cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the share of equity sought in cross-border acquisitions

The extent of ownership in foreign market entry is an important topic in the entry mode literature. Yet the determinants of the share of ownership sought in cross-border acquisitions (CBAs) have not received much research attention. Drawing on multiple theoretical explanations, we develop and test hypotheses on factors influencing the share of equity sought by foreign firms in CBAs. Findings based on a sample of CBAs by US firms show that the share of equity sought is influenced by many factors, including the cost of valuing local firm assets, difficulty in integrating local firm managers in culturally distant countries, the cost of separating desired assets from the rest of the local firm, and the cost of resource commitment under exogenous uncertainty.
Thermodynamics of the hydrogen-nickel system

Careful measurements of the hydrogen solubility at atmospheric pressure in nickel in equilibrium with H2-gas have confirmed previous observations that the partial thermodynamic functions of H in Ni exhibit a strong temperature dependence. This effect, rendered visible by the large range of reciprocal temperature spanned by the data, is not due to interactions between dissolved H-atoms and lattice imperfections, but simply to the thermal excitation of the quantum energy levels of the dissolved H-atoms which may be approximated to harmonic oscillators.
Morphological, chemical and antigenic characterization of cell walls of the oral pathogenic strains Actinomyces viscosus T14V and T14AV

Abstract The morphology, chemistry and serology of cell walls isolated from A. viscosus T14V and T14AV were compared. Morphologically, strain T14AV cell walls lacked fibrils and were 10–14 per cent thicker than strain T14V cell walls. The cell walls of strain T14V contained more 6-deoxytalose, rhamnose, aspartic acid and threonine, whereas strain T14AV contained more glucose and galactosamine. The results support a peptidoglycan structure of N -acetylgucosamine: N -acetylmuramic acid:alanine:glutamic acid:lysine:ornithine with a molar ratio of 1:1:2:2:1:1. Lancefield extracts of cell walls from strain T14V contained more of virulence associated antigen 1 and top-common antigen.
BACE Maps to Chromosome 11 and a BACE Homolog, BACE2, Reside in the Obligate Down Syndrome Region of Chromosome 21

Abundant deposition of amyloid-β (in senile plaques) is a key neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The major component of plaques is the 39– to 43–amino acid amyloid-β peptide. Amyloid-β is generated via proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by two
Current technology in assessing painless and painful ischemia

Recent technologic advances have yielded diverse techniques for studying myocardial ischemia, a useful functional expression of coronary artery disease. These techniques have revealed new characteristics and expanded our understanding of myocardial ischemia. In turn this has led to the establishment of more realistic and discriminating criteria on which to base diagnostic and management decisions. Many of the techniques are noninvasive and can be performed in the cardiologist's office. These include treadmill exercise testing; radioisotope techniques, including ejection fraction studies, stress thallium scintigraphy, and tomographic imaging; and ambulatory monitoring. Other, newer techniques include provocative tests that induce ischemia in patients who cannot exercise. These new noninvasive tests should be used to detect transient ischemia, estimate its severity, and thus record a measure of the patient's risk for adverse coronary events.
Type-definable and invariant groups in o-minimal structures

Let M be a big o-minimal structure and G a type-definable group in M n . We show that G is a type-definable subset of a definable manifold in M n that induces on G a group topology. If M is an o-minimal expansion of a real closed field, then G with this group topology is even definably isomorphic to a type-definable group in some M k with the topology induced by M k . Part of this result holds for the wider class of so-called invariant groups: each invariant group G in M n has a unique topology making it a topological group and inducing the same topology on a large invariant subset of the group as M n .
Human Dimensions of Earthworm Invasion in the Adirondack State Park

The invasion of exotic earthworms in the Northern Forest of the United States alters carbon and nitrogen cycles and reduces forest litter and native plant cover. Humans are the principal agents of dispersal, spreading earthworms both inadvertently via horticulture, land disturbance, and in the tires and underbodies of vehicles, and voluntarily through composting and the improper disposal of fish bait. A study in Webb, NY—a town located within the Adirondack State Park, one of the most celebrated cultural and ecological regions in the US—exposes the human dimensions of earthworm invasion. Environmental history research, interviews with residents and bait sellers, and a mail survey of town residents show that positive attitudes towards earthworms and their ecological effects lead to casual disposal or use of them. Earthworm use is a strong cultural practice and the risk of their continued introduction in the Adirondacks is high.
Hierarchical Model-Based Activity Recognition With Automatic Low-Level State Discovery

Activity recognition in video streams is increasingly important for both the computer vision and artificial intelligence communities. Activity recognition has many applications in security and video surveillance. Ultimately in such applications one wishes to recognize complex activities, which can be viewed as combination of simple activities. In this paper, we present a general framework of a Dlevel dynamic Bayesian network to perform complex activity recognition. The levels of the network are constrained to enforce state hierarchy while the Dth level models the duration of simplest event. Moreover, in this paper we propose to use the deterministic annealing clustering method to automatically define the simple activities, which corresponds to the low level states of observable levels in a Dynamic Bayesian Networks. We used real data sets for experiments. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
The Human Development Sequence and Outgroup Tolerance

