cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forebody Wake Efiects on the Aerodynamics of an Annular Parachute

Annular parachute designs potentially ofier the highest drag for hemispherical, nongliding parachute geometries. A concentric double annulus design was recently studied by the US Army to determine its performance and sensitivity to operating conditions. This paper presents time-resolved and time-averaged results from simulations using a ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes ∞ow solver to study the efiects of a forebody wake on the aerodynamics of the double annulus at Reynolds numbers of 8:03¢10 6 and 10:04¢10 6 . The parachute system consists of a large diameter annulus concentric with and ofiset below a smaller diameter annulus, and a payload represented by a ∞at disk. Previous simulations on the annular geometry (McQuilling and Potvin, Journal of Aircraft, 49(2), 566-575, March-April 2012) highlighted the transient nature of the ∞ow around the annuli without a forebody payload. Results indicate a severe reduction in parachute drag at both speeds when a 4ft diameter disk is placed 25 feet upstream of the current annular parachute geometry. This reduction was found to be caused by a wake vortex from the upstream disk that diverts the oncoming air away from the canopy mouth and instead into the canopy sides.
The c-myc Insulator Element and Matrix Attachment Regions Define the c-myc Chromosomal Domain

Insulator elements and matrix attachment regions are essential for the organization of genetic information within the nucleus. By comparing the pattern of histone modifications at the mouse and human c-myc alleles, we identified an evolutionarily conserved boundary at which the c-myc transcription unit is separated from the flanking condensed chromatin enriched in lysine 9-methylated histone H3. This region harbors the c-myc insulator element (MINE), which contains at least two physically separable, functional activities: enhancer-blocking activity and barrier activity. The enhancer-blocking activity is mediated by CTCF. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that CTCF is constitutively bound at the insulator and at the promoter region independent of the transcriptional status of c-myc. This result supports an architectural role of CTCF rather than a regulatory role in transcription. An additional higher-order nuclear organization of the c-myc locus is provided by matrix attachment regions (MARs) that define a domain larger than 160 kb. The MARs of the c-myc domain do not act to prevent the association of flanking regions with lysine 9-methylated histones, suggesting that they do not function as barrier elements.
Test scheduling for core-based systems

We present optimal solutions to the test scheduling problem for core-based systems. We show that test scheduling is equivalent to the m-processor open-shop scheduling problem and is therefore NP-complete. However, a commonly-encountered instance of this problem (m = 2) can be solved in polynomial time. For the general case (m > 2), we present a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for optimal scheduling and apply it to a representative core-based system using an MILP solver. We also extend the MILP model to allow optimal test set selection from a set of alternatives. Finally, we present an efficient heuristic algorithm for handling larger systems for which the MILP model may be infeasible.
Multiple Phage-Based Magnetoelastic Biosensors System for the Detection of Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus anthracis Spores

This paper presents a multiple magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor system for in-situ detection of S. typhimurium and B. anthracis spores in a flowing bacterial/spore suspension (5 x 101 - 5 x 108 cfu/ml). The ME biosensor was formed by immobilizing filamentous phage (specific to each detection target) on the ME platforms. An alternating magnetic field was used to resonate the ME biosensor to determine its resonance frequency. When cells/spores are bound to a ME biosensor surface, the additional mass of the cells/spores causes a decrease in the resonance frequency of the biosensor. The detection system was composed of a control sensor, an E2 phage-based biosensor (specific to S. typhimurium) and a JRB7 phage-based biosensor (specific to B. anthracis spores). The frequency response curves of the ME biosensors as a function of exposure time were then measured and the detection limit of the ME biosensor was observed to be 5 x 103 cfu/ml. The results show that phage-based ME biosensors can detect multiple pathogens simultaneously and offer good performance, including good sensitivity and rapid detection.
A Developmental Guide to the Organisation of Close Relationships

A developmental guide to close relationships is presented. Parent-child, sibling, friend, and romantic relationships are described along dimensions that address permanence, power, and gender. These dimensions describe relationship differences in organisational principles that encompass internal representations, social understanding, and interpersonal experiences. The concept of domain specificity is borrowed from cognitive development to address the shifting developmental dynamics of close relationships. Distinct relationships are organised around distinct socialisation tasks, so each relationship requires its own organisational system. As a consequence, different principles guide different relationships, and these organisational principles change with development.
Seeking structure in records of spatio-temporal behaviour: visualization issues, efforts and applications

