cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MODIFIERS AND "SEX RATIO" IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA.

The "sex ratio" (SR) inversions found on the X chromosomes of several Drosophila species cause males to produce progeny consisting almost entirely of females; of those few sons produced some are XY and some are XO (Sturtevant and Dobzhansky, 1936). The XO sons are sterile. The inversions are widespread within the genus, as well as geographically, and occur with local frequencies up to 30%. The population dynamics of the SR polymorphism is poorly understood (Policansky 1974, 1979; Beckenbach, 1978). Sturtevant and Dobzhansky (1936), Wallace (1948) and others suggested that the SR inversions are deleterious to individuals bearing them. They hypothesized that meiotic drive (i.e., selection at the genic instead of individual level) is responsible for the relatively high frequencies of SR in many natural populations. Since meiotic drive is very effective in increasing the frequency of an allele, even if it is quite deleterious (Sandler and Novitski, 1957; Shaw, 1959; Edwards, 1961) "the evolutionary defense of a species against a driving X chromosome lies in the suppression of the expression of meiotic drive" (Murray, 1972). In other words, a meiotically driven, deleterious X chromosome, such as SR, provides strong selective pressure for the evolution of modifiers of its effect. Modifiers of the SR effect have been found in D. paramelanica (Stalker, 1961) and in D. affinis (Novitski, 1947; Voelker, 1972) and of an autosomal sex ratio distorter in D. simulans (Faulhaber, 1967), but not in D. pseudoobscura. Sturtevant and Dobzhansky (1936) suggested that the SR effect in D. psuedoobscura "may be influenced by modifying genes" but they presented no evidence. Dobzhansky (1944) reported that "numerous" tests of males producing unisexual progenies invariably revealed the presence of the SR inversions. This suggests that no modifiers were present in his samples, or at least that any modifiers present had much less powerful effects than those described in D. affinis and D. paramelanica. This apparent lack of modifiers of SR in D. pseudoobscura is surprising, especially in view of the presence of modifiers in D. affinis and D. paramelanica; but no specific search for them has been made until now. We report here the results of an attempt to find modifiers of SR in D. pseudoobscura.
HGF Airway Over-expression Leads to Enhanced Pulmonary Vascularization without Induction of VEGF

The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling pathway mediates angiogenesis. We have previously reported that airway expression of a human HGF transgene (HGF TG) produced mice that were more susceptible to lung tumorigenesis induced by 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Here we show untreated HGF TG mice display enhanced vascularization (40 wks) and enhanced lymph vessel formation (20 wks) in the lungs compared to wild-type (WT) littermates, as ascertained by microvessel density. We profiled mRNA expression from HGF TG and WT mice for genes involved in angiogenesis. We consistently found significant decreases in expression of the VEGF family of angiogenic genes, including Vegfa, Vegfb, Vegfc, and Vegfd / Figf. Decreases were confirmed in whole lung protein extracts by immunoblot. Similar patterns of down-regulation were observed at 10, 20, and 40 wks of age. Vandetanib, an inhibitor of VEGFR2 and VEGFR3, did not prevent the increase in microvessel density observed in HGF TG mice. Reduction in VEGF pathway genes was also detected in lung tumors derived from NNK-treated HGF TG mice. HGF TG lung tumors also showed increased expression of five Cxcl family genes including Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 (murine forms of IL8). These results suggest increased vascularization produced by airway over-expression of HGF occurs through direct activation of c-Met on endothelial cells, rather than induction of VEGF pathways. Elevated HGF may also increase expression of inflammatory mediators that contribute to lung tumor progression.
Analysis of the Subcritical Carbon Dioxide−Water Interface

We follow the evolution of the H2O/CO2 interface at 300 K from the low pressure limit to near-critical pressures in molecular dynamics simulations using the SPC water and EPM2 carbon dioxide models...
THE USE OF VITAMIN C AND E AFTER HEART TRANSPLANT REVISITED

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is one of the main limiting factors in long term survival in heart transplant patients. Vitamin C and E (vit C & E) are potent antioxidants which may have a role in slowing CAV progression. Fang et al reported previously (Lancet. 2002: 359: 1108-1113) that vit C
A new human blood factor of rare incidence in the general population.

