cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CO2+ dissociative recombination: A source of thermal and nonthermal C on Mars

[1] CO + 2 dissociative recombination has been assumed in the past to proceed overwhelmingly by the channel that produces CO + O. Although the channel that leads to the products C + O 2 is energetically possible, the significant rearrangement of bonds that is required has led to the belief that this channel contributes minimally. Seiersen et al. [2003] have recently measured the branching ratio for the latter channel, and they have reported a value of ∼9% of the total. We have constructed both low and high solar activity models of the Martian thermosphere, and we have tested the effect of including the C + O 2 channel on the production of both thermal and escaping C atoms in the Martian atmosphere. We find that dissociative recombination of CO + 2 is by far the dominant source of atomic carbon in both models, and its inclusion leads to larger densities of ambient C. The contribution of the source to the escape flux of C, however, is found to be small, both because the altitude profile of the production rate falls off rapidly near the exobase and because the O 2 molecule is probably produced with considerable internal energy. A calculation of the statistical energy partitioning into vibrational and rotational energy of the product O 2 molecule and the translational energy of the products of the reaction indicates that the C atom is produced with translational energy exceeding the escape energy only 3.7% of the time. The models predict that photodissociation of CO is the most important source of escaping C, as have other recent investigations. The computed escape fluxes for the minor sources, however, differ considerably from those of previous models. We find that the second most important source of escaping C is electron impact dissociation of CO, followed by dissociative recombination of CO + . The total predicted escape fluxes are comparable to those of previous models at high solar activity and are a factor of 2 larger at low solar activity.
Children and Adolescents with AIDS: Mobilizing for Care

JCPN Commentary presents a series of observations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social poky factors that influence, families, or the livery of health services to youth and their families
Structure Of Twin Boundaries In Silicon

Grain boundaries exert a profound influence on the electrical behavior of semiconductors. First order twin boundaries are the simplest and most common interfaces which occur in polysilicon. We have studied the dislocation structure and preferred boundary plane orientation of such twins by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, we have investigated the atomic structure of twin boundaries on {111} and {112} planes using an interference technique which permits the relative position of two lattices to be determined with a precision of about 0.05A. Knowing the relative orientation and position of two crystals, together with the interface plane, permits the atomic configuration at the interface to be inferred. We find that the interface structure is surprisingly complex and that more than one atomic configuration is possible for a given grain orientation and interface plane. It is therefore not unexpected that even twin boundaries can show variations in electrical properties.
BLOOD LOSS AND THE NEED FOR TRANSFUSION IN PATIENTS WHO UNDERGO PARTIAL OR RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

Purpose: We assessed blood loss and subsequent transfusion associated with nephrectomy performed for suspected renal cell carcinoma to establish guidelines for preoperative autologous blood donation and identify a subgroup of patients that may benefit from erythropoietin administration.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 211 patients who underwent partial (73%) or radical (23%) nephrectomy for presumed renal cell carcinoma at our institution between 1990 and 1999. Patients were divided into groups 1—44.5% treated with radical nephrectomy for localized disease, 2—21.3% radical nephrectomy for metastatic lesions invading the renal vasculature or inferior vena cava, 3—8% radical nephrectomy for metastatic disease with locally extensive lesions and 4—26.5% partial nephrectomy for localized lesions. Patient charts were evaluated for preoperative and postoperative hematocrit, estimated blood loss, transfusions received, surgical complications and underlying disease.Results: Median e...
Human Herpesvirus 8 Detection in Nasal Secretions and Saliva

The presence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in nasal secretions and saliva from 14 HHV-8-seropositive persons, including 8 Kaposi's sarcoma patients: 7 were human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected, 6 of whom were asymptomatic. HHV-8 was detected in one or both body fluids in 8 (57%) of 14 subjects. Parallel PCR testing revealed the concomitant presence of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and HHV-6 in various combinations in these body fluids. These data indicate frequent shedding of multiple herpesviruses in nasal secretions and saliva, particularly in Kaposi's sarcoma patients. Both body fluids are therefore potential sources HHV-8 by nonsexual transmission.
Rational Probabilistic Incoherence

Probabilism is the view that a rational agent's credences should always be probabilistically coherent. It has been argued that Probabilism follows, given the assumption that an epistemically rational agent ought to try to have credences that represent the world as accurately as possible. The key claim in this argument is that the goal of representing the world as accurately as possible is best served by having credences that are probabilistically coherent. This essay shows that this claim is false. In certain cases, the goal of having accurate credences is best served by being probabilistically incoherent. Assuming that an epistemically rational agent ought to try to have credences that are as accurate as possible, it follows that in certain cases a rational agent ought to have probabilistically incoherent credences.
Institutional Change and Legislative Vote Consensus in New Zealand

In this research note, I discuss results from a recent study assessing the impact that New Zealand's electoral and legislative system reforms had on levels of vote consensus achieved in the House of Representatives. Using a new legislative vote data set spanning from 1987 to 2007, I find evidence that the institutional changes fostered an increase in consensual legislative vote outcomes. I also provide a brief theoretical explanation of the developments and address a few issues concerning the measure of consensus used and the interpretation of the data.
Anger, problematic alcohol use, and intimate partner violence victimisation and perpetration.

