cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MICRO EMPIRICAL RESULTS OF A KALECKIAN-TYPE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION MODEL COMPARED WITH MACRO RESULTS FOR SOME EUROPEAN ECONOMIES

A micro economic model of the rate of capital accumulation that corresponds to a macro Kaleckian-type post-Keynesian investment function is hypothesized. Firm-level accounting data on industrial and commercial firms over the time period 1994–2000 for three European economies and the USA are used to test the consistency of the micro model with the macro model of Hein and Ochsen (2003, Metroeconomica, 54, pp. 404–33). The micro empirical results were very consistent with the macro results, suggesting a strong micro foundation to the macro investment function. In addition country differences and industry differences were included in the analysis.
An adjustable linear time parallel algorithm for maximum weight bipartite matching

We present a parallel algorithm for finding a maximum weight matching in general bipartite graphs with an adjustable time complexity of O(n/ω) using O(nmax(2ω,4+ω)) processing elements for ω ≥ 1. Parameter ω is not bounded. This is the fastest known strongly polynomial parallel algorithm to solve this problem. This is also the first adjustable parallel algorithm for the maximum weight bipartite matching problem in which the execution time can be reduced by an unbounded factor. We also present a general approach for finding efficient parallel algorithms for the maximum matching problem.
Density polarization functional theory

At the center of density functional theory (DFT) are the proofs by Hohenberg and Kohn, which show that all properties of quantum many-body systems are functionals of the ground state density, and the Kohn-Sham construction, in which the exchange-correlation energy is a functional only of the density. DFT has been widely assumed to apply directly to the static dielectric properties of insulators. However, in 1995, Godby, Ghosez, and Godby pointed out that the assumptions of HK do not strictly apply to the case of a crystal in a finite electric field, since there is no ground state, and they argued that the description of intrinsic bulk dielectric phenomena in a crystal requires a functional of both the bulk density and the polarization. Here we summarize the status of recent work, especially a detailed exposition given elsewhere by the present author and G. Ortiz. The primary goal is to construct a density-polarization functional theory that will provide a fundamental basis for the theory of dielectrics, which is formulated in terms of polarization and electric fields. The consequences of the ideas presented here are: 1) it is essential to use polarization in order to describe the long wavelength limit; 2) physically meaningful changes in polarization can be derived directly from the wavefunction; and 3) DFT must be generalized to a density-polarization functional theory in order to fully describe the dielectric behavior of materials.
Analysis of Prostate Patient Setup and Tracking Data: Potential Intervention Strategies

Purpose To evaluate the setup, interfraction, and intrafraction organ motion error distributions and simulate intrafraction intervention strategies for prostate radiotherapy. Methods and Materials A total of 17 patients underwent treatment setup and were monitored using the Calypso system during radiotherapy. On average, the prostate tracking measurements were performed for 8 min/fraction for 28 fractions for each patient. For both patient couch shift data and intrafraction organ motion data, the systematic and random errors were obtained from the patient population. The planning target volume margins were calculated using the van Herk formula. Two intervention strategies were simulated using the tracking data: the deviation threshold and period. The related planning target volume margins, time costs, and prostate position “fluctuation” were presented. Results The required treatment margin for the left–right, superoinferior, and anteroposterior axes was 8.4, 10.8, and 14.7 mm for skin mark-only setup and 1.3, 2.3, and 2.8 mm using the on-line setup correction, respectively. Prostate motion significantly correlated among the superoinferior and anteroposterior directions. Of the 17 patients, 14 had prostate motion within 5 mm of the initial setup position for ≥91.6% of the total tracking time. The treatment margin decreased to 1.1, 1.8, and 2.3 mm with a 3-mm threshold correction and to 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm with an every-2-min correction in the left–right, superoinferior, and anteroposterior directions, respectively. The periodic corrections significantly increase the treatment time and increased the number of instances when the setup correction was made during transient excursions. Conclusions The residual systematic and random error due to intrafraction prostate motion is small after on-line setup correction. Threshold-based and time-based intervention strategies both reduced the planning target volume margins. The time-based strategies increased the treatment time and the in-fraction position fluctuation.
Linear phenol‐formaldehyde polymers: Synthesis of ortho‐para linked polymers

Linear ortho-para linked phenol-formaldehyde polymers were prepared by the addition of tetrahydrofuran solutions of o-chlorophenol-formaldehyde polymers to liquid ammonia containing sodium. The resulting phenol-formaldehyde polymers were crosslinked much more slowly by reaction with hexamethylenetetramine than were the isomeric ortho-ortho linked phenol-formaldehyde polymers. Infrared and acetylation studies were consistent with proposed structure.
K‐generic Projective Planes have Morley Rank Two or Infinity

