cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic Mutant Analyses Elucidate General and Client-Specific Aspects of Hsp90 Function

To probe the mechanism of the Hsp90 chaperone that is required for the maturation of many signaling proteins in eukaryotes, we analyzed the effects of all individual amino acid changes in the ATPase domain on yeast growth rate. The sensitivity of a position to mutation was strongly influenced by proximity to the phosphates of ATP, indicating that ATPase-driven conformational changes impose stringent physical constraints on Hsp90. To investigate how these constraints may vary for different clients, we performed biochemical analyses on a panel of Hsp90 mutants spanning the full range of observed fitness effects. We observed distinct effects of nine Hsp90 mutations on activation of v-src and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), indicating that different chaperone mechanisms can be utilized for these clients. These results provide a detailed guide for understanding Hsp90 mechanism and highlight the potential for inhibitors of Hsp90 that target a subset of clients.
Repopulation of Hartlaub Lake by Chaoborus (Diptera : Chaoboridae) four years after elimination with toxaphene.

Hartlaub Lake, a 37.6-acre, thermally stratified lake, was treated with toxaphene by personnel from the Wisconsin Division of Conservation on July 10, 1962, to remove an undesirable fish population. The treatment, the planting of the lake with fish, and their effects on the profundal benthos during the 2 years following treatment were reported previously (Hilsenhoff 1965). Sampling procedures and hydrological data were also presented in that paper. Elimination of a sizable Chaoborus population (76.0/ft2 on the day of treatment) was one of the effects of the treatment. A few Chaoborus larvae were collected occasionally from May 1963 through July 1966, but not until November 1966 did they repopulate the lake (Table 1). As identified by the keys of Cook (1956), the dominant species was Chaoborus punctipennis (Say) (84%), with C. albatus Johnson (12%) and C. flavicans (Meigen) (4%) comprising the rest of the Chaoborus fauna in Hartlaub Lake.
THE DISCUSSION OF APPLICATION FOREGROUND OF MICROLAPAROSCOPY IN CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN

Objective To study the clinical value of microlaparoscopy in chronic pelvic pain.Methods 45 patients with chronic pelvic pain who accepted microlaparoscopy operation were teamed in the microscopy group.49 patients chosen under the same condition at the same time who accepted general laparoscopy operation were teamed in the general group.Results There were no significant difference in the operative time,the bleeding volume and the exhaust time after the operation between the two groups (p0.05).The incision pain in 6 hours and 24 hours after the operation in the microscopy group was lighter than that in the general group (p0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incision pain in 48 hours after the operation (p0.05).The time after the operation in hospital was significantly shorter in the microscopy group than that in the general group (p0.05).Conclusion The microlaparoscopy can replace the general laparoscopy to some extent because of the perfect effect in diagnosis and treatment and the slight wound in the operation.
Aftershocks of the 2014 South Napa, California, Earthquake: Complex Faulting on Secondary Faults

Abstract We investigate the aftershock sequence of the 2014 M w 6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake. Low‐magnitude aftershocks missing from the network catalog are detected by applying a matched‐filter approach to continuous seismic data, with the catalog earthquakes serving as the waveform templates. We measure precise differential arrival times between events, which we use for double‐difference event relocation in a 3D seismic velocity model. Most aftershocks are deeper than the mainshock slip, and most occur on the west of the mapped surface rupture. Although the mainshock coseismic and postseismic slip appears to have occurred on the near‐vertical, strike‐slip West Napa fault, many of the aftershocks occur in a complex zone of secondary faulting. Earthquake locations in the main aftershock zone, near the mainshock hypocenter, delineate multiple dipping secondary faults. Composite focal mechanisms indicate strike‐slip and oblique‐reverse faulting on the secondary features. The secondary faults were moved toward failure by Coulomb stress changes from the mainshock slip. Clusters of aftershocks north and south of the main aftershock zone exhibit vertical strike‐slip faulting more consistent with the West Napa fault. The northern aftershocks correspond to the area of the largest mainshock coseismic slip, whereas the main aftershock zone is adjacent to the fault area that has primarily slipped postseismically. Unlike most creeping faults, the zone of postseismic slip does not appear to contain embedded stick‐slip patches that would have produced on‐fault aftershocks. The lack of stick‐slip patches along this portion of the fault may contribute to the low productivity of the South Napa aftershock sequence.
Limits on the Transport of Heat and Momentum by Turbulent Convection with Large‐Scale Flow

Under certain conditions, high-Rayleigh-number convection in a horizontal layer exhibits an organized pattern of large-scale flow superposed on an irregular structure of turbulent plumes. Bounds on the heat and momentum fluxes in such a flow, which provide upper estimates of the possible level of the large-scale flow, are presented
Generalized Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures Syndrome

A childhood-onset, genetic epilepsy syndrome, recently described in a single Australian family and characterized as “generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus” (GEFS+), is reported in an additional 63 patients from 9 families evaluated at the University of Melbourne, Australia.
Comparison of Percutaneous Reduction and Pin Fixation in Acute and Chronic Pediatric Mallet Fractures.

