cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Capitalism Inevitable? Is Revolution Possible? Deleuze and Guattari between Capitalism and Calculus

In Anti-Oedipus, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari maintain that nature is a process in which there is neither nature nor human being, except as a single reality produced in the processes of production, distribution and consumption, where distributions are immediately consumed and the consumptions immediately reproduced. In its historical realization, this is the process of capitalism, which must be an effect of such processes, processes of nature and human nature. This gives rise to this question: given the rules governing nature, including human nature, how much contingency is there and how much determinism? And ultimately, is capitalism inevitable?
A Novel Route to Inducing Disorder in Model Polymer-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

The effects of the degree of silicate surface modification by organic surfactants and the nature of surfactant−matrix enthalpic interactions on polymer-layered silicate nanocomposite (PLSN) morphology have been systematically investigated. Using cation exchange to modify montmorillonite, a series of “partially” modified clays were prepared and used in turn to fabricate polystyrene (PS)−, poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)−, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)−matrix PLSNs via static melt intercalation. Small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the morphological behavior of the PS-based “partial” coverage PLSNs was seemingly dependent on surfactant length, with the shortest surfactant providing the most significant disruption of the clay tactoids. Examination of the PMMA- and PVME-based PLSNs indicated that the nanocomposite morphology was only weakly affected by the nature of matrix−surfactant enthalpic interactions. The results of modifying montmorillonite with 5.5 kg/...
Is Television Advertising Being Placed to Reach Product Users

Several textbooks, journal articles, and advertising practitioners indicate that the advertising for many products should be directed toward the heavy users of the product category. Other works suggest that advertising should be directed at current users of a brand to retain them or to users of competitive brands in an effort to attract them. The purpose of this article is to compare these directions for how advertising should be placed with data showing how advertising is being placed. The comparison is made using supermarket scanner panel data and household advertising exposure data. Examples are also provided to indicate the extent to which advertising could be targeted to heavy users of the product category and users of a brand, given the actual viewing and consumption patterns. Several implications for the placement of advertising are discussed.
Chemical stability of barium calcium aluminate dispenser cathode impregnants

Abstract A thermodynamic model has been formulated to describe the effects of temperature and composition on the chemistry of barium and barium oxide (Ba/BaO) generation from dispenser cathode impregnants. Our approach is to make use of the BaO-CaO-Al2O3 phase diagram and BaO vapor pressures of impregnant phases to calculate the BaO vapor pressure of the impregnant. This BaO vapor pressure is used to calculate the Ba vapor pressure resulting from reactions between BaO vapor and the tungsten cathode. The Ba/BaO vapor pressures are used to calculate Ba/BaO generation and evaporation rates from a wide range of impregnant compositions. Ba/BaO evaporation rates from dispenser cathodes, reported in the literature over a range of Ba and calcium (Ca) concentrations, are consistent with the rates predicted from this study. Two trends are evident. First, increasing the Ba concentration in the impregnant generally forms high vapor pressure Ba-rich phases leading to high Ba/BaO evaporation rates. Second, increasing Ca concentration in the impregnant lowers the Ba/BaO vapor pressures by forming barium calcium aluminate solid solutions. Ca has little effect on Ba/BaO vapor pressure once its solubility limit is reached and a separate CaO phase is formed. This model illustrates the possibility of extending cathode life by selecting impregnants composed of fairly stable solid-solution phases for use in cathodes that must be operated at high temperature for high current density.
Superconductivity in Sc metal and Li(Mg) alloy under extreme pressure

Abstract Li and Sc are two of the 23 elements which only superconduct under high pressure. In previous studies T c for Li reaches 14 K at 30 GPa, but for Sc only 0.35 K at 21 GPa. We determined T c ( P ) for Sc to be 74.2 GPa and found that T c increases monotonically with pressure to 8.2 K. Changes in the superconducting phase diagram of monovalent Li are studied upon alloying with 10% divalent Mg.
Location advantages and subsidiaries’ R&D activities in emerging economies: Exploring the effect of employee mobility

With multinational corporations increasingly seeking subsidiaries’ specific advantages in foreign countries to develop their innovative capabilities, internationalization of research and development has been greatly emphasized. However, in emerging economies, managers are encountering the challenge of high employee mobility under the weak intellectual property protection regime. This article investigates subsidiaries’ employee mobility and proposes that it negatively moderates the relationship between location advantages and the level of subsidiaries’ R&D. This article extends R&D internationalization and enhances current understanding of subsidiaries’ R&D activities. Further, it provides managerial implications as to how managers can improve R&D outcome by mitigating obstacles in emerging economies.
Prognostic factors for recurrence and survival in axillary node-negative breast cancer☆