In their work on the Human Development Sequence, Inglehart and Welzel (2005) argue that there is a “rising tide” of gender equality across various countries in the system. This is based on findings from the World Values Survey (WVS) that show a relationship between rising values of self-expression and more positive responses on a variety of questions related to gender issues. While the authors argue that the process that holds true for a rising tide in women’s rights is also true for other outgroups including minorities and homosexuals, they do not test their proposed relationship on feelings toward these groups. The present work performs an empirical test examining whether the processes described in the Human Development Sequence produce a similar “rising tide” in tolerance toward homosexuality, and examine the effects of economic development and modernization alongside hypotheses regarding the effects of policy heteronormativity on citizen tolerance. The results show mixed support for hypotheses drawn from the work of Inglehart and Welzel (2005), but indicate that heteronormativity in government policies may have an impact on levels of tolerance.
Synovial sarcoma of the head and neck; chromosomal translocation (X; 18) as a diagnostic aid.

Background Synovial sarcoma, a rare tumor in the head and neck, has been historically diagnosed by its characteristic biphasic histologic pattern. Monophasic variants exist which can be difficult to diagnose. Methods Two cases of synovial sarcoma of the head and neck are presented. In both cases, cytogenetic analysis was performed using standard protocols. Results Both tumors demonstrated a chromosomal translocation, t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2), which either made or confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusions Synovial sarcoma contains a characteristic chromosomal translocation which is a useful diagnostic tool, especially when histologic studies are equivocal. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 19:549–553, 1997.
In vivo multiplex quantitative analysis of 3 forms of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone in pituitary of prolyl endopeptidase deficient mice

In vitro reactions are useful to identify putative enzyme substrates, but in vivo validation is required to identify actual enzyme substrates that have biological meaning. To investigate in vivo effects of prolyl endopeptidase (PREP), a serine protease, on alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), we developed a new mass spectrometry based technique to quantitate, in multiplex, the various forms of α-MSH. Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), we analyzed peptide transitions to quantify three different forms of α-MSH. Transitions were first confirmed using standard peptides. Samples were then analyzed by mass spectrometry using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, after elution from a reverse phase C18 column by a gradient of acetonitrile. We first demonstrate in vitro that PREP digests biological active alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH1–13), by cleaving the terminal amidated valine and releasing a truncated alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH1–12) product – the 12 residues α-MSH form. We then use the technique in vivo to analyze the MRM transitions of the three different forms of α-MSH: the deacetylated α-MSH1–13, the acetylated α-MSH1–13 and the truncated form α-MSH1–12. For this experiment, we used a mouse model (PREP-GT) in which the serine protease, prolyl endopeptidase, is deficient due to a genetrap insertion. Here we report that the ratio between acetylated α-MSH1–13 and α-MSH1–12 is significantly increased (P-value = 0.015, N = 6) in the pituitaries of PREP-GT mice when compared to wild type littermates. In addition no significant changes were revealed in the relative level of α-MSH1–13 versus the deacetylated α-MSH1–13. These results combined with the demonstration that PREP digests α-MSH1–13 in vitro, strongly suggest that α-MSH1–13 is an in vivo substrate of PREP. The multiplex targeted quantitative peptidomics technique we present in this study will be decidedly useful to monitor several neuropeptide enzymatic reactions in vivo under varying conditions.
Liquidity as an Investment Style

This paper develops an Earnings-Based Liquidity Strategy that invests in both value and illiquidity 2 . We first show that liquidity, as measured by stock turnover or trading volume, is an economically significant investment style that is distinct from traditional investment styles such as size, value/growth, and momentum. We then introduce and examine the performance of several portfolio strategies, including a Volume Weighted Strategy, an Earnings Weighted Strategy, an EarningsBased Liquidity Strategy, and a Market Cap-Based Liquidity Strategy. Our backtest research shows that the Earnings-Based Liquidity Strategy offers the highest return and the best risk-return tradeoff, while the Volume Weighted Strategy does the worst. The superior performance of the Earnings-Based Liquidity Strategy is due to equilibrium, macro, and micro reasons. In equilibrium, liquid stocks sell at a liquidity premium and illiquid stocks sell at an illiquidity discount. Investing in illiquid stocks thus pays. Second, at the macro level, since higher supply of overall financial capital makes all stocks more liquid, the strategy benefits from the growing level of financialization of assets in the world, which increases the global supply of financial capital, making today’s less liquid securities increasingly more liquid over time. Other things equal, this trend implies higher future valuations for today’s illiquid stocks. Finally, at the micro level, the strategy avoids, or invests less, in popular, heavily traded glamour stocks and favors out-of-favor stocks, both of which tend to revert to more normal, earnings-adjusted trading volume over time.
Mineral weathering and elemental transport during hillslope evolution at the Susquehanna/Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory

Located in the uplands of the Valley and Ridge physiographic province of Pennsylvania, the Susquehanna/Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHO) is a tectonically quiescent, first-order catchment developed on shales of the Silurian Rose Hill Formation. We used soil cores augered at the highest point of the watershed and along a subsurface water flowline on a planar hillslope to investigate mineral transformations and physical/chemical weathering fluxes. About 25 m of bedrock was also drilled to estimate parent composition. Depletion of carbonate at tens of meters of depth in bedrock may delineate a deep carbonate-weathering front. Overlying this, extending from � 6 m below the bedrock–soil interface up into the soil, is the feldspar dissolution front. In the soils, depletion profiles for K, Mg, Si, Fe, and Al relative to the bedrock define the illite and chlorite reaction fronts. When combined with a cosmogenic nuclide-derived erosion rate on watershed sediments, these depletion profiles are consistent with dissolution rates that are several orders of magnitudes slower for chlorite (1–5 � 10 � 17 mol m � 2 s � 1 ) and illite (2–9 � 10 � 17 mol m � 2 s � 1 ) than observed in the laboratory. Mineral reactions result in formation of vermiculite, hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, and minor kaolinite. During weathering, exchangeable divalent cations are replaced by Al as soil pH decreases. The losses of Mg and K in the soils occur largely as solute fluxes; in contrast, losses of Al and Fe are mostly as downslope transport of fine particles. Physical erosion of bulk soils also occurs: results from a steady-state model demonstrate that physical erosion accounts for about half of the total denudation at the ridgetop and midslope positions. Chemical weathering losses of Mg, Na, and K are higher in the upslope positions likely because of the higher degree of chemical undersaturation in porewaters. Chemical weathering slows down in the valley floor and Al and Si even show net accumulation. The simplest model for the hillslope that is consistent with all observations is a steady-state, clay weathering-limited system where soil production rates decrease with increasing soil thickness.
Arsenic geochemistry in a biostimulated aquifer: an aqueous speciation study

Stimulating microbial growth through the use of acetate injection wells at the former uranium mill site in Rifle, Colorado, USA, has been shown to decrease dissolved uranium (VI) concentrations through bacterial reduction to immobile uranium (IV). Bioreduction also changed the redox chemistry of site groundwater, altering the mobility of several other redox-sensitive elements present in the subsurface, including iron, sulfur, and arsenic. Following acetate amendment at the site, elevated concentrations of arsenic in the groundwater were observed. Ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry was used to determine the aqueous arsenic speciation. Upgradient samples, unexposed to acetate, showed low levels of arsenic (≈1 μM), with greater than 90% as arsenate (As[V]) and a small amount of arsenite (As[III]). Downgradient acetate-stimulated water samples had much higher levels of arsenic (up to 8 μM), and 4 additional thioarsenic species were present under sulfate-reducing conditions. These thioarsenic species demonstrate a strong correlation between arsenic release and sulfide concentrations in groundwater, and their formation may explain the elevated total arsenic concentrations. An alternative remediation approach, enhanced flushing of uranium, was accomplished by addition of bicarbonate and did not result in highly elevated arsenic concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1216–1223. © 2013 SETAC
Globalizing of Administrative Law

What if the same international trade dispute is adjudicated both in a domestic court and in an international tribunal? The conventional view – dualism – may tolerate two conflicting legal conclusions in this situation. However, in the Habermasian postnational constellation, such legal dissonance appears not only normatively troublesome but also practically taxing to global business. Against the backdrop of the recent “double remedies” dispute between the United States and China, this Article seeks to offer a modest solution to this dilemma via a discursive engagement between a domestic court and an international tribunal. The Article argues that the WTO Appellate Body qua trade law adjudicator could have employed the same hermeneutical tool, such as “reasonableness,” adopted by the United States Court of International Trade (USCIT) when the latter reduced the Commerce Department’s discretion over the double remedies issue to null. The Article further views that as such an engagement between a domestic court and an international tribunal, as well as the resultant discursive connection between them, matures and deepens, both courts may form a broader interpretive community, in which they can establish an identifiable pattern of common administrative law principles. This visible, and thus accessible, trans-judicial practice in overlapping issue-areas, such as trade remedy, this Article submits, is a propitious step toward the reconciliation of domestic and international administrative law, and eventually the globalizing of administrative law. The Article concludes that this diffusive and osmotic global administrative law-making process offers a novel dimension of understanding transnational-international law.
Context-Aware Computing: A Test Case