Background:Although pediatric mallet fractures are more common than adult fractures, no techniques have focused on surgical fixation of pediatric mallet fractures. This study aims to describe the technique and results of percutaneous reduction and fixation in acute and chronic pediatric mallet fract
Transparency, Corruption, and the Information Needs of Communities: The Case of Personal Financial Disclosure

This paper examines personal financial disclosure practices required for public officials across the 50 states and finds that more than 80 percent of states rate poorly when evaluated on a set of objective criteria. A “disclosure degree” score is calculated for each state; these scores are then brought together with a related set of measures to evaluate transparency more broadly for public officials in each state. Levels of public corruption in each state are also considered. For financial disclosure to be meaningful, we argue, three interconnected areas must be evaluated: First, the precision of the information required by law to be disclosed; second, the degree of openness and relevance of information toward the detection of conflicts of interest; third, the degree to which institutional monitors – prosecutors, news media, ethics commissions – can generate public knowledge.
Developments in Copyright Policy and Network Technologies: The First Generation:

There has been tremendous attention devoted to the medium of the Internet. However, the technologies that constitute the Web have created a legal environment that has and will continue to compel ch...
Post-traumatic Ankle Arthropathy Treated with Arthrodesis

A 46-year-old male with a history of traumatic ankle injury 30 years ago presents to the office with worsening ankle pain over the past year. He is found to have post-traumatic tibiotalar arthritis refractory to conservative treatment. Given the patient’s young age and high activity level, tibiotalar arthrodesis was chosen because of the procedure’s ability to improve pain and maintain mobility through adjacent joints. This case discusses tibiotalar arthrodesis using medial and lateral approaches to the ankle and fixation with cannulated cancellous screws. This procedure has high success rates for treating end stage tibiotalar arthritis and has low rates of reoperation.
Texture evolution during equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE): Part II. An effect of post-deformation annealing

Abstract The influence of annealing on texture after ECAE of Al–0.5Cu alloy is described. It is shown that annealing presents multiple opportunities to control texture, which are correlated with the transformations of microstructures created during various ECAE strain paths. Up to the temperature of primary recrystallization, two domains are distinguishable. Before four passes, large modifications in texture strength and/or orientation are obtained. After four passes, except in some cases for route C, rather limited changes in texture strength and orientations are observed. Annealing at higher temperatures decreases texture strength in both domains. Route C exhibits a specific behavior showing significant changes even after four passes.
Assessing the Psychological Well-being and Coping Mechanisms of Law Enforcement Investigators vs. Digital Forensic Examiners of Child Pornography Investigations

Previous research indicates law enforcement investigators and digital forensic examiners working child exploitation cases are at an increased risk for experiencing psychological distress; however, the roles of digital forensic examiners and investigators often overlap substantially when working child pornography cases. Thus, the current study was the first to compare the psychological well-being, job satisfaction, coping mechanisms, and attitudes toward mental health services for individuals working as either digital forensic examiners and/or investigators of child pornography cases. Law enforcement officers were solicited from the Internet Crimes Against Children task force listserv, and based on their current self-reported duties, 20 were classified as digital forensic examiners-only, 71 as investigators-only, and 38 as both digital forensic examiners and investigators of cases involving Internet child pornography. Results showed significant differences between groups; individuals performing both duties scored significantly higher on secondary traumatic stress, higher on feelings of worthlessness, and lower on concentration compared to digital forensic examiners-only. Individuals performing both duties also reported significantly lower scores on job satisfaction compared to investigators-only. Finally, individuals working both duties were significantly more likely to know someone who sought counseling as a result of work-related stress. The study’s mental health implications and future research suggestions are discussed.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (HDACi) Conjugated Polycaprolactone for Combination Cancer Therapy

The short chain fatty acid, 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), is used for the treatment of urea cycle disorders and sickle cell disease as an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor. PBA is also known as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). We report here the effect of combination therapy on HeLa cancer cells using PBA as the HDACi together with the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). We synthesized γ-4-phenylbutyrate−e-caprolactone monomer which was polymerized to form poly(γ-4-phenylbutyrate−e-caprolactone) (PPBCL) homopolymer using NdCl3·3TEP/TIBA (TEP = triethyl phosphate, TIBA = triisobutylaluminum) catalytic system. DOX-loaded nanoparticles were prepared from the PPBCL homopolymer using poly(ethylene glycol) as a surfactant. An encapsulation efficiency as high as 88% was obtained for these nanoparticles. The DOX-loaded nanoparticles showed a cumulative release of >95% of DOX at pH 5 and 37 °C within 12 h, and PBA release was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The efficiency of the combination therapy ca...
Long-Term Outcome of Homograft Implants Related to Donor and Tissue Characteristics

