respectively. The CL >2-years group had higher proportions of overweight ( p =0.004), hypertension ( p =0.049), diabetes mellitus ( p =0.037), dyslipidemia ( p =0.009), high sensitivity C-reactive protein >8mg/L ( p =0.049), and metabolic syndrome ( p =0.011) than the CL ≤2-years group. Despite no significant difference between the apnea and hypopnea indices in the CL ≤2-years ( n =97) and CL >2-years ( n =28) groups, the minimum peripheral oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the latter than the former ( p =0.032). In the multivariate analysis, overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.756, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.146–2.693, p =0.010), dyslipidemia (OR 1.587, 95% CI 1.033–2.438, p =0.035), and metabolic syndrome (OR 1.972, 95% CI 1.158–3.356, p =0.012) were independently associated with CL >2-years . Conclusions Overweight, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome are independent predictors of CL >2-years for AF after catheter ablation. CL >2-years seems to be affected by metabolic factors and can be related to AF progression.
Modulation and Commutation of a Single Stage Isolated Asymmetrical Multilevel Converter for the Integration of Renewables and Battery Energy Storage System in Ships

In upcoming all electric ships, for the integration of low-voltage renewables and battery energy storage system with the high-voltage ac distribution, a single stage isolated asymmetrical multilevel converter is advantageous for the following benefits: 1) uses medium frequency transformer (MFT), thereby eliminating the bulky line frequency transformer; hence, resulting in a smaller footprint; 2) the asymmetry introduced in the MFT turns ratio generates high number of output voltage levels with less number of converter modules; and 3) single stage conversion removes the need for a dc-link capacitor, hence, improving the power density. In this paper, a modulation technique using triangular level shifted carriers based on the medium frequency link is investigated for this topology. Unlike previously used techniques, the proposed modulation shifts the dominant harmonics in the output voltage to the sidebands of multiples of twice the switching frequency, thereby reducing the output filter size. The incorporation of the switch nonidealities requires the implementation of a commutation strategy for the single stage conversion. A detailed circuit analysis showing different modes of operation to generate a specific output voltage level, considering the switch nonidealites is outlined in this paper. The analysis aids in the real-time implementation of the converter, and it also explains the distortion in the ideal output voltage profile. The analysis in general can be used for any isolated single stage converter. Simulation and experimental results are provided on a 15-level three-phase converter prototype with MFT isolation.
Update on innate immunity and perspectives on metabolite regulation in acute pancreatitis.

Purpose of review Acute pancreatitis is a major cause of gastrointestinal morbidity for which specific therapy is greatly needed to prevent progression to and induce resolution of severe disease. Recent findings Innate immune components and metabolite signaling are recently identified as strong determinants of disease severity and resolution in acute pancreatitis and this work will be discussed herein. Summary Targeting innate immune cell populations and metabolite signaling pathways in acute pancreatitis may result in broader and ultimately more efficacious re-direction of the inflammatory programme toward disease resolution and improved clinical outcomes.
NMR Chemical Shift Mapping of SH2 Peptide Interactions

Heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments offer a rapid and high resolution approach to gaining binding and conformational insights into a protein-peptide interaction. By tracking 1H and 15N chemical shift changes over the course of a peptide titration into isotopically labeled protein, amide NH pairs of amino acids whose chemical environment changes upon peptide binding can be identified. When mapped onto a structure of the protein, this approach can identify the peptide-binding interface or regions undergoing conformation changes within a protein upon ligand binding. Monitoring NMR chemical shift changes can also serve as a screening technique to identify novel interaction partners for a protein or to determine the binding affinity of a weak protein-peptide interaction. Here, we describe the application of NMR chemical shift mapping to the study of peptide binding to the C-terminal SH2 domain of PLCγ1.
Getting a Handle on Cell Organization