We show that K-generic projective planes have Morley rank either two or infinity. We also show give a direct argument that such planes are not Desarguesian. Mathematics Subject Classification: 03C45, 05C90, 51A35.
Perceived Risk of Developing Diabetes in Early Adulthood: Beliefs about Inherited and Behavioral Risk Factors across the Life Course:

This study aimed to determine how college students perceive their risk of developing diabetes over their life course, with specific emphasis on their beliefs about the influence of inherited versus behavioral risk factors. A bivariate ordered probit regression model was used to simultaneously predict perceived risk for 10-year absolute risk of diabetes and lifetime absolute risk of diabetes. Ten-year and lifetime absolute risk were both increased when the respondent self-identified with a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white (β = 0.42, p < .001 and β = 0.33, p = .004, respectively), and when the respondent had an increasing number of family members with diabetes (β = 0.33, p < .001 and β = 0.45, p < .001, respectively). Beliefs linking behavioral risk factors to perceived risk of developing diabetes across the life course were not statistically significant. The absence of significant association between perceptions of behavioral risk as factors for developing diabetes and perceived risk for diabetes over the life course supports the need for educational interventions about behavioral and genetic causes of diabetes among the college-aged population.
The Handling of a Claim for Tortious Interference with an At-Will Employment Contract in the Delaware State Courts versus the Delaware District Court

The law generally protects against interference with contract, but when the contract is one for at-will employment, relief is typically more restricted. Overall, the Delaware state and federal courts have been consistent in their approach to dismissing claims brought by former employees against third parties (such as co-workers, supervisors) for tortious interference with their at-will employment contract. This does not appear true, however, when tortious interference with an at-will contract claims are brought by employers against third-party interferers. This article discusses the relevant cases in the Delaware state and federal courts. While ultimate resolution as to the viability of this claim rests with the Delaware Supreme Court, it should be based on the applicable commentary in the Restatement (Second) of Torts § 766: Delaware law should recognize a claim for tortious interference with an at-will employment contract as a viable cause of action only when it is brought by a former employer against the former employee’s new employer.
Charlottesville-Albemarle Legal Aid Society (C): 10 Years Later

This case series deals with the situation facing the director of the Charlottesville-Albemarle Legal Aid Society, a federally supported nonprofit organization chartered to provide legal services to low-income people involved in noncriminal cases. Legal Aid has entered a challenging time in its history: Funding is decreasing while demand for services is growing. The director is struggling with how to forge a new strategy for the organization in an environment where resources are stretched thin and stakeholders do not agree about where the organization's efforts should be focused. The C case provides an update 10 years after the A case (UVA-BP-0377). See also the B case (UVA-BP-0516).
Multidomain, Surface Layer-associated Glycoside Hydrolases Contribute to Plant Polysaccharide Degradation by Caldicellulosiruptor Species

The genome of the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis encodes 19 surface layer (S-layer) homology (SLH) domain-containing proteins, the most in any Caldicellulosiruptor species genome sequenced to date. These SLH proteins include five glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and one polysaccharide lyase, the genes for which were transcribed at high levels during growth on plant biomass. The largest GH identified so far in this genus, Calkro_0111 (2,435 amino acids), is completely unique to C. kronotskyensis and contains SLH domains. Calkro_0111 was produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli as two pieces, containing the GH16 and GH55 domains, respectively, as well as putative binding and spacer domains. These displayed endo- and exoglucanase activity on the β-1,3-1,6-glucan laminarin. A series of additional truncation mutants of Calkro_0111 revealed the essential architectural features required for catalytic function. Calkro_0402, another of the SLH domain GHs in C. kronotskyensis, when produced in E. coli, was active on a variety of xylans and β-glucans. Unlike Calkro_0111, Calkro_0402 is highly conserved in the genus Caldicellulosiruptor and among other biomass-degrading Firmicutes but missing from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. As such, the gene encoding Calkro_0402 was inserted into the C. bescii genome, creating a mutant strain with its S-layer extensively decorated with Calkro_0402. This strain consequently degraded xylans more extensively than wild-type C. bescii. The results here provide new insights into the architecture and role of SLH domain GHs and demonstrate that hemicellulose degradation can be enhanced through non-native SLH domain GHs engineered into the genomes of Caldicellulosiruptor species.
Value Investing General Principles

This paper profiles what I believe are core value investing general principles. In my work as a corporate financial and strategic advisor, I have observed a need for such an exposition because core value investing theory is not well understood by many corporate executives. Two anecdotal examples will illustrate this: (1) While speaking with a C-level executive about a potential acquisition he was contemplating, I mentioned the practical insights that a value investing-based analysis could provide. He replied, "We have a lot people running dividend discount models so we're good there." He looked at me funny when I replied that such models were not at all what I meant by a value investing-based analysis, and (2) While speaking with another executive about an acquisition I again broached the topic of value investing-based analysis to which he replied, "I know all about that and already 'buy low and sell high.'" I observed that, given his acquisition history, he was not "buying low" and, further, that there was a great deal more to value investing than that. While this paper is introductory in nature, more experienced readers may be interested in how I interpret and profile the general value investing principles they are familiar with.
KINETICS OF PROSTACYCLIN SYNTHESIS IN PGHS-1-OVEREXPRESSED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