Information that contains a geographic component is becoming increasingly prevalent and can be used both to analyse relatively complex behaviours in time and space and to combat the potential for information overload by assessing the geographic relevance of information. Such analysis can be combined with mobile communications technology to fuel location-based services that offer information pertinent in terms of geography, time, experience and preference. This paper aims to raise some issues relating to these advances and describes novel representations designed for interactive graphical exploratory data analysis (EDA). A number of graphical techniques and representation methods are introduced to establish the nature of the kinds of data that are being collected and the suitability of visualization for EDA of spatio-temporal data. These include the interactive views provided by the Location Trends Extractor, 'spotlights'--continuous density surfaces of recorded spatio-temporal activity, networks of morphometric features derived from continuous surfaces representing density of activity and geocentric parallel plots presented in a spatial multimedia environment for data exploration. Some of the benefits and limitations of the techniques are outlined along with suggestions as to how the visualization tools might be utilized and developed to improve our understanding of behaviour in time and space and evaluate and model geographic relevance.
Liquid-phase catalytic transfer hydrogenation and cyclization of levulinic acid and its esters to γ-valerolactone over metal oxide catalysts

Levulinic acid and its esters are converted to γ-valerolactone over metal oxide catalysts by catalytic transfer hydrogenationvia the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reaction.
Association between American Urologic Association (AUA) urinary symptom score and disease stage in men with localized prostate cancer

We assessed the relationship of American Urological Association (AUA) urinary symptom score and tumor stage in men treated for localized prostate cancer. Methods: Participants in our study were found through urology and radiation oncology clinics, and all eligible patients were asked to take part. All patients had been initially diagnosed on the basis of rising PSA or abnormal physical examination. Histological confirmation of diagnosis was obtained for all subjects. Tumor stage was determined by digital rectal examination. 265 men with prostate cancer were studied. Results: There was a significant difference in AUA symptom score in the three disease stages (p � 0.035, one way anova). Tukey’s multiple range B test showed a significant difference between the AUA symptom scores of patients with t3 disease, when compared to patients with t1 and t2 disease (p � 0.05). The range test showed no significant difference between the AUA symptom scores of patients with t1 and t2 disease (p � 0.897). There was a significant difference in mean age of men with t1, t2, and t3 disease (p � 0.001). Men with t2 disease had a mean age of 69 years, as opposed to men with t1 and t3 disease (mean ages 66 and 64, respectively). Tukey’s multiple range B test showed a significant difference (p � 0.05) between the ages of the men with t2 disease and the men with t1 or t3 disease. But there was no significant difference between the ages of the men with t1 and t3 disease. There was no relationship between age and AUA symptom score (r � 0.008, P � 0.89). The AUA symptom score index classifies the symptoms of men with a score of 0 to 7 as mild, 8 to 19 moderate, and 20 and above as severe. According to this classification, 55.6% of the prostate cancer patients we studied had mild symptoms, 37.1% had intermediate symptoms, and 7.3% had severe symptoms. Conclusions: The majority ( � 80%) of prostate cancers are found in the peripheral zone. But prostate cancers associated with urinary symptoms might arise in the periurethral transition zone, where almost all symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy originates. We hypothesize that symptomatic and non-symptomatic prostate cancer may be two distinct disease entities, each with its own characteristic genetic complement. In addition, urologists are actively seeking additional indicators of prostate cancer aggressiveness. Many prostate cancers are quite indolent and may never cause a problem, but it is impossible to identify such tumors with certainty. Further studies of AUA symptom score and outcome would be worthwhile. If AUA symptom score is a predictor of outcome that is independent of t stage, AUA score might be clinically valuable in disease management. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
A simple, inexpensive, one-minute tool to help diagnose periprosthetic infection.

Total hip or knee joint replacement has been one of the great gifts of medicine to mankind. Millions of individuals who would otherwise spend the remainder of their life inactive, limping painfully with a stick or crutches or wheelchair-bound, can now live relatively painless, enjoyable, productive lives. However, the physical and emotional devastation that is wreaked if an infection involving the total joint replacement occurs is almost immeasurable1. Morbidity is substantial and may be permanent. In addition, if revision arthroplasty is required, the mortality rate is elevated and the economic cost to the hospital averages almost four times that of a primary joint replacement2. On the average, a total hip or knee replacement endures about one million cycles of use per year. As a result, these mechanical devices would be expected to eventually loosen and/or wear out. This gradual process may take one or more decades. Bone cement may loosen, and high-density polyethylene spacers may wear down to create pseudo-laxity of the ligaments. The polyethylene wear-particle debris will also excite an erosive inflammatory reaction that further exacerbates the wear process. A …
Properties of Spline Projections

Let X, Y be Hilbert spaces, T be a linear bounded operator that maps X into Y and A ⊂ X be a subset of X.
Powering PA: A Case Study of Distributed Power Generation from Marcellus Shale