Abstract The question of which node-negative breast cancer patients should be treated with adjuvant systemic therapy is a debatable topic. Our approach in San Antonio is to examine the risk profile for an individual patient and attempt to classify the patient into a good risk group or a high risk group in terms of disease recurrence. Features such as small tumor size (
Simulation of pellet ablation for tokamak fueling with ITAPS front tracking

A magnetohydrodynamic numerical model and parallel software for the ablation of cryogenic deuterium pellets in the process of tokamak fueling has been developed based on the method of front tracking of ITAPS Center. The main features of the model are the explicit tracking of material interfaces, a surface ablation model, a kinetic model for the electron heat flux, a cloud charging and rotation model, and an equation of state accounting for atomic processes in the ablation cloud. The software was used for the first systematic studies of the pellet ablation rate and properties of the ablation channel in magnetic fields. Simulations revealed new features of the pellet ablation such as strong dependence of the radius of the ablation channel and ablation rate on the 'warm-up' time and supersonic spinning of the ablation channel.
Competitive Equilibrium with Type Convergence in an Asymmetrically Informed Market

This article studies an asymmetric information game with "type convergence," in which, under some realizations of a common uncertainity, inducing informed agents to reveal their types through self-selection by contract choice is either costly or impossible. Under other realizations, self-selection permits costless distinctions between informed agents. I obtain sufficient conditions under which contracting with options prior to the realization of the common uncertainity leads to the existence of a perfectly separating, costless Nash equilibrium. Applications to variable rate loan commitments and life insurance contracting are discussed. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Female Migration and Child Occupation in Rural El Salvador

This article looks at the consequences of migration in terms of child education and child labor using a unique rural panel dataset for El Salvador. Results suggest gender differences in the consequences of migration on child activities that remain in El Salvador. While female migration tends to reduce child labor, both in domestic and non-domestic activities, male migration seems to stimulate it, in particular in terms of domestic labor. In contrast, while male migration has null or slightly positive impact in terms of school enrollment rates, female migration apparently reduces the likelihood that a particular child stays at school. Some of these results differ according to the gender of the child. The results do not seem to be driven by female migrants remitting more than males, but rather to alternative competing explanations, such as the existence of child–adult male labor substitution, differences in the use of remittances by gender of the recipient person, or limited ability to monitor funds when remitted by female migrants.
Comparing F0 discrimination in sequential and simultaneous conditions

In an influential study, Carlyon and Shackleton [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 3541–3554 (1994)] measured listeners’ performance (d′) in fundamental-frequency (F0) discrimination between harmonic complex tones (HCTs) presented simultaneously in different spectral regions and compared their performance with that found in a sequential-comparison task. In this Letter, it is suggested that Carlyon and Shackleton’s analysis of the simultaneous-comparison data did not adequately reflect their assumption that listeners were effectively comparing F0’s across regions. A reanalysis consistent with this assumption is described. The new results suggest that under the assumption that listeners were effectively comparing F0 across regions, their performance in this task was substantially higher than originally estimated by Carlyon and Shackleton, and in some conditions much higher than expected from the performances measured in a traditional F0-discrimination task with sequential HCTs. Possible explanations for this outcome,...
A new amyloidogenic transthyretin variant (Val122Ala) found in a compound heterozygous patient.

A new TTR variant, Vall22Ala, was characterized in an individual who carried the Gly6Ser polymorphism on the opposite allele. The main clinical feature of this familial transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) variant is extensive cardiomyopathy. The detection and characterization of the variant were performed using a combination of isoelectric focusing (IEF), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), immunoprecipitation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS), HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography)/ESIMS, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDIMS). The results were confirmed by DNA analysis. The propositus has a brother who carries the new variant but not the polymorphism.
"Much in Prayer": The Inward Researches of Elizabethan Protestants

With daring rarely rivaled, European religious reformers in the sixteenth century repudiated many familiar rituals of Latin Christendom. They selectively and aggressively quoted the Christian scriptures to apologists for tradition, favoring, among others, the passage which said that faith-not solemn ceremonies or those presiding over them-could exorcize demons, even move mountains (Matt. 17:20). In fact, those reformers are now known for their consuming faith in faith. Yet despite their solafideism, none forgot that the statement suggesting the omnicompetence of faith was followed by one enjoining prayers (17:21). Theodore Beza, Calvin's influential successor in Geneva, conceded that faith could do little without conscientious prayer, so it comes as no surprise that Beza's most avid readers and admirers in England, while regretting the survival of prescribed and arguably "popish" prayers in their reformed churches, insisted on the importance of praying.' They were "much in prayer," said John Geree in 1646, looking back on seventy years of religious controversy and referring to puritans, the most implacable critics of Roman Catholic worship and of its apparent comeback during Arminian ascendancy. They detested remnants of Catholic ritual, yet they ritually opened and closed days and punctuated the intervening hours, "in closet, family, and publicke assembly," with prayerful confessions and petitions. "Much in prayer," they "esteemed that manner of prayers best whereby the gift of God's expressions were varied according to present wants and occasions, yet [they] did not account set forms unlawfull.'"2
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL): clinical and radiological findings in a Guatemalan patient.

