cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Load Balancing Using Time Series Analysis for Soft Real Time Systems with Statistically Periodic Loads

This thesis provides design and analysis of techniques for global load balancing on ensemble architectures running soft-real-time object-oriented applications with statistically periodic loads. It focuses on estimating the instantaneous average load over all the processing elements. The major contribution is the use of explicit stochastic process models for both the loading and the averaging itself. These models are exploited via statistical time-series analysis and Bayesian inference to provide improved average load estimates, and thus to facilitate global load balancing. This thesis explains the distributed algorithms used and provides some optimality results. It also describes the algorithms' implementation and gives performance results from simulation. These results show that our techniques allow more accurate estimation of the global system loading, resulting in fewer object migrations than local methods. Our method is shown to provide superior performance, relative not only to static load-balancing schemes but also to many adaptive load-balancing methods. Results from a preliminary analysis of another system and from simulation with a synthetic load provide some evidence of more general applicability.
Small Aircraft Transportation System, Higher Volume Operations Concept and Research Summary

The ability to conduct concurrent, multiple aircraft operations in poor weather at virtually any airport offers an important opportunity for a significant increase in the rate of flight operations, a major improvement in passenger convenience, and the potential to foster growth of operations at small airports. The Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS), Higher Volume Operations (HVO) concept is designed to increase capacity at the 3400 nonradar, non-towered airports in the United States where operations are currently restricted to “one-in/one-out” procedural separation during low visibility or ceilings. The concept’s key feature is that pilots maintain their own separation from other aircraft using air-to-air datalink and on-board software within the Self-Controlled Area (SCA), an area of flight operations established during poor visibility and low ceilings around an airport without Air Traffic Control (ATC) services. While pilots self-separate within the SCA, an Airport Management Module (AMM) located at the airport assigns arriving pilots their sequence based on aircraft performance, position, winds, missed approach requirements, and ATC intent. The HVO design uses distributed decision-making, safe procedures, attempts to minimize pilot and controller workload, and integrates with today’s ATC environment. This paper summarizes the HVO concept and procedures, presents a summary of the research conducted and results, and outlines areas where future HVO research is required.
Application of the hybrid orbital force field to a seriesof CH2X molecules

The Hybrid Orbital Force Field has been applied successfully to the followingmolecules containing the CH2X group: ethylene allene, ketene, diazomethane. Vibrational frequencies and Coriolis coupling coefficients, where available, were used as constraints in a least-squares fitting of the observed parameters. A parameter which allows for incomplete orbital following of the nuclear displacements was included in the force field. The converged force constants are reasonably consistent within the series for the stretching and symmetric deformation vibrations, but large differences occur in the CH2 rocking and skeletal bending modes. These differences reflect the influence of the X atom on the electron distribution in the CH2X group. The results indicate also that by means of hybridization changes the orbitals follow the nuclear displacements approximately 25% of the way in the case of the symmetric CH2 deformation and slightly more in the case of the CH2 rock.
Analyses of Sire Comparisons

Abstract Sires were evaluated by daughter average and mean weighted difference of first lactation daughters. Herdmates were restricted to first lactation daughters of the other sires in a specific comparison. With large numbers of daughters per sire, the daughter average had similar but generally slightly higher correlations with final predicted difference than did mean weighted differences. Such correlations were .17 and .15 higher for the daughter average in samples of 50 and 100 daughters per sire. These differences are largely attributable to the restrictive definition of herdmates. Using only the few herds having daughters of most or all sires of interest appeared to be an efficient way to select among sampled sires. Analysis of variance did not show significant interactions for either sire by method of comparison or sire by method of age correction. There was a significant sire by method of record extension interaction, but this had virtually no effect on the sire rankings.
Triphenylmethylphosphonium cation distribution as a measure of hormone-induced alterations in white adipocyte membrane potential

Triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP+) partitions into the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments in the rat white adipocyte in a potential-dependent fashion. The relationship between [3H]TPMP+ distribution, intracellular cAMP generation and lipolysis in response to hormones and cAMP-mimetic compounds was examined. Half-maximal [3H]TPMP+ efflux and glycerol release were produced by 15 and 9nm adrenocorticotropin, 170 and 110nm 1-epinephrine, 70 and 27 μm isobutylmethylxanthine and 800 and 750 μm dibutyryl cAMP, respectively. Hormone-stimulated cAMP generation was also correlated with [3H]TPMP+ efflux and lipolysis in terms of concentration dependency. In kinetic experiments, glycerol release and [3H]TPMP+ efflux in response to adrenocorticotropin or cholera toxin proceeded over a similar time course, whereas an earlier rise in cAMP generation was detected.
The Effectiveness of Student Canvassers1