Through an iterative design approach, we have proposed and evaluated ways of incorporating user-created information into context-aware systems. We implemented and tested a location-sensitive college campus tour guide called Campus Aware that allows users to annotate physical spaces with text notes. The goal was to provide visitors to the campus with a sense of the activities going on in the environment. Our evaluation of Campus Aware revealed that users provided unique content that was interesting and useful to others. They also served as moderators posting corrections to inaccurate notes and answering questions posed by other users. We discovered that our system easily became a distraction and was not able to detect location precisely enough to prevent user confusion. Our findings suggest new ways to make contextaware systems easier for users to comprehend and enjoy.
Telomeres and marrow failure

Telomeres, repeat sequences at the ends of chromosomes, are protective chromosomal structures highly conserved from primitive organisms to humans. Telomeres inevitably shorten with every cell cycle, and telomere attrition has been hypothesized to be fundamental to normal senescence of cells, tissues, and organisms. Molecular mechanisms have evolved to maintain their length and protective function; telomerase (TERT) is a reverse transcriptase enzyme that uses an RNA molecule (TERC) as the template to elongate the 3' ends of telomeres. Shelterin is a collection of DNA-binding proteins that cover and protect telomeres. The recent discovery of inherited mutations in genes that function to repair telomeres as etiologic in a range of human diseases, which have clinical manifestations in diverse tissues, including the hematopoietic tissue, suggests that defects in telomere repair and protection can cause organ failure. Dyskeratosis congenita is the prototype of telomere diseases; it is characterized by bone marrow failure, mucocutaneous abnormalities, pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and increased susceptibility to cancer, including acute myeloid leukemia. Aplastic anemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis also are associated with inherited mutations in telomere repair or protection genes. Additionally, telomere defects associate with predisposition to hematologic malignancy and epithelial tumors. Telomere erosion is abnormally rapid in patients with mutations in telomerase genes but also after hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and telomeres are naturally shorter in older individuals-all conditions associated with higher rates of malignant diseases. In human tissue culture, short telomeres produce end-to-end chromosome fusion, nonreciprocal translocations, and aneuploidy.
Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy

Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunal (DPEJ) feeding tube placement is a minimally invasive technique to facilitate enteral nutrition support. In many instances, DPEJ allows enteral nutritional access when other means are not feasible and in other instances effectively averts the risk of enterorespiratory aspiration. Although similar in principle to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube placement, it is a technically more demanding procedure. This report details the specifics of DPEJ placement. The indications, alternatives, risks, and published results of DPEJ placement are also reviewed.
Luteinizing hormone in the cat. II. Mating-induced secretion.

In cannulated female cats, LH concentrations increased within 5 min after mating and usually reached a maximum within 20 min if the animals were limited to a single copulation. The dynamics of such LH release were similar to those observed after the iv injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). A second mating, 1 h after the first, resulted in a second, similar increase in concentrations of LH without evidence of a priming effect of the first mating on the LH release mechanism. When female cats were permitted to mate at their own pace, copulations were frequent during the first 2 h, with LH release being evident during the first 90 min. However, the copulatory stimulus became ineffective (or nearly so) at inducing LH release when matings continued beyond this period. In all types of cats studied (spontaneous estrous, estrogentreated, intact, and estrogen-treated castrate), the LH response to a single coitus varied considerably and was not correlated with plasma concentrations of estradiol or prog...
Faults, error bounds and reliability of nanoelectronic circuits

This paper is concerned with faults, error bounds and reliability modeling of nanotechnology-based circuits. First, we briefly review failure mechanisms and fault models in nanoelectronics. Second, reliability functions based on probabilistic models are developed for unreliable logic gates. We then show that fundamental gate error bounds for general probabilistic computation can be derived using the nonlinear mapping functions constructed from the gate models. Finally, an analytical approach is proposed for estimating reliabilities of nanoelectronic circuits. This approach is based on the probabilistic modeling of unreliable logic gates and interconnects. In spite of the approximations used in probabilistic modeling, our study suggests that the proposed approach provides a simple and efficient way to model the reliability of nanoelectronic circuits.
Preparation and chemical characterization of radioiodinated bleomycin

None of the radionuclides with which bleomycin has been labeled have chemical and nuclear properties that are entirely satisfactory for in vivo tumor localization. Bleomycin has been radioiodinated by the iodine monochloride, chloramine-T, and lactoperoxidase methods. Iodine monochloride proved to be the preferred method and conditions were developed whereby 80% of radioiodide was covalently bound to bleomycin. Bleomycin (140 mug) was added to 200 mul of saline/citrate buffer (pH 7.0) followed by radioiodide and iodine monochloride. This reaction mixture was incubated for 1 hr and purified by Sephadex G-10 chromatography. The iodine monochloride reaction product underwent hydrolytic deiodination in vitro at a rate of about 1.2%/day (0.15 M NaCl, 37 degrees C). Bleomycin A and B components were radioiodinated with equal efficiency on a mole fraction basis.
Zero-sum allocational strategies determine the allometry of specific leaf area

