cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy and safety results of two topical combination acne regimens

Combination therapy has become the standard for the management of acne, particularly for moderate-to-severe cases. Among these combinations, those regimens containing benzoyl peroxide (BPO), clindamycin and a retinoid have been used frequently as they address most aspects of acne pathogenesis. This study compares the efficacy and safety of two common topical treatment regimens in the treatment of a moderate to severe facial acne vulgaris: fixed-combination gel containing BPO 5% and clindamycin 1% (BPO/C) plus tretinoin microsphere gel 0.04% (RAM) versus a regimen of a fixed-combination gel containing clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and tretinoin 0.025% (CPT) plus a once-daily BPO 5% wash. While both regimens were safe and effective, regimen BPO/C+RAM yielded a more rapid onset of effect versus regimen CPT+BPO against both non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions. Both treatment regimens were well-tolerated.
13 micron cutoff HgCdTe detector arrays for space and ground-based astronomy

With the recent success of our development of 10 micron HgCdTe infrared (IR) detector arrays,1,2 we have used what we learned and extended the cutoff wavelength to 13 microns. These 13 micron HgCdTe detector arrays can operate at higher temperatures than Si:As, e.g. in a properly designed spacecraft with passive cooling, the 13 micron IR array will work well at temperatures around 30K. We present the initial measurements of dark current, noise and quantum efficiency for the first deliveries of 13 micron HgCdTe detector arrays from Teledyne Imaging Sensors. We also discuss our plans to develop 15 micron cutoff HgCdTe detector arrays which would facilitate the detection of the broad CO2 absorption feature in the atmospheres of exoplanets, particularly those in the habitable zone of their host star.
Can a Woman Deserve the Name of Enemy? Gender, War and Law in Katherine Philips's Corneille Translations

ABSTRACTDespite the manifest presence of women in the wars of Katherine Philips's lifetime, the official legal languages of war almost entirely omit women. Philips's translations of Pierre Corneille's Pompey (1663) and Horace (1667) draw on the principles of formal equality articulated within international and military law, which except women; the practical details of lived wartime experience, governed by convention; and the dynamics of empire and ethnicity, as they influence wartime behaviour. Literature galvanizes the relations between these layers of theory and experience by enfolding them within stories that require interpretation, positing the presence of eloquent, defiant female characters in contexts in which they theoretically do not exist. Articulations of gender and ethnic difference present a challenge to principles of formal equality, calling into question the relation between generality and particularity. Horace and Pompey reveal the fault lines in military and international law: women, whom ...
Effect of Fins on the Transition to Oscillating Laminar Natural Convection in an Enclosure

Flow characteristics and evolution of heat transfer are investigated numerically within a differentially heated square cavity in the presence of thin fins which are either insulated or highly conductive and at the base wall temperature. The transition from steady-state to oscillatory and chaotic convection is observed at certain Rayleigh numbers with varying lengths of fins positioned at different locations.
Abstract B105: HSP90 inhibitor, ganetespib, enhances responses to cancer immunotherapy through increased expression of interferon response genes

Recently, T cell based immunotherapies have moved to the forefront of cancer immunotherapy with the success of Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) and Immune checkpoint blockade. ACT, where patients are treated with tumor infiltrating T cells (TILs), conferred a clinical response rate of ∼50%. Treatment with anti-CTLA4 therapy, Ipilimumab, conferred response rates of 10-20%, greatly improving the overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma. Despite the encouraging outcomes, there are relatively low response rates coupled with the delay of weeks to months before tumor shrinkage can be appreciated. Thus, understanding mechanisms of resistance to immune therapies, to improve response rates, shorten time to treatment effect and developing predictive biomarkers of response are vital to the care of melanoma patients. In order to identify possible resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy, a high-throughput in vitro screen with 850 different bio-active compounds (Selleckchem), was designed to search for agents that could either increase or decrease the resistance of melanoma tumor cells to T cell mediated killing. Paired patient derived human melanoma tumor samples and TILs were used to assess which compounds when used to treat the melanoma cell lines can enhance the cytotoxic activity of the TILs against the paired melanoma sample, using a flow cytometry based assay in which active caspase 3 was used as a read out of apoptosis. We identified heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors amongst the top compounds that improved T cell mediated cytotoxicity of treated tumor cells. We show that treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib (Synta) greatly improves T cell mediated cytotoxicity of human cancer cells lines in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo murine studies using the MC38/gp100 tumor model show that ganestespib in combination with anti-CTLA4, resulted in superior antitumor effect and survival compared to either treatment alone (Average tumor volume at day 21 of treatment: Vehicle 294.3mm3, α-CTLA4 193 mm3, Ganetespib 237.5 mm3 and Ganetespib + α-CTLA4 105.8 mm3, P Citation Format: Rina M. Mbofung, Jodi A. McKenzie, Shruti Malu, Chengwen Liu, Weiyi Peng, Isere Kuiatse, Leila Williams, Seram Devi, Zhe Wang, Trang Tieu, Tim Heffernan, Richard E. Davis, Rodabe Amaria, Patrick Hwu. HSP90 inhibitor, ganetespib, enhances responses to cancer immunotherapy through increased expression of interferon response genes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B105.
European Union or Kingdom of the Antichrist? Protestant apocalyptic narratives and European unity