Structural organization is one of the most conspicuous features of cells, and possibly the most elusive. No one really doubts that cell functions commonly require that the right molecules be in the right place at the right time, or that spatial organization is what distinguishes a living cell from a soup of its molecular constituents. But the tradition that has dominated biological research for the past century mandates a focus on the molecules, and so our first step is commonly to grind the exquisite architecture of the living cell into a pulp. Few molecular scientists have asked whether anything irretrievable is lost by this brutal routine. Such questions as how molecules find their proper place in a framework of orders of greater magnitude, or how spatial order is transmitted from one generation to the next, have been largely neglected until recently.
Geostatistical characterization of cereal leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) distributions in wheat.

A 3-yr study was conducted in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in South Carolina to characterize the spatial distribution of Oulema melanopus (L.) adults, eggs, and larvae using semivariograms, which provides a measure of spatial dependence among sampling data. Moran's I coefficients for peak densities of each life stage indicated significant positive autocorrelation for seven (two for eggs, one for larvae, and four for adults) of the 16 datasets. Aggregation was detected in 13 of these 16 datasets when analyzed by semivariogram modeling, with spherical, Gaussian, and exponential models best fitting for eight, four, and one dataset, respectively, and with models for two datasets having only one parameter (nugget) significantly different from zero. The nugget-to-sill ratios ranged from 0.043 to 0.774, and indicated strong spatial dependence in six models (three for adults, two for eggs, and one for larvae), moderate spatial dependence in six models (three for adults and six for eggs), and weak spatial dependence in one model (adults). Range values varied from 39.1 m to 234.1 m, with an average of 120.1 ± 14.0 m. Average range values were 104.9, 135.2, and 161.2 m for adults, eggs, and larvae, respectively. Because the majority of semivariogram models in our study indicated aggregated distributions, spatial sampling will provide more information than nonspatial random sampling. Developing our understanding of spatial dependence of crop pests is needed to optimize sampling plans and can provide a basis for exploring site-specific management tactics.
Abstract 4713: Deubiquitination and stabilization of programmed cell death-ligand 1 by CSN5

Chronic inflammation in cancer is often associated with disease aggressiveness. Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in the tumor microenvironment lead to eradication of antitumor immunity and enhanced tumor cell survival. In the current study, we identified TNFα as a major factor triggering cancer cell immunosuppression against T cell surveillance via stabilization of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). We demonstrated that COP9 signalosome 5 (CSN5), induced by NF-κB p65, is required for TNFα-mediated PD-L1 stabilization in cancer cells. CSN5 inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of PD-L1. The role of CSN5 in modulating PD-L1 stabilization prompted us to use CSN5 inhibitor, curcumin, to show that it could destabilize PD-L1. Curcumin reduced CSN5 activity to attenuate TNFα-mediated PD-L1 stabilization and enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Preclinical data demonstrated inhibition of CSN5 sensitized cancer cells to anti-CTLA4 therapy, suggesting CSN5 inhibitor may be a useful adjuvant to enhance immune-based therapies. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Seung-Oe Lim, Chia-Wei Li, Mien-Chie Hung. Deubiquitination and stabilization of programmed cell death-ligand 1 by CSN5 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4713. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4713
The Impact of Pre-Stroke Depressive Symptoms, Fatalism, and Social Support on Disability after Stroke

