cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetostratigraphy of the uppermost Triassic and lowermost Jurassic Moenave Formation, western United States: Correlation with strata in the United Kingdom, Morocco, Turkey, Italy, and eastern United States

A composite magnetostratigraphy based on the magnetic polarity data from four sections of the uppermost Triassic and lowermost Jurassic Moenave Formation, Utah and Arizona, USA, can be correlated to the marine successions at Saint Audrie9s Bay (UK), Oyuklu, Turkey, and the Southern Alps, Italy, and to the nonmarine sections in Morocco, northern Africa, and the Newark Basin, eastern North America, all deposited across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. Our proposed correlation provides a stratigraphic framework to tie Triassic–Jurassic sedimentation in the American Southwest to the marine UK, Turkey, and Italy sections, and to the Pangea rift history, including extrusive igneous rocks, preserved in Morocco and in the Newark Basin. The Moenave polarity record is characterized by mostly normal polarity, as is consistent with other polarity records across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary, and is interrupted by at least two well-defined reverse-polarity magnetozones. On the basis of available paleontologic information, we interpret the oldest well-defined, reverse-polarity magnetozone, M2r of the Moenave Formation, to correlate with SA5n.2r or SA5n.3r of the Saint Audrie9s Bay record, H– of the Oyuklu record, BIT5n.1r of the Italcementi Quarry record, the oldest reverse magnetozone in sedimentary rocks in Morocco, and with reverse magnetozone E23r of the Newark Basin. The youngest reverse magnetozone of the Moenave Formation, M3r, is correlated to the latest Triassic magnetozones SA5n.5r of the Saint Audrie9s Bay record, J– of the Oyuklu record, and with the interval of reverse polarity in the "intermediate unit" of the Morocco record. Magnetostratigraphic correlations and marine biostratigraphic information support placement of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary in the middle to upper Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation, the Lias Group of the Saint Audrie9s Bay section, the chert-rich limestone of the Oyuklu section, above the Zu Limestone in Italy, and in the central Atlantic magmatic provinc extrusive zone in the Morocco and the Newark records.
Reevaluation of a kindred with congenital absence of dermal ridges, syndactyly, and facial milia

We observed a newborn infant of a previously reported kindred with absent dermal ridge pattern, syndactyly, and facial milia. The infant's features were consistent with three other kindreds, suggesting that this entity is a single disorder with variable expression. Furthermore, this entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of excessive congenital facial milia and erosions.
Real-time differential refractometry without interferometry at a sensitivity level of 10 -6

We present a refractometer based on the principle of total internal reflection that can sensitively record, in real time, the refractive index of fluids over a wide range of refractive indices. The device uses a divergent laser beam and a linear diode array, and has no mechanical or optical moving parts, enabling us to achieve the measurement of a refractive index at a sensitivity level of 10−6. Our refractometer does not rely on interferometry, thus enabling the device to be compact, portable, and inexpensive. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a noninterferometric device that performs real-time differential refractometry with a sensitivity of better than 10−5 has been demonstrated in the literature. We show that our experimental results agree very well with Fresnel theory. We establish a theoretical limit on the sensitivity of this class of refractometers.
Detecting Karenia brevis blooms and algal resuspension in the western Gulf of mexico with satellite ocean color imagery

Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, have had detrimental impacts on the coastal Gulf of Mexico for decades. Detection of Karenia brevis blooms uses an ecological approach based on anomalies derived from ocean color imagery. The same anomaly product used in Florida produces frequent false positives on the Texas coast. These failures occurred during wind-driven resuspension events. During these events resuspension of benthic algae significantly increases chlorophyll concentrations in the water, resulting in confusion with normal water column phytoplankton, such as Karenia. A method was developed to separate the resuspended chlorophyll from the water column chlorophyll, decreasing the false positives used with the detection method.
High Incidence of Rickets in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants with Severe Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Cholestasis and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Risk factors for rickets of prematurity have not been re-examined since introduction of high mineral formula, particularly in ELBW infants. We analyzed the incidence and the risk factors of rickets in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. As a retrospective case-control study from 2004 to 2008, risk factors were analyzed in 24 patients with rickets versus 31 patients without. The frequency of rickets in ELBW infants was 24/55 (44%). Infants with rickets were diagnosed at 48.2 ± 16.1 days of age, and improved by 85.3 ± 25.3 days. By radiologic evaluation, 29% were grade 1 rickets, 58% grade 2 and 13% grade 3. In univariate analysis, infants with rickets had significantly higher incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC), severe PNAC and moderate/severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In multiple regression analysis, after adjustment for gestation and birth weight, rickets significantly correlated with severe PNAC and with moderate/severe BPD. Serum peak alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly elevated in rickets (P < 0.001). In ELBW infants, the incidence of rickets of prematurity remains high and the incidence of severe PNAC and moderate/severe BPD was significantly increased 18 and 3 times, respectively.
Performance analysis of an eye tracker

