cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acceptability, Adaptation, and Clinical Outcomes of Acupuncture Provided in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Pilot Study.

Objective . To evaluate acceptability and clinical outcomes of acupuncture on patient-reported pain and anxiety in an emergency department (ED). Design . Observational, retrospective pilot study. Setting . Abbott Northwestern Hospital ED, Minneapolis, MN. Methods. Retrospective data was used to identify patients receiving acupuncture in addition to standard medical care in the ED between 11/1/13 and 12/31/14. Feasibility was measured by quantifying the utilization of acupuncture in a novel setting and performing limited tests of its efficacy. Patient-reported pain and anxiety scores were collected by the acupuncturist using an 11-point (0–10) numeric rating scale before (pre) and immediately after (post) acupuncture. Efficacy outcomes were change in pain and anxiety scores. Results . During the study period, 436 patients were referred for acupuncture, 279 of whom were approached by the acupuncturist during their ED visit. Consent for acupuncture was obtained from 89% (248/279). A total of 182 patients, who had a pre-pain score >0 and non-missing anxiety scores, were included in analyses. Of the 52% (94/182) who did not have analgesics before or during the acupuncture session, the average decrease of 2.37 points (95% CI: 1.92, 2.83) was not different (p > 0.05) than the mean decrease of 2.68 points for those receiving analgesics (95% CI 2.21, 3.15). The average pre-anxiety score was 4.73 points (SD = 3.43) and the mean decrease was 2.27 points (95% CI: 1.89, 2.66). Conclusions . Results from this observational trial indicate that acupuncture was acceptable and effective for pain and anxiety reduction, in conjunction with standard medical care. These results will inform future randomized trials.
The WNT Proteins Induce Ca2+ Signaling through the Activation of the Polycystin Complex

WNT ligands can induce Ca2+ signaling on target cells. PKD1 (Polycystin 1) is an atypical G protein coupled receptor complexed with TRPP2 (Polycystin 2 or PKD2), a Ca2+-permeable ion channel. Inactivating mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common genetic diseases of unknown mechanism. Here, we show that secreted WNTs specifically bind to the extracellular domain of PKD1 and induce large whole cell currents and Ca2+ influx. Pathogenic PKD1 or PKD2 mutations that abrogate complex formation, compromise cell surface expression of PKD1, or diminish TRPP2 channel activity suppress activation by a WNT protein. Cells derived from Pkd2-/- mice show complete loss of WNT-induced Ca2+ currents and are unable to polarize in response to WNT-induced cell migration. These data define PKD1 as a new class of WNT (co)receptors coupled to Ca2+ signaling and directly implicate defective WNT/Ca2+ pathway as the primary cause of ADPKD.
Spaced Repetition Promotes Efficient and Effective Learning: Policy Implications for Instruction

Concern that students in the United States are less proficient in mathematics, science, and reading than their peers in other countries has led some to question whether American students spend enou...
A preclinical model of natural reward devaluation in cocaine addiction: Effects of dose

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e118–e201 e129 Global impact of prescription opioid misuse: Europe and U.S. J.L. Green1, E.M. Martinez1, Andrew Rosenblum1, Theodore Cicero1, Richard Dart1, S. Walcher2, L. Somaini3, G. Deruvo3, H. Desel4, G. Milanesi5, F. Sesana5, M. Guareschi6, K. McBride1, I. Maremmani7, M. Parrino1 1 RADARS(r) System, RMPDC, DHHA, Denver, CO, United States 2 CONCEPT, Munich, Italy 3 SerT (Biella & Bitonto), Biella, Italy 4 GIZ-Nord Poisons Centre, Gottingen, Germany 5 Milan Poison Centre, Milan, Italy 6 AU-CNS, Pietrsanta, Italy 7 Santa Chiara University Hospital, Pisa, Italy Aims: Describe prescription opioid misuse reports to poison centres (PC) in Gottingen(Germany), Milan(Italy), and US, and by patients entering treatment programs (TP) for opioid addiction in Munich, Piemonte & Puglia, and US. Methods: PC: intentional exposures reported in 2012 for buprenorphine, methadone, and oxycodone. TP: self-reports of drug use “to get high” by patients entering therapy from Jan2012–Jun2013 for buprenorphine, methadone, oxycodone, codeine, fentanyl, morphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and tramadol (heroin DNS). Results: Germany: 70% of PC calls were intentional exposures and 57% suicidal intent, methadone was most frequent (46%). 48% of TP patients reported prescription opioid as their primary drug, methadone was most frequent (36%). Italy: 77% of PC calls were intentional exposureswith51%misuseand49%suicide,methadone was most frequent (51%). 36% of TP patients reported prescription opioid as their primary drug, buprenorphine was most frequent (43%). US: 62% of PC calls were intentional exposures and 52% suicidal intent, oxycodonewasmost frequent (71%); 46%of TPpatients reported prescription opioid as their primary drug, oxycodone was most frequent (52%). Conclusions: Data from PC and TP in Germany, Italy, and US illustrate similar patterns of prescription opioid misuse, a sizable minority report a prescription opioid as their primary drug. Drugs typically prescribed for treatment of opioid addiction are more misused in Europe while oxycodone is the drug of choice in the US. Financial support: The RADARS® System is part of Denver Health and Hospital Authority, a division of the state of Colorado. It is supported by subscriptions from pharmaceutical manufacturers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.268 A preclinical model of natural reward devaluation in cocaine addiction: Effects of dose Jennifer Green, Linda Dykstra, Regina M. Carelli University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United
Aphid Vectors of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Blacklight Traps in Eastern United States1