BACKGROUND: Anger and problematic alcohol use have been established as individual risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) victimisation and perpetration, but it is unknown how these factors convey risk for IPV perpetration for men and women within the context of mutually violent relationships. HYPOTHESES: Anger and problematic alcohol use were hypothesised to mediate the association between IPV victimisation and perpetration for men and women, with direct and indirect influences from partner variables. METHODS: Heterosexual couples (N = 215) at high-risk for IPV completed questionnaires indexing trait anger, problematic alcohol use and extent of past-year IPV perpetration and victimisation. An actor-partner interdependence modelling (APIM) framework was used to evaluate these cross-sectional data for two hypothesised models and one parsimonious alternative. RESULTS: The best-fitting model indicated that IPV victimisation showed the strongest direct effect on physical IPV perpetration for both men and women. For women, but not men, the indirect effect of IPV victimisation on physical IPV perpetration through anger approached significance. For men, but not women, the victimisation-perpetration indirect effect through problematic drinking approached significance. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results suggest that anger and problem drinking patterns play different yet important roles for men and women in mutually violent relationships. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Influence of improved performance monitoring on the consistency of a bottom trawl survey

Numerous trawl hauls, made during the triennial bottom trawl surveys (1977–1998) conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service off the U.S. West Coast, had unusually small catch rates of benthic fish and invertebrates (cpueB), probably because the trawl failed to contact the seabed (off-bottom). Technological advances in the equipment used to monitor trawl performance since 1986 have increased our ability to recognize off-bottom tows, and cpueB has risen. As direct trawl performance measurements were not available in earlier surveys, a minimum cpueB derived from the survey with the best monitoring of bottom contact of the time-series (1998) was used as a criterion to eliminate trawls with poor bottom contact from earlier surveys. The truncated data sets produce significantly larger biomass indices, especially in 1980, with increases of 43, 45, and 56% for Dover sole, petrale sole, and Pacific sanddab, respectively. The analysis suggests that changes in cpueB over the time-series may be related more to changing survey fishing methods than to changes in abundance. Other bottom trawl surveys, which have also added trawl monitoring equipment during their time-series, may have experienced similar changes in trawl performance. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
The impact of tougher education standards: Evidence from Florida

Abstract Many of the policies that fall under the school accountability umbrella are designed to incentivize students. Prominent among these are high school exit exams, standardized tests that, in some states, students must pass to earn a high school diploma. Proponents of these tests argue that by incentivizing students, they induce them to work harder and, therefore, improve their high school performance and, perhaps, longer-run outcomes; some of these proponents argue that these exams would be even more helpful if they were set at a higher standard. Critics worry that these exams prevent some students from graduating and cause others to dropout; they contend that these effects are worse if standards are higher. In this paper we investigate the impacts of an increase in the exit exam standard in Florida. Using difference-in-difference methods, we show that this had few of the negative effects claimed by critics. We cannot detect any positive effects of the higher standard, although such effects may be too small to be picked up with our data.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Sulfur-Containing Compounds from Petiveria Alliacea L.

Eighteen organosulfur compounds originating from Petiveria alliacea L. roots have been tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. These represent compounds occurring in fresh homogen...
Experience with a functional layered multicomputer architecture for interactive processing

Abstract A unique multicomputer functionally layered architecture is described. This architecture is one of the first attempts to develop an effective decomposition of computer systems into integrated systems of specialized subsystems. Targeted specifically at interactive processing, this system concentrates on creating the image of a single system despite being composed of multiple heterogeneous subsystems. Specific problems that must be considered are 1. (1) transparent interchange of files between heterogeneous subsystems and 2. (2) accommodation of a variety of terminal and workstation interface technologies. A commercial implementation of the architecture is discussed, and a next generation of this technology is commented on.
Hexacoordinated cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes of a novel mixed ligand, N-(2-methylpyridine)-2-aminomethyl benzoic acid: structures, spectroscopic characterizations and redox studies