Eye-trackers are emerging computer-input devices. This paper describes an experiment to measure the performance an eye- tracker. Detailed analysis of the system and experimental data show that for a typical 'move and select' task, the eye-tracker is two times faster than traditional computer input pointing devices like the mouse. Also, the cognitive start time for the eye-tracker is about 100-200 milliseconds less than that of other input pointing devices.
The Culture and Technology of African Iron Production

The Culture and Technology of African Iron Production, Peter R. Schmidt. ed. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1996.338 pp.
A Numerical Simulation of Nonadiabatic Electron Excitation in the Strong Field Regime: Linear Polyenes

Time-dependent Hartree−Fock theory has been used to study of the electronic optical response of a series of linear polyenes in strong laser fields. Ethylene, butadiene, and hexatriene have been calculated with 6-31G(d,p) in the presence of a field corresponding to 8.75 × 1013 W/cm2 and 760 nm. Time evolution of the electron population indicates not only the π electrons, but also lower lying valence electrons are involved in electronic response. When the field is aligned with the long axis of the molecule, Lowdin population analysis shows large charges at each end of the molecule. For ethylene, the instantaneous dipole moment followed the field adiabatically, but for hexatriene, nonadiabatic effects were very pronounced. For constant intensity, the nonadiabatic effects in the charge distribution, instantaneous dipole, and orbital populations increased nonlinearly with the length of the polyene. These calculations elucidate the mechanism of the strong field nonadiabatic electron excitation of polyatomic mol...
Effects of C and Hf concentration on phase relations and microstructure of a wrought powder-metallurgy superalloy

NASA IIB-11, a candidate alloy for advanced temperature turbine engine disks, and four modifications with varying C and Hf concentrations were produced from prealloyed powders. Several notable effects of C and Hf concentration in the alloys were observed. Both the amount of the gamma-prime phase and its solvus temperature increased with decreasing C, but only the gamma-prime solvus was affected by Hf, increasing with increasing Hf. Hf also promoted a cellular gamma-prime precipitation. Hf was, however, about equally distributed between gamma-prime and gamma. Hf and C both affected the carbides formed. Increasing both promoted formation of an MC relative to that of an M6C.
Mechanisms for Kinase-mediated Dimerization of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

We study a mechanism by which dimerization of the EGF receptor (EGFR) cytoplasmic domain is transmitted to the ectodomain. Therapeutic and other small molecule antagonists to the kinase domain that stabilize its active conformation, but not those that stabilize an inactive conformation, stabilize ectodomain dimerization. Inhibitor-induced dimerization requires an asymmetric kinase domain interface associated with activation. EGF and kinase inhibitors stimulate formation of identical dimer interfaces in the EGFR transmembrane domain, as shown by disulfide cross-linking. Disulfide cross-linking at an interface in domain IV in the ectodomain was also stimulated similarly; however, EGF but not inhibitors stimulated cross-linking in domain II. Inhibitors similarly induced noncovalent dimerization in nearly full-length, detergent-solubilized EGFR as shown by gel filtration. EGFR ectodomain deletion resulted in spontaneous dimerization, whereas deletion of exons 2–7, in which extracellular domains III and IV are retained, did not. In EM, kinase inhibitor-induced dimers lacked any well defined orientation between the ectodomain monomers. Fab of the therapeutic antibody cetuximab to domain III confirmed a variable position and orientation of this domain in inhibitor-induced dimers but suggested that the C termini of domain IV of the two monomers were in close proximity, consistent with dimerization in the transmembrane domains. The results provide insights into the relative energetics of intracellular and extracellular dimerization in EGFR and have significance for physiologic dimerization through the asymmetric kinase interface, bidirectional signal transmission in EGFR, and mechanism of action of therapeutics.
A practical approach to security assessment

The Problem Conventional approaches to building and assessing security- critical software are based on the implicit assumption that security is the single most important concern and can be the primary factor driving the software development process. Changes in the marketplace and the nature of security requirements have brought this assumption into question. There is now a large class of systems in which security must compete with other development goals. A risk-driven process model of software development provides a framework for building software that balances conflicting requirements. But a risk-driven process invalidates many of the assumptions made by conventional approaches to the specification and verification of security requirements. This paper presents a new approach to assessing the degree to which softiare meets its security requirements. It does not propose a new specification notation or analysis technique, but provides a general framework into which existing notations and techniques can be integrated. It allows varying degrees of formality to be used: both across the components of the system, and through the development process. The appropriate degree of formality is whatever degree proves necessary to satisfy the stakeholders in the system that the security goals have been met. This approach has been found to be theoretically appealing as well as useful in practice. Here we give a brief overview of the approach, explain how it integrates into a risk-driven process model, and discuss our early results in using it to assess, and thereby thus guide the development of the Legion security model.
Introduction to Forum: Graceful Eldercare

