cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cementation of a Dual Mobility Construct in Recurrently Dislocating and High Risk Patients Undergoing Revision Total Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Recurrent instability remains a challenge after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). We report the outcomes of cementing a cementless dual mobility (DM) component into a stable acetabular shell for the treatment and/or prevention of instability in revision THA. Methods Eighteen patients (18 THAs) undergoing revision THA with a specific monoblock DM construct cemented into a new acetabular component or an existing well-fixed component from 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor prostheses and total femoral replacements were excluded. In 9 patients (50%), components were implanted specifically for recurrent dislocations. Mean age was 64 years; mean follow-up was 3 years. Patients underwent an average of 4 prior hip operations (range 2-6). Results No cemented DM cups dissociated at the cement-cup interface. Three patients (17%) experienced a postoperative dislocation. One required a revision to constrained liner and 2 underwent open reduction with retention of the DM construct. Harris Hip Scores improved from 53 to 82 postoperatively (P Conclusion Cementation of a monoblock cup DM construct, an off-label use as the construct is not specifically made for cementation, into a well-fixed acetabular component provides an alternative to enhance prosthetic stability in (1) recurrently dislocating THAs with well fixed, well-positioned acetabular components and (2) complex acetabular reconstructions in which constraint should be avoided. While not a perfect solution in this series, DM constructs provide a number of advantages including no added constraint at the interface and a large effective femoral head to diminish prosthetic impingement.
Solution Coating of Pharmaceutical Nanothin Films and Multilayer Nanocomposites with Controlled Morphology and Polymorphism

Nanosizing is rapidly emerging as an alternative approach to enhance solubility and thus the bioavailability of poorly aqueous soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Although numerous techniques have been developed to perform nanosizing of API crystals, precise control and modulation of their size in an energy and material efficient manner remains challenging. In this study, we present meniscus-guided solution coating as a new technique to produce pharmaceutical thin films of nanoscale thickness with controlled morphology. We demonstrate control of aspirin film thickness over more than 2 orders of magnitude, from 30 nm to 1.5 μm. By varying simple process parameters such as the coating speed and the solution concentration, the aspirin film morphology can also be modulated by accessing different coating regimes, namely the evaporation regime and the Landau–Levich regime. Using ellipticine—a poorly water-soluble anticancer drug—as another model compound, we discovered a new polymorph kinetically ...
New Laser-Based Methodologies for the Determination of Organic Pollutants via Fluorescence

One of today’s most important and challenging analytical problems is the development of selective, sensitive, and quantitative methodologies for the analysis of complex mixtures of organic pollutants. These pollutants derive from a variety of sources including chemical industry, agricultural land, and advanced energy technology. At present, the methods of choice for analysis of mixtures of organic pollutants are gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC—MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Neither, however, is completely satisfactory. GC—MS, for example, often is unable to distinguish between geometric isomers. This is particularly troublesome in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), species whose mutagenic and carcinogenic properties depend strongly on isomeric structure and substitution (1). Such species are generated from coal, synthetic fuel, and shale oil.
Biobanking and Disclosure of Research Results: Addressing the Tension Between Professional Boundaries and Moral Intuition

The role of biobanks is changing to accommodate the expanding needs of the research enterprise. In addition to collecting human specimens, many biobanks also collect research results derived from those specimens.With the advent of technologies to screen the whole genome and the inter-relatedness of multiple genes with multiple diseases, research results will increasingly reveal information with health implications for the contributor of the specimen. What is the responsibility of the biobank to communicate these research findings? What are the benchmarks to guide decision-making on a daily basis? Although there is an emerging ethical imperative from international guidelines to communicate research results to the individual, how should these be implemented in practice? The answers to these questions are highly contextual and currently lack standards of reference. This creates tensions between the traditional boundaries of a biobank, as a resource to store specimens, and the moral intuition of the biobank personnel, as gatekeepers to potentially beneficial health information. This chapter explores these tensions and issues of disclosure of research results in the context of biobanking and provides practice recommendations and next steps for policy development.
New Coal-Based Technologies for Nuclear Graphite and Strategic Carbon Materials

Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in America. Coal is a rock which consists of 65% to 95% carbon and contains between 2% and 50% ash. It has a heating value between 10,000 BTU/lb and 15,500 BTU/lb. The reserve of coal is spread throughout the United States, but high quality bituminous coals are found predominately in the Appalachian region. Approximately 90% of the coal mined is used for generation of electric power in traditional combustion power plants. The remainder is consumed in the production of coke which is used in metal refining processing. Valuable by-products from coal/coke plants are commonly referred to as coal tar products and include light-oils, naphthalenic materials, and pitches. The last of these is a key ingredient in the manufacture of carbon products.
Fesselin: a novel synaptopodin-like actin binding protein from muscle tissue.

