cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secondary pool boiling effects.

A pool boiling phenomenon referred to as secondary boiling effects is discussed. Based on the experimental trends, a mechanism is proposed that identifies the parameters that lead to this phenomenon. Secondary boiling effects refer to a distinct decrease in the wall superheat temperature near the critical heat flux due to a significant increase in the heat transfer coefficient. Recent pool boiling heat transfer experiments using femtosecond laser processed Inconel, stainless steel, and copper multiscale surfaces consistently displayed secondary boiling effects, which were found to be a result of both temperature drop along the microstructures and nucleationcharacteristic length scales. The temperature drop is a function of microstructure height and thermal conductivity. An increased microstructure height and a decreased thermal conductivity result in a significant temperature drop along the microstructures. This temperature drop becomes more pronounced at higher heat fluxes and along with the right nucleationcharacteristic length scales results in a change of the boiling dynamics. Nucleation spreads from the bottom of the microstructure valleys to the top of the microstructures, resulting in a decreased surface superheat with an increasing heat flux. This decrease in the wall superheat at higher heat fluxes is reflected by a “hook back” of the traditional boiling curve and is thus referred to as secondary boiling effects. In addition, a boiling hysteresis during increasing and decreasing heat flux develops due to the secondary boiling effects. This hysteresis further validates the existence of secondary boiling effects.
Forests of the Self: Life Writing and ‘Wild’ Wanderings

ABSTRACTStudying ecocritical life writing shows how travel into the wilderness can be therapeutic to the self during periods of malaise and alienation. Jon Krakauer's biography, Into the Wild (1996), explores the life, death and psyche of Christopher McCandless who seems to deliberately lose himself in the Alaskan bush, succumbing to a death by starvation that is strangely triumphant. Krakauer as biographer romanticises McCandless's experience in a manner that imagines and projects his life and death in an idealistic light. In her memoir, Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail (2012), Cheryl Strayed describes how a deep depression prompts her to hike the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT). Alone and inexperienced, Strayed struggles to survive, and her feminist narrative records how hiking the PCT helps her to regain her emotional footing and redefine her identity. Emotionally estranged from others and at critical junctures in their respective lives, the two explorers seek meaning on the path less trav...
Parallelization Methods for Hierarchical SMP Systems

We discuss several parallelization methods for multi-level hierarchical SMP systems using a stencil-based finite difference code. Performance comparisons and suggestions for OpenMP runtime improvements are provided.
Shear-Directed Assembly of Graphene Oxide in Aqueous Dispersions into Ordered Arrays

A wide variety of new carbon-based materials are being developed from graphene oxide (GO) precursor sheets, whose assembly in aqueous phases determines the form, structure, and properties of the resultant carbon. Here we show that graphene oxide forms ordered linear arrays of aggregates when aqueous suspensions are subjected to shear flow in the presence of soluble salts. These linear arrays align along the vorticity direction, normal to the direction of flow. We propose that salt addition screens electrostatic repulsion and allows formation of fractal-like GO sheet aggregates by hydrophobic forces. Fluid shear in a confined gap then guides the assembly of these primary aggregates into optically visible, ordered linear arrays or “superaggregates” whose characteristics are a function of GO concentration, salt valency, salt concentration, and gap confinement. This is the first reported observation of vorticity banding in graphene oxide suspensions and the first reported observation of such banding based on ...
Putting it all together: recommendations for improving pain management in plastic surgical procedures.

SUMMARY The benefits of optimal pain management are well recognized. Nevertheless, treatment of postoperative pain continues to be a major challenge, and inadequate postoperative pain relief remains disturbingly high. One of the reasons for suboptimal pain management may be related to inadequate or improper application of available analgesic therapies. Use of patient-specific and procedure-specific pain management strategies should improve pain control and consequently improve perioperative outcome, including early ambulation, ability to perform rehabilitation activities, and return to activities of daily living. This article discusses the current evidence that should allow improved postoperative pain control with emphasis on the use of procedure-specific pain management.
Age- and Gender-Based Patterns in Youth All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Riding Behaviors

Injuries to youth on all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) have been increasing exponentially in recent years. Youth under age 16 years are 4 times more likely to require emergency room treatments. This study explored the relationships and differences in ATV risk and safety behaviors based on age, gender, and age at ATV driving/riding initiation. Data were collected from 180 farm youth between 10 and 19 years of age. The study brought to light an important factor that influences risky ATV behaviors of youth, namely, their age at ATV driving and riding initiation. The sooner that youth (boys and girls) were exposed to ATVs, including riding with their family or friends, the sooner they started driving ATVs themselves, and the more likely they were to indulge in several ATV risk behaviors when older. This effect was more pronounced for boys than girls. Overall, girls in this study were equally likely to engage in many of the risky ATV behaviors, such as taking and giving rides on single-seat ATVs, driving adult-sized ATVs, driving ATVs on public roads, and driving ATVs really fast. However, they were less likely to wear protective attire, leaving them more vulnerable to injuries and fatalities during crashes. Implications of the findings and future directions are discussed.
The small intestine.