Student E s delivered persuasive communications against U.S. involvement in S.E. Asis to community residents in the residents' homes. The S s received either a written communication (a pamphlet), or a verbal communication (a talk with a student E), or, on successive occasions, both. A control group received neither communication. Later all the Ss were approached by other student Es with a relevant opinion inventory. At this time they were also offered a choice of contrasting petitions to sign. The attitude measure reflected no difference as a result of the written communication, and a negative persuasion effect for the verbal communication. Also Ss signed significantly fewer petitions, whether pro or con, after the vcrbal communication. The pragmatic implications of these results are discussed as they relate to student canvassers in the community.
The effects of infants' illness on mothers' interactions with prematures at 4 and 8 months☆

Abstract This investigation explored the effects of illness on mother-infant interactions among three groups of prematures: infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and infants with no serious medical complications. Mother-infant interactions were coded from videotapes of teaching sessions at 4 and 8 months (correcting for prematurity). As predicted, BPD infant-mother pairs had less optimal interactions than RDS pairs and healthy preterm infant-mother dyads. The results of the present study demonstrated the importance of severity of illness not only for health status but also for mother-infant interactions.
Inference and Predictions from Poisson Point Processes Incorporating Expert Knowledge

Abstract We present a Bayesian approach for inference and predictions from nonhomogeneous Poisson point processes. The novel feature of our approach is the use of “expert knowledge” or “engineering information” on the mean value function of the process. We describe two scenarios from the field of reliability in which engineering information on the mean value function is available. The first scenario pertains to the prediction of software failures during the debugging phase. Here expert knowledge is provided by the published empirical experiences of software engineers involved with the testing and debugging of several software systems. The second scenario pertains to the prediction of defects in a rail segment for which expert knowledge is supplied by an engineering model.
LIPID CONSTITUENTS OF BLACK WALNUT KERNELS

Lipids from the kernels of black walnuts (Juglans nigra L.) were quantitated and identified by thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Four classes of lipids were prominent in the walnut oils and were identified as complex lipids, α, β-diglycerides, sterols, and triglycerides. Triglycerides were the predominant class and comprised 99.9% of the lipids. Twenty-one fatty acids were isolated and identified. Among these, unsaturated fatty acids were predominant and comprised ca 92% of the fatty acids. On the basis of total fatty acids, octadecenoic and octadecadienoic acids comprised 86.1%. Twelve acids were present in trace amounts and accounted for ca 0.06% of the total.
Friends' Accuracy and Bias in Rating Group Identification

Group identification predicts adherence to a group’s norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors. The ability to accurately perceive another’s degree of group identification may be important for predicting the other’s beliefs and actions. In two studies, we examine friends’ accuracy and bias in rating identification with social categories. Friends were asked to rate one another’s and their own identification with state (Studies 1 and 2), national, and global citizen (Study 2) social identities. Across both studies, friends were shown to be both accurate and biased in rating one another’s identification. Thus, although friends may project identification onto a friend (i.e., bias), friends are also able to accurately predict one another’s degree of connection to social groups. Furthermore, friends’ greater frequency of contact was found to increase accuracy in prediction. Together, the results provide initial evidence for future research examining person perception and intergroup interactions.
A PHASE I STUDY OF ACTIVE SPECIFIC INTRALYMPHATIC IMMUNOTHERAPY (ASILI)

Twenty-one patients with advanced malignancies who had exhausted or refused conventional modalities of treatment were entered in a Phase I toxicology trial of active specific intralymphatic immunotherapy (ASILI). The patients were immunized with 1 X 10(7) to 1.2 X 10(8) viable autochthonous or allogeneic irradiated tumor cells intralymphatically each month and received no other antineoplastic treatment. To date, 274 intralymphatic injections have been performed and except for one case of bacterial lymphangitis, no adverse side effects have been observed. ASILI did not significantly alter peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, absolute E-rosette forming cell levels, or EA-rosette forming cell levels. PHA reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased slightly in all but one patient tested. Seven out of nine patients who had not had delayed hypersensitivity to recall antigens developed positive reactions following ASILI. Sixteen out of twenty patients tested also developed reactivity to their immunizing cells after treatment. Objective regression (greater than 50% reduction of tumor mass) was observed in five out of nineteen evaluable patients. Six patient showed stabilization of tumor growth and eight patients continued to progress under treatment.
Intra-arterial thrombolysis

Intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis is an emerging treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke. In IA thrombolysis, the cervicocephalic arterial tree is traversed with an endovascular microcatheter delivery system, the catheter port is positioned immediately within and adjacent to the offending thrombus, and fibrinolytic agents are infused directly into the clot. This delivery technique permits high concentrations of lytic agent to be applied to the clot while minimizing systemic exposure. Early open series suggested that IA thrombolysis achieves higher recanalization rates than i.v. thrombolysis. The first randomized Phase III trial of IA thrombolysis, the Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism II (PROACT II) trial, confirmed this promise, showing that IA therapy begun up to 6 hours after symptom onset was associated with higher recanalization rates and better clinical outcomes, with acceptable hemorrhage rates. MRI studies have provided striking imaging evidence of the potential beneficial effects of IA therapy, showing not only rescue of regions of diffusion-perfusion mismatch but also normalization and salvage of some tissues with pretreatment bioenergetic failure evidenced by early diffusion abnormality. The Emergency Management of Stroke Bridging Trial demonstrated the feasibility of combined i.v. and intra-arterial thrombolysis. Intra-arterial thrombolysis is a promising treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke. In coming years, IA thrombolysis, alone or in combination with endovascular mechanical reperfusion techniques, is likely to be increasingly refined and validated and to become a widely accepted therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
Interactions of biopolymers with silica surfaces : Force measurements and electronic structure calculation studies

Abstract Pull-off forces were measured between a silica colloid attached to an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever and three homopolymer surfaces representing constituents of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The pull-off forces were −0.84 (±0.16), −0.68 (±0.15), and −2.37 (±0.31) nN as measured in water for dextran, phosphorylated dextran, and poly- l -lysine, respectively. Molecular orbital and density functional theory methods (DFT) were applied to analyze the measured pull-off forces using dimer clusters representing interactions between the three polymers and silica surfaces. Binding energies for each dimer were calculated with basis set superposition error (BSSE) and interpolated using corrections for silica surface hydroxyl density and silica charge density. The binding energies were compared with the normalized pull-off forces with the effective silica surface area contacting the polymer surfaces. The predicted binding energies at a −0.064 C/m 2 silica surface charge density corresponding to circum-neutral pH were −0.055, −0.029, and −0.338 × 10 −18 J/nm 2 for the dimers corresponding to the silica surface with dextran, phosphorylated dextran, and poly- l -lysine, respectively. Polarizable continuum model (PCM) calculations with different solvents, silanol vibrational frequency calculations, and orbital interaction analysis based on natural bonding orbital (NBO) showed that phosphate groups formed stronger H-bonds with neutral silanols than hydroxyl and amino functional groups of polymers, implying that phosphate containing polymers would play important roles in EPS binding to silica surfaces.
Clavdivs and the Pavian Inscription

The Pavian inscription ( C.I.L . v. 6416), which is usually interpreted as indicating Augustus' last settlement of the succession, contains the name of Claudius besides those of the Julian line. Mommsen ( Ber. d. sacks. Gesellsch . 1850, pp. 315 ff.) takes this fact as indicating that Claudius, though not adopted into the Julian line, was still in some way considered a member of the imperial household. I think that there is good ground for suspecting the part relating to Claudius as probably added by him at a later day, and that all arguments regarding his early life which are based upon its presence on the arch should submit to a resifting.
The Effect of Fermentation (Retting) Time and Harvest Time on Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) Fiber Strength

The noncommercial kudzu plant has been growing wild in the southern United States since the 1930s. In this article, the kudzu fibrous vine is investigated for possible economic applications. The feasibility of removing the fibers by microbial retting is investigated as a low-cost method for recovery of these fibers. The harvest season, vine diameter, and the natural retting time are the three main variables investigated to determine the optimal fiber tensile strength. To extract these light yellow, unidirectional, and multicellular kudzu fibers, retting using a culture screened from a naturally occurring mixed culture was investigated. Late fall, winter, and spring retted fibers were subjected to tensile strength tests. The kudzu fibers were harvested from the wild in both Nashville, TN and Muscle Shoals, AL.
Multi-phase CT enterography in obscure GI bleeding

Multiphase CT enterography is a modification of conventional abdominal CT designed to optimize detection of abnormalities responsible for obscure GI bleeding. This imaging test appears to be complimentary to wireless capsule endoscopy in the evaluation of this difficult group of patients. A description of exam technique, findings, and discussion of results will be presented in this article.
Sugar Monoculture, Bovid Skeletal Part Frequencies, and Stable Carbon Isotopes: Interpreting Enslaved African Diet at Brimstone Hill, St Kitts, West Indies

Abstract Sugar production was so pervasive in the British West Indies during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries that provisions were regularly shipped to the islands from as far away as Europe and North America. Skeletal part frequencies of bovids from late 18th century enslaved African contexts at Brimstone Hill Fortress, St Kitts, indicate that sheep and goats were probably raised locally, but that many of the cattle bones were transported to the site as barrelled beef. Stable carbon isotopes in sheep, goat, and cattle bones confirm these interpretations. This, in spite of the fact that cattle remains from Brimstone Hill included numerous marrow bones that ostensibly were excluded from barrelled beef. It is concluded that marrow bones, while reportedly excluded from barrelled beef, may have been included in provisions destined for enslaved Africans in the West Indies.
An approach to fuzzy noncooperative Nash games