Background Psychological and social factors have been linked to stroke mortality; however, their impact on stroke disability is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre-stroke fatalism, depressive symptoms, and social support on 90-day neurologic, functional, and cognitive outcomes. Methods Ischemic strokes (2008-2011) were identified from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project. Validated scales were used to assess fatalism, depressive symptoms, and social support during baseline interviews. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) scale, and Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MSE) were used to assess 90-day outcomes. The associations between the pre-stroke variables and 90-day outcomes were estimated from regression models adjusting for demographics, risk factors, tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment, and comorbidities. Results Among 364 stroke survivors, higher pre-stroke fatalism was associated with worse functional (.17 point higher ADL/IADL per interquartile range [IQR] higher fatalism; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .05, .30) and cognitive (2.81 point lower 3MSE per IQR higher fatalism; 95% CI: .95, 4.67) outcomes. Higher pre-stroke depressive symptoms were associated with worse functional (.16 point higher ADL/IADL per IQR higher Patient Health Questionnaire-9; 95% CI: .04, .28) and cognitive (2.28 point lower 3MSE per IQR higher Patient Health Questionnaire-9; 95% CI: .46, 4.10) outcomes. Participants in the middle tertile of social support had better cognitive outcomes (3.75 points higher 3MSE; 95% CI: .93, 6.56) compared with the highest tertile. Conclusions The associations between pre-stroke fatalism, depressive symptoms, and social support and 90-day outcomes suggest that psychosocial factors play an important role in stroke recovery.
Dextran sodium sulfate colitis murine model: An indispensable tool for advancing our understanding of inflammatory bowel diseases pathogenesis

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are complex diseases that result from the chronic dysregulated immune response in the gastrointestinal tract. The exact etiology is not fully understood, but it is accepted that it occurs when an inappropriate aggressive inflammatory response in a genetically susceptible host due to inciting environmental factors occurs. To investigate the pathogenesis and etiology of human IBD, various animal models of IBD have been developed that provided indispensable insights into the histopathological and morphological changes as well as factors associated with the pathogenesis of IBD and evaluation of therapeutic options in the last few decades. The most widely used experimental model employs dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce epithelial damage. The DSS colitis model in IBD research has advantages over other various chemically induced experimental models due to its rapidity, simplicity, reproducibility and controllability. In this manuscript, we review the newer publicized advances of research in murine colitis models that focus upon the disruption of the barrier function of the intestine, effects of mucin on the development of colitis, alterations found in microbial balance and resultant changes in the metabolome specifically in the DSS colitis murine model and its relation to the pathogenesis of IBD.
Aryltrimethylstannane Cation Radical Fragmentation Selectivities That Depend on Codonor: Evidence for Reactions from Heterodimer Cation Radicals

The aryl/methyl fragmentation selectivities for the photooxidations of phenyltrimethylstannane and (4-methylphenyl)trimethylstannane by 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene in acetonitrile were found to depend on the codonor used to generate the stannane cation radical intermediates. The aryl/methyl fragmentation selectivities for phenyltrimethylstannane and (4-methylphenyl)trimethylstannane varied by factors of 26 and 5.6, respectively, depending on the structures of the codonors. The fragmentation selectivities could be correlated with the oxidation potentials of the codonors and their steric bulk. The results can be interpreted by the intermediacy of heterodimer cation radicals formed between the stannane cation radicals and the neutral codonors, which thereby affect the fragmentation selectivities.
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase: a possible inflammatory mediator responsible for host-induced susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis (VIR9P.1153)

Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) infection can result in a severe disease of the central nervous system termed Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE). In both animals and humans, the immune response is known to play a role in HSE progression. Using resistant and susceptible HSE mouse models, we have characterized late-stage (>day 7 post-infection (p.i.)) inflammation by which susceptible mice succumb to HSE. Previous data have indicated that immune dysregulation between the two strains is evident at day 6 p.i. Thus, we propose that activation of specific pathways before day 6 p.i. result in an inflammatory cascade that contributes to HSE. To demonstrate this, resistant C57BL/6 and susceptible 129S6 male mice were infected with HSV-1 and brainstems were collected days 1-4 p.i. Microarrays, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and QRT-PCR were performed on RNA, and protein levels were determined via westerns. IPA predicated several inflammatory functions, such as migration of immune cells, to be 129S6-biased (p
Leydig Cell Androgen Synthesis