Abstract Two new metal complexes, [Co(Mamba) 2 ] and [Ni(Mamba) 2 ], have been prepared by the treatment of the tridentate ligand N -(2-methylpyridine)-2-aminomethyl benzoic acid (HMamba) with the respective metal salts (Co(ClO 4 ) 2 and Ni(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 ) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The ligand was synthesized by reduction of the Schiff base which was obtained by condensation of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde with 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine. The complexes have been characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction and other spectroscopic techniques. The structures of the complexes are octahedral with each metal center chelated to two ligands through the amine nitrogen atom, the pyridine nitrogen atom and benzoic acid oxygen atom of each Mamba − . In solid state, an extended networks of H-bonding between cocrystallized solvent molecules and the metal complexes have been observed. Electrochemical studies of the complexes revealed the presence of metal-based one electron quasi-reversible reduction in acetonitrile.
Lymphedema and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: The Iowa Women's Health Study

Purpose The impact of lymphedema or related arm symptoms on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in breast cancer (BrCa) survivors has not been examined using a large population-based cohort. Patients and Methods The Iowa Women’s Health Study (IWHS) collected self-report data for lymphedema, arm symptoms, and HRQOL (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36) in 2004 and data for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and behavioral and health characteristics between 1986 and 2003. We studied 1,287 women, age 55 to 69 years at baseline, who developed unilateral BrCa. We used cross-sectional analyses to describe the prevalence of lymphedema and arm symptoms and multivariate-adjusted generalized linear models to compare HRQOL (physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, physical and emotional role limitations, vitality, social functioning, and mental health) between the following three survivor groups: women with lymphedema (n 104), women with arm symptoms without diagnosed lymphedema (n 475), and women without lymphedema or arm symptoms (n 708).
DNA METHYLATION AND EPIGENETICS

▪ Abstract In many eukaryotes, including plants, DNA methylation provides a heritable mark that guides formation of transcriptionally silent heterochromatin. In plants, aberrant RNA signals direct DNA methylation to target sequences, sometimes appropriately and sometimes inappropriately. This chapter discusses the generation of RNA signals for epigenetic changes, the factors that mediate those changes, and some of the consequences of those changes for plant gene expression and genome integrity.
Narratives of Distinction: Personal Life Narrative as a Technology of the Self in the Everyday Lives and Relational Worlds of Children with Autism

Abstract Over the years, children with autism have often been portrayed in the professional literature and the popular media as asocial creatures bereft of words and subjective worldviews. Alternatively, I examine the lived contexts in which children with autism spectrum disorders actively engage with family members in coconstructed narrative recountings of personal life events, and are apprenticed into culturally consonant genres of life narrative as a technology of the self. Employing naturalistic video- and audio-taped data documenting the everyday lives of 17 U.S. children diagnosed with high functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome, I demonstrate how everyday narratives of personal experience offer a vehicle for expression of the children's subjective life worlds and a venue for self-presentation and intersubjective attunement in which social and moral distinctions of normativity and difference are at stake. These deeply interactive self-fashioning processes highlight and make visible the dynamic intersubjective practices that contribute to human subjectivity. [autism, children, narrative, self, sociality]
Developmental lung expression and transcriptional regulation of Claudin-6 by TTF-1, Gata-6, and FoxA2

Background: Claudins are transmembrane proteins expressed in tight junctions that prevent paracellular transport of extracellular fluid and a variety of other substances. However, the expression profile of Claudin-6 (Cldn6) in the developing lung has not been characterized. Methods and results: Cldn6 expression was determined during important periods of lung organogenesis by microarray analysis, qPCR and immunofluorescence. Expression patterns were confirmed to peak at E12.5 and diminish as lung development progressed. Immunofluorescence revealed that Cldn6 was detected in cells that also express TTF-1 and FoxA2, two critical transcriptional regulators of pulmonary branching morphogenesis. Cldn6 was also observed in cells that express Sox2 and Sox9, factors that influence cell differentiation in the proximal and distal lung, respectively. In order to assess transcriptional control of Cldn6, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0-kb of the proximal murine Cldn6 promoter was ligated into a luciferase reporter and co-transfected with expression vectors for TTF-1 or two of its important transcriptional co-regulators, FoxA2 and Gata-6. In almost every instance, TTF-1, FoxA2, and Gata-6 activated gene transcription in cell lines characteristic of proximal airway epithelium (Beas2B) and distal alveolar epithelium (A-549). Conclusions: These data revealed for the first time that Cldn6 might be an important tight junctional component expressed by pulmonary epithelium during lung organogenesis. Furthermore, Cldn6-mediated aspects of cell differentiation may describe mechanisms of lung perturbation coincident with impaired cell junctions and abnormal membrane permeability.
Blunted Fenfluramine-Evoked Prolactin Secretion in Hypertensive Rats