Systems that involve more than one decision maker are often optimized using the theory of games. In the traditional game theory, it is assumed that each player has a well-defined quantitative utility func- tion over a set of the player decision space. Each player attempts to maximizeminimize hisher own expected utility and each is assumed to know the extensive game in full. At present, it cannot be claimed that the first assumption has been shown to be true in a wide variety of situations involving complex problems in economics, engineering, social and political sciences due to the difficulty inherent in defining an adequate utility function for each player in these types of problems. On the other hand, in many of such complex problems, each player has a heuristic knowledge of the desires of the other players and a heuristic knowledge of the control choices that they will make in order to meet their ends. In this paper, we utilize fuzzy set theory in order to incorporate the players' heuristic knowledge of decision making into the framework of conventional game theory or ordinal game theory. We define a new approach to N-person static fuzzy noncooperative games and develop a solution concept such as Nash for these types of games. We show that this general formulation of fuzzy noncooperative games can be applied to solve multidecision-making problems where no objective function is specified. The computational procedure is illustrated via application to a multiagent optimization problem dealing with the design and oper- ation of future military operations.
Solution Structure of a DNA Duplex Containing the Exocyclic Lesion 3,N4-Etheno-2‘-deoxycytidine Opposite 2‘-Deoxyguanosine†

Vinyl chloride reacts with cellular DNA producing 3,N4-etheno-2‘-deoxycytidine (eC) along with other exocyclic adducts. The solution structure of an oligodeoxynucleotide duplex containing an eC·dG base pair was determined by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. NMR data indicated that the duplex adopts a right-handed helical structure having all residues in anti orientation around the glycosylic torsion angle. The eC adduct has a sugar pucker in the C3‘-endo/C4‘-exo region while the rest of the residues are in the C2‘-endo/C3‘-exo range. NOE interactions established Watson−Crick alignments for canonical base pairs of the duplex. The imino proton of the lesion-containing base pair resonated as a sharp signal that was resistant to water exchange, suggesting hydrogen bonding. Restrained molecular dynamics simulations generated three-dimensional models in excellent agreement with the spectroscopic data. The refined structures are slightly bent at the lesion site without major p...
Degradation of certain organophosphate and carbamate insecticides by human brain esterases

Abstract A number of hydrolytic enzymes of the human brain were studied using thin-layer agar gel electrophoresis. Fourteen bands of esterase which actively degraded 1-naphthyl acetate were found also to degrade various substrates, including insecticidal organophosphates and carbamates. Each insecticide was found to be hydrolyzed by more than 1 esterase. Out of 14 bands, 4 of B-type esterases and 6 of A-type esterases including one DFPase were identified as hydrolyzing toxic phosphates and carbamates. By the use of acetylthiocholine as substrate, 1 band was found to have the properties of acetylcholinesterase.
Dramatic increases in speed and sensitivity of nonvideo intensified CCD cameras

Commercial realization of a new generation of intensified CCD (ICCD) cameras merges the speed traditionally associated with video systems with the sensitivity, dynamic range, and flexibility of scientific cameras. These advances in camera design were driven by the needs of specific applications for which no solution with sufficient speed and sensitivity had yet been offered. Recent developments in non-video scientific CCD devices have produced arrays that can operate both faster and with lower read noise than before. The frame transfer CCD utilized in this ICCD camera allows simultaneous exposure and readout, increasing the amount of time the CCD is collecting light to nearly 100%, and providing a 5 MHz readout rate at a fraction of the noise of video CCDs. The CCD also has none of the resolution, format, dynamic range, and timing limitations inherent in a video CCD. Camera subimaging and binning translates to frame rates many times faster than video. Both Gen II and "Gen IV" image intensifiers can be fiber optically coupled to the CCD for maximum throughput. Other camera design advances that will be discussed include a standard video output, dual analog channels, and a sealed package requiring no water or purge gas. Keywords: CCD, image intensifier, camera, digital imaging, high resolution cameras
Vasoconstrictor profile of the inferior epigastric artery.

Abstract The inferior epigastric artery is putative arterial bypass graft. The receptor mechanisms that control vascular tone are thought to play a role in the performance of bypass conduits. We have compared the vascular reactivity of the inferior epigastric artery with that of the internal mammary artery. Segments from a total of 15 inferior epigastric and 12 internal mammary arteries were examined for their response to increasing concentrations of noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, histamine, endotheline-1, or the thromboxane analogue U46619. The responsiveness of the smooth muscle was significantly greater in the inferior epigastric artery ( p p
Alternative treatment for the initiation of superfluorescence

An alternative treatment for the initiation of superfluorescence is given. It is explicitly demonstrated that superfluorescence can be initiated by the fluctuation of either the medium or the vacuum field, depending on the calculation scheme used. An alternative numerical simulation using a stochastic field input is shown to be equivalent to that of the usual initial fluctuating dipole distribution over the medium. In some cases this alternative treatment may be more convenient.
Caring for interpersonal violence survivors

Interpersonal violence is a serious public health problem in the United States. Millions of violent injuries occur each year, but the magnitude of the problem can only be estimated. The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System reported that 3,140,000 abused or neglected children were reported in 1994 to child protective services agencies.
The relation of firm size, security analyst bias, and neglect

(1989). The relation of firm size, security analyst bias, and neglect. Applied Economics: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 19-23.
Optimal cancer management includes influenza vaccination.