Testosterone and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are the main androgens driving male sexual differentiation and masculinization, and supporting spermatogenesis. They are synthesized by the Leydig cells of the testis from cholesterol transferred from intracellular stores into mitochondria; the hormone-sensitive and rate-limiting step in androgen biosynthesis. In mitochondria, cholesterol is metabolized by the cytochrome CYP11A1 into pregnenolone, which is further metabolized to androgens in the endoplasmic reticulum by the 3β-HSD, CYP17A1, and 17β-HSD3 enzymes. Testosterone is metabolized to estradiol and DHT by CYP19A1 and 5α-reductase, respectively. Deficiencies in androgen biosynthesis are relatively rare and lead to male pseudohermaphroditism.
Director Ownership and Fund Value: Evidence from Open-End and Closed-End Funds

Using data around the first-time disclosure of director ownership in the funds they oversee, I provide empirical evidence from U.S. open-end and closed-end funds that investors value directors' ownership as their commitments to diligent monitoring. That is, flows into open-end funds, and discount shrinkage in closed-end funds, in the first month after disclosure are positively related to director ownership. I also find that investors put a higher weight on ownership by directors, particularly disinterested ones, in the funds where directors' monitoring is potentially more important. This finding has implication for corporate governance that directors' ownership helps bring out better governance and contributes to corporate value.
Survival of patients surgically treated for Stage I lung cancer

When the TNM staging system of the American Joint Committee (AJC) for Cancer Staging and End-Results Reporting was applied to 3,912 patients seen during a 6 year period at the Mayo Clinic, 624 (16%) fulfilled the criteria for postsurgical pathological Stage I non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Of these 624 patients, 129 were excluded from further survival analysis for various reasons. The remaining 495 consisted of two groups: 350 patients who were enrolled within 30 days into a prospective postoperative 4 monthly follow-up program and 145 patients who were enrolled later or were followed less frequently. Because no significant difference was noted in survival rates between these groups, data were pooled. Of the combined group of 495 patients, 84% survived lung cancer for 2 years and 69% of 5 years (actuarial estimation). The survival of patients classified T1 N0 M0 (91% alive at 2 years and 80% at 5 years) is so good that it seems unlikely that adjuvant therapy in this group could demonstrate improved survival. In addition to TNM classification, age at operation, sex, and extent of operation were important determinants of survival.
The Voynich Codex

The Voynich Codex consists of 102 folios, each composed of two pages (recto and verso), but also includes pasted pages referred to as foldouts. Adjusting for 14 missing folios and multiple pages in the foldouts, the work is equivalent to about 262 pages. By convention, the work is divided into sections referred to as: Herbal (131 plant images plus text), Pharmaceutical (228 images of plants or plant parts with apothecary jars), Balneological (nude nymphs singly or in groups, many cavorting in pools with strange plumbing), Astrological (signs of the zodiac surrounded by nymphs), Cosmological (magic circles including combinations of the sun and the moon, planets, and stars), and Recipe (pages of text that may be medicinal recipes, poems, or incantations). The illustrations have a limited palette of blue, red, green, and brown. Carbon dating of the vellum is early fifteenth century, but the date of the text and illustrations remains unknown.
Habitual light exposure relative to circadian timing in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder.

Study objectives To compare melatonin timing, a well-validated marker for endogenous circadian phase, and habitual light-exposure patterns in adults with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) and intermediate chronotype controls. Methods Twelve individuals with DSWPD (five females, mean age: 31.1) and 12 age-matched controls (six females, mean age: 33.6) underwent a minimum of 7 days of light and activity monitoring followed by an inpatient hospital stay, where blood was taken to assess melatonin timing (calculated as dim light melatonin onset-DLMO). Habitual light-exposure patterns were then compared with a human phase-response curve (PRC) to light. Results Relative to clock time, individuals with DSWPD had a later light-exposure pattern compared with controls, but their light-exposure pattern was earlier relative to DLMO. According to the human PRC to light, individuals with DSWPD had less daily advancing light exposure compared with controls. The primary difference was seen in the late portion of the advancing window, in which individuals with DSWPD were exposed to fewer pulses of light of equivalent duration and intensity compared with controls. Conclusions Diminished advancing light exposure may play a role in the development and perpetuation of delayed sleep-wake timing in individuals with DSWPD. Enhancing light exposure during the later portion of the advancing window represents an innovative and complementary strategy that has the potential to improve the effectiveness of bright light therapy in DSWPD.
Integration of TMDCs Layer on a Silicon Micro-ring Resonator for Photonic Applications