Background Cardiovascular homografts are used for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. The procedure has excellent survival rates, but many homografts degenerate and require reintervention. Studies analyzing risk factors for reintervention most often focus on recipient and homograft characteristics, with identification of risk factors such as young recipient age and the use of aortic homografts. This study focuses on less known variables, including donor characteristics and homograft management and its effect on long-term outcome of homograft implantation. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 304 patients undergoing right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction at University Hospital Lund, Sweden, between 1995 and 2008. Follow-up was up to 22 years. Donor, homograft, and recipient characteristics were analyzed. Statistical analyses included the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression. Results Follow-up was 98% complete. There were 12 deaths, and 115 reinterventions were required. Younger donor age was identified as a risk factor. Homografts from multiorgan donors with no ischemic time produced the longest homograft survival. In non–heart-beating donors, long-term results did not differ between 1 and 24 hours of ischemic time and more than 24 hours of ischemic time. Longer retrieval to cryopreservation times seemed to be better compared with shorter time intervals. Long-term outcome was superior in homografts from middle-aged donors. Conclusions The best long-term outcome was found when homografts were retrieved from organ donors and middle-aged donors. There is no harm extending the ischemic time in non–heart-beating donors to 48 hours to increase the number of possible donors.
Anticipating Industry Arguments: The US Food and Drug Administration's Authority to Reduce Nicotine Levels in Cigarettes.

The US Food and Drug Administration has announced that it is considering lowering nicotine levels in cigarettes to “minimally addictive or nonaddictive levels.” This could be a transformative public health measure, but the tobacco industry is likely to challenge such an action in court. This article reviews some of the key legal arguments that industry is likely to advance and considers possible responses. As we demonstrate, there are strong arguments that the US Food and Drug Administration has the authority to implement a policy to reduce nicotine in cigarettes to nonaddictive levels.
VULCON: A System for Vulnerability Prioritization, Mitigation, and Management

Vulnerability remediation is a critical task in operational software and network security management. In this article, an effective vulnerability management strategy, called VULCON (VULnerability CONtrol), is developed and evaluated. The strategy is based on two fundamental performance metrics: (1) time-to-vulnerability remediation (TVR) and (2) total vulnerability exposure (TVE). VULCON takes as input real vulnerability scan reports, metadata about the discovered vulnerabilities, asset criticality, and personnel resources. VULCON uses a mixed-integer multiobjective optimization algorithm to prioritize vulnerabilities for patching, such that the above performance metrics are optimized subject to the given resource constraints. VULCON has been tested on multiple months of real scan data from a cyber-security operations center (CSOC). Results indicate an overall TVE reduction of 8.97% when VULCON optimizes a realistic security analyst workforce’s effort. Additionally, VULCON demonstrates that it can determine monthly resources required to maintain a target TVE score. As such, VULCON provides valuable operational guidance for improving vulnerability response processes in CSOCs.
Premenstrual Syndrome and Criminal Responsibility

In 1980-81, two British women escaped murder convictions by arguing that their legal responsibility was diminished by premenstrual syndrome (PMS). In a fit of rage Sandie Craddock, an East London barmaid with 45 prior convictions, stabbed a fellow barmaid three times through the heart ( Regina v. Craddock, 1981, 1 C.L. 49; see also Apodaca & Fink, 1984; Carney & Williams, 1983). Christine English, after a quarrel with her lover, crushed him to death against a utility pole with her car (Regina v. English, an unreported decision of the Norwich Crown Court on November 10, 1981; see also Apodaca & Fink, 1984, p. 54; Carney & Williams, 1983, p. 261). With the aid of testimony by Dr. Katharina Dalton, the world’s most prominent advocate for PMS victims, each woman was convicted only of manslaughter due to PMS-diminished responsibility. Most remarkably, neither woman was punished for her killing: Craddock received probation; English, a 12-month conditional discharge with a driving ban. About a year after her conviction, Craddock (now Smith) was re-arrested for an equivocal attempt to murder a policeman; convicted on three new charges, Smith again argued PMS to mitigate her sentence and again received probation. These judgments were approved on appeal. According to magazine stories and Dalton (see her chapter, this volume), Craddock and English are only two of the many British and Canadian defendants to reduce their criminal responsibility by pleading PMS.
The Consequences of Leaving School Early: The Effects of Within-Year and End-of-Year Teacher Turnover

Using unique administrative data from North Carolina that allow us to separate classroom teacher turnover during the school year from end-of-year turnover, we find students who lose their teacher d...
Investigating the Effects of Word Substitution Errors on Sentence Embeddings

