cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role-Playing a Diverse Classroom: Using Realistic Simulation to Explore Differentiated Instruction

The article describes an activity designed to help preservice teachers negotiate the realities of planning and implementing differentiated instruction in diverse classrooms. Given the frequent lack of models for differentiated instruction in actual classrooms and the need to learn through practice, the activity involves planning and teaching a lesson for a fictitious group of learners for whom individual characteristics are given. After writing a differentiated lesson plan with feedback from the instructor, preservice teachers teach part of the lesson, with their classmates acting as the students. Peer feedback and reflection help students draw crucial lessons from what they experience. This activity is proposed as a way to address the practical facets of differentiation without the limits of current school practices.
Circadian wheel running behavior is altered in an APP/E4 mouse model of late onset Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Circadian rhythms are altered in several diseases associated with aging, one of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). One example of a circadian rhythm is the rest-activity cycle, which can be measured in mice by monitoring their wheel-running. The present study sought to investigate differences in light phase/dark phase activity between a mouse model of late onset AD (APP/E4) and control (C57Bl6J) mice, in both the pre-plaque and post-plaques stages of the disease. To assess activity level, 24-h wheel running behavior was monitored at six months (pre-plaque) and twelve months (post-plaque) for a period of nine days. The following measures were analyzed: counts (wheel rotations) during the dark phase, counts during the light phase, hour of activity onset, and hour of activity offset. Key findings indicate that activity onset is delayed in APP/E4 mice at six and twelve months, and activity profiles for APP/E4 and C57Bl6J mice differ during the light and dark phase in such a way that APP/E4 mice run less in the early hours of the dark phase and more in the later hours of the dark phase compared to C57Bl6J mice. These findings imply that rest-activity cycle is altered in the pre-plaque stages of AD in APP/E4 mice, as they show impairments as early as six months of age.
Algebraic Fault Analysis of SHA-3 Under Relaxed Fault Models

As the new hash standard, Keccak-based secure hash function (SHA-3) will be used in various cryptographic applications. Its security will be of paramount importance to the systems built on top of it. This paper proposes efficient algebraic fault analysis (AFA) methods, and for the first time, applies them to all four modes of SHA-3 under relaxed fault models. Our AFA utilizes the clear algebraic properties of Keccak operations and is very suitable for the fault analysis of SHA-3. Both our analysis and experimental results show that the proposed AFA method is more efficient than the traditional differential fault analysis (DFA) under the single-byte fault model, requiring much fewer faults to recover a whole internal state of the hashing computation. Meanwhile, as AFA is able to exploit all the information available, it can be applied to SHA-3 modes with shorter digests and under more relaxed fault models, where often times the DFA method fails. Our results show that AFA can successfully break all the four SHA-3 modes under a 16-bit fault model, and break SHA3-512 under an even more relaxed fault model, 32-bit fault, all within several minutes. The successful AFA on SHA-3 demonstrates the vulnerability of Keccak algorithms to fault analysis, calling for protections against fault injection and fault analysis.
An Evaluation of Experimental Designs for Constructing Vignette Sets in Factorial Surveys

Factorial surveys use a population of vignettes to elicit respondents’ attitudes or beliefs about different hypothetical scenarios. However, the vignette population is frequently too large to be as...
Polyenoic Fatty Acids and Platelet Function

Over the last 2–3 decades, platelets have been extensively investigated because of their close association with the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), which is still the number one killer in the United States and in other industrialized countries. Although platelets are non-nucleated (lack of nucleus), their functional instruments continue to impact not only the CAD but also many other diseases. Thus, platelet research has clearly led the way in the continuing development of new strategies for the prevention of arterial thrombosis. In this regard, considerable progress has been made in the development of new antiplatelet agents. These newer agents are based on interrupting specific sites in the sequence of platelet activation. Inhibitors of specific platelet agonist-receptor interactions include antithrombins, thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptor antagonists, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor blockers, including ticlopidine and clopidogrel.
Interactions between Integrins and the Cytoskeleton: Structure and Regulation

Publisher Summary Integrins are major cell surface receptors that bind to various extracellular matrix proteins or to components on the surfaces of other cells. Since their discovery, a major function for integrins has been presumed to be the attachment of the cytoskeleton, particularly actin filaments, to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. This chapter discusses the interaction of integrin cytoplasmic domains with cytoskeletal proteins. The potential interactions between integrin α subunit cytoplasmic domains and talin and α-actinin have begun to be explored. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the entire cytoplasmic domains of α 3 , α 4 , α 5 , and α IIb have been used in solid-phase binding assays. Somewhat surprisingly, talin was found to bind to α 4 , α 5 , and α IIb . On the other hand, α actinin was detected binding only to the α 4 cytoplasmic sequence. These findings raised several important questions. In preliminary work, the binding sites on talin for α and β cytoplasmic domains both map to the large proteolytic fragment of talin, but whether the binding sites are adjacent or separate from each other has not been determined. It is also possible that the α chain may interfere with β 1 cytoplasmic domain interactions. It will be important to determine if α chains that do not bind to talin influence the affinity of β subunits for this protein. Such a scheme is appealing because it would allow different α chains to regulate the cytoskeletal interactions of common β chains. Therefore, the resultant integrins with different extracellular matrix specificities could also differ in their cytoskeletal interactions.
Integrating Youth into Community Development: Implications for Policy Planning and Program Evaluation