This article examines Protestant Euroscepticism in its purest form by focusing on the apocalyptic narratives of conservative Protestant dispensationalists in the UK, Scandinavia and the Netherlands...
Predictable Real-Time Caching in the Spring System

Abstract Real-time system designers must predict the behavior of the system at development time. The predictions most often used are for worst case execution time, and must consider the properties of the system within which the programs are executed. The most obvious factor is the execution times of CPU instructions, which are significantly affected by the presence of a cache. A WCET estimate is valid if it is greater than or equal to the actual WCET. This paper addresses the problem of how to make valid predictions about the effects of caching on the WCET. Our predictions of the cache’s effects depend on the scheduling paradigm around which the system is designed. We discuss the rate monotonic and Spring paradigms, and discuss how the differences in their properties affect our ability to consider caches in WCET calculation. We also discuss to what extent we can predict the effects of caches on the system, and the extent to which these predictions can be used to reduce the pessimism of WCET estimates while preserving their validity. Finally, we describe some of the open problems we are considering.
Analysis of publication trends in ecosystem services research

Scholarly journal publications on the topic of ecosystem services have substantially grown throughout the past decade, which is evidenced by an expanding world-wide research base. However, several challenges in the field of ecosystem services still remain, including conflicting approaches to ecosystem services terminology, classification schemes, research methods, and reporting requirements. We assess the development and disciplinary focus of ecosystem service research over the last decade using a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed journal publications. The journals of Shengtai Xuebao Acta Ecologica Sinica, Ecosystem Services, PLoS One, and Ecological Economics lead scholarly journals publishing ecosystem services-focused articles. The European Union leads ecosystem services publications (42%), while the United States is responsible for 30% of ecosystem services publications. This analysis is supplemented by a discussion on ecosystem services-focused research and policy to identify trends that encourage future study to resolve some of the current issues faced by the research community.
Was sind psychische Erkrankungen

Die Veroffentlichung der 5. Ausgabe des Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association 2013) hat nicht dazu beigetragen, das Abgrenzungsproblem der Unterscheidung zwischen psychischen Storungen und psychischen Leiden zu klaren. Zweck dieses Kapitels ist es, die Schlusselausloser dieser Kontroverse zu besprechen, einschlieslich sozialkonstruktivistischer und evolutionarer Modelle. Das Kapitel thematisiert zum Abschluss die neue Netzwerkperspektive zu psychischen Storungen, eine radikale Alternative zu den traditionellen kategorischen und dimensionalen Modellen, die ungeachtet ihrer vielen Einschrankungen unser Fachgebiet dominieren.
Informing environmental problems through field analysis: Toward a community landscape theory of pro-environmental behavior

AbstractThe physical and social environments influence individual values, perceptions, and actions from which community emerges. These relationships outline a multi-level transdisciplinary framework of interactions that inform human behavior. This article seeks to accomplish three things: (1) to construct a rationale for unifying commonalities among field-based concepts of behavior, landscape, and community; (2) to describe a transdisciplinary field theory-based model of pro-environmental behavior; and (3) to provide a hypothetical application. Finally, we present a community landscape model of pro-environmental behavior as a framework for addressing complex and wicked environmental problems that require transdisciplinary approaches.
Learning Objects:An Expedition from Archival Collection to Online Collaboration

ABSTRACT People of Chinese origin have lived in British Columbia, Canada, since the beginning of non-aboriginal settlement. Many of them have left Chinese-language records that are valuable for the study of Chinese immigrant history. This article provides information about a pilot project completed at the Asian Library of the University of British Columbia to build a learning-object repository using an archival collection of historical Chinese language materials. The collection supports the undergraduate curriculum Chinese-Canadian history. This article introduces the definition and characteristics of learning objects and learning-objects metadata resulting from the project's investigation and the author's experience with selecting and testing systems to develop a prototype of a learning-object repository.
Potentiality of Life