A novel actin binding protein has been isolated from chicken gizzard muscle. When isolated, a pair of proteins with apparent molecular weights of 79 kDa and 103 kDa are obtained; both proteins have a pI near 9.3. Peptide mapping indicates that these proteins are related. Antibodies against this protein cross-reacted with proteins from other smooth muscle containing tissues as well as skeletal and heart muscle. Traces of cross-reactive material were also detected in brain and kidney tissue. The affinity of this protein for actin is ca. 1 × 106 M−1. Interestingly, this actin binding protein is a potent actin-bundling agent. A partial sequence analysis confirmed that there were no previously reported homologues in smooth muscle. However, considerable homology was found with the protein synaptopodin that is found in nervous tissue and kidney but is absent from muscle tissue. It is likely that the new protein is a member of the synaptopodin family. We call the smooth muscle actin binding protein fesselin.
Handbook of personality development

Contents: Preface. Part I: Introduction. D.K. Mroczek, T.D. Little, Theory and Research in Personality Development at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Part II: Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives on Personality Development. B.W. Roberts, D. Wood, Personality Development in the Context of the Neo-Socioanalytic Model of Personality. W. Fleeson, S. Jolley, A Proposed Theory of the Adult Development of Intraindividual Variability in Trait-Manifesting Behavior. T.D. Little, C.R. Snyder, M. Wehmeyer, The Agentic Self: On the Nature and Origins of Personal Agency Across the Life Span. R.F. Krueger, W. Johnson, K.C. Kling, Behavior Genetics and Personality Development. G. Saucier, J. Simonds, The Structure of Personality and Temperament. R.R. McCrae, P.T. Costa, Jr., Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Adult Personality Trait Development. P.H. Hawley, Evolution and Personality: A New Look at Machiavellianism. D.K. Mroczek, D.M. Almeida, A. Spiro III, C. Pafford, Modeling Intraindividual Stability and Change in Personality. T.D. Little, J.A. Bovaird, D.W. Slegers, Methods for the Analysis of Change. Part III: Personality Development in Childhood and Adolescence. R.L. Shiner, Temperament and Personality in Childhood. T.A. Walls, S.H. Kollatt, Agency to Agentic Personalities: The Early to Middle Childhood Gap. C. Saarni, Emotion Regulation and Personality Development in Childhood. R.M Tobin, W.G. Graziano, Development of Regulatory Processes Through Adolescence: A Review of Recent Empirical Studies. M.B. Donnellan, K.H. Trzesniewski, R.W. Robins, Personality and Self-Esteem Development in Adolescence. S. Harter, Developmental and Individual Difference Perspectives on Self-Esteem. Part IV: Personality Development in Middle and Older Adulthood. R. Helson, C.J. Soto, R.A. Cate, From Young Adulthood Through the Middle Ages. A.M. Freund, M. Riediger, Goals as Building Blocks of Personality and Development in Adulthood. M. Diehl, Development of Self-Representations in Adulthood. C. Wrosch, J. Heckhausen, M.E. Lachman, Goal Management Aross Adulthood and Old Age: The Adaptive Value of Primary and Secondary Control. M.R. Levenson, C.M. Aldwin, Change in Personality Processes and Health Outcomes. F.R. Lang, F.S. Reschke, F.J. Neyer, Social Relationships, Transitions, and Personality Development Across the Lifespan. Part V: Capstone. D.P. McAdams, J.M. Adler, How Does "Personality" "Develop"?
A new technique for luminosity measurement using 3D pixel modules in the ATLAS IBL detector

Author(s): Liu, P | Abstract: The Insertable B-Layer (IBL) is the innermost layer of the ATLAS tracking system. It consists of planar pixel modules in the central region and 3D pixel modules at the two extremities. We use the longitudinal cluster-size distributions in 3D modules of the IBL to determine the number of pixel clusters per bunch crossing produced by primary charged particles in randomly triggered collision events, and to suppress the associated backgrounds. This Pixel-Cluster-Counting algorithm can provide both bunch-integrated and bunch-by-bunch relative-luminosity measurements, and thereby contribute independent constraints to the understanding and the evaluation of the systematic uncertainties that dominate the luminosity determination at the ATLAS experiment.
Pubertal recalibration of cortisol reactivity following early life stress: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background Children adopted from orphanages or other such institutions tend to display blunted reactivity to stressors - even years after arriving in their generally supportive and highly resourced postadoption homes. Puberty, a proposed sensitive period for environmental influences on stress-mediating systems, may provide an opportunity for postinstitutionalized children to recalibrate stress response systems in accordance with their now more supportive living situations. Methods This cross-sectional study examined the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA)-axis reactivity of 280 children ages 7 through 14 years; 122 children were adopted from institutions in 14 countries between the ages of 6 months and 5 years, after spending an average of 95% of their lives in institutional care, and 158 children of similarly high socioeconomic status in their biological families served as the nonadopted comparison group. All of the children were assessed by nurses for Tanner stage and, on a different day, completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children. Results Using a linear mixed-effects model and seven measures of salivary cortisol, results indicated that early-pubertal postinstitutionalized children showed blunted HPA axis reactivity compared to nonadopted children, but mid/late-pubertal postinstitutionalized children displayed higher reactivity similar to the nonadopted comparison children. Conclusions This is the first evidence of possible pubertal recalibration of HPA axis reactivity to a psychosocial stressor in postinstitutionalized children, which provides a promising avenue for future research regarding the protective factors of the postadoption environment and subsequent physiological, behavioral, and psychopathological outcomes.
Use of QR Code Labels in Museum Collection Management