These writings dedicated to Professor William M. Clements, Professor Emeritus of Pastoral Care and Counseling at Claremont School of Theology (CST), started as a collegial conversation between the two of us (Michael and Janet). Our dialogue expanded to include other CST graduates who had studied with Bill Clements. This broadening of the conversation circle reflects the generative spirit of Bill who for almost two decades mentored students in graduate theological education at CST. Bill Clements shared willingly of his own strengths and challenges, never hiding behind an academic facade of pretense and perfection. Perhaps because of his own authenticity and self-acceptance, Bill easily accepted other people just as they are. Through his presence, Bill encouraged students to reflect creatively and to take risks in their academic and ministerial vocations. Bill followed his own advice by initiating a supervisory education track in the clinical training of the Ph.D. program in Pastoral Care and Counseling at Claremont. The vision and good sense of Bill Clements represent legacies that inhabit the teaching and care ministries of his students. Articles in this journal edition address ministry with the aging, expanding the conversation on a topic that captured Professor Clements’ attention for some 30 years of his career. We chose the title “Graceful Eldercare” to express our conviction that caregivers are called to honor the integrity and wholeness of each person along life’s journey, older adults being no exception. Carroll Saussy’s (1998) rendering of grace, “the action of God’s spirit within, luring beings to live as fully and generatively as possible,” names our intention for care (p. 14). The contributors to this issue show manifold ways of exhibiting grace in ministries with older adults. Pastoral Psychol (2011) 60:7–9 DOI 10.1007/s11089-010-0325-4
A General Approach for the Statistical Analysis of Multiaxial Fracture

A general approach for the statistical analysis of fracture under multiaxial states of stress was developed. The approach invokes a critical coplanar strain-energy release-rate fracture criterion and considers distributions of penny cracks in random and preferred orientations. The analysis predicts strength ratios that depend on the strength dispersion and the proximity to the lower bound. For example, the uniaxial and equibiaxial strength ratios well above the lower bound are 1.25 to 1.09 for a typical range of dispersions. Uniaxial and equibiaxial fracture data for alumina were analyzed and compared with the theory. A good correlation was obtained.
A New Paradigm for Engineering Economy

ABSTRACT This paper discusses a fundamental change that appears to be occurring in the practical and theoretical aspects of engineering economy. Recent emphasis on the engineer's role in strategic and design-related decision processes has created a very real need for a change in focus in engineering economy technique and methodology. Several areas of research opportunity that arise because of the paradigm shift are also identified herein.
Classification of the Vertical Component of Furcation Involvement

The current classifications of teeth with furcation involvements refer mainly to the horizontal component of bone loss. This article presents a subclassification that measures the probeable vertical depth from the roof of the furca apically. The subclasses being proposed are: A, B and C. "A" indicates a probeable vertical depth of 1-3 mm, "B" 4-6 mm and "C" 7 or more mm of probeable depth from the roof of the furca apically. Furcations would thus be classified as IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB, IIC and IIIA, IIIB, IIIC.
A fast shaping amplifier-comparator integrated circuit for silicon strip detectors

A 64-channel amplifier-comparator for a silicon strip detector fabricated using the Tektronix SHPi bipolar process is described. This device is particularly useful in high rate colliders with silicon strip vertex detection. The design requirements include near-optimum noise performance, very low power use, proton radiation resistance, and microminiature size. The detector and amplifier can be DC-coupled, since the amplifier is capable of absorbing increasing detector leakage current under irradiation. Circuit measurements show that the circuit will perform properly in its expected environment. >
Dissociable Neural Systems Support Retrieval of How and Why Action Knowledge

In everyday discourse, people typically represent actions in one of two ways: how they are performed or why they are performed. In the present study, we determined the neural systems that support these natural modes of representing actions. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while identifying how and why people perform various familiar actions. Identifying how actions are performed produced activity in premotor areas that support the execution of actions and in higher-order visual areas that support the perception of action-related objects; this finding supports an embodied view of action knowledge. However, identifying why actions are performed preferentially engaged areas of the brain associated with representing and reasoning about mental states; these areas were right temporoparietal junction, precuneus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and posterior superior temporal sulcus. Our results suggest that why action knowledge is not sufficiently constituted by information in motor and visual systems, but requires a system for representing states of mind, which do not have reliable motor correlates or visual appearance.
Utilizing calibrated GPS reflected signals to estimate soil reflectivity and dielectric constant: Results from SMEX02

