cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TELECOMMUNICATIONS THEORIES, MANAGEMENT, DEVELOPMENT, PRACTICES, AND APPLICATIONS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: ISSUES AND ANALYSIS

The primary purposes of this special issue are two-fold. First, this issue provides an arena for telecommunications' subject matter experts and scholars to present their research. Second, we aim to inform the journal readers of the new technologies, concepts, applications, innovations, and scientific breakthroughs in the field.
Insect resistance to insecticides

L'auteur presente une revue bibliographique tres complete concernant le phenomene de resistance aux insecticides. Apres un bref historique, on etudie les differents mecanismes de la resistance et ses impacts sur le controle des ravageurs, sur le controle des vecteurs de maladies et on discute des moyens dont on dispose pour controler des especes resistantes aux insecticides
Eigenvector matrix partition and radio direction finding performance

The problem of high frequency radio direction finding (HFDF) is solved, using eigenstructure analysis of the spatial correlation matrix. The general approach is to compute a matrix of eigenvectors which are ordered according to decreasing eigenvalues. The eigenvector matrix is partitioned so that one part is associated with signals and the other is associated with noise. The performance of a direction finder is investigated under the conditions of an incorrectly partitioned eigenvector matrix. In particular, observations are presented for various conditions of 1) signal coherence, 2) bearing separation, 3) unequal signal strength and 4) additive noise. It is noted that underestimation of signal order produces biasing and spurious spectral peaks. In the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) case it appears that overestimation of signal order is a desirable strategy. In the low SNR case the estimation of signal order is extremely critical. The effect of the noise is to merge the eigenvalues so that separation of signal and noise components, based on size of the eigenvalues, is difficult to do reliably.
The role of symmetry breaking and disorder in the control of phase-ordered states in globally coupled oscillators

Abstract We investigate the dynamics of splay-phase states, special out-of-phase states, in an array of globally coupled phase oscillators. Using asymptotic methods and a dimension reducing coordinate transformation we derive explicit representation for saddle shaped surfaces on which the dynamics is confined. The restricted motion is due to a high degree of neutral stability possessed by the splay-phase and related incoherent states. An additional consequence of the neutral stability is an extreme sensitivity to intrinsic noise which leads to diffusive drift. The elimination of this drift motivates an examination of the effect of parameter perturbations and their use for control. We have found that the system is uncontrollable using symmetry-preserving perturbations, but that symmetry-breaking perturbations effectively allow for the prevention of noise-induced drift. Finally, we have made observations on how general disorder affects the dynamics of the system; in particular, for small disorder certain sums of the phases become unbounded while others remain fixed.
Model reference adaptive control with L 1+α tracking

A redesign of model reference adaptive control using a non-quadratic Lyapunov function for deriving a new adaptive law leads to a tracking error e(t) belonging to the L 1+α signal space for plants with relative degree one, where α > 0 is a design parameter. A choice of 0 < α < 1 leads to the energy of |e(t;)|(1+α)/2 smaller than that with the standard adaptive law for α = 1. Simulation results indicate that the new adaptive control scheme with0 < α < 1improves system tracking performance. Preliminary analysis shows that the new scheme with a projection modification is also robust with respect to external disturbances.
Evaluating service needs in drug-abusing clients.

Patients applying for treatment to the State of Illinois' Chicago Central Intake Facility were interviewed to assess their service needs and treatment expectations; a subgroup was reinterviewed after 4 months. Patients were classified as long-term opiod-dependent, short-term opioid-dependent, or as polydrug nonopiod dependent abusers. We found high levels of housing, employment, and legal needs among all subgroups at both first and second interviews. There were significant differences between drug-use groups in reasons for seeking treatment; opiod-dependent groups gave drug-related reasons more frequently while polydrug abusers cited legal reasons. Length of time patients remained in treatment was not related to service needs.
OBSERVABLE PROPERTIES OF COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION SOURCES

Motivated by recent evidence that the epoch of reionization of hydrogen may have ended at a redshift as low as z ≈ 6, we consider the detectability of the sources responsible for this reionization. The main idea is that reionization places limits on the mean surface brightness of the population of reionization sources. Reducing the number of model-dependent assumptions to a minimum, we discuss the observability of these sources with existing and planned telescopes. We define a family of models characterized by two parameters: the Lyman continuum escape fraction fc from the sources and the clumpiness parameter C of the intergalactic medium. The minimum surface brightness model corresponds to a value of unity for both parameters. We find that the detection of the nonionizing UV continuum of the reionization sources will be difficult to accomplish before the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) if these sources have a mean surface brightness close to the minimum value. However, if the values of fc and C are more realistic, the reionization sources may well be detected by the Hubble Space Telescope before JWST, perhaps by exploiting gravitational lensing amplification by foreground clusters of galaxies. Instead of a detection in the continuum, one may attempt to detect the Lyα emission line by narrowband imaging. Present Lyα searches at z > 6 suggest that either the typical sources are fainter than dwarf galaxies or the escape fraction of ionizing photons is much higher than 50%, so that there are no bright compact H II regions formed around the ionizing sources.
Immunologic effects of cyclophosphamide treatment in rheumatoid arthritis

