cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Chlorpromazine-Induced Extrapyramidal Syndrome in Male and Female Rats

One of the most intriguing observations on the effects of drugs used for the treatment of psychotic disorders is the relationship between the therapeutic effects of these drugs and their ability to produce parkinsonian-like extrapyramidal syndrome in man. It has been pointed out (Friedhoff 1969) that all effective antipsychotic drugs have the potential for producing a parkinsonian-like reaction in man. Effective drugs of divergent chemical structure which are used for the treatment of psychoses such as the phenothiazines, butyrophenones, and the rauwolfia alkaloids all have this potential. Within a given class, drugs which do not readily produce extrapyramidal disturbance are also ineffective antipsychotic agents. Among the phenothiazines, e.g., phenergan is one such drug with a low extrapyramidal disturbing potential. But again this compound is not an effective antipsychotic agent. Although not all patients receiving antipsychotic drugs develop clinical manifestations of Parkinsonism, it has been shown (Alpert 1967) through the use of a sensitive device for measuring resting finger tremor, that patients receiving effective doses of these drugs all have subclinical manifestations of extrapyramidal disturbance.
From many body wee parton dynamics to perfect fluid: a standard model for heavy ion collisions

We discuss a standard model of heavy ion collisions that has emerged both from the experimental results of the RHIC program and associated theoretical developments. We comment briefly on the impact of early results of the LHC program on this picture. We consider how this standard model of heavy ion collisions could be solidified or falsified in future experiments at RHIC, the LHC and a future Electron-Ion Collider.
Myeloma sleeper agent in myeloid disguise.

In this issue of Blood , Khoo et al of the Croucher/Phan group take advantage of a widely used mouse model of human multiple myeloma to define a molecular signature of tumor dormancy 1 that is induced by interaction of myeloma cells with osteoblasts in the endosteal bone marrow niche 2 ; is characterized by upregulation of myeloid genes, including Axl, in quiescent myeloma cells that retain the ability to spawn tumors upon reactivation of proliferation; and is amenable to pharmacological targeting using small-molecule AXL inhibitors. 3
The contributions of the HRas C-terminus and its lipid modifications to HRas signal transduction events and membrane binding

Ha-Ras undergoes post-translational modifications (including attachment of famesyl and palmitate) that culminate in localization of the protein to the plasma membrane. Because palmitate is not attached without prior farnesyl addition, the distinct contributions of the two lipid modifications to membrane attachment or biological activity have been difficult to examine. To test if palmitate is able to support these crucial functions on its own, novel C-terminal mutants of Ha-Ras were constructed, retaining the natural sites for palmitoylation but replacing the C-terminal residue of the CAAX signal for prenylation with six lysines. Both the Ext61L and ExtWT proteins were modified in a dynamic fashion by palmitate, without being farnesylated; bound to membranes modestly (40% as well as native Ha-Ras); and retained appropriate GTP binding properties. Ext61L caused potent transformation of NIH3T3 cells and, unexpectedly, an exaggerated differentiation of PC12 cells. Ext61L with the six lysines but lacking palmitates was inactive. Thus famesyl is not needed as a ^Reprinted with premission of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1999, 274(3), 1423-1431.
Forms of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation: A Prospective Examination of African American and Latinx Youth.

Although suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents, research revealing potent predictors of suicidal thoughts above and beyond the effects of depressive symptoms is limited, es...
Smart H 2 S-Triggered/Therapeutic System (SHTS)-Based Nanomedicine

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is of vital importance in several biological and physical processes. The significance of H2S-specific detection and monitoring is emphasized by its elevated levels in various diseases such as cancer. Nanotechnology enhances the performance of chemical sensing nanoprobes due to the enhanced efficiency and sensitivity. Recently, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to developing novel smart H2S-triggered/therapeutic system (SHTS) nanoplatforms for H2S-activated sensing, imaging, and therapy. Herein, the latest SHTS-based nanomaterials are summarized and discussed in detail. In addition, therapeutic strategies mediated by endogenous H2S as a trigger or exogenous H2S delivery are also included. A comprehensive understanding of the current status of SHTS-based strategies will greatly facilitate innovation in this field. Lastly, the challenges and key issues related to the design and development of SHTS-based nanomaterials (e.g., morphology, surface modification, therapeutic strategies, appropriate application, and selection of nanomaterials) are outlined.
Abstract P276: Discordance Between Changes in NT-proBNP and Cardiac Function Following Bariatric Surgery

Background: The N-Terminal of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a potent biomarker for heart failure (HF), reflecting left ventricular dilation and stress. The association among obesity...
Trends in bariatric surgery in Texas: an analysis of a statewide administrative database 2013–2017

The Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) tracks 30-day outcomes of bariatric patients, but only at accredited centers. Presently, these cases are not broken down by state. Administrative databases can be used to answer some of the questions that are not asked by clinical databases and also to validate those databases. We proposed using the inpatient and outpatient administrative databases in Texas to examine both the numbers and trends of bariatric surgery in Texas over a 5-year period. The Texas Inpatient Public Use Data File (IPUDF) and the Texas Outpatient Public Data File (OPUDF) were examined for the years 2013–2017. We searched for patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and duodenal switch. Robotic assisted cases were also examined. There were 105,199 bariatric cases performed in Texas from 2013 to 2017. There were 173 centers performing bariatric surgery. The most common operation performed was the sleeve gastrectomy at 73,663 case (70% of total). Gastric bypasses were second at 22,890 cases. During this time period, LAGB almost disappeared; dropping from 2090 cases in 2013 to 115 cases in 2017, with removal of 2097 LAGB in the study period in the OPUDF. During this time period, there was a lower growth rate of the number of SG in the IPUDF with a large increase in SG performed with outpatient status, while LRYGB remained relatively stable. Rates of bariatric surgery in Texas are increasing slowly. The dominant procedure is the SG with a trend towards being done under outpatient status. LAGB has been essentially phased out. There is an increase in SG being performed under ‘outpatient’ status.
Altered striatum centered brain structures in SHANK3 deficient Chinese children with genotype and phenotype profiling

SHANK3 deficiency represents one of the most replicated monogenic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and SHANK3 caused ASD presents a unique opportunity to understand the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of ASD. In this study, genetic tests, comprehensive clinical and neurobehavioral evaluations, as well as multimodal structural MRI using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were conducted in SHANK3 group (N = 14 with SHANK3 defects), ASD controls (N = 26 with idiopathic ASD without SHANK3 defects) and typically developing (TD) controls (N = 32). Phenotypically, we reported several new features in Chinese SHANK3 deficient children including anteverted nares, sensory stimulation seeking, dental abnormalities and hematological problems. In SHANK3 group, VBM revealed decreased grey matter volumes mainly in dorsal striatum, amygdala, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus; TBSS demonstrated decreased fractional anisotropy in multiple tracts involving projection, association and commissural fibers, including middle cerebral peduncle, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, corona radiata, external and internal capsule, and posterior thalamic radiation, etc. We report that the disrupted striatum centered brain structures are associated with SHANK3 deficient children. Study of subjects with monogenic cause offer specific insights into the neuroimaging studies of ASD. The discovery may support a path for future functional connectivity studies to allow for more in-depth understandings of the abnormal neural circuits and the underlying neuropathological mechanisms for ASD.
Teaching diversity in public participation through participatory research: A case study of the PhotoVoice methodology

This article provides an introduction of the PhotoVoice methodology – a community-based participatory research methodology that uses photographs to critically engage hard-to-reach populations withi...
Understanding the Technological Practices and Needs of Music Therapists

Music therapists provide critical, evidence-based care to a diverse range of clients. However, despite their active role in empowering individuals affected by disability, stigma, grief, and trauma, music therapists remain understudied by the HCI community. We present the results of a mixed methods study of 10 interviewees and 20 survey respondents in the U.S., all of whom are practicing music therapists. Our results show that music therapists engage in technology-aided practices such as making personalized connections with clients, assisting in identity formation, encouraging musicking (music-making), and preserving legacies. Results also show that music therapists face key challenges such as environmental, societal, and financial constraints, including high workload, lack of awareness of the value of music therapy among the general community, and limited access to secure technologies for remote client care. In light of these challenges, we present a set of design implications for creating future technologies for music therapists. This work diverges from previous studies on music therapy technologies, which focus largely on interventions with music therapy clients, by highlighting the often-neglected perspectives from music therapists.
Zettawatt Equivalent Ultrashort pulse laser System: An NSF mid-scale facility for laser-driven science in the QED regime

Zettawatt Equivalent Ultrashort pulse laser System (ZEUS): The National Science Foundation’s mid-scale 3PW laser facility for exploration of relativistic plasmas, nonlinear quantum electrodynamics, and other extreme high-field phenomena is described.
Temperature Regulation and Fever

Body temperature is normally maintained over a narrow range by both behavioral and physiological means. Nonfebrile hyperthermia may occur, however, when heat-dissipating mechanisms are inadequate or fail (e.g., during heat stroke or malignant hyperthermia). Fever, on the other hand, represents a hyperthermic state in which body temperature is precisely controlled and homeostatic mechanisms not abandoned. During fever there is thought to be an upward resetting of the hypothalamic temperature set-point. This event leads to the activation of behavioral (e.g., putting on more clothing) and physiological (e.g., shivering) mechanisms which cause body temperature to rise to the new level (Cooper et al., 1964; MacPherson, 1959; Fox and MacPherson, 1954).
Childhood: Anthropological Aspects