Extensive reflected GPS data was collected using a GPS reflectometer installed on an HC130 aircraft during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) near Ames, Iowa. At the same time, widespread surface truth data was acquired in the form of point soil moisture profiles, areal sampling of near-surface soil moisture, total green biomass and precipitation history, among others. Previously, there have been no reported efforts to calibrate reflected GPS data sets acquired over land. This paper reports the results of two approaches to calibration of the data that yield consistent results. It is shown that estimating the strength of the reflected signals by either (1) assuming an approximately specular surface reflection or (2) inferring the surface slope probability density and associated normalization constants give essentially the same results for the conditions encountered in SMEX02. The corrected data is converted to surface reflectivity and then to dielectric constant as a test of the calibration approaches. Utilizing the extensive in-situ soil moisture related data this paper also presents the results of comparing the GPS-inferred relative dielectric constant with the Wang-Schmugge model frequently used to relate volume moisture content to dielectric constant. It is shown that the calibrated GPS reflectivity estimates follow the expected dependence of permittivity with volume moisture, but with the following qualification: The soil moisture value governing the reflectivity appears to come from only the top 1-2 centimeters of soil, a result consistent with results found for other microwave techniques operating at L-band. Nevertheless, the experimentally derived dielectric constant is generally lower than predicted. Possible explanations are presented to explain this result.
Gender, Grip Span, Anthropometric Dimensions, and Time Effects on Grip Strength and Discomfort

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship among anthropometric dimensions, grip span, discomfort, gender, and grip strength. The 24 volunteer subjects (12 males, 12 females) performed five grips squeezing their hardest for 2 minutes at each of the five grip spans on the Jamar grip dynamometer. The grip strength was recorded using the UPC software and then averaged for each of the 30 second intervals. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, post-hoc (Tukey) hypothesis tests, and regression. In the ANOVA analysis gender, grip span, time, and the interactions of gender-grip span, grip span-time, and time-gender were determined to be the significant effects. In all four of the 30 second intervals, average grip strength was significantly higher for males than females. Female average grip strength was found to be 70% of male average grip strength. The post-hoc (Tukey) tests showed that grip spans 3, 4, and 2 were significantly higher than grip spans 5 and 1. The anthropometry of several segments of ...
Repair of Large Chondral Defects of the Knee With Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in Patients 45 Years or Older

BackgroundAutologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has become an accepted option for the treatment of chondral defects in carefully selected patients. Current recommendations limit this procedure to younger patients, as insufficient data are available to conclusively evaluate outcomes in patients older than 45 years.HypothesisCartilage repair with ACI in patients older than 45 years results in substantially different outcomes than those previously reported for younger age groups.Study DesignCase series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsThis prospective cohort study reviewed patients 45 years of age at the time of treatment with ACI. The clinical evaluation included a patient satisfaction questionnaire and four validated rating scales: Short Form-36, Modified Cincinnati Rating Scale, WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) Osteoarthritis Index, and the Knee Society Score.ResultsA total of 56 patients 45 years of age were treated with ACI. The average patient age at index surgery was 48.6 years (ran...
Refreshing Pauses: Coca-Cola and Human Rights in Guatemala

Introduction The Lockout/Strike Subdivision The Church Takes Stock First Settlement Repression The Corporate Forum An International Front Boycott! The Spring Offensive Negotiations Begin Abduction A Contract ! An Oasis Runs Dry Occupation The Third Campaign Echoes of Victory Concluding Reflections Notes Bibliography Index About the Author
X-ray diffraction from ion implanted zones

Measurements of x-ray profiles and diffuse scattering from (111), (100) single crystal Niobium films implanted with Nitrogen to average levels of 5 and 0.5 atomic percent are discussed. Theoretical analysis of the asymmetric profiles are used to determine the strain profile in the implanted films. The measured strain profile results from two factors: (1) depth distribution of implants and knock-on damage and (2) elastic constraints. Residual elastic strains develop due to the constraints imposed by a sapphire substrate. Comparison of the diffraction results with theoretical predictions of TRIM indicates the presence of measurable knock-on damage in the films. Huang and Stokes-Wilson scattering measurements made using synchrotron radiation at the ORNL beamline, Brookhaven National Laboratory, were used to reveal the identity of defects formed during the knock-on process.
Analysis and design of robotic manipulators with multiple interchangeable wrists

The concept of multiple interchangeable wrist mechanisms is introduced as a cost-effective, practical method to improve the flexibility of a robot system without increasing the complexity of the wrist design. The interchangeable wrist concept is a natural extension of interchangeable tooling. The feasibility of the proposed concept for real-time applications is demonstrated by an analytical framework that incorporates the wrist-exchange procedure in the robot control hierarchy for the case of manipulators with interchangeable spherical and nonspherical wrists. An algorithmic approach that utilizes the individual kinematic properties of the arm and the wrists is then developed to generate an efficient solution to the kinematic control problem of the coupled system. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm are shown through a numerical example for the PUMA 560 robot. >
Endoscopic Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas

No abstract available. Image: Gross surgical resection specimen (distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy).
Shallow water surface wave elevation distributions.