The current legal attack on women’s reproductive rights with its turn to neuroscience underscores an important aspect of what Gianni Vattimo and Santiago Zabala have called “framed democracy” and its reliance on an objectivist notion of truth and a foregrounding of rationalist science at the expense of any other potential modes or sources of knowledge. By permitting scientific data to replace thought, interpretation, and debate as the adjudicator of the legal limits of human life, fetal pain statutes seek to retrench age-old patriarchal models of gender inequality and subservience under the guise of objective knowledge. What is in fact a deployment of power by a metaphysically and theologically grounded ideology enters political discourse under the guise of scientific truth. Rights that have been wrested from entrenched power through generations of political struggle are represented as subordinate to scientific discovery, and as such subject to adjustment. But science has never determined personhood; the limits of human life have in all places and all cultures been determined by contested interpretations.
Nonprofit Arts Organizations: Debt Ratio Does Not Influence Donations-Interest Expense Ratio Does

Due to increased competition for scarce resources, scholars and practitioners have been devoting more attention to identifying the factors that drive private contributions to nonprofit organizations in recent years. This study aims to investigate whether capital structure decisions made by nonprofit managers have an impact on future contributions from individual donors. More specifically, it asks whether debt is associated with a reduction in future financial support. This study relies on data derived from the DataArts Cultural Data Profile to answer this question. It utilizes a log-log model where the dependent variable is defined as total private contributions in the current period. Results indicate that an increase in the interest expense to total expense ratio is associated with a decrease in future contributions. A nonprofit’s debt to assets ratio, however, does not have a statistically significant impact on future contributions.
Ketamine: Not Just for Pediatric Sedation?

Abstract Ketamine, an old drug with newly emerging clinical implications, offers an alternative agent for the management of acute pain in the pediatric emergency care setting. Subdissociative ketamine may be given by the intravenous route at doses of 0.3-0.8 mg/kg or by the intranasal route at a dose of 1 mg/kg. This review illustrates some of the gaps in our understanding between the mechanistic potential of ketamine and the actual evidence of clinical effects. The analgesic effects of ketamine result from a complex array of receptor interactions that modulate pain. The complex actions of ketamine make it a potentially superior agent to opioid medications, although data to support this are lacking. This article focuses on ketamine for acute pain and reviews the mechanism of action, dosing, routes of administration, adverse effects, and gaps in our current understanding of how the drug modulates pain.
Propuesta del modelo espacial para la evaluación y gestión del territorio, para la incorporación de las Unidades de Planificación y Gestión Territorial (UPGT) al pos-conflicto colombiano

In order to contribute to the construction of a lasting peace, it is necessary to give continuity to governmental processes represented by the real players themselves, who have to constitute the new territories, and democratically, from the national government, to establish clear rules in their occupation. So that possible actions as scenarios are projected as the result of the incorporation of Instruments and Tools for Land Planning and Management, among others, which becomes a challenge in the urban-rural articulation, which takes place through the Units of Planning and Territorial Management (UPGT)
Reply to Heyboer

These comments raise a number of legitimate points about the relationship between the argument I have offered in “Technological Values in the Applied Science Laboratory,” and the emerging political economy/social constructionist school of thought in the philosophy of science. I think of myself as a cautious proponent of that school, rather than an opponent, and would refer readers to Beyond the Large Farm: Ethics and Research Goals for Agriculture (Boulder,CO: Westview Press, 1991) and to The Spirit of the Soil: Agriculture and Environmental Ethics (London: Routledge, 1994) for more complete discussions of my views on the philosophy of applied science. For the time being, responding to these comments provides a good opportunity to position my original paper within a network.
Efficient rectifier for wireless power transfer in VHF band

This paper presents a high-efficiency single-diode rectifier and rectenna targeted to VHF wireless power transfer applications, operating at 82 MHz. The rectifier obtains a peak efficiency of 82% at an input power of 25 mW. Additionally, greater than 50% efficiency is demonstrated for input powers from −3 to 25 dBm and across input frequencies from 73 to 100 MHz. The rectifier is combined with a folded dipole antenna to realize a receiver rectenna for large-area wireless power applications. A design approach for high-efficiency VHF rectennas, applicable to both large-dimension and compact connected sensors and devices, accompanies the measured results.
Genomics in Critical Illness

The term “genomics” has morphed into an umbrella term to describe broadly the large-scale study of genes, gene products, gene variants, and their impact on health and disease. This chapter reviews the impact of genomics on critical illness and injury. The chapter will also review other “omics” such as proteomics, pharmacogenomics, epigenetics, lipidomics, and metabolomics. Gene association studies attempt to link gene variants with susceptibility to and outcomes from various forms of critical illness. Genome wide expression studies have been leveraged to elucidate novel therapeutic pathways and targets, gene expression-based subclasses of critical illness, and the discovery of candidate diagnostic and stratification biomarkers. Other “omics” disciplines are also leading to novel insights regarding the pathobiology of critical illness. For example, the discovery of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as an early biomarker of acute kidney injury is based on trancriptomic and proteomic studies involving animals models. Comparative genomics has led to the discovery of important signaling mechanisms relevant to critical illness. For example, the discovery of Toll-like receptor 4 as the primary receptor for lipopolysaccharide is the product of comparative genomics. Finally, epigenetics is beginning to provide clues as to why recovery from critical illness may be associated for prolonged risk for subsequent critical illness. Overall, genomics-centered studies continue to evolve in the field of critical care medicine and hold the promise of substantially advancing our understanding and approach to various forms of critical illness.
Strategies of Gene Transfer and Silencing, and Technical Considerations