Nine patients with advanced, active rheumatoid arthritis were treated from 4 to 15 months with cyclophosphamide. Eight of the 9 patients had a good to excellent clinical response. Rheumatoid factor titer, serum immunoglobulins and the in vitro lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and specific antigens decreased with treatment. No direct correlation could be made between the degree of clinical response and the degree of depression of any of the immunologic parameters. The cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of the in vitro lymphocyte response does not appear to be due to a serum factor.
Prostacyclin releases endothelium-derived relaxing factor and potentiates its action in coronary arteries of the pig

Abstract 1. The possible interactions between prostacyclin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor were examined, in isolated coronary arteries of the pig treated with indomethacin (10(-5) M). 2. In organ chamber experiments, prostacyclin caused relaxations, which were potentiated in the presence of the endothelium; the potentiation was abolished by oxyhaemoglobin. 3. In bioassay experiments, prostacyclin caused minimal relaxations of bioassay rings without endothelium; these relaxations were potentiated when the bioassay ring was exposed to basally-released endothelium-derived relaxing factor (interaction between prostacyclin and basal endothelium-derived relaxing factor) and further augmented when the endothelial cells were exposed to the prostanoid (stimulated release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor). The endothelium-dependent, but not the direct effects of prostacyclin were augmented by superoxide dismutase plus catalase and abolished by oxyhaemoglobin. 4. Forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, caused relaxations of rings without endothelium, which were augmented by the presence of the endothelium. 5. The relaxations induced by prostacyclin or forskolin also had an endothelium-dependent component in basilar and femoral arteries and in jugular veins of the pig. 6. The endothelium-dependent actions of prostacyclin probably reflect activation of adenylate cyclase.
Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen containing diamondlike carbon films made by ion beam deposition

Hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated nitrogen containing diamondlike carbon films (NDLC including a-C:N and a-C:N:H) were made in a dual ion beam deposition system. The asdeposited films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERD). The compositional stability of the films at temperatures up to 550°C was examined in situ by both RBS and ERD using a heated sample stage in the scattering chamber. The addition of nitrogen altered the Raman parameters when compared with conventional DLC. At elevated temperatures, the a-C:N films do not suffer nitrogen loss; however, the a-C:N:H films undergo nitrogen and hydrogen loss at 400°C.
Optimization of full-rate full-diversity linear space-time codes using the union bound

Although many space-time codes sacrifice their rate in order to achieve a high diversity order, such a sacrifice is not necessary. Recent work has reported two instances of a linear space-time code that achieves both a full rate of min(t, r) and a full diversity order of tr over a t-input r-output Rayleigh-fading channel (Damen, M.O. et al., IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory, vol.48, no.3, p.753-60, 2002; Ma, X. and Giannakis, G.B., Proc. 2nd Sensor Array and Multichannel SP Workshop, p.442-6, 2002). We show that such full-rate full-diversity codes are plentiful and can, in fact, be found with probability one by randomly choosing an encoding matrix from an ensemble of matrices with orthonormal columns. However, full rate and full diversity does not guarantee good error-rate performance. Different encoding matrices with the same rate and diversity order can have markedly different error rates. We propose the union bound on word-error rate as an optimization metric and perform constrained optimization to find good space-time codes. For the two-input, two-output Rayleigh channel, we present an optimized code that outperforms the previously reported codes by 1.25 dB at 4 b/s/Hz and a frame-error rate of 10/sup -3/.
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION REVISITED: TRANSACTION COSTS, THE SWISS CONFEDERATION OF 1815, AND BEYOND

This study makes use of a political economy/rational choice framework to shed light on the nature of cooperative security arrangements in the international environment. It argues that states choose among security arrangements with varying degrees of structural commitment and that two factors are crucial in explaining the degree of institutionalization elected—the level of threat in the international system and the magnitude of transaction costs. Since there is no common metric, like price, to ascertain the degree of transaction costs that allies are confronted with, the study relies on three proxy measures: uncertainty, heterogeneity, and asset specificity. Focusing on Swiss security provisions at the end of the Napoleonic Wars and drawing on the findings of two security arrangements examined in a larger study—the German Confederation of 1815 and the founding of NATO—the analysis shows that, when exposed to serious external threat and high transaction costs, states give rise to sophisticated, binding security structures. To demonstrate the broad applicability of the transaction costs framework, the concluding section sketches recent integrative moves within the European Union.
"How Did You Learn to Write in English When You Haven't Been Taught in English?": The Language Experience Approach in a Dual Language Program.