A distributed power system consists of a series of small, geographically distributed power generation units, each of which provides power to a single or small set of dedicated customers in the vicinity of the generation unit. Typically, the electricity is sold behind the meter as opposed to being provided through the electric distribution grid, although any excess capacity might be sold as usual through the grid. In this report we study a distributed power generation unit that is powered by natural gas and is also located in the vicinity of a gas well. In such a scenario it would be possible for the power producer to buy the gas locally and use it to satisfy the demand for a dedicated local customer. Beyond the obvious environmental and social benefits from localizing production and usage, such an arrangement could result in economic benefits to (1) the gas producer, from selling close to the source and saving the costs associated with gas transportation, (2) the electricity producer, from cheaper fuel and higher margins in the electricity they sell behind the meter, and (3) to the final consumer, in the form of electricity prices that are lower than the grid price. We study this arrangement using an actual distributed power generation unit along with demand and cost data from an actual potential customer, in order to estimate the overall supply chain savings that could be shared between the various entities. Based upon our analysis we estimate that on the upstream side the overall supply chain efficiency increases by around 22% and for the specific producer we studied, the value of this is estimated to be between approximately $10 and $20 million over a twenty year period, depending on the operating time of the unit. These savings could potentially be shared between the gas producer and the power generator. On the downstream side the overall supply chain efficiency increases by around 42% and for the customer that we studied, the value of this could average approximately $6 million over a twenty year period (for a customer with larger demand this could be higher). These savings could potentially be shared between the electricity generator and the dedicated customer.
Semantic Web and service computation in GIScience applications: a perspective and prospective

Semantic Web and Web services have been two prominent themes in the computer science and IT mainstream for more than a decade. While both of these themes have been evolving, some geographers and GIScientists have been trying to introduce and adopt such new technologies into GIScience research and development. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and the main constraints of semantic Web and Web services technologies and their applications in GIScience. Unless some fundamental problems within both semantic Web and Web services can be resolved, such technologies will be difficult to match the needs in the GIScience community. Besides logics, more sciences and theories have to be introduced into this research front in order to break through the long-term bottleneck in semantic Web and service computation in general.
Radiation Response in the Pink Bollworm: a Comparative Study of Sperm Bundle Production, Sperm Transfer, and Oviposition Response Elicited by Native and Laboratory-reared Males

A native strain of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) collected from infested cotton was compared with a laboratory strain reared for ca. 6 yr on artificial diet to identify differences in radiation response such as mating frequency, sperm-transfer ability, and ovipositional response elicited from females. When males of either strain were treated with 0, 20, or 30 krad of gamma irradiation, mating frequency did not differ significantly between strains at any dose. Also, sperm-transfer ability was not affected by radiation, but native males transferred normal amounts of eupyrene sperm more often than laboratory-reared males. The duplex of native males contained more eupyrene sperm bundles. Males of either strain that mated and transferred normal amounts of eupyrene sperm elicited similar ovipositional response from the females, but the irradiated males elicited a lower egg production.
Abstract No. 214: Chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of its safety and effectiveness in stage BCLC-C versus stage BCLC-B

obtained at baseline prior to DEB TACE and were compared and analyzed with post-treatment scores. Paired t-test was used to compare the score of each domain before and after treatment. Significance levels were set at .05 for all tests. The SAS statistical package v9.2 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) was used for all data managements and analyses. Results: 51 patients with HCC (37 males, 14 females; median age 63 years; range 53-88) were enrolled into the study. The median length of time from first DEB TACE to follow-up survey was 8 weeks. Patients had decreased baseline scores within all eight domains of the SF-36 compared with healthy age-adjusted norms. There were positive trends in the Mental Health (66.7 vs 69.9, p 0.35) and Role-Emotional (52.4 vs 60.3, p 0.22) domains after therapy, however these results were not statistically significant. There were no changes in the General Health (46.8 vs 44.7 p 0.36), Physical Functioning (46.3 vs 43.0, p 0.34), Bodily Pain (55.4 vs 52.2 p 0.32), Vitality (39.4 vs 39.4 p 0.75), and Social Functioning (59.0 vs 58.1, p 0.63), domains. Scores in the Role-Physical domain (problems with work or daily activities as a result of physical health) worsened after initial therapy (36.2 vs 24.5, p 0.02). Conclusion: Patients with HCC are not likely to perceive decreases in general health, physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, emotional problems, or mental health. Patients with HCC are likely to perceive problems with work or daily activities as a result of physical health following treatment with DEB TACE.
American Popular Opinion and the War Against Germany: The Issue of Negotiated Peace, 1942