SummaryA new blood factor, Mia, demonstrable with the aid of an immune isoantibody responsible for hemolytic disease of the newborn is briefly described. Its hereditary nature is indicated by its presence in four out of 10 individuals in three generations of a particular family, in contrast to its absence in 425 random bloods.
Surveillance Status Among Medical Institutions in Xindu District,Chengdu City,2011

Objective To understand the public hygiene function mandatorily provided by various medical organization,namely the fulfillment of disease surveillance,and thus to provide references for government's new hygiene policy.Methods Data of the original diagnostic records,network reporting and utilization of surveillance information during Jan.to Jun.,2011 from 30 various medical organizations in Xindu district were collected on spot and statistically analyzed.Results The average scoring of the 30 institutions was 81.23%.And more specific average scoring were as below: 86.31% for those medical institutions at district level;85.38% for those in the town and residence community;80.15% for those stationary ones;72.62% for private ones which transformed from old ones;72.8% for the registration reporting quality of infectious disease;80.15% for surveillance of diarrhea diagnosis;84.70% for the surveillance of death analysis reporting;69.20% for the surveillance of non-infectious chronic disease;86.30% for the surveillance of planned-immunity disease and 89.30% for the poisoning surveillance.Conclusion The surveillance work is generally well in Xindu district in 2011,yet distinct differences exist in different institutions and various indicators.Thus,targeted measures should be strengthened.
Effect of Soil Bulk Density on Nourishment Absorption of Maize

Taken tillage brown soil as tested objects,the effects of bulk density on the absorption of N,P,K elements in the roots,stems,leaves and seeds of maize were studied by using the method of plot experiment. The results showed that with the increase of the designed bulk density,the same element accumulation of the identical corn physiological parts declined in the same growth period,in addition to stem and root's content of K which decreased at the initial stage and then increased,the other elements declined in the maize growing period. There had no obvious effect on maize element absorption when soil bulk density was less than 1. 3 g cm- 3. The absorption of various elements between physiological parts of maize had relative hysteresis phenomena in maize growth period,so fertilizer management would be in advance according to it.
Biodistribution and Targeting of Anti-5T4 Antibody–Drug Conjugate Using Fluorescence Molecular Tomography

Understanding a drug's whole-body biodistribution and tumor targeting can provide important information regarding efficacy, safety, and dosing parameters. Current methods to evaluate biodistribution include in vivo imaging technologies like positron electron tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography or ex vivo quantitation of drug concentrations in tissues using autoradiography and standard biochemical assays. These methods use radioactive compounds or are cumbersome and do not give whole-body information. Here, for the first time, we show the utility of fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) imaging to determine the biodistribution and targeting of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). An anti-5T4-antibody (5T4-Ab) and 5T4-ADC were conjugated with a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore VivoTag 680XL (VT680). Both conjugated compounds were stable as determined by SEC-HPLC and plasma stability studies. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy studies showed that VT680-conjugated 5T4-ADC specifically bound 5T4-expressing cells in vitro and also exhibited a similar cytotoxicity profile as the unconjugated 5T4-ADC. In vivo biodistribution and tumor targeting in an H1975 subcutaneous xenograft model demonstrated no significant differences between accumulation of VT680-conjugated 5T4-Ab or 5T4-ADC in either normal tissues or tumor. In addition, quantitation of heart signal from FMT imaging showed good correlation with the plasma pharmacokinetic profile suggesting that it (heart FMT imaging) may be a surrogate for plasma drug clearance. These results demonstrate that conjugation of VT680 to 5T4-Ab or 5T4-ADC does not change the behavior of native biologic, and FMT imaging can be a useful tool to understand biodistribution and tumor-targeting kinetics of antibodies, ADCs, and other biologics. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2530-40. ©2016 AACR.
Fixed Standalone PV Systems for Disaster Relief and Remote Areas

This chapter deals with fixed standalone photovoltaic systems for disaster-affected areas and remote areas. It discusses solar-powered pumping systems, types of solar pumps and design methods. The application of solar power pumps in irrigation, livestock watering, and solar-powered water purification using direct and indirect methods is also discussed. The case study discussed in this chapter looks at fixed standalone PV systems for mobile communications, benefits of solar-powered base stations and its applications for disasters and remote areas. It also discusses a specialized case of India’s base stations that are implemented in remote areas to provide connectivity, save money, and reduce pollution.
On the regularity of multidimensional nonseparable cascade filterbanks

This paper shows the relation of zeros of lower and higher dimensional filters based on the definition of regularity conditions for cascade structures. The relation is used to construct multidimensional regular filters. Two illustrative examples are also included.
Cyberbullying detection using probabilistic socio-textual information fusion

Cyberbullying is an important socio-technical challenge in Online Social Networks (OSN). With the growth trends of heterogeneous data in OSN, better network characterization, and textual feature sophistication, recent efforts have realized the value of looking at heterogeneous modes of information including textual features, social features, and image-based features for better cyberbullying detection. These approaches, however, still use these features either individually or combine them ‘naively’ without considering the different confidence levels associated with each feature or the interdependencies between features. We propose a novel probabilistic information fusion framework that utilizes confidence score and interdependencies associated with different social and textual features and uses those to build better predictors for cyberbullying. The performance of the proposed approach was compared to a recent approach in literature which used a similar dataset and features and the proposed approach resulted in significant improvements in terms of cyberbullying detection.
Post-Executive Order 13583: A Reexamination of Occupational Barriers in Federal Law Enforcement