The influenza vaccine offers tremendous benefits in terms of reducing the burden associated with influenza in high-risk patients. However, uncertainty exists among health care providers on the safety and usefulness of the influenza vaccine among patients with cancer; therefore, it remains underused.1,2 Successful immunization depends on the immune system’s ability to produce antibodies when presented with vaccine antigens. Patients with cancer have double-pronged factors regarding their response to immunization: the effect of their disease state, which may be directly immunosuppressive, and the immunosuppressive effects of cancer treatment. Chemotherapy and radiation are intended to destroy rapidly growing tumor cells. Unfortunately, other rapidly growing cells, such as white blood cells, are also adversely affected by such treatment. Cancer patients may have a diminished response to vaccination compared with healthy recipients. However, immunity does develop in a proportion of these patients, warranting the use of the vaccine in this population.3 To ensure optimal use, educating health care providers and patients on the efficacy, safety, product selection, and appropriate timing of influenza vaccination is necessary.
Modelling truck camper production

This note describes an interdisciplinary project designed to enhance students' knowledge of the basic techniques taught in a multivariable calculus course. The note discusses the four main requirements of the project and then the solutions for each requirement. Concepts covered include differentials, gradients, Lagrange multipliers, constrained and unconstrained optimization, level curves (isoquants and isocosts), marginal revenue and cost, the law of diminishing returns, marginal productivity, and inventory control.
Silicon-on-Nitride Waveguide With Ultralow Dispersion Over an Octave-Spanning Mid-Infrared Wavelength Range

The proposed silicon-on-nitride (SON) waveguide exhibits an ultrabroadband (4200 nm), low chromatic dispersion in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength region from 2430 to 6630 nm. It has two zero-dispersion wavelengths within the span. Even at 6 , the nonlinear coefficients of the SON waveguides are still comparable with the ones of integrated waveguides around 1550 nm, which are widely used for octave-spanning nonlinear process. This enables a potential nonlinear optical platform for broadband signal processing across the over-one-octave MIR bandwidth.
Validity of Adolescent Self-Report of Alcohol and Other Drug Involvement

Validity of adolescent self-report of alcohol and drug use and consequential effects and problems is examined. Validity is discussed in terms of its importance in research and clinical work. Also, results from a recent study are presented that focus on self-report temporal stability and response bias tendencies as evidence of validity of self-report. Study results indicate that the great majority of drug clinic and school teenagers gave temporally consistent reports of substance involvement and that only a small proportion of drug clinic and school subjects presented extreme response bias tendencies. [Translations are provided in the International Abstracts section of this issue.]
E-Cadherin Expression in Melanoma Cells Restores Keratinocyte-Mediated Growth Control and Down-Regulates Expression of Invasion-Related Adhesion Receptors

In human epidermis, functional symbiosis requires homeostatic balance between keratinocytes and melanocytes. Compelling evidence from co-culture studies demonstrated a sophisticated, multileveled regulation of normal melanocytic phenotype orchestrated by undifferentiated, basal-type keratinocytes. Keratinocytes control cell growth and dendricity, as well as expression of melanoma-associated cell surface molecules of normal melanocytes. In contrast, melanoma cells are refractory to the keratinocyte-mediated regulation. The loss of regulatory dominance by keratinocytes occurs in concert with down-regulation of E-cadherin expression in melanoma cells. To investigate the potential role of E-cadherin in melanoma-keratinocyte interaction, we transduced E-cadherin-negative melanoma cells with full-length E-cadherin cDNA using an adenoviral vector. Our results show that functional E-cadherin expression in melanoma cells leads to cell adhesion to keratinocytes rendering them susceptible for keratinocyte-mediated control. In a skin reconstruction model, ectopic E-cadherin expression inhibits invasion of melanoma cells into dermis by down-regulating invasion-related adhesion receptors, MelCAM/MUC18 and β3 integrin subunit, and by induction of apoptosis. Thus, disruption of the E-cadherin-mediated, normal regulatory control from keratinocytes may represent one of the mechanisms accounting for melanocyte transformation.
Religious Celebrity: An Analysis of Image Repair Discourse

In all of the communication literature on crisis communication, not one study has been done that looks at the unique situation of a religious person or organization in crisis. This article uses the infamous 1988 crisis of the televangelist Jimmy Swaggart as a case study for religious crisis communication. The theories of Fink (1986) and Benoit (1997) are used to analyze the situation and explain how Swaggart constructed his image repair campaign. The article also illustrates how these two theories can be used in conjunction to offer a more complete understanding of the crisis situation, and offers a unique look at how religion impacts crisis communication.
Percentage of core lengths involved with prostate cancer: does it add to the percentage of positive prostate biopsies in predicting postoperative prostate-specific antigen outcome for men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer?