Many widely used engineering formulas dealing with wind-generated waves have been derived with the assumption that the distribution of instantaneous sea surface elevations is described by the Gaussian distribution law. When real wave conditions are not well described by the Gaussian law, the propriety of theses formulas and designs based upon these formulas is questionable. The validity of the Gaussian assumption for shallow water surface wave elevation distributions is examined in this not.
Surgical management of trigeminal neuropathic pain.

Surgical treatment of mechanical trigeminal nerve injuries resulting in neuropathic pain varies with the type of injury (i.e., amputation or compression), presence of painful neuromas, and adjacent hard/soft tissues. Microsurgical principles that include access, preparation, and repair of the various nerve injuries are recommended for surgical treatment. The choice of surgical repair depends on the microscopic pathology and the presence or absence of adequate distal nerve tissue.
Anxiety and Memory

The following chapter is a reflection on the ways in which anxiety may be represented and organized in memory, how anxiety responses modulate the retrieval of other, associated information, and how these responses are themselves modified when accessed in vivo or in imagination. It begins with a brief analysis of research on emotion-state dependent, and mood-congruent, verbal learning and memory. Current theory of these effects is assessed. Evidence is reviewed for an alternative view, which suggests that response information (about both somatic and visceral events) may mediate the retrieval of associated verbal memories. An information structure for emotion is proposed, consisting of response, stimulus, and meaning concepts, organized into an associative network. A prototype network is described, based on clinical phobia, and experiments exploring the utility of this model are presented. It is shown that fear prototypes can be accessed through imagery and that, in therapy, the processing of response components in the image is associated with fear reduction and clinical improvement.
Fluoroscopically Guided Low-volume Peritendinous Corticosteroid Injection For Achilles Tendinopathy: A Safety Study

Background: The safety and efficacy of corticosteroid injection for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy is not known, with some reports indicating the hazard of tendon rupture and others extolling the efficacy of such injections. This study was undertaken to assess the safety of fluoroscopically guided corticosteroid injections into the peritendinous space for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy. Methods: A series of patients was treated with fluoroscopically guided corticosteroid injections into the space surrounding the Achilles tendon. Major and minor complications were recorded, as were the number of repeat injections, the duration of symptomatic relief attained with the injection, and a subjective rating of symptoms related to the Achilles tendon. Results: Of eighty-three patients who had been treated, seventy-eight were available for follow-up and forty-three met our requirement for a minimum two-year follow-up (average duration of follow-up, 37.4 months). No major complications and one minor complication occurred in the forty-three patients. Seventeen (40%) of the patients reported improvement after the procedure, twenty-three (53%) thought that their condition was unchanged, and three (7%) felt that their condition was worse than it had been prior to the injection. Conclusions: This retrospective cohort study establishes the safety of low-volume injections of corticosteroids for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy when the needle is carefully inserted into the peritendinous space under direct fluoroscopic visualization. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Usage trends of minimally absorbed vaginal estrogens in breast cancer patients versus patients with non-breast malignancies

10620 Background: To determine if differences exist in the use of minimally absorbed vaginal estrogens in a breast cancer population versus one with non-breast malignancies. Methods: A retrospectiv...
Judicial Decisions and Prison Reform: The Impact of Litigation on Women PrisonersJudicial Decisions and Prison Reform: The Impact of Litigation on Women Prisoners

Despite a decade of prison reform, women in U.S. prisons still suffer discrimination in a wide variety of areas. This paper explores three categories of prison litigation concerning women: sex discrimination; medical care, especially for pregnant women; and parental rights. I discuss the limited impact which judicial decisions have had on conditions within women's prisons, and analyze the reasons for this ineffectiveness.
The Role of Gas-Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Gas-liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography are powerful analytic methods for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of complex mixtures. These methodologies are readily adapted to therapeutic drug monitoring; they not only provide accurate quantitation of specific drugs in clinical specimens, but also allow detection, identification and quantitation of drugs and drug metabolites that are not known beforehand to be present in a particular specimen. Sample preparation and sequential analysis are the timeconsuming elements in chromatographic techniques. These two factors limit the practical applications of chromatography to situations in which relatively small numbers of specimens are tested. Because of the low cost of reagents and the analytic flexibility of chromatography, however, advances in automation of sample processing and data reduction will make chromatography more attractive for larger work loads. A critical review of the applications of gas-liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography for routine analyses of therapeutic drugs in clinical laboratories is presented. The drug groups considered include antiepileptics, cardioactive drugs, psychoactive drugs, antihypertensives and antibiotics.
Fasting plasma glucose, uric acid, and triglycerides as predictors of the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C