Plasma prolactin (PRL) levels after acute administration of fenfluramine (FEN) have been used as a probe of brain serotonin activity. FEN-evoked increases in PRL levels inversely correlate with arterial blood pressure (ABP) in humans (Muldoon et al. Hypertension. 1998;32:972-975), thereby suggesting that brain serotonin activity may be reduced in hypertension. The present study sought to determine whether the relation between FEN-evoked PRL levels and ABP was present in two rat models of hypertension. Experiments were performed in awake male rats that were instrumented with femoral arterial and venous catheters 2 days before experiments. FEN (3.0 mg/kg IV) significantly increased plasma PRL levels in both spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY); however, FEN-evoked PRL levels were significantly lower in SHR compared with WKY, though baseline levels were similar between strains. Similar results were obtained in rats with chronic hypertension produced by figure-8 renal wrap plus contralateral nephrectomy. In contrast, the increase in PRL levels evoked by the serotonin receptor agonist m-CPP or the dopamine receptor antagonist eticlopride did not differ between SHR and WKY, indicating that PRL secretion is not generally blunted in chronic hypertensive rats. Furthermore, FEN-evoked PRL levels were not attenuated in rats made acutely hypertensive by an infusion of the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine. Thus, the present findings are consistent with the human data and suggest that chronic hypertension is associated with a presynaptic alteration in brain serotonin function.
Adaptive software for scientific computing: co-managing quality-performance-power tradeoffs

Current trends in microprocessor design indicate that chips are approaching their packaging thermal limits, and the power-related costs of high-performance clusters and multiprocessors continue to grow as a quadratic function of peak execution rates and clock frequencies. Although a faster scientific simulation, such as one obtained by exploiting quality-performance tradeoffs, is also often one that consumes less power by using fewer compute cycles, a major challenge is developing explicitly power-aware scientific computing tools that can exploit special energy-saving features of the circuit fabric. Such tools are perhaps most natural when scientific computing involved sparse or irregular computations, for example, simulations based on partial differential equations in two or three spatial dimensions solved using implicit or semi-implicit schemes. Sparse kernels typically cannot execute near peak rates of the CPU's, and there is potential for tuning them to co-manage both power and performance characteristics. Furthermore, each sparse kernel often has a variety of implementations offering a wide range of tradeoffs in solution quality (e.g., accuracy, reliability, and scalability) and performance (e.g., execution time/rate and parallel efficiency/speedup). Consequently, proper method selection to meet changing application quality-of-service requirements and changing technologies can potentially provide dramatic performance improvements and savings in energy by using circuit fabric features such as dynamic voltage scaling. Our goal is to design adaptive tools for sparse computations that deliver reduced-energy realizations without adversely impacting application performance. In this paper, we provide an overview of our project and discuss some initial results.
Circling the Text: Nomadic Writing Practices

The sixth moment of qualitative inquiry demands that researchers rethink traditional definitions of ethical research practices. In addition, the crisis of representation demands that researchers rethink the function of writing in qualitative research. In this article, the author illustrates how she used Deleuze's ethical principles as well as Deleuze and Guattari's figurations of the rhizome, the fold, the nomad, and haecceity to address both of these issues in her study of the construction of subjectivity of a group of older, White southern women in her hometown. Mapping how her understanding of subjectivity has shifted as she has employed these figurations in her writing, she suggests that texts can be the site of ethical work as researchers use writing to help them think differently—an ethical practice of postfoundational inquiry—about both the topic of their studies and the methodology.
Simulation and Evaluation of On-Chip Interconnect Architectures: 2D Mesh, Spidergon, and WK-Recursive Network

Network-on-chip has been proposed as an alternative to bus-based system to achieve high performance and scalability. The topology of on-chip interconnect plays a crucial role in system on chip performance, energy, and area requirements. In this paper, an on-chip interconnects architecture based on WK-recursive network is proposed. WK-recursive structure is analyzed and compared to 2D mesh and Spidergon structures. Simulation results show that WK-recursive on-chip interconnect generally outperforms the other architectures.
Exposure of baboons to combined 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields does not produce work stoppage or affect operant performance on a match‐to‐sample task

The authors examined the effects of combined 60 Hz electric and magnetic field (EMF) exposure on performance of delayed match-to-sample (MTS) procedure involving the flash rate of a light as the stimulus. Six baboons (Papio cynocephalus) fully acquired the task; four others functioned accurately only when cued. All ten subjects were assigned to EMF-exposed or sham-exposed groups of five and were used to test for a work-stoppage effect that was previously observed with initial exposure to electric fields (EF) of 30 or 60 kV/m. Here, the authors report the results of two experiments, each consisting of 6 week preexposure, exposure, and postexposure periods. They found no evidence of work stoppage with fields of 6 kV/m and 50 {micro}T (0.5 G) or with 30 kV/m and 100 {micro}T (1.0 G). In neither experiment was there evidence of an adverse effect of 60 Hz EMF exposure on MTS performance.
Permutation Tests for Correlation in Regression Errors