Alate aphids were captured in blacklight traps at 8 locations from Clemson, South Carolina, northward to Ithaca, New York. Four aphid species which vector barley yellow dwarf virus of small grains are reported: English grain aphid, Macrosiphum avenae (F.); oat bird-cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); corn leaf aphid, R. maidis (Fitch); and greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). These 4 species comprised 30% of all aphids captured. The number of each species taken during the season and periods of maximum flight varied greatly at the different locations. The 8 collections contained 20% English grain aphids, 6% oat bird-cherry aphids, 3% corn leaf aphids, and 1% greenbugs, with percentages at each location varying greatly. Earliest aphid capture ranged from April 13 at Clemson to May 13 at Mt. Carmel, Connecticut. Last capture ranged from May 30 at Clemson to December 2 at Mt. Carmel. The days from first to last capture varied from 4 days for the corn leaf aphid at Clemson to 203 days for the English grain aphid at Mt. Carmel.
Graph-theoretical Considerations in Design of Large Telescope Arrays for Robustness and Scalability

We study the staged deployment of large telescope array configurations as an optimization problem subject to cost, performance and network robustness. The LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray), the worlds largest telescope array, is planned to be built in stages, with current funding allowing for O(100) stations over 100km. This new generation of telescope arrays requires new system design principles and modeling techniques. We develop a staged optimization framework, representing large telescope arrays as generalized networks, with nodes as the telescope stations and edges as the cable links between them. We model network design and growth with both graph-theoretical and physical metrics. Additionally, we model the probability of failure of each topology from random failure of a node or a link along the baseline. We make recommendations about the best cost-performance and robustness trade-off configurations, while comparing two different staging principles. The modeling framework introduced is applicable to various engineering problems susceptible to network representation, in telecommunication networks, transportation routes, and space exploration systems.
Sonic Boom Adjoint Methodology and its Applications

This paper presents an approach to predict the sensitivity of the sonic boom ground signatures by numerically solving the augmented Burgers’ equation along with its discrete adjoint. The discrete adjoint equations are derived and solved. The exactness of the adjoint sensitivities is veri ed against derivatives obtained using the complex variable approach. Underand o -track ground signature sensitivities to di erent design variables may be obtained e ciently. The formulation of the coupling between boom adjoint and CFD adjoint is derived and discussed. This formulation represents the rst time in literature that boom propagation and CFD are formally coupled for the purpose of obtaining gradients of a ground based objective with respect to the aircraft shape design variables. The coupled formulation is e ective in calculating discretely accurate sensitivities, and should be an extremely useful tool in the design of supersonic cruise low-boom aircraft.
The neonatal value of fetal monitoring

In general the use of fetal monitoring has been felt to be of benefit in the prevention of fetal death. The type of recording obtained during labor may also be of significant value to the pediatrician in permitting him to anticipate respiratory distress. In this article an attempt is made to point out the various areas of the fetal heart rate tracing that can be used in such prognostic attempts.
The soviet `spy gaps¿: Any lag there maybe in the USSR's technical systems for monitoring is offset by Soviet access to U.S. military intelligence

The capabilities of the Soviet Union to monitor US compliance with arms agreements is reviewed. Soviet capabilities include the use of satellites, surface ships, and submarines off US shores, as well as monitoring stations on land. These technical capabilities are each briefly described and discussed. It is argued that, in contrast to the United States, the Soviet Union can also take advantage of the openness of US society, through an array of human intelligence sources and methods, to monitor arms control compliance. Soviet agents also gain access to considerable information through contacts and operative within the US government and the extensive contractor community that supports the defense establishment. It is concluded that Soviet technical collection capabilities for monitoring arm control compliance lag behind those of the United States, but that this technical lag does not appear to have deterred the Soviets from entering into many arms control agreements with the United States over the past 25 years.
Assessment of Executive Functions in Clinical Settings

