cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome and proteome dynamics of cervical remodeling in the mouse during pregnancy

During gestation, the female reproductive tract must maintain pregnancy while concurrently preparing for parturition. Here, we explore the transitions in gene expression and protein turnover (fractional synthesis rates [FSR]) by which the cervix implements a transition from rigid to compliant. Shifts in gene transcription to achieve immune tolerance and alter epithelial cell programs begin in early pregnancy. Subsequently, in mid-to-late pregnancy transcriptional programs emerge that promote structural reorganization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Stable isotope labeling revealed a striking slowdown of overall FSRs across the proteome on gestation day 6 that reverses in mid-to-late pregnancy. An exception was soluble fibrillar collagens and proteins of collagen assembly, which exhibit high turnover in nonpregnant cervix compared with other tissues and FSRs that continue throughout pregnancy. This finding provides a mechanism to explain how cross-linked collagen is replaced by newly synthesized, less cross-linked collagens, which allows increased tissue compliance during parturition. The rapid transition requires a reservoir of newly synthesized, less cross-linked collagens, which is assured by the high FSR of soluble collagens in the cervix. These findings suggest a previously unrecognized form of “metabolic flexibility” for ECM in the cervix that underlies rapid transformation in compliance to allow parturition. Summary sentence Flux proteomics identify a steady reservoir of newly synthesized fibrillar collagens in the pregnant cervix, which in conjunction with pregnancy-specific transcriptional programs ensure increased cervical compliance during the process of birth. Graphical Abstract
ACHyb: a hybrid analysis approach to detect kernel access control vulnerabilities

Access control is essential for the Operating System (OS) security. Incorrect implementation of access control can introduce new attack surfaces to the OS, known as Kernel Access Control Vulnerabilities (KACVs). To understand KACVs, we conduct our study on the root causes and the security impacts of KACVs. Regarding the complexity of the recognized root causes, we particularly focus on two kinds of KACVs, namely KACV-M (due to missing permission checks) and KACV-I (due to misusing permission checks). We find that over 60% of these KACVs are of critical, high or medium security severity, resulting in a variety of security threats including bypass security checking, privileged escalation, etc. However, existing approaches can only detect KACV-M. The state-of-the-art KACV-M detector called PeX is a static analysis tool, which still suffers from extremely high false-positive rates. In this paper, we present ACHyb, a precise and scalable approach to reveal both KACV-M and KACV-I. ACHyb is a hybrid approach, which first applies static analysis to identify the potentially vulnerable paths and then applies dynamic analysis to further reduce the false positives of the paths. For the static analysis, ACHyb improves PeX in both the precision and the soundness, using the interface analysis, callsite dependence analysis and constraint-based invariant analysis with a stronger access control invariant. For the dynamic analysis, ACHyb utilizes the greybox fuzzing to identify the potential KACVs. In order to improve the fuzzing efficiency, ACHyb adopts our novel clustering-based seed distillation approach to generate high-quality seed programs. Our experimental results show that ACHyb reveals 76 potential KACVs in less than 8 hours and 22 of them are KACVs (19 KACV-M and 3 KACV-I). In contrast, PeX reveals 2,088 potential KACVs in more than 11 hours, and only 14 of them are KACVs (all KACV-M). Furthermore, ACHyb successfully uncovers 7 new KACVs, and 2 of them (1 KACV-M and 1 KACV-I) have been confirmed by kernel developers.
Intravenous and Intramuscular Allopregnanolone for Early Treatment of Status Epilepticus: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety in Dogs.

Allopregnanolone (ALLO) is a neurosteroid that modulates synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. We hypothesize that ALLO may be useful as first-line treatment for status epilepticus (SE). Our objectives were to 1) characterize ALLO pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration and 2) compare IV and IM ALLO safety and tolerability. Three healthy dogs and two with a history of epilepsy were used. Single ALLO IV doses ranging from 1-6 mg/kg were infused over 5 min or injected IM. Blood samples, vital signs, and sedation assessment were collected up to 8 hours post-dose. Intracranial EEG (iEEG) was continuously recorded in one dog. IV ALLO exhibited dose-proportional increases in exposure, which were associated with an increase in absolute power spectral density in all iEEG frequency bands. This relationship was best described by an indirect link PK-PD model where concentration-response was described by a sigmoidal Emax equation. Adverse events included site injection pain with higher IM volumes and ataxia and sedation associated with higher doses. IM administration exhibited incomplete absorption and volume-dependent bioavailability. Robust iEEG changes following IM administration were not observed. Based on PK/PD simulations, a 2 mg/kg dose infused over 5 minutes is predicted to achieve plasma concentrations above the EC50, but below those associated with heavy sedation. This study demonstrates that ALLO is safe and well tolerated when administered at 1-4 mg/kg IV and up to 2 mg/kg IM. The rapid onset of effect following IV infusion suggests that ALLO may be useful in the early treatment of SE. Significance Statement The characterization of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of allopregnanolone is essential in order to design clinical studies evaluating its effectiveness as an early treatment for status epilepticus in dogs and people. We have proposed a target dose/therapeutic range for a clinical trial in canine status epilepticus.
A New Route to the Turnpike