 Premise of the study: Specifi c leaf area (SLA) is a critical component of the leaf economics spectrum, and many functional leaf traits have been empirically demonstrated to covary with SLA. However, a complete understanding of how change in leaf size infl uences SLA has not yet emerged.  Methods: To help develop a more complete understanding of the determinants of variability in SLA, we present a covariation model of leaf allometry that predicts a zero-sum interdependence of leaf thickness, density, and surface area on leaf mass. We test the model ' s predictions on measurements of 900 leaves from 44 angiosperm species.  Key results: We observe that " diminishing returns, " the negative allometry (slope < 1) of surface area versus mass, does not hold universally across species. Rather, the scaling of SLA is linked to the relative allocation to thickness and density. Specifi - cally, diminishing returns are observed when leaves grow thicker, more than their density decreases, with increasing mass. Finally, we confi rm model predictions that the allometric dependence of area, thickness, and density on mass can be well ap- proximated by a zero-sum allocational process.  Conclusions: Our work adds to the growing body of evidence that allometric covariation is a hallmark of the scaling behavior of complex plant and leaf traits. Moreover, because our model makes predictions based on allocational constraints, it provides a foundation to understand how deviations from zero-sum tradeoffs in allocation to leaf thickness, density, or area determine the allometry of SLA and, ultimately, underlie adaptive strategies within and across plant species.
The ilvB locus of Escherichia coli K-12 is an operon encoding both subunits of acetohydroxyacid synthase I

The ilvB locus of Escherichia coli K-12 encloses two open reading frames defining polypeptides of 60,000 and 11,200 molecular weight. The entire locus, about 2.3 kb, is co-transcribed as an operon. The molecular weights and amino acid compositions of the presumptive operon polypeptides agree with those of the large and small subunit polypeptides of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) I, for which ilvB is the structural locus. We reserve the designation ilvB for the promoter proximal (longer) cistron and designate the promoter distal cistron ilvN. The molecular weight and amino acid sequence of the ilvB polypeptide are strikingly similar to those of the I1vI (larger subunit of AHAS III) and I1vG (larger subunit of AHAS II) polypeptides. There is less size uniformity among the I1vN, I1vH (smaller subunit of AHAS III), and I1vM (smaller subunit of AHAS II) polypeptides. Nevertheless, there is significant amino acid sequence homology among the three small subunit polypeptides. Thus, all three AHAS isozymes of E. coli K-12 probably have a common evolutionary origin.
Does Education Impact Ethical Decisions? An International Study

This study examined whether having attended a public, private or religious affiliated grade and/or high school influenced a college student’s ethical decision making process. We also examined whether having taken an ethics course in college influences a student’s ethical decision making process. Our sample included 508 accounting students (237 men and 271 women) from Albania, Ecuador, Ireland and the United States. Our analyses indicated no differences in ethical decision making that associated with either grade-or-high-school education. While our data showed no difference in the reported attitudes between students from Ecuador and the United States after controlling for social desirability response bias, we found significant differences between the attitudes students from the United States and students from both Albania and Ireland. While gender was also significant for six of our seven scenarios, social desirability response bias was significant in all of our scenarios.
Nourishing the Soul of Pharmacy: Stories of Reflection

Edited by Thomas D. Zlatic, William A. Zellmer. Published by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, 3000 W. 87th Street Parkway, Lenexa, KS 66215-4530, 2011. 322 p. Price $39.95 Nourishing the Soul of Pharmacy: This title seems to invite Kant and Schopenhauer into a pharmacy conversation.
Demographic group differences in domain-specific well-being

Although research is available on group differences for overall well-being, little research has explored group differences for domain-specific well-being. Therefore, we examined differences in overall and domain-specific well-being across several demographic variables: gender, income, marital status, age, ethnicity, education level, employment status, occupation, and housing tenure. We analyzed data from 1,087 participants on the I COPPE Scale, which provides scores for overall, interpersonal, community, occupational, physical, psychological, and economic well-being. Group differences were found across multiple domains with small to large effect sizes. While there were no gender differences, compared with those in the same demographic variable, higher income earners, married, elderly, Hispanic, educated, white-collar professionals, and homeowners reported the highest levels of well-being. The unemployed reported the lowest level of well-being on all but one of the domains–the interpersonal domain. Findings suggest people report different levels of well-being based on their unique demographic and life circumstances.
Pollution Status of NOx in Power Plants of Jiangsu Province and Countermeasures