Clinical investigation of the small bowel at The Mount Sinai Hospital began with David Adlersberg's arrival in 1931. His research interests were in bile acids, cholesterol, carotene, and vitamin A. In 1952, he was given a Nutrition Laboratory and later, a Nutrition Clinic. His vitamin A tolerance test and interest in malabsorption led him to a comprehensive study of sprue, the separation of the tropical and non-tropical forms, and their different etiologies and treatments. Adlersberg's work was complemented by (a) Marshak and Wolf's radiologic examination of the small bowel (especially in sprue and other malabsorption disorders); (b) Gerson s perfusion experiments; and (c) Friedman, Waye and Wolf's motility studies. Lieber and his colleagues explored the deleterious effects of alcohol on the function and structure of the small intestine. Gerson explored the nutrition of patients with Crohn's disease of the small intestine, especially after extensive resection or bypass leading to ascorbic and folic acid deficiencies and hypergastrinemia.
Beta 1 C-globulin and synthetic fibrinolytic agents.

SummarySynthetic organic fibrinolytic agents modify on incubation β1C-globulin both in its isolated form and in serum. The compounds suppress complement C' activity of serum. Compounds chemically closely related to the fibrinolytic ones but with no fibrinolytic activity themselves do not affect β1C-globulin or complement C′.
Intra-aortic balloon pumping: two-year experience.

Experience with 29 patients who underwent intra-aortic counterpulsation between January, 1975, and December, 1977, was reviewed to determine (1) if the results of this method of treatment were similar at the community hospital and university hospital levels and (2) if earlier institution of counterpulsation made possible by easy availability of equipment resulted in improved survival. The balloon was successfully inserted in 27 patients. Arterial blood pressure was below 80 mm. Hg in all patients prior to institution of either pharmacologic or balloon therapy. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was greater than 12 mm. Hg in the 22 patients in whom it was measured. In 15 patients counterpulsation was instituted less than 12 hours after infarction (Group A), and in the 14 elapsed time was greater than 12 hours (Group B). There was no difference in precounterpulsation hemodynamic measurements between Group A and Group B. Ten patients in Group A were weaned and survived hospitalization. Seven (54 percent) are long-term survivors (6 months to 2 years). Four are in New York Heart Association Class I, two are in Class II, and one is in Class III. Ten patients in Group B were weaned, seven survived hospitalization, and five are long-term survivors (35 percent). Two are in N.Y.H.A. Class I, two are in Class II, and one is in Class III. These results indicate that counterpulsation is possible at the local hospital level and that early institution of the intra-aortic balloon pumping may improve long-term results.
Exploring characteristics of suspended users and network stability on Twitter

Social media is rapidly becoming a medium of choice for understanding the cultural pulse of a region; e.g. for identifying what the population is concerned with and what kind of help is needed in a crisis. To assess this cultural pulse, it is critical to have an accurate assessment of who is saying what. Unfortunately, social media is also the home of users who engage in disruptive, disingenuous, and potentially illegal activity. A range of users, both human and non-human, carry out such social cyber-attacks. We ask, to what extent does the presence or absence of such users influence our ability to assess the cultural pulse of a region? Our prior research on this topic showed that Twitter-based network structures and content are unstable and can be highly impacted by the removal of suspended users. Because of this, statistical techniques can be established to differentiate potential types of suspended and non-suspended users. In this extended paper, we develop additional experiments to explore the spatial patterns of suspended users, and we further consider how these users affect structural and content concentrations via the development of new metrics and new analyses. We find significant evidence that suspended users exist on the periphery of social networks on Twitter and consequently that removing them has little impact on network structure. We also improve prior attempts to distinguish among different types of suspended users by using a much larger dataset. Finally, we conduct a temporal sentiment analysis to illustrate differences between suspended users and non-suspended users on this dimension.
Classical Discourse and British Imperial Identity: The Nature of Empire

Because classical discourse and imperial discourse overlapped to such an extent — being in many cases created and consumed by the same people — it will come as no surprise that close comparisons between classical antiquity and Britain’s imperial present were as common in the latter as the former. Nor is it surprising to find the same pre-occupation with the present and exploitation in the literature comprising the imperial annex of classical reception studies. No one has done more to advance this perspective in recent years than Vasunia. His recent essay tracing Virgil’s place in British imperial discourse offers an extended and trenchant discussion of the ‘translatio imperii […] at the heart of the comparison between the Roman and British empires’ and in which ‘Rome functioned as a figure of empire… available to those who wished to transfer imperium to themselves and claimed the authority to speak for empire in their own time.’267
Aluminum alkoxide, amide and halide complexes supported by a bulky dipyrromethene ligand: synthesis, characterization, and preliminary ε-caprolactone polymerization activity