The availability of a human endothelial cell overexpressed with prostaglandin H synthase-1 (PGHS-1) by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer made it possible to quantify the kinetics of prostacyclin [prostaglandin (PG)I2] synthesis and PGHS-1 turnover. Prostacyclin synthesis in response to arachidonate (AA) and ionophore A-23187 fit a single exponential kinetics. The rate constants for AA- and ionophore-treated cells were 0.064 min-1 [half-life (t1/2) of 11 min] and 0.032 min-1 (t1/2 = 22 min), respectively. The rate constant of PGI2 synthesis from PGH2 was 0.13 min-1. Using kinetic analysis coupled with computer modeling, the PGHS-1 half-life was determined to be 10.8 min. PGI2 production under successive treatments with AA or ionophore was reduced by only approximately 30% after each treatment. The decline of PGI2 synthesis corresponded to the reduction of PGHS-1 mass. The half-life of PGI2 synthesis from this analysis was at least an order of magnitude higher than that estimated from the single-dose experiment. These findings indicate that approximately 30% of PGHS-1 was degraded during each catalysis-induced autoinactivation and that the extent and duration of PGI2 synthesis are governed by the level of PGHS-1 mass.
Mean free paths in single-walled carbon nanotubes measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy

The inelastic mean free path ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{MFP}}$ is a critical parameter for electronic devices. Here, we demonstrate Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) as a technique for studying ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{MFP}}$ in biased, semi-metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Having one of the longest room-temperature ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{MFP}}$ values of any known material, SWNTs provide a unique platform for probing mesoscopic transport. KPFM directly determined ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{MFP}}$ as a function of bias, quantitatively determined the contributions of different scattering mechanisms, and enabled comparative study of individual SWNTs with and without disorder. The room-temperature mean free paths for optical phonon and surface plasmon-polariton scattering were measured to be 62 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 20 nm and 260 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 50 nm, respectively. The optical phonon scattering length is significantly longer than inferred from previous measurements, and it resolves a longstanding discrepancy between SWNT theory and experiment, suggesting that KPFM could become a preferred quantitative technique for studying transport in nanoscale systems.
Automatic Evaluation of Novel Words The Role of Superficial Phonetics

The automatic evaluation effect is the tendency for people to immediately and unintentionally classify environmental stimuli as either “good” or “bad.” Does this effect extend even to one’s first encounter of novel voice stimuli? Novel nonsense words were generated and then served as priming stimuli together with a group of common English words. Each prime stimulus was presented immediately before a visual lexical target stimulus. Latency of response to the target was always the dependent variable. Experiment 1 indicated that nonsense stimuli are immediately evaluated and classified on the basis of their superficial phonetic qualities. Experiment 2 indicated that these superficial qualities did not influence the automatic evaluative response to familiar words, which was based instead on the words’ semantic meaning. These results imply that there is a preconscious first impression for the sounds of unfamiliar languages and that this is a potentially biasing influence on subsequent judgments and social inte...
HMX and RDX T-burner pressure coupled response from 200 to 1000 psi

This paper contains initial results of pressure coupled combustion response T-bumer measurements for pressed pellets of HMX and RDX. Pellets of pure oxidizers were pressed with a donut die to allow 0.45 inch hole hi center required for pressure pulsing. The pellets were burned in T-burner pipes of length 10, 15, 22, 36, and 50 inches at pressures of 200, 500 and 1000 psi. The data from RDX and HMX show similar high frequency response at 1000 psi, but HMX had higher response at 200 psi and low frequency. As the pressure decreased, HMX oscillated spontaneously with growth rates of 1 to 4 sec" at 200 psia. RDX was slightly stable at 200 psi with growth rates of 0.7 sec". At 1000 psi for HMX the growth rates ranged from -1.6 to +4 sec", while for RDX they ranged from -8 to 9.5 sec". The RDX positive values were at 2000 Hz, which was unexpected. This data is of special interest to instability modelers, especially those doing transient monopropellant modeling as there has not previously been any pure ingredient pressure coupled response data.
Hepatic metabolism of 1-14C octanoic and 1-14C palmitic acids.

