cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complications of rhinoplasty.

All surgical procedures have a possibility for complication. The percentage of complication of nasal surgeries falls around 4–18.8%. As the surgeon gains more experience, this rate tends to decrease. The complications of skin and related soft tissue take place in almost 10% of cases. Rhinoplasty is estimated to be associated with severe systemic or life-threatening complications in 1.7–5% of all cases. The clinical features of the complications are categorized as functional, infectious, aesthetic, and psychological. The complications of rhinoplasty may be evaluated in four main categories according to the time as intraoperative, immediate postoperative (in the recovery ward), early postoperative, and late postoperative. Specific complications are other categories, which may be discussed in rhinoplasties. These are functional disturbances, transplants and implants, skin and soft tissue complications, and postoperative deformities. During medial osteotomy, if the cephalic fracture is made higher in the thicker part of the frontonasal junction, “Rocker” deformity may be created. The failure in the alignment of the lateral segments with the septal dorsum after osteotomies may result in a visually and palpably noticeable gap, called as “open-roof” deformity. “Step” deformity can be seen if one of the lateral osteotomies is made medial to the nasofacial groove, with a ridge visibly seen on that side of the nose. The osteotomy can be repeated at the appropriate level to correct this deformity.
Asialoglycoprotein receptor mRNAs are expressed in most extrahepatic rat tissues during development.

The expression of an asialoglycoprotein receptor, comprised of a major (R-1) and minor (R-2/3) component, was characterized in various rat tissues during postnatal development. Two R-1 mRNA subspecies were identified in the liver by Northern blots. The 1.4-kb form, which was the predominant subspecies in the liver, was detected in small amounts only in the stomach and kidney. The 1.7-kb mRNA, however, was present in all extrahepatic tissues examined. R-1 mRNA content in the liver increased by only 38% during the suckling period, but the extrahepatic R-1 mRNA had a dramatic biphasic developmental pattern with the highest levels at birth and after weaning. The R-2/3 mRNA was present as a single species on Northern blot in the liver and in a restricted number of extrahepatic tissues (salivary glands, ileum, and kidney) but was detected in most tissues by polymerase chain reaction. The R-2/3 mRNA content in the liver increased fourfold after birth but was consistently low in the other tissues. [57Co]cobalamin...
Feasibility and efficacy of a mass switch from ranibizumab (Lucentis) to bevacizumab (Avastin) for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE To assess the feasibility and potential obstacles of a departmental switch from ranibizumab (Lucentis, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) to bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A total of 154 eyes treated for wet AMD with ranibizumab or bevacizumab were examined over a 10-month period. The treatment protocol was monthly induction therapy followed by injections as needed for macular edema or subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography, new hemorrhage or edema on examination, worsening vision, or leakage on fluorescein angiography. Central subfield thickness and pinhole vision were the main treatment outcomes. Study windows were compared using t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. Statistical significance was defined as a P value of <0.05. RESULTS The majority of patients (88%) were willing to accept a bevacizumab injection. There was no difference in frequency of injection, central subfield thickness, visual outcome, or endophthalmitis rate between the ranibizumab and bevacizumab groups. A small subset of patients (4.5%) appeared to respond more favorably to ranibizumab than bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS Bevacizumab appears to be a cost-effective alternative to ranibizumab for the treatment of neovascular AMD. Patients previously treated with ranibizumab are typically willing to switch to bevacizumab. In the overwhelming majority of patients, there is no major decline in clinical status. However, select patients may respond better to ranibizumab injections.
Robots, Programming and Coding, Oh My!.

Today's children need learning opportunities from cradle to career that build the knowledge and skills necessary to thrive in our interconnected and constantly changing world. This means putting 21st century skills, including creativity, innovation, critical thinking, and problem solving, at the center of learning, both in and out of school. As every parent who has seen their young child quickly and adeptly learn to operate a smartphone would undoubtedly agree, no age is too early to begin fostering these skills. Eugene Geist explores how developmentally appropriate coding and programming activities can serve as a vehicle for the exploration, discovery, and innovation that are central to 21st century skill building and essential when preparing children for the jobs of the future.
Chanka and Quichua Community Profiles and Mortuary Practices

Mortuary practices transformed in the aftermath of Wari’s fragmentation. Key was the abrupt and ubiquitous use of communal, commingled anthropogenic cave tombs known as machay. Artifacts and human remains from Quichua and Chanka funerary sites in Andahuaylas reveal the changing role funerary rites and dead bodies themselves played in ordering the activities, rights, and responsibilities of living descendants. Demographic profiles of the entombed skeletons inform on the principles that structured internment as well as community organization writ large. The origins of the Chanka and Quichua populations, and their relationship to earlier Wari-affiliated people in Andahuaylas, are interrogated through skeletal indicators of biological affinity. Enduring uncertainties, concerning either mass displacement or more limited migrations associated with unfolding social disasters, are clarified using a fairly reliable bioarchaeological geo-location technique known as strontium isotope analysis.
Solution Biasing for Optimized Cloud Workload Placement