As non-profits, volunteer groups, and nongovernmental organizations take on increasingly larger roles in contributing to local well-being, the active collaboration between youth and adults is vital to the long-term success of community development efforts. Similarly, as service activities become standardized components of high-school programs, youth are empowered to becoming long-term contributors to local development efforts. Through this process youth engage in shared citizenship, leading to greater investment in their communities. This research was based on the premise that youth, acting as central parts of the community development process, have the capacity to improve local well-being. It reflects input from 12 key informants and 418 youth who participated in a survey conducted on the development issues contributing to their involvement. The findings of this study provide insights into the factors most directly shaping youth attitudes and involvement in their communities, as well as presenting direct implications for applied use.
Mechanisms of Cellular Internalization of Quantum Dot® Conjugated Bone Formation Mimetic Peptide CK2.3

Osteoporosis is a debilitating skeletal disorder that is characterized by loss of bone densityover time. It affects one in two women and one in four men, age 50 and older. New treatmentsthat specifically drive bone formation are desperately needed. We developed a peptide, CK2.3, thatacts downstream of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type Ia and it induces osteogenesisin-vitro and in-vivo. However, its mechanism of action, especially its mode of uptake by cellsremains unknown. To demonstrate CK2.3 internalization within a cell, we conjugated CK2.3to Quantum Dot®s (Qdot®s), semiconductor nanoparticles. We purified CK2.3-Qdot®s by sizeexclusion chromatography and verified the conjugation and stability using UV/VIS and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy. Our results show that CK2.3 was conjugated to the Qdot®s andthe conjugate was stable for at least 4 days at 37 °C. Moreover, CK2.3-Qdot®s exerted biologicalresponse similar to CK2.3. Addition of CK2.3-Qdot®s to cells followed by confocal imaging revealedthat CK2.3-Qdot®s were internalized at 6 h post stimulation. Furthermore, using pharmacologicalinhibitors against endocytic pathways, we demonstrated that CK2.3-Qdot®s were internalized bycaveolae. These results show for the first time that the novel peptide CK2.3 is taken up by the cellthrough caveolae mediated endocytosis.
Patient Positioning, Instrumentation, and Trocar Placement

Laparoscopic surgery has been proven to have benefits for the patient. To maximize these gains and avoid morbidity, basic surgical principles must be adhered to during laparoscopy. Patient positioning is key not only to avoid postoperative complications but also to allow maximal working space for the surgeon. Surgeons must be familiar with available instruments and their associated advantages and disadvantages to improve ergonomics and efficiency and minimize unnecessary risks.
Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy—Stratification of Patient Risk

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a major cause of morbidity following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We sought to develop and validate a risk score system that utilized preoperative computed tomography (CT) measurements, laboratory values, and intraoperative pancreatic texture to estimate risk of developing POPF after PD. Patients who underwent PD between 2014 and 2017 were identified. Pre- and intraoperative risk factors associated with POPF were identified. Three separate risk models were developed and assessed using multivariable analyses and receiver operating curves. Among the 150 patients who underwent a PD, mean age was 64 years and the majority of the patients were male (59.3%, n = 89). Overall, the incidence of BL/POPF following PD was 22%. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with POPF included preoperative total serum protein < 6 g/dL (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.04–10.34, p = 0.04), radiologic pancreatic duct diameter (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.97, p = 0.03), intraoperative pancreatic gland texture estimated by surgeon (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05–0.62, p = 0.006), as well as intraoperative pancreatic duct diameter measured by surgeon (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61–0.98, p = 0.030). Each risk factor was assigned a weighted score (CT pancreatic duct diameter < 5 mm: 8 points; soft pancreatic gland texture: 5 points; total serum protein < 6 g/dL: 3 points; CT visceral abdominal fat ≥ 230 cm2: 2 points). Patients scoring 4–5 were at low risk of POPF, while patients with a score of 6–18 had a high risk for POPF. The Harrell’s c-index for the scoring system was 0.71 (standard error [SD] 0.094) for the training set and 0.67 (SD 0.034) for the test set (with n = 1000 bootstrapping resamples). A simple risk score for POPF that utilized preoperative radiologic and clinical variables combined with specific intra-operative factors was able to stratify patients relative to POPF risk with good discriminatory ability.
Patient Specific Instrumentation