The hepatic metabolism of 1−14C octanoic acid was compared with that of 1−14C palmitic acid in male rats which were fed. After intraportal injection only 1/6 to 1/18 as much octanoic acid as palmitic acid was incorporated into hepatic lipids. In contrast, octanoic acid yielded two to four times as much water-soluble product as did palmitic acid. Similar, but even more impressive, differences between the incorporation of these fatty acids into hepatic lipids were observed in liver slices incubated with14C octanoate and14C palmitate. The oxidation of octanoate to CO2 was more than 10 times as great as that of palmitate. With both substrates, triglycerides comprised almost half the labeled lipid recovered. However octanoate yielded a higher proportion of labeled, unesterified fatty acids and a lower proportion of labeled phospholipid and monoglycerides than did palmitate. Most of the14C recovered in hepatic lipids after incubation with 1−14C octanoate was found in the carboxyl groups of long-chain fatty acids, suggesting that the latter had been synthesized from 2-carbon fragments formed from the oxidation of octanoate. In contrast, only a small fraction of the palmitate was elongated. The similarities and differences between the metabolism of octanoic and palmitic acid in liver and intestine, and the possible nutritional significance of octanoic acid are discussed.
Calcification of Cardiac Valve Bioprostheses

Glutaraldehyde-preserved stent-mounted porcine aortic valve bioprostheses are widely used in the surgical management of valvular heart disease [3,13,16,17]. Since 1971, several hundred thousand have been implanted in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. In most cases, bioprostheses offer the distinct advantages of freedom from chronic anticoagulation and favorable hemodynamic performance. However, calcification of bioprostheses is frequent after long-term function [16,17]. Mineral deposits often lead to clinically significant valvar dysfunction, which usually necessitates reoperation, but is occasionally fatal.
Comments and responses to "Theoretical approaches to lightness and perception".

In a review of the brightness/lightness literature Kingdom (2011) noted that “Divided into different camps, each with its own preferred stimuli, methodology and theory, the study of LBT (lightness, brightness, transparency) is sometimes more reminiscent of the social sciences with its deep ideological divides than it is of the neurosciences”. Methodology and theory clearly separate our work from that of Gilchrist as described by Kingdom (2011). The similarity of the underlying problems, however, has led us to investigate the roots of these differences and to propose a framework to bridge the divide and advance the field (Blakeslee & McCourt, 2015). The common question for brightness/lightness research is how, and under what circumstances, is the visual system able to differentiate the physically invariant reflectance of a surface from its potentially changing illumination. The visual system lacks direct access to either quantity, being given only their product which determines the retinal luminance (intensity) distribution. The recovery of surface reflectance and illumination is thus an inverse problem with no algorithmic solution, and observers must therefore employ knowledge or prior assumptions (conscious or unconscious, learned or innate) about these variables to approximate a solution. We propose a framework for brightness/lightness research that resolves many of the confusions that have plagued communication between research groups (for details see Blakeslee & McCourt, 2015). The core ideas of this framework are that: 1) much of the confusion in the brightness/lightness literature stems from groups using different definitions of the central variables (brightness and lightness); 2) the term lightness, when defined simply as apparent reflectance, is underspecified with regard to illumination and is often used to refer to three independent and incomparable types of judgments. We discuss the above confusions and the false dichotomy between brightness and lightness research paradigms that they create, in relation to the preceding article (Gilchrist, 2015).
Indoor Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease New Evidence From Iran

Serious attention was first focused on indoor air pollution as a public health problem in the 1960s, when some of the first measurements of indoor pollutant concentrations, including nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particles, were made.1 Studies combining the tracking of activity patterns with monitoring of indoor and outdoor concentrations for key air pollutants soon led to an appreciation of the dominant contributions of indoor exposures to total personal exposures (ie, the total exposure experienced by an individual across the multiple environments where time is spent).2 A wave of epidemiological studies was also launched, directed at secondhand tobacco smoke, nitrogen dioxide from natural gas–fueled stoves and heaters, and other pollutants with indoor sources. These studies focused on the pollution sources present in higher-income countries, particularly in North America and Europe, and their adverse effects on health, particularly the respiratory health of children and adults. Collectively, the resulting evidence has given us an understanding of the critical role of indoor environments in driving exposures to inhaled pollutants and provided sufficient evidence to causally link secondhand tobacco smoke exposure to increased disease risk, including coronary heart disease and stroke, and other adverse effects in infants, children, and adults.3 Article, see p 2360 By the 1980s, the problem of indoor exposure to smoke from the burning of biomass fuels for cooking and heating was first recognized. Smith et al4 reported pioneering observations from India, measuring remarkably high personal exposures to particulate matter for women as they cooked over an open fire. The repeated documentation of such high exposures to biomass fuel smoke, generally with particulate matter used as the indicator of combustion pollution, motivated epidemiological studies of the consequences. The resulting body of evidence is substantial and supports the inference of a causal association of smoke from biomass fuels …
MPUs for Medical Networks