We consider the cloud workload placement problem, which is a mapping of logical to physical entities, that satisfies some constraints and optimizes an objective function. We describe an efficient solution technique that is based on random search methods and uses biased statistical sampling methods. In particular, the proposed technique utilizes (1) importance sampling as a mechanism for characterizing the optimal solution through marginal distributions, (2) independent sampling via a modified Gibbs sampler with intra-sample dependency, and (3) a jumping distribution that uses conditionals derived from the relationship constraints given in the user request and cloud system topology, and the importance sampling marginal distributions as posterior distributions. We demonstrate the feasibility of our methodology using several large-size simulation experiments. In a case where an optimal solution may be obtained, we show that our method is within 20% of optimality. Since the magnitude of biasing impacts the quality of placement, we investigate the tradeoff between biasing and optimality of placement solutions.
BCL6 Inhibitor Peptide Have Powerful Anti-Lymphoma Activity in Animal Models of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Synergize with Other Anti-Lymphoma Drugs.

The BCL6 oncogenic transcriptional repressor is constitutively expressed in about 60% of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas (DLBCLs). We previously developed a recombinant inhibitor peptide that specifically blocks the ability of BCL6 to mediate transcriptional repression. Based on this peptide, we developed a novel retro-Inverso peptidomimetic inhibitor called BPI (BCL6 Peptidomimetic Inhibitor) that is far more potent and stable than its prototype. We have treated a large panel of DLBCL cell lines with BPI to determine the spectrum and mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to this agent. BPI (1 to 20 μM) caused dose dependent killing of 6 of 10 DLBCL cell lines in vitro. Sensitive DLBCL cell lines display a high percentage of necrotic and apoptotic cells as shown by 7-ADD and Annexin-V staining. Additionally, by BrdU incorporation plus PI staining, we demonstrated that cells undergo cell cycle arrest before the death pathway is initiated. Since BCL6 represses genes involved in DNA repair checkpoints, cell cycle and protein ubiquitylation and degradation, we predicted that combination therapy with cytotoxic drugs or drugs that alter cellular protein metabolism might synergize with BPI to kill DLBCL cells. We performed combinatorial therapy studies where additional drugs were administered 24 hours after BPI and cells were evaluated for viability in several different assays. We found an additive to synergistic effect of BPI with several cytotoxic drugs commonly used in lymphoma therapy (such as doxorubicin, alkylating agents, etoposide and dexamethasone), as well as bortezomib (a proteasome inhibitor). In vivo xenotransplantation studies with the BPI sensitive cell lines Ly1, Ly7, SUDHL4 and SUDHL6 showed a marked decrease in tumor size and weight (p=0.03 for control vs BPI, T-test), as well as serum β2-microglobulin (BPI: 6.5 ± 2 μg/ml vs control: 14.3 ± 2.5 μg/ml, p=0.02), even when BPI was administered at very low doses (150 μg per day). The tumor remnants from BPI treated animals showed extensive induction of apoptosis (determined by TUNEL), a lower mitotic index (2 ± 0.8/100 cells vs 4.8 ± 0.9/100 cells, for BPI vs. control respectively, p
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF THYROLIBERIN ON TOLERANCE TO THE ANALGESIC AND HYPOTHERMIC EFFECTS OF MORPHINE IN MICE

Administration of thyroliberin (TRH) inhibited the development of tolerance to the analgesic but not to the hypothermic effect of morphine in mice. This suggests a role of TRH in chronic actions of morphine and that different mechanisms may be involved in the development of tolerance to different actions of morphine.
An Introduction to Infinite HMMs for Single-Molecule Data Analysis.

The hidden Markov model (HMM) has been a workhorse of single-molecule data analysis and is now commonly used as a stand-alone tool in time series analysis or in conjunction with other analysis methods such as tracking. Here, we provide a conceptual introduction to an important generalization of the HMM, which is poised to have a deep impact across the field of biophysics: the infinite HMM (iHMM). As a modeling tool, iHMMs can analyze sequential data without a priori setting a specific number of states as required for the traditional (finite) HMM. Although the current literature on the iHMM is primarily intended for audiences in statistics, the idea is powerful and the iHMM’s breadth in applicability outside machine learning and data science warrants a careful exposition. Here, we explain the key ideas underlying the iHMM, with a special emphasis on implementation, and provide a description of a code we are making freely available. In a companion article, we provide an important extension of the iHMM to accommodate complications such as drift.
Cardiac Dysrhythmias and Neurological Dysregulation: Manifestations of Profound Hypomagnesemia