Cancer gene therapy is a relatively new modality that might ultimately revolutionize oncology. The basic principle is to alter the tumor genetically to enhance more traditional chemo- and radiation therapy schema. The last decade has seen tremendous progress and development of new technologies in the areas of vector delivery, tumor targeting, and numerous clever ways to increase tumor killing, including early attempts to modulate tumor gene expression by RNA interference. In recent years, attempts to image affected cells have also been part of these efforts. Many studies have proceeded to the preclinical stage and a fair number to early clinical testing with some showing encouraging results. However, real impact on patient survival remains to be seen. One major problem still to be overcome is the quantitative delivery of the vector into the tumor mass. The next decade is expected to resolve many of these technical issues and improve the treatment of patients. This chapter will discuss new technologies and provide a brief overview of the field.
Unsupervised Learning of Edit Parameters for Matching Name Variants

Since named entities are often written in different ways, question answering (QA) and other language processing tasks stand to benefit from entity matching. We address the problem of finding equivalent person names in unstructured text. Our approach is a generalization of spelling correction: We compare to candidate matches by applying a set of edits to an input name. We introduce a novel unsupervised method for learning spelling edit probabilities which improves overall F-Measure on our own name-matching task by 12%. Relevance is demonstrated by application to the GALE Distillation task.
Nonequilibrium Heating of Powders Under Shock Loading

Nonequilibrium heat release in powders under shock loading is strongly coupled with viscoplastic nonuniform material flow during the densification process (see Chapter 2). At the same time, the essential difference in time scales for mechanical and thermodynamical equilibrium for relatively large particles makes possible the decoupling of mechanical processes on the stage of compaction and the subsequent phenomena connected with heat diffusion. This is also possible due to the weak dependence of shock macroparameters on the details of energy release.
Nabumetone in elderly patients with osteoarthritis: economic benefits versus ibuprofen alone or ibuprofen plus misoprostol.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) vary in their potential to produce gastropathy. We compared the 3-month direct medical costs, including those associated with treating NSAID-induced adverse events, of nabumetone, ibuprofen, or ibuprofen plus misoprostol in 171 elderly patients with osteoarthritis.
Security in Data Intensive Computing Systems

Many applications, e.g., scientific computing, weather prediction, medical image processing, require the manipulation of large amounts of data. Analysis of web traffic, sales, travel, and all kinds of human activities can bring valuable insights for business and science [27]. This work has been done until now in large multiprocessors in the computer centers of large institutions, whose increasing power allows more and more aspects to be analyzed and with more detail [29]. Recently, the cloud has brought the possibility of processing and storing large amounts of data at a relatively low cost and from anywhere in the world. However, this wide accessibility increases the vulnerability of their systems and the emphasis on fast processing leads often to sacrificing security. We survey here the security implications of data intensive applications in the new environments. A more specific discussion, considering just clouds, is given in[35].
Acid lipase cross-reacting material in Wolman disease and cholesterol ester storage disease

Material cross-reacting with antibodies to acid lipase was demonstrated in fibroblasts of three patients with Wolman disease and three with cholesterol ester storage disease. Quantitation of the immunologically cross-reacting material (CRM) by a single radial immunodiffusion method revealed normal levels in both mutant cell types. CRM specific activity toward triolein and cholesteryl oleate was reduced about 200-fold in the Wolman disease fibroblasts and 50- to 100-fold in the cholesterol ester storage disease cells when compared to normal.
A retrospective view of the Hearsay-II architecture

The Hearsay model has heen presented as a paradigm for attacking errorful knowledge-intensive problems requiring multiple, cooperating knowledge sources. The Hearsay-II architecture is the latest attempt to explore the model. This paper describes experiences gained while successfully applying this architecture to the problem of speech understanding. The major conclusions are: 1. The paradigm of viewing problem solving in terms of hypothesize-and-test actions distributed among distinct representations of the problem has been shown to be computationally feasible. 2. A global working memory (the "blackboard"), in which the distinct representations are integrated in a uniform manner, has made it convenient to construct and integrate the individual sources of knowledge needed for the problem solution. 3. The use of a uniform data-directed structure for controlling knowledge-source activity has made the system easy to understand and modify. 4. A solution has been demonstrated to the problem of focus-of-attention in this type of control environment. This solution does not need to be modified when the sources of knowledge in the system are changed.
Two different families of NMDA receptors in mammalian brain: physiological function and role in neuronal development and degeneration.