A key initial step in several natural language processing (NLP) tasks involves embedding phrases of text to vectors of real numbers that preserve semantic meaning. To that end, several methods have been recently proposed with impressive results on semantic similarity tasks. However, all of these approaches assume that perfect transcripts are available when generating the embeddings. While this is a reasonable assumption for analysis of written text, it is limiting for analysis of transcribed text. In this paper we investigate the effects of word substitution errors, such as those coming from automatic speech recognition errors (ASR), on several state-of-the-art sentence embedding methods. To do this, we propose a new simulator that allows the experimenter to induce ASR-plausible word substitution errors in a corpus at a desired word error rate. We use this simulator to evaluate the robustness of several sentence embedding methods. Our results show that pre-trained neural sentence encoders are both robust to ASR errors and perform well on textual similarity tasks after errors are introduced. Meanwhile, unweighted averages of word vectors perform well with perfect transcriptions, but their performance degrades rapidly on textual similarity tasks for text with word substitution errors.
The Role of Micronutrients in Graft-VS.-Host Disease: Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamins A and D

Graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) remains a major obstacle to the success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). GVHD occurs because donor T cells in the allograft recognize the genetically disparate host as foreign and attack the transplant recipient's tissues. While genetic incompatibility between donor and recipient is the primary determinant for the extent of alloimmune response, GVHD incidence and severity are also influenced by non-genetic factors. Recent advances in immunology establish that environmental factors, including dietary micronutrients, contribute significantly to modulating various immune responses and may influence the susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of experimental animals and humans. Emerging clinical and preclinical evidence indicates that certain micronutrients may participate in regulating GVHD risk after allogeneic HSCT. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding with respect to the potential role of micronutrients in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic GVHD, focusing on vitamins A and D.
Library Orientation and Instruction ‐ 1977: An Annotated Review of the Literature

The following is an annotated bibliography of materials published in 1977 on orienting users to the library and on instructing them in the use of reference and other resources. A few entries have a 1976 publication date and are included because information about them was not available in time for the 1976 review. Also some entries are not annotated because the compiler was unable to secure a copy of the information.
Comparing carbon accumulation in restored and natural wetland soils of coastal Louisiana

Abstract Louisiana's chronic wetland deterioration has resulted in massive soil organic matter loss and subsequent carbon release through oxidation. To combat these losses, and reestablish ecosystem function, goods, and services, many restoration projects have been constructed or planned throughout coastal Louisiana. There are significant data gaps and conflicting results regarding wetland contributions to global warming, especially related to carbon sequestration in restored wetlands. An exceptionally large data set was used to derive carbon accumulation rates from key soil characteristics and processes. Assessments and comparisons of bulk density, organic matter, total carbon, vertical accretion (short- and longer-term), and carbon accumulation rates were made across time (chronosequence) and space (i.e., coastwide, watershed basins, and vegetation zones). Carbon accumulation rates in the Louisiana coastal zone were generally correlated to hydrogeomorphology, with higher rates occurring in zones of high river connectivity or in swamp or higher salinity tolerant marsh. On average, naturally occurring wetlands had higher carbon accumulation rates than restoration sites. Although some restoration measures were higher, and most showed increasing carbon accumulation rates over time. Results demonstrate that although wetland restoration provides many ecosystem benefits, the associated carbon sequestration may also provide useful measures for climate change management.
Generation of Penems, Carbapenems and Aza Analogs of Cephems by the Addition of Heterocycles and Other Building Blocks to Azetinones

Abstract Addition of nucleophiles including heterocycles and precursors of vicinal tricarbonyls to azetinones generates building blocks incorporating potential electrophilic centers. Oxidation of these products provides reactive carbonyl units suitably located for reaction with the β-lactam NH yielding bicyclic products of biological interest.
Phonon Anharmonicity in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus.

We report a temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy study of few-layer black phosphorus (BP) with varied incident polarization and sample thickness. The Raman-active modes Ag1, B2g, and Ag2 exhibi...
Repair of Superior Chorioretinal Coloboma-Associated Retinal Detachments: Case Report and Literature Review:

Purpose:This case report discusses the management of a patient with a superior chorioretinal coloboma-associated retinal detachment (RD), including surgical management, along with a review of the l...
Endothelin-1 rs9296344 associates with the susceptibility of childhood primary nephrotic syndrome.