Shoulder arthroplasty has become a reliable and effective method to treat arthritis, fracture, nonunion, malunion, tumor and rotator cuff arthropathy. According to the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality, in 2011 there were 53,000 shoulder replacement procedures performed in the United States. The prevalence of these procedures continues to increase [1, 2]. Between 1993 and 2007 the annual growth rate for total shoulder arthroplasty was 10.6%, with an annual growth rate in revision of 14.0% [1]. These increasing rates of shoulder arthroplasty are in contrast with rates of lower extremity arthroplasty. Between 1990 and 2002, primary and revision total knee arthroplasty volumes were shown to grow annually at rates of 6–7%. Primary and revision total hip arthroplasties increased yearly at rates of 4.5% and 2.5%, respectively [3].
The Second Vatican Council Fifty Years Later: Achievements and Challenges

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. "I would like to begin this lecture with a personal perspective followed by some introductory comments concerning the ongoing “clash of interpretations” surrounding Vatican II and its documents, followed by a brief survey of each document noting some of its achievements and, in my opinion, ongoing challenges." This anniversary celebration is available in Verbum: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum/vol10/iss1/3
Toward a Competent Child Welfare Service Delivery System for Gay and Lesbian Adolescents and Their Families

SUMMARY Analogous to the child welfare delivery system deficits that have been documented for people of color communities, the problems encountered by gay and lesbian adolescents and their families are frequently ignored and largely unrecognized by the majority of child welfare professionals. An understanding of the impact of societal stigmatization of gay and lesbian individuals and their families is crucial to the recognition of, and response to, the needs of this population. This paper posits that the development of competence in this area holds promise for preserving and supporting families and for the establishment of appropriate gay/lesbian-affirming child welfare services for these young people and their families.
Cardiac embolic stroke: anticoagulating the elderly.

Stroke remains the third commonest cause of death in the United States. Cerebral infarcts from cardiac emboli represent a progressively increasing percentage of strokes. as non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhages secondary to hypertension continue to decline. In no age group is this increase in cerebral infarction from cardiac emboli more apparent than in the elderly. 75 per cent of individuals over age 85 are not in nursing homes;1 yet an increasing number of these individuals remain at risk of premature death or disability from an embolic stroke.
Robust and Adaptive Lower Limb Prosthesis Stance Control via Extended Kalman Filter-Based Gait Phase Estimation

We present a control strategy for powered prostheses based on a robust estimate of the gait phase that is used to determine appropriate control actions. We use an extended Kalman filter (EKF) that fuses joint angle and velocity measurements to estimate the gait phase, which we define in this work to be a variable that progresses continuously during stance from zero at heel strike to one at toe-off. The control strategy uses the gait phase estimate as the input into Gaussian process (GP) functions that specify the desired angles, velocities, and feed-forward torques for the knee and ankle joints. We compare this proposed GP-EKF control strategy to two alternative controllers: A neuromuscular (NM) control strategy, which models leg muscles and hypothesized reflexes, and an impedance (IMP) control strategy. Our experiments involved seven able-bodied participants and a single amputee participant. We find that the GP-EKF control generated knee angle trajectories that were significantly closer to able-bodied walking data than those produced by either the NM or IMP controllers. However, ankle trajectories were less similar. In addition, we find in experiments with the participants stepping on blocks during stance that the GP-EKF control resulted in significantly fewer fall-like events than IMP control. Finally, we evaluate the ability of the proposed control to track the gait phase across both slowly and rapidly varying treadmill speeds and find that the EKF's phase estimate tracked these gait changes significantly better than a time-based phase estimate. The proposed control strategy may provide a robust and adaptive control alternative for powered prostheses.
Some Chemistry of Tp’(CO)2W≡C-H, A Simple Terminal Carbyne

Hydridocarbynes with the formula Tp’((CO)2M≡C-H (M = Mo, W; Tp’ = [HB(3,5-Me2C3HN2)3]-) have been prepared by fluorodesilylation of carbyne precursors, Tp’(CO)2M≡C-SiMe2Ph. Both molybdenum and tungsten terminal carbyne monomers undergo dimerization reactions to form unusual vinylidene-bridged products, Tp’(CO)2M(μ-η2:η2-CCH2)M(CO)2Tp’. Spectroscopic properties of these complexes are described herein as is the solid state x-ray structure of the tungsten dimer. Electrochemical data and a qualitative molecular orbital description of the dimeric products are also presented.
Personality Disorders, Maladaptive Personality Traits, and Sleep Problems: Findings and Future Directions