Abstract Objectives. To evaluate whether the percentage of core lengths involved with prostate cancer added clinically significant information concerning the time to postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure in the intermediate-risk patient beyond what is provided by the percentage of positive biopsies. Methods. Cox regression multivariable analysis was performed to compare the ability of the two measurements of biopsy cancer volume to predict the time to PSA failure from a series of 184 surgically treated intermediate-risk patients. PSA outcome was estimated using the actuarial method of Kaplan and Meier, and comparisons were made using the log-rank test. Results. Both the percentage of core lengths involved with prostate cancer (P = 0.01) and the percentage of positive biopsies (P = 0.002) were significant predictors of the time to PSA failure on univariable analysis. The 4-year PSA outcome was 83% versus 47% (P = 0.0008) and 83% versus 53% (P = 0.007) for the percentage of positive biopsies stratified by 50% or less versus greater than 50% and the percentage of core lengths involved with prostate cancer stratified by 25% or less versus greater than 25%, respectively. However, only the percentage of positive biopsies remained significant (P = 0.03) on multivariable analysis. Conclusions. The percentage of core lengths involved with prostate cancer did not provide additional clinically relevant information to the percentage of positive biopsies for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Therefore, the routine measurement of core involvement may not be necessary in this patient population.
Origin of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-immunoreactive fibers innervating guinea pig parasympathetic cardiac ganglia.

The present study investigated the origin of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) -immunoreactive (IR) fibers innervating guinea pig cardiac ganglia. Immunohistochemistry was performed on whole-mounts containing cardiac ganglia, and sections of stellate, nodose, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG, thoracic levels 1–4), and caudal medulla. In control preparations, only 4% of the cardiac neurons were PACAP-IR, although most cardiac ganglion cells were surrounded by a network of PACAP-IR fibers. After 3–7 days in explant culture, the number of PACAP-IR cardiac neurons increased approximately eightfold. However, virtually all PACAP-IR fibers surrounding the cardiac neurons had degenerated, demonstrating that the major source of the PACAP-IR fibers was extrinsic to the cardiac ganglia preparation. PACAP- and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity were colocalized in fibers within the stellate ganglia but not within neuropeptide Y (NPY) -IR cell bodies and fibers. PACAP-IR cells and fibers were present in the nodose ganglia. PACAP immunoreactivity also was present in fibers and primarily small neurons in thoracic DRGs. In situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of proPACAP mRNA within neurons in the region of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and nucleus ambiguus. PACAP immunoreactivity was colocalized with ChAT immunoreactivity, but not with NPY immunoreactivity or SP immunoreactivity, in fibers surrounding neurons within cardiac ganglia. We conclude that PACAP-containing fibers innervating the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in guinea pig cardiac ganglia are primarily preganglionic parasympathetic axons. J. Comp. Neurol. 423:26–39, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A high-shear, low Reynolds number microfluidic rheometer

We present a microfluidic rheometer that uses in situ pressure sensors to measure the viscosity of liquids at low Reynolds number. Viscosity is measured in a long, straight channel using a PDMS-based microfluidic device that consists of a channel layer and a sensing membrane integrated with an array of piezoresistive pressure sensors via plasma surface treatment. The micro-pressure sensor is fabricated using conductive particles/PDMS composites. The sensing membrane maps pressure differences at various locations within the channel in order to measure the fluid shear stress in situ at a prescribed shear rate to estimate the fluid viscosity. We find that the device is capable to measure the viscosity of both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids for shear rates up to 104 s−1 while keeping the Reynolds number well below 1.
ION PENETRATION THROUGH TUBULAR ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES.

Etude sur du polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacetate d'ethyl vinyle et polyperfluorosulfonate. Influence de la taille et de la charge de l'ion
Model projections of atmospheric steering of Sandy-like superstorms

Superstorm Sandy ravaged the eastern seaboard of the United States, costing a great number of lives and billions of dollars in damage. Whether events like Sandy will become more frequent as anthropogenic greenhouse gases continue to increase remains an open and complex question. Here we consider whether the persistent large-scale atmospheric patterns that steered Sandy onto the coast will become more frequent in the coming decades. Using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 multimodel ensemble, we demonstrate that climate models consistently project a decrease in the frequency and persistence of the westward flow that led to Sandy’s unprecedented track, implying that future atmospheric conditions are less likely than at present to propel storms westward into the coast.
Thyroid storm after coronary artery bypass grafting.