It was reported previously that a score composed of glucose, uric acid, and triglyceride was correlated closely with the total cholesterol:high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC:HDL) ratio and could be used to predict those subjects for whom the more expensive HDL measurement would be useful. The authors tested this score using multiple regression and discriminant function analysis in a population sample of 209 men aged 40-79 years, Triglyceride was the only component of the score that contributed to the prediction or classification of the TC:HDL ratio. Although the correlations of the score with the TC:HDL ratio were relatively good (r = 0.72 or greater), the discriminant function analysis showed that subjects with high or low scores could have high or low TC:HDL ratios. The authors conclude that the score (essentially the triglyceride level) is inadequate to permit the classification of any individual as having a definite high or low TC:HDL ratio.
Consumer Goals and Reactions to a Communication Source

In an experiment with 292 housewives, need for social approval and cognitive task importance was used to divide respondents into groups with predominantly problem-solving or social goals. The first group reacted more to competence of the source of a persuasive message, the second more to its social attractiveness. Rejection of the message led to a less favorable view of the source by subjects with social goals.
Isolation options for non-cellulosic heteropolysaccharides (HetPS)

The isolation of non-cellulosic heteropolysaccharides (HetPS) from barley husks (Hordeum spp.) and yellow poplar wood chips (Liriodendron tulipifera) was accomplished using mild steam explosion followed by extraction with water and ultrafiltration. The generally low yields, low purity, and low degree of polymerization (DP) improved when the HetPS were isolated following either alkali extraction of hammermilled or disk-refined biomass, or from holocellulose preparations generated by the conventional chlorite method or by organosolv delignification. Several purification methods were examined including precipitation using methanol; treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or activated carbon (C) followed by precipitation with methanol; and H2O2-treatment followed by ultrafiltration. The isolation protocols were judged based on product yield, xylan content, and DP. The results indicate that, although steam explosion is effective in removing HetPS from the fiber source, virtually none remain in polymeric form. By contrast, alkali extraction succeeds in separating polymeric HetPS from the fiber source; and HetPS purity increases and polydispersity decreases with fiber prehydrolysis and delignification. Significant processing difficulties were attributed to the intimate association of HetPS with lignin which was effectively disrupted by acid-catalyzed pretreatment and treatment with H2O2. Ultrafiltration of H2O2-treated HetPS solutions represents the best procedure for isolating a xylan-rich polymer in high yield, with high DP and with high purity. Aqueous HetPS solutions can be spray- or freeze-dried into powderous products.
Wind Tunnel Testing of Load-Alleviating Membrane Wings at Low Reynolds Numbers

This work is concerned with wind tunnel testing of an elastic membrane wing intended for micro air vehicles. Erratic flow conditions are a particular problem for the smooth controllability of such vehicles, and so stiff batten structures are imbedded into the trailing edge of the membrane wing, intended to passively washout under aerodynamic loading. This passive deformation is not always effective however, particularly at higher angles of attack, and so this work is intended to provide some understanding of the complex role of wing structure and flight speed upon aerodynamic performance of membrane wings. Several disparate wing structures are fabricated, with varying batten thicknesses and spacing. Data, in terms of measured aerodynamic loads and structural deformation, is given for a wide range of relatively low Reynolds numbers. Drastic changes in lift slopes, stalling conditions, and deformation patterns are found for certain combinations of flight speed and wing structure.
Determinants and clinical impact of pressure drift in manoscan anorectal high resolution manometry system.

Background Pressure drift (PD), resulting from differences between room and body temperature, reduces the accuracy of pressure measurements with the Manoscan high resolution manometry (HRM) system. Our aims were to assess PD during anorectal HRM. Methods Defined as the residual pressure measured immediately after the catheter was removed, PD was calculated for each sensor and averaged across all 12 sensors in 454 anorectal consecutive studies recorded with 3 HRM catheters. The relationship between PD and study duration, number of prior uses of a catheter, and peak and average pressure exposure during a study were evaluated. The correction of PD with a software algorithm (thermal compensation) was evaluated in 76 studies where the most distal sensor was outside the body. Key Results The PD varied among sensors and across catheters. The average PD (7.3 ± 0.2 mmHg) was significantly greater for newer catheters, during longer studies, or when sensors were exposed to higher pressures. Together, these factors explained 81% of the variance in overall PD. After thermal compensation, the uncorrected median PD for the most distal sensor was 2.5–5 mmHg over the study duration. Correcting this changed the interpretation (e.g., as abnormal instead of normal) of at least 1 anorectal parameter in eight of 76 studies. Conclusions & Inferences During anorectal HRM, PD declines with catheter use and is greater for newer catheters, when sensors are exposed to higher pressures, and for studies of longer duration. While PD is partially corrected with thermal compensation algorithms, the impact on interpretation is modest.
Moment bounds for the solutions of the Smoluchowski equation with coagulation and fragmentation

