cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tranexamic acid: An emerging depigmenting agent

Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic drug, is now gaining popularity as a depigmenting agent. It is a synthetic lysine amino acid derivative which mainly blocks the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by inhibiting plasminogen activator. This results in less free arachidonic acid production, and hence a reduction in the prostaglandin (PG) levels as well. Thus, by reducing PG production, TXA reduces the melanocyte tyrosinase activity and plays an important role in the treatment of melasma, ultraviolet-induced hyperpigmentation, and other postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. It has been tried topically, orally, and intradermally in the management of melasma with minimal adverse effects. However, more randomized trials are needed to fully elucidate the exact mechanism of action, ideal route, frequency, and duration of administration of the drug, along with its potential to treat other pigmentary disorders.
A probabilistic eulerian approach for motion planning of a large-scale swarm of robots

We present a novel method for guiding a large-scale swarm of autonomous agents into a desired formation shape in a distributed and scalable manner. Our Probabilistic Swarm Guidance using Inhomogeneous Markov Chains (PSG-IMC) algorithm adopts an Eulerian framework, where the physical space is partitioned into bins and the swarm's density distribution over each bin is controlled. Each agent determines its bin transition probabilities using a time-inhomogeneous Markov chain. These time-varying Markov matrices are constructed by each agent in real-time using the feedback from the current swarm distribution, which is estimated in a distributed manner. The PSG-IMC algorithm minimizes the expected cost of the transitions per time instant, required to achieve and maintain the desired formation shape, even when agents are added to or removed from the swarm. The algorithm scales well with a large number of agents and complex formation shapes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed swarm guidance algorithm by using results of numerical simulations and hardware experiments with multiple quadrotors.
Cleft and Craniofacial Clinic Formats in the United States: National and Institutional Survey.

BACKGROUND Craniofacial teams employ multidisciplinary clinics to optimize patient care. Different clinic formats exist among teams. Formats include providers rotating from room to room as separate specialties, patients rotating from room to room to either separate specialties or as 1 group, as well as providers rotating together as 1 group. Surveys were used to study family preferences between the different formats and to compare them with trends of national practices. METHODS Families of the authors' team clinic patients were surveyed from November 2012 to February 2013, after a clinic format change from patients moving between rooms to see providers, to providers moving between rooms to see patients. This survey focused on patient satisfaction, clinic format preference, and their perception of efficiency. A second, national survey was distributed to 161 American craniofacial teams approved by the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association to survey clinic formats, provider satisfaction, and experience with other formats. Institutional survey data were tabulated as percentages and further analyzed using the Mann-Whitney Test. The national survey data was then tabulated and compared with authors' institutional results. RESULTS Thirty-nine of 54 (72.2%) families responded to the institutional survey. Providers moving between rooms were associated with greater patient satisfaction (mean 4.8 of 5, 5 being most satisfied) (0<0.0001), shorter perceived clinic time (76.9%), and an increased sense of comfort (84.6%). The difference in satisfaction rates was statistically significant (P <0.0001) between the primary clinic formats of providers rotating (mean of 4.8) and patients rotating (mean of 2.4).The national survey had 93 responses of 161 (57.7%). 54.9% of respondents have providers rotating between examination rooms, and 32.3% have patients moving between rooms. Other formats included the entire team moving as a group between rooms (10.8%) and specialties sitting together in 1 room while patients rotate (9.7%). Respondents were satisfied with current formats (mean 4.24 of 5, 5 being most satisfied). 22.2% had tried a different format previously. CONCLUSION The most common American cleft and craniofacial clinic format is providers moving between rooms; however, all formats have high provider satisfaction. At our institution, patients prefer when providers move between rooms. Our study suggests that clinic formats do not need to be standardized, and the clinic format utilized should be tailored to the individual needs of the institution.
“Information Prescription” Orders in the Electronic Medical Record at UVA: Bringing our Consumer Health Information Service to the Bedside and Planning for Outcomes Research

For hospital-based and hospital-embedded librarians, just as for all other librarians, aligning with our organization’s overarching goals, mission, vision, and values is vital (1). The questions we...
The African-American neonate at risk for extreme hyperbilirubinemia: a better management strategy is needed.