This chapter introduces analogical and deductive methodologies for the design medical processor units (MPUs). From the study of evolution of numerous earlier processors, we derive the basis for the architecture of MPUs. These specialized processors perform unique medical functions encoded as medical operational codes (mopcs). From a pragmatic perspective, MPUs function very close to central processor units (CPUs). Both processors have unique operation codes (opcs) that command the hardware to perform a distinct chain of subprocesses upon operands and generate a specific result unique to the opcode and the operand(s). In medical environments, MPU decodes the mopcs, executes a series of medical subprocesses, and sends out secondary commands to the medical machine or its peripherals. Whereas operands in a typical computer system are numerical and logical entities, the operands in medical machine are objects such as such as patients, blood samples, tissues, operating rooms, medical staff, medical bills, and patient payments. We follow the functional overlap between the two processes and evolve the design of medical computer systems and networks.
Toward a National Climate Change Health Coalition

The author argues that the U.S. public health community should develop comprehensive climate change adaptation strategies in 2016 that will embed population health as a main issue in the domestic and global response to climate change. The Paris Agreement international pact to limit global climate warming and greenhouse gas emissions is examined, along with the 1997 Kyoto Protocol environmental protection accord. A right to health, the U.S. government, and global responsibilities are assessed.
Steering Control Strategies for a Four-Wheel-Independent-Steering Bin Managing Robot

Abstract: Automatic steering systems are a standard function for robotic agricultural equipment. Ackerman steering is the most common type of steering mechanism on such equipment, making them perform as car-like vehicles. Because of their kinematic constraints, it is quite difficult to maneuver carlike vehicles effectively in orchards due to confined working space, constrained by physical boundaries such as tree rows and other obstacles. To remove such technical difficulties, more sophisticated steering mechanisms and steering control strategies are required for robotic agricultural equipment. In order to conveniently manage fruit bins in confined tree aisles constrained by high density tree rows, a robotic bin management system, called bin-dog system, implementable in typical Washington State tree fruit orchards has been developed. This bin-dog system adopted a four-wheel-independent-steering (4WIS) mechanism as the solution to achieve the necessary drivability and maneuverability. To provide adequate controllability to this 4WIS, a four-mode steering strategy, including Ackermann steering, active front and rear steering (AFRS), crab steering, and spinning, were designed for this bin-dog to manage fruit bins effectively in the confined orchard space. This control system makes it possible for the bin-dog system to switch between four steering modes using the most appropriate steering mode to complete all maneuvering tasks in a most effective way. To design such a control system, it is important to understand the influence of major factors, such as longitudinal speed and control gain on performance under different steering modes when tracking various paths. In this paper, a pure pursuit method was implemented using a GPS-based navigation to evaluate auto-steering performance with both Ackermann steering and AFRS modes. Field tests were conducted to assess the navigation performance using different steering strategies when tracking different paths. The results indicated that by properly selecting a steering strategy for the situation, it is possible to achieve a satisfactory path tracking performance for tracking curvy paths or completing tasks such as merging and cornering.
U.S. consumers’ preferences for imported and genetically modified sugar: Examining policy consequentiality in a choice experiment

Abstract Sugar originating in the United States is produced using both genetically modified (GM) and non-GM seeds and the United States is one of the largest importers of sugar in the world. Therefore, an online choice experiment was used to determine U.S. consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for imported and GM labeled bagged sugar and sugar in soft drinks. The choice experiments included two treatments: one serving as the control and one to test the impact of policy consequentiality. Results from both treatments indicate that consumers prefer bags of sugar and sugar in soft drinks from Canada and the United States compared to unlabeled sugar and sugar from Mexico, Brazil and the Philippines. Consumers also prefer non-GM labeled sugar compared to unlabeled and GM labeled sugar. The results regarding the use of policy consequentiality in an online choice experiment suggest that the application of consequentiality may increase participants’ likelihood of choosing one of the product options presented in the choice set rather than choosing the “none of these” option. Furthermore, participants who saw the consequentiality script had a higher level of belief that their survey responses would be consequential (p
Interactive Bibliotherapy: An Effective Method for Healing and Empowering Emotionally-Abused Women

This study examined the therapeutic use of interactive bibliotherapy as a catalyst for healing and empowering an emotionally-abused woman. A case history was taken with an adult female who was an outpatient at a psychiatric center Insights from her counseling sessions and the related dialogue journals are presented and discussed. Implications for practice are also included in the article.
The Problem of Parallel Radical and Non-Radical Mechanisms

The most commonly expressed concern about the utility of CIDNP in mechanistic chemistry is a reservation about whether the radical pathway which it reveals is the sole pathway for producing the observed products.
Genetic Typing of Biological Evidence Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction

It is well established that DNA can be extracted from many types of biological evidence: blood stains, semen, vaginal fluids, saliva, hair, bone, and tissue. This DNA can be used for genetic testing to provide information about the identity of the individual from whom the evidence originated. There are at present two distinct approaches to genetic testing at the DNA level: (a) the detection of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and (b) the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify segments of genetically informative DNA sequence. The focus of this paper is the latter approach, the use of the PCR in genetic testing.
Comprehensive Primary Health Care for HIV Positive Gay Men