Magnesium is the second most common intracellular cation and serves as an important metabolic cofactor to over 300 enzymatic reactions throughout the human body. Among its various roles, magnesium modulates calcium entry and release from sarcoplasmic reticulum and regulates ATP pumps in myocytes and neurons, thereby regulating cardiac and neuronal excitability. Therefore, deficiency of this essential mineral may result in serious cardiovascular and neurologic derangements. In this case, we present the clinical course of a 76-year-old woman who presented with marked cardiac and neurological signs and symptoms which developed as a result of severe hypomagnesemia. The patient promptly responded to magnesium replacement once the diagnosis was established. We herein discuss the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of severe hypomagnesemia and emphasize the implications of magnesium deficiency in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Furthermore, this case highlights the importance of having high vigilance for hypomagnesemia in the appropriate clinical setting.
ESR Detection of X-Ray-Induced Free Radicals in Crosslinked Silica Aerogels

Aerogels are a promising material for aerospace applications and have recently been explored for biomedical applications also. In both environments, exposure to radiation is inevitable, such as from radiation in space or, radiation-based sterilization and tracking of implants. X-ray radiation, in particular, is of a concern. Here, polyurea-crosslinked silica aerogel (PCSA) samples were exposed to approximately 170- and 500-Gy X-irradiation at room temperature under varying environmental conditions and characterized using electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. Results obtained for PCSA were compared with those from polyether-ether ketone (PEEK) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) which served as benchmarks for this study. PEEK is known to be very radiation resistant, while UHMWPE is known to be less radiation resistant. All materials (PCSA, PEEK, and UHMWPE) were exposed to the same treatments and exposure conditions. Two exposure times were tested: 10 min and 30 min which corresponded to “low” and “high” conditions, as well as comparisons of nitrogen vs. air environments during exposure and post-exposure storage. Results showed significant quantities of free radicals produced in PCSA after exposure to X-irradiation which scaled with radiation dosage; quantities were in-between those produced in PEEK and UHMWPE. The storage conditions (air vs. nitrogen) also played an important role in the free radical levels detected and are reported in this study.
Statistical Consistency of Coalescent-Based Species Tree Methods Under Models of Missing Data

The estimation of species trees from multiple genes is complicated by processes such as incomplete lineage sorting, duplication and loss, and horizontal gene transfer, that result in gene trees that differ from the species tree. Methods to estimate species trees in the presence of gene tree discord resulting from incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) have been developed and proved to be statistically consistent when gene tree discord is due only to ILS and every gene tree has the full set of species. Here we address statistical consistency of coalescent-based species tree estimation methods when gene trees are missing species, i.e., in the presence of missing data.
Abstract 19194: FUNDC1 Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics to Participate in High Fat Diet-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Introduction: The outer mitochondrial membrane protein FUNDC1 interacts with LC3 to recruit autophagosomes, although its role in high fat diet intake-induced myopathic changes remains poorly understood. High fat diet intake triggers cardiac geometric and functional anomalies. Given the key role of mitophagy in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, this study was designed to evaluate the role of FUNDC1 in the regulation of mitophagy and cardiac homeostasis in the face of high fat diet intake. Methods: Wild type (WT) and FUNDC1 mutant (FUNDC1-/-) mice were fed low fat diet (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Metabolic rate, glucose tolerance, Echocardiography, cardiomyocyte mechanical function, aconitase activity, ROS generation and mitochondrial respiration were assessed. Cell signaling pathways were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Results: FUNDC1 ablation did not affect HFD-induced adiposity and insulin resistance, as evidenced by body weight gain and glucose intolerance. In addition, there was little difference in metabolic parameters (VO 2 , VCO 2 , RER, energy expenditure and physical activity) between WT and FUNDC1-/- mice fed HFD. However, FUNDC1 ablation accentuated HFD-elicited cardiac contractile dysfunction, as evidenced by echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca 2+ properties. HFD-feeding caused more extensive mitochondrial injury and ROS generation with a more pronounced effect in FUNDC1-/- mice. Myocardial autophagy was drastically reduced with a much more pronounced effect in FundC1 deficient mice. Mitochondrial respiration from HFD-FUNDC1-/- mice was reduced during ADP-dependent respiration compared with WT mice. HFD down-regulated phosphorylation of FUNDC1, promoted the dissociation of FUNDC1 from both OPA1 and LC3B while facilitating the association with DNM1L/DRP1, denoting inhibited mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Furthermore, the effect of HFD on interaction of OPA1, DNM1L/DRP1 and LC3B was exacerbated by FUNDC1 deletion. Conclusions: Our work revealed that FUNDC1 ablation exacerbates HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial injury, possibly in association with inhibition of appropriate mitochondrial fission and thus cardiac autophagy.
Spotlight on early childhood education. A newspaper coverage analysis of universal preschool debate in Argentina