Abstract This article is about tests for serial, spatial, or other correlation in e, the error vector in the linear model Y = Xβ + e. The errors need not come from a particular parametric distribution such as the normal. P values are computed using permutations of the regression residuals. In the special cases that Y = e or X is a vector of Is, the tests are valid and consistent. In general, regression residuals are not exchangeable, so the tests are only approximate. It is shown, however, that under mild conditions, the permutation tests are asymptotically valid and consistent. The test statistics are asymptotically normal. In the serial case, the tests are closely related to the Durbin-Watson (DW) test. The spatial case is illustrated with a test based on a triangulation of observation locations. In addition to providing a spatial analog to the DW test, the permutation tests circumvent two of the DW test's difficulties: dependency on the normality of errors and the need to accommodate “indifference zones.”
Formal Human Capital Attainment of Career Legislators in the U.S. Congress: Modeling Legislatures as Unions

The present paper employs a human capital modelthat examines, among other things, the educationalattainment of career politicians/legislators. Statistical evidence is presented which suggests thatthe formal educational levels differ systematicallybetween career and non-career politicians/legislatorsat the federal level (i.e., in the U.S. Congress) –a result consistent with the implications of thelegislative pay union model developed by McCormick andTollison (1978). Any adverse selection consequencesare potentially significant regarding the quality offederal legislation and the social cost of governmentactivities.
When Do Auditor Defense Tactics Increase Rather Than Decrease Perceived Auditor Negligence

SUMMARY: In cases of alleged audit failure, audit firms and/or their defense teams can make statements intended to decrease jurors' assessments of auditor negligence. For example, Cornell et al. (2009) find that expressing sympathy for the victims of undetected fraud successfully decreases mock jurors' assessments of auditor negligence. Extending this research, Grenier et al. (2012) report the results of an experiment indicating that the effectiveness of defense tactics depends on their perceived credibility, and that credibility depends on at least two prevalent situational factors: the importance of the client to the audit firm and the source of the defense tactic (i.e., the national office or the local office that conducted the audit). Specifically, mock jurors perceive auditor defense tactics to be credible (not credible) when client importance is low (high), and when implemented by the firm's national (local) office. Hence, when client importance is low, defense tactics successfully decrease neglige...
ADRENOMEDULLIN GENE IS ABUNDANTLY EXPRESSED AND DIRECTLY REGULATED BY ANDROGEN IN THE RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE

A gene-expression screen, looking for androgen response genes in the rat ventral prostate, has identified adrenomedullin (AM), a 52-amino acid pluripotent peptide hormone, first isolated from pheochromocytoma. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that the level of expression in the prostate is reduced at least 25-fold by castration, with the majority of the decrease occurring in the first day, and that androgen replacement in seven-day castrated rats stimulates expression to supernormal levels, with the majority of the increase occurring within 14 h. The level of expression in the prostate is at least 50-fold higher than in the adrenal gland and cardiac atria, tissues previously reported to have the highest level of expression in the rat. In prostate organ culture, androgen was able to induce AM expression; and this induction resists protein synthesis inhibition, indicating that AM is a direct androgen response gene in the prostate. In situ hybridization of normal rat prostate tissue showed that AM express...
Energy Levels in Cf-251 via Alpha Decay of Fm-255

The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-singles and conversion-electron spectra of ${\mathrm{Fm}}^{255}$ were measured with a Ge(Li) diode and the Argonne double toroidal $\ensuremath{\beta}$-ray spectrometer, respectively. In the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectra, in addition to the transitions expected from previously known decay schemes, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays of energies 63.8, 131.8, 204.1, and 264.1 keV were observed. Two new $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ groups, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{368}$ (6.765 MeV) and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{433}$ (6.701 MeV), were identified in coincidence with 131.0- and 204.1-keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays. A two-parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence experiment showed that the 204.1- and 131.0-keV transitions populate the $\frac{9}{2}$ and $\frac{11}{2}$ members of the favored band. Conversion-electron studies and $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{v}\mathrm{s}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ intensity comparisons demonstrate their $E1$ character. The half-life of the 370.4-keV level was measured by a delayed $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence method and found to be 1.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.1 \ensuremath{\mu}sec. On the basis of these observations and the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ intensities to these levels, the 370.4- and 434.2-keV levels have been assigned to the $\frac{11}{2}\ensuremath{-}(725\ensuremath{\uparrow})$ and $\frac{9}{2}\ensuremath{-}(734\ensuremath{\uparrow})$ Nilsson states, respectively. A three-parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$-time coincidence experiment indicates that the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ intensity to the 105.73-keV ($I=\frac{7}{2},K=\frac{1}{2}$) level is less than 1%, implying that its 18% population comes primarily via a 0.57-keV transition from the 106.30-keV, $I=\frac{7}{2}$, $K=\frac{7}{2}$ level. The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ transition probabilities to various bands are in agreement with the values expected from $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay systematics and theoretical calculations. The $K$-, $L$-, $M$-, and $N$-sunshell atomic electron binding energies in Cf ($Z=98$), obtained experimentally by least-squares adjustment from the conversion-line data, show significant deviations below recent (Bearden and Burr) tabulated values.
298 Falls from elevation among union drywall installers: Patterns in rates of injury and the utility of event narratives