The purpose of this article is to describe a supportive cultural and linguistic environment where students are learning a second language naturally. The classroom described is in a school that proposes to implement a dual language approach. The case study reports on the use of language experience and a natural approach to learning languages in a dual language kindergarten class. The importance of trained bilingual education teachers and of dedicated and committed administrative staff to native language instruction is stressed in the article. Above all, the students' ability and pride in their native language and eagerness to learn English is apparent.
Seasonal, interannual and decadal variations in particulate matter concentrations and composition in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean

Abstract The mean distributions of particulate carbon (PC), nitrogen (PN) and phosphorus (PP) in the euphotic zone (EZ) at Sta. ALOHA (22°45′N, 158°W) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) reveal a two-layered system with distinct upper (0–75 m) and lower (75–175 m) EZ dynamics. Particulate matter mean concentrations in the upper EZ were relatively constant with depth, and those in the lower EZ decreased significantly with increasing water depth. The vertical partitioning of particulate matter was approximately 60% in the upper EZ and 40% in the lower EZ. Significant temporal variability, both seasonal and interannual, was observed within both regions. PC and PN inventories in the upper EZ displayed a distinct annual cycle with variable interannual amplitude. The annual cycle was characterized by PC and PN maxima in summer and fall, and minima in winter. PP exhibited a smaller variation with season but also had a distinct wintertime minimum. These variations in particulate matter concentrations were accompanied by seasonal changes in elemental composition; summer and fall conditions were characterized by high C : P and N : P ratios exceeding 140 : 1 and 20 : 1, respectively. It is hypothesized that these concentration and composition patterns result from a net seasonal accumulation of non-living particulate matter throughout the summer and fall periods, and a rapid export during transition to winter conditions. Data also suggest that PN inventories in the NPSG have increased during the past three decades in response to changes in habitat, community composition or both. These temporally decoupled seasonal, interannual and decadal-scale ecological processes will complicate attempts to achieve mass balance or to derive mechanistic biogeochemical models.
THE EFFECT OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE TREATMENT ON NITROGENOUS CONSTITUENTS OF POTATO TUBERS AND ON MINERAL CHANGES IN TUBERS AND SPROUTS

The effect of maleic hydrazide treatment on the contents of total and non-protein nitrogen, protein and minerals was assessed on cortex and pith tissues of two potato varieties (Katahdin and Kennebec) grown at two locations (Long Island and Ithaca, NY). Maleic hydrazide significantly increased (p < 0.01) the total and non-protein nitrogen of cortex tissue but showed no significant effect on protein and mineral contents. Sprouts and bud tissue from Katahdin and Kennebec tubers grown at Ithaca were assessed for mineral composition. In both varieties the amounts of calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc in sprouts were significantly increased (p < 0.01) by maleic hydrazide treatment. No significant effect of MH on mineral content of bud tissue was observed.
Polyphosphate binds with high affinity to exosite II of thrombin

Summary. Background: Polyphosphate (a linear polymer of inorganic phosphate) is secreted from platelet dense granules, and we recently showed that it accelerates factor V activation by thrombin. Objective: To examine the interaction of polyphosphate with thrombin. Methods and Results: Thrombin, but not prothrombin, altered the electrophoretic migration of polyphosphate in gel mobility assays. Thrombin binding to polyphosphate was influenced by ionic strength, and was evident even in plasma. Two positively charged exosites on thrombin mediate its interactions with other proteins and accessory molecules: exosite I (mainly with thrombin substrates), and exosite II (mainly with certain anionic polymers). Free thrombin, thrombin in complex with hirudin’s C-terminal dodecapeptide and γ-thrombin all bound polyphosphate similarly, excluding exosite I involvement. Mutations within exosite II, but not within exosite I, the Na+-binding site or hydrophobic pocket, weakened thrombin binding to polyphosphate as revealed by NaCl dependence. Surface plasmon resonance demonstrated tight interaction of polyphosphate with thrombin (Kd approximately 5 nm) but reduced interaction with a thrombin exosite II mutant. Certain glycosaminoglycans, including heparin, only partially competed with polyphosphate for binding to thrombin, and polyphosphate did not reduce heparin-catalyzed inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin. Conclusion: Polyphosphate interacts with thrombin’s exosite II at a site that partially overlaps with, but is not identical to, the heparin-binding site. Polyphosphate interactions with thrombin may be physiologically relevant, as the polyphosphate concentrations achievable following platelet activation are far above the approximately 5 nmKd for the polyphosphate–thrombin interaction.
Reporting bayesian analyses of clinical trials