The African-American neonate at risk for extreme hyperbilirubinemia: a better management strategy is needed
Model for the momentum distribution of baryon resonances in nuclei

The admixture of the $\ensuremath{\Delta}(1232)$ in finite nuclei is calculated in first order perturbation theory. In the $\ensuremath{\Delta}N$ transition potential $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ exchange is included, while the completeness relation is used to sum over intermediate $\ensuremath{\Delta}N$ states. The results show that due to these effects the high momentum components in the $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ wave function induced by the tensor force are reduced drastically, while the contribution from the spin term is enhanced significantly.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE. Isobar momentum distribution; influence of $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $\ensuremath{\rho}$ exchange, $\mathrm{NN}$ correlations, nonstatic effects in the transition amplitude.
Locatable, Leasable, and Salable Minerals

In chapters 13 and 14 we saw how a series of laws and presidential directives restricted both the amount of land available for the location of mineral deposits and the variety of minerals locatable under the Mining Law of 1872. In this chapter we will consider the specific minerals that are available under the location, leasing, and sale programs of the federal government and also note the distinction between deposits of common varieties as opposed to those deposits that may have distinct and special values.
Surface Modification of Dental Implants

Abstract Dental implant surface advancement techniques have been developing rapidly to facilitate osseointegration and bone formation on the implant surface and to enhance the predictability of accelerated implant therapy. Surface modifications have been proven effective on capitalizing the features of titanium that make it the material of choice in dental implantology. Some of these features include wettability, surface area, and osteogenic potential. The following chapter is a brief review of commercial methods of surface modification processing and demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each, noting potential for improvement when applicable. Prospective studies in surface modification of implants attempt to address problems in conventional implant treatment, from promoting soft-tissue adherence and antimicrobial properties to induction of osteogenic processes. Overall, prospective trends indicate a shift in the focus to increase the success rate in compromised patients, such as those suffering from osteoporosis, as well as improving soft-tissue integration onto the implant surface to reduce the risk of development of periimplant disease. Surface roughness continues to be optimized, with prospects of configuration at a nanoscale.
Acute exposure to space flight results in evidence of reduced lymph Transport, tissue fluid Shifts, and immune alterations in the rat gastrointestinal system

Space flight causes a number of alterations in physiological systems, changes in the immunological status of subjects, and altered interactions of the host to environmental stimuli. We studied the effect of space flight on the lymphatic system of the gastrointestinal tract which is responsible for lipid transport and immune surveillance which includes the host interaction with the gut microbiome. We found that there were signs of tissue damage present in the space flown animals that was lacking in ground controls (epithelial damage, crypt morphological changes, etc.). Additionally, morphology of the lymphatic vessels in the tissue suggested a collapsed state at time of harvest and there was a profound change in the retention of lipid in the villi of the ileum. Contrary to our assumptions there was a reduction in tissue fluid volume likely associated with other fluid shifts described. The reduction of tissue fluid volume in the colon and ileum is a likely contributing factor to the state of the lymphatic vessels and lipid transport issues observed. There were also associated changes in the number of MHC-II+ immune cells in the colon tissue, which along with reduced lymphatic competence would favor immune dysfunction in the tissue. These findings help expand our understanding of the effects of space flight on various organ systems. It also points out potential issues that have not been closely examined and have to potential for the need of countermeasure development.
Reactive glia promote development of CD103+ CD69+ CD8+ T-cells through programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).

Introduction Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated in vivo persistence of CD103+ CD69+ brain resident memory CD8+ T-cells (bTRM ) following viral infection, and that the PD-1: PD-L1 pathway promotes development of these TRM cells within the brain. Although glial cells express low basal levels of PD-L1, its expression is upregulated upon IFN-γ-treatment, and they have been shown to modulate antiviral T-cell effector responses through the PD-1: PD-L1 pathway. Methods We performed flow cytometric analysis of cells from co-cultures of mixed glia and CD8+ T-cells obtained from wild type mice to investigate the role of glial cells in the development of bTRM . Results In this study, we show that interactions between reactive glia and anti-CD3 Ab-stimulated CD8+ T-cells promote development of CD103+ CD69+ CD8+ T-cells through engagement of the PD-1: PD-L1 pathway. These studies used co-cultures of primary murine glial cells obtained from WT animals along with CD8+ T-cells obtained from either WT or PD-1 KO mice. We found that αCD3 Ab-stimulated CD8+ T-cells from WT animals increased expression of CD103 and CD69 when co-cultured with primary murine glial cells. In contrast, significantly reduced expression of CD103 and CD69 was observed using CD8+ T-cells from PD-1 KO mice. We also observed that reactive glia promoted high levels of CD127, a marker of memory precursor effector cells (MPEC), on CD69+ CD8+ T-cells, which promotes development of TRM cells. Interestingly, results obtained using T-cells from PD-1 KO animals showed significantly reduced expression of CD127 on CD69+ CD8+ cells. Additionally, blocking of glial PD-L1 resulted in decreased expression of CD103, along with reduced CD127 on CD69+ CD8+ T-cells. Conclusions Taken together, these results demonstrate a role for activated glia in promoting development of bTRM through the PD-1: PD-L1 pathway.
Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Diffraction

