cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Green-emitting poly[(1,3-phenylenevinylene)-alt-(1,4-phenylenevinylene)]s: Effect of the substitution patterns on the optical properties

Green-emitting substituted poly[(2-hexyloxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylenevinylene)-alt-(2,5-dihexyloxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene)]s (6) were synthesized via the Wittig-Horner reaction. The polymers were yellow resins with molecular weights of 10,600. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption of 6 (λ max = 332 or 415 nm) was about 30 nm redshifted from that of poly[(2-hexyloxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylenevinylene)-alt-(1,4-phenyle-nevinylene)] (2) but was only 5 nm redshifted with respect to that of poly[(1,3-phenylenevinylene)-alt-(2,5-dihexyloxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene)] (1). A comparison of the optical properties of 1, 2, and 6 showed that substitution on m- orp-phenylene could slightly affect their energy gap and luminescence efficiency, thereby fine-tuning the optical properties of the poly[(m-phenylene vinylene)-alt-(p-phenylene vinylene)] materials. The vibronic structures were assigned with the aid of low-temperature UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Light-emitting-diode devices with 6 produced a green electroluminescence output (emission λ maX ∼ 533 nm) with an external quantum efficiency of 0.32%. Substitution at m-phenylene appeared to be effective in perturbing the charge-injection process in LED devices.
Bloat in Cattle. X. Efficacy of Poloxalene in Controlling Alfalfa Bloat in Dairy Steers and in Lactating Cows in Commercial Dairy Herds

Abstract Three experiments tested the efficacy of a nonionic surfactant, poloxalene, a polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene block polymer, to control alfalfa bloat. In Experiment I, four Kansas dairy herds were used in the spring of 1964. Half of each herd served as controls and half were fed poloxalene. All were provided succulent alfalfa. The treatments were reversed after seven to ten days. In three herds, poloxalene prevented legume bloat nearly 100% of the time. In the fourth herd, a few poloxalene-treated cows bloated. Raising the level of poloxalene stopped the bloat. On completion of the reversal trial, all cows in two herds were fed poloxalene before pasturing alfalfa. No bloat occurred. In Experiment II (fall of 1964), all cows in four Kansas herds were fed poloxalene before being fed succulent alfalfa. Again, 100% control of bloat was achieved when cows consumed sufficient poloxalene. In Experiment III, 36 dairy steers were used at Iowa State University, Ames. Half served as control and half received poloxalene before being provided succulent alfalfa. During the 113-day trial complete bloat control was achieved when animals consumed at least half the poloxalene offered. Results indicate that effectiveness of poloxalene as a bloat preventive remains constant as the season progresses. An effective level to prevent bloat appears to be at least 10 g poloxalene per 500 kg body weight per feeding.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOW AT A REAR STAGNATION POINT.

An exact rear stagnation point solution is sought for a viscous, incompressible conducting fluid in the presence of a magnetic field. It is found that a steady solution exists only if [Nscr ] ≥ 2, where [Nscr ] = σB2/ρα is the interaction parameter of the flow based upon the normal component of the magnetic field at the wall. Here α is a positive rate of strain, which, for a finite body with length l and velocity U0, is of the order of U0/l.The steady solution is found, and from its existence it is inferred that separation of the viscous boundary layer does not begin at the rear stagnation point when [Nscr ] ≥ 2, and that such separation can be prevented. This supports theoretical work by Moreau (1964) and experimental work of Tsinober, Shtern & Shcherbinin (1963).When [Nscr ] < 2, the flow is necessarily unsteady, and in this case an asymptotic analysis (as t → ∞) similar to that of Proudman & Johnson (1962) is undertaken. For [Nscr ] < 1, the magnetic and non-magnetic flows are qualitatively alike, in that there is a growing inviscid region dominated by eddies, and an ultimately steady layer at the wall representing a viscous forward stagnation point flow.For 1 < [Nscr ] < 2, the inviscid region again grows with time, but no eddies appear. It is thus suggested that for this range of [Nscr ] separation occurs without reversed flow.
Spectroscopy of Bs and Ds mesons

Abstract We study B s and D s spectroscopy in quenched lattice QCD using the Fermilab approach to heavy quarks. We obtain results at four lattice spacings, a , using O(a) -improved Wilson quarks. We compare and contrast the various methods for heavy quarks on the lattice, discussing discussing which methods work best for different physical systems and the ease with which calculations may be performed.
Ovarian development and parity determination in Culiseta melanura (Diptera: Culicidae).