Objectives Despite prevention efforts over the past several decades, drywall installers in the US remain at risk for work-related falls from elevation. These workers are challenging to study from an epidemiologic perspective. The purpose of this study was to describe patterns in drywall installers’ rates of work-related injury from falls from elevation and event circumstances. Methods Using data from the Carpenters Trusts of Western Washington and Washington State Department of Labour and Industries, we defined a cohort of 5,073 union drywall carpenters, their 37 million union work hours in Washington State, and their workers’ compensation claims from 1989–2008. Individual-level data were linked using an encrypted identifier. Rates of work-related injury were calculated using Poisson regression. Injury event narratives provided additional details. Results Falls from elevation made up 7.5% (n = 454/6,066) of work-related injuries among drywall installers. Rates of injury from falls from elevation declined from 7.8 per 200,000 worker-hours in 1989 to 1.1 per 200,000 worker-hours in 2008. Rates varied little by age and time in the union, except among 9% of events in which drywall material was a contributing factor; workers with 10 + union years had lower rates than their less tenured counterparts. Brief narratives consistently identified surfaces from which workers fell, commonly scaffolds (33%), ladders (21%) and stilts (13%). Worker task, described in 17.5% of events, often included drywall hanging, drilling/screwing or moving material. Information was lacking on height fallen, PPE use, work speed and influence of other workers. Conclusions In addition to continued efforts to prevent work-related falls from scaffolds and ladders, particular attention should be paid to the prevention of drywall-handling-related falls among less experienced workers who may be at greater risk due to greater exposure. Improvements in the consistency of narrative data elements may enhance efforts to identify risk factors or evaluate regulatory changes or interventions.
Crawford v. Washington : The Next Ten Years

Imagine a world . . . in which the Supreme Court got it right the first time. That is, imagine that when the Supreme Court first incorporated the Confrontation Clause against the states, the Court did so by way of the testimonial approach. It’s not that hard to envision. In Douglas v. Alabama—issued in 1965, on the same day the Court ruled that the Confrontation Clause applies to the states—the Court held that a nontestifying witness’s custodial confession could not be introduced against the defendant because, while “not technically testimony,” the confession was “the equivalent in the jury’s mind of testimony” from the nontestifying witness.1 From that platform, all the Court would have needed to say in Dutton v. Evans2 and Ohio v. Roberts3 was that a statement made seemingly in confidence to a cellmate is not “testimonial” in nature, while statements at a preliminary hearing obviously are (although such statements still are admissible when the defendant had an adequate prior opportunity for cross-examination). Of course, things did not turn out that way. Concerned about the unusual nature of Georgia’s version of the coconspirator hearsay exception at issue in Dutton, the Court tied itself up in knots. Then it announced in Roberts that the Confrontation Clause essentially tracked hearsay law. For the next twenty-four years, states enjoyed a license to operate, for the most part, free and clear of the Confrontation Clause. No longer did prosecutors have to present their witnesses’ testimony in court, in the presence of the defendant, and subject to cross-examination. In other words, the clause ceased to be a procedural requirement (enforced by an “exclusionary rule”4 as necessary to preserve the integrity of the right). It became simply a backup to local evidence law.
Anterior urethral polyps: an unusual cause of hematuria in a child.

Abstract We report the second case of terminal hematuria caused by anterior urethral polyps comprised of papillary hemangiomas with mucoid degeneration. The polyps were recognized on a voiding cystourethrogram and excised endoscopically. Polyps of the anterior urethra are considerably less common than those of the prostatic urethra.
Dialectics of Religion and Politics in Senegal

When I visited Senegal for the first time in the summer of 1981, I came to see a country that was very much under the bane of Leopold Sedar Senghor1 and the influence of two major Sufi orders, the Muridiyya and the Tijaniyya. Political discussions were dominated by the hegemonic Parti Socialiste (PS), and Le Soleil was Senegal’s major and only daily paper. Contemporary mondialisation (globalization) had not yet really reached Senegal. In many respects Senegal made a museum-like impression: Railway stations, in particular, looked as if frozen in time. Senegal still was a predominantly rural country and a rural society. Despite the effects of the Sahel droughts of the 1980s, groundnuts were the major cash crop; and even if Dakar and the Cap Vert metropolitan area had become a sizable agglomeration, most of Senegal’s 5.6 million people continued to live in the countryside and some few urban centers such as Thies, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor, Louga, or Kaolack. Most villages were not yet connected to tap water, electricity, or even a road; and in some hinterland areas such as Kountouata, a small village on the border of The Gambia where I stayed for some time as a cooperant (volunteer) for the Service Civil International (International Civil Service), life could be imagined to be pretty much as in early colonial times. There was no television, only one old, battery-driven radio, no newspapers, and transport relied on ox- or horse-drawn carriages.2
Megaloblastic and Nutritional Anemias