Aluminum halide, alkoxide and amide complexes 2–6 of the form (N,N)AlX2−nYn (n = 0, 1 and (N,N) = 1,9-dimesityl-5-phenyldipyrromethene (1)) were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The in situ generated lithium salt of dipyrromethene 1 was reacted with AlX3 to afford aluminum halide complexes (N,N)AlX2 (X = Cl (2), I (3)) which were isolated as dichroic crystals. Salt metathesis reactions were employed to produce alkoxide complexes (N,N)Al(Cl)(OtBu) (4) and (N,N)Al(OtBu)2 (5) from compound 2. The dimethylamide complex (N,N)Al(NMe2)2 (6) was prepared by reaction of dipyrromethene 1 with [Al(NMe2)3]2. Crystallographic data revealed that the dipyrromethene is non-planar when bulky coligands are present as in compounds 3–6, while in the dichloride complex 2 the dipyrromethene is planar. Halide complexes 2 and 3 reacted with adventitious moisture in toluene to afford crystalline acid–base adducts (N,N)H·HX, (X = Cl (7), I (8)), which adopted structures reminiscent of anion receptors. Alkoxide and dimethylamide complexes 5 and 6 were also applied as precatalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone and preliminary results are reported.
Identification and Determination of the Isomeric Bromo- and/or Chloro-Substituted l,3-Dihalo-5,5- Dimethylhydantoins Used in Disinfectants and Molluscicides

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry ( l H NMR) was used to identify and quantitate the 4 isomeric bromo- and/or chloro-substituted 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins in technical-grade materials used to prepare commercial disinfectants and molluscicides. We found that the technical grades of bromo/chloro-substituted 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins are mixtures of the 4 possible isomers, that interconversion among isomers occurs in solution and can be detected by l H NMR, and that isomer interconversion occurs over times greater than those of the NMR timescale.
Electrophysiological evidence for defective fast‐spiking GABAergic neurones in a schizophrenia model

Postmortem studies of schizophrenia have yielded definitive evidence for abnormalities of cortical GABAergic neurons. However, few studies have delineated how the GABA neurons are functionally impaired and how their abnormalities cause symptoms of the illness. Thelin et al. (in this issue) recorded in vivo task-related spike firings of individual neurons in the primary auditory cortex in a mouse model of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome, which is associated with an approximately 10-fold increased risk for developing schizophrenia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Towards Inclusive Trade: How to Unlock the Trade Potential of Emerging Agricultural Enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa's greatest current comparative advantage lies in its agricultural sector. Most of this agricultural production takes place through emerging agricultural enterprises (EAEs) – i.e., fast growing small and medium-sized enterprises. While some EAEs engage in intra-Africa trade, few have managed to sell their various agricultural products in high-value markets, like the European Union or the United States. To help EAEs grow within their own markets and compete in overseas markets, Sidley Austin LLP established in 2012, the Sidley Emerging Enterprises Pro Bono Program. Participants have gained deep understanding of practical trade barriers impeding EAEs' trade. But factors only tangentially related to trade law also constitute key impediments to African exports to high-value markets: for instance, governments' lack of a functioning Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) or Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) regulatory framework, EAEs' inability to comply with higher quality standards in high-value markets, and problems related to negotiation and enforcement of contracts. This paper discusses some of the main market access barriers encountered by Sidley's clients, and practical ways to address these barriers, including through the principles, tools and resources made available by the WTO. It provides a brief overview of the different types of import requirements EAEs must comply with in order to access high-value markets, including tariffs and NTMs such as SPS and TBT requirements. It then highlights ways in which an enterprise can best take advantage of high-value agricultural markets. Finally, it discusses how Sub-Saharan African governments can further facilitate EAEs' ability to bring their products into compliance with food safety and quality standards in high-value markets.
The contribution of de novo lipogenesis to lipid synthesis in sebum in healthy volunteers

Skin is a metabolically active tissue and contains sebaceous glands which synthesize sebum. Sebum is a complex lipid mixture that is excreted on the skin surface and consists of of triacylglycerols...
Teacher Leader Model Standards and the Functions Assumed by National Board Certified Teachers

AbstractThe Teacher Leader Model Standards (TLMS) were created to stimulate discussion around the leadership responsibilities teachers assume in schools. This study used the TLMS to gauge the self-reported leadership responsibilities of National Board Certified Teachers (NBCTs). The NBCTs reported engaging in all domains of the TLMS, most frequently with Domain 1: Fostering a collaborative culture to support educator development and student learning, and least frequently with Domain 7: Advocating for student learning and the profession.
Loss of Siblings through Death

The terminal illness, dying, or death of a sibling can have a profound effect on the surviving siblings in a family, regardless of the age at which it occurs. Although siblings can be lost to one another in other ways, such as adoption, split custody arrangements, or inadvertent separations, only sibling loss through death will be considered in this chapter. Loss of a sibling in childhood is not as common in our society as it is in underdeveloped nations, but nevertheless it does occur in many families. The likelihood of sibling death increases until old age, when the great majority of individuals will have experienced the loss of one or more siblings.
Health Care In The Suburbs: An Analysis Of Suburban Poverty And Health Care Access.