Early studies on personality disorder and sleep first documented important differences in several polysomnographic sleep parameters between patients with personality disorder and controls, indicating that patients with personality disorders display irregular sleep. However, early studies were limited in several areas, with two primary limitations being small sample sizes, which limited study power, and a categorical approach to the assessment of personality disorder, which limited specific information that could be gained about the relationships between personality disorder and sleep. The present chapter summarizes the research literature on personality disorder and sleep from the perspective of polysomnographic versus self-reported sleep assessments and traditional DSM-category versus modern dimensional maladaptive personality trait assessments. Associations between dimensional maladaptive personality traits and sleep provide more specific information than DSM categories about the links between personality disorder and sleep. Newer studies are employing larger samples sometimes including ambulatory and longitudinal methodologies that provide higher-powered answers to research questions about disrupted sleep in personality disorders. Implementation of these methodologies, as well as the assessment of more specific maladaptive personality traits and the rise of transparent research practices aimed at increasing the reproducibility of results, provide promise for our increased understanding of personality disorder and sleep in the future.
Quadratic Semidefinite Programming for Waveform-Constrained Joint Filter-Signal Design in STAP

In waveform-adaptive space-time adaptive processing (STAP), signal-dependent interference can be mitigated through joint filter-signal design. For the common signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) optimality criterion, these designs result in biquadratic problems, which can be efficiently solved through joint relaxation. In this paper, we consider the addition of two realistic waveform constraints to this process, constant modulus (CM) and the similarity constraint (SC), and demonstrate that they are both amenable to a quadratic semidefinite program (QSDP) via relaxation. We examine the optimality conditions of the newly constrained problems and demonstrate, both analytically and numerically, improved performance over existing iterative techniques. To increase solution robustness, additional refinement strategies for rank-inflated relaxed solutions are also provided and analyzed which extend the aforementioned performance gain.
Core limitations in clinical trials leading to anticancer drug approvals by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

2057Background: To date, a comprehensive evaluation of core limitations in clinical trials leading to anti-cancer drug approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not been undertaken...
Long-term calibration models to estimate ozone concentrations with a metal oxide sensor.

Abstract Ozone (O3) is a potent oxidant associated with adverse health effects. Low-cost O3 sensors, such as metal oxide (MO) sensors, can complement regulatory O3 measurements and enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of measurements. However, the quality of MO sensor data remains a challenge. The University of Utah has a network of low-cost air quality sensors (called AirU) that primarily measures PM2.5 concentrations around the Salt Lake City valley (Utah, U.S.). The AirU package also contains a low-cost MO sensor ($8) that measures oxidizing/reducing species. These MO sensors exhibited excellent laboratory response to O3 although they exhibited some intra-sensor variability. Field performance was evaluated by placing eight AirUs at two Division of Air Quality (DAQ) monitoring stations with O3 federal equivalence methods for one year to develop long-term multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) calibration models to predict O3 concentrations. Six sensors served as train/test sets. The remaining two sensors served as a holdout set to evaluate the applicability of the new calibration models in predicting O3 concentrations for other sensors of the same type. A rigorous variable selection method was also performed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), MLR and ANN models. The variable selection indicated that the AirU’s MO oxidizing species and temperature measurements and DAQ’s solar radiation measurements were the most important variables. The MLR calibration model exhibited moderate performance (R2 = 0.491), and the ANN exhibited good performance (R2 = 0.767) for the holdout set. We also evaluated the performance of the MLR and ANN models in predicting O3 for five months after the calibration period and the results showed moderate correlations (R2s of 0.427 and 0.567, respectively). These low-cost MO sensors combined with a long-term ANN calibration model can complement reference measurements to understand geospatial and temporal differences in O3 levels.
Electric field stimulates production of highly conductive microbial OmcZ nanowires.

Multifunctional living materials are attractive due to their powerful ability to self-repair and replicate. However, most natural materials lack electronic functionality. Here we show that an electric field, applied to electricity-producing Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms, stimulates production of cytochrome OmcZ nanowires with 1,000-fold higher conductivity (30 S cm−1) and threefold higher stiffness (1.5 GPa) than the cytochrome OmcS nanowires that are important in natural environments. Using chemical imaging-based multimodal nanospectroscopy, we correlate protein structure with function and observe pH-induced conformational switching to β-sheets in individual nanowires, which increases their stiffness and conductivity by 100-fold due to enhanced π-stacking of heme groups; this was further confirmed by computational modeling and bulk spectroscopic studies. These nanowires can transduce mechanical and chemical stimuli into electrical signals to perform sensing, synthesis and energy production. These findings of biologically produced, highly conductive protein nanowires may help to guide the development of seamless, bidirectional interfaces between biological and electronic systems. Application of an electrical field to Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms stimulates production of OmcZ nanowires, which undergo a pH-induced conformational switch that causes increased stiffness and conductivity due to enhanced heme group π-stacking.
Preschoolers Benefit Equally From Video Chat, Pseudo-Contingent Video, and Live Book Reading: Implications for Storytime During the Coronavirus Pandemic and Beyond