Here we report on the integration of 2D TMDCs materials on Silicon microring to tune the rings resonance as a function of coverage length. This hybrid platform can be used for versatile photonic device applications.
Medicaid Work Requirements: Will They Help the Unemployed Gain Jobs or Improve Health?

Issue The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services approved Medicaid work requirement demonstration projects in four states, and other states also have applied. However, the future of these projects has been clouded by legal and policy challenges. Goal To assess whether state Medicaid work requirement projects are designed for success in promoting employment among unemployed Medicaid beneficiaries. Methods To examine the design of new work requirement projects, we reviewed the evidence, analyzed the overlap of Medicaid and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) work requirements, and convened a roundtable of seven experts who have research or implementation experience with work programs for Medicaid and public assistance recipients. Findings and conclusion Mandatory work programs would be less effective and efficient than well-administered voluntary programs. Far more people will be subject to Medicaid work requirements than are currently subject to them in SNAP. This surge could overwhelm the limited resources of existing employment training and support programs. Medicaid demonstration projects contribute almost no additional funding to train the unemployed or provide necessary social supports. Medicaid work requirement programs are not well designed to help people get jobs or improve health and are more likely to lead to a loss of health insurance coverage.
Structural diversity and dye degradation capability of copper 1,2-phenylenediacetate coordination polymers with flexible dipyridylamide ligands

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of copper nitrate, 1,2-phenylenediacetic acid (pdaH2), and flexible dipyridylamide ligands afforded four new coordination polymers with diverse structural topologies, as characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. {[Cu(pda)(hdn)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (1, hdn = N,N′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)dinicotinamide) shows 1D ribbon motifs. In contrast, [Cu(pda)(hdin)]n (2, hdin = N,N′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)diisonicotinamide) presents a rare example of a five-fold interpenetrated 4-connected 658 cds 3D topology. [Cu(pda)(bdn)]n (3, bdn = N,N′-(butane-1,4-diyl)dinicotinamide) displays an unprecedented 3,5-connected binodal (63)(6783) 3D topology with embedded {Cu(OCO)}n axial-equatorial bridged chain motifs. {[Cu(pda)(bpfp)(H2O)]·4H2O}n (4, bpfp = N,N′-(bis-4-pyridylformyl)piperazine) shows rectangular (4,4) grid submotifs. All four materials were assayed as heterogeneous catalysts for the degradation of Congo Red (CR) in aqueous suspension under ultraviolet irradiation; only compound 3 catalyzed the degradation. Thermal properties of 1–4 are also discussed herein.
The Case of Leila Moro: Not Just the Blues

Physicians in training are choosing to become parents during their graduate medical education years. Appropriately screening and treating mood disorders and/or other mental health issues during this time period is a crucial task of any psychiatrist. Understanding unique challenges faced by young physicians including role transitions and conflicts around work and home life is necessary. In this chapter, treatment specific to this population is discussed including practical management strategies as well as major psychological conflicts that may arise in a psychotherapeutic modality.
Joint Source-Channel Coding for Gaussian Sources over AWGN Channels using Variational Autoencoders