Background Recently, the rs5370 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Endothelin-1 (EDN1) showed association with the susceptibility of childhood primary nephrotic syndrome (CPNS). This study aims to investigate potential relationships between other EDN1 SNPs and CPNS. Methods Seven SNPs (rs5370, rs10478723, rs1476046, rs1800541, rs2070698, rs2071942, and rs9296344) of the EDN1 gene were genotyped in 579 CPNS patients and 586 age-matched healthy children. Then, we analyzed potential associations of the six SNPs with susceptibility of CPNS by using rs5370 as a conditional variant in a logistic regression model. SNP-SNP interaction analysis was performed to investigate the joint effects of the seven SNPs in the pathogenesis of CPNS. Results Independent with rs5370, only rs9296344 significantly associated (T vs C, odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57-0.88, P = .001) with the susceptibility of CPNS. Meanwhile, no joint effect among the analyzed seven SNPs was discovered in this study. Conclusions This study discovered that C allele of rs9296344 on EDN1 is a novel independent risk factor for CPNS.
Cross-Media Consumption: Insights from Super Bowl Advertising

Abstract When viewers engage in cross-media consumption—view television advertising and social media posts on another medium—how do stimuli from multiple screens influence their response? To address this question, we construct a comprehensive dataset to estimate the effects of Super Bowl advertising and the advertised brands' Facebook content on ad likability. The novel insights emerging from the analyses include that: both media directly and significantly impact the response, contributing 60% and 40%, respectively; thinking hurts liking; and an ad's serial position does not matter, which differs from the primacy and recency effects previously reported in advertising studies. This study contributes to the theory and practice by: (i) testing open research questions empirically regarding the complementary effects of two screens; (ii) extracting the formal, analytic, and narrative thinking styles from the actual words in social media comments; and (iii) demonstrating that divided attention across screens has negative consequences on viewer appraisals.
chapter 5 – The autonomic nervous system

Publisher Summary This chapter draws attention to the historical perspective on the functions of the autonomic nervous system during exercise by normal and physically trained subjects. It also discusses the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in characterizing the cardiorespiratory responses to exercise. Moreover, the chapter focuses on selected ideas and the people contributing to the development, with a primary emphasis on dynamic exercise results from healthy populations. To understand the contributions of the sympathetic nervous system in an exercise response, it is necessary to identify the primary transmitter being released from sympathetic nerve endings and to perfect the measurement of epinephrine being released from the adrenal gland. History has shown that cardiovascular responses in humans are attenuated during moderate to heavy exercise with inhibition of s-adrenoceptors. The chapter also provides minimal information on the ideas associated with the exciting and promising era of autonomic genomics.
Prevention and disinfection in COVID-19

The global pandemic involving severe acute respiratory syndrome – coronavirus-2 has tested the capacities of the best of the health-care system worldwide. We are in the middle of the pandemic and the knowledge and science regarding the prevention and treatment of this disease is evolving every minute. This review is an attempt to summarize and simplify the knowledge about preventive and personal protective aspects of management of covid-19 infection. It encompasses the approach to infection prevention and personal protection from the admission of patient to the management in the intensive care units.
Rotman Lens-Based Wide Angular Coverage and High-Gain Semipassive Architecture for Ultralong Range mm-Wave RFIDs

In this letter, the authors demonstrate, for the first time, the implementation of a fully-flexible, energy autonomous Rotman lens-based backscattering RFID tag operating in the 28 GHz 5G band. The Rotman lens front end was designed, simulated, fabricated on a thin flexible substrate and its gain and differential radar cross section (RCS) tested. The structure displays a simultaneous high gain and wide angular coverage, resulting in a remarkable RCS, measured in both planar and severe bending conditions. A low power oscillator was then added to the retrodirective array to test its detectability as a backscatterer at an unprecedented range of up to 64 m while displaying a power consumption as low as 2.64 $\mu$ W, effortlessly supplied by its flexible solar cell in normal office indoor conditions. Enabled by the implementation of a high degree of focalizing retrodirectivity, this unique Rotman lens-based system could enable the birth of RFIDs with practical reading ranges exceeding 1.8 km.
Normal and superconducting properties of Cs x W O 3

The resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, superconducting transition temperature, and upper critical field have been measured in Cs/sub x/WO/sub 3/ for 0.19< or =x< or =0.30. In contrast to Rb/sub x/WO/sub 3/, no temperature-dependent anomalies were observed in either the normal resistivity or the Seebeck coefficient. The superconducting transition temperature, T/sub c/, increases monotonically with decreasing x from 2 K at x = 0.30 up to 6.7 K at x=0.20, with an inflection near 0.24. The resistivity as a function of x increases monotonically with decreasing x and also has an inflection near x=0.24.
Laser cooling of transition-metal atoms

The authors propose the laser cooling scheme for eleven transition-metal atoms, including both bosonic and fermionic species. A number of cycling optical transitions from the ground state or from a long-lived metastable state to the excited states are identified for the cooling scheme.
Integrating Buprenorphine Treatment Into Family Medicine Resident Clinic.