A laboratory colony of Culiseta melanura (Coquillett) was used to follow ovarian development from emergence to oviposition and to validate the accuracy of using follicular dilatations to age grade females. We observed no change in the size of the primary follicles in unfed females from emergence to 3 d of age. Sugar feeding stimulated follicular growth and produced the following 3 types of ovarioles: (1) large primary follicles that eventually developed into functional ovarioles; (2) lesser numbers of small primary follicles that developed small amounts of yolk after blood feeding but degenerated in the latter stages of development; and (3) small primary follicles that did not develop yolk after blood feeding, exhibited accelerated growth, and became rogue ovarioles with multiple false dilatations. The yolk of the small primary follicles that degenerated after blood feeding was resorbed during stage IV of egg development, and the degenerating follicles resembled gonotrophic dilatations in the latter stages of the cycle. This process produced gravid females with some secondary follicles that appeared to possess a gonotrophic dilatation. Other authors have termed these artifacts false or agonotrophic dilatations. Degenerating ovarioles bearing these artifacts were used to determine physiological age in blood fed and gravid Cs. melanura . Nulliparous females in the latter stages of gonotrophic development have single false dilatations on degenerating ovarioles, 1-parous females have 2 false dilatations on degenerating ovarioles. In unfed, nulliparous females, false dilatations can be distinguished from true dilatations because they are attached to secondary follicles that are much smaller than the primary functional follicles that fill most of the ovary. In blood fed and gravid females, follicles that support false dilatations always lack yolk. Rogue ovarioles are unreliable indicators of physiological age and should not be used for diagnostic purposes.
A Method for Cemented Bone Interface Examination Without Polymethylmethacrylate Embedment

Although effective, the embedment of bone tissue and orthopaedic devices using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has challenges and limitations. To embed using PMMA, specimens must first be fixed in 70% ethanol, dehydrated in ascending grades of ethanol, and then infiltrated and polymerized in polymethylmethacrylate using standard techniques. This process can take more than 22 d for large bone specimens. Additionally, PMMA embedment has been shown to dissolve bone cement, thus enabling the analysis of the bone-cement interfaces. To conserve processing time while preserving the bone-cement interface, a method was developed for processing mineralized bone tissue in preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging that does not require PMMA embedment. This technique does not require the traditional dehydration and PMMA polymerization process. Instead, fresh mineralized cemented bone specimens were serially sectioned and the marrow removed after formalin fixation. The sections were air-dried then desiccated. The sections were then prepared for SEM imaging and examination. This process takes a fraction of the tissue processing time while not compromising the bone-cement integrity. The SEM image quality was shown to be comparative to images obtained with PMMA-embedded bone specimens.
A Mössbauer evaluation of cation distribution in titanomagnetites

Abstract Peak area analyses of Mossbauer spectra were used to directly appraise models of cation distribution in synthetic titanomagnetites, TixFe3−xO4(0
Determination of Subnanomolar Levels of Hydrogen Peroxide in Seawater by Reagent-Injection Chemiluminescence Detection

A reagent-injection chemiluminescent method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been developed. The method is based on the catalytic (cobalt (II)) oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline solution. One mixed reagent is used for the analysis using the reagent injection method. The mixed reagent is optimized for pH and concentration of luminol and Co2+. Apart from Fe2+, none of the 14 species tested showed interference at their seawater levels. Because Fe2+ oxidation is rapid compared to the rate of decay of hydrogen peroxide, the Fe2+ interference can be eliminated by storing seawater samples for 1 h. The combination of reagents and the adaptation of reagent injection lead to a subnanomolar detection limit. The accuracy of the method is at least 0.42 nM. The precision of the method is 17 pM (for a 0.57 nM sample). The method has been used aboard ship to determine the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in seawater samples in the open ocean as well as on the continental shelf.
Positive salivary gland biopsy, Sjögren syndrome, and neuropathy: Clinical implications

The relationship between neuropathy and Sjogren syndrome has been predicated largely on sicca symptoms or serological abnormalities rather than salivary gland pathology. We reviewed consecutive neuropathy patients who had had a lip biopsy to identify features of the neuropathy that were associated with a positive lip biopsy suggesting Sjogren syndrome. Twenty of 54 neuropathy patients were biopsy positive; 13 had a painful or nonspecific sensory neuropathy and only 4 were ataxic. Sicca symptoms were not associated with a positive biopsy (P = 0.14). Serological abnormalities were found more often in the biopsy-positive group (P = 0.008), but anti-Sjogren syndrome A or B (anti-SSA or SSB) antibodies were detected in only 30%. There were no other clinical or electromyographic (EMG) features associated with a positive biopsy. From this experience, we conclude that: (1). most patients with neuropathy and a positive lip biopsy for Sjogren syndrome have a painful, distal, sensory axonal neuropathy; (2). there are no clinical or EMG features that are predictive of a positive lip biopsy; (3). ataxic neuropathy is uncommon; and (4). the lack of sicca symptoms or anti-SSA or SSB antibodies in patients with neuropathy does not exclude Sjogren syndrome based upon salivary gland pathology.
Characteristics of Low-Frequency Sea Surface Temperature Fluctuations in the Tropical Atlantic