The results presented here are from a pilot project using QR labels, apparently for the first time in museum collection management. This new method for labelling significantly enhances collection m...
Detailed Characterization of Deep Neural Networks on GPUs and FPGAs

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proving the effectiveness in various computing fields. To provide more efficient computing platforms for DNN applications, it is essential to have evaluation environments that include assorted benchmark workloads. Though a few DNN benchmark suites have been recently released, most of them require to install proprietary DNN libraries or resource-intensive DNN frameworks, which can run only on certain architectures. Also, some of the benchmark suites only support a few per-layer functions where the interactions between layers can not be measured. To provide a more scalable evaluation environment, we present a new DNN benchmark suite, Tango, that can run on any platform that supports CUDA and OpenCL. Tango includes the most widely used five convolution neural networks and two recurrent neural networks. We provide in-depth architectural statistics of these networks while running them on an architecture simulator, a server- and a mobile-GPU, and a mobile FPGA.
The Power of Imaging: Constraining the Plasma Properties of GRMHD Simulations using EHT Observations of Sgr A*

Recent advances in general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations have expanded and improved our understanding of the dynamics of black-hole accretion disks. However, current simulations do not capture the thermodynamics of electrons in the low density accreting plasma. This poses a significant challenge in predicting accretion flow images and spectra from first principles. Because of this, simplified emission models have often been used, with widely different configurations (e.g., disk- versus jet-dominated emission), and were able to account for the observed spectral properties of accreting black-holes. Exploring the large parameter space introduced by such models, however, requires significant computational power that exceeds conventional computational facilities. In this paper, we use GRay, a fast GPU-based ray-tracing algorithm, on the GPU cluster El Gato, to compute images and spectra for a set of six general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations with different magnetic field configurations and black-hole spins. We also employ two different parametric models for the plasma thermodynamics in each of the simulations. We show that, if only the spectral properties of Sgr A* are used, all twelve models tested here can fit the spectra equally well. However, when combined with the measurement of the image size of the emission using the Event Horizon Telescope, current observations rule out all models with strong funnel emission, because the funnels are typically very extended. Our study shows that images of accretion flows with horizon-scale resolution offer a powerful tool in understanding accretion flows around black-holes and their thermodynamic properties.
DFT +DMFT study of spin-charge-lattice coupling in covalent LaCoO 3

We study energetics and the nature of both homogeneous and mixed spin (MS) states in ${\mathrm{LaCoO}}_{3}$ incorporating structural changes of the crystal volume expansion and the Co-O bond disproportionation (BD) during the spin-state transition using the density functional theory plus dynamical mean field theory ($\mathrm{DFT}+\mathrm{DMFT}$) method. $\mathrm{DFT}+\mathrm{DMFT}$ predicts that energetics of both excited spin states are almost the same while $\mathrm{DFT}+U$ calculations of the same structures energetically favor the MS states and produce various metastable solutions whose energetics depend sensitively on final spin states. Within $\mathrm{DFT}+\mathrm{DMFT}$, the homogeneous spin state in the expanded crystal volume shows the multiconfigurational nature with non-negligible occupancy probabilities of both high spin (HS) and low spin (LS) states along with ${d}^{6}$ and ${d}^{7}$ charge configurations indicating the dynamically fluctuating nature of spin and charge states due to the Co-O covalency. The nature of the MS state under the BD structure reveals that Co sites with the long Co-O bonds develop a Mott insulating state and favor HS with a ${d}^{6}$ configuration, while more covalent Co sites with the short Co-O bonds occupy more LS states with a ${d}^{7}$ configuration and behave as a band insulator, as a result, charge ordering is induced in the BD structure from the spin-state ordering. We also find that both energetics and electronic structure sensitively depend on the Co-O covalency effect, which can be tuned by changing the double counting potential and the resulting $d$ occupancy (${N}_{d}$), and ${N}_{d}$ close to 6.7 is consistent with the nature of the spin-state transition. Our results show that structural changes during the spin-state transition can play an important role in understanding energetics and electronic structure of ${\mathrm{LaCoO}}_{3}$.
Heterogeneous Subgroup Identification in Observational Studies

AbstractDespite the overwhelming focus on the overall average treatment effect in the methodological and statistical literature, in many cases the efficacy of an educational program or intervention...
Immunoepidemiology of Immune Dysfunction