An electron microscope is an optical device for producing high resolution of detail in the object by a beam of electrons.*(1,1a) There are three principal kinds of electron microscopes, classified according to how detail in the specimen is revealed by electrons: transmission, scanning, and emission. In the first two types, free electrons are discharged from an electron gun to act on the atomic nuclei of the specimen, whereas in the field-emission type, the specimen itself is the source of radiation.(1) The field-emission microscope (discussed in Chapter 16), employs no lenses, whereas the TEM and the SEM (see Chapter 15) employ focusable lenses.
Are Visual Hierarchies in the Brains of the Beholders? Constancy and Variability in the Visual System of Birds and Mammals

Contemporary concepts of the organization of the visual system began to emerge in the mid to late 19th century. It had long been appreciated that penetrating wounds of the occipital region of the brain resulted in blindness. Lesions of more lateral portions of the hemisphere often resulted in varying degrees of visual agnosias, though it was not until the middle third of the twentieth century that the contribution of such cortical areas to visual performance became an object of interest.
The Joint Polar Satellite System Overview

The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) consists of a suite of five instruments: advanced microwave and infrared sounders critical for short and medium range weather forecasting; an advanced visible and infrared imager needed for environmental assessments such as snow/ice cover, droughts, volcanic ash, forest fires and surface temperature; ozone sensor primarily used for global monitoring of ozone and input to weather and climate models; and an earth radiation budget sensor for monitoring the Earth's energy budget. JPSS is implemented through a partnership between NOAA and the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NOAA is responsible for overall funding; maintaining the high-level requirements; establishing international and interagency partnerships; developing the science and algorithms, and user engagement; NOAA also provides product data distribution and archiving of JPSS data. NASA's role is to serve as acquisition Center of Excellence, providing acquisition of instruments, spacecraft and the multi-mission ground system, and early mission implementation through turnover to NOAA for operations (Goldberg et al., 2013). The observatory Nadir deck incorporates: the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) instrument built by BATC, Boulder, Colorado; Advance Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) built by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems (NGES) in Azusa, California; Cross- Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), built by Harris in Ft. Wayne, Indiana; Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy Sensor (CERES) built by Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (NGAS) in El Segundo, California; and the Visible-Infrared Imaging Suite (VIIRS), built by Raytheon Aerospace Systems in El Segundo, California. The JPSS is now being demonstrated by the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP), which essentially has the same instrumentation as JPSS-l. JPSS-l which is now NOAA-20 was successfully launched on November 18,2017, followed by JPSS-2 in 2022, JPSS-3 in 2026, and JPSS-4 in 2032. SNPP was launched in 2011.
Re)defining sensitivity of chemical imaging

To successfully develop and manufacture a generic drug product, the latter is expected to be bioequivalent to its referencelisted drug, i.e. to show no significant difference in the rate and extent of absorption of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Optical spectroscopy methods based on vibrational spectroscopy imaging have recently attracted significant attention as potentially viable approaches to quantify drugs’ pharmacokinetics in vivo. However, substantial hurdles still exist due to signal interference from surrounding tissues, significant attenuation of signal in the depth of tissue to optical absorption and scattering, and a lack of quantifiable ways of assessing the signal generated from a drug compound in the depth of a tissue. In this report, we evaluated the major challenges of quantification and sensitive and reproducible analysis of drug distribution in tissues using Raman spectroscopy. Specific attention is given to the noise assessment, which affects both the sensitivity and reproducibility of data.
Public Perception of Facial Fillers

There has been widespread coverage of cosmetic procedures, particularly facial fillers, as minimally invasive options for facial rejuvenation. The authors' objective was to characterize news media's coverage of facial fillers and its role in shaping public perception of these products over the past decade. Public view plays a significant role in policymaking, assisting patient communication, and addressing preconceived notions. Google News was searched for online news coverage related to “facial fillers” from 2008 to 2017. News articles from various sources were reviewed and analyzed with multiple objectives including complications listed, advantages, disadvantages, physician specialties, overall theme of the articles as positive, negative, or neutral and other parametrics. A chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Of 426 articles meeting inclusion criteria, international news (20.4%), tabloids (18.8%), online health sites (18.3%), and national news (16.9%) were represented. Of articles containing adequate information, coverage was 44.7% positive, 29.9% neutral, and 26.1% negative with no significant change from 2008 to 2017. In addition, 46.0% of papers discussed complications including vascular injury and blindness associated with fillers, with significant increase by 2017 (p
Carpenter v. U.S. on Digital Privacy Under the Fourth Amendment

Is the location of a cell phone something that is private and protected from warrantless search by the Fourth Amendment, or are the electronic data that indicate a person’s location owned by the phone company, which can offer them to law enforcement if they choose? The multiple layers of constitutional questions about the nature of electronic data, personal privacy, and law enforcement are addressed in the Court’s decision in Carpenter, reflecting our changing conceptions of the nature and ownership of electronic data.
Caudle v. District of Columbia : The Golden Rule Has No Place in a Courtroom