Throughout the past decade, the Argentinean government has lowered the starting age of compulsory education and early childhood education enrollment has been growing steadily. However, ECE services have evolved in a fragmented manner, leading to an unequal and inequitable scenario: while private education supports the largest part of the growth, children from low-income families are less likely to attend preschool and more likely to receive low-quality service. Through a newspaper coverage analysis, I explore how these problems are addressed in the public debate on universal preschool. Results show that the voices of policy-makers and “experts” are prominent while teachers’ and parents’ views are ignored; I found a widespread consensus for universal preschool and a scarcity of arguments against. I suggest the need to draw on research findings in ECE more critically and posit that the need to ensure high quality preschool for all children should be central in the debate.
Heme oxygenase-1 promoter region (GT)n polymorphism associates with increased neuroimmune activation and risk for encephalitis in HIV infection

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a critical cytoprotective enzyme that limits oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular injury within the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues. We previously demonstrated that HO-1 protein expression is decreased within the brains of HIV+ subjects and that this HO-1 reduction correlates with CNS immune activation and neurocognitive dysfunction. To define a potential CNS protective role for HO-1 against HIV, we analyzed a well-characterized HIV autopsy cohort for two common HO-1 promoter region polymorphisms that are implicated in regulating HO-1 promoter transcriptional activity, a (GT)n dinucleotide repeat polymorphism and a single nucleotide polymorphism (A(-413)T). Shorter HO-1 (GT)n repeats and the ‘A’ SNP allele associate with higher HO-1 promoter activity. Brain dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissue samples from an autopsy cohort of HIV−, HIV+, and HIV encephalitis (HIVE) subjects (n = 554) were analyzed as follows: HO-1 (GT)n polymorphism allele lengths were determined by PCR and capillary electrophoresis, A(-413)T SNP alleles were determined by PCR with allele specific probes, and RNA expression of selected neuroimmune markers was analyzed by quantitative PCR. HIV+ subjects with shorter HO-1 (GT)n alleles had a significantly lower risk of HIVE; however, shorter HO-1 (GT)n alleles did not correlate with CNS or peripheral viral loads. In HIV+ subjects without HIVE, shorter HO-1 (GT)n alleles associated significantly with lower expression of brain type I interferon response markers (MX1, ISG15, and IRF1) and T-lymphocyte activation markers (CD38 and GZMB). No significant correlations were found between the HO-1 (GT)n repeat length and brain expression of macrophage markers (CD163, CD68), endothelial markers (PECAM1, VWF), the T-lymphocyte marker CD8A, or the B-lymphocyte maker CD19. Finally, we found no significant associations between the A(-413)T SNP and HIVE diagnosis, HIV viral loads, or any neuroimmune markers. Our data suggest that an individual’s HO-1 promoter region (GT)n polymorphism allele repeat length exerts unique modifying risk effects on HIV-induced CNS neuroinflammation and associated neuropathogenesis. Shorter HO-1 (GT)n alleles increase HO-1 promoter activity, which could provide neuroprotection through decreased neuroimmune activation. Therapeutic strategies that induce HO-1 expression could decrease HIV-associated CNS neuroinflammation and decrease the risk for development of HIV neurological disease.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Older Gastrointestinal Cancer Survivors: Need and Acceptability of Digital Health Interventions.

This study aimed to characterize physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) profiles in older gastrointestinal (GI) cancer survivors, assess their interest in interventions to modify these behaviors, and evaluate the acceptability of digital tools for delivering interventions to modify these behaviors. Survivors (M = 65 years) from an outpatient survivorship clinic at the Penn State Cancer Institute completed a questionnaire during a clinic appointment. Most survivors failed to attain the recommended level of PA (79%) or exceeded an average of 8 h of daily SB (42%). Access to internet and text messaging capabilities were high (70%), yet few survivors had access to smartphones or tablets (< 40%) or reported interest in using digital tools to improve PA or reduce SB (< 30%). Digital PA and SB interventions were more acceptable to younger survivors, survivors reporting more SB, and survivors engaging in more PA. The monetary value ascribed to digital health interventions did not differ as a function of mode of delivery (i.e., text messages, web, e-mail, tablet computer apps, or smartphone apps). Older GI cancer survivors can benefit from interventions to increase PA and decrease SB. Interest in such interventions was moderate and the acceptability of digital health tools for these interventions was limited. At the present time, behavioral interventions for older GI cancer survivors should not be delivered exclusively through digital tools and strategies to improve adoption of various technologies should be implemented when using these tools to modify PA and SB.
Self-Esteem and Empathy in Sighted and Visually Impaired Preadolescents.