The immune system is designed to ward off infections. In some situations, the system is dysfunctional. The causes of these dysfunctions are many and varied but can be generally classified as deficient (immunodeficiency) or disproportionate (allergy and autoimmunity). Primary immune deficiencies are genetic defects that result in inappropriate responses to infections. They may affect T cell selection and function or antibody production or involve lymphoproliferative syndromes. Treatment strategies include intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, bone marrow transplantation, or gene therapy. Allergies are classified as immediate hypersensitivity diseases, most often mediated by IgE antibody. Food allergy is one of the most common. Pathogenic mechanisms include IgE antibody, non-IgE antibody, or both, or cellular processes. Food allergies are distinguished from food intolerance and can be permanent or transient. Risk factors for food allergies include genes (a family history of atopy), gender (more common in males), and the environment (less common in individuals exposed to pets). Autoimmune diseases can be directed against a particular cell such as the insulin-producing β cell in Type I diabetes; an organ, such as the joints in rheumatoid arthritis; or the contents of all cells, as in systemic lupus erythematosus. The pathogenic mechanisms can be cell-mediated or antibody-mediated, or a combination of both. The autoimmune diseases are complex and multifactorial with both genetic and acquired etiologies––summarized as “genes, gender, and geography,” with an influence of lifestyle. HLA type is a risk factor, but sophisticated genome-wide association studies have revealed the enormous complexity of genetic involvement. A higher prevalence in females is seen in some autoimmune diseases. The role of geography includes the country of origin and the microbiome.
EVOLUTION OF COMMUNITY DETERRENCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL HOCKEY LEAGUE

Community and specialized enforcement are recognized as important components of deterring antisocial behavior. To provide insights on the interplay between deterrence methods, we examine the empirical evolution of fighting and scoring in the National Hockey League using time series data. We identify structural changes that correlate with changes in player behavior and rules. In particular, we find that player behavior related to fighting changed 4 or 5 years prior to most rule changes aimed at reducing fighting. We conclude that the decline in fighting in hockey was more closely associated with a change in community rather than specialized deterrence methods. (JEL Z22, D71, L83)
Examine the effects of neighborhood equity on disaster situational awareness: Harness machine learning and geotagged Twitter data

Abstract A disaster-resilient city should address social inequity in all its forms. Complete, accurate, and up-to-the-minute situational awareness (SA) can help disaster relief organizations stabilize the dangers and prevent further losses in poor and ethnic minority neighborhoods. However, the lapse of months or years of survey data could lead to biases since retrospective studies are affected by the emotional status at the time of the survey. To address this, we aim to examine the effects of neighborhood equity on SA in a hurricane event using geotagged Twitter data. We adopted the sentiment analysis, convolutional neural network (CNN) model and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model to reflect SA in Hurricane Florence. The multinomial logit regression model reveals that the tweet originated from a poor neighborhood has a higher probability of being more negative, compared to being neutral. Also, we surprisingly found that the sentiment of a tweet in a black neighborhood could be less likely to be negative. Another novel finding is that black neighborhoods could discuss the hurricane with a positive attitude while poor neighborhoods are more concerned about the work during the hurricane. This study shows that, by incorporating with aggregated sociodemographic data, geotagged Twitter data can also be used to understand disaster SA from the perspective of social equity.
Specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with perennial rhinitis: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a major public health problem and is increasing worldwide. AR affects children's learning efficiency, sleep quality, and other major aspects of life. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is effective and safe for children with seasonal AR, but for children with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) caused by house dust mites (HDM), its effectiveness and safety is less convincing. METHODS Medical literature databases up to 2019 were searched for published and unpublished pieces of evidence. Studies were individually screened by 2 reviewers against the eligibility criteria. Primary outcomes were total nasal symptoms scores (TNSS) and total medication scores (TMS). The secondary outcomes were total ocular symptoms scores and adverse events (AEs). Random effect models and fixed-effect models were used to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio (RR), respectively. RESULTS We identified 3772 abstracts, of which only 16 studies met our established criteria. SLIT significantly reduced TNSS (SMD -1.73; 95% CI, -2.62 to -0.84; p = 0.0001) and TMS (SMD -1.21; 95% CI, -1.75 to -0.67; p < 0.00001). Compared with children taking placebo, children taking SLIT were 1.08 (95% CI, 1 to 1.17; p = 0.05), 1.15 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.51; p = 0.32), and 1.68 (95% CI, 0.68 to 4.11; p = 0.26) times more likely to develop mild, moderate, and severe AEs, respectively. CONCLUSION HDM SLIT can effectively alleviate TNSS and TMS in children with PAR, but care should be taken to avoid harm due to possible adverse drug reactions.
Fluorous phthalocyanines and subphthalocyanines

Incorporating fluorine atoms into a molecule can endow it with various unique properties that enable materials applications. Selective solubility in fluorous solvents is achieved by a high fluorine...
Slowed driving-reaction time following concussion-symptom resolution