On February 15, 2013, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in Caudle v. District of Columbia held that golden rule arguments made in the context of liability are prejudicial and can warrant the granting of a new trial. This Comment argues that the damages-liability distinction for golden rule arguments as applied by the Second, Fifth, Tenth and Eleventh Circuits is the appropriate approach, and that there should not be a per se exclusion of golden rule arguments on the issue of liability.
A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Web API Recommendation for Mashup Development

This paper presents an approach to web API recommendation for mashup development using reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, we present a RL approach, capable of adapting to the dynamic nature of web API quality properties to recommend web APIs for optimal mashup solution. The approach is also capable of recommending replacement web APIs to existing mashups in a dynamic environment, where the quality properties of the component web APIs continue to change. Since it is challenging to obtain quality of service parameters, our approach models mashup reward using external quality factors of web APIs, which drives the evaluation of its suitability for integration into a mashup application.
Chapter 5 Ceramics, glass, and electronic materials

This chapter discusses the potential applications of thermal analysis and calorimetry to the study of inorganic materials. The techniques have tremendous possibilities, and can also be misleading if the investigator does not focus on the specific property being monitored. In most cases, assumptions must be made in relating the apparent mass change, heat absorbed or evolved, and dimensional change to some event at the atomic/molecular level. Complementary studies using more direct techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, microscopy, and various forms of spectroscopy, are frequently necessary. Particular care is required when interpreting observed evolution or absorption of heat, because physical processes, as amorphous to crystalline transformations and sintering, may accompany chemical reactions.
Modification of a scale-up model to improve prediction of the effect of lubrication on tablet tensile strength

Abstract Kushner et al. proposed a scale-up model to describe the effect of lubrication on tablet tensile strength. In our study, a lubricant cohesiveness term, (1 + α/V), was added to the lubrication scale-up model reported by Kushner et al. to address the cohesiveness of magnesium stearate. The modified model proposed is as follows: TSSF=0.85 = TSSF=0.85,0[β(1 + α/V)exp(−ϒ × 1.5 V1/3 × Fheadspace × r) + (1 − β)], where TSSF=0.85 is tablet tensile strength at solid fraction 0.85, V is blender size, Fheadspace is fraction of headspace, r is revolution number, TSSF=0.85,0 is theoretical initial tensile strength, α is the sensitivity constant of magnesium stearate powder cohesiveness, β is the sensitivity constant of the blend to lubrication, and γ is the lubrication rate constant. Using a high shear placebo granule, lubrication scale-up models were built using both equations, with and without the cohesiveness term, and tested by a 16-fold scale-up. The equation with the cohesiveness term demonstrated superior prediction of tablet tensile strength for scale-up within the selected granular system and the scale-up range studied in this work, indicating the usefulness of including magnesium stearate powder cohesiveness in building a scale-up predictive lubrication model using an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) sparing approach with small quantity of materials.
Torsion of the uterine adnexa

Abstract Torsion of the uterine adnexa is an urgent surgical condition that usually occurs in women of reproductive age. In the present review of 135 women with surgically proved disease, sudden abdominal pain, a tender pelvic mass, and signs of moderate, pelvic, peritoneal irritation were the most specific helps to diagnosis. More than half of the patients recalled having had previous, similar attacks. Most patients with twisted uterine adnexa did not have malignancy. When possible, a conservative surgical approach should be used, and fertility should be preserved.
Quantification of Intraporous Hydrophilic Binding Sites in Lewis Acid Zeolites and Consequences for Sugar Isomerization Catalysis

Aqueous-phase sugar isomerization is catalyzed at lower turnover rates when Lewis acid active sites are confined within high-defect zeolite micropores, because intraporous silanol groups serve as h...
Planning the Episode: Home Care Admission Nurse Decision-Making Regarding the Patient Visit Pattern:

During home health care (HHC) admissions, nurses provide input into decisions regarding the skilled nursing visit frequency and episode duration. This important clinical decision can impact patient...
Application Fever: Reviewing the Causes, Costs, and Cures for Residency Application Inflation.