We prove various bounds on moments where f m is a solution of the discrete (respectively, continuous) Smoluchowski coagulation–fragmentation equations with diffusion. In a previous paper we proved similar results for all weak solutions to the discrete Smoluchowski equation provided that there is no fragmentation and certain moments are bounded in suitable L q -spaces initially. We prove the corresponding results in the case of the continuous Smoluchowski equation. When there is also fragmentation, we need to assume that the solution f is regular in the sense that f can be approximated by solutions to the Smoluchowski equation for which the coagulation and fragmentation coefficients are 0 when the cluster sizes are large. We also need suitable assumptions on the coagulation rates to avoid gelation. On the fragmentation rate β we assume that sup n sup m ≤ l β( m, n )/n l , and that there exist constants a 0 ≥ 0 and c 0 such that β( n,m ) ≤ c 0 ( n + m )a 0 a0 .
Intention of college students to receive the human papillomavirus vaccine

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to better understand what influences the intentions of college students to receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the USA and cancers related to HPV are on the rise. Design/methodology/approach – A 2×2 experimental design was used to predict the intentions. Messages were created that manipulated the level of severity and vulnerability to determine which would increase intentions to receive the HPV vaccine. Each of the 278 participants viewed a message that contained one severity message (high or low) and one vulnerability message (high or low). Findings – Regression was used to determine that elements of the protection motivation theory such as vulnerability and fear, along with norms, and information seeking explained a significant portion of the variance in intent to be vaccinated (R2=0.40, F(4, 268)=44.47, p < 0.001). Norms had the most influence on intention (β=0.42, p < 0.001), next was vulnerabil...
Household Financial Management and Women’s Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence in the Philippines A Study Using Propensity Score Methods

This study explores the causal impact of independent management of household finances upon women's experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the Philippines. Propensity score matching is used to generate a casual estimate of the impact of women's roles as household financial managers on their experiences of IPV. Findings demonstrate that managing household finances independently significantly increased the severity of IPV women experienced from their partners compared with women who managed finances jointly with partners. Findings reinforce the importance of explicit attention to intrahousehold power dynamics and gender norms in the implementation of microfinance interventions intended to empower women.
When Theory Trumps Science: a Critique of the PSW Model for SLD Identification

There has been vigorous debate within the state of California and elsewhere as to what constitutes appropriate procedures for determining whether an individual qualifies for special education and related services under the category of specific learning disability (SLD). Within the professional literature, there is growing support for educational agencies to adopt an approach to SLD identification that emphasizes the importance of an individual’s pattern of cognitive and achievement strengths and weaknesses (PSW). In 2014, the California Association of School Psychologists released a position paper endorsing this approach. As a vehicle for examining the PSW model, we respond critically to three fundamental positions taken in the position paper: (a) diagnostic validity for the model has been established; (b) cognitive profile analysis is valid and reliable; and (c) PSW data have adequate treatment utility. We conclude that at the present time there is insufficient support within the empirical literature to support adoption of the PSW method for SLD identification. Implications for professional practice are discussed.
Late hemodynamic and angiographic findings after ascending aorta--pulmonary artery anastomosis.

Ascending aorta-pulmonary artery (Waterston) anastomosis was performed in 75 children, 51 of whom were younger than 1 month of age and 36 younger than 1 week of age at the time of operation. There were 21 operative and eight late deaths. Operative deaths occurred more frequently in infants with complex cardiac conditions and severe hypoxemia and acidosis preoperatively. The postoperative status of the pulmonary arteries or arterioles could not be correlated with the degree of cardiomegaly, the pulmonary vascular markings, or characteristics of the shunt murmur. Sixty-four percent of the patients catheterized had one or more postoperative structural abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries following the operation, most frequently kinking or narrowing of a pulmonary artery. Occlusion of a pulmonary artery occurred in five of 33 patients studied by angiography. Pulmonary vascular disease may also develop. Therefore, patients should be catheterized I year postoperatively to evaluate the level of pulmonary vascular resistance and the pulmonary arteries.
Monotone Convergence of Iterative Schemes and Their Applications in Fractional Calculus