During the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis, virtual education activities have become more prevalent than ever. One activity that many families have incorporated into their routines while at home is virtual storytime, with teachers, grandparents, and other remote adults reading books to children over video chat. The current study asks how dialogic reading over video chat compares to more traditional forms of book reading in promoting story comprehension and vocabulary learning. Fifty-eight four-year-olds (M age= 52.7, SD = 4.04, 31 girls) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (Video chat, Live, and Prerecorded). Across conditions, children were read the same narrative storybook by a female experimenter who used the same ten scripted dialogic reading prompts during book reading. In the Video chat (n = 21) and Live conditions (n = 18), the experimenter gave the scripted prompts and interacted naturally and contingently, responding in a timely, relevant manner to children’s behaviors. In the Prerecorded condition (n = 19), children viewed a video of an experimenter reading the book. The Prerecorded condition was pseudo-contingent; the reader posed questions and paused for a set period of time as if to wait for a child’s response. After reading, children completed measures of vocabulary and comprehension. Results revealed no differences in outcome measures between conditions across six different outcome measures, suggesting children comprehended and learned from the story similarly across book formats. Further, children in the three experimental conditions scored significantly higher on measures than children in a fourth condition (control) who had never read the book, confirming that children learned from the three different book formats. However, children were more responsive to the prompts in the Live and Video chat conditions than the Prerecorded condition, suggesting that children recognized that these interactions were contingent with their responses, a feature that was lacking in the Prerecorded condition. Results indicate that children can comprehend books over video chat, suggesting that this technology is a viable option for reading to children, especially during the current pandemic.
Words matter: interpretations and implications of “para” in paraprofessional

Objective: While studies from the early 1990s show that library staff in nonlibrarian roles interpret the term “paraprofessional” as being demeaning to their roles, no recent research has been conducted on this topic. This study aims to investigate if health sciences library staff continue to have similar negative associations with the term “paraprofessional” and to determine if another term is preferred. Methods: The authors conducted a literature review to identify terms used to categorize library staff in nonlibrarian roles. Using these terms, we created an online Qualtrics survey asking participants to rank terms by preference. We distributed the survey via thirty-six professional email discussion lists, including MEDLIB-L, thirty-three MLA chapter and caucus email discussion lists, DOCLINE-L, and ACRL-HSIG-L. Survey participants included full-time and part-time health sciences library staff in any nonlibrarian position. Responses from librarians were not accepted. Results: Based on 178 completed surveys, “library staff” was the top choice of 49% of participants, over “other” (19%), “paraprofessional” (13%), “library support staff” (11%), “paralibrarian” (7%), and “nonprofessional” (1%). Although “library staff” was the top choice of participants across all ages, older participants (aged 45–75) preferred “library support staff” and “paraprofessional” to a greater degree than younger participants (aged 18–44), while younger participants preferred “other” to a greater degree. Out of 36 participants who specifically mentioned the terms “paraprofessional” or “paralibrarian,” 32 (89%) of those comments were negative, indicating that the “para” in “paraprofessional” and “paralibrarian” is either insulting, inapplicable, or unfamiliar. Conclusions: Our results suggest that although the term “paraprofessional” may not intentionally be used to demean library staff, many library staff interpret the term to be demeaning to their roles. Instead, “library staff,” a more inclusive and less divisive term, was preferred by survey participants. In accordance with our results, we believe the term “paraprofessional” should no longer be used in library and information scholarly literature or professional discourse.
Evaluation of CentOS performance under IoT based DDoS Security Attacks

The increasing interest in ‘always-connected’ devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have led to many electronic devices with Internet connectivity becoming omnipresent in modern households and workplaces. Consequently, this increase has also led to an increase in vulnerable IoT devices, ripe for being hijacked by a malicious third party. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have consistently been an issue since the birth of the Internet. With the large number of IoT devices available today, the strength and intensity of these attacks continue to grow. Not all devices are created equal in terms of vulnerabilities that may exist with them. Many harbor flaws that allow them to be used as a bot by an external malicious host without the knowledge of the owner. Myriad of such devices can be used in a network of zombie machines (botnet) meant to carry out an attack. These botnets are used to flood a victim system with information aimed at consuming large amounts of resources, such as memory or processing power. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of CentOS 15 operating system under four popular DDoS attack scenarios in a controlled experimental environment.
Characteristics Sought When Hiring Faculty in Family Medicine Residency Programs.