Due to the seriousness of the health consequences that result from the inadequate treatment of HIV, much attention has been given to reductions in viral loads, maintaining strong CD4 levels, and other medical strategies geared specifically towards strengthening HIV positive gay men’s immune systems. The concept of comprehensive primary health care extends beyond foci on physiological aspects of the HIV positive gay men’s experiences of wellness and illness. Comprehensive primary health care is organized into five principles that more holistically consider factors that impact health. It includes important multilevel components that require care coordination and collaboration across a variety of sectors. Health care providers must better understand and address the comprehensive primary health care needs of HIV positive gay men to help ensure that their experiences in social and political contexts are, to the extent possible, accommodated in models of health care designed to address their complex needs.
Economics of Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Overview of Treatment and Research Funding

Without question, autism research and treatment are big business. Autism impacts multiple aspects of the lives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), their families, and the communities in which they live, attend school, and engage socially and vocationally. With no easy cure or preventative measures on the horizon, the field of autism treatment has attracted a plethora of questionable industries, promoting everything from dolphin therapy to fad diets. While researchers around the globe endeavor to determine the etiology of ASD, the reality is that intervention based on the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA) remains the only evidenced-based treatment for children with ASD. While fidelity and reliability are critical to its effectiveness, bad purveyors of ABA are ubiquitous, triggering government task forces and certificate programs as local, state, and federal governments struggle to regulate a growing multibillion-dollar business.
Mechanics of adsorption–deformation coupling in porous media

Abstract This work extends Coussy's macroscale theory for porous materials interacting with adsorptive fluid mixtures. The solid-fluid interface is treated as an independent phase that obeys its own mass, momentum and energy balance laws. As a result, a surface strain energy term appears in the free energy balance equation of the solid phase, which further introduces the so-called adsorption stress in the constitutive equations of the porous skeleton. This establishes a fundamental link between the adsorption characteristics of the solid-fluid interface and the mechanical response of the porous media. The thermodynamic framework is quite general in that it recovers the coupled conduction laws, Gibbs isotherm and the Shuttleworth's equation for surface stress, and imposes no constraints on the magnitude of deformation and the functional form of the adsorption isotherms. A rich variety of coupling between adsorption and deformation is recovered as a result of combining different poroelastic models (isotropic vs. anisotropic, linear vs. nonlinear) and adsorption models (unary vs. mixture adsorption, uncoupled vs. stretch-dependent adsorption). These predictions are discussed against the backdrop of recent experimental data on coal swelling subjected to CO2 and CO2 CH4 injections, showing the capability and versatility of the theory in capturing adsorption-induced deformation of porous materials.
Oxylipins in Fungal-Mammalian Interactions

Oxylipins, or oxygenated fatty acids, are potent signaling molecules that assist in orchestrating fungal-mammalian interactions. These molecules are generated by several oxygenases, chiefly lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and dioxygenases. The fungal and mammalian oxygenases share many conserved domains resulting in the production of similar and even identical oxylipins. Mammalian oxylipins (more commonly called eicosinoids) are part of the immune response whereas fungal oxylipins direct growth and development of the producing organism. Importantly, oxylipins from both Kingdoms can be perceived and recognized by each organism, impacting fungal-mammalian interactions.
Barriers to Seeking Police Help for Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence is underreported to police. A study was conducted utilizing focus group methodology to identify women's perceptions of the barriers to seeking police help for intimate partner violence (IPV). Facilitators used a structured format with open-ended questions for five focus group sessions that were recorded and subsequently analyzed using Ethnograph software. Participants were 41 women identified from social service agencies in an urban setting serving IPV women with diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Participants identified many barriers for victims, which fell within the following three themes: (1) Predisposing characteristics — situational and personal factors; (2) fears and negative experiences with police response; and (3) fears of possible repercussions. Participants also described positive experiences with police and generated a “wish list” for improving police response to IPV. Policies and actions that can be taken by police and social service agencies to address the barriers IPV victims face in seeking police help are discussed.
Reconciling experimental and numerical data: techniques of nonlinear seakeeping code validation

In this paper the authors apply qualitative and quantitative approaches in an effort to demonstrate techniques for validation of numerical nonlinear seakeeping codes. The work begins with a presentation of safe basin boundaries and integrity curves focusing primarily upon variations in wave steepness and roll/roll velocity state space variables for a realistic ship operating in stern quartering seas. The simulated results are compared to experimental data acquired in the Maneuvering and Seakeeping Basin (MASK) at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division. The study then discusses the use of analytical methods, such as Lyapunov exponents, to quantitatively validate a numerical simulation to experimental results.
Completing the genetic spectrum influencing coronary artery disease: from germline to somatic variation