There are 16.9 million Americans living in poverty in the suburbs—more than in cities or rural communities. Despite recent increases in suburban poverty, the perception of the suburbs as areas of u...
PyPhi: A toolbox for integrated information theory.

Integrated information theory provides a mathematical framework to fully characterize the cause-effect structure of a physical system. Here, we introduce PyPhi, a Python software package that implements this framework for causal analysis and unfolds the full cause-effect structure of discrete dynamical systems of binary elements. The software allows users to easily study these structures, serves as an up-to-date reference implementation of the formalisms of integrated information theory, and has been applied in research on complexity, emergence, and certain biological questions. We first provide an overview of the main algorithm and demonstrate PyPhi’s functionality in the course of analyzing an example system, and then describe details of the algorithm’s design and implementation. PyPhi can be installed with Python’s package manager via the command ‘pip install pyphi’ on Linux and macOS systems equipped with Python 3.4 or higher. PyPhi is open-source and licensed under the GPLv3; the source code is hosted on GitHub at https://github.com/wmayner/pyphi. Comprehensive and continually-updated documentation is available at https://pyphi.readthedocs.io. The pyphi-users mailing list can be joined at https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/pyphi-users. A web-based graphical interface to the software is available at http://integratedinformationtheory.org/calculate.html.
Pulse-coupled mixed-mode oscillators: Cluster states and extreme noise sensitivity

Motivated by rhythms in the olfactory system of the brain, we investigate the synchronization of all-to-all pulse-coupled neuronal oscillators exhibiting various types of mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs) composed of sub-threshold oscillations (STOs) and action potentials (“spikes”). We focus particularly on the impact of the delay in the interaction. In the weak-coupling regime, we reduce the system to a Kuramoto-type equation with non-sinusoidal phase coupling and the associated Fokker-Planck equation. Its linear stability analysis identifies the appearance of various cluster states. Their type depends sensitively on the delay and the width of the pulses. Interestingly, long delays do not imply slow population rhythms, and the number of emerging clusters only loosely depends on the number of STOs. Direct simulations of the oscillator equations reveal that for quantitative agreement of the weak-coupling theory the coupling strength and the noise have to be extremely small. Even moderate noise leads to significant skipping of STO cycles, which can enhance the diffusion coefficient in the Fokker-Planck equation by two orders of magnitude. Introducing an effective diffusion coefficient extends the range of agreement significantly. Numerical simulations of the Fokker-Planck equation reveal bistability and solutions with oscillatory order parameters that result from nonlinear mode interactions. These are confirmed in simulations of the full spiking model.
Diversity Modeling to Evaluate Security of Multiple SDN Controllers

Software Defined Networking (SDN) facilitates network orchestration and ability to reconfigure the network plane at run time. Despite ubiquitous adoption of SDN, there is also growing concern about security risks posed by SDN. The security risks stem from centralized controller, trust issues between network elements due to Open APIs and an insecure OpenFlow channel. However, SDN controllers are a common target since compromising SDN controllers has the capability of impairing the entire network. SDN controller protection efforts have centered around replicating controllers for redundancy and hardening host Operating Systems. There is lack of research efforts on the security impact of adopting multiple SDN controllers. In this paper, we present a network diversity modeling framework to assess impact on security risk due to multiple SDN controllers. Using attack graphs and diversity models, we explore the security impact of resource relationships to SDN multiple controller networks. Our results reveal that having similar resource instances in different multiple SDN controllers increases the security risk.
Operational dependency analysis of a human mars architecture based on the SODA methodology

A major challenge to large scale systems engineering is formulation of valid metrics for assessment and option comparison. A system-of-systems (SoS) level assessment based on the Systems Operational Dependency Analysis (SODA) methodology is presented. For this work, a generic human-Mars architecture model is used. The analysis centers on two In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) system variants. The first variant produces all required oxygen, methane, and water for both an ascent vehicle and to support a 4-person crew. The second produces only the oxygen required for the ascent vehicle with all other commodities being transported from Earth. Metrics in the form of “operability” are drawn from the analysis to suggest areas for future development/investment at a programmatic level. Multiple system-specific dependency metrics are combined to formulate the final operability of each system. Given information based on previous studies and industry experts, operability cutoff levels are identified showing where system failures occur. A stochastic model and realistic scenarios are simulated for comparison. Conclusions of this research include identification of sensitive systems within the architecture as well as suggestions for future analysis.
Accuracy analysis of power characterization and modeling