Abstract Sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Atlantic Ocean are reexamined to investigate an apparent low-frequency oscillation that has been described as a fluctuating dipole structure with poles north and south of the equator and a node near the ITCZ. Using principal components rotated by the varimax method and simple correlations of area-averaged temperatures, we show that during the 1964–88 interval SST anomalies north and south of the ITCZ are not significantly correlated. Therefore, the low-frequency variation, with an apparent decadal period observed in the SST gradient across the ITCZ during 1964–88, does not arise from temporally coherent and out-of-phase fluctuations in each hemisphere and cannot be characterized as a dipole.
Efficacy of lyophilized turkey herpesvirus vaccine against Marek's disease in broilers.

Abstract Field trials involving approximately 1,250,000 chickens vaccinated with cell-free turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine and 635,000 chickens vaccinated with cell-associated HVT vaccine showed both vaccines equally effective in reducing condemnations (attributable to Marek’s disease) at the poultry processing plant. Vaccinated chickens were progeny of hens vaccinated at 1 day of age with cell-associated HVT vaccine. The maternal antibody did not interfere with the ability of either the cell-free or cell-associated HVT vaccine to provide protection for chickens against challenge from the virulent Marek’s disease virus.
Stratigraphic and structural consequences of fault reversal: an example from the Franklinian Basin, Ellesmere Island

Faults involving growth sedimentation displace different beds by different amounts. When a reversal of movement sense occurs on such faults, bedding cutoffs act as a vernier scale, and an immaterial point of no net displacement (null point) migrates along the fault trace. Multiple reversals generate multiple null points, but neighboring points migration in opposite directions and annihilate one another when they meet. As a field example, the authors present stratigraphic evidence for fault reversal from the Franklinian Basin, Ellesmere Island. Backstripping and recognition of the migrating null point permit sequential restoration of the incremental fault displacements. Failure to recognize fault reversals may lead to underestimates of orogenic shortening or to misidentification of accommodation folds.
Mentorship Modes: Strategies for Influencing Interactive Learners

In the age of the Internet, students are clamoring for immersive and participatory learning experiences, but how can teachers share autonomy without losing control of their classrooms? In an effort to address this important question, this article suggests three mentorship modes that educators can employ in order to effectively engage with today’s interactive learners. Lecture-based instruction is a single mode form of teaching in which information is disseminated by a lone authority-figure. In contrast, learning-centered mentorship is a three-mode process in which autonomy is shared and authority flows in multiple directions at once: bottom-up (modeling), laterally (collaborating), and topdown (organizing and supervising). This work draws on research and theories related to student-centered pedagogy, as well as the trial and error experimentation of the author and interviews with successful participatory educators working at Tribeca Flashpoint Media Arts Academy in Chicago, a school devoted almost exclusively to problem-based and project-based learning.
Periodic transmeningeal muscimol maintains its antiepileptic efficacy over three weeks without inducing tolerance, in rats

Periodic transmeningeal administration of muscimol into the neocortical epileptogenic zone via a subdurally implanted device has been proposed for the treatment of intractable focal neocortical epilepsy. It is unknown whether such muscimol applications induce tolerance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether daily transmeningeal (epidural) muscimol applications into the rat parietal cortex induce tolerance to the antiepileptic effect of this drug. Rats were chronically implanted with an epidural cup and adjacent epidural EEG electrodes over the right parietal cortex. After recovery 1.0 mM muscimol was delivered into the implanted cortical area through the cup while the animal behaved freely, once per day for 4 consecutive days in each week, with each delivery followed within 3 min by the delivery of a seizure-inducing concentration of acetylcholine (Ach) into the same area. The study lasted for 3 weeks. In each week, one day was used to test the epileptogenicity of the examined cortical site by replacing muscimol with saline prior to Ach delivery. The duration of Ach-induced EEG seizures was measured in each experimental session to assess the antiepileptic efficacy of muscimol, while the rat's behavior was also monitored. The daily epidural muscimol pretreatments prevented Ach-induced EEG and behavioral seizures in all rats. This antiepileptic action did not diminish over time and was maintained throughout the 3-week test period. When muscimol was replaced with saline, the subsequent Ach administrations induced EEG and behavioral seizures. These results suggest that periodic transmeningeal administrations of a relatively low concentration of muscimol into the neocortex over three weeks do not induce tolerance to the localized antiepileptic effects of this drug.
Strong S-domains