The dicarboxylic amino acids L-glutamic and L-aspartic acid are the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitters in both the vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems (1–3) The activity of these excitatory systems is intimately involved in the processing of incoming information into the spinal cord and brain, the initiation of learning processes, and the formation of memory (2–4). Glutamate neurotransmission involves most brain regions and subserves several important physiological functions. It is apparently the vehicle for rapid excitatory neurotransmission in areas such as the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, the limbic system, thalamus, basal ganglia, brain stem and spinal cord (5). In addition to the rapid synaptic transmission of neuronal pulses by the glutamate neurotransmitter system, this excitatory system also employs receptors that bring about more prolonged excitation of neurons either through activation of entry of extracellular calcium (Ca2+) into the neuronal space or through the release of intracellular Ca2+ from internal stores (6–9). The events initiated by the activation of special subpopulations of glutamate receptors are thought to be instrumental in the long-term alterations of synaptic efficacy associated with such physiologic phenomena as long term potentiation of synaptic activity (2–4,10).
From the Outside In: Integrating External Exposures into the Exposome Concept

The exposome comprises exposures arising from both endogenous processes and the external environment, which include not only chemical compounds but also nutrients, drugs, infectious agents, the microbiome, physical stress, and psychosocial stress. But where do those exposures come from, and what can we do about them? This chapter will focus on two distinct but interrelated questions: (1) Why understanding the environment outside of the body is critical for unraveling the exposome; and (2) How to measure the exposome from the outside the body. The external environment is critical to unraveling the exposome for it provides a depth of context that analysis of biological samples cannot, it also informs data interpretation by providing linkage between external sources of exposure and the internal dose, and in some cases, external assessment is the only way to objectively evaluate an exposure such as social and built environment as well as behavioral factors. The grand challenge lies in how to provide a comprehensive and rigorous characterization of the external environment on the exposome scale. This chapter will discuss Scientific advances, emerging technologies, and novel opportunities to unravel the exposome from the external environment The importance of multi-scale data integration in assessing the temporal and spatial dynamics of the exposome Strategies and the value of integrating external and internal environments in studies of the exposome The opportunity of applying the exposome to inform citizen science and disease prevention
Abstract P138: Private School Attendance and Later Life Hypertension

Introduction: Black Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the United States (US). Higher educational attainment has been found to have an inverse association with hypertension, y...
Event-Related Potential Studies of Cognitive Processing Abnormalities in Autism

Autism is recognized as a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) usually evident during the first 3 years of life (Ruble and Brown 2003; Volkmar and Pauls 2003). Several neuropsychological models have been proposed to explain the cognitive deficits found in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (Baron-Cohen 2004), one of which is based on salient deficits in executive function (Burack 1994; Hughes et al. 1994; Ozonoff 1997; Hill 2004). Executive functioning skills fall under the purview of those prefrontal functions that facilitate problem-solving, flexible set-shifting, and forward planning in the implementation of goal-directed behavior (Hughes et al. 1994). The executive deficits in this autism model have been related to specific frontal mechanisms, principally to the prefrontal and midfrontal cortices and associated neural circuitries (Bishop 1993; Hill 2004). The domain of executive functions has significant implications for developmental psychopathologies, but there are still doubts (Griffith et al. 1999) regarding the causal explanation of signs and symptoms in autism as stemming exclusively from frontal executive functioning abnormalities.
Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment initiation of p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer.

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has a patient demographic, presentation, and clinical treatment response distinct from HPV-unassociated OPSCC. The heterogeneity in presentation and diagnosis within a patient population with HPV-positive OPSCC and its impact on times to presentation, diagnosis, and treatment have yet to be characterized. Participants Patients with biopsy-proven p16-positive OPSCC seen and/or treated at our institution between 2008 and 2018. Of 136 patients with OPSCC seen and/or treated at our institution, 101 met criteria for inclusion. Methods Patients were grouped by several parameters including presenting symptom category (asymptomatic neck mass, neck mass with primary-site symptoms, or primary-site symptoms without a neck mass), p16 status on fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and date of presentation. Median time intervals between presentation to imaging, biopsy, and treatment were compared within each parameter using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of 0.05. Results Sixty-five of the 101 study patients presented with a neck mass. Patients without a neck mass had a longer interval from presentation to imaging than patients with a neck mass (median 4 vs 0 days, p = 0.025). Initial FNA obtained on 61 patients was positive for p16 in 19 patients. Unknown or negative p16 status on FNA was associated with shorter intervals from initial imaging to treatment initiation (39 vs 46.5 days, p = 0.045). Patients presenting in the final three years had a longer interval from presentation to treatment initiation (55 vs 41 days, p = 0.024). Conclusion A neck mass is absent from the clinical picture of a substantial proportion of HPV-associated OPSCC patients. Primary-site symptom category and regional metastasis were not associated with differences in times to diagnosis or treatment initiation at this major referral center. The increased awareness and complexity of treatment decisions related to OPSCC may contribute to the delays in treatment initiation observed in patients with p16-positive FNAs and those who presented in more recent years.
I wasn’t born here: Using the 2010 General Social Survey to examine social attitudes of foreign-born individuals toward the death penalty, same-sex marriage, and legalization of marijuana.