There has recently appeared a genuine alternative to the method of Liapounov functions in proving turnpike theorems for optimal growth programs. The new approach achieves global results without appealing to the method of value loss. Instead the problem is imbedded in a Banach space and the results come from an application of an implicit function theorem. This method is due to Araujo and Scheinkman [1977]. Our purpose here is to indicate how the approach can be extended to models of growth with time dependent utility functions and, at the same time, strengthened to give exponential convergence.1)
Plume Rise Predictions

Anyone involved with diffusion calculations becomes well aware of the strong dependence of maximum ground concentrations on the “effective stack height,” he. For most conditions χmax is approximately proportional to he−2, as has been recognized at least since 1936 (Bosanquet and Pearson). Making allowance for the gradual decrease in the ratio of vertical to lateral diffusion at increasing heights, the exponent is slightly larger, say χmax~ he−2.3. In inversion breakup fumigation, the exponent issomewhat smaller; very crudely, χmax~ he−1.5 In any case, for an elevated emission the dependence of χmax on he is substantial.
Maintaining professional competence in innovation organizations

Public organizations involved in planning and implementation of developmental activity, education, research and development, as well as private firms delivering professional services and operating in a rapidly changing socio-economic environment are often concerned mainly with innovation, problem-solving and learning rather than with the production of any tangible outputs. The income streams of such organizations also often stem from environmental support rather than from a sale of widgets. Sustaining developmental activity in part requires maintaining such organizations at a high level of productivity, which calls for special design considerations that this paper attempts to delineate. A formal model of the production, knowledge acquisition and governance functions of an innovation organization is developed and experimented with through computer simulation using the heuristical approach of system dynamics. The analysis suggests that professional competence in organizations may atrophy, eventually leading to their demise, due to the development of a governance system that is largely driven by manifest authority, unless a concerted effort is made to preserve collegial decision roles. In terms of organizational design, this translates into considering constituents other than those used normally for creating mechanistic and organic components of organizational structure. Since professional competence often emanates from collegial rather than manifest processes, an important aspect of the design is to sustain collegial roles. Since collegial roles are undefined, their maintenance calls for placing constraints on manifest roles with prolific expansion potential. A promising design constituent for sustaining an appropriate governance system for an innovation organization appears to be a chartering process that should create an organizational magna carta clearly stating the limitations of the manifest roles. Other possible entry points into the system, albeit external, include bringing in leadership perspectives and linking with market forces that should allow the curtailment of prolific expansion of manifest roles.
Developmental expression of bovine adrenocortical steroid hydroxylases. Regulation of P-450(17 alpha) expression leads to episodic fetal cortisol production.

The developmental expression of adrenocortical steroid hydroxylases was studied in bovine fetuses from 40 to 280 days gestational age. The expression of P-450(17 alpha) is first detected at a gestational age of 50 days and reaches a maximum at 60-70 days. The expression of P-450(17 alpha) then declines and is nondetectable at a gestational age of 100 days. P-450(17 alpha) is not expressed again until about 240 days, i.e. shortly before birth (approximately 280 days). P-450scc, P-450c21, P-450(11 beta) and adrenodoxin were present in fetal adrenals throughout gestation. This "on-off-on" pattern of P-450(17 alpha) expression during fetal development was associated with a corresponding episodic production of cortisol. Immunoreactive corticotropin (ACTH) levels in fetal plasma were elevated in small fetuses (corresponding to less than or equal to 100 days) and in near-term fetuses (corresponding to greater than 250 days) compared with those in mid-gestation fetuses. In primary culture, adrenal cells from mid-gestation fetuses contained no detectable P-450(17 alpha) but rapidly responded to ACTH with an increase in P-450(17 alpha) protein and mRNA. The tissue specificity of the developmental patterns is emphasized by the fact that both P-450(17 alpha) and P-450scc were detectable throughout the development of the fetal testes, whereas only P-450scc was detectable in fetal bovine ovary prior to 200 days. Thus, in fetal bovine adrenal it appears that ACTH is the major regulatory factor effecting the intermittent presence of P-450(17 alpha), whereas the presence of the other steroid hydroxylases is either regulated by additional factors or shows a much different sensitivity to ACTH.
Metrics and topology for nonlinear and hybrid systems