Anemia associated with a mean red cell volume (MCV) that is higher than the normal range is frequently encountered. Some patients will have multiple cytopenias while others have isolated anemia. The causes of macrocytic anemias must be distinguished in order to provide specific treatment.
Pasteurella multocida Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Patient

We present the case of a 61-year-old Caucasian gentleman who presented with a one-day history of fever, chills, and altered mental status. His symptoms were initially thought to be secondary to cellulitis. Blood cultures grew Pasteurella multocida, a rare pathogen to cause bacteremia. Our patient was treated with ciprofloxacin for two weeks and made a complete and uneventful recovery. Our patient’s uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease put him at a higher risk for developing serious P. multocida infection. The patient’s dog licking the wounds on his legs was considered as the possible source of infection. As P. multicoda bacteremia is rare, but severe with a high mortality rate, it is imperative to have a high index of suspicion for this infection especially in the vulnerable immunocompromised population.
Readiness for Teledentistry: Validation of a Tool for Oral Health Professionals

We validated a survey tool to test the readiness of oral health professionals for teledentistry (TD). The survey tool, the University of Calgary Health Telematics Unit's Practitioner Readiness Assessment Tool (PRAT) gathered information about the participants' beliefs, attitudes and readiness for TD before and after a teledentistry training program developed for a rural state in the Mid-Western United States. Ninety-three dental students, oral health and other health professionals participated in the TD training program and responded to the survey. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess statistical differences in the change in the readiness rating before and after the training. Principal Components Analysis identified a three factor structure for the PRAT tool: Attitudes/ Attributes of Personnel; Motivation to Change and Institutional Resources. Overall, the evaluation demonstrated a positive change in all trainees' attitudes following the training sessions, with the majority of trainees acknowledging a positive impact of the training on their readiness for teledentistry.
Abstract LB-312: Breast cancer targeting by theranostic gold nanorods

An ongoing need for new cancer therapeutics exists, especially ones that specifically home and target triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors. Because TNBC does not express estrogen, progesterone, or Her2/Neu receptors, another target must be used for advanced drug delivery strategies. Here, we engineered a nanodrug delivery system consisting of silver-coated gold nanorods targeting EpCAM and loaded with doxorubicin. This novel nanodrug system, EpCAM-AuNR/Ag/Dox, was found to specifically target EpCAM-expressing tumor cells compared to low EpCAM-expressing tumors. Namely, the system had an inhibiting cell viability effective dose (ED50) of 3μM on 4T1 cells and an ED50 of 110μM for MDA-MD-231 cells. Flow cytometry indicated that 4T1 cells, on average, express two orders of magnitude more EpCAM than MDA-MD-231 cells, which correlates with our ED50 findings. Moreover, due to its thin silver coating, the AuNR/Ag allowed for detection by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and photoacoustics (PA). Analysis by both imaging detection techniques showed that the targeted nanodrug system was taken up by EpCAM-expressing cells and tumors at significantly higher rates than untargeted nanoparticles (p Citation Format: Samir V. Jenkins, Zeid A. Nima, Kieng B. Vang, Dmitry Nedosekin, Vladimir P. Zharov, Robert J. Griffin, Alexandru S. Biris, Ruud P. Dings. Breast cancer targeting by theranostic gold nanorods [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-312. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-312
Modal Diversion Estimates: Use of U.S. Department of Transportation Intermodal Transportation and Inventory Cost, Highway-to-Rail Intermodal Model

This research outlined and demonstrated an approach and methodology for assessing domestic truck traffic suitable for diversion to intermodal truck to rail shipping. The research was spurred by the following factors: transportation-related findings from the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation’s Wisconsin Economic Future Study: Statewide and Regional Analysis; a general interest in intermodal diversion from federal, state, and local transportation agencies (to alleviate roadway congestion, reduce road deterioration, and reduce transportation emissions and pollutants); and seemingly constant commentary from the state’s private-sector freight stakeholders seeking increased intermodal services. Estimates of diverted loads from trucking to truck-to-rail intermodal vary, depending on the associated cost savings, the commodity being shipped, and the distance between origin and destination. Model results suggest that nonmonetary incentives would be necessary for large volumes of freight to divert.
AAV8 Gene Therapy Rescues the Newborn Phenotype of a Mouse Model of Crigler–Najjar

Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors can target the liver, making them an attractive platform for gene therapy approaches that require the correction of hepatocytes. Crigler–Najjar syndrome is an a...
Unexpected Work’s Drain on Personal Energies: A Job Demands-Resource Model Approach

Employee engagement has recently garnered vast interest from both the academic and practitioner communities, likely due to its link with numerous positive individual and organizational outcomes. He...
Latent classes of mild cognitive impairment are associated with clinical outcomes and neuropathology: Analysis of data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.