This study examined occupational barriers in federal law enforcement between 2011 and 2015, replicating research conducted prior to the passage of Executive Order 13583 (2011). Qualitative and quantitative data were generated from surveys collected from 101 sworn female federal law enforcement officers on the challenges they face in the work environment. With little progress to gender equity, findings revealed that male colleagues’ resistance to women in federal policing and the perceived lack of promotions has increased, while work–life balance policies and sexual discrimination continue to be a challenge. Policy implications for improving organizational practices are discussed.
Coherent processing of regional signals at small seismic arrays

Abstract Regional arrivals, similarly to short-period teleseismic P waves, have a spectral structure that the Fourier transforms of individual sensors at arrays for events located in limited source regions can be decomposed into source and site spectral factors. This structure has been demonstrated to be valid for Pn and Lg arrivals at NORESS. This property of regional arrivals can be exploited for: (a) Grouping events with respect to relative location; (b) Identifying events with differing source mechanisms; and (c) Finding differences in the source time functions between closely spaced events. Potentially useful techniques for accomplishing such analyses consist of computing site-averaged interevent coherences, interevent and intersite equalization methods combined with correlation techniques. The advantage of such approaches is that we need not know much about the propagation characteristics (Green9s functions) along the paths to an array.
Now or Later: The Effects of Thinking About the Future More Concretely on Long-Term Decision-Making (A Structured Abstract)

Almost 35 % of Americans are considered to be obese (Center for Disease Control 2015), and more than half of Americans will not have enough savings to maintain their accustomed standard of living upon retirement (Porter 2015). Though consumers may have the best of intentions, research indicates that they often miss the mark when making long-term decisions. In this research, we investigate a new method for improving consumers’ long-term decisions by encouraging them to think about their future more concretely.
Abstract 537: Rgulation of ALG-2 in NAADP-induced Ca2+ Release via TRP-ML1 Channel in Mouse Coronary Arterial Myocytes

We have demonstrated that nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) sensitive Ca2+ release channel is characteristic of lysosomal TRP-ML1 in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs). The present study hypothesized that NAADP induces Ca2+ release from TRP-ML1 channels via apoptosis-linked gene 2 (ALG-2), which was reported to act as a Ca2+ sensor that modulates the function of TRP-ML1. By RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that ALG-2 is abundantly expressed in the cytosol of mouse CAMs. Confocal microscopy found that FasL and ET-1, well-known NAADP stimulators, increased the colocalization coefficient of ALG-2-GFP with TRP-ML1-RFP in CAMs from 0.17±0.033 to 0.3±0.044 and 0.3±0.09, respectively. In addition, the TRP-ML1 level was significantly increased in FasL or ET-1-treated CAMs after immunoprecipitation with anti-ALG-2, confirming that the interaction of ALG-2 with TRP-ML1 was enhanced in response to NAADP production. Furthermore, NAADP competitively inhibited recombinant ALG-2 protein binding with tis-NED-19, which fluorescently labels NAADP receptors. Importantly, fluorescent microscopic image analysis showed that NAADP-induced Ca2+ release was reduced from 380±42.03 nM to 216.7±14.7 nM after the transfection with ALG-2 siRNA in CAMs, which was also found after the treatment with FasL or ET-1. Our findings support the view that ALG-2 can directly bind with NAADP, which mediates the action of NAADP through lysosomal TRP-ML1 channels. Such results throw light on NAADP-TRP-ML1 working model in vascular cells.
Combinatorial genome and protein engineering yields monoclonal antibodies with hypergalactosylation from CHO cells

One of the key quality attributes of monoclonal antibodies is the glycan pattern and distribution. Two terminal galactose residues typically represent a small fraction of the total glycans from antibodies. However, antibodies with defined glycosylation properties including enhanced galactosylation have been shown to exhibit altered properties for these important biomedical modalities. In this study, the disruption of two α-2,3 sialyltransferases (ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6) from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells was combined with protein engineering of the Fc region to generate an IgG containing 80% bigalactosylated and fucosylated (G2F) glycoforms. Expression of the same single amino acid mutant (F241A) IgG in CHO cells with a triple gene knockout of fucosyltransferase (FUT8) plus ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6 lowered the galactosylation glycoprofile to 65% bigalactosylated G2 glycans. However, overexpression of IgGs with four amino acid substitutions recovered the G2 glycoform composition approximately 80%. Combining genome and protein engineering in CHO cells will provide a new antibody production platform that enables biotechnologists to generate glycoforms standards for specific biomedical and biotechnology applications.
Save Thousands of Lives Every Year: Resuscitate the Peer Review Privilege