TIHE Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought war but not unity to the American people. Those who had opposed American policy on the eve of hostilities continued to concede neither the foresight nor necessity of that policy, and remained unreconciled to the government's internationalist assumptions. True, the foreign policy controversy, at least in the terms it had been debated, was adjourned. Patriotism dictated that doubts concerning the war be left unspoken. Nevertheless, although the malcontents were largely silent, numerous wartime polls show that even after the events of early December 1941, many who had previously challenged the need for war with Germany were now sympathetic to an immediate, "honorable" resolution of the conflict. During 1942 such a settlement seemed obtainable through the frequently discussed possibility of negotiations with representatives of the German army. The popularity of such an arrangement was a matter of concern to the administration, which dealt with it much as it had responded to earlier isolationist plans. While peace sentiment produced no peace, the circumstances from which it arose and the government's reaction to it illuminate significant and neglected aspects of American participation in World War II. About ten weeks after the Pearl Harbor attack and the German declaration of war on the United States, President Franklin D. Roosevelt received a confidential report based on polls prepared by Frederick Williams and Hadley Cantril of the Office of Opinion Research at Princeton University. Asked in January "whether they would favor accepting a peace offer made by Hitler on the basis of the status quo," 12 percent of the sample said that they would. When the question was changed to: "If the German Army overthrew Hitler and then offered to stop the war and discuss peace terms," the percentage rose to 30, indicating that, as the social psychologists observed, "a considerable
Extension of the Range of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Pennsylvania

The American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), until recently was recorded only from the southeastern and southwestern counties of Pennsylvania. Since 1968, this species has expanded its range and is reported from 63 of Pennsylvania's 67 counties. This range extension is a matter of concern to the medical community and to physicians throughout Pennsylvania, particularly those with practices in areas where this tick was previously unknown and who may not be familiar with the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
When are primary care physicians untruthful with patients? A qualitative study.

ABSTRACTBackground: Notwithstanding near-universal agreement on the theoretical importance of truthfulness, empirical research has documented gaps between ethical norms and physician behaviors. Although prior research has explored situations in which physicians may not be truthful with patients, it has focused on contexts within specialty practice. In this article, we report on a qualitative study of truthfulness in primary care. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study during December 2014–March 2015 involving both focus groups and in-depth, semistructured interviews with 32 primary care physicians from the Boston, MA, and Baltimore, MD, metro areas in three specialties: internal medicine, family practice, and pediatrics. Interviews and focus groups were led using a semistructured guide, which explored situations in which primary care physicians find it difficult to be honest with patients; factors shaping truthfulness; and rationales for truthful and untruthful communication. Results: While physicians ...
The Neuroses in Clinical Practice by H. P. Laughlin

(1957). The Neuroses in Clinical Practice by H. P. Laughlin. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 342-343.
School Belonging in Different Cultures: The Effects of Individualism and Power Distance

Limited evidence exists on how the larger cultural framework affects psychological processes related to schooling. We investigated how the cultural dimensions of individualism/collectivism and power distance influence the sense of school belongingness using Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2003 survey data on 15-year-old students from 31 countries. Hierarchical linear model analysis indicated that power distance (i.e. hierarchical nature of social relationships) is a better predictor of school belongingness on the cultural level than individualism/collectivism. Accordingly, students living in cultures with high degree of power distance (particularly East Asian countries in these data) report lower school belongingness than students living in cultures with more lateral power relationships (Western countries). Positive teacher student relations and preference for cooperative learning environment predict higher school belongingness across cultures.
D-miner: A framework for mining, searching, visualizing, and alerting on darknet events

Darknet resources are mined for their data in order to provide possible cyber threat intelligence to network operators. Network operators, however, often have limited resources with which to search the darknet for threats. Previous work in this area has failed to address this use case instead focusing on sales volumes, vendor characteristics, and identifying the sale of zero day exploits. In this paper we present D-miner: a modular framework designed to mine data from websites, specializing in darknet sites, and parse the data into JSON objects for searching, visualizations, and alerts. This open source solution to darknet mining is intended to make it easier for network shareholders to monitor the darknet for potential threats. We show how D-miner is customizable for multiple use cases and how it can be used to visualize data to aid analysis.
Delivery Room Resuscitation and Short-Term Outcomes in Moderately Preterm Infants

Objectives To describe the frequency and extent of delivery room resuscitation and evaluate the association of delivery room resuscitation with neonatal outcomes in moderately preterm (MPT) infants. Study design This was an observational cohort study of MPT infants delivered at 290/7 to 336/7 weeks' gestational age (GA) enrolled in the Neonatal Research Network MPT registry. Infants were categorized into 5 groups based on the highest level of delivery room intervention: routine care, oxygen and/or continuous positive airway pressure, bag and mask ventilation, endotracheal intubation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation including chest compressions and/or epinephrine use. The association of antepartum and intrapartum risk factors and discharge outcomes with the intensity of resuscitation was evaluated. Results Of 7014 included infants, 1684 (24.0%) received routine care and no additional resuscitation, 2279 (32.5%) received oxygen or continuous positive airway pressure, 1831 (26.1%) received bag and mask ventilation, 1034 (14.7%) underwent endotracheal intubation, and 186 (2.7%) received cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Among the antepartum and intrapartum factors, increasing GA, any exposure to antenatal steroids and prolonged rupture of membranes decreased the likelihood of receipt of all levels of resuscitation. Infants who were small for GA (SGA) had increased risk of delivery room resuscitation. Among the neonatal outcomes, respiratory support at 28 days, days to full oral feeds and length of stay were significantly associated with the intensity of delivery room resuscitation. Higher intensity of resuscitation was associated with increased risk of mortality. Conclusions The majority of MPT infants receive some level of delivery room resuscitation. Increased intensity of delivery room interventions was associated with prolonged respiratory and nutritional support, increased mortality, and a longer length of stay.
Computational microstructure characterization and reconstruction: Review of the state-of-the-art techniques