Background and objectives Faculty shortages are a significant concern in family medicine education. Many family medicine residency programs need to recruit faculty in the coming years. As a result, family medicine faculty and resident physicians will be interviewing candidates to fill these vacancies. Little is known about the characteristics valued in a family medicine residency faculty candidate. Methods Using a cross-sectional survey of family medicine faculty and resident physicians in family medicine residency programs in Kansas, we attempted to define which characteristics are most valued by current faculty members and resident physicians in family medicine residency programs during the faculty hiring process. Results Of 187 invited respondents, 93 completed the survey (49.7% response rate). Twenty-five characteristics, grouped into five domains of relationship building, clinical, teaching, research and administrative skills, were rated as either not important, important, or very important. Building and maintaining healthy relationships was the most important characteristic for faculty, residents, males, and females. Administrative characteristics were the lowest ranked domain in our survey. Discussion These results provide an important snapshot of the characteristics valued in faculty candidates for family medicine residency programs. Understanding the paradigm used by existing faculty and resident physicians in family medicine residency programs when considering new faculty hires has an important impact on faculty recruitment and faculty development programs.
Molecular exclusion limits for diffusion across a porous capsid.

Molecular communication across physical barriers requires pores to connect the environments on either side and discriminate between the diffusants. Here we use porous virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from bacteriophage P22 to investigate the range of molecule sizes able to gain access to its interior. Although there are cryo-EM models of the VLP, they may not accurately depict the parameters of the molecules able to pass across the pores due to the dynamic nature of the P22 particles in the solution. After encapsulating the enzyme AdhD within the P22 VLPs, we use a redox reaction involving PAMAM dendrimer modified NADH/NAD+ to examine the size and charge limitations of molecules entering P22. Utilizing the three different accessible morphologies of the P22 particles, we determine the effective pore sizes of each and demonstrate that negatively charged substrates diffuse across more readily when compared to those that are neutral, despite the negatively charge exterior of the particles. Molecular transport across physical barriers requires pores that connect to the environment. Here, the authors report on a solution based dynamic study into the effects of size and charge on the transport through the pores of virus-like particles derived from bacteriophage P22 using an encapsulated redox system.
ORIGIN OF 12 μm EMISSION ACROSS GALAXY POPULATIONS FROM WISE AND SDSS SURVEYS

We cross-matched Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer sources brighter than 1 mJy at 12 μm with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy spectroscopic catalog to produce a sample of ~10^5 galaxies at = 0.08, the largest of its kind. This sample is dominated (70%) by star-forming (SF) galaxies from the blue sequence, with total IR luminosities in the range ~10^(8)-10^(12) L_☉. We identify which stellar populations are responsible for most of the 12 μm emission. We find that most (~80%) of the 12 μm emission in SF galaxies is produced by stellar populations younger than 0.6 Gyr. In contrast, the 12 μm emission in weak active galactic nuclei (AGNs; L_[O iii] 10^(7) L_☉), act as an extension of massive SF galaxies, connecting the SF and weak AGN sequences. This suggests a picture where galaxies form stars normally until an AGN (possibly after a starburst episode) starts to gradually quench the SF activity. We also find that 4.6-12 μm color is a useful first-order indicator of SF activity in a galaxy when no other data are available.
Heterogeneity-Based Survival Analysis of NBI Condition Ratings for Concrete Highway Bridge Decks in Oregon by Condition Group

AbstractThis study applied a heterogeneity-based survival analysis to determine significant contributing factors to a bridge deck’s time-in-condition rating (TICR) by condition rating (CR) group: h...
Efficient Protocols for Principal Eigenvector Computation over Private Data

In this paper we present a protocol for computing the principal eigenvector of a collection of data matrices belonging to multiple semi-honest parties with privacy constraints. Our proposed protocol is based on secure multi-party computation with a semi-honest arbitrator who deals with data encrypted by the other parties using an additive homomorphic cryptosystem. We augment the protocol with randomization and oblivious transfer to make it difficult for any party to estimate properties of the data belonging to other parties from the intermediate steps. The previous approaches towards this problem were based on expensive QR decomposition of correlation matrices, we present an efficient algorithm using the power iteration method. We present an analysis of the correctness, security, and efficiency of protocol along with experimental results using a prototype implementation over simulated data and USPS handwritten digits dataset.
Conceptualizing the Heterogeneity, Embeddedness, and Ongoing Restructuring That Make Ecological Complexity ‘Unruly’

My thesis is that, although ecologists have not named the concept as such, they are always dealing with unruly complexity, that is, with ongoing change in the structure of situations that have built up over time from heterogeneous components and are embedded or situated within wider dynamics. Ecology tends to suppress such complexity by mimicking the physical sciences in constructing – materially and conceptually – well-bounded systems, which have clearly defined boundaries, coherent internal dynamics, and simply mediated relations with their external context. Ecologists can envisage themselves positioned outside the systems and seek generalizations and principles that afford a natural or economical reduction of complexity. If researchers want, in contrast, to discipline unruly complexity without suppressing it, they need to recognize that control and generalization are difficult and no privileged standpoint exists; that ongoing assessment is needed, and this requires engagement in the changing situations. The inner structure of ecology rests, therefore, on the tension between unruliness and attempts to discipline it.
Fundamentals of Electric Power