Doctors make mistakes--preventable medical mistakes--that kill or seriously injure patients. The best way to reduce these preventable errors is through a medical peer review process typically referred to as a "morbidity and mortality conference." However, over the past twenty years, federal and state courts, state legislatures, and state voters have effectively gutted the morbidity and mortality conference (M+M) as a remedial and preventative tool, resulting in tens of thousands of unnecessary deaths every year. Doctors need our help restoring the effectiveness of M+Ms. Congress has created the means to do so; now, all the courts need do is use it. Otherwise, what has been happening over the last two decades will continue--physicians will fear the M+M, will either not participate in M+Ms or not participate fully, medical errors will not be thoroughly investigated and corrected, and the same preventable medical mistakes will continue to occur because physicians are scared if they admit during an M+M that they committed an error then, in a subsequent medical malpractice lawsuit, their admission will be used against them to prove negligence and liability. Part I of this essay summarizes the extent of the problem--many call it a crisis--of preventable deaths plaguing U.S. hospitals. Part II explains peer review, both in the context of physician credentialing/hiring and M+Ms, and the legal protections afforded under the provisions of immunity, confidentiality, and privilege. Part III discusses how federal and state court decisions, state legislative enactments, and voter initiatives have weakened existing protections for peer review, especially regarding M+Ms. Part IV describes the PSQIA and how it can--and should--be the solution to preventable hospital deaths. Part V concludes with a summation of the argument that courts employ the PSQIA privilege to protect M+Ms, and that physicians and hospitals do their part by fulfilling the requirements of the PSQIA such that they may invoke the privilege therein contained.
Prototyping the Mississippi Delta: Patents, alternative futures, and the design of complex environmental systems

AbstractThe bird foot delta of the Mississippi River exists at the nexus of cultural and environmental forces. Attempts to build navigable channels through this dynamic deltaic landscape illustrate the tension between human necessity and transformation of river systems. Each channel cut through the delta served the dual function of facilitating navigation to the Mississippi’s epic inland waterway, while simultaneously expediting the movement of valuable sediment to ever-deeper water, ultimately robbing the delta and its environs of life-sustaining substrata. Technological innovation paralleled transformation of the delta, and as the navigable channels advanced, so too did the methods and devices used to rake, exhume, and define new paths for ships. This ‘modern’ history is strikingly well preserved in the geomorphology of the river as well as in the archives of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). A forensic look at patent documents for the period suggests that two unrealized site-specif...
The Journey Begins

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce readers to the leadership development journey that this book takes them on. The metaphor of the school leader as the orchestra conductor, which is discussed in Chaps. 2 and 13, is introduced. Theoretical frameworks, quandaries shared by school principals during the Voices 3 focus groups, and reflective questions assist the readers in developing their own Leadership Platform (explained in Chap. 3). Readers are encouraged through questions and activities to revisit and revise their leadership platforms as new knowledge and understanding are gained in the reflective process.
Exploring the occurrence of sudden gains among anxious youth receiving evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Background There is limited information on the occurrence of 'sudden gains' - recognized improvements of substantial magnitude occurring between individual sessions of treatment. This study explores changes in anxiety across sessions of CBT for youth anxiety disorders to determine whether evidence exists for sudden gains in this population. Method A total of 133 anxious youth (Mage = 10.16 years; 55.6% male) were randomly assigned to receive 16 sessions of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT), family-based CBT (FCBT), or a family-based educational support and attention control (FESA). At each treatment session, youth completed a measure of anxiety. Sudden gains were calculated from weekly state anxiety scores using methods consistent with previous research (i.e., Tang & DeRubeis, 1999). Results Three participants experienced a sudden gain at any point during treatment; all experienced a reversal of the sudden gain, although one experienced a regain of the improvement that occurred during the sudden gain. Conclusions While sudden gains have been demonstrated in some studies, in a relatively new topic to the literature such as this, it should also be considered that many evidence-based treatments are actually intended to produce more steady/gradual gains - which may be particularly true for youth who are not as cognitively advanced as adults and who have much to learn about how psychopathology - and for this analysis, anxiety - operates.
Invite your representative to work. Change the world. Here’s how.

Today's political climate can seem hostile to science. Alternative facts, climate change denial, and relabeling of actual news as fake news are discouraging phenomena for sure. But these trends make it more important than ever to engage our politicians. Take heart! There is something you can do. You can show your representatives firsthand the amazing things you do, evidence of the economic engine that your activities generate, and the real people behind the discoveries. I did, and it was fun. We invited our congressman to the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and he accepted! For 2 hours, we explained and demonstrated efforts to cure blindness using stem cells, the medical implications of the discovery that cells can recover from the brink of death, a mosquito lab striving to eliminate insect-borne disease, and an Alzheimer's disease laboratory. Salud Carbajal peered through a microscope and met real scientists. Before his visit, he did not know what a postdoctoral fellow was, much less what stem cells look like. When he left he knew our names, how much money we bring into his district, and how important National Institutes of Health funding and international mobility are to our enterprise. Although I live in the United States, this approach should also apply to other democratic countries. If each of us converts one representative into a science champion, we can change the world.
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment

Spinal stenosis is a developmental degenerative condition. The most common symptomatology is by pain or weakness that precludes the patient from walking distances. Mechanical compression causes vascular insufficiency of the nerve roots, which is the cause of the claudication pain. Surgical enlargement of the spinal canal usually improves the symptomatology.
The Rheology and Processing of Reinforced Thermoplastics

The fabrication of parts from particle and chopped fiber filled plastics and elastomers is carried out by pumping, extrusion and molding of bulk polymer systems in a fluid state. A proper understanding of these processing operations requires a knowledge of the rheological properties of these systems. It is the purpose of this article to describe these rheological properties, the processing of compounds and their interrelationships.
The Role of Integrated Care in a Medical Home for Patients With a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term used to describe preventable birth defects and intellectual and/or developmental disabilities resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure. The American Academy of Pediatrics has a previous clinical report in which diagnostic criteria for a child with an FASD are discussed and tools to assist pediatricians with its management can be found. This clinical report is intended to foster pediatrician awareness of approaches for screening for prenatal alcohol exposure in clinical practice, to guide management of a child with an FASD after the diagnosis is made, and to summarize available resources for FASD management.
End of Life Issues in Behavioral Medicine

End of life issues have been relatively neglected in behavioral medicine. Nevertheless, advances in public health, medicine, and emergency care have significantly changed the way many people die, and patients are often faced with end of life experiences that can be lengthy and decisions that can be difficult and based on uncertainty. Increased opportunities to access both palliative and hospice care are also changing the end of life experience and provide behavioral medicine practitioners and investigators with important opportunities. Areas of intervention include management of physical symptoms, especially pain, and treatment of emotional complications including depression and anxiety. Issues somewhat unique to end of life including loss of dignity, fear of being a burden to others, and focus on spiritual and existential concerns may prove challenging to behavioral medicine providers not trained in these areas. Patient caregivers face many similar and some unique issues; they too are the proper focus of behavioral medicine intervention. Finally, advanced care directives and the growing body of research addressing this important practice are considered along with future directions to improve end of life care.
Policy Paradoxes: Challenges Confronting the Contemporary Arctic

There is both continuity and change in the challenges facing governance of the contemporary Arctic. Since the inception of the Arctic Council, the Chairs have played a significant role in highlighting or reducing the importance of different variables related to the region’s interlinked social and environmental changes. We argue that many of the current challenges confronting Arctic residents and stakeholders are in fact paradoxes – examples of irresolvable tensions at the top of the world that can be researched and managed, but are unlikely, without a significant unanticipated event, to be resolved. This chapter approaches the challenges faced in the twenty-first century Arctic from a perspective that recognizes the complexity of the agenda-setting that an Arctic Council Chair encounters. In the past 20 years interest in the poles has grown and the conduct of research has evolved, yet there remain disconnects between local, national, and Pan-Arctic actors’ policies and the security and vitality of the region. As more information about Arctic systems - social, ecological, and geophysical – becomes available at ever-faster speeds, the meaning of this information to diverse and competing actors is also evolving. The Arctic Council Chairmanship process has a role in promoting a better fit over time between Arctic Council governance and government policies in the North.
Internet-Delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Rationale, Considerations, and Lessons Learned

Despite the efficacy of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), problems with accessibility, availability, and acceptability have historically undermined the broad reach of this valuable intervention. For families of children with ASD, the extent of unmet health care needs is especially concerning—roughly one-third of children with ASD experience problems accessing quality care. Harnessing technology to reach families in their homes not only increases the accessibility of quality treatment, but can also offer additional benefits, such as maximizing the generalizability of care by treating families in their natural settings. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the rationale, considerations, and state of the research for utilizing Internet-delivered PCIT (I-PCIT), with a focus on the treatment of children with ASD. We provide a case illustration and conclude with a summary of lessons learned and future directions for I-PCIT for children with ASD.
A Study of Exact Ridge Regression for Big Data

Ridge regression is a regularization technique that can be used together with other regression algorithms to model highly correlated data. Like many other traditional techniques, ridge regression of big data version requires a large number of iterations over the dataset to converge. As the dataset cannot all be stored in memory, the dataset is split into RAM-accommodable subsets for training, however, this strategy is time-consuming for reading all subsets from hard drive to memory over and over. To overcome the memory barrier, we proposed to use working sufficient statistics to solve the problem [1]. The parameters of the working sufficient matrix is small enough to be stored in RAM all the time. They can be updated at per row level to allow online computation. This strategy only requires one iteration over the dataset. While our previous work proved its theoretical correctness, it was not clear how our innovative algorithm would work in practice. In this study, we aims to validate and evaluate the performance improvement of the algorithm we proposed in earlier work-Three sets of experiments were conducted using large data-sets published by FAA and BTS to examine the computation time, memory requirement, and the accuracy of the output. Results showed that our exact ridge aggression algorithm enjoyed many benefits, such as faster computing time, minimal memory requirements and more accurate estimates.
A Case Study: Determination of the Optimal Tailings Beach Distance as a Guideline for Safe Water Management in an Upstream TSF