Research shows that social attitudes are often influenced by gender, race, religious and political views. Yet there is little research examining whether someone’s place of birth influences social attitudes. Using data from the 2010 General Social Survey, I performed univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis to determine the extent to which foreign-born individuals’ attitudes toward the death penalty, legalization of marijuana, and homosexual marriage differed from individuals born in the United States. The findings suggest that an individual’s place of birth is a statistically significant factor on social attitudes towards the death penalty and legalization of marijuana. Foreign-born individuals are less likely to be in favor of the death penalty. Differences associated with an individual’s place of birth remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis after controlling for sex, race, and political views. Individuals born outside the United States are also more likely to be opposed to the legalization of marijuana. This finding remained statistically significant after controlling for race, marital status, and political views.
Safety of Central Venous Catheter Removal in the Setting of Thrombocytopenia and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection.

Thrombocytopenia is not uncommonly seen in patients undergoing peripheral blood stem cell collection. It is most likely secondary to the administration of chemotherapy and G-CSF, as well as the apheresis process itself. Peripheral blood stem cell collection causes a variable loss of platelets, which are collected along with the mononuclear cells. The ensuing thrombocytopenia can be at times severe, but the bleeding risk in this setting is unclear, as is the need to administer platelets prophylactically when the central catheter used for collection is removed. In this study we retrospectively analyzed data on 40 patients who had a central venous line removed immediately after their last autologous stem cell collection and had a platelet count of less than 50000/μL before the apheresis procedure. Patients were divided into two groups, according to whether or not they had received a platelet transfusion. The expected pre-catheter removal platelet count was calculated, according to the patient’s blood volume, the number of platelets in the stem cell product and the amount of platelets transfused in random donor platelet units (RDP) equivalents. Each chart was reviewed for the occurrence of catheter removal-associated bleeding. The results are shown in table 1. Post-apheresis platelet measurement is not routinely performed, due to its inconvenience to the patient and delay in catheter removal. Most clinicians use the pre-apheresis value as a guide to transfuse platelets before taking out the central line. As shown in table 1, in spite of significantly lower measured platelet counts before the harvest procedure in the transfused group, the calculated final counts were similar, due to the transfusion of allogeneic platelets. The patients’ weight was significantly lower in the transfused group, and this might actually have contributed to their lower platelet counts after repeated peripheral stem cell collections. There was no bleeding associated with catheter removal in either group. One patient had persistent oozing at the catheter insertion site, likely secondary to an unusually large incision. Removal was uneventful however. In this study, removing the central venous catheter was performed safely without platelet transfusion in patients who had a pre-apheresis platelet count above 30000/μL. It might be safer to administer prophylactic platelet transfusions to patients with lower counts.
UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANTS' ACCESS TO DRIVER'S LICENSES AND AUTO INSURANCE COVERAGE

Fourteen states and the District of Columbia allow unauthorized immigrants to obtain driver's licenses. Using variation in the timing and location of these policy changes, we show these Unauthorized Immigrant License Polices (UILPs) are associated with a 1% increase in both the number of licensed drivers and liability insurance coverage, although we do not document a statistically significant relationship with auto insurance claims. Nor do we detect a significant relationship between UILPs and the number of miles driven, vehicle registrations, air quality, or travel behaviors. Overall, our results are consistent with UILPs licensing unauthorized immigrants who were already driving. (JEL R48, G22, K37)
Clinical Decision Support for Worker Health: A Five-Site Qualitative Needs Assessment in Primary Care Settings.