This paper presents a study on accuracy analysis of power models used for high-level power analysis in a chip design. The purpose is to find factors that are not modeled properly or not yet put into consideration. Different methods of characterizing input capacitance, effects of previous input states and input curves are discussed based on the comparisons with SPICE simulation results using 90nm bulk CMOS and 32nm Metal Gate/High-K Predictive Technology Model (PTM) models.
Is Clovis Technology Unique to Clovis

Clovis technology is argued to possess distinctive attributes that make a stone tool assemblage recognizable as Clovis, even absent its hallmark fluted projectile points, or radiometric ages that place the assemblage in the late Pleistocene. Excavations at Goodson Shelter in Oklahoma yielded artifacts bearing unmistakable attributes of Clovis biface and blade technology, such as fluted bifaces, overface flaking, and prismatic blades, all from a clearly-delineated, unmixed stratigraphic layer securely dated to the mid-Holocene. This indicates that those technological attributes are not unique to Clovis, and cannot be used by themselves to identify Clovis age material. To illustrate the consequences of this result, we review biface and blade caches assigned to Clovis by their technology alone. Although many could be Clovis in age, they are not demonstrably so. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of looking at suites of evidence, chronological, technological and otherwise, in assigning ass...
Exploding Offers

A buyer seeks to purchase an asset from a seller who has a finite time T in which to sell his asset. Either the buyer's offer is permanent and remains available until time T, or it is an exploding offer and remains in effect only at the instant it is made. Our goal is to determine when an exploding offer maximizes the buyer's probability of purchasing the asset (at the given offer price). We embed our analysis in a standard continuous time finite horizon search model with recall in which only one buyer is strategic and considers making an exploding offer. Our analysis and examples reveal that the strategic buyer's choice of offer duration is complex: almost anything can occur. We obtain an explicit characterization of the optimal choice when the offer distribution is uniform.
Sustainability and resilience planning for local governments: The quadruple bottom line strategy

With concerns about the environment shaping federal, state, and local governmental policies, public administrators are increasingly being called to account for how government is addressing sustaina...
Geographically accessible immigration support and parenting services and child maltreatment

This study explores how the geographic proximity of immigration support and parenting services affect neighborhood rates of child maltreatment using administrative data from the U.S Census and chil...
Performance Analysis of Radar Eigenwaveform Design Integrated with Pulse Compression Scheme

In this research, we present a novel method to prpocess extended targets with the combination of eigenwaveform and pulse compression. Three different target versions of spinning, un-spinning, and complex are included and analyzed with their return energy scale. It is proven that the frequency band match is the decisive factor toward radar return energy. The hardware limitation of transmit power is also discussed. The eigenwaveform do have disadvantage in transmit power than rectangular waveform. However, the frequency band match is still the decisive factor in various target types comparison. Lastly, the identification probabilities of two versions of probability weighted eigenwaveform and wideband waveform are shown. The pulse compression gain do significantly increase the identification performance and the redundant terms degrade of two eigenwaveform methods deceased.
In situ mixed wh-coordination and the argument/adjunct distinction