In this paper, we study joint source-channel coding of gaussian sources over multiple AWGN channels where the source dimension is greater than the number of channels. We model our system as a Variational Autoencoder and show that its loss function takes up a form that is an upper bound on the optimization function got from rate-distortion theory. The constructed system employs two encoders that learn to split the source input space into almost half with no constraints. The system is jointly trained in a data-driven manner, end-to-end. We achieve state of the art results for certain configurations, some of which are 0.7dB better than previous works. We also showcase that the trained encoder/decoder is robust, i.e., even if the channel conditions change by +/-5dB, the performance of the system does not vary by more than 0.7dB w.r.t. a system trained at that channel condition. The trained system, to an extent, has the ability to generalize when a single input dimension is dropped and for some scenarios it is less than 1dB away from the system trained for that reduced dimension.
GDP: Generalized Device Placement for Dataflow Graphs.

Runtime and scalability of large neural networks can be significantly affected by the placement of operations in their dataflow graphs on suitable devices. With increasingly complex neural network architectures and heterogeneous device characteristics, finding a reasonable placement is extremely challenging even for domain experts. Most existing automated device placement approaches are impractical due to the significant amount of compute required and their inability to generalize to new, previously held-out graphs. To address both limitations, we propose an efficient end-to-end method based on a scalable sequential attention mechanism over a graph neural network that is transferable to new graphs. On a diverse set of representative deep learning models, including Inception-v3, AmoebaNet, Transformer-XL, and WaveNet, our method on average achieves 16% improvement over human experts and 9.2% improvement over the prior art with 15 times faster convergence. To further reduce the computation cost, we pre-train the policy network on a set of dataflow graphs and use a superposition network to fine-tune it on each individual graph, achieving state-of-the-art performance on large hold-out graphs with over 50k nodes, such as an 8-layer GNMT.
Safe energy savings through context-aware hot water demand prediction

Abstract Tank-style water heaters provide a critical utility but often waste energy, as low temperatures encourage the formation of harmful bacteria. We develop low-cost hardware to capture training data from a single home’s hot water consumption and present a system capable of proactively anticipating demand while remaining sensitive to health concerns by combining a flow-predictive autoregressive convolutional neural network with a Cognitive Supervisor for minimizing Legionella formation. The predictive performance is evaluated for different receptive fields, and the best-performing model successfully tracks water demand one week into the future, providing robust input for the Supervisor to reform Legionella growth with minimal energy expenditure. First-order estimates find U.S. homeowner savings of $ 10 B in heating costs and 80MMT of C O 2 without increased health risks. This system uniquely combines predictive and protective elements to augment new and incumbent water heater installations including those used in low to middle-high income countries, enhancing global impact.
Thermodynamic stability and kinematic accessibility of curved grain boundaries in directionally solidified bicrystals