Most tailings storage facility (TSF) failures occur in active, upstream-type TSFs, often due to extreme and unexpected weather conditions—specifically, heavy rainfall and strong winds. This case study of a TSF in southern Arizona examines the use of the optimum safe beach distance (Doptimal, the optimum distance between the crest and decant pond) as a tool for monitoring geotechnical stability and reducing catastrophic failures. A digital model of the TSF was used to determine the critical beach distance (Dcritical) under normal weather conditions, and Doptimal was then determined by adding incremental distances to account for the effects of heavy rainfall (Drainfall) and strong winds (Dwind). To overcome accessibility issues, a drone was used to map the TSF geometry and create a digital model. This model served as the basis for conducting a coupled stress-seepage, finite-element (FEM) analysis with a safety factor of 2.0 to assess geotechnical stability (Dcritical). The safe beach distance increments were determined using the PMP (probable maximum precipitation) and possible maximum wind speed. Based on this analysis, the optimal safe beach distance at the study site was identified as 202.2 m. Since the current beach distance (371 m) exceeds this value, the TSF was considered to be stable and satisfied the design safety factor of 2.0. However, this distance should be reassessed periodically to account for changes in the TSF geometry and other conditions. Furthermore, it applies only TSFs that are well-managed and feature a smooth, non-undulating beach surface with a consistent slope.
The effect of postmortem time of injection and freezing on the effectiveness of calcium chloride for improving beef tenderness.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of freezing and time postmortem on the effectiveness of injecting CaCl2 to tenderize beef. In Exp. 1, longissimus muscle treatments included 1) control 0 h, 2) CaCl2-injected 0 h, 3) control 24 h, and 4) CaCl2-injected 24 h. Injection consisted of .3 M CaCl2 at 10% by weight. Injecting CaCl2 at 24 h postmortem reduced (P < .05) shear force requirements compared with the 24 h control but did not (P < .05) tenderize meat as much as injecting at 0 h. In Exp. 2, longissimus muscle treatments included the following: 1) aged 2 d; 2) aged 7 d; 3) frozen d 1, thawed, aged 6 d; 4) CaCl2-injected d 1, aged 6 d; 5) frozen d 1, thawed, CaCl2-injected, aged 6 d; and 6) CaCl2-injected d 1, frozen, thawed, aged 6 d. Injection alone at d 1 or freezing, then thawing and injecting resulted in the lowest (P < .05) shear force requirements. In Exp. 3, longissimus muscle treatments included the following: 1) aged 1 d; 2) aged 7 d; 3) CaCl2-injected 0 h, aged 7 d; 4) CaCl2-injected d 1, aged 6 d; 5) frozen d 1, thawed, aged 6 d; and 6) frozen, thawed, CaCl2-injected, aged 6 d. Both d-1 injection alone and freezing, thawing, then injecting resulted in meat with shear force requirements similar to those of 0-h injected meat. The effect of treatments on cooking loss was inconsistent. Treatments that reduced shear force also reduced (P < .05) calpain and calpastatin activity proportionately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A General Methodology for Teaching Norms to Social Robots

Human behavior is powerfully guided by social and moral norms. Robots that enter human societies must therefore behave in norm-conforming ways as well. However, there is currently no cognitive, let alone computational model available of how humans represent, activate, and learn norms. We offer first steps toward such a model and apply it to the design of a norm-competent social robot. We propose a general methodology for such a design, from empirical identification of relevant norms to computational implementations of norm learning to thorough and iterative evaluation of the robot’s norm compliance by means of community feedback.
Abstract 13724: Myocardial Tissue Sensitization With Heat-activated Liposomal Doxorubicin Will Result in Enhanced Lesion Progression After Radiofrequency Ablation

Introduction: Chronic durable lesions after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of myocardial tissue remain difficult to achieve. Tissue exposed to RFA will often recover electrical activity despite init...
Lidocaïne intra-articulair bij de repositie van schouderluxaties

Bij ongecompliceerde, primaire schouderluxaties kan de huisarts zelf een poging tot repositie doen, met of zonder pijnstilling. Op de spoedeisende hulp wordt soms lidocaine intra-articulair als pijnstilling gebruikt. We onderzochten of intra-articulaire lidocaine een voordeel biedt ten opzichte van de standaard eerstelijnszorg (geen, orale of intramusculaire pijnstilling) bij de repositie van schouderluxaties. We letten daarbij op pijnstilling, snelheid van repositie en complicaties.
On sequences of iterations of increasing and continuous mappings on complete lattices

Abstract We generalize the famous Tarski result by showing that: if X is a complete lattice, and f : X → X is an increasing and continuous mapping, then for all points x 0 ∈ X , the limits of sequences ( f n ( lim ⁡ sup k ⁡ f k ( x 0 ) ) ) n = 1 ∞ and ( f n ( lim ⁡ inf k ⁡ f k ( x 0 ) ) ) n = 1 ∞ are fixed points of f. These limits are the tight fixed-point bounds between which sufficiently large iterations f k ( x 0 ) are located. We provide an application of this result to studying best-response dynamics.
Cardiovascular complications of systemic lupus erythematosus: impact of risk factors and therapeutic efficacy-a tertiary centre experience in an Appalachian state.