Anthropologists believe that the most important influence in human development is the ecological and cultural setting within which a child will grow up. The anthropological study of childhood documents and accounts for the variety of childhoods found around the world, using comparative ethnographic evidence to test hypotheses about human development. It also studies the mechanisms in child, family, and community life for the acquisition, internal transformations, sharing, and intergenerational transmission of culture. Most importantly, it does this with close attention to the everyday contexts and routines of life, experience, meanings, intentions, and beliefs and goals of the communities, parents, families, and children themselves.
Carprofen: A New Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Pharmacology, Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Effects

Because a patient with arthritis (especially rheumatoid arthritis) may respond to one NSAID but not another, any addition to the ranks of these agents may be of clinical benefit to at least some of the millions of patients afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and related conditions. In terms of potency both as an antiinflammatory and as an analgesic, carprofen appears to be in the middle of the NSAID range--roughly one-fourth as potent as indomethacin, and five times as potent as ibuprofen, milligram for milligram. The two most obvious potential advantages of carprofen are that it seems to have a low profile of major gastrointestinal adverse reactions (it may cause minor complaints similar to those seen with indomethacin, but thus far has caused no documented gastric or duodenal ulcers at 300 mg/d); and that, like naproxen, it offers the convenience of twice-a-day dosing. In clinical experience thus far, the two most bothersome adverse effects seen with carprofen have been a rare but serious photosensitivity reaction and minor, temporary elevations of liver function tests in approximately 14-20% of patients treated (although as yet there have been no reported cases of jaundice or hepatitis). For some patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis or related conditions, particularly for those who cannot tolerate aspirin or indomethacin or who want or need the convenience of twice-a-day dosing, carprofen may represent a useful therapeutic option to the NSAIDs previously available in this country.
Collaborative knowledge management practices: Theoretical development and empirical analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test a framework analyzing the relationship of collaborative knowledge management practices (CKMP) with supply chain integration and supply chain knowledge quality.Design/methodology/approach – The design of the study is based on a survey of 411 firms from eight manufacturing industries that are actively involved in inter‐firm knowledge management practices with supply chain partners. First a measurement instrument for CKMP was statistically validated with confirmatory factor analysis. Then the structural equation modeling (SEM) path analysis was used to assess the structural relationship of CKMP with supply chain knowledge quality and supply chain integration.Findings – The study found that engagement in CKMP can lead to better integration between supply chain partners and increased organizational knowledge quality.Research limitations/implications – The study was conducted at the firm level for activities involving inter‐firm knowledge sh...
Effect of dietary monensin or chlortetracycline on methane production from cattle waste.

Wastes from feedlot cattle fed finishing diets containing either monensin, chlortetracycline, or no antibiotic were investigated as substrates for methane production. We used continuously mixed anaerobic fermentors with 3-liter working volumes at 35 and 55°C; these fermentors were fed once per day. Within a few days after waste from animals fed monensin was added, the volume of methane produced began to decrease in the 55°C fermentors. After 9 days of daily feeding, methane production was severely inhibited, the pH dropped from 7.6 to 5.9, and the concentration of volatile acids increased from 543 to 6,300 mg/liter (as acetate). Although additions of waste from cattle fed monensin were discontinued after 9 days, the fermentors did not resume gas production within 8 weeks. The addition of waste from cattle which had been fed chlortetracycline reduced the methane production rate approximately 20%; however, pH and volatile acid values were comparable to control fermentor values after 40 days. Similar effects were observed with the 35°C fermentors. In a batch fermentation experiment in which 50-g portions of volatile solids from waste of animals fed monensin, chlortetracycline, or no antibiotics were added to fermentors, monensin delayed the onset of methane production for about 40 days, but then these fermentors began to produce methane at a rate comparable to the control rate. The ultimate methane yields from the three types of waste after 180 days were not significantly different. These studies indicate that monensin has a detrimental effect on the conversion of feedlot wastes to methane, unless microorganisms can be adapted to the levels that are present in these wastes.
Inwardly Rectifying Potassium (IRK) Currents Are Correlated with IRK Subunit Expression in Rat Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neurons

Inwardly rectifying K+ (IRK) channels are critical for shaping cell excitability. Whole-cell patch-clamp and single-cell RT-PCR techniques were used to characterize the inwardly rectifying K+ currents found in projection neurons of the rat nucleus accumbens. Inwardly rectifying currents were highly selective for K+ and blocked by low millimolar concentrations of Cs+ or Ba2+. In a subset of neurons, the inwardly rectifying current appeared to inactivate at hyperpolarized membrane potentials. In an attempt to identify this subset, neurons were profiled using single-cell RT-PCR. Neurons expressing substance P mRNA exhibited noninactivating inward rectifier currents, whereas neurons expressing enkephalin mRNA exhibited inactivating inward rectifier currents. The inactivation of the inward rectifier was correlated with the expression of IRK1 mRNA. These results demonstrate a clear physiological difference in the properties of medium spiny neurons and suggest that this difference could influence active state transitions driven by cortical and hippocampal excitatory input.
Has BCG attenuated to impotence