Grain boundaries always have a positive excess free energy that drives grain growth and structural evolution during high-temperature heat treatments. Grain boundaries can, however, become trapped in a metastable configuration because of the geometry or composition of the specimens in which they are contained. For example, second phase dispersoids can pin grain boundaries in a polycrystal, and thermal grooves can pin grain boundaries in thin films and wires. In these examples of frustrated grain boundary systems, further reduction in the grain boundary area is energetically preferred, but grain boundary migration is arrested because energy is required to create additional grain boundary surface area and de-pin from the obstacle. In this work, we consider an idealized class of frustrated grain boundaries, namely curved grain boundaries in geometrically complex bicrystals. By calculating the energy landscape of the grain boundary configuration space, we show that the local stability of these curved grain boundaries is a sensitive function of the bicrystal shape. We also assess the trajectory of curved grain boundaries in bicrystals grown via directional solidification to determine which grain boundary configurations are physically realizable. By comparing these two analyses, we find that a curved grain boundary may be thermodynamically metastable but kinematically inaccessible, highlighting the general importance of thermodynamics and kinematics in descriptions of frustrated grain boundary systems encountered in a wide range of different materials.
The relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D values and risk of fracture: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Our study investigates 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and fracture risk using population-level data. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D values 50 ng/mL were not associated with increased risk of fractures overall compared with values 20–50 ng/mL. Severely low levels may be associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture, particularly of the wrist. Studies of the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and fracture risk have been inconsistent. We hypothesized that high 25(OH)D concentrations (> 50 ng/mL) would be associated with increased risk of fracture. We identified all adult patients living in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2011, who had at least one 25(OH)D measurement. Fracture outcomes were retrieved starting 30 days after 25(OH)D measurement and until patients’ final clinical visit as an Olmsted County resident, December 31, 2014, or death. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression. Of 11,002 individuals with a 25(OH)D measurement, 5.8% had a 25(OH)D value ˂ 12 ng/mL, and 5.1% had a value > 50 ng/mL. Compared with subjects with 25(OH)D values 20–50 ng/mL (reference group), values 50 ng/mL displayed no association with overall fracture risk. After adjusting for a prior diagnosis of osteoporosis/osteopenia, only individuals with values ˂ 12 ng/mL had increased risk of any osteoporotic fracture (aHR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.05–1.89) and wrist fracture (aHR = 2.11; 95% CI 1.27–3.48) compared with the reference group. Compared with the reference group, values ˂ 12 ng/mL were associated with increased risk of any fracture (aHR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.01–1.80), osteoporotic fracture (aHR = 2.18; 95% CI 1.44–3.31), and wrist fracture (aHR = 2.39; 95% CI 1.19–4.81) in subjects without a prior diagnosis of osteoporosis/osteopenia, but not in those with a prior diagnosis of osteoporosis/osteopenia. Severely low 25(OH)D levels may be associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture, particularly of the wrist, but 25(OH)D values > 50 ng/mL were not associated with increased fracture risk.
Transcription Factor KLF14 and Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a combination of metabolic abnormalities that lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Although various criteria for defining MetSyn exist, common abnormalities include abdominal obesity, elevated serum triglyceride, insulin resistance, and blood glucose, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and hypertension. MetSyn prevalence has been increasing with the rise of obesity worldwide, with significantly higher prevalence in women compared with men and in Hispanics compared with Whites. Affected individuals are at a higher risk of developing T2D (5-fold) and CVD (2-fold). Heritability estimates for individual components of MetSyn vary between 40 and 70%, suggesting a strong contribution of an individual's genetic makeup to disease pathology. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has enabled large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) into the genetics underlying MetSyn pathogenesis. Several such studies have implicated the transcription factor KLF14, a member of the Krupple-like factor family (KLF), in the development of metabolic diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, and T2D. How KLF14 regulates these metabolic traits and increases the risk of developing T2D, atherosclerosis, and liver dysfunction is still unknown. There have been some debate and controversial results with regards to its expression profile and functionality in various tissues, and a systematic review of current knowledge on KLF14 is lacking. Here, we summarize the research progress made in understanding the function of KLF14 and describe common attributes of its biochemical, physiological, and pathophysiological roles. We also discuss the current challenges in understanding the role of KLF14 in metabolism and provide suggestions for future directions.
A −254.1-dB FoM 2.4-GHz Subsampling PLL With a −76-dBc Reference Spur by Employing a Varactor-Based Cancellation Technique

This letter presents a simple yet elegantly effective method to reduce reference spurs in analog subsampling phase locked loops (SS-PLLs) via a varactor cancellation technique. Specifically, an active-mixer-adopted phase detector is employed, whose natural (undesired) change in gate-to-drain/source capacitance during phase detection is counteracted with a carefully sized varactor diode driven directly by the (synchronous) reference signal. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology, seven different die measurements show the designed SS-PLL achieves a worst-case reference spur of −74 dBc and a best-case spur of −78 dBc. Drawing 1 mA from 1-V power supply, the SS-PLL achieves an integrated rms jitter of 195 fs, for a near-state-of-the-art jitter-power figure of merit of −254.1 dB, yet with a state-of-the-art reference spur.
EFFECTS OF RED CELL SHAPE ABNORMALITIES, DECREASED pH AND ANEMIA ON TISSUE PO2