Background and objectives Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder with buprenorphine in primary care is effective and patient-accessible yet remains underutilized, including among residency training programs. One concern in residency programs is that MAT patients must be seen at least monthly and will overwhelm residents' clinic schedules and dilute their clinical experience. Our family medicine residency initiated an MAT program integrated into residents' continuity clinic schedules. After 2 years we assessed the chronic medical comorbidities we were managing in our MAT population. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all active patients receiving MAT. We collected basic demographic data and whether we were the patient's primary care provider (PCP) or were only providing MAT. For the patients for whom we were the PCP we recorded the chronic comorbidities that required medical management. Results One hundred fifty-seven active patients were 52% male and 48% female. The mean age was 38 years (SD=10) with a range of 22 to 77 years, with nine patients over age 60 years (6%). One hundred three patients used us as their PCP (66%). For these patients the mean number of chronic comorbidities was 2.3; only 10 patients reported no comorbidities. Psychiatric comorbidities were the most common with 69% of patients with a mood disorder, although nonpsychiatric comorbidities still averaged 1.5 per patient. Conclusions MAT integrated into family medicine resident continuity clinics provides a broad and substantial primary care clinical experience for residents.
Perioperative therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: Pattern of use and survival outcomes.

BACKGROUND Multimodality therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is currently considered the standard of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of perioperative therapy on surgical resection in mCRC. METHODS The National Cancer Database was analyzed for affected patients between 2004 and 2013. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify factors associated with patient outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used for the association between patient characteristics and survival. RESULTS About 61,940 patients with mCRC were identified. Mean age = 63.4 years (SD ± 14). About 69% had a colon primary and 32% had only one metastatic site. Only 49% of those who underwent surgery for both primary and metastatic sites received postoperative chemotherapy (p < .001). Negative prognostic factors included no chemotherapy received (hazard ratio [HR], 2.32; 2.27-2.37; p < .001), more than three metastatic sites (HR, 2.28; 2.09-2.48; p < .001), year of diagnosis between 2004 and 2008 (HR, 1.71; 1.15-1.20; p < .001) and colon tumor location with right worse than left-sided (HR, 1.21; 1.19-1.24; p < .001). Five-year overall survival for resection of the primary and metastatic site (28.2%) was higher than for no surgical treatment (4.7%). CONCLUSION Perioperative therapy was associated with improved survival, following resection of metastatic sites or primary tumor.
Critical language awareness and L2 learners of Spanish: an action‐research study

This action‐research study describes a course that emphasized critical language awareness (CLA)—an understanding of how language intersects with identity and power—for additional language (L2) learners of Spanish. As L2 learners have been shown to reproduce racist and monolingual discourses, educating them to recognize and question language ideologies are crucial. First, this paper explores the current state of Spanish language curricula in the United States and how CLA is a necessary, yet missing, component of L2 Spanish instruction. Second, the article describes a course that integrated critical service learning, structured reflection, and CLA to encourage participants to reflect on their beliefs about Spanish, bilingualism, and Hispanics in the United States. Next, survey and written reflection data are presented and analyzed to investigate how participating in a critically oriented course develops L2 Spanish learners' CLA.
On Sensor Security in the Era of IoT and CPS

Sensors play an integral role in numerous devices across a diverse range of domains. While cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things use them extensively, sensors can also be commonly found in many standalone electronic devices. Concerns over the susceptibility of sensors to malicious attacks have led academia to focus on the security of these sensors. To help unite these efforts, we propose a lexicon to easily differentiate between types and methods of attacks on sensors. Using these definitions, one can quickly and clearly understand the method and the target of an attack. We examine the most recent and influential attacks on sensors, especially when they are acting as edge nodes of systems, as well as defenses against said attacks. We then seek to categorize these methods according to our lexicon, demonstrating its usefulness and solidifying the meaning of proposed terms.
Determination of 21 plant growth regulator residues in fruits by QuEChERS-highperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A method for the simultaneous detection of 21 plant growth regulators in fruits by QuEChERS-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)was developed.The samples were initially extracted with acetonitrile containing 1%(v/v)acetic acid,followed by clean-up using the powder of magnesium sulfate and C18.The resulting samples were separated on a C18 column,and detected under positive and negative multiple reactions monitoring(MRM)mode through polarity switching between time segments.The matrix-matched external standard calibration curves were used for quantitative analysis.The linearities of chlormequat chloride,mepiquat chloride,choline chloride,cyclanilide,forchlorfenuron,thidiazuron,inabenfide,paclobutrazol,uniconazole and triapenthenol were in the concentration range of 0.1-500μg/L,daminozide and 6-benzylaminopurine in the concentration range of 1.0-500μg/L,2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid,2,4-D,cloprop,4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid(4-CPA)and trinexapac-ethyl in the concentration range of 2.0-1 000μg/L,abscisic acid(ABA),gibberellic acid(GA3),1-naph-thaleneacetic acid(NAA)and indol-3-ylacetic acid(IAA)in the concentration range of 10-1 000μg/L,with the correlation coefficients higher than0.990.The limits of detection and the limits of quantification of the method were 0.020-6.0μg/kg and 0.10-15.0μg/kg,respectively.For all the samples,the average spiked recoveries ranged from73.0%to 111.0%,and the relative standard deviations(RSDs,n=6)were in the range of 3.0%-17.2%.The method is quick,easy,effective,sensitive and accurate,and can meet the requirements for the determination of the 21 plant growth regulator residues in fruits.
Understanding liquid–liquid equilibria in binary mixtures of hydrocarbons with a thermally robust perarylphosphonium-based ionic liquid