Since most students, including many who have had a good first course in electrical engineering, have not been exposed to anything related to electric power, we present a practical orientation to such topics as power factor, transmission lines, three-phase power, power supplies, and power quality.
Multi-relay strategy for imperfect channel information in sensor networks

This paper describes a multi-relay strategy for wireless networks and examines the influence of imperfect channel information on system performance. A modified relay scheme is proposed to compensate for such imperfections.
Robots That Take Advice

Mobile robots, if they are to perform useful tasks and become accepted in open environments, must interact with humans. Robot response to humans at the most basic level means not injuring them directly or indirectly, e.g., treating humans as obstacles to be avoided in the performance of a task. Robots will be more useful if they can interact in more sophisticated ways. Here we identify a set of useful robot/human interaction modes: attending, taking advice, and tasking. All three involve complex sensing and planning operations on the part of the robot, including the use of visual tracking of humans, gesture recognition, and speech recognition and understanding. We show how these capabilities are integrated in the Saphira architecture on Flakey, a mobile robot testbed. We demonstrate a scenario in which an untrained supervisor is able to introduce Flakey to an office environment, and command it to perform delivery tasks.
Community Service Learning: The Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden Oak Death) Stream Monitoring Project

Dr. Cline was looking for a way to revitalize the class project in her environmental microbiology course, an upper-division college class that introduces students to general microbiology in the first 5 weeks and then explores environmental applications of microbiology. Dr. Elliott was looking for volunteers to participate in a community stream monitoring project. Cline was intrigued by service learning as a way to engage students and widen their focus to the world outside the classroom, but hesitant to sacrifice the time they could otherwise devote to studying fundamental concepts. And furthermore, could students who had only studied microbes for weeks give back to their community in a meaningful way? The answer proved to be yes – as …
Investigating thiol-modification on hyaluronan via carbodiimide chemistry using response surface methodology

Hyaluronan (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan widely researched for its use as a biomaterial in tissue engineering, drug delivery, angiogenesis, and ophthalmic surgeries. The mechanical properties of this biomaterial can be altered to a required extent by chemically modifying the pendant reactive groups. However, derivatizing these polymers to a predetermined extent has been the Achilles heel for this process. In this study, we have investigated the factors controlling the derivatization of the carboxyl moieties of HA with amine containing thiol, cystamine dihydrochloride (Cys), via carbodiimide crosslinking chemistry. We used fractional factorial design to screen and identify the significant factor(s) affecting the reaction, and response surface methodology (RSM) to develop a model equation for predicting the degree of thiolation of HA. Also, we analyzed the reaction mechanism for potential side reactions. We observed that N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) (mole ratio with repeat unit of HA) is the significant factor controlling the degree of amidation. The quadratic equations developed from RSM predict the formulation for a desired degree of amidation of HA and percentage of potential side product. Hence, derivatizing HA to a predetermined extent with minimal side product can be achieved using the statistical design of experiments.
Computer-controlled scanning electron microscope system for high-resolution microelectronic pattern fabrication

A small, dedicated computer has been interfaced to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the purpose of generating, registering, and fabricating microelectronic device and circuit patterns with submicron dimensions. A preliminary registration accuracy of ±0.1 µm over a (950-µm)2pattern field has been demonstrated.
A study of conductive material for e-beam lithography

Unlike optical systems, electron-charging effect is a concern for e-beam lithography. Accumulated charge on the resist will perturb the route of incident electrons, resulting in pattern distortion or failure. Therefore, reducing charge accumulation becomes an important topic for high-pattern-density e-beam applications. In this paper, we used a conductive material as the resist substrate for charging effect evaluation. The e-beam source from CD-SEM (Critical Dimension SEM) was initially used to conductive performance qualification. When comparing with non-conductive BARC, we found that the experimental conductive material has an additional 11% to 14% resist-shrinkage than a non-conducting BARC. However, we cannot repeat this phenomenon in the multiple-e-beam (MEB) imaging tool. From Monte Carlo simulation, the electrons deeply penetrate through the substrate instead of being trapped in the resist substrate. It further indicates that although conductive bottom layer can dissipate electron effectively for surface charging, the film scheme as well as tool grounding are also important for minimizing the charging effect.
Calibration of brachytherapy iridium-192 sources☆☆☆