Genetic and environmental factors influence the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic analyses of families and the population continue to yield important fundamental insights for CAD. For the past four decades, CAD human genetic research focused largely on the study of germline genetic variation in CAD and its risk factors. The first genes associated with CAD were discovered using basic Mendelian principles and pedigree analysis. Mapping of the human genome and advancement in sequencing technology sparked further discovery of novel genetic associations through exome sequencing and genome wide association analysis in increasingly larger populations. While prior work implicated in situ DNA damage as a feature of atherosclerosis, more recently, somatic mutagenesis in and clonal expansion of haematopoietic stem cells was found to influence risk of CAD. Mutations observed for this condition, termed clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, frequently occur within epigenetic regulator genes (e.g. DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, etc.), which are also implicated in leukaemogenesis. Hypercholesterolaemic mice with Tet2 bone marrow deficiency are predisposed to the development of atherosclerosis that may be partly related to inflammatory cytokines. As the genetic basis of CAD expands from the germline to somatic genome, our fundamental understanding of CAD continues to evolve; these new discoveries represent new opportunities for risk prediction and prevention, and a new facet of cardio-oncology.
Exploring the Relationship Between Timed Up and Go Test Times and Fall History in an Inpatient Geriatric Psychiatry Unit: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inpatient geriatric psychiatry units have the highest fall rates in the acute care setting and most falls in this population occur during the mobility tasks of transfers and ambulation. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test includes these 2 specific functional tasks and has been used to predict falls in other geriatric populations but has never been tested in an inpatient geriatric psychiatry unit. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the TUG time measurements of inpatient geriatric psychiatry patients were associated with falling. METHODS The study was a retrospective chart review using a case-control design. The sample was obtained from patients admitted to 1 inpatient geriatric psychiatry unit during the 4-month study period. RESULTS The total sample size was N = 62 and included older adults with (N = 29; "fallers") and without (N = 33; "nonfallers") a history of falls in the 6 months prior to admission. The mean age of fallers (M = 75.8, SD = 9.6) was not significantly different from the age of nonfallers (M = 74.0, SD = 7.6), P = .424. Both groups had higher proportions of female subjects; nonfallers were 75.8% (n = 25) female and fallers were 69.0% (n = 20) female. Most nonfallers (84.8%) completed the TUG testing without an assistive device, while most fallers (48.3%) used a walker. A significant difference was found between the TUG times of nonfallers and fallers, U = 737.00, z = 3.65, P < .001, r = 0.46. Fallers took longer to complete the TUG test (median = 26.5) than nonfallers (median = 13.6). The TUG time explanatory variable was statistically significant, P = .002. Increasing TUG times were associated with an increased likelihood of patient falls (odds ratio = 1.10). The optimal TUG cutoff score was 16.5 seconds, with 79.3% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity. CONCLUSIONS The TUG time measurement was found to be associated with falling. A cutoff time of 16.5 seconds is recommended to identify nonfallers from fallers in the inpatient geriatric psychiatry setting.
18 Social Demography, Space and Place

Social demographers are pushing back from the totalizing norms of a-spatial theory. Population dynamics affect, and are affected by the attributes of geographic places at multiple spatial scales. Spatial analysis in demography has benefitted from methodological advances, and from new theoretical perspectives in which space as a simple container of social behavior has been replaced by relational thinking in which spatial units play a causal role in social and demographic processes. In this perspective, space is a relatively abstract term that lacks substantive meaning. In contrast, place and community are created when people organize space, give it meaning, and identify with it. As Jones and Woods (Reg Stud 47:29–42, 2014) have observed, places and communities have both material and imagined coherence. Their material coherence is comprised of social, economic and political structures while their imagined coherence is characterized by a sense of place, and emotional and behavioral attachments to place. Demographic behavior contributes to the production and reproduction of a place’s institutional structure, while demographic relationships spanning place boundaries contribute to economic, social and political interdependencies. Like other social boundaries in contemporary society, spatial boundaries have become increasingly permeable, and spaces of intense social, economic and political interpenetration. Accordingly, the utility of spatial binaries such as urban vs rural is called into question.
Is It DAP? American Preschool Teachers’ Views on the Developmental Appropriateness of a Preschool Math Lesson from China

Planned instruction is an important teaching form in early childhood mathematics education, but some educators are concerned about its developmental appropriateness. The present study was undertake...
Does white-tailed deer density affect tree stocking in forests of the Eastern United States?