The NOx pollution and treatment status in power plants of Jiangsu Province is introduced,main countermeasures and expected effect of NOx emission reduction are analyzed,and relevant measures to promoting NOx emission reduction are proposed.
Properties and processes of recently established soils from deglaciation of Cierva Point, Western Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract For more than sixty years the Antarctic Peninsula has experienced significant temperature increases that have accelerated glacial retreat. Glacial losses, along with the relatively warm and moist climatic conditions of the region, have increased the rate of soil development. The objective of this study is to study the properties and genesis of soils at Cierva Point, which is located in the zone of maximum warming along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Cierva Point is a terraced, steeply sloping, ice-free peninsula containing a small retreating glacier. The peninsula contains a large penguin rookery and significant areas of moss buildup. Twenty-seven soils were described; physical and chemical properties from each horizon were analyzed. Four categories of soil were identified: acidic (pH 5), moss-dominated (high organic matter accumulations), and ornithogenic (high phosphorus accumulations). Neutral soils were newly formed soils which had undergone the least development and were located closest to the glacier margin. Acidic soils were located farthest from the glacier margin, allowing for a greater nutrient leaching to occur; these soils have extremely low pH values (as low as 3.5) but did not have the high phosphorus accumulations found in ornithogenic soils or the high soil carbon content found in moss-dominated soils. In a region with rapidly retreating glaciers, such as the Antarctic Peninsula, proximity to the glacier margin becomes an important factor determining soil properties. Soils farther from the glacier have had more time to be affected by leaching, penguin activity, and moss buildup.
Is Cultural Responsiveness Part of Effective Teaching?: Preservice Teacher Perspectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which preservice elementary teachers integrated culturally responsive pedagogy into their perspectives on effective teaching and being an effective teacher and if these perspectives changed over time. Data were collected from 53 preservice teachers in the form of a perspective paper written in two consecutive semesters at the end of field experience courses. Data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings indicated that preservice teacher integrated issues of cultural and linguistic diversity into their perspectives minimally. Linguistic diversity was more integrated than cultural diversity. Their perspectives included less integration of cultural and linguistic diversity over time.
Schriften des Exils 1933 – 1939

Angesichts der sich in den Jahren seit dem Borsenkrach 1929 krisenhaft zuspitzenden okonomischen und politischen Situation in Deutschland, die auch auf Benjamins wirtschaftliche Verhaltnisse unmittelbare Auswirkungen hatte, schien dieser sich seit Beginn der dreisiger Jahre mit Auswanderungsplanen getragen zu haben. Uber die politische Entwicklung, in der die erdrutschartigen Gewinne der NSDAP bei der Reichstagswahl im September 1932 ein unubersehbares Zeichen gesetzt hatten, hegte er keine Illusionen. Bereits im Sommer 1931 hielt er den Ausbruch des Burgerkrieges im Herbst fur wahrscheinlich und sah die Zeit gekommen, wenn irgend moglich Deutschland zu verlassen (GB IV, 47). Ein Jahr spater beklagt er in einem Brief aus Ibiza, das seine begrenzten Mittel ihm nicht erlaubten, sich im Ausland dauerhaft einzurichten. Zugleich nennt er es ein »Gebot der Vernunft, die Eroffnungsfeierlichkeiten des Dritten Reichs durch Abwesenheit zu ehren« (GB IV, 91), die ihm bereits im Mai 1932 lediglich eine Frage des Termins zu sein scheinen. Zunehmende Schwierigkeiten bei der Publikation seiner Arbeiten, die er als Boykott empfindet und die mit der von der Redaktion aufgekundigten Mitarbeit bei der Literarischen Welt im Herbst 1932 ihren traurigen Hohepunkt erreichen, gehen mit der Einsicht einher, das »eine Verlegung meiner Aktivitaten in das Franzosische« (GB IV, 149) keinen realistischen Ausweg darstellen wurde.
Diagnosis of infection in patients with cancer.

The practice of oncology requires that infections be promptly and appropriately managed, a task dependent upon an understanding of the principles of infection predisposition and presentation in a wide variety of clinical settings. Adult patients with acute leukemia and profound granulocytopenia tend to develop pneumonia, anorectal lesions, pharyngitis, and skin lesions (with frequent bacteremias) caused primarily by Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. Infections with yeasts and fungi tend to occur later in these patients' courses. Although patients with lymphoma have few infections other than Herpes zoster initially, infections similar to those found in acute leukemia develop in the granulocytopenic patient with propressive or recurrent lymphoma. Immunologie dysfunction in these same patients apparently predisposes to Cryptococcus, Listeria, Cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis and Toxoplasma infections. Patients with carcinomas have infections related to local lesions and obstructive phenomena while brain tumors predispose to aspiration pneumonia and urinary infection. In all patients, iatrogenic procedures and hospital acquisition of organisms are major predisposing factors. Reduced or altered inflammatory responses necessitate meticulously thorough, repeated evaluations. An appreciation of the clinical setting and the operative predisposing conditions will usually allow a prompt and accurate diagnosis.
A Sound Bridge: Listening for the Political in a Digital Age

This article examines how catchy sounds (“Why This Kolaveri” [“Why This Murderous Rage”]) can function as sonic cues for political participation. Exploring the sonic dimensions and aural imaginaries at play in mediated public spheres, we show how #Kolaveri became a sound bridge that enabled potent encounters among journalists, politicians, and citizens embroiled in heated debates about corruption in India. Tracing #Kolaveri’s movement across media platforms, we analyze three dimensions of the sonic cue―its availability, performativity, and resonance―that gave it a catalytic charge. Suggesting that sound technologies and practices constitute vital cultural and material infrastructures on which a bridge between the popular and the political can be built, we argue that cases like #Kolaveri disclose new ways of listening for the political and new modes of participation―the expression of sonic citizenship―in a digital era.
Associations between developmental changes in error-related brain activity and executive functions in early childhood.