Abstract The relative sensitivity of a well-type ionization chamber to the photon fluences from 192 Ir and 226 Ra has been determined by comparing the response to National Bureau of Standards (NBS)-caflbrated sources. In addition, the activity of the 192 Ir sources was measured with spectrometric analysis using a germanium detector. In the latter experiment, the activity determined by NBS was verified well within the uncertainty of the measurement technique of ± 2%. The information obtained in this study shows that the well-type ionization chamber over-responds by 10% when exposed to the energy of 192 Ir, after initial standardization with a 226 Ra standard.
Islam and the Language of Human Rights in Nigeria: “Rights Talk” and Religion in Domestic Politics

How do Islamic political actors engage with international human rights discourse in new Muslim-majority democracies? While most scholarly research focuses on the role of transnational actors in shaping the local adoption of rights norms, this article focuses on how even incomplete democratization can empower religious actors to engage in meaningful local debates over how to define the relationship between religious values, democratic meanings, and rights. The article presents a case study of Nigeria, where Muslim activists have used “rights talk” to advance the implementation of Islamic law (sharia) under the post-1999 democratic regime. It also explores how these activists’ use of rights language to pursue sharia policies that conflict significantly with international rights norms challenges human and women's rights groups in Nigeria, who must walk a careful line between appeals to universal norms and religiously grounded arguments in their own advocacy.
A new proof of the local regularity of the eta invariant of a Dirac operator

Abstract In this paper we use the approach of our earlier proof of the local index theorem to give a new proof of Bismut–Freed’s result on the local regularity of the eta invariant of a Dirac operator in odd dimension.
The absence of steady-state flow during large strain plastic deformation of some Fcc metals at low and intermediate temperatures

A study of the plastic deformation of several fcc metals and alloys at large strains was conducted. The purpose of this study was to take a critical look at the assumption of steady-state flow at low and intermediate temperatures. For this purpose, large strain data were obtainedvia torsion testing of thin-walled tubes. The stress-strain results from these tests followed two distinct trends: at low temperatures, strain hardening continued at shear strains of 8; at higher temperatures strain softening occurred. Continued strain hardening was observed in pure nickel, nickel-cobalt solid-solutions, pure aluminum, and two aluminum alloys. A laminar arrangement of closely spaced dislocation walls arises at large strains and low temperatures, which differs from the well-recovered equiaxed subgrain structure observed at high temperature. Thus, it appears that dynamic recovery processes are not sufficient to establish a steady-state dislocation structure at low temperatures. Strain softening in nickel and nickel-cobalt at higher temperatures was attributed to dynamic recrystallization. In none of the large strain tests conducted was a steady-state flow stress, independent of strain, observed. Torsion test data were found to match data from steady-state tensile creep and compression tests. In the case of the large strain torsion tests of nickel, recrystallization occurred. This suggests that recrystallization and boundary migration can be important processes in creep.
GUEST EDITORIAL: IMPLEMENTING AND SUSTAINING EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN SOCIAL WORK

(2007). GUEST EDITORIAL: IMPLEMENTING AND SUSTAINING EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN SOCIAL WORK. Journal of Social Work Education: Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 361-376.
Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect in the anterior maxilla

An unusual presentation of a focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect is documented. A definitive diagnosis could not be established on the basis of the location, history, clinical, and radiographic appearance. A biopsy provided the identity of the lesion.
Magnetic properties of nearly defect-free maghemite nanocrystals

Temperature variations of the magnetization $M$ and the electron magnetic resonance (EMR) parameters of maghemite $(\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ nanocrystals are reported for the $4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}--300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ range. Transmission electron microscopy of the nanocrystals shows them to be nearly spherical samples (aspect ratio $a∕b=1.15$) with diameter $D=7(1)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, and analysis of x-ray diffraction lines yields $D=6.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ with negligible strain. $M$ versus $T$ data show blocking temperatures ${T}_{B}\ensuremath{\simeq}101\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, $89\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, and $68\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ in measuring fields $H=50$, 100, and $200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Oe}$ respectively. $M$ versus $H$ data for $Tg{T}_{B}$ fits the modified Langevin function $M={M}_{s}\mathcal{L}({\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}H∕{k}_{B}T)+{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{a}H$ with ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}=8000(500){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}∕\text{particle}$ and ${M}_{s}=80\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{emu}∕\mathrm{g}$, identical to ${M}_{s}$ for bulk $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. It is argued that this large value of ${M}_{s}$, the small value of coercivity ${H}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Oe}$ at $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, the lack of exchange bias in a field-cooled sample, and negligible strain point to nearly defect-free nanocrystals. In the EMR studies, two resonance lines are observed, one with the resonance field ${H}_{r}$ greater than that for the free-electron value and the other smaller. From the temperature variations of ${H}_{r}$ and the linewidths of the two lines, it is argued that the two lines are, respectively, due to nanocrystals with easy-axis aligned perpendicular and parallel to the applied field. The relatively narrow intrinsic linewidths $(\ensuremath{\simeq}400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Oe})$ of the two lines in nearly defect-free nanocrystals facilitated their observation.