We report on a patient of Guatemalan descent whose physical and radiological findings are consistent with a diagnosis of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL). This is a rare, autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia with short limbs, severe scoliosis, high dorsal kyphoscoliosis, and joint hypermobility. Most described patients with SEMDJL are from the Afrikaans-speaking communities of South Africa. Patients with SEMDJL have an oval face, prominent eyes, and blue sclerae. Our patient's height and weight were below the fifth centile. She had prominent eyes with blue sclerae, a narrow, high-arched palate, pectus carinatum, severe scoliosis, and hyperextensibility and instability of most joint, with limited extension and supination of her elbows. A review of her roentgenograms showed severe scoliosis, poorly developed ischial, iliac, and pubic bones, a “bat-like” appearance of the iliac bones, “dysplastic” acetabulum, minimal metaphyseal and epiphyseal abnormalities at the knees, deformation of the proximal femoral metaphyses, and generalized brachydactyly of the hands and feet. This disorder may be more common than previously thought, and the diagnosis should be considered in any child with a dwarfing considered in any child with a dwarfing condition and joint laxity. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Discussion: Economic Policy and Agricultural Development Abroad

[16] MELLOR, J. W., "Toward a Theory of Agricultural Development," in Agricultural Development and Economic Growth, ed. H. M. Southworth and B. F. Johnston, Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1967, pp. 21-60. [17] MERRILL, W. C., Establishing Rice Prices in Peru, Lima, Iowa Universities Mission, 1966, mimeo. [18] MILLIKAN, M., AND D. HAPGOOD, No Easy Harvest: The Dilemma of Agriculture in Underdeveloped Countries, Boston, Little, Brown and Co., 1967. [19] MOSHER, A. T., "Research Needed on the Development Process for Agriculture," in Economic Development of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1965, pp. 238-245. [20] MYINT, H., "Economic Theory and the Underdeveloped Countries," J. Pol. Econ. 73:477-491, Oct. 1965. [21] NICHOLS, W. H., "An 'Agricultural Surplus' as a Factor in Economic Development," J. Pol. Econ. 71:1-29, Feb. 1963. [22] OWEN, W. F., "The Double Developmental Squeeze on Agriculture," Am. Econ. Rev. 46:43-70, March 1966. [23] RANIs, G., AND J. C. H. FEI, "A Theory of Economic Development," Am. Econ. Rev. 51:533-565, Sept. 1961. [24] RUTTAN, V. W., "Growth Stage Theories and Agricultural Development Policy," paper presented at the annual meeting of the Australian Agricultural Economics Society, Perth, 1965. [25] SANDERS, B. L., "The Effects of Agricultural Pricing Policies in Mexico," unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Iowa State University, 1967. [26] SCHULTZ, T. W., Transforming Traditional Agriculture, New Haven, Conn., Yale University Press, 1964. [27] SOUTHWORTH, H. M., AND B. F. JOHNSTON, eds., Agricultural Development and Economic Growth, Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1967. [28] STERN, R. M., "The Price Responsiveness of Primary Producers," Rev. Econ. and Stat. 44:202-207, May 1962. [29] STONIER, A. W., AND D. C. HAGUE, A Textbook of Economic Theory, 3d ed., New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1964. [30] YOTOPOULOS, P. A., Allocative Efficiency in Economic Development, Res. Monograph 18, Athens, Center of Planning and Economic Research, 1967. LYLE P. SCHERTZ
Comparison of two-dimensional numerical approximation and measurement of SAR in a muscle equivalent phantom exposed to a 915 MHz slab-loaded waveguide.

Computer predictions of the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in a uniform muscle-equivalent phantom with an overlying bolus have been compared to those measured experimentally. The microwave source was a 10 10×cm cm slab-loaded waveguide applicator operating at 915 MHz. The modelling technique (theory) combines the equivalence principle and a two-dimensional finite element technique to determine the incident and the scattered electric fields separately. The E-field was measured using a small dipole device oriented parallel to the polarized field of the waveguide source. Comparisons of the predicted and measured SAR were made for various bolus properties, and reasonable agreement with theory was found in each case. The results demonstrate the usefulness of numerical modelling in characterizing the fields from microwave applicators used in clinical hyperthermia.
Abstract interdomain security assertions: a basis for extra-grid virtual organizations