Abstract S -domains and strong S -rings are studied extensively with special emphasis on integral and polynomial ring extensions. The main theorem of this paper is that for a Prufer domain R , the polynomial ring R [ X 1 ,… X n ] in finitely many indeterminates is a strong S -domain. We also prove that any Prufer υ-multiplication domain is an S -domain.
The effect of hyperhydration on physiological and perceived strain during treadmill exercise in personal protective equipment

Work in personal protective equipment (PPE) impairs thermoregulation causing cardiovascular stress, increased core body temperature, and hypohydration. We examined the effect of pretreating first responders performing treadmill exercise in PPE with an infusion of normal saline on physiological and perceptual strain. Ten (eight males, two females) euhydrated subjects performed treadmill exercise on two occasions wearing a chemical resistant coverall, air purifying respirator, butyl gloves, and heavy boots. During the hyperhydration session, normal saline was rapidly infused through an arm vein prior to donning PPE. Exercise duration and maximum core temperature did not differ between euhydrated and hyperhydrated conditions. Perceptual strain index (PeSI) was higher than physiological strain index (PhSI) in the euhydrated condition (P = 0.002) but neither index differed between the control and experimental conditions. Intravenous hyperhydration did not reduce physiological stress, increase exercise, or influence perceptual strain time when compared to the euhydrated condition in moderately fit individuals.
Learning cognitive behavior therapy

Abstract Background and objectives Progress toward establishing treatments for mental disorders has been good, particularly for cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). However, there is considerable room for improvement. The goal of this study was to begin the process of investigating the potential for improving treatment outcome via improving our understanding of learning processes. Methods Individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (N = 20) participated in three computer-delivered CBT lessons for depression. Indices of learning were taken after each lesson, during three phone calls over the week following the lesson, and one week later. These were: (a) whether the participant thought about the lesson, (b) whether the participant applied the lesson, and (c) whether the participant generalized the lesson. Based on a predetermined list of therapy points (i.e., distinct ideas and principles), all participant responses were coded for the number of therapy points they thought about, applied, or generalized following each lesson. Results Less than half of the thoughts and applications were accurate. Generalization, but not thoughts nor application, was associated with improved depression scores one week later. Limitations The follow up period was only one week later and there was no comparison group so we cannot speak to the long term outcome of these measures or generalize to other mental disorders. Conclusions These results point to the importance of improving transfer of learning in CBT and represent a promising first step toward the development of methods to study and optimize learning of CBT so as to improve patient outcomes.
Dispersion engineering for 3D subwavelength imaging using photonic crystals

We experimentally demonstrate subwavelength resolution imaging at microwave frequencies by a three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal flat lens using full 3D negative refraction. The flat lens is made of a body-centered cubic photonic crystal (PhC) whose dispersion at the third band results in group velocity opposite to phase velocity for electromagnetic waves. The photonic crystal was fabricated in a layer-by-layer process. Two different sources (monopole and pinhole) were used as imaged objects and a monopole detector was employed for detection in the image region. By scanning the detector, we obtained the images of the pinhole and monopole sources, seperately. The image of the pinhole sources had subwavelength feature size in all three dimensions, which predicts a 3D imaging capability of the flat lenses. An image of two pinhole sources with subwavelength spacing showed two resolved spots, which further verified subwavelength resolution.
Studies of long-pulse responses in four-wave mixing using a step-modulated probe

An experimental method for examining temporal responses of nonlinear materials has been studied using four-wave mixing with pulses having widths on the order of 100 ns. By using a special probe pulse modulation technique, fast resonant nonlinear mechanisms can be detected in the presence of dominant thermal mechanisms. In addition, the relative strengths of the fast and slow nonlinearities as they appear in the experiment can be estimated by comparing the experimental results to those of a simple theoretical model. Results for several known materials are presented that demonstrate the method and its sensitivity for detecting fast mechanisms. Methods of increasing the sensitivity are discussed. >
Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone in the dog.

Low circulating levels of plasma dehydroepiandrosteronc have been found in the dog. A negligible adrenocortical secretion of this steroid apparently takes place in this animal species. Following the intravenous administration of pregnenolone and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to the dog, high plasma levels of conjugated dehydroepiandrosterone have been found. The tissues in the dog leg may perform such a conversion. Different theories pertinent to the origin of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone in the dog have been discussed, since dogs lacking adrenals, tcstis and liver can still convert tritiated pregnenolone to tritiated dehydroepiandrosterone.
When Local Models Fail

Models treating the simple properties of social groups have a common shortcoming. Typically, they focus on the local properties of group members and the features of the world with which group members interact. I consider economic models of bureaucratic corruption, to show that (a) simple properties of groups are often constituted by the properties of the wider population, and (b) even sophisticated models are commonly inadequate to account for many simple social properties. Adequate models and social policies must treat certain factors that are not local to individual members of the group, even if those factors are not causally connected to those individuals.
Improved curve tracing in images