Abstract Building sensible processing-structure-property (PSP) links to gain fundamental insights and understanding of materials behavior has been the focus of many works in computational materials science. Microstructure characterization and reconstruction (MCR), coupled with machine learning techniques and materials modeling and simulation, is an important component of discovering PSP relations and inverse material design in the era of high-throughput computational materials science. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of representative approaches for MCR and elaborate on their algorithmic details, computational costs, and how they fit into the PSP mapping problems. Multiple categories of MCR methods relying on statistical functions (such as n-point correlation functions), physical descriptors, spectral density function, texture synthesis, and supervised/unsupervised learning are reviewed. As no MCR method is applicable to the analysis and (inverse) design of all material systems, our goal is to provide the scientific community with a close examination of the state-of-the-art techniques for MCR, as well as useful guidance on which MCR method to choose and how to systematically apply it to a problem at hand. We illustrate applications of MCR on materials modeling and building structure-property relations via two examples: One on learning the materials law of a class of composite microstructures, and the second on relating the permittivity and dielectric loss to a structural parameter in nanodielectrics.
Neurologic Complications of Radiation Therapy

Cranial radiation therapy (CRT) is used to treat a wide range of malignant and benign conditions and is associated with a unique set of risks and complications. Early complications from CRT include fatigue, skin reaction, alopecia, headaches, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, exacerbation of neurologic symptoms, serous otitis media, parotitis, and encephalopathy. Delayed complications include pseudoprogression, radiation necrosis, neurocognitive changes, cerebrovascular effects, migrainelike disorders, cataracts, xerophthalmia, optic neuropathy, hearing loss, tinnitus, chronic otitis, endocrinopathy, and secondary malignancy. This article presents an overview of clinically relevant neurologic complications for CRT, basic pathophysiology of radiation injury, and risk factors for neurologic complications.
Insertion minimalist grammars: eliminating redundancies between merge and move

Minimalist Grammars (MGs) provide a setting for rigourous investigations of ideas that have been proposed at a more intuitive level in mainstream work in generative syntax. I address one such idea, namely the possibility that when an element appears to be "displaced", it might be usefully analysed not as having merged into one position and then moved to another position, but rather as simply having merged into one position, and then merged again into another. Intuitively, there appears to be some redundancy in a system where merge and move are unrelated primitive operations, because the structures that they build are of the same sort. I offer a careful illustration of how a MG variant based upon re-merging can eliminate these redundancies.
Degree of Implementation of the Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers (INTERACT) Quality Improvement Program Associated with Number of Hospitalizations

Objectives To determine whether degree of implementation of the Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers (INTERACT) program is associated with number of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits of skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents. Design Secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Setting SNFs from across the United States (N=264). Participants Two hundred of the SNFs from the randomized trial that provided baseline and intervention data on INTERACT use. Interventions During a 12‐month period, intervention SNFs received remote training and support for INTERACT implementation; control SNFs did not, although most control facilities were using various components of the INTERACT program before and during the trial on their own. Measurements INTERACT use data were based on monthly self‐reports for SNFs randomized to the intervention group and pre‐ and postintervention surveys for control SNFs. Primary outcomes were rates of all‐cause hospitalizations, potentially avoidable hospitalizations (PAHs), ED visits without admission, and 30‐day hospital readmissions. Results The 65 SNFs (32 intervention, 33 control) that reported increases in INTERACT use had reductions in all‐cause hospitalizations (0.427 per 1,000 resident‐days; 11.2% relative reduction from baseline, p<.001) and PAHs (0.221 per 1,000 resident‐days; 18.9% relative reduction, p<.001). The 34 SNFs (12 intervention, 22 control) that reported consistently low or moderate INTERACT use had statistically insignificant changes in hospitalizations and ED visit rates. Conclusion Increased reported use of core INTERACT tools was associated with significantly greater reductions in all‐cause hospitalizations and PAHs in both intervention and control SNFs, suggesting that motivation and incentives to reduce hospitalizations were more important than the training and support provided in the trial in improving outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand the most effective strategies to motivate SNFs to implement and sustain quality improvement programs such as INTERACT.
IEEE ICCA 2018 Keynote Speech 2 : Closed-loop Control of Man and Machine: Insights from Nonlinear, Adaptive and Switched System Methods