This article reports on a study of self-esteem and empathy among 71 students with visual impairments and 88 sighted students. No significant difference was found between the two groups of students ...
Hiding in plain sight: Older U.S. purpose exemplars

Despite significant research on purpose in adolescence and early adulthood, little is known about purpose in older adults. This paper defines purpose as ongoing commitment to and sustained action t...
Abordagem familiar: quando, como e porquê? Um caso prático

Introduction: Family assessment is an important component of medical evaluation, especially in Family Medicine. This case report seeks to reinforce its importance and promote its use when relevant. Case report: J. 14 years old, 9th year of schooling. J. is included in a different family environment. He has lived with his grandparents since he was 12 months old, after his father was arrested and his mother denied parental responsibilities. This situation has become particularly sensitive in his new stage of life, the adolescence. Comment: The four-step approach, suspicion and detection of a possible problem, evaluation of the family’s structural characteristics, evaluation of the family functionality, and evaluation of the social network of support and resources of the patient, allows a global evaluation of the patient and is a possible starting point for family therapy. The integrated use of family assessment in the consultation makes it possible to identify a possible family dysfunction and to promote patient empowerment on the resolution of his problems.
System Engineering in an Unknown Aerial Environment for a Communications System

This paper presents a case study regarding risk management for a large system-of-system communications prototype. The focus of the risk is the unknown airborne environment and how that influences the risk of the design, build, and test phases of the program. Additionally, the impact of known uncertainties on schedule are discussed. The paper steps through how the team successfully identified and mitigated the risk of designing and building a communications pod without knowing the operational environment.
Caring for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder: What Clinicians Should Know About Comorbid Medical Conditions

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a growing problem, with opioid-involved overdose deaths quadrupling since 1999 in the United States. This article reviews comorbid medical conditions related to OUD, st...
Vaginal spermicides that contain Nonoxynol-9 are mutagenic in a bacterial back-mutation assay

4862 Cancer of the genital tract, particularly cervical cancer, is an important cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women in the U.S.A. and elsewhere. Any persistent mutagenic or carcinogenic influence in the vagina is therefore of great potential significance in the causation of cancer. One such potential persistent influence is the presence of a mutagenic spermicidal gel. In the present study, the mutagenicity of three commonly used over-the-counter spermicidal gels containing Nonoxynol-9 as the active ingredient was examined in a bacterial assay, which was a modification of the Ames test. The results were compared with those in which a series of non-antibacterial and antibacterial products were examined. These products included a number of personal products that come into contact with mucous membranes as well as some caustic non-personal home products and a known mutagen, sodium azide. Whether these substances needed to be activated by liver enzymes in order to be mutagenic was also examined. The results showed that all three of the intravaginal spermicidal gels tested were as mutagenic or more mutagenic than the other products tested in each category. One caused frame shift type mutations and the other two point mutations. Although two of these products only became mutagenic following activation by liver extract, suggesting that in a clinical situation they might only be significant mutagens if systemically absorbed or ingested, the third was mutagenic without liver activation. It therefore might be expected to be directly mutagenic in the female, and indirectly in the male, genital tract. These results thus suggest that spermicidal gels, either acting alone or in concert with other potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic agents, may be a significant cause of cancer in women.
Vocal Congruence: The Voice and the Self Measured by Interoceptive Awareness

Voices are, by nature, idiosyncratic representations of individuals because they possess anatomical, physiological, and psychological characteristics that are unique to them, which contribute to vocal output, and thus, establish the voice as a salient marker of their individuality. The areas of experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience have examined the psychological and neurological constructs that form one's sense of self and have employed measures of interoceptive and exteroceptive abilities to discover the underlying constructs of the sense of self. This study employed measures of interoceptive awareness to assess level of vocal congruence. Forty-one participants analyzed in this study underwent a heartbeat detection task designed to assess the level of interoceptive awareness and were placed into two groups: those high in interoceptive awareness and those low in interoceptive awareness. They completed two tasks, a speaking task, which included structured passages and conversation, and a listening task, where they listened to themselves in the speaking task. Following each task, they completed a Vocal Congruence Scale designed to assess the level of identification they have within themselves related to the sound of their voice. Individuals scoring high in interoceptive awareness scored significantly higher in vocal congruence than those scoring lower in interoceptive awareness. Additionally, when analyzed with other measures of personality, anxiety, mood, and voice handicap, the Vocal Congruence Scale appears to measure a unique aspect of vocal identity with one's self that encompasses interoceptive awareness.
Tubulin recycling limits cold tolerance

