cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of the harlequin beetle-riding pseudoscorpion and the rise of the Isthmus of Panamá.

Molecular and geological evidence indicates that the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama influenced the historical biogeography of the Neotropics in a complex, staggered manner dating back at least 9 Myr bp. To assess the influence of Isthmus formation on the biogeography of the harlequin beetle-riding pseudoscorpion, Cordylochernes scorpioides, we analysed mitochondrial COI sequence data from 71 individuals from 13 locations in Panama and northern South America. Parsimony and likelihood-based phylogenies identified deep divergence between South American and Panamanian clades. In contrast to low haplotype diversity in South America, the Panamanian Cordylochernes clade is comprised of three highly divergent lineages: one clade consisting predominantly of individuals from central Panama (PAN A), and two sister clades (PAN B1 and PAN B2) of western Panamanian pseudoscorpions. Breeding experiments demonstrated a strictly maternal mode of inheritance, indicating that our analyses were not confounded by nuclear-mitochondrial pseudogenes. Haplotype diversity is striking in western Atlantic Panama, where all three Panamanian clades can occur in a single host tree. This sympatry points to the existence of a cryptic species hybrid zone in western Panama, a conclusion supported by interclade crosses and coalescence-based migration rates. Molecular clock estimates yield a divergence time of ≈ 3 Myr between the central and western Panamanian clades. Taken together, these results are consistent with a recent model in which a transitory proto-Isthmus enabled an early wave of colonization out of South America at the close of the Miocene, followed by sea level rise, inundation of the terrestrial corridor and then a second wave of colonization that occurred when the Isthmus was completed ≈ 3 Myr bp.
Congenital aortic Regurgitation: Natural history and management

AbstractObjectives and Background. Congenital aortic regurgitation is rare as an isolated lesion. We describe seven children with no physical features of the Marfan syndrome in the patients or thei...
Targeted drug delivery crossing cytoplasmic membranes of intended cells via ligand-grafted sterically stabilized liposomes.

Abstract In this study, we tested whether sterically stabilized liposomes (SSL) with surface ligands specific for the mu opioid receptor (MOR) can actively target MOR-expressing cells. Dermorphin, a selective MOR agonist, was conjugated to DSPE-PEG3400 to obtain DSPE-PEG3400-dermorphin. Dermorphin-grafted SSL (dermorphin-SSL) was prepared by thin-film rehydration–extrusion and post-insertion method. DSPE-PEG3400-dermorphin and dermorphin-SSL retained the affinity to MOR as determined by receptor binding assay using [3H]DAMGO, whereas plain SSL without surface ligands showed no binding to the receptor. Cellular uptake of cholesteryl BODIPY encapsulated dermorphin-SSL was studied by microplate spectrofluorometry as well as fluorescent and confocal microscopy. Significant fluorescence signal was observed inside CHO-hMOR cells after the treatment with dermorphin-SSL, indicative of MOR-mediated endocytosis. In contrast, no uptake of dermorphin-SSL was found in naive CHO cells or CHO-hDOR cells that lack MOR. Taken together, these results demonstrate that dermorphin-SSL delivery system is capable of targeting intracellular components of MOR-expressing cells. Such a system may be applied to carry pharmaceutical agents to achieve region-specific delivery of analgesics and/or to attenuate side effects associated with opioids.
The expansive realm of skull base neuroendoscopy.

Collaboration between otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons has been a cradle of innovation in the field of skull base neurosurgery. The introduction of endoscopy, first as an adjunct to microneurosurgery and later as a gold standard procedure for certain pathologies, resulted from such an alliance. German physician Philipp Bozzini (4) is credited for the invention of the Lichtleiterin, a light conduit used in the 18th century to inspect the ear, nasopharynx, and wounds. But it was Victor Darwin Lespinasse (7) who first used it intraventricularly—in an operation to treat hydrocephalus, he used a modified cystoscope to coagulate the choroid plexus. Guiot (8) was the first neurosurgeon to use the endoscope in the endonasal transsphenoidal approach to pituitary tumor. Since then, the endoscope has become a regular feature of neurosurgery. Noted pioneers Fukushima (5), Apuzzo (1), and Bushe (3) used the endoscope to aid in microsurgical resection of tumors. The endoscopes they used were still in the developmental phases and mainly served as an adjunct to microscopes. In the following years, otolaryngologists increasingly used endoscopes for parasellar approaches. Based on these efforts, the concept of a pure endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to sella emerged, most commonly for pituitary adenoma. Neurosurgeon Jho and otolaryngologist Carrau published their experience of 45 cases of pituitary adenoma (10). Concurrently in Europe, Paolo Cappabianca and Enrico de Divitiis from Naples and Giorgio Frank and Eresto Pasquini from Bologna spearheaded the expansion of the transnasal endoscopic approach. The developments in neuronavigation, the angled lens system, and neuroimaging led to the expansion of skull base endoscopy. The concept of expanded endoscopic skull base surgery became a reality, and such previously unreachable areas as the region from the crista galli to the craniovertebral
Mobility: Examining the Impact of the Environment on Transfer Performance