The magnitude of the global tuberculosis problem and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms has resulted in a renewed need for tuberculosis vaccine development. An ideal vaccine would consistentlyconfer protection without confoundingthe interpretation of the tuberculin skin test. The current vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), provides inconsistent efficacy (0-80% in randomized control trials) yet usually induces tuberculin reactivity. This variability in observed efficacy has been attributed to differences in trial methodology, host genetics and immunity to a variety of environmental mycobacteria1. We hypothesize that the attributes of the current BCG have resulted from subtlepressures to minimize adverse reactions and maintain tuberculin reactivity during vaccine development and testing.
A backpropagation algorithm for multilayer hybrid order statistic filters

A hybrid linear order statistic (HLOS) filter is a network of interconnected linear combiners and rank-forming blocks. This structure generalizes most of the previously proposed order statistic filters, including the median filter. The author derives a simple algorithm to compute the coefficients of the filter adaptively and reports a successful simulation of the restoration of a square wave corrupted by non-Gaussian noise. It is noted that HLOS filters show great potential in applications such as image processing and filtering of signals of nonstrictly stationary nature. >
The modeling of electrostatic forces in small electrostatic actuators

The basic elements of electrostatic devices (conductors, dielectrics, insulators, electrets, and ferroelectrics) are reviewed and it is shown that the modeling of electrostatic forces is a very different, and in many ways a more difficult, undertaking than the modeling of magnetic interactions; the difference between the real-world behavior of electrostatic configurations and textbook models is much greater than for magnetic configurations. Models must take into account the realities of materials, in particular the fact that resistivity is never infinite, and that any structural part of an actuator will affect fields through its dielectric properties. It is seen that in this sense (the behavior of materials), as well as in the most basic conceptual viewpoint (fields determined by potentials rather than by direct sources), electrostatics and magnetostatics are nearly opposite studies. >
Beyond intervalley transfer: damped Bloch oscillation and negative differential drift velocity at very high fields in wide bandgap III-nitride materials

We present evidence for a new mode of charge transport at very high fields in gallium nitride (GaN) and related wide bandgap materials, based on the phenomenon of damped Bloch oscillation. Entirely new solutions of the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) are developed to describe the microscopic physics of damped Bloch oscillation, which is shown to lead to negative differential drift velocity in bulk material. Bloch transport in bulk GaN is confirmed by full band Monte Carlo simulation. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantitative analysis and characterization of the products of the model reaction of n-butyllithium with excess 1,1-diphenylethylene: 1,1-Diphenylhexane and 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyloctane

Abstract The model reaction of n-butyllithium with excess (11 M equivalents) 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) was reinvestigated using modern characterization techniques including SEC, one dimensional and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). The products were the monoadduct, 1,1-diphenylhexane (nBuDPEH), and the diadduct, 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyloctane [nBu(DPE)2H], formed in 62 mol% and 38 mol% yields, respectively, as determined by SEC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The 1H NMR spectrum of 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyloctane exhibited a terminal methine triplet resonance at δ 3.71 ppm that was uniquely coupled to the adjacent methylene doublet resonance at δ 3.09 ppm, located between the two carbons, each bonded to two phenyl groups [–C(C6H5)2-CH2-CH(C6H5)2. All of the characteristic 1H and 13C NMR resonances for both adducts were assigned using 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. The diadduct, nBu(DPE)2H, exhibited unique 13C NMR resonances at δ 50.79 ppm for the quaternary carbon resonance [CH2-C(C6H5)2−CH2], and at δ 43.74 ppm for the methylene group isolated between the two carbons, each bonded to two phenyl groups [–C(C6H5)2-CH2-CH(C6H5)2].
Oscillations and efficiency in glycolysis

We suggest that temporal oscillations of concentrations of intermediates in biochemical reaction systems may enhance the efficiency of free energy conversion (reduce dissipation) in those reactions. Experiments on glycolysis are used to estimate the Gibbs free energy changes along the glycolysis mechanism, and to postulate a construct for the glycolysis "machine" which involves: the PFK reaction as the primary oscillophor; the GAPDH reaction as a phase-shifting device; and the PK reaction with the property of intrinsic oscillatory response at resonance with the driving frequency. Analysis of a simple reaction mechanism with these postulated properties shows that the conversion of free energy from reactants to products is more efficient in an oscillatory than a steady state operation. The efficiency of free energy conversion in glycolysis from glucose + ADP to products + ATP is estimated to be increased by 5--10% due to oscillations. This may have been relevant for the evolutionary development of oscillations such as in glycolysis, especially in anaerobic cells.
Dr. Roy Bakay and the Modern Era of Neurosurgical Mentorship