Abstract Background: Concussed patients have impaired reaction time (RT) and cognition following injury that may linger and impair driving performance. Limited research has used direct methods to assess driving-RT post-concussion. Our study compared driving RT during simulated scenarios between concussed and control individuals and examined driving-RT's relationship with traditional computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT) domains. Methods We employed a cross-sectional study among 14 concussed (15.9 ± 9.8 days post-concussion, mean ± SD) individuals and 14 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and driving experience. Participants completed a driving simulator and CNT (CNS Vital Signs) assessment within 48 h of symptom resolution. A driving-RT composite (ms) was derived from 3 simulated driving scenarios: stoplight (green to yellow), evasion (avoiding approaching vehicle), and pedestrian (person running in front of vehicle). The CNT domains included verbal and visual memory; CNT-RT (simple-, complex-, Stroop-RT individually); simple and complex attention; motor, psychomotor, and processing speed; executive function; and cognitive flexibility. Independent t tests and Hedge d effect sizes assessed driving-RT differences between groups, Pearson correlations (r) examined driving RT and CNT domain relationships among cohorts separately, and p values were controlled for false discovery rate via Benjamini-Hochberg procedures (α = 0.05). Results Concussed participants demonstrated slower driving-RT composite scores than controls (mean difference = 292.86 ms; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 70.18–515.54; p = 0.023; d = 0.992). Evasion-RT (p = 0.054; d = 0.806), pedestrian-RT (p = 0.258; d = 0.312), and stoplight-RT (p = 0.292; d = 0.585) outcomes were not statistically significant after false-discovery rate corrections but demonstrated medium to large effect sizes for concussed deficits. Among concussed individuals, driving-RT outcomes did not significantly correlate with CNT domains (r-range: –0.51 to 0.55; p > 0.05). No correlations existed between driving-RT outcomes and CNT domains among control participants either (r-range: –0.52 to 0.72; p > 0.05). Conclusion Slowed driving-RT composite scores and large effect sizes among concussed individuals when asymptomatic signify lingering impairment and raise driving-safety concerns. Driving-RT and CNT-RT measures correlated moderately but not statistically, which indicates that CNT-RT is not an optimal surrogate for driving RT.
The role of PPARγ in chemotherapy-evoked pain

Abstract Although millions of people are diagnosed with cancer each year, survival has never been greater thanks to early diagnosis and treatments. Powerful chemotherapeutic agents are highly toxic to cancer cells, but because they typically do not target cancer cells selectively, they are often toxic to other cells and produce a variety of side effects. In particular, many common chemotherapies damage the peripheral nervous system and produce neuropathy that includes a progressive degeneration of peripheral nerve fibers. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) can affect all nerve fibers, but sensory neuropathies are the most common, initially affecting the distal extremities. Symptoms include impaired tactile sensitivity, tingling, numbness, paraesthesia, dysesthesia, and pain. Since neuropathic pain is difficult to manage, and because degenerated nerve fibers may not grow back and regain normal function, considerable research has focused on understanding how chemotherapy causes painful CIPN so it can be prevented. Due to the fact that both therapeutic and side effects of chemotherapy are primarily associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, this review focuses on the activation of endogenous antioxidant pathways, especially PPARγ, in order to prevent the development of CIPN and associated pain. The use of synthetic and natural PPARγ agonists to prevent CIPN is discussed.
“There Was No Plan in Place to Get Us Help”: Strategies for Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Law Enforcement

Police experience a documented, elevated need for mental health (MH) care due to the significant chronic stressors and acute traumatic experiences that characterize police work. Yet, many barriers prevent officers from accessing and engaging fully in MH treatment. The purpose of this study is to understand the idiosyncratic officer-perceived barriers and facilitators to MH service utilization to generate strategies for increasing the accessibility of MH resources. Heeding the call for more qualitative work in this line of inquiry, we used thematic analysis of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a sample of 48 U.S. police officers to examine how officers came to initiate MH services, why they chose to engage or not engage such resources, and what organizational and supervisory factors promoted service utilization. Officers’ narratives show that police leadership should strive to (1) alleviate fear of negative professional consequences by addressing structural stigma, (2) improve agency culture and social norms around mental health care by focusing on prevention and resilience, and (3) emphasize the development of relevant and trustworthy MH care. To address structural barriers, officers described the urgent need for police leadership to clarify and make transparent organizational MH policies and processes, systematize departmental MH responses, and leverage mandated counseling. Additionally, officers perceived the need for a cultural shift emphasizing comprehensive, incentivized, preventative MH services. Finally, officers’ concerns regarding the quality of MH care encompassed the need for confidential, trustworthy services grounded in the realities of police work. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Profiles in Leadership: Six Lansing-Area Lawyers Head State Bar of Michigan

Despite being headquartered in Lansing, just six lawyers from Michigan’s capital region have presided over the State Bar of Michigan in its 82-year history. This article profiles them (includes photographs).
Continuing Orthohantavirus Circulation in Deer Mice in Western Montana.