Abstract Although cold temperatures have long been used to depolymerize microtubules, how temperature specifically affects the polymerization and depolymerization activities of tubulin proteins and how these lead to changes in microtubule networks in cells has not been established. We investigated these questions in budding yeast, an organism found in diverse environments and therefore predicted to exhibit dynamic microtubules across a broad range of temperatures. We measured the dynamics of GFP-labeled microtubules in living cells and found that lowering the temperature from 37°C to 10°C decreased the rates of both polymerization and depolymerization, decreased the amount of polymer assembled before catastrophes and decreased the frequency of microtubule emergence from nucleation sites. Lowering to 4°C caused rapid loss of almost all microtubule polymer. We provide evidence that these effects on microtubule dynamics may be explained in part by changes in the co-factor-dependent conformational dynamics of tubulin proteins. Ablation of tubulin-binding co-factors further sensitizes cells and their microtubules to low temperatures, and we highlight a specific role for TBCB/Alf1 in microtubule maintenance at low temperatures. Finally, we show that inhibiting the maturation cycle of tubulin by using a point mutant in β-tubulin confers hyper-stable microtubules at low temperatures, rescues the requirement for TBCB/Alf1, and improves the cold tolerance of the yeast. Together, these results reveal an unappreciated step in the tubulin cycle in cells and suggest that this step may be a key limiting factor in the thermal tolerance of organisms.
Lifecycle Prediction of Second Use Electric Vehicle Batteries Based on ARIMA Model

For alternative vehicles, such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs), the high cost of lithium-ion battery packs is one of the major impediments to their market development. Due to the degradation of batteries in the vehicle, their life cycle comes to an end when the energy capacity is not sufficient to fulfill the designed requirements for the vehicle. However, the capacity left in the batteries can still be reused for other energy storage applications that support the management of electrical system. The second use of electric vehicle batteries depends on precise forecast of State-of-Health (SOH) in the future. In this paper, a SOH prediction approach is proposed based on autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. At first, through proper selection of model orders, a time series model is estimated based on the training data of previous SOH records. Next, the forecast is performed, and the prediction residue is analyzed to evaluate the obtained model by verifying whether the residue is white noise or not. A case study of battery aging test is conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Postpartum Clinic Visit

For many new parents, the postpartum period, the first 12 weeks after delivery, is a time of learning. They are adjusting to life with their new or expanding family. Historically, postpartum care was thought of as a single visit at 4–6 weeks postpartum. Given the magnitude of change in a new mother’s life, it is unlikely that a single visit can adequately address all concerns. Rather a series of visits, either in office or by phone, might better serve the purposes of both the mother and physician. A mnemonic involving any number of B’s (from 5 to 8 or more) has been used to que the provider to address issues present in the postpartum period. Alternatively one can think of issues in a head to toe format; in either case, a systematic approach is best to ensure important topics are covered. This chapter is written to address the issues and concerns faced by mothers in the postpartum period and does not address the issues faced by adoptive parents, couples who have used a surrogate or other nontraditional couples, or individuals who find themselves in the role of parent. That isn’t to say these issues don’t deserve important discussion but rather that it is beyond the scope of this book.
Shyness, Adaptation, Human Contact

Social shyness has been mainly viewed in negative terms. But it need not. Shyness is rooted in navigating the social milieu. Early hardships tied to conflicted approach and avoidance affective sensibility over a longer time frame may yield greater adaptive capability. This chapter reviews the prosocial sensibility built into our evolutionary success.
Chapter 3 – Photogrammetry

Publisher Summary Photogrammetry comprises all techniques concerned with making measurements of real-world objects and terrain features from images. These may be aerial as well as terrestrial images, and they may be taken by film cameras, digital cameras or electronic scanners on tripods, airborne or spaceborne platforms. Applications include the measuring of coordinates, quantification of distances, heights, areas and volumes, preparation of topographic maps, and generation of digital elevation models and orthophotographs. Understanding the geometry of a single photograph is the basis for all measurement techniques. A number of simple equations may be used for deriving measurements from single vertical photographs taken over flat terrain. However, they do not apply without restriction for oblique imagery or varying relief. Both cause image scale to vary across the scene, and undulating terrain results in radial relief displacement of features rising above or dipping below the horizontal plane at the image center.
Theory in Environment Behavior Studies

The title of this chapter resulted from the first (March, 1994) announcement of the fourth Japan-USA seminar, when I discovered that the general topic of theory crosscut and did not fit fully any of the proposed categories: environment-behavior Relations (EBR) in different sociohistoric times—the 21st century; EBR in different environments: general processes; EBR in different environments: the city; EBR in different subgroups: aging; and EBR in different subgroups: families. It best fit the second category, particularly “general processes,” although the specific titles listed did not seem to match these.
Testing for the human capital value of daily newspaper journalists in the era of newsroom downsizing

This study tested the contrarian proposition that market-driven newspapers value rank-and-file newsworkers as human capital assets. Data from a national survey of U.S. daily newspaper editors parti...
Accelerometer Calibration: The Importance of Considering Functionality