the first groups to introduce deep brain stimulation for movement disorders to the United States, after a period of close interaction with the European pioneers of this technique [6, 7] . The fellowship launched my career but was simultaneously one of the most relaxed and fun times of my life, and I am grateful to Roy for this. Roy Bakay, a mentor to many of us in functional neurosurgery, died on September 6, 2013 after several years of battling stomach cancer. Details of Roy’s biography, along with personal anecdotes from his colleague and friend Jeff Kordower, were recently published in Movement Disorders [1] . I will not restate what has been eloquently written by others. Rather, as one of Roy’s trainees, I will focus on his role as a mentor and how this mentorship has and will affect subsequent generations of neurosurgeons. I was fortunate to be one of Roy’s first fellows in functional neurosurgery from 1996 to 1998 when he was at Emory University. The fellowship was mentored jointly by Roy and three neurologists/neuroscientists: Mahlon DeLong, Jerrold Vitek, and Thomas Wichmann. It was one of the original truly interdisciplinary fellowships, presaging an era when advanced neurosurgical trainees in our subspecialty need mentors in neurology, neuroscience, psychiatry and engineering/neuroprosthetics as well as neurosurgery. At that time Emory was the ‘Camelot’ of movement disorders surgery: they had just established the first robust theoretical foundation for basal ganglia surgery in Parkinson’s disease [2] , launched the first large NIH-funded prospective study of pallidotomy [3] , set a new standard of precision for the use of single-cell recording in neurosurgery [4] , and helped to define the physiology and rational basis for basal ganglia surgery in primary dystonia [5] . In 1997, Emory was one of Published online: July 8, 2014
Design of antenna-coupled lumped-element titanium nitride KIDs for long-wavelength multi-band continuum imaging

Many applications in cosmology and astrophysics at millimeter wavelengths — CMB polarization, studies of galaxy clusters using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, studies of star formation at high redshift and in our local universe and our galaxy— require large-format arrays of millimeter-wave detectors. Feedhorn, lens-coupled twinslot antenna, and phased-array antenna architectures for receiving mm-wave light present numerous advantages for control of systematics and for simultaneous coverage of both polarizations and/or multiple spectral bands. Simultaneously, kinetic inductance detectors using high-resistivity materials like titanium nitride are an attractive sensor option for large-format arrays because they are highly multiplexable and because their high responsivity can render two-level-system noise subdominant to photon and recombination noise. However, coupling the two is a challenge because of the impedance mismatch between the microstrip exiting these architectures and the high resistivity of titanium nitride. Mitigating direct absorption in the KID is also a challenge. We present a detailed titanium nitride KID design that addresses these challenges. The KID inductor is capacitively coupled to the microstrip in such a way as to form a lossy termination without creating an impedance mismatch. A parallelplate capacitor design mitigates direct absorption, uses hydrogenated amorphous silicon, and yields acceptable two-level-system noise. We show that an optimized design can yield expected sensitivities very close to the fundamental limit from photon and recombination noises for two relevant examples: single spectral band designs appropriate for 90 and 150 GHz for CMB polarization and a multi-spectral-band design that covers 90 GHz to 405 GHz in six bands for SZ effect studies.
Factors shaping the confocal image of the calcium spark in cardiac muscle cells

The interpretation of confocal line-scan images of local [Ca2+]i transients (such as Ca2+ sparks in cardiac muscle) is complicated by uncertainties in the position of the origin of the Ca2+ spark (relative to the scan line) and by the dynamics of Ca(2+)-dye interactions. An investigation of the effects of these complications modeled the release, diffusion, binding, and uptake of Ca2+ in cardiac cells (producing a theoretical Ca2+ spark) and image formation in a confocal microscope (after measurement of its point-spread function) and simulated line-scan images of a theoretical Ca2+ spark (when it was viewed from all possible positions relative to the scan line). In line-scan images, Ca2+ sparks that arose in a different optical section or with the site of origin displaced laterally from the scan line appeared attenuated, whereas their rise times slowed down only slightly. These results indicate that even if all Ca2+ sparks are perfectly identical events, except for their site of origin, there will be an apparent variation in the amplitude and other characteristics of Ca2+ sparks as measured from confocal line-scan images. The frequency distributions of the kinetic parameters (i.e., peak amplitude, rise time, fall time) of Ca2+ sparks were calculated for repetitive registration of stereotyped Ca2+ sparks in two experimental situations: 1) random position of the scan line relative to possible SR Ca(2+)-release sites and 2) fixed position of the scan line going through a set of possible SR Ca(2+)-release sites. The effects of noise were incorporated into the model, and a visibility function was proposed to account for the subjective factors that may be involved in the evaluation of Ca(2+)-spark image parameters from noisy experimental recordings. The mean value of the resulting amplitude distributions underestimates the brightness of in-focus Ca2+ sparks because large numbers of out-of-focus Ca2+ sparks are detected (as small Ca2+ sparks). The distribution of peak amplitudes may split into more than one subpopulation even when one is viewing stereotyped Ca2+ sparks because of the discrete locations of possible SR Ca(2+)-release sites in mammalian ventricular heart cells.
A hospital staff support program: Design and evaluation