Abstract Executive Functioning (EF) is a complex, multifaceted construct consisting of Executive Cognitive Functions, Response Selection, Initiation/Maintenance, Meta-tasking, and Social Cognition (Suchy, Y. (2015). Executive functioning: A comprehensive guide for clinical practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press). There are many challenges associated with standardized tests of EF, including low reliabilities, test impurity, and a failure of any one test of EF to capture the entire EF construct. To address these, we recommend that clinicians (1) use multiple tests of EF in a given battery and (2) seek out newer instruments that tap into EF subdomains that are often omitted (i.e., meta-tasking and social cognition). When assessing EF, the purpose of assessment also needs to be considered: (1) for diagnostic decision-making, assessment of decline in EF (based on record review, interviews, behavioral observations, and comparisons of test results to demographically corrected norms) is key. Overinterpreting isolated impaired scores should be avoided. (2) For decisions about daily functioning, the following tentative conclusions can be drawn: If EF is moderately to severely impaired relative to population-based norms, functional limitations are likely and if a patient exhibits much variability on tests within a relatively normal profile, risk for intermittent functional lapses in daily life exists.
Internationalization strategies of frontier Lusophone-African multinational enterprises: Comparative case studies of Angola and Mozambique

ABSTRACTInternationalization theories suggest that enterprises from emerging and frontier markets will adopt different entry modes than those in advanced economies. Very few studies to date, however, examine the process of how multinational enterprises (MNEs) from frontier markets internationalize or evaluate which factors influence their mode of entry into global markets. This research investigates the internationalization strategies of Lusophone Africa MNEs from Angola and Mozambique, more specifically their entry mode, to expand the framework for entry mode strategies to include the motivations and issues of MNEs from emerging and frontier economies. Surveys, as well as in-depth, in-country, qualitative interviews reveal that these frontier and emerging market MNEs opted for equity-based investment strategies as their preferred mode of entry. A significant second group opted for e-commerce/e-business strategies, and direct and indirect exports. Finally, a smaller portion of the interviewees chose Green...
A Birds-Eye View of the Uphill Landscape in Endothermic Singlet Fission

In the latest issue of Nature Chemistry , Stern et al. combine ultrafast transient absorption, sliding-window Fourier transform, and time-resolved emission spectroscopy to describe a comprehensive mechanism for endothermic singlet fission in a tetracene derivative.
Student Paper Contest at the 2017 IEEE AP-S\/U.S. National Committee - International Union for Radio Science Symposium [Education Corner]

Presents information on the APS society's Student Paper Contest at the 2017 IEEE International Union for Radio Science Symposium.
Defining the DNA damage repair (DDR) genomic landscape of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).

502Background: Impaired DDR is associated with response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Several genomically directed trials have been proposed using DDR alteration status for enrolment. In this study, we characterized the deleterious DDR alteration (DDRa) landscape of UCB across various clinical states. Methods: Targeted exon capture and sequencing of at least 341 cancer-associated genes was performed prospectively on 451 UCB specimens (MSK-IMPACT assay). We assessed sequencing data for deleterious alterations in 34 genes representing canonical DDR pathways. Deleterious alterations included truncating mutations, homozygous deletions, and functionally validated missense mutations. Results: Table 1. In NMIBC, deleterious DDRa were enriched in high-grade disease ([39/136, 28.7%] high grade vs. low-grade [2/28, 7.1%]; p=0.02). The frequency of deleterious DDRa in chemo-naive MIBC was enriched relative to unmatched post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) residual MIBC ([33/112, 29.5%] vs. [8/55, 14.5%]; p=0.01). P...
Nonformal Education—The “Shadow School System”

This chapter discusses Peru's non-formal or second school system, the varied assortment of short-term, skills-oriented educational programs offered by industry, by the military, by the Government, or by voluntary organizations. They are, for example, not planned or coordinated in any systematic or comprehensive manner. Very little is known about their number and functions and not much is known about their total contribution to the development of human resources needed for modernization. However, because of the growing demand for new skills and serious limitation and deficiencies of formal education, Peruvian non-formal educational activities play an increasingly vital role in bringing about the requisite new behavioral capabilities, that is, work skills, communication skills, and new attitudes and understandings essential for modernization and nation-building. The rationale for non-formal educational programs in poor countries is both compensatory and complimentary in nature. It seeks the dual objectives of supplementing the formal school system and compensating, as much as possible, for its inadequacies.
Die Unit Txt

Ermoglicht das Aufbauen von dynamischen Textstrukturen (wie sie von Editoren verwendet werden).
Adjuvant Therapy for Colorectal Cancer: The NSABP Clinical Trials

The current generation of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) adjuvant therapy protocols assessing the utility of 5-fluouracil and leucovorin (FU-LV) in colorectal cancer was based in large part on the data obtained from the completed Protocol C-01 for carcinoma of the colon and R-01 for rectal cancer.
Mount St. Helens retrospective: Lessons learned since 1980 and remaining challenges