Objectives Cardiovascular complications became a notable cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with lupus as therapeutic advancements became more efficient at managing other complications. The Appalachian community in Kentucky has a higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, predisposing them to cardiovascular events. Namely, the mean body mass index of the members of the Kentucky Appalachian community was reported at 33 kg/m2 and 94.3% of male members of this community use tobacco. We sought to identify risk factors that predispose patients with lupus to cardiovascular morbidities and examine the effect of immunomodulatory drugs. Methods We identified 20 UKHS patients having both a lupus diagnosis and experienced at least one cardiovascular event. We chose three controls matched for birth-year ±5 years to each case. In a case–control design, we analysed lupus manifestations, cardiovascular risk factors and immunosuppressive therapies. We collected Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 disease activity index during the cardiovascular event. Results We identified 308 patients with lupus from among all University of Kentucky Health System patients. 20 (6.5%) of such patients with lupus were confirmed to cardiovascular complication. Of those 20, 7 (35%) had experienced myocardial infarction, 10 (50%) had experienced stroke and 4 (20%) had peripheral ischaemia. Tobacco use and male gender were the only traditional cardiovascular risk factors higher in the cases group. Hydroxychloroquine and steroids were less utilised in the cases than in the controls (70% vs 100% in hydroxychloroquine, 30% vs 82% in steroids). Venous thrombosis was found to be significantly higher in the cases. On multivariate analysis, venous thrombosis remained significant. Conclusion Despite tobacco use partially explaining the increased risk of cardiovascular disease among the cases group, the higher prevalence of venous thrombosis in the cases group suggests lupus as a potential additional risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity among patients with lupus in this Appalachian community.
Investigations of fundamental nitrogen oxide plasma chemistry & surface interactions

With increasing concern about environmental health and climate change, there is a greater need to investigate fundamental reactivity of pollutant species. Improving the effectiveness of substrates used in vehicular emissions abatement hinges on the ability to discern the contributions of gas-phase species in surface reactions. A fundamental understanding of interactions between plasma species is essential to characterizing complex plasma chemistry phenomena. Inductively-coupled NxO y plasma systems were investigated to determine relationships between precursor chemistry and gas-surface interface reactions with different substrates. Precursor chemistry was probed via gas-phase diagnostics; time-resolved optical emission data elucidated NO(g) and N2(g) production kinetics from NxO y source gases, whereas steady-state emission and absorbance data provide information on energy partitioning between different degrees of freedom (e.g. vibrational and rotational modes).1 We have also explored the role of electrons within these discharges through the analysis of Ar emission lines. Ultimately, these data afford significant insight into understanding of molecule formation and decomposition pathways, as well as overall plasma chemistry in nitrogen and oxygen containing plasma systems of interest to pollution abatement. Additionally, these gas phase studies were performed in the presence of flat, micro- and nanostructured materials. Specifically, interface studies explored the influence of both non-catalytic (e.g. Si wafers, glass slides) and catalytic (e.g., Pt foil, Au films, zeolites) substrates on both the kinetics and energetics within various NxO y discharges. Optical spectroscopies were employed to measure the relative gas phase density of NO, N2, and OH as a function of plasma operating parameters (i.e. applied rf power, gas mixture, substrate architecture). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to assess surface chemistry, substrate morphology, and bulk characteristics of the material, respectively, before and after plasma exposure. Our holistic approach to studying the plasma, the surface, and the gas-surface interface suggests a more thorough evaluation of plasma processing for NxO y emission control.
Comparing the Views of Adults

In closing this section on the adult data, I will compare the views of caregivers or parents on the one hand with those in the Other Adult category on the other hand, providing a context from which to consider adult views in relationship to youth views.
Comparative Law - Genetic Privacy - Icelandic Supreme Court Holds that Inclusion of an Individual’s Genetic Information in a National Database Infringes on the Privacy Interests of His Child

This is a brief comment on the Iceland Supreme Court case of Guðmundsdottir v. Iceland. In that case, the daughter of a deceased man whose genetic, ancestral and health information were scheduled to be included in a national database successfully argued that including her father's information infringed her own privacy, since information about her could be inferred from "his" genetic information. I suggest that in the U.S., at least, it may make more sense to think about inherently familial genetic information through the lens of property law, with its ability to recognize and balance competing property interests in the same object, rather than privacy law, which tends to be fairly individualistic.
SST: symbiotic subordinate threading