We describe a 45-year-old woman with thyroid storm developing after urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The hallmark clinical features included fever, tachycardia, depressed mental status, and jaundice. Thyroid testing confirmed severe hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease. The patient was rendered euthyroid after initiation of therapy with methimazole (INN, thiamazole), potassium iodide, and hydrocortisone.
Measurement of Solder/Copper Interfacial Thermal Resistance by the Flash Technique

A feasibility study was conducted to determine the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) in both bi- and tri-layered eutectic lead–tin solder/copper specimens by the flash technique. The solder/copper ITR results of the two sets of specimen showed excellent agreement. The values were found to range from 0.011 to 0.033K·cm2·W−1 with an average of about 0.020 K·cm2· W−1. The variation was attributed primarily to the imperfection of the solder/copper bonding established by scanning acoustic microscopy.
An Instrument To Measure Anomia

Three instruments designed to measure anomia were factor analyzed, yielding a 12 item unidimensional scale. Four hundred and eighty-six disadvantaged adults from 12 North Carolina communities were ...
Comment on Xiao et al. (2009), response to: the rise of bilaterians

In this rejoinder to Xiao et al., I will concentrate on two issues: the methodology used by Shen et al. and the assertion that the data supporting the existence of crown-group sponges, cnidarians a...
Control flow analysis in scheme

Traditional flow analysis techniques, such as the ones typically employed by optimizing Fortran compilers, do not work for Scheme-like languages. This paper presents a flow analysis technique — control flow analysis — which is applicable to Scheme-like languages. As a demonstration application, the information gathered by control flow analysis is used to perform a traditional flow analysis problem, induction variable elimination. Extensions and limitations are discussed.The techniques presented in this paper are backed up by working code. They are applicable not only to Scheme, but also to related languages, such as Common Lisp and ML.
Revealing substrate promiscuity of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase

A study of DXP synthase has revealed flexibility in the acceptor substrate binding pocket for nonpolar substrates and has uncovered new details of the catalytic mechanism to show that pyruvate can act as both donor and acceptor substrate.
A new electronic method for simultaneous recording of the ballistocardiograph and electrocardiograph

Abstract 1. 1. An electronic dual recording apparatus is described and illustrated. Simultaneous tracings of the electrocardiogram and ballistocardiogram can be obtained with this apparatus. 2. 2. Both normal and abnormal tracings are reviewed in order to demonstrate some of the results obtained.
Advanced cranial reconstruction using intracranial free flaps and cranial bone grafts: an algorithmic approach developed from the modern battlefield.

Background:The objective of this study was to report outcomes after initiation of an algorithmic approach (Bethesda protocol) using intracranial free flaps, cranial bone autografts, and dermal/fat grafts to treat warfare-related cranial frontofacial defects after war-related decompressive craniectom
Racial prejudice in a search model of the urban housing market

Abstract A simple model of buyer search in an urban housing market is employed to demonstrate that if some whites are unwilling to sell housing to blacks competitive equilibria in which blacks pay more for housing than whites are sustainable. The model is also used to consider a number of issues in the literature on housing discrimination. Most important, it is shown that in equilibrium the housing market will be racially segmented under a wide variety of conditions.
On teaching *how to design programs*: observations from a newcomer

This paper presents a personal, qualitative case study of a first course using How to Design Programs and its functional teaching languages. The paper reconceptualizes the book's six-step design process as an eight-step design process ending in a new "review and refactor" step. It recommends specific approaches to students' difficulties with function descriptions, function templates, data examples, and other parts of the design process. It connects the process to interactive "world programs." It recounts significant, informative missteps in course design and delivery. Finally, it identifies some unsolved teaching problems and some potential solutions.
The distribution of risk and density-dependent mortality in the galls of Eurosta solidaginis, the goldenrod gall fly

ABSTRACT. 1This paper explores the net effect of a suite of mortality factors on a sedentary prey, the larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis Fitch (Diptera: Tephritidae). 2Mortality is caused by unknown factors early in larval development, two species of parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), an inquiline beetle larva (Coleoptera: Mordellidae), and during the winter months downy woodpeckers Picoides pubescens (L.). 3Distribution of mortality among galls relative to prey (gall) distribution was measured and discussed with respect to the distribution of relative risk of predation. 4Galls are by and large contagiously distributed among quadrats, and mortality is distributed in a comparable pattern to that of galls. 5The pattern of mortality on Eurosta larvae is neither density-dependent nor aggregated independently of gall distribution. Persistence in the system is probably a result of a combination of other factors such as adult mortality and early larval death which may have intergenerational density-dependent effects, and the linkage of locally unstable sub-populations via migration.
Neural activity in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca can be modulated by electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb and cortex in rats