Since awakening from a 123-year repose in 1980, Mount St. Helens has provided an opportunity to study changes in crustal magma storage at an active arc volcano—a process of fundamental importance to eruption forecasting and hazards mitigation. There has been considerable progress, but important questions remain unanswered. Was the 1980 eruption triggered by an injection of magma into an upper crustal reservoir? If so, when? How did magma rise into the edifice without producing detectable seismicity deeper than 2.5 km or measurable surface deformation beyond the volcano’s north flank? Would precursory activity have been recognized earlier if current monitoring techniques had been available? Despite substantial improvements in monitoring capability, similar questions remain after the dome-forming eruption of 2004–8. Did additional magma accumulate in the reservoir between the end of the 1980–86 eruption and the start of the 2004–8 eruption? If so, when? What is the significance of a relative lull in seismicity and surface deformation for several years prior to the 2004–8 eruption onset? How did magma reach the surface without producing seismicity deeper than 2 km or measurable deformation more than a few hundred meters from the vent? Has the reservoir been replenished since the eruption ended, and is it now primed for the next eruption? What additional precursors, if any, should be expected? This paper addresses these questions, explores possible answers, and identifies unresolved issues in need of additional study. The 1980–86 and 2004–8 eruptions could have resulted from “second boiling” during crystallization of magma long-resident in an upper crustal reservoir, rather than from injection of fresh magma from below. If reservoir pressurization and magma ascent were slow enough, resulting strain might have been accommodated by viscoelastic deformation, without appreciable seismicity or surface deformation, until rising magma entered a brittle regime within 2–2.5 km of the surface. Given the remarkably gas-poor nature of the 2004–8 dome lava, future eruptive activity might require a relatively long period of quiescence and reservoir pressurization or a large injection of fresh magma—an event that arguably has not occurred since the Kalama eruptive period (C.E. 1479–1720).
Urinary nitrates in relation to glomerular filtrate rate (GFR) and albumin-creatinine rate (ACR)

Background Intervention studies have shown that dietary nitrate supplementation significantly increased circulating nitrates and inhibited platelet aggregation, improved vascular function and lowered blood pressure. Thus, studying physiological functions that are associated with circulating nitrates may help us to identify a population who are likely to have lower circulating nitrates and may need supplementation. Circulating nitrates reflect cumulative influences of production of nitric oxide and nitrate metabolism. Animal studies have shown that the production of nitric oxide (NO) is reduced in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with the progression of CKD. Further, nitrate metabolism can be significantly influenced by gut microbiome composition. Compared to people with normal renal function, individuals with reduced renal function have different gut microbiome composition. Until now, no studies have examined the association between circulating nitrates and renal function among healthy individuals who have not been diagnosed with CKD. Glomerular filtrate rate (GFR) and albumin-creatinine rate (ACR) have been used to assess renal function. Our study aimed to determine if there was an association between urinary nitrates and GFR or ACR. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we analyzed data obtained from 5,071 adults, ages 18-85, enrolled in the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Demographic data were obtained and urinary nitrates, creatinine, GFR and ACR ratio were assessed among these individuals. We classified GFR into three categories: ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (normal renal function), 60-90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (renal insufficiency) and Results We have found that urinary nitrates were inversely associated with renal function.
Who's In Control?: Interactions In Multi-User Smart Homes

Adoption of commercial smart home devices is rapidly increasing, allowing in-situ research in people's homes. As these technologies are deployed in shared spaces, we seek to understand interactions among multiple people and devices in a smart home. We conducted a mixed-methods study with 18 participants (primarily people who drive smart device adoption in their homes) living in multi-user smart homes, combining semi-structured interviews and experience sampling. Our findings surface tensions and cooperation among users in several phases of smart device use: device selection and installation, ordinary use, when the smart home does not work as expected, and over longer term use. We observe an outsized role of the person who installs devices in terms of selecting, controlling, and fixing them; negotiations between parents and children; and minimally voiced privacy concerns among co-occupants, possibly due to participant sampling. We make design recommendations for supporting long-term smart homes and non-expert household members.
Admission Laboratory Values Accurately Predict In-hospital Mortality: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

The greater the severity of illness of a patient, the more likely the patient will have a poor hospital outcome. However, hospital-wide severity of illness scores that are simple, widely available, and not diagnosis-specific are still needed. Laboratory tests could potentially be used as an alternative to estimate severity of illness. To evaluate the ability of hospital laboratory tests, as measures of severity of illness, to predict in-hospital mortality among hospitalized patients, and therefore, their potential as an alternative method to severity of illness risk adjustment. A retrospective cohort study among 38,367 adult non-trauma patients admitted to the University of Maryland Medical Center between November 2015 and November 2017 was performed. Laboratory tests (hemoglobin, platelet count, white blood cell count, urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, sodium, potassium, and total bicarbonate (HCO3)) were included when ordered within 24 h from the time of hospital admission. A multivariable logistic regression model to predict in-hospital mortality was constructed using a section of our cohort (n = 21,003). Model performance was evaluated using the c-statistic and the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test. In addition, a calibration belt was constructed to determine a confidence interval around the calibration curve with the purpose of identifying ranges of miscalibration. Patient age and all laboratory tests predicted mortality with good discrimination (c = 0.79). Patients with abnormal HCO3 levels or leukocyte counts at admission were twice as likely to die during their hospital stay as patients with normal results. A good model calibration and fit were observed (HL = 13.9, p = 0.18). Admission laboratory tests are able to predict in-hospital mortality with good accuracy, providing an objective and widely accessible approach to severity of illness risk adjustment.
The Value of Imaging and Composition-Based Biomarkers in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Clinical Trials