This paper begins with a description of the curve tracing problem and compares it with curve extraction, a fundamentally different problem. Issues concerning curve tracing are addressed. We discuss a good curve tracing algorithm proposed by Carsten Steger and improve this method to suit the goals of curve tracing. Results show that the improved algorithm emulates human perception by using both global and local features.
A 15 kA linear transformer driver

The design of a 15 kA linear transformer driver (LTD) is presented. The specific goal of this LTD was improved energy density over the 500 J compact Marx generator previously designed and built at Texas Tech's Pulsed Power lab [1]. The design of an individual 50 joule, 30 kV stage is discussed. For successful operation of the LTD, multiple spark gaps have to be fired with low jitter. Possible approaches for the design of a compact, low jitter triggering circuit will be presented as well.
Decreased default mode neural modulation with age in schizophrenia.

Objective Previous studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia have less modulation of the task-positive and default mode neural networks during novelty detection. The diminished modulation may be interpreted as less functional activation of the task-positive network and less functional deactivation of the default mode network. The relationship between network modulation and age has not been assessed in patients with a long duration of illness. Method Seventeen patients with schizophrenia (age range, from 34 to 60 years) with minimum disorder duration of 15 years and 28 demographically similar comparison subjects (age range, from 36 to 58 years) from the Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium database completed the auditory oddball discrimination task. Independent component analysis identified temporally cohesive but spatially distributed neural networks. Results Group membership (F [1, 41] = 7.17, p=0.011) and the interaction of group and age (F [1, 41] = 6.92, p=0.012) affected the modulation of the anterior default mode network. Duration of illness was also significantly related to the modulation of the anterior default mode network (t [2, 15] = 2.24, p Conclusions These findings show evidence of changes in the temporal modulation of the anterior default mode network with age and duration of illness in patients with schizophrenia. The loss of negative modulation of the anterior default mode network suggests that neural functions in schizophrenia may not be "static" later in the disease course.
Combined Satellite- and Surface-Based Observations of Clouds

Abstract A new method for combining satellite and surface-based cloud observations into a self-consistent three-dimensional field is presented. This method derives the probabilities of the cloud states, which are most consistent with all of the observations and assumptions concerning the nature and relative uncertainties of the observations. It is applied to a three-layer atmosphere using monthly satellite- and surface-based cloud observations. The reconstructions of the observed fields usually lead to modifications of the surface-observed low cloud amount of less than 0.008 fractional cloud cover. Over the ocean the satellite-view low cloud amounts are usually decreased by between 0.06 and 0.12 for most of the middle latitudes and southeastern tropical Pacific. Over land the adjustments in the satellite low cloud amounts are generally smaller. The method leads to increases in satellite high cover of between 0.03 and 0.09 over most regions, and increases in middle cloud cover of up to around 0.03 over the...
Maternal Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate Exposure Influences Essential Fatty Acid Homeostasis in Rat Placenta

Maintaining essential fatty acid (EFA) homeostasis during pregnancy is critical for fetal development. As the organ that controls the maternal-to-fetal supply of nutrients, the placenta plays a significant role in guiding EFA transfer to the fetus. Many EFA homeostasis proteins are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, might influence EFA homeostasis via trans-activation of PPARs with subsequent downstream effects on EFA transporters and enzymes. To investigate DEHP's effect on placental/fetal EFA homeostasis, female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally gavaged with either vehicle or DEHP at 750 or 1500 mg/kg/day from gestational day (GD) 0 to GD 19. Changes in the expression of several EFA homeostasis regulating proteins were determined in the junctional (JXN) and labyrinthine (LAB) zones of the placenta, including PPAR isoforms (alpha, beta and gamma), fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm), heart cytoplasmic fatty acid binding protein (HFABP), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A1, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2. Additionally, effects of DEHP maternal exposure on the placental transfer and fetal distribution of representative EFAs, arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the placental production of prostaglandins (PGs) were investigated. Expression of PPARalpha, PPARgamma, FAT/CD36, FATP1, HFABP and CYP4A1 was up-regulated in JXN and/or LAB while COX-2 was down-regulated in JXN. PPARbeta, FABPpm, and COX-1 demonstrated variable expression. Reduced directional maternal-to-fetal placental transfer and altered fetal distribution of AA and DHA were observed in concordance with a decreased total placental PG production. These results correlate with previous in vitro data, suggesting that DEHP could influence placental EFA homeostasis with potential downstream effects in the developing fetus.
Current management of gestational trophoblastic diseases.