Purpose To compare the accuracy and precision of a hip-worn accelerometer to predict energy cost during structured activities across motor performance and disease conditions. Methods 118 adults self-identifying as healthy (n = 44) and those with arthritis (n = 23), multiple sclerosis (n = 18), Parkinson's disease (n = 17), and stroke (n =18) underwent measures of motor performance and were categorized into groups: Group 1, usual; Group 2, moderate impairment; and Group 3, severe impairment. The participants completed structured activities while wearing an accelerometer and a portable metabolic measurement system. Accelerometer-predicted energy cost (metabolic equivalent of tasks [METs]) were compared with measured METs and evaluated across functional impairment and disease conditions. Statistical significance was assessed using linear mixed effect models and Bayesian information criteria to assess model fit. Results All activities' accelerometer counts per minute (CPM) were 29.5-72.6% less for those with disease compared with those who were healthy. The predicted MET bias was similar across disease, -0.49 (-0.71, -0.27) for arthritis, -0.38 (-0.53, -0.22) for healthy, -0.44 (-0.68, -0.20) for MS, -0.34 (-0.58, -0.09) for Parkinson's, and -0.30 (-0.54, -0.06) for stroke. For functional impairment, there was a graded reduction in CPM for all activities: Group 1, 1,215 CPM (1,129, 1,301); Group 2, 789 CPM (695, 884); and Group 3, 343 CPM (220, 466). The predicted MET bias revealed similar results across the Group 1, -0.37 METs (-0.52, -0.23); Group 2, -0.44 METs (-0.60, -0.28); and Group 3, -0.33 METs (-0.55, -0.13). The Bayesian information criteria showed a better model fit for functional impairment compared with disease condition. Conclusion Using functionality to improve accelerometer calibration could decrease variability and warrants further exploration to improve accelerometer prediction of physical activity.
Mechanical modeling of graphene using the three-layer-mesh bridging domain method

Abstract Recently developed three-layer-mesh bridging domain method (TBDM) enhanced the conventional bridging domain method (BDM) by (1) mitigating the temperature cooling effect on the atoms in the bridging domain, and (2) employing a mesh-independent physics-based discrimination between thermal and mechanical atomic motions. In this paper, we present the new enhancements for the TBDM to achieve an appropriate framework for concurrently coupled atomistic–continuum simulation of graphene. To capture the mechanical behavior of graphene accurately, we employed the adaptive intermolecular reactive bond order (AIREBO) potential in the atomistic model, which is carefully weighted by the atomic energy scaling function in the bridging zone. In the continuum model, a thermodynamically rigorous high-order continuum description, considering the symmetries of graphene, is used which is parameterized using full molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To accurately capture the bending behavior of graphene, a recently developed explicit finite-deformation solid-shell element is used to discretize the continuum domain, and its formulation is modified to include the continuum energy scaling function. To achieve realistic constant-temperature condition (canonical ensemble), the Nose–Hoover thermostat is used in the full MD domain and also as local thermostats in the bridging domain. 5-value Gear predictor–corrector time integrator is implemented, which is well-suited to be used with the Nose–Hoover thermostat. Accordingly, the TBDM formulation is modified to work with this time integrator. Some modifications are also made in the TBDM formulation to increase the robustness of the multiscale simulations. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed multiscale method for graphene is demonstrated by running in-plane shear, out-of-plane bending, and nanoindentation simulations and comparing the results with those obtained from full MD and full finite-element simulations.
Invention of a Useful Transcriptional Regulation System Using Mechanistic Mathematic Modeling

Regulation of gene expression is a process of central importance in cellular metabolism but also in disease, in development of differentiated organisms, in immunology, and many other life functions. Gene expression regulation is also paramount in the founding and still important process in the biotechnology industry, namely manufacture of a valuable protein based on overexpression of the corresponding cloned gene. The ideal qualitative profile of a typical batch process for producing such a protein involves an initial growth phase in which the cell density of recombinant cells is increased, followed by a production phase in which the desired protein is accumulated.
Promoting and Measuring Family Caregiver Self-Efficacy in Caregiver-Physician Interactions

This article describes the development of a 5-item scale that assesses family caregivers' self-efficacy in communicating with physicians about ill family members (Perceived Efficacy in Caregiver-Physician Interactions–PECPI) in the context of an evaluation study of an online training in health care communication skills for caregivers. A national sample of 197 self-identified family caregivers participated in an online webinar and completed a brief evaluation instrument before and immediately after the training. Results indicated that the webinar was effective in increasing perceived self-efficacy and self-reported knowledge about and level of preparation for medical visits. Principal component analysis indicates that the PECPI is unidimensional with a Cronbach's alpha of .91.
Stromal and epithelial caveolin-1 both confer a protective effect against mammary hyperplasia and tumorigenesis: Caveolin-1 antagonizes cyclin D1 function in mammary epithelial cells.