Objective. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare transfer performance of individuals with a central nervous system (CNS) disorder within two varying environments. The two environmental conditions were a traditional clinic setting, and a more naturalistic simulated apartment.Method. This study included 25 participants undergoing inpatient rehabilitation for a CNS disorder. Each participant (N = 25) performed four transfer tasks (100 transfers in total); two bedside commode transfers (one in each environment) and two bed-to-chair transfers (one in each environment). The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was used to measure the level of independence in transfers.Results. Forty-four percent (44%) of the participants performed better in the clinic setting. Twenty percent (20%) performed better in the simulated apartment. Analysis of FIM data revealed that 36% of the participants transferred consistently in both environments. However, overall 64% of the participants were inconsistent in the s...
Two-component signal transduction in human fungal pathogens

Signal transduction pathways provide mechanisms for adaptation to stress conditions. One of the most studied of these pathways is the HOG1 MAP kinase pathway that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to adapt cells to osmostress. The HOG1 MAPK has also been studied in Candida albicans, and more recently observations on the Hog1p functions have been described in two other human pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans. The important, but not surprising, concept is that this pathway is used for different yet similar functions in each of these fungi, given their need to adapt to different environmental signals. Current studies of C. albicans focus upon the identification of two-component signal proteins that, in both C. albicans and S. cerevisiae, regulate the HOG1 MAPK. In C. albicans, these proteins regulate cell wall biosynthesis (and, therefore, adherence to host cells), osmotic and oxidant adaptation, white-opaque switching, morphogenesis, and virulence of the organism.
Convergence analysis for inexact mechanization of Kalman filtering

A computational aspect of real-time estimation is considered, in which the estimation algorithm to be used has the standard optimal Kalman filtering structure, but the actual inverse matrix within the Kalman gain is replaced by an expedient approximation at each instant. In real-time applications, most Kalman filtering schemes are approximate to a degree as a consequence of numerical roundoff matrix inversion. The convergence properties and error estimates of such schemes are obtained to provide a theoretical basis for gauging the utility of using the above approximations of the Kalman gain matrix at each time instant. A new exponentially convergent scheme is also suggested for approximating the inverse matrix within the Kalman gain. Conditions are determined under which online approximate matrix inversion can be eliminated as the cause of Kalman filter divergence in real-time implementations. >
Spatial Correlation Metamodels for Global Approximation in Structural Design Optimization

Despite the steady and continuing growth of computing power and speed, the complexity and computational expense of engineering analysis codes maintains pace. Statistical techniques are becoming widely used in engineering design to construct approximations or metamodels of these analysis codes which are then used in lieu of the actual codes, facilitating optimization and concept exploration. Our purpose in this paper is to report results of ongoing research aimed at increasing the efficiency of computer-based engineering design through the use of spatial correlation metamodels to build global approximations of computationally expensive computer analyses. Three structural design examples are presented to test the predictive capability of these metamodels for use in design optimization. The reported results confirm that these spatial correlation metamodels can produce sufficient accuracy for optimization when used as global approximations.
Mechanisms driving understory evergreen herb distributions across slope aspects: as derived from landscape position.

In the Northern Hemisphere, the surface of south-facing slopes orients toward the sun and thus receives a greater duration and intensity of solar irradiation, resulting in a relatively warmer, drier microclimate and seasonal environmental extremes. This creates potentially detrimental conditions for evergreen plants which must endure the full gamut of conditions. I hypothesize that (1) increased southerly aspect will correlate negatively with evergreen understory plant distributions; (2) derived environmental variables (summer and winter light and heat load) will predict variance in evergreen distributions as well as topographic position (aspect, slope, and elevation) and (3) winter light will best predict evergreen understory plant distributions. In order to test these hypotheses, survey data were collected characterizing 10 evergreen understory herb distributions (presence, abundance, and reproduction) as well as the corresponding topographical information across north- and south-facing slopes in the North Carolina mountains and Georgia piedmont. The best predictive models were selected using AIC, and Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear models were used to estimate the strength of the retained coefficients. As predicted, evergreen understory herbs occurred and reproduced less on south-facing than north-facing slopes, though slope and elevation also had robust predictive power, and both discriminated well between evergreen species. While the landscape variables explained where the plants occurred, winter light and heat load provided the best explanation why they were there. Evergreen plants likely are limited on south-facing slopes by low soil moisture combined with high temperatures in summer and high irradiance combined with lower temperatures in winter. The robust negative response of the understory evergreen herbs to increased winter light also suggested that the winter rather than the summer (or growing season) environment provided the best predictive power for understory evergreen distributions, which has substantive implications for predicting responses to global climate change.
Who has time to sleep