Behavioral evidence indicates that skills associated with children's cognitive control (e.g., response inhibition and attentional control) undergo rapid development during early childhood. A particularly important time is the transition to elementary school. Yet, at present, relatively little is known about developmental changes in the brain processes linked to cognitive control during this period, including those associated with error monitoring, including the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe). Moreover, understanding how ERP correlates of cognitive control relate to behavioral measures of these skills over time is also limited. In the present study, repeated assessments of 4- to 6-year-old children's (N = 49, mean age = 5 years 10 months) performance on a go/no-go task were collected to examine developmental changes in error processing and response inhibition across 6 months. Data revealed the presence of both the ERN and Pe at each time point, but also showed individual differences in the test-retest associations for each component. Behavioral changes in response inhibition on the go/no-go task and a standardized measure of attentional control were associated with changes in electrophysiological measures of error processing. Additional analyses comparing children of the same age who had completed the go/no-go task once to those who participated longitudinally revealed that, with repeated assessments, children exhibited behavioral changes in performance that could be attributed to both development and to the effects of practice, such as strategic accommodation.
A novel peer feedback programme of family-centred rounds.

BACKGROUND Family-centred rounds (FCRs) are becoming standard practice in in-patient paediatrics. Few faculty development programmes to train doctors in how to lead FCRs have been described in the literature, yet recent studies of peer feedback of in-patient rounds in internal medicine suggest benefits to teaching practices. Peer feedback may be useful as a faculty development method for FCRs. The study objective was to describe the experience of paediatric hospitalists participating in a peer feedback programme based on direct observation of FCRs. METHODS This was a qualitative study of 13 paediatric hospitalists at an academic centre, who participated in individual semi-structured interviews about their experience with the programme of peer feedback of FCRs. Interviews were transcribed and the data were analysed by coding statements of interest. Like content was categorised into over-arching themes. RESULTS The resultant themes included: (1) comfort is key for participation; (2) initial trepidation fades; (3) seniority has an effect; and (4) peer feedback of FCRs has value. Several specific elements of feedback were provided to improve teaching behaviours. Recent studies of peer feedback of in-patient rounds in internal medicine suggest benefits to teaching practices DISCUSSION: This faculty development programme of peer feedback based on direct observation of FCRs was endorsed by participants at our institution. Our findings serve to inform other programmes interested in peer feedback or in faculty development opportunities for FCRs.
Golgi stress response reprograms cysteine metabolism to confer cytoprotection in Huntington's disease.

Golgi stress response is emerging as a physiologic process of comparable importance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress responses. However, unlike ER stress, the identity of the signal transduction pathway involved in the Golgi stress response has been elusive. We show that the Golgi stressor monensin acts via the PKR-like ER kinase/Activating Transcription Factor 4 pathway. ATF4 is the master regulator of amino acid metabolism, which is induced during amino acid depletion and other forms of stress. One of the genes regulated by ATF4 is the biosynthetic enzyme for cysteine, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), which also plays central roles in maintenance of redox homeostasis. Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is associated with disrupted cysteine metabolism caused by depletion of CSE leading to abnormal redox balance and stress response. Thus, restoring CSE function and cysteine disposition may be beneficial in HD. Accordingly, we harnessed the monensin-ATF4–signaling cascade to stimulate CSE expression by preconditioning cells with monensin, which restores cysteine metabolism and an optimal stress response in HD. These findings have implications for treatment of HD and other diseases associated with redox imbalance and dysregulated ATF4 signaling.
A Review Study of Brian Activity-Based Biometric Authentication