This paper presents an approach to defining distances between nonlinear and hybrid dynamical systems based on formal power series theory. The main idea is that the input-output behavior of a wide range of dynamical systems can be encoded by rational formal power series. Hence, a natural distance between dynamical systems is the distance between the formal power series encoding their input-output behavior. The paper proposes several computable distances for rational formal power series and discusses the application of such distances to various classes of nonlinear and hybrid systems. In particular, the paper presents a detailed discussion of distances for stochastic jump-linear systems.
Nuclear Electric Propulsion Technology panel findings and recommendations

Summarized in this paper are the findings and recommendations of a triagency (NASA/DOE/DOD) panel on Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) Technology. NEP has been identified as a candidate nuclear propulsion technology for exploration of the Moon and Mars as part of the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI). The findings are stated in the areas of system and subsystem considerations, technology readiness, and ground test facilities. Recommendations made by the panel are summarized concerning (1) existing space nuclear power and propulsion programs and (2) the proposed multiagency NEP technology development program.
Health, Education, Advocacy, and Law: An Innovative Approach to Improving Outcomes for Low‐Income Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Advocates and attorneys working in medical-legal partnerships in the United States have become essential members of a multidis- ciplinary team that educates healthcare professionals on the rights of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and represents families when appropriate services to which they are legally entitled are denied. This program description presents an innovative program in which advocates and attorneys work closely with healthcare professionals in a pediatric setting to improve implementation of clinical recommendations and outcomes for low-income children with intellectual and developmental disabili- ties. Since its creation in 2005, Project HEAL (Health, Education, Advocacy, and Law) has provided advocacy and legal services to 1,750 low-income families and children with disabilities facing discrimination and challenges accessing programs and services criti- cal to health, education, and psychosocial functioning. Client satisfaction surveys indicate that families who receive representation are highly satisfied with the outcome of their children's cases, and healthcare professionals report that their patients and families are better able to access complex service systems with assistance from Project HEAL. The innovative practice of incorporating advocacy and legal services directly into a clinical setting provides better outcomes for children with intellectual and developmental disabili- ties who might not otherwise have access to critically needed services. Involvement of skilled advocates and attorneys facilitates implementation of the comprehensive clinical recommendations necessary for the well-being of children with disabilities.
Continuous chloroprocaine infusion for thoracic and caudal epidurals as a postoperative analgesia modality in neonates, infants, and children.

Summary Background Neonates and infants have decreased metabolic capacity for amide local anesthetics and increased risk of local anesthetic toxicity compared to the general population. Chloroprocaine is an ester local anesthetic that has an extremely short plasma half-life in infants as well as adults. Existing reports support the safety and efficacy of continuous chloroprocaine epidural infusions in neonates and young infants during the intraoperative period. Despite this, continuous chloroprocaine epidural infusion may be an under-utilized method of postoperative analgesia for this patient population. In particular, it may improve pain control in neonates and infants with incisions stretching many dermatomes or those with hepatic impairment. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our experience over 4 years with continuous chloroprocaine epidural infusions in neonates, infants, and children with a focus on the postoperative management of pain. Results Twenty-one pediatric patients received continuous 2-chloroprocaine epidural infusions for postoperative pain management from January 2010 to April 2014 for thoracic, abdominal, and limb procedures. The epidural infusion consisted of 1.5% chloroprocaine or 1.5% chloroprocaine with fentanyl. Tabulating the morphine and hydromorphone used for rescue analgesia, the median (interquartile range) opioid consumption (mg·kg−1·day−1 of intravenous morphine equivalents) for the first, second, and third 24-h postoperative periods were 0.02 (0–0.48), 0.30 (0–0.44), and 0.14 (0–0.29), respectively. Examining the total fentanyl usage, the median (interquartile range) fentanyl consumption (μg·kg−1·day−1) for first, second, and third 24-h postoperative periods were 3.89 (0.41–7.24), 0 (0.00–4.06), and 0 (0.00–0.51), respectively. The median N-PASS score assessed every 6 h from 0 to 72 h postoperatively was 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, and 0, respectively. The median FLACC score assessed every 6 h from 0 to 72 h postoperatively was 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, and 0, respectively. Conclusion The results suggest that chloroprocaine offers an efficacious alternative to the amide local anesthetics for postoperative epidural analgesia in the pediatric population.
Effect of Trimethoprim on Macromolecular Synthesis in Escherichia coli