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have increased during the past century in the USA. Greater deer densities may reduce tree regeneration, leading to forests that are understocked, where growing space is not filled completely by trees. Despite deer pressure, a major transition in eastern forests has resulted in increased tree densities. To reconcile conflicting trends, we applied generalized linear mixed models to compare deer densities during 1982 and then 1996 to tree stocking after about 30 years and 15 years of potential reductions of small trees by deer, for the entire eastern US and 11 ecological provinces. We also compiled deer browse preferences and compared preferred browse with trends in tree species composition from historical (1620–1900) and current tree surveys. The forested area of the eastern US, including a prairie ecological province, was equally well-stocked (52%) and understocked (48%) during 2011–2017 tree surveys. For 1982 deer densities, 38% of area had deer densities > 5.8 deer/km2 and for 1996, 66% of area had deer densities > 5.8 deer/km2. Deer densities and tree stocking were not related significantly for the entire eastern US. Deer may reduce tree stocking in the Laurentian Mixed Forest; however, this province had both lower deer densities and greater tree stocking than other provinces. Furthermore, major tree species trends did not match tree browse preferences. Rather than too few trees, too many trees is an ecological problem where historical open oak and pine forests had herbaceous understories, and currently, trees have captured growing space. We attribute other drivers than deer to explain this transition.
The Atlas of Disease: Mapping Deadly Epidemics and Contagion from the Plague to the Zika Virus: by Sandra Hempel White Lion Publishing, London, 2018, 224 pp., £19.99 (hbk), ISBN 9781781317907

To set the stage for this review, I must confess that I am the sort of person thinks a lot about maps and public health (Waller, 2017), and the sort of person whose office features a framed print o...
Control of a large flexible platform in orbit

The dynamics and attitude and shape control of a large thin flexible platform in orbit are studied. Attitude and shape control is assumed to result from actuators placed perpendicular to the main surface and one edge and their effect on the rigid body and elastic modes is modelled to first order. The equations of motion are linearized about nominal orientations where the undeformed plate follows either the local vertical or local horizontal. The stability of the uncontrolled system is investigated analytically. Once controllability is established for a set of actuator locations, control law development is based on pole placement, decoupling, and linear optimal control theory.
T2 analysis of the entire osteoarthritis initiative dataset.

While substantial work has been done to understand the relationships between cartilage T2 relaxation times and osteoarthritis (OA), diagnostic and prognostic abilities of T2 on a large population yet need to be established. Using 3921 manually annotated 2D multi-slice multi-echo spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging volume, a segmentation model for automatic knee cartilage segmentation was built and evaluated. The optimized model was then used to calculate T2 values on the entire osteoarthritis initiative (OAI) dataset composed of longitudinal acquisitions of 4796 unique patients, 25 729 magnetic resonance imaging studies in total. Cross-sectional relationships between T2 values, OA risk factors, radiographic OA, and pain were analyzed in the entire OAI dataset. The performance of T2 values in predicting the future incidence of radiographic OA as well as total knee replacement (TKR) were also explored. Automatic T2 values were comparable with manual ones. Significant associations between T2 relaxation times and demographic and clinical variables were found. Subjects in the highest 25% quartile of tibio-femoral T2 values had a five times higher risk of radiographic OA incidence 2 years later. Elevation of medial femur T2 values was significantly associated with TKR after 5 years (coeff = 0.10; P = .036; CI = [0.01,0.20]). Our investigation reinforces the predictive value of T2 for future incidence OA and TKR. The inclusion of T2 averages from the automatic segmentation model improved several evaluation metrics when compared to only using demographic and clinical variables.
Wirkungen der Innovationsdynamik auf den Betriebseinsatz traditioneller PPS-Systeme

Die Innovationsdynamik ist durch die beiden Merkmale Neuigkeitsgrad und Frequenz gekennzeichnet (siehe Kap. III). Die vier Typen der Innovationsdynamik, — Produkt-, Verfahrens-, Struktur- und Sozialinnovationsdynamik — lassen sich im sog. Innovationsdynamik-Portfolio naher beschreiben. Je nach Auspragung der beiden Merkmale kann die Innovationsdynamik des betrachteten Typs als hoch oder gering eingestuft werden. In diesem Teilkapitel sollen nun mogliche Auswirkungen der Innovationsdynamik in verfugbaren PPS-Systemen dargestellt werden. Es konnen prinzipiell Auswirkungen auf die Auswahl, die Einfuhrung und den Einsatz von PPS-Systemen in Unternehmungen untersucht werden. In den folgenden Ausfuhrungen sollen in erster Linie Auswirkungen auf den Einsatz eines PPS-Systems in einer Unternehmung erarbeitet werden.
New Media: Connecting with Guests throughout the Travel Experience

Excerpt] As the use of social media expands, you must stay abreast of the increasing array of communications media options for how and when to reach your guests. We refer to new media as those that extend the boundaries of traditional mass media and direct mail communications. These new media include Internetbased technology platforms that incorporate online banner and search-engine advertising, as well as social media and mobile media. This chapter explains how these new media options have affected your marketing communications.