As the drug development pipeline for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) rapidly advances, clinical trial outcomes need to be optimized. Effective assessment of disease burden, natural history progression, and response to therapy in clinical trials for Duchenne muscular dystrophy are critical factors for clinical trial success. By choosing optimal biomarkers to better assess therapeutic efficacy, study costs and sample size requirements can be reduced. Currently, functional measures continue to serve as the primary outcome for the majority of DMD clinical trials. Quantitative measures of muscle health, including magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, electrical impedance myography, and ultrasound, sensitively identify diseased muscle, disease progression, and response to a therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, such non-invasive techniques have the potential to identify disease pathology prior to onset of clinical symptoms. Despite robust supportive evidence, non-invasive quantitative techniques are still not frequently utilized in clinical trials for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Non-invasive quantitative techniques have demonstrated the ability to quantify disease progression and potential response to therapeutic intervention, and should be used as a supplement to current standard functional measures. Such methods have the potential to significantly accelerate the development and approval of therapies for DMD.
Supportive Medical Management of Brain Metastases Patients Including Treatment Complications

Brain metastases are the most common intracranial neoplasms and are associated with an array of clinical problems that require complex medical management. These include focal neurologic deficits, seizures, cognitive impairment, and headache. We will review the data regarding the management of these problems. Iatrogenic sequelae and radiotherapy-related complications such as radiation necrosis will also be specifically addressed.
Caregiver burden worsens in the second year after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Background Caregiver burden (CB) in Parkinson's disease (PD) does not improve in the short term after bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS), despite motor improvement. This may be due to increased caregiver demands after surgery or the possibility that DBS unresponsive non-motor factors, such as executive dysfunction, contribute to CB. Objective To evaluate the trajectory of CB in year 2 following bilateral STN DBS surgery for PD, and to test whether post-operative CB changes correlate with changes in executive function in a subgroup with available neuropsychological testing. Methods This retrospective analysis included 35 patients with PD whose caregivers completed the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) at baseline and between 9 and 24 months after bilateral STN DBS. 14 of these patients had neuropsychological testing both at baseline and within 6 months of their follow up CBI assessment. Results CBI scores showed worsened CB from baseline to follow-up (16.4–21.5, p = 0.006). There was no correlation between change in executive function and change in CBI in the smaller subsample. Conclusion CB worsens in the 2 years after bilateral STN DBS despite improvement in motor symptoms and is not associated with change in executive dysfunction in the setting of advancing PD. These findings have implications on pre-operative counselling for patients and caregivers considering DBS for PD.
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis treated with multimodal therapy improves coagulopathy and reduces blood angiopoietin-2 levels

Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) is a rare, life-threatening congenital lymphatic malformation. Diagnosis is often delayed due to complex indistinct symptoms. Blood angiopoietin-2 (ANG2) levels are elevated in KLA and may be useful as a biomarker to monitor disease status. We report a 7-year-old male child with easy bruising, inguinal swelling, and consumptive coagulopathy, diagnosed with KLA. A multimodal treatment regimen of prednisone, sirolimus, vincristine, and adjunctive zoledronate was used. Plasma ANG2 levels were highly elevated at diagnosis but decreased during treatment. The patient showed significant clinical improvement over a 38-month period and normalization of ANG2 levels correlated with resolution of the coagulopathy.
The von Neumann inequality for 3 × 3 matrices

This note details how recent work of Kosinski on the three point Pick interpolation problem on the polydisc can be used to prove the von Neumann inequality for d-tuples of commuting 3× 3 contractive matrices.
Lipid Transport Across the Mammary Gland

Mammary secretory cells have evolved robust processes for transporting and secreting nutrients, including lipids, proteins, and sugars, required for neonatal growth and development. The processes responsible for secreting lipids are particularly unique to mammary secretory cells and represent novel adaptations of apocrine secretion. All eukaryotic cells depend on phospholipid (PL) and fatty acid (FA) transport to maintain membrane structure and organization, and to fuel and regulate cellular functions. The copious milk secretion, including large quantities of lipid in some species, requires adaptation and integration of PL and FA synthesis and transport processes to meet secretion demands. At present, few details exist about how these processes are regulated within the mammary gland. However, recent advances in our understanding of the structural and molecular biology of membrane systems and cellular lipid trafficking provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation and integration of PL and FA transport processes in the secretion of milk lipids. This review discusses the PL and FA transport processes required to maintain the structural integrity and organization of the mammary gland and support its secretory functions within the context of current molecular and cellular models of their regulation.
Tanycyte Regulation of Hypophysiotropic TRH Neurons