The literature indicates that nurses on special care units experience stress resulting from the role conflict and ambiguity to which they are exposed. Role theory predicts that such individuals will become dissatisfied with their work and will decrease their confidence in supervisors and co-workers. Consequently, it was hypothesized that a staff support program designed to assist nurses to cope with role conflict and ambiguity would result in reduced stress; increased satisfaction with work, supervision, and co-workers; and decreased staff turnover. A nine week staff support program was implemented on a hospice unit in a large, private, general hospital. The program utilized an insight-oriented approach focused on specific sources of stress combined with structured exercises designed to facilitate nurses' ability to cope with stress resulting from a role conflict and ambiguity. Data were collected from two groups to hospice nurses using a Nursing Stress Scale developed for this study, the Job Description Index, and personnel records. A quasi-experimental research design was used to assess the validity and generalizability of the results of the program. Data were analyzed in four stages: (i) pre-program levels of stress and job satisfaction were analyzed using a multivariate profile analysis; (ii) correlated t-tests were used to test for significant differences between pre- and post-program levels of stress; (iii) a repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the effect of the program on job satisfaction; (iv) turnover among the nursing staff on four other hospital units was compared to the hospice unit. Results of the evaluation indicated that the support program was effective in reducing nursing stress, increasing job satisfaction, and decreasing staff turnover. The implications of the study for the design and evaluation of hospital staff support programs are discussed.
On the experimental measurement of the photon's fundamental static magnetic field operator B̂Π: the optical Zeeman effect in atoms

Abstract An experimental method is proposed for the measurement of the photon's fundamental magnetic field operator B Π . It is shown that the quantum field and semi-classical descriptions of the optical Zeeman effect produce a different pattern of splitting in a 1 S→ 1 P transition in an atom. The quantum field operator B Π of the photon produces a pattern of three lines, each displaced from the original 1 S→ 1 P line, while its classical equivalent B Π produces a pattern akin to conventional Zeeman splitting with a static magnetic field.
Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in a patient with ichthyosis

A 30-year-old man with autosomal recessive ichthyosis had severe keratitis. Examination revealed decreased visual acuity, erythema, and drying of the eyelids with blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and keratinization of his corneas. There was no ectropion. The association of ichthyosis with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis and keratinization of the cornea has only rarely been described.
Accelerated Block Preconditioned Gradient method for large scale wave functions calculations in Density Functional Theory

An Accelerated Block Preconditioned Gradient (ABPG) method is proposed to solve electronic structure problems in Density Functional Theory. This iterative algorithm is designed to solve directly the non-linear Kohn-Sham equations for accurate discretization schemes involving a large number of degrees of freedom. It makes use of an acceleration scheme similar to what is known as RMM-DIIS in the electronic structure community. The method is illustrated with examples of convergence for large scale applications using a finite difference discretization and multigrid preconditioning.
What is Classical Mereology

Classical mereology is a formal theory of the part-whole relation, essentially involving a notion of mereological fusion, or sum. There are various different definitions of fusion in the literature, and various axiomatizations for classical mereology. Though the equivalence of the definitions of fusion is provable from axiom sets, the definitions are not logically equivalent, and, hence, are not inter-changeable when laying down the axioms. We examine the relations between the main definitions of fusion and correct some technical errors in prominent discussions of the axiomatization of mereology. We show the equivalence of four different ways to axiomatize classical mereology, using three different notions of fusion. We also clarify the connection between classical mereology and complete Boolean algebra by giving two “neutral” axiom sets which can be supplemented by one or the other of two simple axioms to yield the full theories; one of these uses a notion of “strong complement” that helps explicate the connections between the theories.
Methyl magic and HAT tricks.