Over the past decade, the number of residency applications submitted per applicant has nearly doubled. This epidemic of "Application Fever" is expensive for applicants, burdensome for programs, and ultimately does not improve overall Match outcomes. In this review, we discuss the phenomenon of Application Fever, with a focus on contributing factors and costs of this behavior. Application Fever has its origins in the early 1990s. At that time, the number of residency applicants began to outpace the number of available positions. Because an applicant who applies to more residency programs has a greater probability of securing a residency position than an otherwise equivalent applicant who applies to fewer, "overapplication" became a dominant strategy and residency applicants began to apply to more residency programs each year. This trend was enhanced and enabled by the introduction of the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS). Although Application Fever is a rational decision for applicants, it imposes a substantial evaluative burden on program directors and necessitates the use of convenience screening metrics. We then briefly review potential solutions, including informational strategies, application limits, and marketplace incentives to reduce application numbers. Although a fixed cap on applications would reduce application numbers and facilitate a holistic selection process, greater transparency from residency programs regarding their selection criteria would be required to help applicants choose where to apply. To improve the residency application process for programs and applicants alike, we call upon the medical community to further study Application Fever and carefully consider solutions, including fixed application caps.
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis as a Rare Manifestation of Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV), also known as small-vessel cutaneous vasculitis, is rarely seen in the setting of staphylococcal infection without bacteremia. Here, we present a case of LCV in a 61-year-old male with chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis without any evidence of bacteremia. The rash resolved with the treatment of osteomyelitis. As seen in this case, local infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of LCV even when there is no evidence of bacteremia.
The Basic Analysis of Subjunctive Conditionals

Having laid the groundwork, we can now attempt to construct an analysis of subjunctive conditionals. The basic tool for this analysis is provided by Theorem 3.11 of Chapter I. According to that theorem, a subjunctive conditional ⌜(P > Q)⌝is true iff Q is true in every possible world that might be actual if Pwere true. That is, assuming the Generalized Consequence Principle, we have: 1.1 ⌜(P>Q)⌝is true in the actual world iff for every possible world a, if αMP⌝ then Q is true in α; ⌜QMP⌝ is true iff for some α such that αMP, Q is true in α This is not yet a philosophically satisfactory definition of the simple subjunctive, because the relation M was defined in terms of ‘>‘, but if we can provide an alternative analysis of M, principle 1.1 will constitute an analysis of ‘>‘. That will be our strategy here. Let us say that a is a P-worldwhen αMP.1Thus our task is to analyze the notion of a P-world.
Man, I'm Already Dead: Serious Juvenile Offenders in Context

OF THE UNITED STATES 13 (1989) [hereinafter Statistical Abstract]. This is only temporary, however. The number of persons in peak offending years will start rising again after 1995. 19. Marcotte, supra note 14, at 63-64. 20. See Marcotte, supra note 14, at 64.
Modeling Autonomous Supramolecular Assembly

Supramolecular assembly is often a remarkably robust, rapid and spontaneous process, starting from a small number of monomeric types. Although the process occurs widely in nature and is increasingly important in healthcare and engineering, it is poorly understood. Icosahedral viral shell assembly is one such outstanding example. We sketch the experimental roadblocks that necessitate mathematical and computational modeling of assembly, and list the types of experimental data available for model validation, thereby defining the models’ input and output, and framing the scope of model predictions. We isolate the various factors, specifically configurational and combinatorial entropy that influence spontaneous supramolecular assembly, pinpointing the modeling challenges and motivating the use of multiscale models. We then survey existing modeling paradigms for the modeling different scales, emphasizing the newest models and paradigms developed by the author’s group, geared towards not only predicting, but also intuitively explaining, analyzing and engineering assembly processes. The models leverage geometric and algebraic characteristics unique to molecular assembly (as opposed to folding), and permit provable performance guarantees together with some level of forward and backward analysis as well as a desired level of precision and refinability of prediction.
Temporal variation (seasonal and interannual) of vegetation indices of maize and soybeans across multiple years in central Iowa

Remotely sensed reflectance parameters from corn and soybean surfaces can be correlated to crop production. Surface reflectance of a typical Upper Midwest corn /soybean region in central Iowa across multiple years reveal subtle dynamics in vegetative surface response to a contin ually varying climate. From 2006 through 2014 remotely sensed data have been acquired over production fields of corn and soybeans in central IA, U.S.A. with the fields alternating between corn and soybeans. The data have been acquired using ground-based radiometers with 16 wavebands covering the visible, near-infrared, shortwave infrared wavebands and combined into a se ries of vegetative indices. These data were collected on clear days with the goal of collecting data at a minimum of once per week from prior to planting until after fall tillage operations. Within each field, five sites were established and sampled during the year to reduce spatial variation and allow for an assessment of changes in the vegetative indices throughout the growing season. Ancillary data collected for each crop included the phenological stage at each sampling date along with biomass sampled at the onset of the reproductive stage and at physiological maturity. Evaluation of the vegetativ e indices for the different years revealed that patterns were related to weather effects on corn and soybean growth. Remote sensing provides a method to evaluate changes within and among growing seasons to assess crop growth and developm ent as affected by differences in weather variability. 1. INTRODUCTION
Disclaimer Law and UDPIA's Unintended Consequences

The Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act of 2000 (UDPIA) offers a Uniform law to define the rights of a beneficiary to reject (or disclaim) an inheritance. In prior articles, I have criticized various provisions of UDPIA on policy grounds. The present article identifies a number of instances where the Act fails to operate as it was intended to do. The legislative history of UDPIA reveals that as concerns (1) the formal requirements for executing a disclaimer, (2) the time limit for disclaiming, (3) the treatment of disclaimers of joint interests, (4) the right of an insolvent beneficiary to disclaim, and (5) the right of a beneficiary to disclaim following a judicial sale of inherited property, the drafters of the Act contemplated that it would operate differently from the way it actually does. The legislative history further suggests that the drafters' failure accurately to interpret the consequences of their own work product stemmed from time pressure, coupled with the complexity of the enterprise. But the upshot is that the plenary body of NCCUSL, voting to promulgate the Act, and local drafting committees, voting to adopt it, have relied on presentations and comments prepared by the drafting committee that misstate UDPIA's operation and thereby misled the Act's various electorates.
Measuring the Impact of Pretrial Diversion from the Criminal Justice System

In 1967 the Vera Institute of Justice established the Manhattan Court Employment Project to divert criminal defendants, after their arraignment on felony or misdemeanor charges, into a program of group therapy and employment counseling. If a defendant succeeds in the program and obtains a job, his pending criminal charges are dismissed. The goals of this innovative program are eloquently stated in the Vera Institute's ten-year report:
On the inappropriate use of the naturalistic fallacy in evolutionary psychology

The naturalistic fallacy is mentioned frequently by evolutionary psychologists as an erroneous way of thinking about the ethical implications of evolved behaviors. However, evolutionary psychologists are themselves confused about the naturalistic fallacy and use it inappropriately to forestall legitimate ethical discussion. We briefly review what the natural- istic fallacy is and why it is misused by evolutionary psychologists. Then we attempt to show how the ethical implications of evolved behaviors can be discussed constructively without impeding evolutionary psychological research. A key is to show how ethical behaviors, in addition to unethical behaviors, can evolve by natural selection.
Children Designing & Engineering: Contextual Learning Units in Primary Design and Technology.

The Children Designing & Engineering (CD&E) Project at the College of New Jersey is a collaborative effort of the College's Center for Design and Technology and the New Jersey Chamber of Commerce. The Project, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), has been charged to develop instructional materials for grades K-5. The twelve thematic units under development integrate science, mathematics, technology and other content through design-andDigital Library & Archives ETDs ImageBase Ejournals News EReserve Special Collections
Comments on Estimation and Prediction for Autoregressive and Moving Average Nongaussian Sequences

Autoregressive and moving average models have been studied for a long period of time, particularly in the Gaussian case, with respect to the problems of prediction and that of estimation of the coefficients of the models. It is only in recent years that especial attention has been paid to the case of nonGaussian models where it has been realized that the corresponding problems may have a more complicated but richer structure. A discrete time autoregressive moving average model is a solution x t of the system of equations $$ \sum\limits_{j=0}^p{{a_j}{x_{t-j}}}=\sum\limits_{k=0}^q {{b_k}{\xi_{t-k}}}$$ (1.1) where the sequence ξ t is a sequence of independent, identically distributed random variables with Eξ t ≡ 0, Eξ t 2 = σ 2 > 0(σ 2 < ∞). The coefficients a j , b k are real and it is conventional to set a 0 = b 0 = 1. There is a stationary solution to the system if and only if the polynomial $$ a\left(z\right)=\sum\limits_{j=0}^p{{a_j}{z^j}} $$ has no zeros of absolute value one and this solution is uniquely determined. The estimation problem is that of estimating the coefficients a j , b k given the sequence of observations x 1,…, x n . The stationary solution x t is causal, if the polynomial a(z) has all its zeros of absolute value greater than one, in the sense that there is a one-sided representation of x t in terms of the present and past of ξ the sequence $$ {x_t}=\sum\limits_{j=0}^\infty{{\alpha_j}{\xi_{t-j}}} $$ with the coefficients α j decreasing to zero exponentially fast as j → ∞.
A Preliminary Investigation of Human Frontal Cortex Under Noxious Thermal Stimulation Over the Temporomandibular Joint Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to explore hemodynamic responses in the human frontal cortex to noxious thermal stimulation over the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ). fNIRS experiments were performed on nine healthy volunteers under both low-pain stimulation (LPS) and high-pain stimulation (HPS), using a temperature-controlled thermal stimulator. By analyzing the temporal profiles of changes in oxy-hemoglobin concentration (HbO) using cluster-based statistical tests, several regions of interest in the prefrontal cortex, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior prefrontal cortex, were identified, where significant differences (p < .05) between HbO responses to LPS and HPS were shown. In order to classify these two levels of pain, a neural network-based classification algorithm was utilized. With leave-one-out cross-validation, the two levels of pain were identified with 99% mean accuracy to high pain. Furthermore, the “internal mentation hypothesis” and the default-mode network were introduced to explain our observations of the contrasting trend, as well as the rise and fall of HbO responses to HPS and LPS.
Type of Substance Use Predicts Hemorrhage versus Ischemia (P5.137)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between specific substances of abuse and intracerebral hemorrhage (versus ischemia) in hypertensive patients. BACKGROUND: Hypertension damages small blood vessels, resulting in both lacunar infarction and subcortical intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Substance abuse has also been linked to small vessel pathology. This study explores whether the use of specific substances (eg., cocaine and smoking) is associated with ICH over ischemia in hypertensive individuals. DESIGN/METHODS: Patients with hypertension admitted with subcortical lacunar infarcts (measuring 1 drink per day (women), >2 drinks per day (men). Logistic regression was performed with ICH as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Of the 580 patients included in analysis, 217 (37%) presented with ICH. The average age was similar between the two groups (64.7 versus 66.3 years). Illicit drug use was associated with a significantly increased risk of ICH over stroke in unadjusted models (25% versus 15%, p=0.02), with the largest effect seen in users 蠅65 years old. Smoking was associated with ischemia over ICH in a dose-dependent manner: any history of smoking OR 1.84, CI 1.19-2.84; current use OR 2.23, CI 1.37-3.62; heavy use OR 2.48, CI 1.50-4.13. Alcohol use was not preferentially associated with either outcome (p=0.29). CONCLUSIONS: In hypertensive patients, tobacco use is highly associated with an increased risk of ischemia compared to ICH, while use of illicit substances, especially in the elderly, appears to be predictive of hemorrhage. Disclosure: Dr. Kaplan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gottesman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Llinas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marsh has nothing to disclose.
An Estimation Procedure for the Contaminated Normal Distributions Arising in Clinical Chemistry