One significant challenge in building grids between organizations with heterogeneous security systems is the need to express and enforce security policies that specify the users in one organization (the source domain) who are allowed to access the resources in another organization (the target domain). This requires linking the syntax and semantics of security assertions referring to users and their attributes in the source domain to those referring to resources in the target domain. This paper suggests some basic requirements for solving this problem, in particular, an abstract form of interdomain security assertion (IDSA) relying, for instance, on globally meaningful URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers) to refer to users, resources, and their attributes. This canonical abstract form of IDSA is, however, used strictly for assertion mapping purposes. It may--but need not-- be visible in any concrete security assertion syntax in any domain. The paper further suggests different scenarios in which URIs for users, resources, and attributes defined in one domain can be mapped to semantically meaningful references--with varying degrees of granularity and accountability--in another domain where they would otherwise be meaningless.
13C CP/MAS NMR and Crystallographic Investigations of the Structure and Solid-State Transformations of Lead(II) Acetate Trihydrate

Demonstration de l'utilite de la spectrometrie RMN CP/MAS de 13 C utilisee conjointement avec la diffraction RX pour controler les reactions a l'etat solide et fournir une base structurale a quelques caracteristiques spectrales observees. PbC 4 O 7 H 12 cristallise dans C2/m avec Z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0,043
Eimeria tenella (Sporozoa, Coccidia): Gametogony following a single asexual generation.

Selection of Eimeria tenella for precociousness resulted in a strain with only one asexual generation prior to gametogony.
Chemical modification of hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract Using glow discharge decomposition of mixtures of silane and various “modifying” gases, we have prepared thin films with properties which in some cases differ significantly from those reported for glow discharge prepared hydrogenated amorphous silicon. The optical absorption edge, index of refraction, and light and dark resistivities are reported for a number of modified thin films using B, C, Ge, N, F and Cl in different molecular forms. A method is described for preparing p-type photoconductive amorphous materials which may be useful in semiconducting and photovoltaic devices.
Effect of auditory training on reading skills of retarded readers.

64 third-graders from socially disadvantaged backgrounds were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups or to a control group. Treatment groups received reading instruction or auditory training or both. Batteries of auditory and reading tests were given before and after treatment. There was no evidence that any of the four groups showed superior posttest performance. The negative results are discussed in terms of timing of intervention programs. The findings suggest that there may be complex interrelationships of teacher and pupil variables with learning to read.
Improving the Consistency of Conditional Probability Assessments for Forecasting and Decision Making

"Public agencies are very keen on amassing statistics-they collect them, add them, raise them to the nth power, take the cube root and prepare wonderful diagrams. But what you must never forget is that every one of those figures comes in the first instance from the village watchman, who just puts down what he damn pleases." Sir Josiah Stamp The assessment of the conditional probabilities of events is useful and needed for forecasting, planning, and decision making. In this paper the difficulties associated with the assessment of these conditional probabilities are examined. The necessary and sufficient conditions that the elicited information on conditional probabilities must satisfy are evaluated against actual assessments in several different controlled settings. A high frequency of implicit violations of the probability calculus was observed. The consistency of the assessments is affected by the causal/diagnostic and positive/negative relationships of the events. Use of a judgmental aid in the form of a joint probability table reduces the number of inconsistent responses significantly. Using the probability axioms, it is also shown that only the first order conditional probabilities need be assessed, as higher order probabilities are robust to the unconditional and first order conditional assessments.
3.1.3 NEW CONCEPTS OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AT THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION AND THE SPACE AND MISSILE SYSTEMS CENTER (SMC)

The Aerospace Corporation sponsors in-house research to enhance and extend the corporation's core competencies. The objective of one Aerospace Sponsored Research (ASR) was to develop new concepts for systems engineering, consistent with Integrated Weapon System Management (IWSM)/ Integrated Product Development (IPD) environments, by addressing methodology, guidance and training, and computer-aided tools. The ASR had five primary objectives including defining an Systems engineering/ Configuration Management (SE/CM) methodology, developing guidance and training, investigating computer-aided SE/CM tools, maintaining Aerospace role introducing SE/CM concepts to the Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC), and ensuring cross-information flow of lessons learned between SMC System Program Offices (SPOs) and external customers. Significant accomplishments were made toward satisfying each of the stated objectives, especially achieving the opening of an operational SMC IPD Center.
Education in Agroecology and Integrated Systems

Summary Courses and curricula in agriculture are traditionally organized within disciplinary boundaries, while study of integrated systems has been confined to aggregation of components and often superficial analysis. Agroecology is emerging as an integrative field that expands our focus to embrace the broad complexities of agricultural production and the entire food system. Education in agroecology must provide the skills and knowledge needed to design and evaluate new systems, as well as the capacity to vision into the future and anticipate the impacts of systems as well as new challenges that will face humanity. Agricultural universities need to be organized to prepare students to meet these increasingly complex challenges in the food and natural resource arena. Agroecology courses can build awareness and competence in using ecological principles to inform the design of future systems that are productive, economically sound, environmentally sustainable, and socially viable for the indefinite future. A ...
The genetics of the protein 4.1 family: organizers of the membrane and cytoskeleton.