Background Although patients who work and have related health issues are usually first seen in primary care, providers in these settings do not routinely ask questions about work. Guidelines to help manage such patients are rarely used in primary care. Electronic health record (EHR) systems with worker health clinical decision support (CDS) tools have potential for assisting these practices. Objective This study aimed to identify the need for, and barriers and facilitators related to, implementation of CDS tools for the clinical management of working patients in a variety of primary care settings. Methods We used a qualitative design that included analysis of interview transcripts and observational field notes from 10 clinics in five organizations. Results We interviewed 83 providers, staff members, managers, informatics and information technology experts, and leaders and spent 35 hours observing. We identified eight themes in four categories related to CDS for worker health (operational issues, usefulness of proposed CDS, effort and time-related issues, and topic-specific issues). These categories were classified as facilitators or barriers to the use of the CDS tools. Facilitators related to operational issues include current technical feasibility and new work patterns associated with the coordinated care model. Facilitators concerning usefulness include users' need for awareness and evidence-based tools, appropriateness of the proposed CDS for their patients, and the benefits of population health data. Barriers that are effort-related include additional time this proposed CDS might take, and other pressing organizational priorities. Barriers that are topic-specific include sensitive issues related to health and work and the complexities of information about work. Conclusion We discovered several themes not previously described that can guide future CDS development: technical feasibility of the proposed CDS within commercial EHRs, the sensitive nature of some CDS content, and the need to assist the entire health care team in managing worker health.
Leveraging Grain Size Effects on Hydrogen Generated via Doped Aluminum–Water Reactions Enabled by a Liquid Metal

Through the aluminum–water reaction, hydrogen is densely stored and generated on-demand. To enable the reaction, we harness eutectic gallium–indium which permeates through aluminum’s grain boundari...
The limit distribution in the q-CLT for is unique and can not have a compact support

In a paper by Umarov et al (2008 Milan J. Math. 76 307–28), a generalization of the Fourier transform, called the q-Fourier transform, was introduced and applied for the proof of a q-generalized central limit theorem (q-CLT). Subsequently, Hilhorst illustrated (2009 Braz. J. Phys. 39 371–9; 2010 J. Stat. Mech. P10023) that the q-Fourier transform for , is not invertible in the space of density functions. Indeed, using an invariance principle, he constructed a family of densities with the same q-Fourier transform and noted that 'as a consequence, the q-CLT falls short of achieving its stated goal'. The distributions constructed there have compact support. We prove now that the limit distribution in the q-CLT is unique and can not have a compact support. This result excludes all the possible counterexamples which can be constructed using the invariance principle and fills the gap mentioned by Hilhorst.
Paranoia, self-deception and overconfidence

Self-deception, paranoia, and overconfidence involve misbeliefs about the self, others, and world. They are often considered mistaken. Here we explore whether they might be adaptive, and further, whether they might be explicable in Bayesian terms. We administered a difficult perceptual judgment task with and without social influence (suggestions from a cooperating or competing partner). Crucially, the social influence was uninformative. We found that participants heeded the suggestions most under the most uncertain conditions and that they did so with high confidence, particularly if they were more paranoid. Model fitting to participant behavior revealed that their prior beliefs changed depending on whether the partner was a collaborator or competitor, however, those beliefs did not differ as a function of paranoia. Instead, paranoia, self-deception, and overconfidence were associated with participants' perceived instability of their own performance. These data are consistent with the idea that self-deception, paranoia, and overconfidence flourish under uncertainty, and have their roots in low self-esteem, rather than excessive social concern. The model suggests that spurious beliefs can have value-self-deception is irrational yet can facilitate optimal behavior. This occurs even at the expense of monetary rewards, perhaps explaining why self-deception and paranoia contribute to costly decisions which can spark financial crashes and devastating wars.
Nanocrystals and quantum dots formed by high-dose ion implantation

Ion implantation and thermal annealing have been used to produce a wide range of nanocrystals and quantum dots in amorphous (SiO{sub 2}) and crystalline (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) matrices. Nanocrystals of metals (Au), elemental semiconductors (Si and Ge), and even compound semiconductors (SiGe, CdSe, CdS) have been produced. In amorphous matrices, the nanocrystals are randomly oriented, but in crystalline matrices they are three dimensionally aligned. Evidence for photoluminescence and quantum confinement effects are presented.
Functional Contextualism: A Pragmatic Philosophy for Behavioral Science

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of functional contextualism which is a pragmatic philosophy for behavioral science. The chapter describes contextualism as functional contextualism, that is, as a pragmatic philosophy for behavioral science. It demonstrates the differences between mechanism and pragmatism; contextualism as a form of pragmatism; the philosophical inconsistency in behavior analysis stemming from inconsistency in Skinner's writing; the specific commonalities between contextualism and the pragmatic wing of behavior analysis; and some of the implications of adopting functional contextualism as an explicit philosophy for behavior analysis, particularly the freedom from implicit prejudices that have prevented behavior analysts from undertaking the analysis of private events. One goal of a pragmatic approach to the philosophy of science is to prevent the obstruction of useful inquiry. Behavior analysis and pragmatism have common roots in the American cultural tradition. Pragmatism interpreted in the context of behavior analysis evolves into a functional philosophy of science. Behavior analysis interpreted in the context of pragmatism clarifies its existing goals and subject matter, encouraging an integrated, focused, yet flexible science of behavior.
Global Justice, State Duties: International Financial Institutions, Transnational Corporations and Duties of States