Abstract Mixtures of normal distributions have been used in modeling a wide variety of experimental data in fields as different as fisheries biology and medicine. A problem in the field of nutrition concerning estimation of the population proportion of anemic individuals from a sample of hemoglobin values has led to consideration of a class of mixtures of two components, where only the predominant component is assumed to be normal. The second component is assumed to contaminate only one side of the normal component (the side of contamination being known) but is of otherwise unspecified form. An estimation procedure is outlined for this problem. Monte Carlo methods are used to compare this procedure with the maximum likelihood (ML) method for mixtures of two normal components when the true model is (a) a Beta-normal mixture and (b) a normal-normal mixture. The new procedure compared favorably with the much-discussed ML method in certain situations not previously studied. Application of the two methods to r...
Design of efficient hybrid neural networks for flexible flow shop scheduling

: Although neural networks have been successfully used in performing pattern recognition, their application for solving optimization problems has been limited. In this paper we design a neural network to solve a well-known combinatorial problem, namely the flexible flow shop problem. A key feature of our neural network design is the integration of problem structure and heuristic information in the network structure and solution. We compare the performance of our neural network with well-known current heuristics with respect to solution quality. The results indicate that our approach outperforms the heuristics.
Enzymatic detection of protein translocation.

Fundamental to eukaryotic cell signaling is the regulation of protein function by directed localization. Detection of these events has been largely qualitative owing to the limitations of existing technologies. Here we describe a method for quantitatively assessing protein translocation using proximity-induced enzyme complementation. The complementation assay for protein translocation (CAPT) is derived from β-galactosidase and comprises one enzyme fragment, ω, which is localized to a particular subcellular region, and a small complementing peptide, α, which is fused to the protein of interest. The concentration of α in the immediate vicinity of ω correlates with the amount of enzyme activity obtained in a dose- and time-dependent manner, thus acting as a genetically encoded biosensor for local protein concentration. Using CAPT, inducible protein movement from the cytosol to the nucleus or plasma membrane was quantitatively monitored in multiwell format and in live mammalian cells by flow cytometry.
Atrial fibrillation before or after incident MI was associated with increased risk for mortality

Source Citation Jabre P, Jouven X, Adnet F, et al. Atrial fibrillation and death after myocardial infarction: a community study. Circulation. 2011;123:2094-100. 21536994
Synthesis and new structure shaping mechanism of silica particles formed at high pH