Biometrics is the process of identifying an individual among others by biological means. Concerning security, biometric system is one of the best options available in this technology driven era. Places such as nuclear facilities, airports, banks etc. are on the frontline of security threats. Therefore, biometrics such as Iris, face and fingerprint recognition is frequently used to avoid any security breach. However, the possibility of imitating, replicating or even the stealing of original data has made these tools unreliable. As a result, there has been a growing interest in finding a better biometric system and brain activity-based biometrics such as Electroencephalography (EEG) and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) come with the advantage of being quite impossible to mimic. This paper presents a thorough and in depth review of the state of the art studies and research on brain activity-based biometrics. These studies and selected research projects are reviewed based on their feature extraction, methods, classification and most importantly, performance. Reviewing the most recent studies and research, we have found that time and frequency based features are better to be considered together for a brain activity-based biometric system. Together they are effective and efficient and give us a higher performance rate. Furthermore, we have found that Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is the best classification option with 100% accuracy and it can be used for a higher number of users for a biometric system. Our review lays a foundation for future investigation into the use of a combination of EEG and fNIRS for a biometric based authentication system.
“Can Two Walk Together, Except They be Agreed?”: Psychology and Theology — a Journey Together or Paths Apart?:

The integration of psychology and theology is likened to a journey in which two people share their ideas. Sometimes there is agreement and the two walk the same path; sometimes no agreement is poss...
The Differential Impact of Social Participation and Social Support on Psychological Well-Being: Evidence From the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study:

Being socially engaged is theorized to diminish age-related declines in emotional functioning. However, unique facets of social engagement may differentially impact functioning in older adulthood. In particular, social participation (SP) might be more beneficial than social support (SS) in buffering declines. The goal of this study was to examine whether interindividual differences in SP and SS influenced intraindividual change in Psychological Well-Being (PWB). The impact of SS and SP on change in PWB was investigated in two samples from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study spanning 19 years (1992-2011): graduate respondents and their siblings. Using latent growth curve models, small declines in PWB were found. Individuals high in SP demonstrated a less steep decline in PWB across the three time points than individuals low in SP. SS, however, did not buffer declines in PWB. Developmental implications of the age-related trajectory of PWB and the relationship with social engagement are discussed.
Strategizing to Make Pornography Worthwhile: A Qualitative Exploration of Women's Agentic Engagement with Sexual Media.

Women often expect to encounter negative, problematic content when they consume pornography, yet many women use and enjoy pornography anyway. Some research has centered content type (e.g., sexist/violent vs. nonsexist/women-focused) as a key determinant of women’s pornography experiences, but this precludes the notion that women are active, engaged consumers of pornography and minimizes women’s role in shaping their own experiences. In the present study, we explored how a sample of sexually diverse women in the U.S. (aged 18–64; N = 73) worked toward positive experiences with pornography via active negotiation with negative content, using a secondary analysis of focus group data on women’s sexual pleasure. We found that, although women often experienced pornography as risky, many women used it anyway and actively employed strategies to increase the likelihood of having a positive experience. Women’s strategies were similar across sexual identity and age groups, but the heteronormative, youth-oriented portrayals of sexuality in mainstream pornography presented unique concerns for heterosexual, queer, and older women. Results have implications for how women can be conceptualized as active, rather than passive, consumers of pornography as well as for how women’s agency might influence women’s arousal responses to sexually explicit stimuli in research.
The Relationship Between Prior Experiences in Mathematics and Pharmacy School Success

Objective. To assess students' pre-pharmacy math experiences, confidence in math ability, and relationship between experiences, confidence, and grades in math-based pharmacy courses. Methods. A cross-sectional survey of first year to third year pharmacy students was conducted. Students reported type of pre-pharmacy math courses taken, when they were taken [high school (HS) vs. college] and year of HS and college graduation. Students rated their confidence in math ability using the previously validated 11-item Fogerty Math Confidence Scale (Cronbach alpha=0.92). Math grade point average (GPA), Pharmacy College Admission Test quantitative (PCAT quant) scores, and grades (calculations and kinetics) were obtained from transcripts and school records. Spearman correlation and multivariate linear regression were used to compare math experiences, confidence, and grades. Results. There were 198 students who reported taking math courses 7.1 years since HS graduation and 2.9 years since their last schooling prior to pharmacy school. Students who took math courses with more time since HS/last schooling had lower calculations and kinetics grades. Students reporting having taken more HS math courses had better calculations grades. Students with higher math GPA, and PCAT quant scores also had higher calculations and kinetics grades. Greater confidence in math ability was associated with higher calculations grades. In multivariate regressions, PCAT quant scores and years since HS independently predicted calculations grades, and PCAT quant scores independently predicted kinetics grades. Conclusion. The number of pre-pharmacy math courses and time elapsed since they were taken are important factors to consider when predicting a pharmacy student's success in math-based pharmacy school courses.
Evaluating Impact of Transition Seminars on Missionary Kids’ Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Well-Being:

Missionary Kids (MKs) are included in a broader population defined as Third Culture Kids (TCKs), children who are raised outside of their parents’ home cultures (Pollock & Van Reken, 2001). This up...
The Visual System of Primates in Phylogenetic Studies

A well-developed visual sense coupled with different degrees of manual and digital dexterity are two dominant expressions which characterize the order Primates. Thus, an understanding of the neurobiology of the optic and motor systems of the members of this order of mammals can shed light on several problems of phylogenetic significance.