Abstract Protein 4.1 (also called band 4.1 or simply 4.1) was originally identified as an abundant protein of the human erythrocyte, in which it stabilizes the spectrin/actin cytoskeleton. The protein and its relatives have since been found in many cell types of metazoan organisms and they are often concentrated in the nucleus, as well as in cell–cell junctions. They form multimolecular complexes with transmembrane and membrane-associated proteins, and these complexes may be important for both structural stability and signal transduction at sites of cell contact.
Induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells by immunization with killed influenza virus and effect of cholera toxin B subunit.

Abstract The MHC class I cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in mice given formalin-inactivated influenza whole-virus vaccine (WVV) with or without cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was studied. Intraperitoneal injection of Balb/c (H-2d) mice with high doses of A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1) WVV stimulated influenza A virus-specific CTL response in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 4.4 or 44 μg induced CTL response equal to or greater than live influenza virus infection. Coadministration of vaccine with 5 or 25 μg of CTB resulted in a higher level of CTL than with vaccine alone. CTL lysed A/Taiwan and A/Shanghai (H3N2) virus-infectected class I-expressing P815 (H-2d) but not virus-infected EL-4 (H-2b) target cells nor B/Yamagata virus-infected target cells. virus-infected MHC class II- and class I-expressing A20 (H-2d) targets were also lysed. Depletion of Lyt-2+ (CD8+) T cells with monoclonal antibody completely abrogated lysis of P815 target cells and resulted only in a slight reduction of lysis of A20 target cells. Depletion of L3T4+ (CD4+) T cells or NK cells had minimal effect on lysis of either P815 or A20 target cells. Using limiting dilution analysis, the precursor CTL (pCTL) frequency paralleled CTL activity. Significant CTL activity was detected 7 months after immunization. These results demonstrate that adequate doses of influenza WVV with or without CTB can induce long-lasting influenza A cross-reactive MHC class I-restricted CD8+ CTL response in mice. Thus, coadministration of influenza WVV with CTB may lead to an effective vaccine that stimulates both CTL and antibody responses.
Multidisciplinary analysis for large-scale optical design

Accurately predicting optical performance for any of the near-term concepts proposed under NASA's Origins missions is a uniquely challenging task, and one that has served to highlight a number of areas of necessary advancement in the field of computer-aided engineering analysis. The strongly coupled nature of these classes of problems combined with unprecedented levels of required optical precision demand a solution approach that is itself fundamentally integrated if accurate, efficient analyses, capable of pointing the way towards improved designs are to be achieved. Recent development efforts have served to lay the foundation for an entirely new finite element-based analytical capability; one that is open, highly extensible, is Matlab-hosted, and which utilizes NASTRAN syntax to describe common-model multidisciplinary analyis tasks. Capabilities currently under development, a few of which will be highlighted here, will soon capture behavioural aspects of coupled nonlinear radiative heat transfer, structures, and optics problems to a level of accuracy and performance not yet achieved for these classes of problems, in an environment that will greatly facilitate future research, development, and technical oversight efforts.
Insomnia in women

Insomnia is a highly prevalent disorder that can lead to substantial impairments in quality of life and functional capacity. This condition occurs significantly more frequently in women than men. An important contributing factor is that insomnia can occur in association with hormonal changes that are unique to women, such as those of menopause or the late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Another consideration is that women are more likely to suffer from major depression and anxiety disorders, which are also associated with insomnia. The reasons are unclear as are the reasons why women are at increased risk of primary insomnia. These conditions are frequently encountered in clinical practice and present a challenge to the practitioner because there is a striking lack of research data to serve as a guide. For example, there are no published studies to indicate how to safely and effectively manage insomnia that often occurs late in pregnancy. This article reviews the available literature related to these conditions with a focus on the epidemiologic data and diagnosis and treatment of insomnia and highlights the need for further research.
Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in the mouse is a commonly used experimental model for pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.1 TAC initially leads to compensated hypertrophy of the heart, which often is associated with a temporary enhancement of cardiac contractility. Over time, however, the response to the chronic hemodynamic overload becomes maladaptive, resulting in cardiac dilatation and heart failure.2 The murine TAC model was first validated by Rockman et al.1, and has since been extensively used as a valuable tool to mimic human cardiovascular diseases and elucidate fundamental signaling processes involved in the cardiac hypertrophic response and heart failure development. When compared to other experimental models of heart failure, such as complete occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, TAC provides a more reproducible model of cardiac hypertrophy and a more gradual time course in the development of heart failure. Here, we describe a step-by-step procedure to perform surgical TAC in mice. To determine the level of pressure overload produced by the aortic ligation, a high frequency Doppler probe is used to measure the ratio between blood flow velocities in the right and left carotid arteries.3, 4 With surgical survival rates of 80-90%, transverse aortic banding is an effective technique of inducing left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure in mice.
Comparison of 1965, 1976, and 1978 Norms for the Wide Range Achievement Test