Background Both marriage and education appear to confer a protective effect on health. Few studies have examined the extent to which both undersleeping and oversleeping explain these relationships. I examined whether marital status, educational background, and other sociodemographic variables are associated with higher-risk sleep durations. Methods Over 7000 individuals aged 25–64 collected timeuse diary data during a 24-h period. For both weekdays and weekend days, separate multinomial logistic regression models were estimated using three categories of sleep duration as the outcome category. Results Unmarried individuals are significantly more likely to sleep a short amount on both weekdays and weekends compared to married people. Single people also are significantly more likely to sleep a long amount. People with less than a college education are significantly more likely to sleep both a short amount and a long amount on weekdays relative to the college educated. Conclusions High-risk sleep durations (short sleeping and long sleeping) are positively associated with sociodemographic categories associated with poorer health. More research should investigate whether social inequalities in health can be explained in part by variation in sleep duration.
Role of Tryptophan Metabolites in Urinary Bladder Cancer

Abstract Evidence from clinical and experimental studies suggests that certain urinary tryptophan metabolites may play a role in human bladder carcinogenesis. Five metabolites of this essential amino acid—kynurenic acid, acetyl-L-kynurenine, L-kynurenine, 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid—were reported as occurring in elevated quantities in the urine of some patients with urinary bladder cancer. When the pellet implantation technique was employed, an augmented incidence of bladder carcinomas was observed in mice exposed to 3-hydroxy-L-kynu-renine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, xanthurenic acid, the 8-methyl ether of xanthurenic acid, and 8-hydroxyquinaldic acid. These compounds interact with the bladder, pass across it easily, and seem to require the presence of at least one other factor for the complete expression of bladder carcinogenicity.
Host evasion by Burkholderia cenocepacia

Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic respiratory pathogen of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). It is one of the highly transmissible species of Burkholderia cepacia complex and very resistant to almost all the antibiotics. Approximately 1/3rd of B. cenocepacia infected CF patients go on to develop fatal ‘cepacia syndrome’. During the last two decades, substantial progress has been made with regards to evasion of host innate defense mechanisms by B. cenocepacia. Almost all strains of B. cenocepacia has capacity to survive and replicate intracellularly in both airway epithelial cells and macrophages, which are primary centennials of the lung and play a pivotal role in clearance of infecting bacteria. Some strains of B. cenocepaica, which express cable pili and the associated 22kDa adhesin are also capable of transmigrating across airway epithelium and persist in mouse models of infection. In this review, we will discuss how this type of interaction between B. cenocepacia and host may lead to persistence of bacteria and contribute to lung inflammation in CF patients.
Geomorphometric Patterns of Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus striatus) Spawning Aggregation Sites in the Cayman Islands

Reef fish spawning aggregation sites are essential life habitats vulnerable to exploitation by fishermen, yet no quantitative comparisons of sites exist to understand their geomorphologic patterns. The objective of this study was to evaluate the geospatial aspects of known Nassau grouper spawning aggregation sites in the Cayman Islands. The results illustrate that the five known Nassau grouper spawning aggregation sites are located at convex-shaped reefs within 1 km of reef promontory tips. Further, all sites are found in 25–45 m depth, less than 50 m from shelf edges. Finally, they have been documented as multi-species spawning aggregation sites.
A PLL design based on a standing wave resonant oscillator

In this paper, we present a new continuously variable high frequency standing wave oscillator, and demonstrate its use in generating the phase locked clock signal of a digital IC. The ring based standing wave resonant oscillator is implemented with a plurality of wires connected in a mobius configuration, with a cross coupled inverter pair connected across the wires. The oscillation frequency can be modulated by two means. Coarse modification is achieved by altering the number of wires in the ring that participate in the oscillation, by driving a digital word to a set of passgates which are connected to each wire in the ring. Fine tuning of the oscillation frequency is achieved by varying the body bias voltage of both the PMOS transistors in the cross coupled inverter pair which sustains the oscillations in the resonant ring. We have validated our PLL design in a 90nm process technology. 3D parasitic RLCs for our oscillator simulations were extracted, with skin effect accounted for. Our PLL has been implemented to provide a frequency locking range from ∼6 GHz to ∼9 GHz, with a center frequency of 7.5 GHz. The oscillator alone consumes about 25 mW of power, and the complete PLL consumes a power of 28.5 mW. The observed jitter of the PLL is 2.56%.
A Cathode-Ray Time Axis for High Frequency

A periodically recurrent high-frequency time axis generator with return trace removal is described. The theoretical nonlinearity is less than one per cent. The apparatus is capable of tracing out one cycle of a thirty-megacycle wave. The wave form of a conventional high-frequency oscillator is altered by means of a high vacuum rectifier circuit to obtain the required sweep voltage wave. Return trace removal is accomplished by biasing the control grid of the cathode-ray tube to cutoff over the return trace portion of the sweep cycle.
Low-Wealth Minority Enterprises and Access to Financial Resources for Start-Up Activities Do Connections Matter?