Application of an electric field across skeletal muscle causes muscle contractions that produce limb movement. Clinicians have long prescribed electrical stimulation as a means to strengthen muscle; however, there is growing interest in electrical stimulation to evoke coordinated limb motions for functional tasks such as cycling. Motivation for such a cybernetic system includes advanced rehabilitative outcomes (i.e., neuroplasticity and restoration of function) for individuals with neurological disorders. A challenge to developing these outcomes is that muscle activation dynamics are uncertain and nonlinear, and the dynamics of limb motion also require the coordinated switching among multiple muscle groups. Moreover, artificial stimulation of the muscle is highly inefficient, leading to rapid muscle fatigue, which can limit the therapeutic outcomes. This talk focuses on how perspectives from and advances in robotics / robotics / control systems can be used to overcome these challenges. Underlying theories and experimental results for various closed-loop electrical stimulation methods will be described including recent advances in cybernetic cycling where a robotic bicycle is combined with an electrically stimulated person to facilitate various rehabilitative objectives.
Evaluation of an Innovative Bleeding Cricothyrotomy Model.

Objectives Emergency medicine (EM) residents are required to perform a cricothyrotomy during training as per the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) guidelines. Cricothyrotomy is a rare procedure, comprising 0.45% of emergency department airway management procedures. Procedural competence in utilizing a realistic trainer is of utmost importance. We have developed a cricothyrotomy trainer using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printer and innovative bleeding tissue to enhance fidelity. We aim to evaluate the trainer’s realism. Methods Implementation occurred during a difficult airway educational lab for EM residents in April 2018. Participants completed anonymous written surveys after performing a cricothyrotomy on the trainer. The survey evaluated the realism of the trainer and compared it to other available models by utilizing five-point visual analog scales (VAS). The participants rated their comfort level in performing the procedure pre- and post-educational lab on a five-point VAS. Demographic data included postgraduate year, prior clinical cricothyrotomy experience as a primary operator versus as an assistant, and previous trainer experience. The survey included open-response suggestions for trainer improvement. Results Forty-three EM residents completed the survey (82.7%, 43/52). The mean realism rating of the trainer was 3.81 (95% CI = 3.54-4.1). The participants reported previous training on cadaver (62.8%, 27/43), porcine (46.5%, 20/43), and manikin (67.4%, 29/43) models prior to using this trainer. The bleeding cricothyrotomy trainer was rated higher than other models (4.45, 95% CI = 4.28-4.63). Participants noted improved comfort with performing the cricothyrotomy after the educational lab (average improvement of 1.23±0.75). Participants specifically commented on the realism of the bleeding and skin texture; however, they also recommended a reduction in the size of the cricothyroid membrane space. Conclusion The innovative bleeding cricothyrotomy trainer has greater fidelity and reported superiority when compared to other commonly used nonbleeding models. This trainer provides a more advanced platform to teach an infrequent yet critical procedural skill to emergency medicine residents.
Extreme Sub-wavelength Optical Confinement in Nanostructured All-dielectric Silicon Waveguides

Novel approaches for the design of all-dielectric silicon waveguides featuring strong field enhancement and low mode areas are presented. Deeply subwavelength transverse characteristics, previously limited to nano-plasmonic waveguides, are predicted in an all-dielectric platform. © 2019 The Author(s)
Ending Bullying and Harassment: The Case for a Queer Pedagogy

This chapter presents research and conceptual approaches that support the case for integrating queer pedagogy in K-12 classrooms to promote school safety and reduce incidents of bullying and harassment. The first section presents definitions of the related concepts of gendered harassment, bullying, (hetero) sexual harassment, homophobic harassment, and harassment for gender nonconformity. The second section introduces queer pedagogy and how this approach can shift the way schools deal with issues related to violence, embodiment, gender, and sexuality. The third section addresses some of the legal and policy issues involved when addressing forms of bullying and harassment as well as how to use Freire’s concept of praxis to teach “queerly” to disrupt physical, emotional, and verbal violence linked to the heteronormative practices in schools. The chapter concludes by offering several ideas for immediate action and additional resources for further reading and pedagogical application.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone dose response and some physiological effects of transportation on pregnant Brahman cattle.