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an often-fatal disease caused by New World hantaviruses, such as Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV). In the US, >800 cases of HPS have been confirmed since it was first discovered in 1993, of which 43 were reported from the state of Montana. The primary cause of HPS in the US is SNV, which is primarily found in the reservoir host Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse). The reservoir host covers most of the US, including Montana, where multiple studies found SNV in local deer mouse populations. This study aimed to check the prevalence of SNV in the deer mice at popular recreation sites throughout the Bitterroot Valley in Western Montana as compared to previous studies in western Montana. We found high prevalence (up to 20%) of deer mice positive for SNV RNA in the lungs. We were unable to obtain a SNV tissue culture isolate from the lungs but could passage SNV from lung tissue into naive deer mice. Our findings demonstrate continuing circulation of SNV in western Montana.
Interactions of Porphyromonas gingivalis with Human Gingival Epithelium

Gingival epithelial cells, the initial lining of gingival mucosa functioning as an important part of the innate immune system, are among the first host cells colonized by Porphyromonas gingivalis. This chapter presents a study which showed that the gingival epithelial cells display a high level of death upon treatment with ATPe and that treatment with purified recombinant Ndk inhibits ATP-mediated host cell plasma membrane permeabilization in a dose-dependent manner. Cytochalasin D, a fungal toxin that disrupts the microfilaments and inhibits actin polymerization, caused significant inhibition of the level of intercellular spread, confirming that the stimulation of actin polymerization is an underlying factor for dissemination of P. gingivalis within the host epithelium. In addition to constituting a physical barrier to the ingress of organisms, epithelial cells can sense and respond to the presence of bacteria following stimulation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), resulting in secretion of inflammatory cytokines and differentiation of the epithelial cells. The current challenges include accurate definition of species and identification of the species present at subthresholds. The initiation of inflammation and succession of disease might require a large number of potentially pathogenic populations acting in concert. The current innovative approaches for determining biphasic interaction between host and microbe, particularly identification of mutualistic and/or pathogenic genes and proteins, include suppression subtractive hybridization, comparative genomic analyses by DNA microarrays, and various proteomics technologies.
Explicit Models of Genus 2 Curves with Split CM

We outline a general algorithm for computing an explicit model over a number field of any curve of genus 2 whose (unpolarized) Jacobian is isomorphic to the product of two elliptic curves with CM by the same order in an imaginary quadratic field. We give the details and some examples for the case where the order has prime discriminant and class number one.
An Overview of Technological Developments in Medical Applications of X-Rays and Radioactivity

The years 1895 to 1898 were momentous for their impact on health and human well beings. First, Wilhelm Roentgen noted a glowing fluorescent screen, caused by invisible rays. This event subsequently led to the discovery of X-rays in 1895, and thus the birth of the “atomic age”. Next Becquerel’s investigations of these mysterious rays led to his experiments with uranium salt crystals. He thought that when these crystals are exposed to sunlight they could emit rays and cause exposure on photographic plates. This led to the discovery of radioactivity in 1896, with its full significance appreciated when the Curies discovered radium in 1897. The term “radioactivity” was first used by Marie Curie to describe this phenomenon that led to the birth of the “nuclear age”. Shortly after, the medical applications of x-rays and radioactivity were recognized and widely disseminated. In the past 100 years, the technological developments in the production of x-ray beams along with the impact of the discovery of artificial radioactivity by Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot in 1930s have revolutionized the practice of medicine. Currently x-ray imaging is being used, more than any other imaging modality, in diagnosis of diseases and abnormalities. In addition, over 50% of all cancer patients receive radiation treatments as part of their treatment plan(s). Despite significant advances in imaging technology and in production and delivery of x-rays and radioactivity, about half of these patients are successfully cured with 5 to 10 years local control. Reasons for treatment failure with radiation may be several including physical, biological, or both. For example, because of the imaging limitations, the exact extent of disease for many tumors is often unknown. Moreover, some tumors are able to “repair” radiation damage very effectively and some are radio resistant due to relative hypoxia. In recent years, the major “challenge” of radiation treatment is to deliver large enough doses to the most resistant cancer cells to provide a high probability of local control while minimizing the dose to normal tissues and hence reducing complications. With recent developments in “imaging” the metabolic or functional status of cancers, the position of tumors relative to surrounding normal tissue can be more clearly delineated. The therapeutic dosage of radiation to the tumors can be escalated without exceeding normal tissues tolerances. These special techniques include: 3D “conformal” radiation treatment where the shape of the high dose region “conforms” to the shape of the tumor (“target”), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) that uses combinations of radiation beams with varying spatial intensity across the fields (“intensity modulated”) in order to achieve an “ideal” dose distribution, image guided radiation treatment, and heavy charged particle radiotherapy. As such, it is expected to increase the success rate of cancer treatment significantly with this radiation treatment modality.
Well-defined secondary structures