Abstract Objectives This review was undertaken to describe current understanding of the natural history of molar pregnancy and persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) as well as recent advances in their management. Materials and methods Recent literature related to molar pregnancy and GTN was thoroughly analyzed to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of their pathogenesis and treatment. Results Studies in patients with familial recurrent molar pregnancy indicate that dysregulation of parentally imprinted genes is important in the pathogenesis of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM). CHM is now being diagnosed earlier in pregnancy in the first trimester changing the clinical presentation and making the histologic appearance more similar to partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) and hydropic abortion. While the classic presenting symptoms of CHM are less frequent, the risk of developing GTN remains unchanged. Flow cytometry and immunostaining for maternally-expressed genes are helpful in distinguishing early CHM from PHM or hydropic abortion. Patients with molar pregnancy have a low risk of developing persistent GTN after achieving even one non-detectable hCG level (hCG Conclusion Our understanding of the natural history and management of molar pregnancy and GTN has advanced considerably in recent years. While most patients can anticipate a high cure rate, efforts are still necessary to develop effective new second-line therapies for patients with drug-resistant disease.
Cytokine elevation and transaminitis after laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.

Acute kidney injury frequently occurs in the critically ill and often progresses into multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, resulting in high mortality. We previously showed that nephrectomized mice had...
Exploring Implicit Partisanship: Enigmatic (But Genuine) Group Identification and Attraction

Briefly studying names of four members of a hypothetical group produces identification with and attraction to that group, a finding labeled implicit partisanship (IP; Greenwald, Pickrell, & Farnham, 2002). The original demonstration of IP used human groups in a competitive context. Experiments 1 and 2 varied these procedures by using, respectively, a cooperative intergroup context and non-human group members (fictitious car brands). Neither of these variations eliminated the IP effect, indicating unanticipated robustness. Experiment 3 revealed a substantial reduction of the IP effect’s magnitude when the studied names represented a rival university. The reduction of IP through identity opposition supports the interpretation that spontaneous group identification effects carry psychological significance that is comparable to that of more ordinary group identifications.
Danger Zones: Risk Perceptions of Young Women From Families With Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is predictive, not prophetic. Families frequently rely on multigenerational stories to make sense of the inherent ambiguity as they face medical decisions and navigate life's journeys. This study asks young women with elevated genetic risk how family histories with cancer and experiences with health professionals inform their beliefs about risk and susceptibility to HBOC. Twenty-two women aged 22-36 who carry a BRCA mutation completed illness genograms and open-ended interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using a narrative tool that emphasizes the use of voice to highlight key relationships and meaning structures. Findings reveal that beliefs about risk are more firmly grounded in family experiences with cancer than in biomedical research. Pervasive meanings included (1) the presence of "danger zones," specific ages at which cancer risk was believed to increase dramatically, and (2) the experience of "the wait and the worry," in which participants felt increased urgency to achieve family development goals (i.e., child bearing) and limited control over environmental factors influencing when these goals could be met (i.e., meeting a life partner). A clinical case example and research implications are discussed.
Complete Genome Sequence of Coxsackievirus B1 Isolated during Case Outbreaks in 2007 in the United States

ABSTRACT In 2007, clusters of severe coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) infection occurred across the United States, and CVB1 became the most commonly reported enterovirus. The complete genome sequence of CVB1 isolated from an infant (CVB1-Chi07) was examined and found to be divergent from the Conn5 reference strain, with 80% and 96% similarities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively.
The Clearance Mechanism of Chilled Blood Platelets

Platelet transfusion is a very common lifesaving medical procedure. Not widely known is the fact that platelets, unlike other blood cells, rapidly leave the circulation if refrigerated prior to transfusion. This peculiarity requires blood services to store platelets at room temperature, limiting platelet supplies for clinical needs. Here, we describe the mechanism of this clearance system, a longstanding mystery. Chilling platelets clusters their von Willebrand (vWf) receptors, eliciting recognition of mouse and human platelets by hepatic macrophage complement type 3 (CR3) receptors. CR3-expressing but not CR3-deficient mice exposed to cold rapidly decrease platelet counts. Cooling primes platelets for activation. We propose that platelets are thermosensors, primed at peripheral sites where most injuries occurred throughout evolution. Clearance prevents pathologic thrombosis by primed platelets. Chilled platelets bind vWf and function normally in vitro and ex vivo after transfusion into CR3-deficient mice. Therefore, GPIb modification might permit cold platelet storage.
Radiology Resident Recruitment: Robustness in an Uncertain Environment

As most of you are now aware, these are parlous times for Radiology. The long run up in case volume has peaked. Although your practice may be still be experiencing growth, for most of us we are now entering a period of retrenchment. The multi-decade expansion of our discipline has been accompanied by a 12 year interval of expansion of residency programs and now the former dearth in the number of newly minted specialists in our discipline has become a surplus.
California's Territorial Turn in Choice of Law