The structures of four lysine methyltransferases give us the first glimpse of the molecular architecture responsible for histone/protein lysine methylation, whereas a recent study of the Esa1 histone acetyltransferase suggests that lysine acetyltransferases still have surprises in store.
Epilepsy in Older Adults: Causes, Consequences and Treatment

OBJECTIVES: Seizures and epilepsy are common problems in older adults. Although, the highest incidence of seizures and epilepsy occurs in individuals more than 65 years of age, the magnitude of this public health problem, and its consequences on the quality of life of older adults, are not appreciated. Moreover, there is no consensus on the most appropriate way to diagnose or manage epilepsy in this population. This report reviews the current literature on all aspects of epilepsy in older people. DESIGN/METHODS: The medical literature was reviewed for all articles pertaining to pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy in older people. RESULTS: Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, use of diagnostic tests including EEG and imaging, new medical and surgical treatments, and psychosocial issues as they relate to older epilepsy patient are discussed. Several questions that merit future systematic investigation are presented. CONCLUSION: Seizures and epilepsy in older people are much more common than is generally known. There are unique issues related to this population with regard to diagnosis and treatment. Several new medical and surgical therapies are now available for all epilepsy patients, some of which may be helpful for the older epilepsy patient.
Measurements of High Gain and Intensity Fluctuations in a Self-Amplified, Spontaneous-Emission Free-Electron Laser

We report measurements of large gain for a single pass free-electron laser operating in self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) at 16 \ensuremath{\mu}m starting from noise. We also report the first observation and analysis of intensity fluctuations of the SASE radiation intensity in the high gain regime. The results are compared with theoretical predictions and simulations.
A DISORDER RESULTING FROM AN ENZYMATIC DEFECT OF THE RESPIRATORY CHAIN

Study of two siblings with extreme stunting of growth and severe mental retardation revealed elevated levels of lactate and normal levels of pyruvate, a finding indicative of an increased cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio. They exhibited striking hypergluconeogenesis from lactate which indicated hepatic involvement. To determine the cause of the increase of cytosolic NADH, liver tissue was obtained. The mitochondria failed to utilize B-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate or malate, as judged by oxygen consumption in the presence of ADP. However succinate oxidation proceeded efficiently and exhibited normal respiratory control. This differential pattern of response established that the increase in cytosolic NADH had resulted from failure of oxidation of intramitochondrial NADH. We believe this to be the first demonstration in man of an intramitochondrial enzymatic defect involving the respiratory chain.
SIGNALS FROM THE NOISE: IMAGE STACKING FOR QUASARS IN THE FIRST SURVEY

We present a technique to explore the radio sky into the nanojansky regime by employing image stacking using the FIRST survey. We first discuss the nonintuitive relationship between the mean and median values of a non-Gaussian distribution that is dominated by noise, followed by an analysis of the systematic effects present in FIRST's 20 cm VLA snapshot images. Image stacking allows us to recover the properties of source populations with flux densities a factor of 30 or more below the rms noise level. Mean estimates of radio flux density, luminosity, etc. are derivable for any source class having arcsecond positional accuracy. We use this technique to compute the mean radio properties for 41,295 quasars from the SDSS DR3 catalog. There is a tight correlation between optical and radio luminosity, with the radio luminosity increasing as the 0.85 power of optical luminosity. This implies declining radio loudness with optical luminosity: the most luminous objects (M_(UV) = -28.5) have average radio-to-optical ratios 3 times lower than the least luminous objects (M_(UV) = -20). There is also a striking correlation between optical color and radio loudness: quasars that are either redder or bluer than the norm are brighter radio sources, with objects 0.8 mag redder than the SDSS composite spectrum having radio loudness ratios that are higher by a factor of 10. We explore the long-standing question of whether a radio-loud/radio-quiet dichotomy exists in quasars, finding that optical selection effects probably dominate the distribution function of radio loudness, which has at most a modest (~20%) inflection between the radio-loud and radio-quiet ends of the distribution. We also find, surprisingly, that broad absorption line quasars have higher mean radio flux densities, with the greatest disparity arising in the rare low-ionization BAL subclass.
Clinical utility of gray scale renal ultrasound in acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury occurs commonly in hospitalized patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although renal ultrasound is often performed, its clinical utility in determining of the cause of acute kidney injury, particularly the detection of urinary tract obstruction, is not established. Retrospective cohort study of all adult inpatients that underwent renal ultrasound for acute kidney injury over a 3-year period at a large university teaching hospital. The frequency of renal ultrasound abnormalities and clinical characteristics that predicted the finding of urinary tract obstruction was determined. Over the 3-year period, 1471 renal ultrasounds were performed of which 55% (810) were for evaluation of acute kidney injury. Renal ultrasound was normal in 62% (500 of 810) of patients. Hydronephrosis was detected in only 5% (42 of 810) of studies and in only 2.3% (19 of 810) of the cases was obstructive uropathy considered the cause of acute kidney injury. The majority of these patients (14 of 19) had a medical history suggestive of urinary tract obstruction. Less than 1% of patients (5 of 810) had urinary tract obstruction on ultrasound without a suggestive medical history. Most other ultrasound findings were incidental and did not establish an etiology for the acute kidney injury. Renal ultrasound for evaluation of acute kidney injury is indicated if there is medical history suggestive of urinary tract obstruction. Otherwise, renal ultrasound is unlikely to yield useful results and should be used more selectively based on patients’ medical history.
Uptake of radium-226 from drinking water into human deciduous teeth.