Trimethoprim is a specific inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. When added to amino acid supplemented cultures of Escherichia coli, protein, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis are rapidly inhibited. It is shown that thymidylate and purine synthesis must continuously occur if the inhibition is to be maintained. These results are interpreted as demonstrating that in vivo trimethoprim can reduce but not totally inhibit the action of dihydrofolate reductase and therefore reduce the amount of tetrahydrofolate derivatives available for formylmethionyl transfer RNA formylation, purine, and thymidylate synthesis.
Diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiating benign from malignant skull lesions and correlation with cell density.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and cell density for differentiating benign from malignant skull lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective review was performed. Minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured and normalized to white matter, which we refer to as ???normalized ADC,??? in 24 skull lesions (12 malignant and 12 benign) in 18 patients. In addition, cell densities were measured in 15 cases and correlated with ADC values. RESULTS. The average minimum ADC in malignant tumors was 0.70 ?? 10???3 mm2/s versus 1.11 ?? 10???3 mm2/s in benign tumors (p = 0.0037). Similarly, the average normalized ADC for malignant tumors was 1.03, whereas the average normalized ADC for benign tumors was 1.65 (p = 0.0012). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded optimal normalized ADC and ADC thresholds of 1.23 (accuracy, 84.6%; sensitivity, 75.0%; specificity, 92.3%) and 1.01 ?? 10???3 mm2/s (accuracy, 83.7%; ...
Inner-city women and AIDS: the psycho-social benefits of unsafe sex

The paper describes and analyzes findings from a larger study of the links between low levels of condom use and impoverished, urban, African-American women's experiences and understandings of heterosexual relationships. The research identifies and explores psycho-social barriers to safer-sex. This article examines, in detail, HIV/AIDS risk denial and women's strategic use of unsafe (condomless) sex and “monogamy narratives” to build and to maintain this denial. The tendency to view urban African-American women's conjugal affiliations as instrumental is questioned.
Deactivated sintering by particle coating: The significance of static and dynamic surface phenomena

Abstract The suppression of bonding of micron-sized host particles due to the application of heat at temperatures below their melting point (deactivated sintering) when coated with submicron guest particles is theoretically predicted and confirmed by experiments. It was possible to preserve individual particles of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at 150 °C, about 45 °C above the minimum sintering temperature (MST) of the uncoated particles, and individual glass beads at 750 °C, about 175 °C above the minimum sintering temperature of the uncoated glass beads, by applying a surface coating of silicon carbide. A dense monolayer of submicron particles coated onto the surfaces of much larger host particles prevents contact of their surfaces (host–host contact) and suppress the dilation of their mobile surfaces. At the temperature at which the host particle material starts to flow, the coated particles behave as solid colloid particles sitting on the surface of a liquid. If the adhesion energy at the interface between the host and guest particles is not small in comparison to the cohesion energy, i.e., when the contact angle is not very large, the decrease in bonding energy due to the coating is small and sintering deactivation is weak. If the contact angle is very large, i.e., the work of adhesion is very small compared to the work of cohesion, the decrease in bonding energy is large resulting in appreciable sintering deactivation. This deactivation is only temporary, however, because of the forced intrusion of the host fluid into the pores of the coating layer (CL). This process is similar to the intrusion of mercury, which occurs in mercury porosimetry. Models for the intrusion dynamics are developed for both a dense coating monolayer and polylayers with account for different pore size distributions.
Ranolazine, a Novel Agent for Chronic Stable Angina

One of the first signs of ischemic heart disease may manifest as chronic stable angina, a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand. With more than approximately 16.5 million people each year having stable angina, development of new therapies to help control this disease state are warranted. Ranolazine, a novel agent exerting its effect through a partial fatty oxidase inhibitor, is one of the first new drugs in more than 20 years to be developed for chronic stable angina. Working through enzymatic modulation, instead of altering myocardial hemodynamics, ranolazine appears to be effective. An overview of chronic stable angina is provided, the American College of Cardiology-American Heart Association (ACC-AHA) current pharmacologic treatment guidelines are reviewed, and the mechanism of action of ranolazine is explored. Finally, the major clinical trials supporting its place in medical therapy are discussed. Additional clinical trials are under way to further elucidate ranolazine's exact role in the treatment of chronic stable angina. From results of the existing phase III clinical trials, however, the most beneficial potential role of ranolazine in the treatment algorithm of chronic stable angina appears to be as adjunctive therapy to the recommended ACC-AHA treatment modalities.
Structure and Mechanism of Receptor Sharing by the IL-10R2 Common Chain

IL-10R2 is a shared cell surface receptor required for the activation of five class 2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-22, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29) that play critical roles in host defense. To define the molecular mechanisms that regulate its promiscuous binding, we have determined the crystal structure of the IL-10R2 ectodomain at 2.14 A resolution. IL-10R2 residues required for binding were identified by alanine scanning and used to derive computational models of IL-10/IL-10R1/IL-10R2 and IL-22/IL-22R1/IL-10R2 ternary complexes. The models reveal a conserved binding epitope that is surrounded by two clefts that accommodate the structural and chemical diversity of the cytokines. These results provide a structural framework for interpreting IL-10R2 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human disease.
Vocal output in preterm infants.