The role new start-ups may play in the economic recovery has been thrust into the political limelight, with a number of policy makers and advocates calling for network interventions to stimulate an...
Service to God, Service to Master/Client: African Indian Military Contribution in Karnataka

This essay examines how African Indians (Abyssinians, Habshis, Siddis) from medieval times to the present have played significant political and military roles to forge sovereignties in the land area currently covered by the State of Karnataka, South India. I provide a brief history of the military activities of African Indians in the Indian subcontinent to foreground how the Africans deployed the unstable political climate in the Deccan, ethnicization of military culture, religious filiation, and force of personality to assert influence over communities that settled in areas bounded by present-day Karnataka.
Multisensor covariance control strategies for reducing bias effects in interacting target scenarios

Algorithms are presented for managing sensor information to reduce the effects of bias when tracking interacting targets. When targets are close enough together that their measurement validation gates overlap, the measurement from one target can be confused with another. Data association algorithms such as the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm can effectively continue to track targets under these conditions, but the target estimates may become biased. A modification of the covariance control approach for sensor management can reduce this effect. Sensors are chosen based on their ability to reduce the extent of measurement gate overlap as judged by a set of heuristic parameters derived in this work. Monte Carlo simulation results show that these are effective methods of reducing target estimate bias in the JPDA algorithm when targets are close together. An analysis of the computational demands of these algorithms shows that while they are computationally demanding, they are not prohibitively so.
Married Women's Labor Force Participation as Divorce Insurance

If married women view participation in the labor force as providing insurance against the negative economic consequences of divorce, then married women with higher expectations of divorce will be more likely to be employed. The Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 1968-1983, is used to estimate the effect of the expectation of divorce on the labor force participation decision of married women. The longitudinal nature of the data is used to estimate the probability of divorce for each married woman in the sample. Labor force participation is then modelled as dependent on the individual's expectation of future divorce. The empirical results confirm that expectation of divorce increases labor force participation of married women.
Memory Transmission in Small Groups and Large Networks An Agent-Based Model

The spread of social influence in large social networks has long been an interest of social scientists. In the domain of memory, collaborative memory experiments have illuminated cognitive mechanisms that allow information to be transmitted between interacting individuals, but these experiments have focused on small-scale social contexts. In the current study, we took a computational approach, circumventing the practical constraints of laboratory paradigms and providing novel results at scales unreachable by laboratory methodologies. Our model embodied theoretical knowledge derived from small-group experiments and replicated foundational results regarding collaborative inhibition and memory convergence in small groups. Ultimately, we investigated large-scale, realistic social networks and found that agents are influenced by the agents with which they interact, but we also found that agents are influenced by nonneighbors (i.e., the neighbors of their neighbors). The similarity between these results and the reports of behavioral transmission in large networks offers a major theoretical insight by linking behavioral transmission to the spread of information.
The Role of Shared Vision and Ethics in Building an Effective Learning Organization

With the demise of companies such as Enron and WorldCom it is no surprise that a call for ethical leadership is in high demand. This paper elaborates on the need for establishing ethics within a structured hierarchical culture. First, we will elaborate on organizational culture. Next, the following paragraphs explore the relationship of ethics and its connection with an organization's shared vision. We examine the military, and specifically the United States Army, as an example of a successful, high performing organization because of its emphasis on ethics as a major part within its collaborative environment. We seek to demonstrate that once ethics is part of a shared vision, organizational culture will have accountability that will ensure ethical decision making.
Bagels and donuts for sale: A case study in profit maximization

Profit maximizing behavior on the part of firms is a fundamental, but rarely tested, assumption of economics. In this paper, I analyze the decisions made by an MIT trained economist running a company that delivers bagels and donuts. The simplicity and transparency of the business (e.g. marginal cost is easily observed) allow for relatively direct tests of profit maximization in the quantities delivered each day and the prices that are charged. Using twelve years of data representing more than 80,000 deliveries, I find that the company is extremely adept and determining how many bagels and donuts to deliver to a particular customer on a given day. The company appears to price on the inelastic portion of the short-run demand curve for the entire period. These pricing choices are inconsistent with short-run profit maximization, although they can potentially be reconciled with a dynamic optimization model.
Gastrointestinal motility in the neonate.