Abstract Deciduous human teeth have been analysed in a study of environmental radium exposure. Uptake of radium into tooth mineral is generally proportional to the exposure to radium-bearing water at the time of tooth formation. The concentration within the tooth is relatively greater in the enamel fraction. The metabolic stability of deciduous tooth mineral is confirmed by these studies.
Stress problem of contiguous coaxial circular cylinders subjected to non-homogeneous temperature distribution and to pressure

Abstract This report deals with the axially-symmetric state of stress and deformation of multilayer coaxial circular cylindrical tubes subjected to non-homogeneous temperature distribution and to internal and external pressures. The effect of axial load is also included. Such tubes are used in the superheaters and evaporators of liquid-sodium cooled reactors. The basic equations are derived by variational techniques. The theory is restricted by the basic assumptions of classical thermoelasticity. The general results are shown to reduce to results obtained by Timoshenko for the single tube.
The satellite cells of normal anuran skeletal muscle.

Abstract Population counts and size measurements of satellite cell nuclei and myonuclei were carried out on the normal gastrocnemius muscles of adult Rana pipiens and Rana clamitans . Satellite cell profiles occurred with an observed frequency of about 1.3% in the muscles of the R. pipiens , and with an observed frequency of about 1.6% in the muscles of the R. clamitans . These frequencies were not found to be significantly different. The observed frequencies were corrected for the sampling bias introduced by the difference in the mean size of the satellite cell nuclei and myonuclei. This correction suggests that R. pipiens and R. clamitans both have a true satellite cell frequency of approx 2.7%. Analysis of these data indicates that the satellite cells of the normal anuran gastrocnemius occur in sufficient numbers to account for the regeneration seen after injury to this muscle.
Phase II Study of Gefitinib, an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), and Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitor, in Patients with Platinum Refractory Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Background: Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated a response rate of 9%–18% in relapsed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The probability of response to gefitinib was not influenced by response to previous chemotherapy. Preclinical studies have suggested that celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, has antitumor activity in NSCLC and can enhance the activity of EGFR inhibitors. We conducted a phase II study evaluating the combination of gefitinib and celecoxib in platinum-refractory NSCLC patients, defined as patients whose disease had progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy or within 3 months of completing such therapy. Methods: Platinum-refractory NSCLC patients with performance status of 0–2 and adequate organ function were included. Patients should not have been on a NSAID for 30 continuous days before study enrollment. Patients were treated with gefitinib 250 mg daily and celecoxib 400 mg twice daily. Disease assessment was performed every 8 weeks. Results: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled. The response rate was 7% (2/27). The median time to progression was 2.2 months, and the median survival was 4.6 months. One female, nonsmoking patient is progression free more than 3 years after study enrollment. The drug combination was well tolerated, with the most common adverse effects being skin rash and diarrhea. Conclusion: In unselected platinum-refractory NSCLC patients, the response rate to the combination of celecoxib and gefitinib was similar to that observed with gefitinib alone.
Factors affecting gas analysis of inclusion fluid by quadrupole mass spectrometry

Quadrupole mass spectrometric (QMS) analysis of small amounts of inclusion fluid ( < 1 milligram) released by crushing and decrepitation requires methods to: (1) determine the amount of molecular fragmentation and the relative sensitivity to water and other gases, (2) evaluate differential adsorption of gases in the analytical system, (3) calibrate detector response to amount of released fluid, and (4) detect gas from noninclusion fluid sources. Fragmentation of gases during ionization in the source is pressure dependent. Because the amount of fluid released from individual inclusions and crushed samples varies over a wide range, corrections are made for this pressure dependence during data reduction. This procedure is especially critical for water, the dominant component in most fluid inclusions. Adsorption of H2O is not quantitatively significant from decrepitated individual inclusions (over a range of 1 × 10−6 to 1 milligram) or crushed samples that contain > 1 × 10−4 milligram of H2O. However, adsorption of H2O onto newly created surfaces by crushing samples containing < 1 × 10−4 milligram of H2O will result in lower mol% water reported in the gas analysis than present in inclusion fluid prior to release. Gases from noninclusion fluid sources are incorporated into inclusion fluid during both release methods. N2, O2, and Ar from air in the inlet system are entrained into released inclusion fluid. Gases including SO2 and HCl can be generated when inclusion fluid is released into vacuum. Thermal decomposition of minerals and organic compounds can produce CO2, CH4, CO, N2, H2, and other gases that mix with those released from inclusion fluid. The relative contributions of gas from inclusion fluid vs. these other sources can be differentiated using real-time (direct) QMS analysis.