The appropriate dose and the ability of exogenous ACTH to mimic the physiological effects of a real stressor need to be determined. In Exp. 1, 25 pregnant Brahman heifers were injected i.v. with either 0 (saline), .125, .25, .5, or 1 i.u. of ACTH/kg BW. Plasma cortisol was determined in blood samples collected during a 5-h period, and an integrated cortisol response was calculated for each cow. The greater the dose of ACTH, the greater was the integrated cortisol response (P .6). The plasma cortisol concentrations returned to baseline more slowly in those cows receiving the greater doses of ACTH, making their integrated areas of response greater. In Exp. 2, pregnant Brahman cows were either transported 48 km (n = 28), injected with 1 i.u. of ACTH/kg BW (n = 21), or served as shams (n = 28). Each treatment was repeated at 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 d of gestation. Shrink was greater for the transported cows than for either the ACTH-treated or sham cows, 14.3, 6.0, and 5.2 kg (P < .001). Shrink also decreased in response to each subsequent application of treatment for all three treatment groups (P < .001). Transported cows had lower plasma cortisol concentrations after the first two applications of treatments (P < .006). The range of doses of ACTH caused a similar peak cortisol release; however, it took cortisol longer to return to baseline as ACTH dose increased. Repeated administration of exogenous ACTH did not cause the same amount of shrinkage as transportation, and the resultant cortisol concentrations remained consistent for each administration. There was no apparent carryover effect of repeated administration of ACTH at 20-d intervals. Maximal plasma cortisol concentrations in Brahman cattle can be obtained with doses of ACTH much smaller than those traditionally injected. However, larger doses of ACTH maintained plasma cortisol concentrations for a longer duration. Repeated transportation caused a decrease in cortisol release and shrinkage indicative of psychological habituation. Injections of ACTH did not cause the same physiological response as transportation.
Behavioral Responses to Sensory Stimuli During Play at Community-Based Events

Date Presented 04/06/19 An observation tool was developed and used to record children’s responses to sensory stimuli during play in the community setting. Results suggest significant relationships between high intensity tactile and movement stimuli, and affect. These findings are important for helping to better understand a child’s sensory processing in natural play environments, selecting activities based on sensory properties, and supporting the development of sensory friendly times in the community. Primary Author and Speaker: Kelle DeBoth Additional Authors and Speakers: Paige Brown, Emily Barnard
Laser patterned hydroxyapatite surfaces on AZ31B magnesium alloy for consumable implant applications

Abstract Currently, materials employed for use as consumable prosthetic devices possess uncontrolled degradation via corrosive action and inferior bio-integration characteristics. A material that is biocompatible and mechanically rigid is necessary for osseointegration. In an attempt to address these issues, a novel laser surface engineering approach was used to produce physically patterned hydroxyapatite coatings on the magnesium AZ31B alloy. Variations of two different laser processing parameters, namely laser power (800–1200 W) and laser track separation (0.15–0.9 mm), were explored in conjunction to determine the optimal processing combination. Biocompatibility was subsequently examined via contact angle measurements and performing in-vitro immersions in simulated body fluid. The surface characteristics, microstructure, and phase evolution of post-processed and post-immersed samples were examined using optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. It was confirmed that samples with hydrophilic contact angles correlated to higher degrees of biomineralization and minimal corrosion. These hydrophilic contact angles were realized in samples processed either with low laser power and a higher degree of track overlap or with high laser power and no laser track overlap.
Signaling of Tumor-Induced Immunosuppression of Dendritic Cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that regulate the immune system. In cancers, they uptake tumor-associated antigens, deliver them to T cells, and induce tumor-specific T cell responses. However, tumor cells develop mechanisms to evade the immune system, partly by impairing DC differentiation and function. Functionally deficient DCs may associate with acquisition of tolerogenic/immunosuppressive activities that actively block the development of antitumor immunity, and there is strong evidence supporting the presence of regulatory DCs in different DC subsets. Mechanistic studies reveal that intracellular signaling pathways, such as MAP kinases (MAPKs), JAK/STAT3, PI3 K/Akt, and NF-κB, which are critical to the regulation of DC differentiation, survival, and activity, are found to be hyperactivated both in tumor cells and in DCs in malignancies. The constitutive activation of these pathways in cancer cells leads to tumor cell secretion of cytokines that activate intracellular signaling pathways, particularly p38 MAPKs, in DCs or their progenitor cells and impair DC differentiation and function. In this chapter, we will discuss the dysfunction of DCs and the presence of regulatory DCs in cancer settings. We will focus on the signaling pathways that mediate DC dysfunction, particularly p38 MAPKs, in negatively regulating DC differentiation and function in cancers.
Tetra-kis[μ2-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa-fluoro-2-(tri-fluoro-meth-yl)propan-2-olato]tetra-kis-(μ3-2-methyl-propan-2-olato)octa-copper(I).