Tanycytes lining the third ventricle are emerging as an integral component of the hypothalamic regulatory system. Their functions, including the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, extend far beyond their role as barrier cells. This chapter summarizes the various mechanisms by which tanycytes contribute to the control of the HPT axis. These cells modulate thyroid hormone negative feedback regulation of hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons by regulating local T3 availability. In addition, tanycytes control the availability of TRH transport to the anterior pituitary by at least three different mechanisms. These include degradation of TRH immediately following its release from hypophysiotropic TRH axon terminals, repositioning of tanycyte end feet processes between the TRH axons and the fenestrated capillaries of the portal system, and inhibiting the activity of TRH terminals via glutamate signaling and the endocannabinoid system.
Survival and prognostic factors of salivary gland malignant mixed tumor-not otherwise specified: A population-based analysis.

Abstract Objective Malignant mixed tumors of the salivary gland are a group of neoplasms comprised of carcinoma-ex-pleomorphic adenoma, carcinosarcoma, and metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma. An alternative classification, malignant mixed tumor-not otherwise (MMT-NOS), is a diagnosis of exclusion for neoplasms that do not fit the previous histologically profiled subtypes. The objective was to provide a comprehensive assessment of MMT-NOS and determine prognostic factors. Methods This retrospective cohort study queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for patient and tumor characteristics of US patients with MMT-NOS of the major salivary glands from 1973 to 2016. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were performed to determine 5-year survival and prognostic factors. Results 434 patients were identified with a mean age at diagnosis of 61.5 years. The majority of neoplasms were high grade and stage (70.8% grade III/IV; 63.8% stage III/IV). Extraparenchymal extension (40.6%) and lymph node involvement (28.5%) were common; distant metastases (2.4%) were rare. Treatment included surgery (93.0%), radiation (51.6%), and chemotherapy (10.4%). Facial nerve sacrifice was common (50.8%). Median survival was 66.5 months. 5-year overall and disease-specific survival were 65.7% and 83.0%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, nodal involvement (HR 7.0; P 4 cm (HR 1.3; P = 0.03) were prognostic factors. Conclusion Despite high stage and grade at diagnosis, MMT-NOS portends a good 5-year prognosis and low rate of distant metastasis. Prognostic factors were nodal involvement, tumor size, and extraparenchymal extension.
FabHandWear: An End-to-End Pipeline from Design to Fabrication of Customized Functional Hand Wearables

Current hand wearables have limited customizability, they are loose-fit to an individual's hand and lack comfort. The main barrier in customizing hand wearables is the geometric complexity and size variation in hands. Moreover, there are different functions that the users can be looking for; some may only want to detect hand's motion or orientation; others may be interested in tracking their vital signs. Current wearables usually fit multiple functions and are designed for a universal user with none or limited customization. There are no specialized tools that facilitate the creation of customized hand wearables for varying hand sizes and provide different functionalities. We envision an emerging generation of customizable hand wearables that supports hand differences and promotes hand exploration with additional functionality. We introduce FabHandWear, a novel system that allows end-to-end design and fabrication of customized functional self-contained hand wearables. FabHandWear is designed to work with off-the-shelf electronics, with the ability to connect them automatically and generate a printable pattern for fabrication. We validate our system by using illustrative applications, a durability test, and an empirical user evaluation. Overall, FabHandWear offers the freedom to create customized, functional, and manufacturable hand wearables.
Towards resource-efficient detection-driven processing of multi-stream videos

Detection-driven video analytics is resource hungry as it depends on running object detectors on video frames. Running an object detection engine (i.e., deep learning models such as YOLO and EfficientDet) for each frame makes video analytics pipelines difficult to achieve real-time processing. In this paper, we leverage selective processing of frames and batching of frames to reduce the overall cost of running detection models on live videos. We discuss several factors that hinder the real-time processing of detection-driven video analytics. We propose a system with configurable knobs and show how to achieve the stability of the system using a Lyapunov-based control strategy. In our setup, heterogeneous edge devices (e.g. mobile phones, cameras) stream videos to a low-resource edge server where frames are selectively processed in batches and the detection results are sent to the cloud or to the edge device for further application-aware processing. Preliminary results on controlling different knobs, such as frame skipping, frame size, and batch size show interesting insights to achieve real-time processing of multi-stream video streams with low overhead and low overall information loss.
Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task.

Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) refers to a phenomenon whereby a classically conditioned stimulus (CS) impacts the motivational salience of instrumental behavior. We examined behavioral response patterns and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based effective connectivity during an avoidance-based PIT task. Eleven participants (8 females; Mage = 28.2, SD = 2.8, range = 25–32 years) completed the task. Effective connectivity between a priori brain regions engaged during the task was determined using hemodynamic response function group iterative multiple model estimation (HRF-GIMME). Participants exhibited behavior that was suggestive of specific PIT, a CS previously associated with a reinforcing outcome increased instrumental responding directed at the same outcome. We did not find evidence for general PIT; a CS did not significantly increase instrumental responding towards a different but related outcome. Using HRF-GIMME, we recovered effective connectivity maps among corticostriatal circuits engaged during the task. Group-level paths revealed directional effects from left putamen to right insula and from right putamen to right cingulate. Importantly, a direct effect of specific PIT stimuli on blood–oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the left putamen was found. Results provide initial evidence of effective connectivity in key brain regions in an avoidance-based PIT task network. This study adds to the literature studying PIT effects in humans and employing GIMME models to understand how psychological phenomena are supported in the brain.
Culturally Contested Literacies: America's "Rainbow Underclass" and Urban Schools

Culturally Contested Literacies is a vivid ethnographic account of the everyday cross-cultural living and schooling experiences of six culturally-diverse families in urban America. Documenting the ways in which these families learn about literacies and their meanings in relation to schools, inner city environments, and other ethnic groups, Guofang Li's incisive analysis reveals the unique experiences of fractured urban America. Unlike prior research that fragments various social categories, Culturally Contested Literacies explores the rich complexity within each family as they make sense of their daily relations in terms of race, ethnicity, class, and gender. It then juxtaposes the productions of such familial relations across and within cultural groups with the context of the larger socio-political and socio-economic formations. By presenting a realistic picture of the varying ways that America’s "rainbow underclass" might encounter schooling, Li argues that urban education must be understood in relation to not only the individual’s cultural and familial milieu, but also to the interactive context between the individual and schools.
An Introduction to Category Theory

Going beyond the partial functions and multifunctions already considered, one might invent other useful notions of the input/output function from X to Y. In addition to the need to considerX, Y as “data structures,” there are theoretical approaches to semantics in which all X, Y must carry further structure. Rather than embark on the misguided task of presenting an exhaustive list of present and future possibilities, we introducecategories as a framework for semantics which possess so little structure that most models of semantics can be represented this way. Surprisingly, what structure remains can be extensively developed and there is a great deal to say.
Results of an Institutional LGBT Climate Survey at an Academic Medical Center.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize the climate and culture experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) employees and students at one large academic medical center. An anonymous, online institutional climate survey was used to assess the attitudes and experiences of LGBT employees and students. There were 42 LGBT and 14 non-LGBT survey participants. Results revealed that a surprisingly large percentage of LGBT individuals experienced pressure to remain “closeted” and were harassed despite medical center policies of non-discrimination. Continuing training, inclusive policies and practices, and the development of mechanisms to address LGBT-specific harassment are necessary for improving institutional climate.
Artificial Functional Nucleic Acids: Aptamers, Ribozymes, and Deoxyribozymes Identified by In Vitro Selection

The discovery of natural RNA catalysts (ribozymes) inspired the use of in vitro selection methodology to develop artificial functional nucleic acids (FNAs). In vitro selection is the experimental process by which large random-sequence pools of RNA or DNA are used as the starting point to identify particular nucleic acid sequences that have desired functions. When this function is binding of a molecular target, the functional nucleic acid is an RNA or DNA “aptamer.” When this function is catalysis of a chemical reaction, the functional nucleic acid is a “ribozyme” or “deoxyribozyme”; these are collectively termed “nucleic acid enzymes.” Since the first in vitro selection experiments in 1990, a wide variety of aptamers and nucleic acid enzymes have been identified. This chapter describes how aptamers, ribozymes, and deoxyribozymes are obtained by in vitro selection methodologies. Also addressed are the scope of the molecular targets that are bound and the chemical reactions that are catalyzed. Biochemical and structural characterizations of aptamers and nucleic acid enzymes are discussed. A final section introduces aptazymes, which are allosterically regulated nucleic acid enzymes.
Exercising videoendoscopic evaluation of 45 horses with respiratory noise and/or poor performance after laryngoplasty.