Molecules and assemblies of molecules with well-defined secondary structures have been designed and characterized by controlling noncovalent interactions. By specifying intermolecular interactions, a class of information-storing molecular duplexes have been successfully developed. These H-bonded molecular duplexes demonstrate programmable, sequence-specificity and predictable, tunable stabilities. Based on these highly specific molecular zippers (or glues), a systematic approach to designing self-assembled structures is now feasible. Duplex-directed formation of β-sheets, block copolymers and templated organic reactions have been realized. By specifying intramolecular noncovalent interactions, a backbone-rigidification strategy has been established, leading to unnatural molecular strands that adopt well-defined, crescent or helical conformations. The generality of this backbone-rigidification strategy has been demonstrated in three different classes of unnatural oligomers: oligoaramides, oligoureas and oligo(phenylene ethynylenes). Large nanosized cavities have been created based on the folding of these helical foldamers. Tuning the size of the nanocavities has been achieved without changing the underlying helical topology. These helical foldamers can serve as novel platforms for the systematic design of nanostructures.
A Paging Scheme for Pointer-Based Quadtrees

Hierarchical data structures, most notably the quadtree, have become increasingly popular for the indexing of the large databases required by GIS since they support the efficient computation of traditional GIS spatial analysis algorithms. While the quadtree has many representations, the linear quadtree has become the standard. Initially thought to be more space efficient than traditional pointer-based quadtree representations, its main operational virtue has been its ability to minimize data transfers between main memory and disk. Recent results show that a good pointer-based representation is more space efficient than the linear quadtree. This paper presents a pointer-based representation for quadtrees called the paged-pointer quadtree, which partitions the nodes of a pointer-based quadtree into pages and manages the pages using B-tree techniques. A paged-pointer quadtree always requires less space than the corresponding linear quadtree. Our initial implementation provides better performance than a highly optimized system based on linear quadtrees.
Proper analysis of experiments on quantized, charged vortex rings in superfluid helium

In this paper we derive the equations governing the electromagnetic-field dependence of the quantized charged vortex rings created in superfluid helium with usual experimental set-ups and with both electric and magnetic fields assumed to be parallel. These equations are then applied to analyze a set of experimental results. The conclusion shows positively the existence of pair-condensate in superfluid helium.
Investigation of residual anode material after electrorefining uranium in molten chloride salt

Abstract A buildup of material at uranium anodes during uranium electrorefining in molten chloride salts has been observed. Potentiodynamic testing has been conducted using a three electrode cell, with a uranium working electrode in both LiCl/KCl eutectic and LiCl each containing ∼5 mol% UCl3. The anodic current response was observed at 50° intervals between 450 °C and 650 °C in the eutectic salt. These tests revealed a buildup of material at the anode in LiCl/KCl salt, which was sampled at room temperature, and analyzed using ICP-MS, XRD and SEM techniques. Examination of the analytical data, current response curves and published phase diagrams has established that as the uranium anode dissolves, the U3+ ion concentration in the diffusion layer surrounding the electrode rises precipitously to levels, which may at low temperatures exceed the solubility limit for UCl3 or in the case of the eutectic salt for K2UCl5. The reduction in current response observed at low temperature in eutectic salt is eliminated at 650 °C, where K2UCl5 is absent due to its congruent melting and only simple concentration polarization effects are seen. In LiCl similar concentration effects are seen though significantly longer time at applied potential is required to effect a reduction in the current response as compared to the eutectic salt.
Regulating Gene Expression in Mammalian Cell Culture and Transgenic Mice with Yeast GAL4/UAS Control Elements

To overcome the difficulties in maintaining strains of mice with decreased reproductive potential due to the expression of toxic genes, we have developed a binary system that will allow one to activate an otherwise silent transgene. This system requires two types of transgenic mice, target strains and transactivator strains. The target strain is engineered to contain a transgene controlled by yeast regulatory sequences that respond only to the yeast transcription factor, GAL4, or a derivative of this protein. The transactivator strains are engineered to express a GAL4 gene that can be driven by any enhancer/promoter combination. In this manuscript we review studies designed to test this binary system in tissue culture cells and in mice. We also discuss several target genes currently being transactivated in mice, and review some of the published data on int-2 expression in GAL4 mice.
Hypostomus macushi , a new species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Guyana