We present monotone convergence results for general iterative methods in order to approximate a solution of a nonlinear equation defined on a partially ordered linear topological space. Some applications are also provided from fractional calculus using Caputo and Canavati type fractional derivatives. It follows (G. Anastassiou, I. Argyros, On the Monotone Convergence of General Iterative Methods with Applications in Fractional Calculus, 2015, submitted for publication, [5]).
It is time for a patient-centered approach to non–muscle invasive bladder cancer in elders with multiple chronic conditions

Abstract With an aging American population, patient complexity is increasing because of multiple chronic conditions. Multiple chronic conditions are associated with health care costs, utilization, and poor functional status. Superficial bladder cancer predominates in the elderly and can be considered a chronic condition in its own right because of frequent surveillance and treatment. A patient-centered approach for superficial bladder cancer is needed that takes into account competing risks from chronic conditions, functional status, and patient preferences in the elderly.
Duct heights inferred from radar sea clutter using proper orthogonal bases

Maritime electromagnetic (EM) based communication and detection systems are strongly influenced by meteorological conditions, as they can cause anomalous electromagnetic propagation within the surface layer. To predict the performance of such systems, detailed knowledge of the refractivity profile is required. In recent years, refractivity from clutter (RFC) methods have been developed to estimate this refractivity profile by measuring radar clutter return from the rough ocean surface. The current work proposes an RFC framework that utilizes a novel surrogate model for EM propagation. The surrogate model is based on an offline created library of sparsely sampled field data of clutter returns, compressed into proper orthogonal bases, and indexed on specific surface layer refractive parameters. By exploiting the Riemannian manifold structure of the space that proper orthogonal bases occur in, we are able to interpolate among them. This, then, enables us to use the surrogate model in an inverse problem setting, whose goal is to uncover in situ maritime EM propagation conditions efficiently. We demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed surrogate model-based RFC approach for evaporation duct by testing it with field data obtained from an experimental campaign.
Mechanobiology in Cardiovascular Disease Management: Potential Strategies and Current Needs

Mechanical forces are powerful regulators of biology and disease. In the vasculature, the expression of particular cellular phenotypes appears to depend not only on a combination of intrinsic genetically programed biology but also on local hemodynamic environmental factors induced by blood flow (Nerem and Girard, 1990). A major component in the spectrum of forces experienced by cardiovascular tissue is the friction force exerted by the blood flow on the endothelium. Through multiple dedicated receptors, endothelial cells are able to sense the magnitude and directionality of this force and of the resulting wall shear stress (WSS), and to transduce this mechanical signal into biochemical signals, altering in turn cellular function. Interestingly, while physiologic WSS maintains vascular homeostasis (Figure 1A), WSS abnormalities often correlate with disease states (Figure 1B). While hemodynamic pathways have been identified in some cardiovascular pathologies such as calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) (Butcher et al., 2008), aneurysms (Humphrey et al., 2015), atherosclerosis (Cunningham and Gotlieb, 2005), and intimal hyperplasia (IH) (Haruguchi and Teraoka, 2003), the clinical management of these disorders remains focused on addressing their symptoms via aggressive modalities rather than blocking the flow-induced pathological cascade. As a result, current treatments are often palliative and ignore the driving biological processes. In this context, the elucidation of the cause-and-effect relationships between cardiovascular biology and hemodynamics has the potential to advance the understanding of disease progression and to enable new diagnosis and treatments.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty in infants using 5-mm instruments

Summary Background Utilization of the robotic approach to pyeloplasty continues to grow in the field of pediatric urology. Adoption in the infant population has perhaps been the slowest because of the limited operative domain and relatively large instruments. Method In this video, we demonstrate key steps in performing an infant robotic pyeloplasty using the smallest instruments currently available for the da Vinci S and Si systems (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, California). Results At our institution, 20 robot-assisted laparoscopic infant pyeloplasties have been performed using 5-mm instruments. There have been no conversions to an open approach. The patient age ranged from 2 to 9 months old. The average operative time was 2 h and 28 min. Conclusion The treatment success rate was 95% at an average of 8.3 months of follow-up.
Conjoined and stacked restrictive relative clauses: Deep and not-so-deep constraints in light of Luganda data

This paper deals with the type of recursive rules which make possible multiple recursion of modifiers within the noun phrase. It is primarily concerned with the rule specifying embedding of sentences as relative clauses, and more incidentally with the rule specifying sentence conjunction. We think we can demonstrate that both types of recursive rules are needed in order to account for facts of both English and Luganda. We would like to regard these recursive rules as constraint on the deep/semantic structure. In addition, we would like to suggest that many other constraints that may operate in the grammar of restrictive relative clauses, and as a result of which several types of surface configurations may be blocked--either universally or in some specific language, are best construed as constraints on less-than-deep-structure. Thus, while one must seek to understand deep-structure constraints at least in part on semantic grounds, one should not seek similar grounds to explain shallow-structure of surface-structure constraints.