One of the most important results of syntactic inquiry has been a detailed empirical and, to some extent, theoretical understanding of the argument/adjunct distinction, which underlies a wide array of superficially different phenomena. Therefore, any phenomena that appear to challenge the argument/adjunct distinction deserve scrutiny. This squib investigates an almost unremarked-upon phenomenon of just that type: apparent in situ mixed wh-coordination (ISMW: Mary ate WHAT and WHEN to impress Sue?!), in which argument and adjunct wh-phrases are apparently coordinated in situ. Two analyses of ISMW are compared: the Wh-Coordination Analysis, on which the conjuncts are the wh-phrases, and the VP-Coordination Analysis, on which the conjuncts are VPs whose head Vs undergo across-the-board head movement to v. The squib argues for the VP-Coordination Analysis on conceptual and empirical grounds. Conceptually, the VP- but not the Wh-Coordination Analysis is compatible with our understanding of the argument/adjunct distinction, and involves an unremarkable derivation that it would take a stipulation to rule out; hence, the VP-Coordination Analysis is preferable. Empirically, the VP- but not the Wh-Coordination Analysis makes several correct predictions: (a) that ISMW should be impossible with obligatorily transitive verbs; (b) that adverbs should be able to follow the first wh-phrase in ISMW that cannot follow it in the left periphery; and (c) that there should be apparent in situ coordination of argument wh-phrases with different θ-roles. That ISMW involves VP-coordination rather than wh-coordination indicates that it in fact does not threaten the argument/adjunct distinction, contrary to initial appearances, a theoretically welcome result.
Making the equivocal unequivocal: standardization of clean margins in diabetic foot osteomyelitis.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise. Diabetic foot ulcers with osteomyelitis are a diabetes-related complication presenting a significant burden to this cohort. A cure to diabetic foot osteomyelitis remains elusive and standard of care has failed to improve outcomes. To advance research and better patient outcomes, the authors offer specific guidance with terminology to enhance operative dictations which may improve surgical practice and guide treatment. A consecutive review of podiatric surgical dictations for inpatient diabetic foot osteomyelitis within a tertiary care facility was performed. Surgical descriptors of bone were standardized: density, anatomic structure, vascular thrombosis, color, and draining sinus. Correlations between the five categories and histopathological results were performed after kappa analysis for interrater reliability was performed. Kappa coefficient demonstrated high inter-reliability of surgical findings. This suggests potential agreement amongst surgeons performing similar procedures. It was also found that specific bone descriptors had moderate to strong correlation with clean histopathologic bone margins when biopsied. This further suggests that the use of standardized terms may help guide definitive therapy. The authors suggest a standardized approach which includes consistent descriptors of intraoperative bone. With use of standardized terms, vague and blanket descriptors are eliminated. This has potential to improve understanding of changes within bone as a result of infection and diabetes. Early and improved communication of intraoperative findings will enhance the multidisciplinary approach. This could potentially lead to changes in diabetic foot management and may limit hospital waste waiting for final cultures and pathology reports.
NONLINEAR ROLLING OF BIASED SHIPS IN REGULAR BEAM WAVES

The method of multiple scales is used to determine a second-order approximate solution for the nonlinear harmonic response of biased ships in regular beam waves. A Floquet analysis is used to predict the stability of steady-state harmonic responses. The perturbation solutions are compared with solutions obtained by numerical integration of the nonlinear governing roll equation.
Proteins containing reductively aminated disaccharides: Synthesis and chemical characterization☆

Abstract Synthetic glycoproteins can be prepared by reductive amination of protein and reducing disaccharide in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. The reaction proceeds readily in aqueous solutions over a broad pH range to give high degrees of substitution. The degree of substitution can be determined by amino acid analysis, as the secondary amine linkage formed by reductive amination in stable to acid-catalyzed protein hydrolysis conditions. In order to demonstrate that coupling occurs to lysine residues, synthetic α- N -1-(1-deoxyglucitol)-lysine and ϵ- N -1-(1-deoxyglucitol)-lysine were prepared and compared with bovine serum albumin conjugates of maltose, cellobiose, lactose, and melibiose by amino acid analysis after acid hydrolysis. These studies demonstrate that the expected secondary amine linkages are formed with the ϵ-amino groups of lysine.
A Brief and Personal History of Post Qualitative Research: Toward “Post Inquiry”

In this paper, the author explains her difficulty with the disconnect between the concepts and practices of “conventional humanist qualitative methodology” and postmodern and poststructural theories, especially the disconnect between their ontologies. She describes her own history as an academic researcher who studied humanist qualitative methodology and post theories simultaneously but separately, illustrating the too-common separation of qualitative methodology from the epistemology and ontology with which it is entangled. She encourages scholars to actually use the ontological critiques offered by the “posts” and to engage the new empiricisms of the ontological turn, perhaps using futural concepts as methods in post qualitative inquiry or “post inquiry.”
Urinary conduit in pelvic cancer patients. A report of 16 years' experience.

Abstract The records of 246 gynecologic cancer patients who received urinary conduit diversions at the M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute between the years of 1954 and 1969 were reviewed. Indications for diversion were for treatment of pelvic malignancy and treatment of urologic complications of cancer therapy. Postoperative and urologic complications in the short- and long-term follow-up periods were evaluated and related to multiple preoperative factors. In critically analyzing these data, an attempt was made to answer the following questions: Do patients benefit from urinary diversion? Does significant harm come to patients with conduit diversion?
Survey Control for Concrete Dam Construction

The development of survey controls for Morrow Point Dam, a double-curvature, concrete-arch structure, 465 ft in height, was required through the phases of reconnaissance, site investigation, and preconstruction to satisfy the specific needs of the designer, and to fit the rough terrain. Statistics for the dam and power plant are given. Procedures and equipment used in establishing a modified second-order triangulation scheme and a first-order level net are explained. The method used in adjusting the triangulation scheme is presented. Planning survey controls to encompass specific structures was completed early in the construction phase. A description of survey procedures to bring accurate control into the blocks of the dam for each 7-1/2-ft placement-lift is given. Methods devised and equipment used in establishing vertical control in each keyway are described. A brief evaluation of planning field surveys to utilize modern electronic computing equipment is presented.
Rational coordination of crowdsourced resources for geo-temporal request satisfaction