A comparison of the 1965 and 1978 Wide Range Achievement Test norms indicates that the 1978 norms, generally, with the exception of the youngest age levels, provide lower standard scores on the reading and spelling subtests. Arithmetic norms, however, show a more variable pattern of change, with the 1978 norms frequently providing higher standard scores than the 1965 norms for the same raw scores. Most of the variation between the two sets of norms occurs primarily in the upper or lower portions of the ability range. Few changes appear between the 1976 and 1978 norms. Grade ratings for raw scores are the same for 1965 and 1976, but they are changed for 1978, with the 1978 grade ratings being markedly lower for the highest raw scores. Changes may be related to changes in ability level or to changes in the normative sample.
Are Pronounceability and Effort Ratings Psychologically Equivalent

Is Underwood and Schulz's (1960) pronounceability scale psychologically equivalent to Ryan and Smith's (1954) effort scale for work? CVCs with high or low m′ values (Noble, 1961) were rated on both scales. Judgments of equivalence were inconsistent over Ss and CVCs. The scales are not parallel by Gulliksen's (1950) criteria. They correlate .99 and over-all have nearly equal means, variances, and covariances. Differential effects of work on rates of learning of CVCs were attributed to the diversion of attention from retention on initial learning trials plus high difficulty and effort of reproduction from imperfect retention on these trials.
Formate adsorption and azimuthal orientation on Cu(100) from molecular orbital theory

Abstract The most stable binding site and azimuthal orientation for formate species on Cu(100) has been investigated by using the semi-empirical atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital calculations and a large cluster model for the surface. Chemisorption is most stable on the short-bridge site, where the carbon atom lies above the twofold-coordinated bridging site and the two oxygen atoms point towards the on-top sites of neighboring copper atoms, with the molecular plane perpendicular to the surface. These calculations support the most recent photoelectron diffraction investigation results regarding the binding site and orientation of the molecule on this surface.
Modifying the Exact Test for a Binomial Proportion and Comparisons with Other Approaches

Abstract In this note we provide a simple continuity and tail-corrected approach to the standard exact test for a single binomial proportion commonly used in practice. We redefine the p-value for the two-sided alternative by noting the skewed distribution of the sample proportion under the null hypothesis. We illustrate that for both one and two-sided alternatives the coverage probabilities of the new methodology approaches more closely the desired type I error α and thus recommend these modifications to the applied statistician for consideration.
Right ventricular contractile function in children with congenital heart disease

Indexes of right ventricular (RV) systolic function were evaluated in 41 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. High-fidelity tracings were used to determine RV pressure, maximal RV dP/dt and the velocity of contractile element shortening at a developed pressure of 10 mm Hg (VCE10). In 14 children with an RV systolic pressure less than 35 mm Hg, normal RV volume, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) less than 3 units X m2 and no shunts (our normal group), mean (+/- standard deviation) RV dP/dt was 437 +/- 116 mm Hg X s-1 and VCE10 was 1.15 +/- 0.33 muscle length X s-1. In patients with RV systolic hypertension due to valvular pulmonary stenosis or isolated increases in PVR, mean values for RV dP/dt and VCE10 were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than the normal values. In patients with a ventricular septal defect, RV hypertension and normal PVR, VCE10 was normal but RV dP/dt was significantly elevated. Children with chronic RV volume overload had normal RV contractile indexes. No patient in any group had values for RV dP/dt or VCE10 that were less than normal (mean normal - 2 standard deviations). This study establishes for the first time the indexes of RV isovolumic systole in children. It also shows that RV contractile function is preserved in young patients with chronic RV pressure or volume overload who do not have overt congestive heart failure.
Solution structural study of a DNA duplex containing the guanine-N7 adduct formed by a cytotoxic platinum-acridine hybrid agent.

[PtCl(en)(ACRAMTU-S)](NO3)2 (PT-ACRAMTU; en = ethane-1,2-diamine, ACRAMTU = 1-[2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dimethylthiourea) is a dual metalating/intercalating DNA binding drug conjugate that shows cytotoxicity at micromolar to nanomolar concentrations in a wide range of solid tumor cell lines. In ∼80% of its adducts, PT-ACRAMTU binds to guanine-N7 in the major groove, selectively at 5‘-CG sites [Budiman, M. E. et al. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 8560−8567]. Here, we report the synthesis, physical characterization, and NMR solution structure of a site-specifically modified octamer containing this adduct, 5‘-CCTCG*TCC-3‘/3‘-GGAGCAGG-5‘, where the asterisk indicates the [Pt(en)ACRAMTU)]3+ fragment. The structure was determined by a combination of high-resolution 2-D NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics/molecular mechanics (rMD/MM) calculations using 179 NOE distance restraints and refined to an r6 weighted residual (Rx) of 9.2 × 10-2 using the complete relaxation matrix approach. An average str...
Improved Survival in Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery

Background The overall incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) or mortality after cardiac surgery is low, but mortality in patients with AKI remains high. Effects of factors such as change in comorbid disease burden, intraoperative factors, or postoperative complications on trends in the incidence of AKI and associated mortality after cardiac surgery were not examined. Study Design Observational cohort study. Setting & Participants 34,562 cardiac surgeries were performed from 1993 to 2002; only the first surgical procedure was considered (N = 33,217). Predictor, Outcomes, & Measurements AKI was defined as a composite outcome of a 50% or greater decrease in postoperative glomerular filtration rate or requirement of dialysis (AKI-D). Mortality was defined as postoperative hospital mortality. We examined effects of the predictors AKI and year of surgery on mortality after accounting for preoperative risk factors and serious postoperative complications. Results Between the first and second halves of the study period (1993 to 2002), the incidence of AKI increased from 5.1% to 6.6%, but the associated mortality rate decreased from 32% to 23% ( P P Limitations Single-center, retrospective, observational cohort design. Conclusion The incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery has increased over time. Although the adjusted risk of mortality decreased in patients with AKI without other postoperative complications, it is unchanged in those with multiorgan system failure.
An Analysis of US Oyster Demand and the Influence of Labeling Requirements

In response to concerns about the morbidity rate associated with the consumption of raw Gulf of Mexico oysters, California initiated a program in March 1991 that required anyone selling raw Gulf oysters to notify potential consumers that the "consumption of raw oysters can cause serious illness and death among people with liver disease, chronic illness, or weakened immune systems." This labeling requirement, followed shortly thereafter by similar requirements in other states, re- ceived extensive media coverage. The primary objective of this study was to consider, within the context of a complete demand system, the impact of mandatory warning labels and associated media attention on the demand for the product subject to regu- lation and media attention (i.e., Gulf product) as well as substitute products. Results indicate that warning labels lowered the demand for oysters originating from the Gulf and Chesapeake and increased demand for oysters originating from the Pacific and foreign sources. Results also indicate that the own-price flexibilities from all sources are inelastic and, with few exceptions, all products are gross substitutes for one an- other.
Abstract 1090: Impact of CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling in ovarian cancer proliferation

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Introduction: Chemokine network plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. Human ovarian tumors express chemokine CXCL1 and its receptor CXCR2, but its role in ovarian cancer development and progression remains unclear. In this study, we investigate whether CXCL1/CXCR2 have functional significance in ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Methods: CXCR2 was overexpressed by stable transfection into the human ovarian surface epithelial cancer cell lines A2780, OVCAR3, and SKOV3. The influence of CXCL1 and CXCR2 on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and changes in related proteins and gene expression were determined by using confocal image analysis, MTT assay, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and PCR array. Results: CXCR2 was mainly expressed on the cell surface and intracellular localization, and these expressions were profoundly enhanced in CXCR2 overexpressed cell lines when compared to controls. CXCR2 significantly increased the proliferation of A2780, OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells in a time-dependent manner, and these increases were abolished by the CXCR2 inhibitor, SD 225002. Furtermore, CXCR2-induced cancer cell proliferation was suppressed by Gefitinib, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), indicating crosstalk between CXCR2 and EGFR in ovarian cancer cell proliferation. CXCR2 induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and NF-kappa B, probably contributing to ovarian tumor growth and metastatic progression. CXCL1 significantly stimulates the cell proliferation in CXCR2 overexpressed cell lines, and the stimulations were substantially blocked by the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD 98059, further confirming the involvement of MAPK signaling. CXCR2 reduced cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase and increased the cell population in the S and G2-M phase, and these changes were associated with enhanced expression for CDK6, a G1-S cell cycle transition regulatory gene. Chemokine specific PCR array revealed that CXCR2 enhances proinflammatory chemokines CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL6, suggesting that CXCR2 accelerates proinflammatory tumor microenvironment to provide the suitable condition for ovarian cancer progression. Conclusions: Taken together, this study demonstrated that CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling plays critical roles in ovarian cancer growth and progression through the activation of ERK1/2 and NF-kappa B. Thus, CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling may be important in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, providing a basis for the therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1090. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1090
REVERSIBLE PHOTODIMERIZATION OF ANTHRACENE AND TETRACENE

Abstract— Dianthracene is efficiently photodissociated, forming anthracene with a quantum yield of about 0.63. Like anthracene, tetracene undergoes a reversible photochemical reaction, the product of which appears to be di-tetracene. In dilute, deoxygenated solutions the of quantum yeild for the formation of di-tetracene is directly proportional to the concentration of the monomer odim = 2.2 (T). The quantum yield for the reverse reaction is approximately 0.74 When dilute deaerated solutions of anthracene are irradiated with the unfiltered radiation from a quartz-mercury arc, a degradation product is formed. Unlike the dimer, this product cannot be converted into anthracene either by heating it to 200dC or by irradiating it in solution with light of 254 nm. This degradation product appears to be the compound or compounds which Birks et al. believed to be dianthracene. Irradiation of deaerated solutions of anthracene (or tetracene) with light of wavelenghts longer than 300 nm produces only the dimer, which has an absorption spectrum similar to that reported by Coulson et al.
A channel assignment scheme for FDMA based wireless ad hoc networks in Rayleigh fading environments