Hypostomus macushi is described as a new species of the H. cochliodon group based on the presence of a light background with widely separated black spots. The only members of the H. cochliodon group with similar coloration are H. cochliodon, H.ericae, H. ericius and H. paucipunctatus. Hypostomus macushi can be separated from H. cochliodon by lacking a longitudinal ridge on the pterotic-supracleithrum and a lack of longitudinal dark stripes; from H. ericius by lacking keels formed from sharp odontodes on the lateral plates; from H. ericae and H. paucipunctatus by lacking a buccal papilla; from H. ericae by having spots in the distal dorsal and caudal fins not combining (vs. spots combining to form wavy lines); and from H. paucipunctatus by having medium to large spots (vs. very small spots). Hypostomus macushi is found in tributaries of the Essequibo and Negro Rivers of Guyana. The range of H. taphorni is additionally expanded to cover much of the Essequibo River basin in Guyana and a single locality in the Takutu River drainage. Addition of H. macushi and H. sculpodon to the phylogeny of the Hypostomus cochliodon group collapsed most of the clades found in a previous analysis. Only the H. cochliodon group, the wood-specializing species, and H. ericius + H. oculeus are supported as clades. Hypostomus macushi e descrito como uma nova especie do grupo H. cochliodon baseado no padrao de coloracao do corpo claro com pontos esparcos. Os unicos membros deste grupo com pigmentacao similar sao H. cochliodon, H.ericae, H. ericius e H. paucipunctatus. H. macushi difere de H. cochliodon pela ausencia da crista do pterotico-supracleitro e pela ausencia de listras largas; e difere de H. ericius pela presenca de quilhas pouco desenvolvidas com odontoides arredondados; de H. ericae e H. paucipunctatus pela ausencia de papila bucal; de H. ericae por apresentar maculas na porcao distal dorsal e nadadeira caudal organizados aleatoriamente (vs. maculas arranjadas formando linhas onduladas); e de H. paucipunctatus por porssuir maculas de tamanho medio a grande (vs. maculas diminutas). H. macushi e encontrado nos tributarios dos Rios Essequibo e Negro, na Guiana. A distribuicao de H. taphorni e expandida para a maior parte da bacia do Rio Essequibo e em uma localidade na drenagem do Rio Takutu. A adicao de H. macushi e H. sculpodon na filogenia do grupo H. cochliodon colapsou a maioria dos clados encontrados em um estudo anterior.
Genetic control of upper airway patterning (207.2)

In the trachea and bronchi of the mouse, airway smooth muscle (SM) and cartilage are localized to complementary domains surrounding the airway epithelium. Proper juxtaposition of these tissues produces a balance of elasticity and rigidity that is critical for effective air passage. It is unknown how this tissue complementation is established during development. Here we will present data where we dissected the developmental relationship of these tissues by genetically disrupting either SM formation (through Srf inactivation) or cartilage formation (through Sox9 inactivation), and assessed the impact on the remaining tissue. We found that in both the trachea and main bronchi, loss of one lineage led to an increase in cell number of the remaining lineage. However, only in the main bronchi, but not in the trachea, did the loss of one lineage led to a spatial expansion of the remaining lineage. In addition to SM defects, cartilage-deficient tracheas displayed epithelial phenotypes, including decreased basal ce...
quawds: a composite diagnostic system for gait analysis

Abstract quawds is a system for interpreting human gait. This task is complex because patients usually have multiple faults, and there is significant interaction between the components in the system. quawds interprets a gait study by integrating associational and qualitative models of knowledge into a diagnotic system, taking advantage of the subtasks each kind of model can perform efficiently and effectively. An abductive hypothesis assembler is used to coordinate the subtasks. The result is a diagnostic solution that is ‘locally best’, i.e., no single change to the answer will produce a better solution.
Effect of a disulfide reducing agent on coelenterate nematocyst capsules.

Wahrend sich die Mehrzahl der entladenen Nesselkapseln mehrerer hawaiischer Coelenteraten in Dithioerythritol (DTE) auflost, sind die Spirozysten und die meisten unentladenen Nesselkapseln in diesem die Disulfidbindungen reduzierenden Reagens unloslich.
Occurrence of Multiple Salmonella Types in Spray-Dried Whole-Egg Powder

Abstract A VARIETY of Salmonella types have been isolated from spray-dried whole egg powder (Solowey et al., 1947). The frequency distribution of these types was based largely on the serological identification of only 1 presumptive positive colony isolate per sample. However, when occasionally 2 colony isolates per sample were identified, it was observed that in some cases 2 Salmonella types were present. In order to observe further the number of types present, serological follow-ups were made on 2 to 30 colony isolates from each of 171 samples. This paper summarizes the findings. At first, a random selection of egg powder samples was made for this study. However, in order to avoid too many Salmonella-negative samples, selection was later made from dehydration plants which had previously contributed a high percentage of Salmonella-positive samples. These samples ‡ represented U. S. Department of Agriculture lots of egg powder produced in 46 plants located in 17 . . .
The Culturally Responsive Teacher Educator.

Recent research on teacher diversity has highlighted the challenges new teachers of color face when they enter diverse school settings. In this study the pedagogy of three sociopolitically conscious teacher educators is investigated to understand how they tailor preparation for teachers of color. Findings revealed that teacher educators' pedagogy for teacher candidates of color was characterized by three mutually binding mindsets and practices: (a) teacher educators made an intentional choice to work as a change agent for communities of color; (b) teacher educators challenged sociocultural barriers to the academic and professional achievement of teachers of color; and (c) teacher educators implemented constructivist approaches as an instructional bridge to prepare teacher candidates of color to work with culturally and linguistically diverse students. Based on findings, the conceptual framework of culturally responsive pedagogy is reconstructed to generate suppositions about the culturally responsive teac...