Existing mobile devices roaming around the mobility field should be considered as useful resources in geotemporal request satisfaction. We refer to the capability of an application to access a physical device at particular geographical locations and times as Geo-Presence, and we presume that mobile agents participating in geo-presence-capable applications should be rational, competitive, and willing to deviate from their routes if given the right incentive. In this paper, we define the Hitchhiking problem, which is that of finding the optimal assignment of requests with specific spatio-temporal characteristics to competitive mobile agents subject to spatio-temporal constraints. We design a mechanism that takes into consideration the rationality of the agents for request satisfaction, with an objective to maximize the total profit of the system. We analytically prove the mechanism to be convergent with a profit comparable to that of a 1/2-approximation greedy algorithm, and evaluate its consideration of rationality experimentally.
Input price uncertainty and the production-location decision: A Critique and Synthesis

Abstract This paper compares the recent work of Hsu and Mai with other recently published and soon to be published work incorporating input price uncertainty in production-location problems. It also clarifies, strengthens, and corrects some results contained in recently published papers.
A Framework for Strategic Sustainability in Organizations: A Three Pronged Approach

Sustainability has become an increasingly important strategic concept for organizations. The idea of sustainability is also starting to become ingrained in various managerial and organizational decisions. Sustainability in an organization is defined by its commitment to economic factors, environmental factors, and factors of social commitment in a firm. A framework is used to develop a strategic or long-term justification for the concept of sustainability. Also, this study attempts to extend the concept of sustainability and decision making to a global business environment. This study proposes a mission-driven management methodological framework that acts as a base for decision-making using the concept of international strategic sustainability. This contribution includes investigating the design and development of strategic sustainability and combining the relationships of organizational decision-making to economic, environmental, and social sustainability outcomes.
Tightness bounds for strongly mixing random sequences

For a given strictly stationary, strongly mixing random sequence for which the distributions of the partial sums are tight, certain "tightness bounds" exist which depend only on the marginal distribution and the mixing rate.
Multi-access protocol for voice/data integration on a twin-bus local area network

The twin-bus architecture for voice/data integration is discussed and a hybrid protocol for the data bus that combines CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision detection) and announcement reservation schemes is proposed. To improve the performance on data bus, part of the bandwidth on the voice bus is used as the control subchannel for announcement reservation on the data bus. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid protocol outperforms both CSMA/CD and the announcement reservation scheme in all cases. Since announcement reservation has good performance when traffic load is heavy, the combined protocol becomes efficient for both light and heavy loads. >
Improved ELISA conditions for detection of plant viruses.

Abstract Clover yellow vein virus (CYVV) and homologous antisera were used to test effects of time and temperature on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in polystyrene substrate plates. Replicated lattice square and Youden square experimental designs were used to measure and account for variation in absorption values associated with sample position within polystyrene plates. Adsorption of coating antibody to polystyrene was relatively rapid, reaching optimum assay efficiency in 1 h at 5°C when applied at 2.5 μg/ml. Binding of antigen and enzyme-linked antibody (conjugate) in their respective steps during ELISA was also rapid. Incubation of antigen and conjugate for 2 h each was adequate to enable detection of 20 ng CYVV in a 100 μl sample, but longer incubation of either reactant improved results. At this virus concentration, reduction in antigen incubation time by one-half could be compensated by doubling the conjugate incubation time and vice versa. Incubation of conjugates at 5°C rather than 30°C increased final ELISA readings ( A 400nm ) more than two-fold. Substrate hydrolysis followed classic first order kinetics at room temperature. Greater efficiency of late antisera in ELISA was demonstrated by comparison of antisera produced relatively early and late during a rabbit's immune response. Alfalfa mosaic virus and peanut stunt virus with their homologous antisera were used to test the effects of antigen and conjugate incubation times for optimum assay efficiency. The results of these time course experiments with both viruses were similar to those obtained with CYVV. These time and temperature effects on ELISA should be applicable to most rabbit serum-virus combinations.
Substrate discrimination by larvae of the sessile rotifer Ptygura beauchampi Edmondson

SUMMARY. In an acid bog pond, the sessile rotifer Ptygura beauchampi was limited to the trap door areas of one of three distinct prey capturing organs of the carnivorous hydrophyte Utricularia vulgaris; four other co-occurring congeneric species (U. gibba, inflata var. minor, intermedia, and purpurea) were not colonized. This pattern was not the result of differential capture of larvae by the prey traps. Laboratory settling experiments demonstrated that P. beauchampi larvae select this particular substrate to the exclusion of all others. This selectivity was independent of the presence of captured prey organisms in the traps. P. beauchampi larvae select younger vestibules (trap door areas) over older ones. Observations of natural populations showed denser colonization of those slightly bigger traps closer to the plant stem. However, no relation was found between vestibular area and adult rotifer density. Selectivity for traps more proximal to the plant system was not demonstrated. In natural populations a distinct distribution of adults within the vestibule was noted. This pattern was statistically different from sites which the larvae colonize in laboratory experiments. Adult distribution is probably a modification of the larval settling pattern by site-dependent survivorship of adults. Larval settling experiments showed that larvae select uncolonized vestibules over those previously colonized of approximately equal age. Settling outside the vestibule area was highest on traps closest to the plant stem and was related to the density of adults colonizing the vestibule. The adaptive significance of larval selection of a particular substrate is discussed.
Relationship of the Subtropical Jet Stream to Severe Local Storms