Here, we investigate the role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in breast cancer onset and progression, with a focus on epithelial-stromal interactions, ie, the tumor microenvironment. Cav-1 is highly expressed in adipocytes and is abundant in mammary fat pads (stroma), but it remains unknown whether loss of Cav-1 within mammary stromal cells affects the differentiated state of mammary epithelia via paracrine signaling. To address this issue, we characterized the development of the mammary ductal system in Cav-1−/− mice and performed a series of mammary transplant studies, using both wild-type and Cav-1−/− mammary fat pads. Cav-1−/− mammary epithelia were hyperproliferative in vivo, with dramatic increases in terminal end bud area and mammary ductal thickness as well as increases in bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 hyperactivation, and up-regulation of STAT5a and cyclin D1. Consistent with these findings, loss of Cav-1 dramatically exacerbated mammary lobulo-alveolar hyperplasia in cyclin D1 Tg mice, whereas overexpression of Cav-1 caused reversion of this phenotype. Most importantly, Cav-1−/− mammary stromal cells (fat pads) promoted the growth of both normal mammary ductal epithelia and mammary tumor cells. Thus, Cav-1 expression in both epithelial and stromal cells provides a protective effect against mammary hyperplasia as well as mammary tumorigenesis.
THE FATE OF PARENTERAL CEPHALOTHIN AND RELATED ANTIBIOTICS IN THE RAT:THE NATURE OF A MINOR LONG-LIVED METABOLITE

Intraperitoneally administered cephalothin-14C is rapidly metabolized and excreted in the rat with about 70% of a radioactive dose appearing in urine in 4 hours. The major metabolite is desacetylcephalothin which forms by hydrolysis of the ester group. Some in vivo side chain hydrolysis at position 7 also occurs as indicated by the excretion of thienylacetylglycine, a metabolite of thiophene acetic acid. A long-lived minor metabolite occurs in blood and appears to be an albumin-cephalothin complex. A similar complex forms from cephaloglycin, 7-phenylacetamidocephalosporanic acid and 6-thienylacetamidopenicillanic acid but not from desacetylcephalothin, cephalexin, penicillin G or penicillin V. The complex was formed in vitro by incubation of radiocephalothin with rat serum.
Strong light confinement in novel compact pseudo-random structures designed via evolutionary algorithms

High optical confinement of 1.55 /spl mu/n light is shown in a 5 /spl mu/m sized high-index-contrast pseudo-random distribution of dielectric rods. This structure, designed using Evolutionary Algorithms, utilizes Anderson Localization to achieve confinement.
Machine models and linear time complexity

The first of several reasons Linear Time has received relatively little theoretical attention is that no one has given a robust notion of what “Linear Time” is. Whereas Polynomial Time is the same for just about every sequential modelM that has been proposed, almost every two of these models seem to give different definitions of linear time. Two other reasons are that Linear Time seems not to have as many pleasant closure properties as Polynomial Time, and often depends on fussy details of how information is represented. (For instance: Given n integers in the range 1 . . . n2, should the length of the input be n or ≈ n log n? In linear time, a TM can add integers in standard binary notation but multiplication is considered unlikely; in prime-factor notation, a TM can multiply but likely not add.) However, one of several reasons for the importance of Linear Time is that the frontier of proving lower bounds for natural problems on reasonable models of general-purpose computation has only barely been pushed west of the O(n) Meridian. This survey aims first to put the model-dependence issue into greater focus, and then to provide a new angle for work on lower bounds.
Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events in nursing homes.

Abstract PURPOSE: Adverse drug events, especially those that may have been preventable, are among the most serious concerns about medication use in nursing homes. We studied the incidence and preventability of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events in nursing homes. METHODS: We performed a cohort study of all long-term care residents of 18 community-based nursing homes in Massachusetts during a 12-month observation period. Potential drug-related incidents were detected by stimulated self-report by nursing home staff and by periodic review of the records of nursing home residents by trained nurse and pharmacist investigators. Each incident was classified by 2 independent physician-reviewers, using a structured implicit review process, by whether or not it constituted an adverse drug event or potential adverse drug event (those that may have caused harm, but did not because of chance or because they were detected), by the severity of the event (significant, serious, life-threatening, or fatal), and by whether it was preventable. Examples of significant events included nonurticarial rashes, falls without associated fracture, hemorrhage not requiring transfusion or hospitalization, and oversedation; examples of serious events included urticaria, falls with fracture, hemorrhage requiring transfusion or hospitalization, and delirium. RESULTS: During 28,839 nursing home resident-months of observation in the 18 participating nursing homes, 546 adverse drug events (1.89 per 100 resident-months) and 188 potential adverse drug events (0.65 per 100 resident-months) were identified. Of the adverse drug events, 1 was fatal, 31 (6%) were life-threatening, 206 (38%) were serious, and 308 (56%) were significant. Overall, 51% of the adverse drug events were judged to be preventable, including 171 (72%) of the 238 fatal, life-threatening, or serious events and 105 (34%) of the 308 significant events ( P CONCLUSIONS: Adverse drug events are common and often preventable in nursing homes. More serious adverse drug events are more likely to be preventable. Prevention strategies should target the ordering and monitoring stages of pharmaceutical care.