Abstract For the sol–gel synthesis of silica particles under high pH catalytic conditions (pH>12) in water/ethanol solvent, we have deduced that the competing dynamics of chemical etching and sol–gel process can explain the types of silica particles formed and their morphologies. We have demonstrated that emulsion droplets that are generated by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to a water–ethanol solution serve as soft templates for hollow spherical silica (1–2 μm). And if the emulsion is converted by the sol–gel process, one finds that suspended solid silica spheres of diameter of ∼900 nm are formed. Moreover, several other factors are found to play fundamental roles in determining the final morphologies of silica particles, such as by variation of the pH (in our case, using OH – ) to a level where condensation dominates; by changing the volume ratios of water/ethanol; and using an emulsifier (specifically, CTAB)
FT-IR Photothermal Beam Deflection Spectroscopy (PBDS) Studies of Polymer-Modified Graphite Electrodes:

The application of photothermal methods in the detection of absorption spectra is a rapidly developing filed of research. One of these methods is photothermal beam deflection spectroscopy (PBDS), which is based on the "mirage effect," as first described by Boccara et al. In transverse PBDS, an intensity- or polarization-modulated pump beam illuminates the sample surface at approximately normal incidence. The modulation of the sample's surface temperature by the photothermal effect causes modulation of the refractive index of the surrounding medium. This modulated thermal gradient in the surrounding medium medium causes the deflection of a probe laser beam which passes close and parallel to the surface. The periodic deflection of the probe beam is monitored by a silicon diode position detector. Measurement of the probe beam's deflection as a function of wavelength can produce a spectrum of the sample surface or, in general, of any species occurring at or near the interface of the sample and deflecting medium. This ability to probe the solid/liquid interface suggests that PBDS should be an excellent tool for in situ spectroelectrochemistry.
Bam32 Links the B Cell Receptor to ERK and JNK and Mediates B Cell Proliferation but Not Survival

Abstract Bam32 is an adaptor protein recruited to the plasma membrane upon B cell receptor (BCR) crosslinking in a phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner; however, its physiologic function is unclear. To determine its physiologic function, we produced Bam32-deficient mice. Bam32 −/− B cells develop normally but have impaired T-independent antibody responses in vivo and diminished responses to BCR crosslinking in vitro. Biochemical analysis revealed that Bam32 acts in a novel pathway leading from the BCR to MAPK/ERK Kinases (MEK1/2), MAPK/ERK Kinase Kinase-1 (MEKK1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c- jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38). This pathway appears to be initiated by hematopoietic progenitor kinase-1 (HPK1), which interacts directly with Bam32, and differs from all previously characterized BCR signaling pathways in that it is required for normal BCR-mediated proliferation but not for B cell survival.
Improving Our Ability to Evaluate Underlying Mechanisms of Behavioral Onset and Other Event Occurrence Outcomes A Discrete-Time Survival Mediation Model

The purpose of this article is to introduce and describe a statistical model that researchers can use to evaluate underlying mechanisms of behavioral onset and other event occurrence outcomes. Specifically, the article develops a framework for estimating mediation effects with outcomes measured in discrete-time epochs by integrating the statistical mediation model with discrete-time survival analysis. The methodology has the potential to help strengthen health research by targeting prevention and intervention work more effectively as well as by improving our understanding of discretized periods of risk. The model is applied to an existing longitudinal data set to demonstrate its use, and programming code is provided to facilitate its implementation.
Risk factors for rebleeding and mortality from acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Risk factors for rebleeding and mortality from acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Differences in stylet sheath occurrence and the fibrous ring (sclerenchyma) between xCitroncirus plants relatively resistant or susceptible to adults of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae).

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri, Hemiptera: Liviidae), is the principal vector of the phloem-limited bacteria strongly associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the world’s most serious disease of citrus. Host plant resistance may provide an environmentally safe and sustainable method of controlling ACP and/or HLB. Two xCitroncirus accessions (hybrids of Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus spp.), that are relatively resistant (UN-3881) or relatively susceptible (Troyer-1459) to ACP adults with regard to adult longevity, were compared in relation to ACP feeding behavior and some structural features of the leaf midrib. The settling (putative feeding/probing) sites of ACP adults on various parts of the leaf were not influenced primarily by plant accession. However, fewer ACP stylet sheaths were found in the midrib and fewer stylet sheath termini reached the vascular bundle (phloem and/or xylem) in UN-3881 compared to Troyer-1459 plants. Furthermore, in midribs of UN-3881 leaves the fibrous ring (sclerenchyma) around the phloem was significantly wider (thicker) compared to that in midribs of Troyer-1459 leaves. Our data indicate that feeding and/or probing by ACP adults into the vascular bundle is less frequent in the more resistant (UN-3881) than in the more susceptible (Troyer-1459) accessions. Our results also suggest that the thickness of the fibrous ring may be a barrier to stylet penetration into the vascular bundle, which is important for successful ACP feeding on the phloem and for transmitting HLB-associated bacteria. These results may help in the development of citrus plants resistant to ACP, which in turn could halt or slow the spread of the HLB-associated bacteria by this vector.