Feeding intolerance is a common problem in neonates, especially in the premature infant. Developmental patterns of gastrointestinal motility have been described in both animals and humans. This article reviews the normal physiology of gastrointestinal motility, its development and measurement, as well as current therapies for gastrointestinal dysmotility.
Microfabrication of Electrospray Ionization Emitters in Polydimethylsiloxane Microfluidic Devices Using a Self-Aligning Assembly System

Electrospray ionization (ESI) emitters for interfacing to mass spectrometry (MS) are produced along the edge of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices by soft lithography. A self-alignment system consisting of posts and matching holes is used to facilitate assembly of the devices.
On the relaxed synchronization for massively parallel numerical algorithms

This paper presents a novel relaxed synchronization strategy for generic numerical algorithms executed in distributed and parallel computing systems. Large problems are efficiently solved if they can be parallelized. However, as the number of processing elements increases, the communication, necessary to synchronize intermediate computation across processing elements, increases and soon becomes a serious bottleneck. This is a critical concern if future multicore machines are to be useful for scientific computing. In this paper, we analyze the convergence of numerical algorithms in the dynamical system framework and introduce a relaxed synchronization technique. This reduces the synchronization bottleneck through periodic communications across processing elements. Instead of synchronizing after every iterations, the proposed framework synchronizes at a certain period. We provide the condition to determine an appropriate synchronization period. It is shown that with this relaxation, the numerical algorithm converges faster to the same fixed-point value than the conventional implementation. The validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified by numerical example.
Person Detection and Re-identification Across Multiple Images and Videos Obtained via Crowdsourcing

Person re-identification is indispensable for consistent labeling across different camera views. Most existing studies use static cameras, apply background subtraction to detect moving people, and then focus on the matching of detection results. However, if cameras are mobile or only single image frames (not videos) are available, then background subtraction cannot be used, and human detection needs to be performed on entire images. In this paper, different from most of the existing work, we focus on a crowdsourcing scenario to find and follow person(s) of interest in the collected images/videos. We propose a novel approach combining R-CNN based person detection with the GPU implementation of color histogram and SURF-based re-identification. Moreover, GeoTags are extracted from the EXIF data of videos captured by smart phones, and are displayed on a map together with the time-stamps. All the processing is performed on a GPU, and the average processing time is 5 ms per frame.
Repairable System Analysis for Bounded Intensity Functions and Various Operating Conditions

﻿[This abstract is based on the author's abstract.] Two regression models are proposed to describe the effect of operating conditions on the reliability of complex mechanical systems subject to deterioration and undergoing minimal repairs, whose failur..
Explainable Matrix Factorization for Collaborative Filtering

Explanations have been shown to increase the user's trust in recommendations in addition to providing other benefits such as scrutability, which is the ability to verify the validity of recommendations. Most explanation methods are designed for classical neighborhood-based Collaborative Filtering (CF) or rule-based methods. For the state of the art Matrix Factorization (MF) recommender systems, recent explanation methods, require an additional data source, such as item content data, in addition to rating data. In this paper, we address the case where no such additional data is available and propose a new Explainable Matrix Factorization (EMF) technique that computes an accurate top-$n$ recommendation list of items that are explainable. We also introduce new explanation quality metrics, that we call Mean Explainability Precision (MEP) and Mean Explainability Recall (MER).
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital anomaly defined by incomplete diaphragmatic formation with associated pulmonary parenchymal hypoplasia and pulmonary vascular hypertension and an overall survival of 70%. The diaphragmatic defect that is most commonly identified is posterolateral (Bochdalek) and much more commonly occurs on the left side. The less common antero-medial (Morgagni) defect is pathophysiologically distinct and easier to manage. CDH is a disease in which morbidity and mortality result from the hypoplastic lung and abnormal pulmonary vasculature. Infants who survive face ongoing pulmonary, nutritional, gastrointestinal, and developmental challenges. Contemporary treatment begins in the prenatal period and may include fetal intervention in a highly select group. Postnatal management focuses on initial physiologic stabilization using pressure-limited ventilation strategies, pulmonary anti-hypertensive pharmacologic agents, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The timing and technique for surgical repair are variable and the importance of long-term multidisciplinary care has recently been appreciated.
The society for historical archaeology, 1967–1992: A quarter century of a national archaeological society

Periodization of the first two and a half decades of the Society for Historical Archaeology (SHA) from its 1967 founding in Dallas to its 25th Annual Meeting in Kingston, Jamaica, reveals a gradual evolution quickened by brief, non-contiguous periods of rapid change. These periods are designated the “Three Agendas” of Formation (ca. 1967–1969), Revitalization (ca. 1979–1982), and Expansion (ca. 1992–?). Such “Agendas” are caused by crises, not normal societal activity, and although predetermined they may or may not be recognized or completed.
Using knowledge-based systems for entrepreneurial new venture analysis

The development of a prototype knowledge-based system (KBS) for analyzing an entrepreneurial venture into the accounting field is described. The discussion covers: (1) studying the situation to be prototyped, and (2) documenting the prototype system. This study is limited to the development of a system which assists in deciding whether or not to enter a specific new service venture alone, by estimating the likelihood of success. >
How successful is the transition to adult urology care in spina bifida? A single center 7-year experience.