California courts have been world leaders in the field of conflict of laws. They helped launch the modern conflicts revolution in the 1950s and became the internationally preeminent proponents of the modern choice of law approach known as comparative impairment in the 1960s.Under the traditional approach (codified by the First Restatement of Conflicts in 1934) all jurisdictions applied the law of the place of the wrong or injury. This meant California courts would recognize defenses available under Alabama law if an accident occurred in Alabama even if all the parties were from California and there was no good policy reason for applying Alabama law. For example, if Alabama recognized spousal immunity, a California spouse injured in Alabama was barred from suing her California spouse in California. (A more contemporary example would be the application in California of an Alabama law that refused to provide loss of consortium for same-sex spouses.)California helped lead the country away from the rigid territorialism of the traditional approach. Today most American courts will consider the policies behind laws in conflict. They will not apply the law of the place of an accident unless doing so advances a legitimate policy of that state. For example, Alabama would have no interest in barring tort actions between California residents brought in California state courts — or in refusing to recognize the right of same-sex California resident to loss of consortium. So California would not apply Alabama law in such cases.The accompanying draft Article undertakes a thorough study of recent California decisions and places them in historical context. It concludes that, while continuing to give lip service to the comparative impairment approach, California decisions since 2000 have veered sharply towards giving overwhelming weight to territorial factors. Two recent supreme court decisions, McCann (2010) and Sullivan (2011) give an even more extreme form to territorialism that did the First Restatement of 1934.No scholarship has addressed this dramatic shift. Its relevance for California and the majority of state courts that follow a modern policy-oriented approach to choice of laws is obvious. But California’s shift has larger national and even international implications for understanding the commitment of American courts to the modern approach to conflicts and for evaluating the legacy of the “revolution” that began in the 1950s.
Effects of a human-derived sodium transport inhibitor on in vitro vascular reactivity.

Concentrations of sodium-transport inhibitors (STI) which block the sodium-potassium-ATPase pump are increased in the plasma and urine of volume-expanded and low-renin hypertensive humans and animals. To evaluate the physiologic relevance of STI to blood-pressure-raising mechanisms, we have examined the in vitro properties of STI extracted from the urine of human subjects. STI produced a significant (by ANOVA: P less than .01) dose-contraction response in the isolated rabbit femoral artery. Moreover, small noncontractile doses of STI in this in vitro preparation produced a fivefold leftward shift in the contraction dose-response curve of norepinephrine (P less than .01) and a threefold shift for angiotensin II (P less than .01); at lower, physiologic, concentrations of these vasoconstrictor hormones the amplifications in contraction caused by STI ranged from 100% to 500%. In studies in calcium-free tissue bath solutions, the direct contractile action of STI was abolished; however, its amplification of responses to norepinephrine remained, suggesting that this latter effect of STI is not entirely dependent upon calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells. The glycoside ouabain produced effects identical to those of STI in arteries, but its actions on a rabbit atrium preparation were different: ouabain stimulated powerful inotropic effects, whereas human STI failed to cause myocardial contractions even though the amounts of STI administered had the same sodium-transport inhibitory capacity as the ouabain. Thus, the actions of human STI are primarily in the peripheral circulation, where they directly produce arterial contractions and also enhance contractile responses to other pressor hormones, suggesting that they may have a role in regulating systemic blood pressure.
Possible Deleterious Effects of Releasing Anastatus kashmirensis , a Facultative Hyperparasite of the Gypsy Moth

Anastatus kashmirensis Mathur (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), an egg parasite imported from India for release against the gypsy moth in North America, attacks other gypsy moth parasites. It develops on one of them ( Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) more readily than does the related, established species A. disparis Ruschka. Based on this fact, and because A. kashmirensis appears to be no more able to parasitize deeper eggs in gypsy moth egg masses than the established egg parasites, we suggest that it should not be released in North America. This report emphasizes the importance of prerelease assessment of exotic parasites and cautions against hasty evaluations based on comparisons with related species.
Associations between Imagined Interactions and the “Big Five” Personality Traits:

This research examined the correlation between imagined interactions (IIs), a type of social cognition and intrapersonal communication, and the various personality traits that constitute “The Big 5.” A canonical correlation analysis revealing the association between attributes and functions of imagined interactions and Big 5 personality traits in an attempt to further define the experience of having imagined interactions as a personality trait is presented. Frequency and neuroticism were found to have a relationship, in addition to frequency and openness. Additional linkages revealed include: non-discrepant II's and conscientiousness and extraversion; catharsis and relational maintenance and conscientiousness and neuroticism; and relational maintenance and neuroticism/lack of conscientiousness. Results are discussed in terms of a heritability model of traits and Freudian personality theory in terms of poetic imagination.
Phase diagrams of Ba Ti O 3 ∕ Sr Ti O 3 superlattices from first principles