Binary mixtures of hydrocarbons and a thermally robust ionic liquid (IL) incorporating a perarylphosphonium-based cation are investigated experimentally and computationally. Experimentally, it is seen that excess toluene added to the IL forms two distinct liquid phases, an “ion-rich” phase of fixed composition and a phase that is nearly pure toluene. Conversely, n-heptane is observed to be essentially immiscible in the neat IL. Molecular dynamics simulations capture both of these behaviours. Furthermore, the simulated composition of the toluene-rich IL phase is within 10% of the experimentally determined composition. Additional simulations are performed on the binary mixtures of the IL and ten other small hydrocarbons having mixed aromatic/aliphatic character. It is found that hydrocarbons with a predominant aliphatic character are largely immiscible with the IL, while those with a predominant aromatic character readily mix with the IL. A detailed analysis of the structure and energetic changes that occur on mixing reveals the nature of the ion-rich phase. The simulations show a bicontinuous phase with hydrocarbon uptake akin to absorption and swelling by a porous absorbent. Aromatic hydrocarbons are driven into the neat IL via dispersion forces with the IL cations and, to a lesser extent, the IL anions. The ion–ion network expands to accommodate the hydrocarbons, yet maintains a core connective structure. At a certain loading, this network becomes stretched to its limit. The energetic penalty associated with breaking the core connective network outweighs the gain from new hydrocarbon–IL interactions, leaving additional hydrocarbons in the neat phase. The spatially alternating charge of the expanded IL network is shown to interact favourably with the stacked aromatic subphase, something not possible for aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Sparse value function approximation for reinforcement learning

A key component of many reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms is the approximation of the value function. The design and selection of features for approximation in RL is crucial, and an ongoing area of research. One approach to the problem of feature selection is to apply sparsity-inducing techniques in learning the value function approximation; such sparse methods tend to select relevant features and ignore irrelevant features, thus automating the feature selection process. This dissertation describes three contributions in the area of sparse value function approximation for reinforcement learning. One method for obtaining sparse linear approximations is the inclusion in the objective function of a penalty on the sum of the absolute values of the approximation weights. This L1 regularization approach was first applied to temporal difference learning in the LARS-inspired, batch learning algorithm LARS-TD. In our first contribution, we define an iterative update equation which has as its fixed point the L 1 regularized linear fixed point of LARS-TD. The iterative update gives rise naturally to an online stochastic approximation algorithm. We prove convergence of the online algorithm and show that the L1 regularized linear fixed point is an equilibrium fixed point of the algorithm. We demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to converge to the fixed point, yielding a sparse solution with modestly better performance than unregularized linear temporal difference learning. Our second contribution extends LARS-TD to integrate policy optimization with sparse value learning. We extend the L1 regularized linear fixed point to include a maximum over policies, defining a new, "greedy" fixed point. The greedy fixed point adds a new invariant to the set which LARS-TD maintains as it traverses its homotopy path, giving rise to a new algorithm integrating sparse value learning and optimization. The new algorithm is demonstrated to be similar in performance with policy iteration using LARS-TD. Finally, we consider another approach to sparse learning, that of using a simple algorithm that greedily adds new features. Such algorithms have many of the good properties of the L1 regularization methods, while also being extremely efficient and, in some cases, allowing theoretical guarantees on recovery of the true form of a sparse target function from sampled data. We consider variants of orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) applied to RL. The resulting algorithms are analyzed and compared experimentally with existing L1 regularized approaches. We demonstrate that perhaps the most natural scenario in which one might hope to achieve sparse recovery fails; however, one variant provides promising theoretical guarantees under certain assumptions on the feature dictionary while another variant empirically outperforms prior methods both in approximation accuracy and efficiency on several benchmark problems.
Transcranial electrical MEP with muscle recording

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) monitoring is well established as a safe and effective technique for intraoperative evaluation of the spinal cord integrity. It has been shown to reduce the postoperative neurological deficits associated with spine surgery. It explores that motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring, in contrast, allows ongoing assessment of motor tract function during the operative procedure. The chapter reviews that as SEPs and MEPs are mediated by different neural pathways within distinct vascular territories, monitoring of both can provide a more complete assessment of the spinal function. Concurrent monitoring of both SEPs and MEPs provides an important measure of redundancy, as intraoperative injury often compromises both sensory and motor pathways. It discusses that transcranial stimulation activates the spinal motor pathways selectively, because intervening thalamic synapses prevent antidromic firing of spinal sensory tracts. Transcranial electrical stimulation activates cortical pyramidal cells both directly and indirectly via cortical interneurons, to produce D- and I-waves. The chapter concludes that transcranially evoked compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and MEPs are substantially more difficult to record in patients with underlying neurological abnormalities. CMAP responses are relatively easily obtained in nearly all neurologically normal patients, but are particularly difficult to obtain in patients with underlying motor system dysfunction, such as myelopathy or cerebral palsy.
Generative operational semantics for relaxed memory models