Data on vocal output of 51 preterm infants and 16 term infants were obtained during naturalistic home observations ast 1, 3, and 8 months; during the administration of a preference-for-novelty paradigm in the laboratory at 8 months; and by the administration of the Gesell Developmental Schedules at 9 months. Preterm and term infant groups were found to show both similarities and differences: both groups vocalized a similar amount in the preference-for-novelty situation; both groups earned similar scores on the language subtest of the Gesell; both groups increased and percentage of awake time they spent in nondistress vocalization from 1 to 8 months. Term infants showed an earlier increase than did preterm infants: term infants significantly increased during the 1–3-month period, whereas preterm infants only increased significantly during the 3–8-month period. The developmental differences suggest a link between vocal output and perinatal conditions in that caregiver behavior was not found to be different among groups. Within the preterm groups, some relationships were found between vocal output and later test performance: infants who vocalized more during mutual gazing with the mother earned significantly higher scores on the language subtest of the Gesell.
PQ Benchmarking in the Age of the Smart Grid

This paper presents the need for improved PQ benchmarking in advance of the changes portended by the so-called Smart Grid as well as from new and changing loads. It also presents a summary of the key phenomena to be studied and a basic approach for summarizing these phenomena.
Long-term outcome of biliary reconstruction for bile duct injuries from laparoscopic cholecystectomies.

Background Major bile duct injuries remain a potentially devastating complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent a biliary-enteric reconstruction of a biliary injury to assess their long-term outcome. Methods Retrospective review of bile duct injury database from January 1990 to December 2005. Results A total of 144 patients were treated for bile duct injury, and 84 (58%) required a biliary-enteric reconstruction. Stratification by Bismuth-Strasberg injury level revealed E1 or E2 in 23, E3 in 33, E4 in 17, E5 in 1, and B+C in 10. Forty-four (52%) were operated within 7 days of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the remainder operated at a median of 79 days after referral. Early or late mortality occurred in 3 (4%). At a mean follow-up of 67 months, 9 patients (11%) developed a biliary stricture presented at a median of 13 months after bile duct repair. Level of injury was very important in predicting a postoperative biliary stricture: E4 (35%) versus E3 (9%; P = .023), and E4 versus E1, E2 B+C (0%; P = .001). More strictures occurred in patients operated within 7 days of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (19%) versus delayed repair (8%; P = .053). Overall, 90% of patients are alive and nonstented; 5 patients have chronic liver disease (1 on the waiting list for liver transplant). Nonbiliary complications occurred in 15 patients; the total morbidity was 40%. Conclusions Bile duct injuries that require a biliary-enteric repair are commonly associated with long-term complications. Level of injury and likely timing of repair predict risk of postoperative stricture.
The Gordon research conference on hydrocarbons and the atmosphere: a great event of science in italy

From Sunday 2 to Friday 7 of May 2004 has been held at il Ciocco, near Barga (Lucca), the 3rd Gordon Research Conference on Biogenic Hydrocarbons and the Atmosphere. It is the first time that such prestigious event in science has been held in Italy. More than 100 participants from all over the world have attended to this Conference (see the photograph). About half of them, were young scientists who have exposed for the first time their work by oral presentations and posters to an international audience. The aim of this and the former Conferences, held in Ventura (U.S.A.) and Oxford (U.K.), was to stimulate discussions and reflections on the mechanisms of production, emission, reaction, transport and deposition of organic compounds emitted from all biogenic sources over the earth. It was organized in 1 hour oral presentations summarizing the present knowledge on selected topics and short oral and poster presentations outlining the innovative aspects of ongoing research through the world. Critical discussions were stimulated by discussion leaders having a specific experience on each one of the selected topics. A unique aspect of the Gordon Research Conferences is that any type of input can be submitted and discussed through a “brain-storm” procedure free from prejudices and formalities. Particularly welcome are interpretations and new theories on laboratory and field data that are going to be submitted for publication. Intense discussions have been made during this Conference on the biochemistry of isoprenoids in plants, the extent of atmospheric reactions leading to photochemical pollution and the ecological role played by isoprenoids in driving plant-insect interactions. Particularly numerous and qualified has been the participation of old and senior Italian scientists. We are particularly indebted to the chairs of this Conference, Dr. Francesco Loreto from Italy and Dr. Alex Guenther from the U.S.A., who have selected our country for this event and to Prof. Thomas Sharkey who first proposed and made it possible the use of Gordon Research Conferences for discussing the role of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. We are also indebted to the Gordon Society, the US-EPA, the National Science Foundation, the BMBF and the European Commission that have provided funds for this event through the ACCENT , VOCBAS and ISONET. All participants are looking forward to reconvene in 2006 in the U.S.A., where the next Conference will be held.
An overview of the astrophysics data system

The Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is a distributed data system that provides access to astronomical data and literature information. The data are stored at different data centers. They are searched and retrieved by the users in real time over the Internet The ADS provides access to about 300 catalogs and 4 data archives. In addition about 160,000 abstracts from the astronomical literature can be searched. Besides the data access the ADS provides services such as plotting and image display tools, coordinate conversion tools and table manipulation capabilities. The ADS is available for free to users interested in astronomical data worldwide. Currently there are no restrictions to accessing any of the data in the ADS.
Dieldrin exposure and vigilance behavior in sheep

Sheep exposed to a daily oral dose of 20 mg dieldrin per kg body weight exhibited a large decrement in the performance of a vigilance task. Three of four sheep recovered their preexposure response levels within 10 days following the termination of exposure. Reexposure of these three animals to 5 mg dieldrin per kg body weight also resulted in a response decrement.
Anomalous spectral and yield features of Auger emission from symmetric molecules

Proton-induced sulfur $\mathrm{LMM}$ and carbon $\mathrm{KLL}$ Auger yields from S${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$, C${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$, and C${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$ gaseous targets are found to be substantially reduced from the corresponding yields observed using ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$S, S${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and C${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$. Speculations about the observed dependence on chemical species include inelastic scattering of the Auger electron during its transit out of the molecule and double Auger emission to the continuum.
Reduced incidence of breast cancer in women adherent to testosterone or testosterone-anastrozole hormone therapy: updated interim analysis

w w .p os te rs es si on .c om www.postersession.com A 10-year prospective IRB study, approved March of 2008, was designed to follow pre and postmenopausal women with symptoms of hormone deficiency, treated with testosterone (T) or testosterone combined with anastrozole (T + A) subcutaneous implants for the occurrence of breast cancer (BCA). In January 2015, an 82-month interim analysis was performed in patients who remained adherent to therapy, updating a previous 5-year analysis, which showed a reduced incidence of BCA in women on T therapy in the intent to treat group and more-so in patients adherent to T therapy compared to age-matched controls, historical controls and age-matched Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) incidence rates1.
Are Students With Asthma at Increased Risk for Being a Victim of Bullying in School or Cyberspace? Findings From the 2011 Florida Youth Risk Behavior Survey

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with asthma are at risk for psychological and behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to determine whether high school students with asthma are at increased risk for bullying in school and cyberspace, and to explore the role of depressive symptoms in moderating this association. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was completed with the 2011 Florida Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Participant included a random sample of adolescents in grades 9 through 12 who attended public high schools in Florida. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS software. RESULTS: We examined data from 6212 high school adolescents and found a significant relationship between current asthma and cyberbullying in adolescents. Of the sample diagnosed with asthma, 15.6% reported bullying and 17% cyberbullying (versus 10.2% and 11% of nonasthmatics). We further examined data using depressive symptoms as a mediating and moderating variable and found significance on all accounts. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with asthma are at increased risk for being victims of bullying in school and cyberspace. Our findings suggest that adolescents with asthma who also report depressive symptoms are particularly at high risk for bullying than adolescents with asthma who did not report depressive symptoms. Efforts to increase education and decrease all types of bullying at the high school level for both students with and without asthma are warranted. Language: en
Testing the Validity of the K6 in Detecting Major Depression and PTSD Among Jailed Women

Despite high prevalence rates of mental illness, jails often lack validated measures for detecting it, and many of the screening instruments used do not adequately identify depression and trauma-re...
Contextualizing Discourse on a Philosophy of Science for Psychotherapy Integration

The present article introduces the second installment of this special section (Anchin, 2005) and focuses on the conjunction between philosophy of science and psychotherapy integration. The author suggests that the current state of research in the integrative field offers a timely opportunity for discussion and debate about a philosophy of science appropriately suited to the distinctive nature of psychotherapy integration. To contextualize such discourse, the principal domains of interest in philosophy of science are described, followed by discussion of the two opposing philosophical positions, naturalism and antinaturalism, that have long dominated debates about scientific knowledge in the social sciences. The divergent modes of inquiry spawned by these two positions are then examined, followed by discussion of the degree of impact each mode of inquiry has had on guiding psychotherapy research. The author puts forward core dimensions of a scientific paradigm for psychotherapy integration logically and operationally consistent with the epistemological pluralism of integrative theory and practice; noted, as well, are benefits for psychotherapy integration, and for psychotherapy research and the discipline of psychology more broadly. Against this backdrop, central themes of Robert Elliott’s (2008) ensuing analysis and Robert Woolfolk’s and Frank Richardson’s (2008) commentary are highlighted.
An Economic Framework For Preventive Care Advice

Under the Affordable Care Act, preventive care measures, including vaccinations and screenings, recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the US Preventive Services Task Force must be covered in full by insurance. These recommendations affect the cost of medical care. Yet neither organization explicitly incorporates measures of efficiency or cost-effectiveness in making its recommendations. To redress this shortcoming, we propose a decision-making framework for these two organizations based on the principles of economic efficiency. Our analysis suggests that routine use of a preventive service should be recommended for full insurance coverage if the service’s cost-effectiveness exceeds a socially determined threshold. For less cost-effective services, we suggest that information about effectiveness and cost should be provided to consumers by physicians or government, but the choice of care and insurance coverage for care should be made by individuals. For the least cost-effective...
Retrospective evaluation of medication appropriateness and clinical pharmacist drug therapy recommendations for home-based primary care veterans.