Summary Introduction Rates of successful transition from adolescent to adult spina bifida (SB) care are unknown. Objective We aimed to assess rates and predictors of successful transition from a multidisciplinary SB clinic to a transitional urology clinic (TUC), or a pediatric or adult urologist. Study design We retrospectively reviewed patients discharged from a multidisciplinary SB clinic (2006–2012), collecting demographic and clinical data. At transition, all patients/families were given instructions to arrange an appointment within 12 months. Patients who followed-up within 2 years were classified as transitioned. Logistic regression was used for analysis. Results Of 77 patients discharged at a mean age of 19.1 years, 31 (40.3%) successfully transitioned (mean follow-up 4.7 years). Only 20/41 (48.8%) with prior bladder augmentation, urinary channel, and MACE transitioned. There was no significant change in patients transitioning over time or late catch-up presentations (p = 0.41 see Figure ). Transitioned and non-transitioned groups were similar in age, gender, home-to-clinic distance, insurance, ambulation, shunt status, prior non-adherence, emergency room visits, neurosurgery appointments, hospitalizations, and surgeries (including genitourinary reconstruction) before discharge (p = 0.22). Transitioned patients had more pre-discharge appointments with services outside the SB clinic (p = 0.01) and radiographic studies (p Discussion To facilitate continued care and a smooth transition, the TUC was opened across the corridor from the multidisciplinary SB clinic. To our surprise, a low percentage of patients actually transitioned to adult care over the last 7 years. It is a sobering fact that despite offering three different transition models, Conclusions Only 40% of patients transitioned successfully from a multidisciplinary SB clinic and few presented after 2 years. Patients who transitioned tended to have more active health issues and more radiographic tests prior to discharge. Those followed by a urologist are less likely to use emergency room services. Download : Download high-res image (152KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Patients discharged from the multidisciplinary spina bifida clinic, by year.
The Joyous Entry of Albert and Isabella in Lille: History, Conquest and the Making of Belgium

This article investigates the planned festivities for the Joyous Entry of Archduke Albert and the Infanta Isabella Eugenia, joint sovereigns of the Low Countries since 1598, when they entered their city of Lille in 1600. In particular, this article focuses on the tableaux vivants and triumphal arches created by city authorities to commemorate the long history of collaboration between the counts of Flanders and the urban corporation. Accounts of these arches and tableaux vivants have survived only in two chronicles and an intriguing set of contemporary images. These posed scenes evoked newer forms of historical writing popular in the early modern period – urban, chorographical, and cosmographical – that did the work of renewing bonds of sovereign to people in the midst of the Dutch Revolt. They also produced a version of history that effectively silenced the problematic recent past, and placed the city of Lille firmly within the larger empire of its Habsburg sovereigns.
Role of convective mixing and evaporative cooling in shallow convection

Large-eddy simulations of shallow convection are used to evaluate the role of convective mixing and evaporative cooling in the vertical transport of mass, heat, and moisture in non-precipitating shallow convection. Evaporative cooling is found to increase mass flux and the magnitude of heat and moisture fluxes, comparing twin large-eddy simulations with either suppressed or active evaporative cooling. Nonetheless, subsiding shells transport mass downward even when evaporative cooling is suppressed, emphasizing that evaporative cooling is not the primary cause of existence of subsiding shells and accompanied buoyancy reversal. Instead, vertical convective mixing is found to be the primary reason of buoyancy reversal. Evaporative cooling yet accelerates downdrafts (updrafts) in the shell (cloudy) regions as well as increases the cloud cover in the lower cloud layer. The cloudy regions are more humid and the liquid water potential temperature is lower compared to the evaporative-cooling-suppressed experiment. The primary effect of evaporative cooling is thus to increase the updraft core anomalies, thus enhancing vertical turbulent fluxes.
Indy: a software system for the dense cloud

Early iterations of datacenter-scale computing were a reaction to the expensive multiprocessors and supercomputers of their day. They were built on clusters of commodity hardware, which at the time were packages with 2--4 CPUs. However, as datacenter-scale computing has matured, cloud vendors have provided denser, more powerful hardware. Today's cloud infrastructure aims to deliver not only reliable and cost-effective computing, but also excellent performance.
Philosophy and biology

In the preceding edition of this series, Chiaraviglio ([1], p. 384) concludes his contribution on biology and philosophy by indicating two hopes for the next decade: that more researchers take up philosophy of biology as a full-time activity and that biology play a greater role in this work than it has in the past. To some extent, Chiaraviglio’s hopes have been realized. During the past ten years, numerous books and anthologies have appeared which are devoted exclusively to the philosophy of biology, and biology as a scientific discipline plays a greater role in these works than it did in their predecessors ([2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] ,[11] ; see also Hull [12], [13] and Kleiner [14] forreviews).
Pathology of muscular hypotonia in the Prader-Willi syndrome. Light and electron microscopic study.