We propose a subordinate threading scheme in which the main thread skips instructions that are guaranteed to be correctly executed by the subordinate thread. Speeding up the main thread increases the overall speed of the processor. Also, a faster main thread can detect the subordinate thread's mispredictions earlier, thereby cutting down the amount of time the subordinate thread spends on wrong-path instructions. Hence, the subordinate thread is now free to do more aggressive speculations. We developed a cycle-accurate simulator and evaluated our symbiotic subordinate threading scheme for the SPEC2000 integer benchmarks. Our results show an average performance improvement of 21% over a base subordinate threading scheme that does not let the main thread skip any instructions.
Age, self-control, and adults' offending behaviors: A research note assessing A general theory of crime

This article examined empirically whether Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) “general theory” explained criminal and imprudent behaviors among a community sample of adults across the age distribution. The findings indicated that low self-control was significantly related with both forms of self-reported offending activity through age fifty. Gottfredson and Hirschi’s claim that their theory explained offending across age, therefore, was generally supported. It is suggested that future empirical tests employ the “general theory” as a causal explanation of adult criminality.
Nestlé SA: Nutrition, Health and Wellness Strategy

In 1997 Nestle committed to a strategic vision of becoming the leading nutrition, health and wellness (NHW) company in the world. Over the next 13 years, the NHW strategy guided strategic decisions and choices at Nestle including merger and acquisition choices, strategies for improving products, and packaging innovations that helped Nestle built credibility with the consumer in NHW, raised profit margins, continued strong growth and differentiated the firm.Learning Objective: To examine how Nestle used a strategic commitment to guide the firm's investments/divestments, innovation focus, R&D strategy and strategic positioning. Focus is on the commitment and unwavering support for the strategy and also the tough decisions that a large firm comes up against when parts of its business may not be in concert with its strategy.
An algorithn for generating a basis of the trades on t-designs

For the purpose of constructing t-designs (a special family of incomplete block designs) from a given design, a trade off method has been introduced and studied [Hedayat and Li (1979)]. In this paper, we present a computer algorithm for generating a basis of the trades on t-designs utilizing the results of Graham, Li and Li (1980).
Composition of Particulate Organic Matter in the Southern Chesapeake Bay: Sources and Reactivity

The distribution of two classes of lipid biomarker compounds (fatty acids and sterols) was used in conjunction with several bulk parameters (total suspended solids, chlorophyll a, and particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations) to examine spatial and temporal variability in the sources of particulate organic matter (POM) important to southern Chesapeake Bay. Based on these geochemical parameters, we found that suspended and sedimentary organic matter in the southern Chesapeake Bay is derived from autochthonous sources including a mixture of fresh and detrital phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria. The dominant factor contributing to temporal variability during our study was phytoplankton productivity. Enrichments in particulate organic carbon, chlorophyll a, total fatty acids, total sterols, and a number of biomarkers specific to phytoplankton sources were found in particles collected from surface (1 m) and deep (1 m above the bottom) portions of the water column at several sites during the spring bloom in March 1996 and during a localized bloom in July 1995. Comparison of sites at the mouths of two tributaries (York and Rappahannock rivers) to southern Chesapeake Bay with two sites located in the bay mainsterm indicates spatial variation in the composition of POM was not significant in this region of the bay. The energetic nature of this region of the Chesapeake Bay most likely contributes to the observed homogeneity. Comparison with biomarker studies conducted in other estuaries suggests the high levels of productivity characteristic of the Chesapeake Bay contribute to high background levels of POM.
Effect of dimethy laminoethylphosphonate on phospholipid metabolism in Tetrahymena

Dimethylaminoethylphosphonate (DMAEP) was incorporated into the phospholipids of the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila at the expense of both phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, but it had no effect on the levels of the 2-aminoethylphosphonolipid. The newly formed DMAEP-lipid accounted for almost 50% of the phospholipids of the organism. The DMAEP was incorporated into the phospholipids using both the ethanolaminephosphotransferase and cholinephosphotransferase pathways. The DMAEP-lipid was not methylated to the trimethyl derivative, confirming the lack of methylation of phosphonolipids by Tetrahymena.
The nature of satisfaction: An updated examination and analysis

Abstract The preponderance of recent satisfaction research focuses on things that cause satisfaction. Measurement articles addressing the precise conceptualization of consumer satisfaction are more than a decade old. In that time, many advances in analytical approaches used to delineate and operationalize latent constructs have been made. The research presented here uses advances in both satisfaction research and measurement theory to provide a more precise view of consumer satisfaction and dissatisfaction than has been previously offered. While some researchers have used indicators that, arguably, lack face validity due to contamination of other closely related constructs, the conceptualization offered here maximizes face validity and is more true to the nature of reflective indicators of latent constructs. Additionally, the possibility of distinct satisfaction and dissatisfaction constructs is investigated.