The specification of the Java Memory Model (jmm) is phrased in terms of acceptors of execution sequences rather than the standard generative view of operational semantics. This creates a mismatch with language-based techniques, such as simulation arguments and proofs of type safety. We describe a semantics for the jmm using standard programming language techniques that captures its full expressivity. For data-race-free programs, our model coincides with the jmm. For lockless programs, our model is more expressive than the jmm. The stratification properties required to avoid causality cycles are derived, rather than mandated in the style of the jmm. The jmm is arguably non-canonical in its treatment of the interaction of data races and locks as it fails to validate roach-motel reorderings and various peephole optimizations. Our model differs from the jmm in these cases. We develop a theory of simulation and use it to validate the legality of the above optimizations in any program context.
Rapid quantitation of cytomegalovirus and assay of neutralizing antibody by using monoclonal antibody to the major immediate-early viral protein

An overnight assay, based on staining cytomegalovirus-infected cells with monoclonal antibody to the 72,000-molecular-weight major immediate-early viral protein, was compared with a conventional 14-day plaque assay for quantitation of cell-free stocks of cytomegalovirus laboratory strain AD-169 and 20 other clinical strains. Viral titers were quantitatively similar when determined by either method, but centrifugation of monolayers during inoculation enhanced viral infectivity an average of 4.1-fold. When used for scoring neutralizing antibody assays, monoclonal antibody staining yielded titers within one dilution of 14-day plaque-reduction assays in 54 of 56 titrations. Of 21 cytomegalovirus strains, 2 were not recognized by the monoclonal antibody used. Assay with monoclonal antibody offers a rapid and accurate alternative to plaque assays for quantitation or neutralization of cytomegalovirus.
On Building Intelligence into EagleEyes

EagleEyes is a system that allows the user to control the computer through electrodes placed on the head. For people without disabilities it takes 15 to 30 minutes to learn to control the cursor sufficiently to spell out a message with an onscreen keyboard. We currently are working with two dozen children with profound disabilities to teach them to use EagleEyes to control computer software for entertainment, communication, and education. We have had some dramatic successes.
Mechanism of doping gallium arsenide with carbon tetrachloride during organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy

The rates of decomposition of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), triethylgallium (TEGa), and tertiarybutylarsine (TBAs), and the rate of GaAs film growth, were measured as a function of the process conditions during organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. In addition, the reaction of CCl4 with the GaAs(001) surface was monitored in ultrahigh vacuum using infrared spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and scanning tunneling microscopy. These experiments have revealed that CCl4 adsorbs onto Ga sites, and decomposes by transferring chlorine ligands to other Ga atoms on the surface. Chlorine and gallium desorb from the surface as GaCl, while the carbon incorporates into the lattice. Triethylgallium is consumed by two competing reactions: GaAs film growth and GaCl etching. Depending on the V/III and IV/III ratios and temperature, the etch rate can be high enough to prevent any GaAs deposition.
An interactive FORTRAN program for three-dimensional molecular visualization

Abstract An interactive FORTRAN program executable in the VAX/VMS computer environment has been developed for three-dimensional molecular visualization on the Evans & Sutherland Picture System 390. The essential features of this program are described and the FORTRAN source code is available upon request.
Cell Phone Use among Homeless Youth: Potential for New Health Interventions and Research

Cell phone use has become nearly ubiquitous among adolescents in the United States. Despite the potential for cell phones to facilitate intervention, research, and care for homeless youth, no data exists to date on cell phone use among this population. In 2009, a survey of cell phone use was conducted among a non-probability sample of 169 homeless youth in Los Angeles, CA. Levels of ownership and use, instrumental uses (connecting to case workers, employers) and patterns of connecting to various network types were assessed (family, home-based peers, street-based peers). Differences in socio-demographic characteristics and cell phone ownership were assessed via t test and chi-square statistics. Sixty-two percent of homeless youth own a cell phone; 40% have a working phone. Seventeen percent used their phone to call a case manager, 36% to call either a potential or current employer. Fifty-one percent of youth connected with home-based peers on the phone and 41% connected to parents. Cell phones present new opportunities for intervention research, connecting homeless youth to family and home-based peers who can be sources of social support in times of need. Moreover, cell phones provide researchers and providers with new avenues to maintain connections with these highly transient youth.