Abstract The clinical picture of the Prader-Willi syndrome (HHHO) is briefly reviewed. The first ultrastructural observations of muscle in this syndrome are described. They consist of: (1) subsarcolemmal aggregates of mitochondria; (2) abnormalities of the Z-line; and (3) myofilamentous disarray and loss. The etiology of the hypotonia, one of the most prominent features of HHHO syndrome, is discussed. The ultrastructural changes observed could be compatible with either myopathy or neuropathy, or could even result from muscular immobility and disuse.
Audit analysis of inter-observer variability and accuracy of different criteria in the interpretation of intermediate lung ventilation and perfusion (VQ) scan

2353 Objectives To assess the degree of inter-observer variation and accuracy of different criteria in the interpretation of Lung VQ scan. Methods Eight-seven VQ scans were reported as intermediate probability using PIOPED criteria. An independent professional unaware of the original report, reported the same scans using simple criteria for interpretation. The diagnostic classification of VQ scan obtained for an independent professional were analysed against CTPA scan. Results Eighty-seven VQ scans were reported as intermediate probability. Independent observer reported the number of normal, low and high probability categories as 14(16%), 68(78%) and 5(6%) respectively. Out of 87, 62 patients underwent CTPA scan. Out of 9 normal VQ scans; 8 had a negative CTPA and 1 had an equivocal result. Out of 48 with a low probability scan; 38 had a negative CTPA scan, 9 had a positive CTPA scan and 1 had an equivocal result. Out of 5 with a high probability scan; 3 had a negative CTPA scan and 2 had a positive CTPA scan. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for independent observer was 0.760. Kappa value is 0.44. Conclusions There was a significant variation in the interpretation of VQ scan between the two interpretations. Using simple criteria it is possible to improve the accuracy of reporting when compared to CTPA used as the gold standard. This approach reduces cost and unnecessary radiation exposure, and more prompt diagnosis
Hamburger’s Theorem on ζ(s) and the Abundance Principle for Dirichlet Series with Functional Equations

Ask any Ask any mathematician - indeed any number theorist - to state Hamburger’s theorem; chances are the response will be something like, “Riemann’s function ζ(s) is uniquely determined by its functional equation.” In fact, this is correct, as far as it goes, but (as is often the case) closer examination show that it does not go nearly far enough.
A wrappable microwire electrode for awake, chronic interfacing with small diameter autonomic peripheral nerves

Bioelectronic medicine requires the ability to monitor and modulate nerve activity in awake patients over time. The vagus nerve is a promising stimulation target, and preclinical models often use mice. However, an awake, chronic mouse vagus nerve interface has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we developed a functional wrappable microwire electrode to chronically interface with the small diameter mouse cervical vagus nerve (~100 μm). In an acute setting, the wrappable microwire had similar recording performance to commercially available electrodes. A chronic, awake mouse model was then developed to record spontaneous compound action potentials (CAPs). Viable signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were obtained from the wrappable microwires between 30 and 60 days (n = 8). Weekly impedance measurements showed no correlation between SNR or time. The wrappable microwires successfully interfaced with small diameter nerves and has been validated in a chronic, awake preclinical model, which can better facilitate clinical translation for bioelectronic medicine.
The surface eroding thermocouple for fast heat flux measurement in DIII-D

A novel type of surface eroding thermocouple (SETC) has been tested and demonstrated in the small angle slot (SAS) divertor of DIII-D for fast local heat flux measurements. The thermojunction of the SETC is formed between two thin (10 μm) ribbons, which are filed over to create microfiber junctions. These thermocouples are able to be exposed directly to the plasma at surface temperatures exceeding 2000 °C and are capable of sub-10 ms time resolution. Before installation in SAS, the SETCs were exposed in the lower DIII-D divertor during L-mode and H-mode discharges, from which results are presented. In preliminary tests, SETCs proved to be a qualified diagnostic to accurately measure both the intra-edge localized mode (ELM) and inter-ELM heat flux during H-mode shots with high frequency ELMs (hundreds of Hz) and to resolve heat flux profiles during strike point sweeps. The heat fluxes measured by using SETCs are consistent with the heat fluxes measured by using IR cameras and Langmuir probes. These new diagnostic capabilities will complement the existing IR camera measurements and will be of particularly significant value to measure surface heat flux in the SAS divertor or other regions where the IR camera lacks line of sight.
THE NPD SPEED-MARKET SUCCESS RELATIONSHIP: A META-ANALYSIS

This study explores the relationship between new product development (NPD) process speed, as an independent variable, and the perceived market success of products resulting from these NPD processes...
Quantification of pentaerythritol tetrastearate, a mold release agent used in polycarbonate, by non-aqueous RP HPLC method.