This paper addresses the problem of allocating spatially reused frequency channels in ad hoc networks to satisfy data rate constraints on various links. The data rate requirement of each link is satisfied by using adaptive modulation. Power control is used to maintain the required signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) in the presence of interference, which is caused due to frequency reuse. The objective is to minimize the total transmitted power over the entire network while satisfying the data rate requirement of each link. We show that this problem is a hard optimization problem and present a heuristic algorithm. The simulation results show that our algorithm results in an efficient assignment of frequencies and transmitter power levels in terms of the energy required for transmitting each bit of information. The results also demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms existing techniques.
Short cervix: is a follow‐up measurement useful?

Objective To study if a repeat cervical length (CL) measurement in the patient already diagnosed with a short cervix has any additional value in the prediction of preterm delivery. Study design This was a retrospective study of singleton pregnancies with cervical lengths 1–25 mm at a gestational age of 16–28 weeks seen in our institution between 2002 and 2005. Patients who were managed expectantly and had a follow-up CL measurement within 3 weeks were included. Delivery data were obtained from the patients' computerized medical records. Results Sixty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria. 37% of the patients had a shorter CL on the second measurement. These patients delivered at an earlier gestational age (36 + 4 vs. 38 + 2 weeks, P = 0.031) and were more likely to deliver at < 37 weeks (60% vs. 26%, P = 0.009). The change in the CL correlated with earlier gestational age at delivery and delivery at < 37 weeks. Conclusion In patients diagnosed with a short cervix, follow-up CL measurement is a strong predictor of preterm delivery. Greater change in the CL correlates with an earlier gestational age at delivery. In the patient diagnosed with a short cervix, a repeat measurement of CL gives additional predictive value. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Challenge of Race to American Historical Archaeology

Historical archaeologists should be leaders in examining the archaeological dimensions of race and racism in the United States. With few exceptions, though, this has not been the case, as most archaeologists have conflated race and ethnicity. American historical archaeologists have a great opportunity to provide new insights to the anthropological investigation of race and racism if they choose to take this course of action,
Evaluation of Corn Dried Steep Liquor Concentrate in the Diet of Broiler Chicks

Abstract IN STUDIES conducted to determine the origin of the chick growth stimulating factor, Russo et al. (1960) compared the use of fermented and unfermented corn fermentation solubles and steeped vs. whole corn. Their findings indicated that the origin of the chick growth stimulating component was in the corn grain itself and not due to the fermentation process. Experiments were conducted at this laboratory to evaluate the nutritive value of the DSLC blended product in broiler diets and to determine if it contained any possible unidentified growth factor activity. Dried steep liquor concentrate (DSLC) is a blended feed product of fractions obtained from the wet milling of corn. It contains corn germ meal, corn bran, corn gluten meal, and dried condensed fermented corn extractives, all of which have been previously used in poultry feeds in the past, either separately or in various blends. A typical analysis of the product is shown…
Biomass recycling and species competition in continuous cultures

A chemostat with cell feedback is analyzed for three kinds of limiting nutrient: a substrate dissolved in the inflow, a gas bubbled directly into the reactor, and light. The effects of recycle are distinct in each case, because the relationships between hydraulic detention time and nutrient inflow and outflow are different for each type of nutrient. Effluent recycle, in which the recycle stream is more dilute than the reactor, is discussed in terms of cell detention time and nutrient limitation. Results from chemostat cultures of the blue-green alga, Spirulina geitleri, demonstrate cell feedback under light limitation. Maximum productivity is fixed by the incident light intensity. At a particular dilution rate recycling increases or decreases productivity by taking cell density closer or further from the optimum density. Cell recycle with heterogeneous populations can change the outcome of species competition. Selective recycling of one species can reverse this outcome or stabilize coexistence by its selective effect on cell detention time. Experimental results from light--limited mixed cultures of S. geitleri and a Chlorella sp. verify this.
REPEATABLE RUNOUT FOLLOWING IN BIT PATTERNED MEDIA RECORDING

An adaptive feedforward controller design for tracking repeatable runout (RRO) in bit patterned media recording (BMPR) is proposed for single stage hard disk drives (HDD). The technique is based on modified filtered-x least mean squares (MFXLMS) algorithm with deterministic periodic input, and a novel variable step size that boosts both the convergence rate and the steady state error. Comprehensive simulations and comparisons are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.