Abstract Background: The Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) has demonstrated reliability in several outpatient settings. Clinical pharmacists play key roles as members of an interdisciplinary team in determining medication appropriateness. Objective: The goal of this study was to examine medication appropriateness using the MAI and the degree of recommendation acceptance associated with clinical pharmacist medication reviews for veterans enrolled in the Home-Based Primary Care (HBPC) program. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical pharmacist medication reviews was performed by accessing the computerized patient medical record. Patients included in the study were enrolled in the HBPC program between March 2002 and January 2004. The data were examined to determine a total MAI score associated with medication recommendations after each review. The number and types of pharmacist recommendations, their acceptance rate, and the total number of medications discontinued were also evaluated. Results: Seventy-nine patients (mean [SD] age, 75.3 [10.3] years) identified through the pharmacy database met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. No patients identified were excluded from the analysis. A statistically significant decrease in the overall MAI score was observed from the initial review to the end of the study ( P Conclusions: By using the MAI for evaluation, pharmacist recommendations significantly improved the appropriateness of medication use among veterans receiving home health care. A majority of pharmacist recommendations were accepted.
A unique exocelom-like space during early pregnancy in the horse.

The free allantois and allantochorion of conceptuses from 17 mares between 20 and 90 days of gestation were examined to determine the manner in which the associated mesodermal derivatives differentiated. It was found that a robust basement membrane developed under the allantoic endoderm, and that this basement membrane was partially isolated from the vascular layer of the allantois by a mesothelial layer and an exocelom-like space. The exocelom-like space persisted until approximately the stage of villous formation, and remnants of the space persisted over larger allantoic vessels even later. It is suggested that originally the presence of the mesothelial layer facilitates type I collagen formation in the thick basement membrane under the basal lamina of the allantoic endoderm. The basement membrane maintains the integrity of the allantois while the underlying space allows some slippage between the allantois and its vascular layer which is more closely associated with the endometrial and exocelomic surfaces, respectively.
Image reconstruction by means of wave-front sensor measurements in closed-loop adaptive-optics systems

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the imaging technique referred to as speckle holography have shown that wave-front information can be used in the postprocessing of astronomical data to improve the quality of images. In a closed-loop adaptive-optics system the wave-front sensor is continuously measuring the residual wave-front error. Thus wave-front information is continuously available for use in image reconstruction. We show here that wave-front information in a closed-loop adaptive-optics system, used in a postprocessing scheme, can improve the phase of the compensated optical-transfer function in systems with finite delays between wave-front sensing and phase correction. This technique is closely related to speckle holography and is referred to here as compensated speckle holography. This method requires good spatial sampling of the residual phase error and degrades gracefully as the wave-front sensor signal-to-noise ratio decreases. Also, the technique can be used to reduce the required closed-loop bandwidth of an imaging system, permitting longer integration times in the wave-front sensor, and thus allowing dimmer objects to be imaged without the use of an artificial guide star.
Animal comparative studies should be part of linguistics

Universal Grammar promotes the study of an idealization of language behavior and language learning. In examining the diversity ot actual behavioral strategies used to achieve linguistic goals, Evans & Levinson (E&L) move towards studying language as a behavior. This approach can benefit from studying communicative and cognitive capacities more broadly - across species. We exhort like-minded linguists to cast off the remaining intellectual shackles of linguistic speciesism.
Numerical Analysis of the Unsteady Flow and Heat Transfer to a Cylinder in Crossflow

Analyse numerique, par integration de l'equation de transport de vorticite et de l'equation d'energie, de l'ecoulement bidimensionnel de fluide visqueux, incompressible autour d'un cylindre
How Jurors Use and Misuse Character Evidence

The Federal Rules of Evidence allow defendants to offer testimony about their good character, but that testimony can be impeached with cross-examination or a rebuttal witness. It is assumed that jurors use the defense's character evidence (CE) to form guilt and conviction judgments but use impeachment evidence only to assess the character witness's credibility. Two experiments tested these assumptions by presenting mock jurors with various forms of CE and impeachment. Participants made trait ratings for the character witness and defendant and guilt and conviction judgments. Positive CE did not affect guilt or conviction judgments, but cross-examination caused a backlash in which judgments were harsher than when no CE was given. Using path analysis, the authors tested a model of the process by which CE and impeachment affect defendant and witness impressions and guilt and conviction judgments. Implications for juror decision making are discussed.
Pill-poppers and dopers: A comparison of non-medical prescription drug use and illicit/street drug use among college students