The title compound, [Cu8(C4H9O)4(C4F9O)4], crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/n and contains a self-assembly of two C16H18Cu4F18O4 units linked by bridging tert-butyl groups [Cu—O bonds of length 2.3779 (15) and 2.4248 (15) A], generating a centrosymmetric dimer. The asymmetrical unit, C16H18Cu4F18O4, contains an almost square-planar arrangement of the four Cu atoms linked by bridging tert-butyl and perfluorinated tert-butyl groups with Cu—Cu distances ranging from 2.7108 (4) to 2.7612 (4) A and Cu —Cu—Cu angle values close to 90° [ranging from 89.459 (10)° to 90.025 (11)°]. These dimers are further linked by weak C—H⋯F and F⋯F inter­actions. As is commonly encountered in perfluorinated tert-butyl groups, one of the CF3 groups is disordered and was refined with two equivalent conformations with occupancies of 0.74 (3) and 0.26 (3).
Topological Vector Space Valued Measures on Topological Spaces

If X is a compact Hausdorff space space, E is a complete Hausdorff topological vector space and μ : (C(X),ll.ll) → E a linear continuous exhaustive mapping, we rst give a different proof that there is then a unique reqular, L∞-bounded, exhaustive E-valued Borel measure μ on X such that μ(f) = ∫ fdμ, ∀f ∈ C(X). Then we consider X to be a completely regular Hausdorff space and prove the extension of Alexanderov's theorem: X is a completely regular Hausdorff space and μ : C b (X) → E a linear, continuos, exhaustive mapping and F is the algebra generated by zero-sets in X. Then there exist a unique nitely additive, exhaustive measure ν : F → E such that (i) ν is L∞-bounded i.e. the absolute convex hull of ν(F) (Γ(ν(F))) is bounded in E; (ii) ν is inner regular by zero-sets and outer regular by positive-sets; (iii) ∫ fdν = µ(f), ∀f ∈ C b (X).
Utilization of the Baker soil test in synthetic soil preparation for reclamation of coal ash disposal sites

Application of procedures developed for preparation of synthetic soils for reclamation of two coal ash disposal sites in Pennsylvania is presented. These procedures include determination of water holding properties, lime requirement, and the Baker Soil Test (BST) for chemical element analysis. Results from soil and plant analyses following establishment of vegetation on the sites have shown that the BST predicts plant incorporation of chemical elements from the synthetic soils. The results confirm the utility of the BST in planning and executing successful reclamation on disturbed lands in a manner which protects the soil-plant-animal food chain.
Synthesis of L-Ascorbic Acid

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a summary of the methods developed for the synthesis of L-ascorbic acid. L -Ascorbic acid is a white, crystalline solid melting at 192°C and having, in water, a specific rotation at the sodium D line of +24°. In solution, L -ascorbic acid has a pK 1 of 4.17 and a pK 2 of 11.79. The more-acidic proton has been shown by both chemical and physical methods to be that of the 3-hydroxyl group. The structure of L-ascorbic acid in solution has been studied by C-NMR spectroscopy, suggesting that a variety of tautomeric structures is possible. L-Ascorbic acid has also been synthesized from D-galacturonic acid —a hexose derivative not as readily available as D-glucose. In the chapter, the methods of preparation of precursors in the various syntheses are discussed. Many of the methods used for the preparation of analogs are based on the procedures used for the synthesis of L -ascorbic acid. The synthesis and biological activity of a number of these analogs are reviewed in the chapter.
The Influence of Material Quality on Airframe Structural Durability

Previous work on Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloy 7050-T7451 has shown that improved processing to reduce the size of microporosity results in longer fatigue lifetimes. To differentiate this improvement, Alcoa has implemented smooth specimen fatigue testing on a lot release basis to warranty 7050-T7451 thick (5–6 in., 127–153 mm) plate initial fatigue quality. The present study employs a probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis to demonstrate that the material quality improvement verified in the smooth specimen fatigue tests translates to durability performance in actual structures. Microflaw size distributions measured from failed smooth coupon tests serve as the starting point for probabilistic crack growth analysis. Using crack exceedance probability as a basis for durability performance comparison, a hypothetical calculation shows that a fighter aircraft wing fabricated from improved quality metal outperforms the same wing fabricated from unimproved metal.
An intrusion-detection environment for information-security instruction

The authors have developed a versatile tutor for intrusion detection on computer systems. Their tutor is intended for basic training of system administrators and security managers, analogously to an aircraft simulator: It exposes them to important but infrequent crisis situations that are good justifications for computer-assisted training simulators. Their IDTUTOR system has two parts: a simulator of a set of computer-system users that generates audit records for their activities, and an intelligent tutor that assists the student to remediate security problems apparent in the audit records. They modeled Unix systems since there is good documentation about intrusions on them and appropriate responses. The prototype of their system runs on Sun Sparcstations and is implemented in Quintus Prolog. They have used the tutor several times in their introductory computer security course; even with its preliminary version, posttests showed that students learned more about intrusion detection from it than from an equivalent amount of classroom lecture time.