A new non-aqueous high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative determination of mold release agent pentaerythritol tetrastearate in polycarbonate matrix has been developed and validated. The analyte calibration curve was linear over range of 0.05-0.2 mg/mL (Coefficient of determination > 0.999), with limit of detection of 0.03 mg/mL. The repeatability of method was satisfactory with relative standard deviation of 1.6%. The obtained recovery was ranging from 100-101%. Detailed high-resolution mass spectrometric characterization of the principle peak confirmed that all the five components of pentaerythritol tetrastearate elutes as a single peak under the established chromatographic conditions. The new method is reliable and independent of any variation in composition of analyte in the samples compared to pentaerythritol tetrastearate reference standard used for calibration. The new high-performance liquid chromatography method is robust and easy to implement in quality control laboratories for quantitative estimation of the mold release agent added in commercial polymer.
The revised AJCC staging (7th edition) and prognostic stratification in esophagogastric adenocarcinoma.

4038 Background: AJCC esophageal staging assigns prognostic groups based on tumor, node, and metastasis classifications. In 2010, AJCC 7th ed. separated adenocarcinoma from squamous cell histology ...
Lying Time and Its Importance to the Dairy Cow: Impact of Stocking Density and Time Budget Stresses

The stocking density of confinement dairy operations is one of the most important management factors in determining cows' ability to achieve the 12 hours per day of lying and 3 hours to 5 hours per day feeding that cows are highly motivated to engage in. Overstocking facilities consistently decreases lying time, alters feeding behaviors, decreases rumination times, and increases social stress. This article reviews the relevant literature to establish the recommended stocking density with freestall systems. Novel housing systems and the considerations of transition cows are also reviewed.
Protein translocation by the SecA ATPase occurs by a power‐stroke mechanism

SecA belongs to the large class of ATPases that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to perform mechanical work resulting in protein translocation across membranes, protein degradation, and unfolding. SecA translocates polypeptides through the SecY membrane channel during protein secretion in bacteria, but how it achieves directed peptide movement is unclear. Here, we use single-molecule FRET to derive a model that couples ATP hydrolysis-dependent conformational changes of SecA with protein translocation. Upon ATP binding, the two-helix finger of SecA moves toward the SecY channel, pushing a segment of the polypeptide into the channel. The finger retracts during ATP hydrolysis, while the clamp domain of SecA tightens around the polypeptide, preserving progress of translocation. The clamp opens after phosphate release and allows passive sliding of the polypeptide chain through the SecA-SecY complex until the next ATP binding event. This power-stroke mechanism may be used by other ATPases that move polypeptides.
Contemporary use of inpatient antineoplastic (IP) treatment (Rx): Who is getting care and why?

e18015Background: The steady trend towards outpatient antineoplastic medication delivery has been spurred by improvements in supportive care, innovations in drug delivery, and financial considerati...
Assessment of Pain: Tools, Challenges, and Special Populations

At its core, an individual’s pain experience is ultimately unknowable to the outside world. Nevertheless, we must persist to excavate and understand one’s pain, to address it, and hopefully to alleviate it. Even today, our best tools for pain assessment remain language and the physical exam; this is how we listen to the patient’s story and help to clarify the pain narrative. Through a focus on cancer pain, this chapter provides an overview of pain assessment, including generally accepted definitions and classifications. We consider approaches to individualized patient assessment including psychosocial-spiritual considerations. We include special populations, including pediatrics, noncommunicative patients, and patients with substance use disorder. We also introduce key concepts of opioid risk assessment.
Risk factors predicting Candida infective endocarditis in patients with candidemia.

Candida infective endocarditis (CIE) is a rare but serious complication of candidemia. Incidence and risk factors associated with CIE among candidemic patients are poorly defined from small cohorts. Identification of clinical predictors associated with this entity may guide more judicious use of cardiac imaging. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all inpatients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with candidemia at our institution. CIE was diagnosed by fulfilling two of the major Duke criteria: specifically a vegetation(s) on echocardiogram and positive blood cultures for Candida spp. We used univariable and multivariable regression analyses to identify risk factors associated with CIE. Of 1,873 patients with candidemia, 47 (2.5%) were identified to have CIE. In our multivariable logistic model, existing valvular heart disease was associated with a higher risk for CIE (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.95-19.84). Predictors that demonstrated a decreased risk of CIE included infection with C. glabrata (aOR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04-0.69), hematologic malignancy (aOR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.68), and receipt of total parenteral nutrition (aOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16-0.91). The 90-day crude mortality for CIE was 48.9%, similar to the overall non-CIE mortality of 41.9% (P = .338). We identified a set of clinical factors that can predict the presence of CIE among patient with candidemia. These findings may reduce the need for unnecessary expensive and invasive imaging studies in a subset of patients with a lower risk profile for endocarditis and alternative infection source.