Objective: To (1) assess upper airway function by videoendoscopy in horses performing poorly after laryngoplasty and (2) establish whether dynamic collapse of the left arytenoid can be predicted by the degree of resting postsurgical abduction. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Horses that had left laryngoplasty (n=45). Methods: Medical records (June 1993–December 2007) of horses evaluated for abnormal respiratory noise and/or poor performance after laryngoplasty were reviewed. Horses with video recordings of resting and exercising upper airway endoscopy were included and postsurgical abduction categorized. Horses with immediate postoperative endoscopy recordings were also evaluated and postsurgical abduction categorized. Relationships between resting postsurgical abduction and historical information with exercising endoscopic findings were examined. Results: Dynamic collapse of the left arytenoid cartilage was probable in horses with no postsurgical abduction and could not be predicted in horses with grade 3 or 4 postsurgical abduction. Respiratory noise was associated with upper airway obstruction but was not specific for arytenoid collapse. Most horses with a left vocal fold had billowing of the fold during exercise. Other forms of dynamic collapse involved the right vocal fold, aryepiglottic folds, corniculate process of left arytenoid cartilage, dorsal displacement of soft palate, and pharyngeal collapse. Complex obstructions were observed in most examinations and in all horses with exercising collapse of the left arytenoid cartilage. Conclusions: There was no relationship between exercising collapse of the left arytenoid cartilage and grade 3 or 4 postsurgical abduction but was likely in horses with no abduction.
Meningoencephalitis and Compartmentalization of the Cerebral Ventricles Caused by Enterobacter sakazakii

A necrotizing meningoencephalitis complicated by ventricular compartmentalization and abscess formation caused by Enterobacter sakazakii in a previously healthy 5-week-old female is described. A detailed description of the isolate is presented. This communication firmly establishes the pathogenicity of E. sakazakii.
Symmetry in Chemistry

Chemists have somehow neglected the concept of molecular symmetry, and it would be to their advantage to become more fully cognizant of it. Knowledge of the symmetry concepts in chemistry affords one a better understanding of the ever-increasing battery of tools available for the solution of structural problems. Raman, infrared, and ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray, electron, and neutron diffraction methods are some of the powerful tools that are based on symmetry considerations. Knowing the symmetry of a molecule one can predict the infrared or Raman spectrum, and knowing the spectrum one can arrive at the symmetry or structure of the molecule.
An Empirical Comparison of Probability Models for Dependency Grammar

This technical report is an appendix to Eisner (1996): it gives superior experimental results that were reported only in the talk version of that paper, with details of how the results were obtained. Eisner (1996) trained three probability models on a small set of about 4,000 conjunction-free, dependencygrammar parses derived from the Wall Street Journal section of the Penn Treebank, and then evaluated the models on a held-out test set, using a novel O(n 3 ) parsing algorithm. The present paper describes some details of the experiments and repeats them with a larger training set of 25,000 sentences. As reported at the talk, the more extensive training yields greatly improved performance, cutting in half the error rate of Eisner (1996). Nearly half the sentences are parsed with no misattachments; two-thirds of sentences are parsed with at most one misattachment. Of the models described in the original paper, the best score is obtained with the generative “model C,” which attaches 87–88% of all words to the correct parent. However, better models are also explored, in particular, two simple variants on the comprehension “model B.” The better of these has an attachment accuracy of 90%, and (unlike model C) tags words more accurately than the comparable trigram tagger. If tags are roughly known in advance, search error is all but eliminated and the new model attains an attachment accuracy of 93%. We find that the parser of Collins (1996), when combined with a highlytrained tagger, also achieves 93% when trained and tested on the same sentences. We briefly discuss the similarities and differences between Collins’s model and ours, pointing out the strengths of each and noting that these strengths could be combined for either dependency parsing or phrase-structure parsing.
Simvastatin and Survival in Sepsis

To the Editor: I read with great interest the recent article by Merx and colleagues1 that described their finding that mice treated with simvastatin before the induction of sepsis had dramatic reductions in mortality. Although I agree with the authors’ assertion that their work warrants further investigation, I believe the readers of this article may have been done a disservice by the authors’ review of the literature. The authors state that this study was the first to demonstrate that statins significantly improve survival in sepsis. However, Ando and colleagues2 previously reported that mice pretreated with cerivastatin had significant reductions in mortality relative to untreated control animals in a lipopolysaccharide-induced model of sepsis (73% survival in treated animals versus …
Influences of the Aging Process on Acute Perioperative Pain Management in Elderly and Cognitively Impaired Patients

ABSTRACT Background: The aging process results in physiological deterioration and compromise along with a reduction in the reserve capacity of the human body. Because of the reduced reserves of mammalian organ systems, perioperative stressors may result in compromise of physiologic function or clinical evidence of organ insult secondary to surgery and anesthesia. The purpose of this review is to present evidence-based indications and best practice techniques for perioperative pain management in elderly surgical patients. Results: In addition to pain, cognitive dysfunction in elderly surgical patients is a common occurrence that can often be attenuated with appropriate drug therapy. Modalities for pain management must be synthesized with intraoperative anesthesia and the type of surgical intervention and not simply considered a separate entity. Conclusions: Pain in elderly surgical patients continues to challenge physicians and healthcare providers. Current studies show improved surgical outcomes for geria...
Spatial communication capacity based on electromagnetic wave equations

We study directly the geometric properties of electromagnetic waves to derive the channel capacity of multiple antenna systems. Spatial system transfer functions and spatial sampling theory are used, instead of the usual independent and complex Gaussian assumption.