A first-principles-based technique is used to determine the temperature versus misfit strain phase diagram of epitaxially grown (001) $\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}∕\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ superlattices of different periods. Short superlattices exhibit a phase diagram that resemble that of (001) $\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films under short-circuit-like conditions. On the other hand, original domain patterns with unusual atomistic features occurred in the longer superlattices. The reason behind such a dramatic difference between short and longer superlattices is discussed.
Comparative effects of in ovo versus subcutaneous administration of the Marek's disease vaccine and pre-placement holding time on the early post-hatch quality of Ross × Ross 708 broiler chicks,

Effects of method of administration [moa; in ovo (i.o.) or s.c.] of the Marek's disease vaccine and pre-placement holding time (pht) on early post-hatch male broiler chick quality was investigated. Sixty-five Ross × Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs were randomly set in each of 15 replicate trays (blocks) belonging to each of 4 pre-assigned moa and pht treatment combinations (3,900 total eggs) in a single stage Jamesway incubator. Eggs that were i.o.-vaccinated received injections at 18 d of incubation and male chicks from eggs that were not i.o.-injected were vaccinated by s.c. injection at hatch. The i.o. injections (50 μL) were delivered by a commercial multi-egg injector and the s.c. injections (200 μL) were delivered by an automatic pneumatic s.c. injector. Male chicks from each moa group also were subjected to either a 4 or 18 h pht. At hatch and placement total and yolk-free BW; body length; body mass index; yolk sac weight; yolk-free body and yolk sac weights as percentages of total BW; and yolk-free body and yolk moisture concentrations were determined. Chick BW also was determined at 7 d of age. Hatchability of fertile eggs was not affected by i.o. injection. However, at hatch, body length was increased and body mass index was decreased in response to i.o. injection. No main effect of moa or an interactive effect with pht was observed for the above variables at placement. However, body length was longer and body mass was lower in the 18 h than in the 4 h pht chicks. Placement yolk sac and body weights, and the 7 d BW of 18 h pht chicks was also lower than that of 4 h pht chicks. In conclusion, prolonging pht for 14 h adversely affected early chick quality, whereas i.o. injection did not negatively affect the early post-hatch quality of Ross × Ross 708 broiler chicks whether or not they were held for 4 or 18 h prior to placement.
Butyrate induces selective transcriptional activation of a hypomethylated embryonic globin gene in adult erythroid cells.

An animal model of hemoglobin switching has been developed in which anemic adult chickens are treated with 5-azacytidine and sodium butyrate or alpha-aminobutyric acid, thereby resulting in activation of the embryonic rho-globin gene in adult erythroid cells. In vitro nuclear runoff transcription assays using erythroid nuclei from treated birds show that the mechanism of activation of the rho-globin gene is transcriptional whereas no transcriptional activation of the embryonic epsilon-globin gene occurs. The action of 5-azacytidine appears to be as an inhibitor of DNA methylation because other S-phase active cytotoxic drugs, when substituted for 5-azacytidine, do not cause demethylation of the embryonic globin genes, nor do they allow transcriptional activation to occur. Embryonic rho-globin gene activation in this model is not due to selection of primitive erythroid cells since a subpopulation of primitive erythroid cells is not evident either morphologically or when cells are probed for embryonic and adult globin RNA by in situ hybridization. These studies show that demethylation by 5-azacytidine is a prerequisite but not sufficient cis- regulatory event for a high level of transcriptional activation of the embryonic rho-globin gene in adult erythroid cells in vivo. The possible basis for the selective transcriptional activation by sodium butyrate in this system is discussed.
The structure and stability of Bn+ clusters

The geometries of B+n clusters for n less than 14 have been optimized using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional. The most stable structure for each cluster is planar or quasi-planar. The B3LYP fragmentation energies are calibrated using coupled cluster theory. Overall, our corrected fragmentation energies are in reasonable agreement with experiment. Our results are compared with previous theoretical results.
Recipient Design in Formulation

As mentioned in Chapter 5, how the pharmacist chooses to formulate and reformulate a technical referent or process contributes to the recipient-designed quality of his/her turn. Since one of the goals of the patient consultation is to build a caring relationship with patients, and both interns expressed interest in showing empathy toward patients (my field notes), this chapter examines how the interns changed in their formulation and reformulation of objects and processes toward more recipient-designed manners as part of their interactional competence development. I focus on how Jim and Mai formulated similar referents and processes and employed reformulations as their respective internships progressed.