International financial institutions and transnational corporations exert increasing influence on the human rights of populations worldwide. Simultaneously, growing global power imbalances make it increasingly difficult for weaker States to assert full control over policies that are central to their ability to fulfill their human rights obligations. While international human rights norms, and particularly economic, social and cultural (ESC) rights, may have an important role to play in addressing this power imbalance, the existing human rights legal framework is ill-equipped to deal with economic globalization and the human rights impact of powerful global actors. This Paper proposes a way in which these actors may be held accountable for their impacts under existing international human rights law. It first discusses accountability gaps in international law that undermine effective implementation of ESC rights, particularly those relating to non-state and foreign actors. It then critiques two existing arguments on how to read extraterritorial obligations into the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and proposes an alternative method that differentiates between the types of extraterritorial rights obligations that a State may incur. It concludes by suggesting specific ways that international financial institutions and transnational corporations can be held indirectly accountable for the ESC rights violations to which they contribute.
Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Bridging from the eXtreme to the campus and beyond

Welcome to the conference and the proceedings of the first annual gathering of an extended community of individuals interested in advancing research cyberinfrastructure and integrated digital services for the benefit of science and society.
Position sensorless vector control of the brushless synchronous motor

The position sensorless vector control scheme for the brushless excited synchronous motor based on the IGCT converter is presented in this paper. Since the instantaneous excitation current cannot be directly measured in this application, an adaptive rotor position and speed observer, which does not rely on the explicit estimation of the excitation current, is developed for the brushless excited synchronous motor. The roughly estimation of the excitation current is based on the average model of the excitation machine and the rotating rectification diode. The control algorithms are implemented and validated in a 2*27MVA motor pump-back test bench.
Sexual size dimorphism mediates effects of spatial resource variability on American black bear space use

The distribution of animals is influenced by numerous factors including spatial distribution and temporal availability of resources. We tested the spatial resource variability hypothesis (increasing landscape heterogeneity results in increasing amount of space use) and the temporal resource variability hypothesis (temporal variation in resources reduces amount of space use) using location data from radiomarked American black bears Ursus americanus in Missouri and Arkansas, USA. We used 95% utilization distributions (UDs) to define individual seasonal space use and constructed 22 models using covariates that described composition, spatial arrangement and diversity of land cover types (an index of heterogeneity or patchiness); seasonal hard mast production; and seasonal use of land cover to test our hypotheses using linear modeling and small-sample Akaike information criterion (AICc) model selection approaches. The AICc best performing model supported the spatial resource variability hypothesis and included Shannon diversity index [95% confidence limit (CL) of coefficient = 1.56–2.42] and sex (male; 95% CL of coefficient = 0.05–0.49) as covariates that explained variation in transformed values of UD size. Predicted and observed values during model evaluation were highly correlated (r = 0.90). As land cover heterogeneity increased, UD size increased, likely a consequence of bears responding to greater patchiness to maintain sufficient resources. Further, the Shannon diversity index was greater for males than females , suggesting larger bodied males used larger areas to meet their higher energetic costs due to landscape fragmentation. Studies of resource hypotheses in solitary species should consider intraspecific allometric relationships such as sexual size dimorphism as has been addressed using group size in social species.
Properties of phosphoribulokinase from Thiobacillus neapolitanus.

Partially purified preparations of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (specific activity, 50 to 125 μmoles per min per mg of protein) were employed in a series of kinetic experiments in the presence of several concentrations of H+, Mg2+, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). The pH optimum of the enzyme was found to be 7.9; at this pH and above, response of the enzyme to variations in ATP concentration was hyperbolic, exhibiting a Km of 7 × 10−4m ATP. At pH values below the optimum the response to ATP was sigmoidal, as it was throughout the entire pH range in the presence of PEP at a concentration greater than 5 × 10−4m. In the presence of PEP the pH optimum shifted to pH 8.4. In contrast, phosphoribulokinase from spinach exhibited hyperbolic responses throughout its pH range with no inhibition caused by PEP. Thiobacillus neapolitanus phosphoribulokinase was inhibited by PEP in a sigmoidal manner; however, in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of Mg2+ the addition of PEP caused significant stimulation of activity. It is postulated that the enzyme consists of interacting subunits with several sites on the enzyme for binding ATP and with several separate sites binding PEP. It is suggested that PEP functions as a regulator of CO2 fixation when the organism is under conditions of unlimited concentrations of substrate and CO2.