Data from the 2001 College Alcohol Study, a national sample of U.S. college students, were used to conduct multinomial logistic regression analysis examining correlates of substance use. Students were divided into three groups based on their lifetime substance use: non-users, non-medical prescription drug use only, and illicit/street drug use only. The purpose of this analytic strategy was to examine the similarities/differences in the correlates of non-medical prescription drug use and illicit/street drug use. Findings indicate that race, age, G.P.A., sexual activity, health, binge drinking, marijuana use, social bonding and social learning measures are correlates of non-medical prescription drug use. Correlates of illicit/street drug use include gender, Hispanic ethnicity, sexual activity, binge drinking, marijuana use, social bonding and social learning measures. Finally, the focus of the paper is a comparison of students who report only non-medical prescription drug use to students who report only illicit/street drug use. Findings indicate that gender, race, marital status, sexual activity, marijuana use, and social bonding measures significantly distinguish illicit/street drug use from non-medical prescription drug use. Important implications, limitations, and future research needs were discussed.
Synthesis and solid-state NMR structural characterization of some functionalized polysiloxanes

Abstract Polysiloxane-immobilized propylamine, diethylpropylamine and trimethylpropylammonium systems, and some other types of ligand systems, have been prepared. Polysiloxane-immobilized amine and trimethylpropylammonium chloride materials were made through hydrolytic condensation of Si(OEt)4 and (EtO)3Si(CH2)3X, with X = −NH2 or −N+ (CH3)3Cl−. The polysiloxane-immobilized diethylpropylamine ligand system was prepared by the reaction between the polysiloxane-immobilized 3-chloropropyl system and diethylamine. Polysiloxanes carrying the −CH2CO2Me group were made by the reaction of methylchloroacetate with polysiloxane-immobilized amine or thiol ligand systems, S−(CH2)3X (where X=−NH2 or −SH, and S represents the polysiloxane backbone). Polysiloxane-immobilized glycinate and iminodi-acetate systems were made by the reactions of sodium glycinate or disodium iminodiacetate with the polysiloxane-immobilized 3-chloropropyl system. Solid-state 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, based on cross polarization (CP) and magic-angle spinning (MAS) techniques, were employed. 13C NMR results determined that, in the above-mentioned glycinate and iminodiacetate substitution reactions, the acetate groups of glycinate and iminodiacetate systems serve as the reaction site for displacement of the chloride in the polysiloxane-immobilized 3-chloropropyl system.
Balancing Act: Career and Family During College-Educated Women’s 30s

We assessed career, marriage, and motherhood expectations of 118 White Women and 82 Women of Color in 1993, when they were seniors at five northeastern U.S. colleges. Sixteen years later, in 2009, 77.5 % responded to our survey and answered questions about their career, marriage, motherhood, attitudes, and life satisfaction outcomes. As seniors, they wanted it all, career, marriage, and motherhood. In 2009, nearly two thirds were employed full time, 91 % had married, nearly three quarters were mothers, and about 57 % were combining full-time employment and motherhood. Comparisons are made among three role-status outcome groups: Have It All (mothers, employed full time); Traditional (mothers, employed part time or not at all), and Employed Only (childfree, employed full time). Educational level of the women did not predict role status. Spouses’ educational level relative to the women’s predicted role status, with Have It All women more likely to be married to less educated spouses than Traditional or Employed Only women. The role-status groups did not differ in their attitudes toward women in general, but Have It All mothers had lower levels of employment-related concerns about separation from their children than Traditional mothers. Most of the women still wanted to have it all. Many Traditional women looked forward to returning to employment, and many of the Employed Only women wanted to have children. Being a mother was associated with higher life satisfaction than being childfree. Results are discussed in terms of multiple-role theory and the positive influence of having family roles in the mix.
Online multiple tasks one-shot learning of object categories and vision

In this paper we present a new approach to online multiple tasks framework using online boosting learning in parallel for object classification in visual objects. The main idea is (a) to learn visual models of object categories require training on hundreds or thousands of images and very large datasets, one-shot learning aims to learn information about object categories from one, or only a few, training images; (2) to employ training tasks in parallel while using a shared representation to one class or multi-class classification. What is learned for each task can help other tasks be learned better; (3) to bridge the gap between data acquisition and model building. We demonstrate robustness, efficient and accuracy of the approach on simultaneously online multiple tasks as one-shot learning complex background models, visual tracking, object detection and recognition on benchmark data sets.