Previously published theoretical models of olfactory processing suggest that cholinergic modulatory inputs to the olfactory system should be regulated by neural activity in the olfactory bulb. We tested these predictions using in vivo electrophysiology in rats. We show that the activity of approximately 20% of neurons recorded in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB), which is the source of cholinergic projections to the olfactory system, can be modulated by electrical stimulation of either the lateral olfactory tract or the cell body layer of piriform cortex. These data suggest a possible physiological pathway for the proposed regulation of neural activity in the HDB by activity in the olfactory bulb or cortex.
Economic sanctions A blunt instrument

Economic sanctions have been referred to as a blunt instrument that the international community has often wielded without full consideration of the impact that these measures will have on the popul...
Prevention of Myocardial Damage during Cardiac Operations

WHEN the cardiopulmonary-bypass technic for cardiac operations began to evolve in the mid-1950's, there was wide enthusiasm for its potential benefits. It soon became apparent, however, that some o...
The minimax path in a search for a circle in a plane

The problem has been considered by Isbell of determining the path that minimizes the maximum distance along the path to a line in the same plane whose distance from the starting point of the search is known, while its direction is unknown. We consider in this article the analogous problem for the search for a circle of known radius, of known distance from a starting point in its plane. It is further shown that Isbell's solution is a limiting case of the problem posed as the radius of the circle tends to infinity. The problem appears to be of some practical significance, since it is equivalent to that of searching for an object a given distance away which will be spotted when we get sufficiently close—that is, within a specific radius.
Measurement of the acoustic-phonon mean free path in a free-standing metal film.

In this paper we describe an electron heating experiment performed on thin, free-standing metallic films in a vacuum. In the steady state, the resistance change with electric field is found to be different to that observed on similar films supported by a substrate. By considering the power balance between the electrons and phonons in the film, we show that the phonon mean free path is close to the film thickness and that the electron-phonon coupling strength is consistent with other measurements.
Do exporters pay higher wages? Plant-level evidence from an export refund policy in Chile

The impact of increased export activity on plant wages is estimated in a developing country context. To avoid potential endogenous selection problems, the empirical analysis benefits from exogenous variation in exports induced by a policy experiment, an export subsidy system implemented in Chile in 1986. Analyses using data from a panel survey of Chilean manufacturing establishments show that while the export subsidy had only a modest positive impact on the industry wide relative high-skilled wage, it significantly increased the plant-level relative high-skilled wage in medium-size establishments, which are most likely to take advantage of the subsidy and enter the export market.
WHO BENEFITS FROM PUBLIC EDUCATION EXPENDITURES

In most countries, governments remain the largest financiers and providers of education. This note examines the evidence on the extent to which public expenditure on education have been effective in reaching the poor. The distribution of educational expenditures is inequitable, especially at the post-primary levels, where poor income groups are under-represented as compared with higher income groups. Targeted financing and a redefinition of the role of the government vis-a-vis the non-public sector can help achieve greater equity and efficiency.
Melting of germanium to 65 kbar

Abstract Melting curve of germanium has been determined to 65 kbar in a single stage piston- cylinder apparatus. The melting curve is slightly concave towards the pressure axis. This trend is apparently in agreement with Bundy's data replotted on the revised pressure scale.
Morphological Errors in Spanish Second Language Learners and Heritage Speakers.

Morphological variability and the source of these errors have been intensely debated in SLA. A recurrent finding is that postpuberty second language (L2) learners often omit or use the wrong affix for nominal and verbal inflections in oral production but less so in written tasks. According to the missing surface inflection hypothesis, L2 learners have intact functional projections, but errors stem from problems during production only (a mapping or processing deficit). This article shows that morphological variability is also characteristic of heritage speakers (early bilinguals of ethnic minority languages) who were exposed to the family language naturalistically in early childhood but failed to acquire age-appropriate linguistic competence in the language. However, because errors in heritage speakers are more frequent in written than in oral tasks, the missing surface inflection hypothesis does not apply to them. The discussion considers how morphological errors in the two populations seem to be related to the type of experience.
Physical Properties, Sensory Attributes, and Consumer Preference of Pear Fruit Leather

ABSTRACT: Pear fruit leathers were prepared by drying a mixture of pear juice concentrate, pectin, corn syrup, and water at 70°C for 8 h. The effects of ingredients on texture, color, microbial growth, moisture content (MC), water activity (aw), glass transition temperature (Tg), and sensory attributes were investigated. Pectin was the most significant independent variable that affected the properties of interest. This was followed by initial moisture content and corn syrup. Glass transition temperature (Tg) was not useful for predicting microbiological attributes but had strong correlations with instrumental and sensory hardness and chewiness. The results from partial least squares analysis (PLS) indicate instrumental hardness, chewiness, and cohesiveness could be used to predict their corresponding sensory attributes. The consumer liking of pear fruit leather could be increased by raising their fruit aroma, sweetness, tartness, and shininess.