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of red cell shape abnormalities, decreased pH, and anemia on tissue PO2. The significant abnormalities of red cell rheologic properties, reduction in pH of blood, and decrease in circulating red cell mass are all expected to influence the capillary flow and, thus, oxygen delivery to tissues. Shape may be important in the flow behavior and oxygen transport, and one obvious extreme case is the sickled erythrocyte. Decrease in the pH of the suspending medium causes a reduction in the deformability of the normal erythrocyte, indicated by increased viscosity, decreased filterability, and increased force required for aspiration in a calibrated glass capillary analog. Changes in the cell shape may significantly reduce cellular deformability and in the spleen, for example, where the erythrocyte must transit narrow apertures between cords and sinuses of the red pulp, abnormal shape may alter the erythrocyte flow. In egress of cells from the bone marrow, similar influence of shape may be expected. A minimal shape change observed in human erythrocyte is the echinocyte, a cell of normal volume, having surface area modified by small surface projections.
Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in the Development and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

The association between the pathogenesis and natural course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and skeletal muscle dysfunction is increasingly recognized. These obesity-associated disorders originate primarily from sustained caloric excess, gradually disrupting cellular and molecular mechanisms of the adipose–muscle–liver axis resulting in end-stage tissue injury exemplified by cirrhosis and sarcopenia. These major clinical phenotypes develop through complex organ–tissue interactions from the earliest stages of NAFLD. While the role of adipose tissue expansion and remodeling is well established in the development of NAFLD, less is known about the specific interplay between skeletal muscle and the liver in this process. Here, the relationship between skeletal muscle and liver in various stages of NAFLD progression is reviewed. Current knowledge of the pathophysiology is summarized with the goal of better understanding the natural history, risk stratification, and management of NAFLD.
Measurement Uncertainty Propagation in the Validation of High-Speed Interconnects

Validating the performance of high-speed interconnect modeling against measurements of fabricated test structures requires an understanding of the robustness of the measurement methods as well as the physical variations present in an imperfectly fabricated test structure. This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the performance of interconnect modeling considering the actual metrology variation and the realworld manufacturing tolerances used to fabricate the test vehicle. By ensuring that measurement results, inclusive of operator and equipment variations, overlap the modeling inclusive of expected manufacturing variations, confidence in the high-speed interconnect modeling is established.
Feature selection by higher criticism thresholding achieves the optimal phase diagram

We consider two-class linear classification in a high-dimensional, small-sample-size setting. Only a small fraction of the features are useful, these being unknown to us, and each useful feature co...
Ion Heating and Flow Driven by an Instability Found in Plasma Couette Flow.

We present the first observation of instability in weakly magnetized, pressure dominated plasma Couette flow firmly in the Hall regime. Strong Hall currents couple to a low frequency electromagnetic mode that is driven by high-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ ($g1$) pressure profiles. Spectroscopic measurements show heating (factor of 3) of the cold, unmagnetized ions via a resonant Landau damping process. A linear theory of this instability is derived that predicts positive growth rates at finite $\ensuremath{\beta}$ and shows the stabilizing effect of very large $\ensuremath{\beta}$, in line with observations.
Causative SE: A Transitive Analysis

In this paper we offer an analysis of the so-called causative SE construction exemplified by sentences like Juan se afeita en la barberia (‘Juan gets a shave at the barbershop’). Even though these sentences look like ordinary reflexive constructions, the subject is not interpreted as an agent, but as a causer who initiates an event whose agent is implicit. For instance, in the sentence above, the barber is the agent of the shaving event, not Juan. We propose that this unique interpretation arises only in certain transitive configurations that involve change of state semantics and intrinsic reflexivity. This syntactic configuration, coupled with extra-linguistic knowledge about causal chains, accounts for the syntactic and semantic properties of causative SE constructions.