Abstract A series of five histories illustrates the apparent effect of the subtropical jet stream on severe local storms. In these cases, the polar and subtropical jet streams are in a different configuration to the east of an advancing trough. Severe storms, particularly tornadoes, are shown to occur between the jet streams and ahead of the surface front. The central observation is that the growth of vigorous squall lines and severe weather are sharply inhibited at and to the south of the subtropical jet. Thunderstorms do occur south of the subtropical jet but rarely produce severe weather in this synoptic configuration. Speculations are presented which suggest how the subtropical jet might influence divergence, stability and even surface heating to contribute to an environment favorable for severe atoms to the north but unfavorable to the south of the jet axis.
An inhibitor of murine stem cell proliferation produced by normal human bone marrow.

Abstract Media conditioned by normal human bone marrow cells contain a specific inhibitor of haemopoietic stem cell proliferation. Molecular ultrafiltration and dose response studies indicate that it is similar to a previously described factor obtained from freshly isolated or long-term cultured murine bone marrow cells. It is suggested that the mechanisms involved in the control of murine and human stem cell proliferation may be essentially identical.
A note on a quick-detection problem

The random variables Xi, i = 1, 2, ..., K, are observed sequentially. The distribution of Xi changes at an unknown point i = J. A statistical procedure is developed that announces the change with minimum average delay, subject to a prescribed false-alarm probability. Two suboptimal procedures are mentioned, and a numerical example is given.
Sexuality and latchkey children

We became friendly, at first just over the games. But eventually it got serious. He started coming over to my house. My mother wasn't home and it was, you know, easy. One day he slipped his hand inside my blouse. It felt good and bad at the same time. I didn't know whether to take it out or leave it there, so I left it. Then one day he unbuttoned my shirt. It felt sinful. Scary. The next time he came over, he took my shirt off right away and eventually started to take down my pants. I told him to stop, thinking all the time what I would do if he didn't. He did. (Long & Long, 1983)
Postnatal phencyclidine treatment differentially regulates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit mRNA expression in developing rat cerebral cortex

The present study was designed to determine the effects of chronic neonatal exposure to the NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) on [3H]MK-801 binding and on gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits in juvenile male rats. Rat pups were injected daily with PCP from day 5 to 15 and killed on day 21. [3H]MK-801 binding was measured by quantitative autoradiography. A sensitive RNase protection assay was employed to determine simultaneously the mRNA levels of NR1 subunit (comprising all different splice variants) and three NR2 subunits (NR2A-NR2C). The relative distribution profile of NMDA receptor subunits in the cerebral cortex was NR2B > NR1 > NR2A > NR2C and in the cerebellum NR2C = NR1 > NR2A = NR2B. Chronic PCP administration in postnatal rats produced significant reduction in both [3H]MK-801 binding and mRNA level of the NR2B subunit in the cerebral cortex. Expression of the other NMDA receptor subunits in the cerebral cortex did not change following the drug treatment. In the cerebellum, neither [3H]MK-801 binding nor any of the NMDA receptor subunit expression levels showed any alteration. Together, these data provide a molecular correlate for chronic postnatal PCP-induced down-regulation of [3H]MK-801 binding in rat cerebral cortex and suggest that the NR2B subunit plays an important role in developmental plasticity.
Comparison of Nitinol Stapes Pistons with Conventional Stapes Pistons: A Cadaver Study

Objective. To visually compare the Nitinol “smart” stapes prosthesis to conventional manual crimping stapes pistons in temporal bone cadaver specimens. Main Outcome Measures. 10 otolaryngologists were given a photograph of the randomly ordered stapes pistons and asked to use the pictures to answer questions about each stapes piston. The answers to the survey were then recorded for analysis. Results. 8 of 9 Nitinol pistons were described as circular, and 3 of 9 manual crimped pistons were described as circular (𝑃 66% of the incus and 3 of 9 to be in contact with 34–66% of the incus. 3 of 9 manually crimped pistons were considered to be in contact with >66% of the incus, 3 with 34–66% contact and 3 with less than 34% contact. Conclusions. The Nitinol “smart” stapes pistons were considered to provide a more circular and circumferential crimping and to have greater contact with the long process of the incus than conventional stapes pistons.