Abstract Given the importance of identifying prodromes of dementia with specific etiologies, we assessed whether seven latent classes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), defined empirically based on cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric information at initial visit, are associated with distinct clinical outcomes and neuropathological features. We separated 6034 participants with a baseline diagnosis of MCI into seven latent classes using previously defined criteria. We found that these latent classes of MCI differed significantly in their clinical outcomes, survival time, and neuropathology. Two amnestic multi-domain subgroups, as well as two other subgroups with functional impairments and neuropsychiatric disturbances, were at higher risk of not only a ‘pure’ form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but also a ‘mixed’ pathology consisting of both AD and vascular features. Moreover, the seven latent classes had different risks of Lewy bodies, hippocampal sclerosis, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). This study indicates that data-driven subgroups of MCI are clinicopathologically informative and, with refinement, could lead to targeted interventions focused on each etiology.
The Influences of Place Meanings and Risk Perceptions on Visitors’ Willingness to Pay for Climate Change Adaptation Planning in a Nature-Based Tourism Destination

Travel to nature-based tourism (NBT) destinations contributes to the economic vitality of many communities. However, NBT is especially vulnerable to changes in climate, such as shifts in weather patterns, and changes in environmental conditions that can directly influence outdoor recreation experiences. Communities, parks, and protected areas in NBT destinations have started to respond to climate change threats by assessing their adaptive capacity and planning adaptation strategies. Climate adaptation planning within NBT destinations necessitate local support and the leveraging of proximate resources. Yet, strategies to integrate visitors into climate adaptation efforts is not common, even though visitors’ support for climate change planning and policy may be high. Little is known about the relationship between visitors’ support for adaptation planning and their sociodemographic characteristics, their perceptions of climate-related risks, or the meanings they assign to destinations affected by climate change. In this study, we analyze visitors’ personal attributes, trip characteristics, unique emotional ties and perceptions of the places they visit in relation to their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a license plate that would direct funds toward regional climate adaptation planning. Survey data were collected on-site with NBT visitors and analyzed using binary logistic regression models. Results showed a WTP $30 annually is significantly influenced by increased income, age, climaterelated risk perceptions, and place meanings. Similarly, WTP more than the initial bid (i.e., >$30/year) for climate change adaptation and planning is significantly predicted by increased income and destination loyalty, as well as negative perceptions of climate change risks. This study contributes to a broader understanding of how recreationists and visitors can be incorporated into climate adaptation planning, demonstrating the possibility of a novel funding source. Subscribe to JPRA
Un matrimonio conveniente: diseño de investigación cualitativa y estándares para la evaluación de programas

Este articulo proporciona una valoracion, desde la perspectiva de la investigacion cualitativa, sobre los Standards de 1993 para la evaluacion de programas. En este sentido tres son los aspectos de los Standards que mas aportan a los investigadores cualitativos: a) la preocupacion por los aspectos humanos de la evaluacion; b) los temas de la validez y el significado; y c)una definicion mas amplia de las tecnicas legitimadas de recogida y analisis de datos. Han sido necesarias varias decadas para que la comunidad evaluativa reconozca la utilidad del enlace entre los disenos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los Program Evaluation Standards actualizan los procedimientos de evaluacion, a la vez que legitima una integracion sensata de la amplia variedad de procedimientos disponibles para los evaluadores de programas.
ISPANN: A Policy-Based ISP Auditor for Network Neutrality Violation Detection

Network Neutrality is a controversial and full of ambiguity topic. Several works measure network features in the end-user vantage point to detect traffic differentiations, which are judged as Network Neutrality violations. However, these works neglected that each country has their own Network Neutrality rules. Some countries consider specific cases of traffic differentiations as Network Neutrality violations, and are not as general as previous works believed. In this work we consider violations directly from governments legislators Network Neutrality rules. In this sense, we propose ISPANN, a system which takes as input countries' Network Neutrality rules and audits an ISP network, identifying Network Neutrality violations. No other work proposes Network Neutrality violation detection in the ISP operator vantage point, to the best of our knowledge. We conducted an evaluation that assumes an SDN based ISP network to verify Network Neutrality violations based on OpenFlow switches flow tables and network's informations.