Many clinicians wrongly interpret p-values as probabilities that treatment has an adverse effect and confidence intervals as probability intervals. Such inferences can be validly drawn from Bayesian analyses of trial results. These analyses use the data to update the prior (or pre-trial) beliefs to give posterior (or post-trial) beliefs about the magnitude of a treatment effect. However, for these methods to gain acceptance in the medical literature, understanding between statisticians and clinicians of the issues involved in choosing appropriate prior distributions for trial reporting needs to be reached. I focus on two types of prior that deserve consideration. The first is the non-informative prior giving standardized likelihood distributions as post-trial probability distributions. Their use is unlikely to be controversial among statisticians whilst being intuitively appealing to clinicians. The second type of prior has a spike of probability mass at the point of no treatment effect. Varying the magnitude of the spike illustrates the sensitivity of the conclusions drawn to the degree of prior scepticism in a treatment effect. With both, graphical displays provide clinical readers with the opportunity to explore the results more fully. An example of how a clinical trial might be reported in the medical literature using these methods is given.
Food Prices and Obesity: Evidence and Policy Implications for Taxes and Subsidies

Pricing policies have been posited as potential policy instruments to address the increasing prevalence of obesity. This article examined empirical evidence regarding the food and restaurant price sensitivity of weight outcomes based on a literature search to identify peer-reviewed English-language articles published between 1990 and 2008. Studies were identified from the Medline, PubMed, Econlit, and PAIS databases. The studies reviewed showed that when statistically significant associations were found between food and restaurant prices (taxes) and weight outcomes, the effects were generally small in magnitude, although in some cases they were larger for lowﾖsocioeconomic status (SES) populations and for those at risk for overweight or obesity.
Evidence for immiscibility in Ti-rich garnet in a calc-silicate hornfels from northeastern Minnesota

Calcic garnet from a calc-silicate hornfels from the contact-metamorphic aureole of the Duluth complex, northeastern Minnesota, has Ti02 compositions ranging from 0 to 13 wt%. The concentrations of Fe, Mg, AI, Ti, and Si are highly correlated, and 93% of the total variance can be ascribed to three principal components formed by the additive component grossular and several exchange components. The first is a combination of the exchangesTiSL I' MgTiAL2, and MgCa_l. The second represents the substitutions of Al for Fe and of Fe for Ca. The third represents the substitution of Cr for AI. Most of the variance occurs along a linear trend from Ca3AI1.72Feo.28Si3012 to Ca3M&.33Alo.67Feo.67 Ti1.0Si2.33012'Within this trend, a gap in composition occurs between 6 and 12 wt% Ti02. Separate grains of Ti-rich and Ti-poor garnet occur in contact with sharp boundaries. No exsolution lamellae were observed, however. Immiscibility appears to be blocked by the presence of Cr.
Evaluation of Egg Injection of Folic Acid and Effect of Supplemental Folic Acid on Hatchability and Poult Weight

Abstract Two experiments were conducted with Large White turkey hens housed individually in cages in a conventional house. In Experiment 1, three dietary treatments were used: an unsupplemented practical corn-soybean meal basal diet; the basal diet supplemented with 2.64 mg folic acid/kg of diet; and the basal diet supplemented with 5.51 mg folic acid/kg of diet. Eggs from hens fed 2.64 mg folic acid/kg of diet were injected with folic acid in 20 injection trials over two production cycles. The response data from dietary supplemental folic acid were analyzed on a production period basis using all of the hens, and on a subset of hens producing eggs in each production period, for hatchability of fertile eggs and poult weight. The response patterns in each case were similar. Incremental dietary supplemental folic acid levels produced a positive linear response pattern on the transfer of folic acid in eggs, but did not result in a hatchability increase over the unsupplemented folic acid basal diet. Hatchability increase did not occur for eggs injected at 25 days of incubation with 19.3 μg folic acid per egg in 20 injection trials over two cycles of production. The results of the study indicate that hatchability is not increased in turkey eggs from hens fed supplemental folic acid or with egg folic acid injections. However, egg and poult weights were significantly increased (P
Pneumomediastinum As a Cause of Dysphagia and Pseudodysphagia

Two patients, a 24-year-old woman and an 18-year-old man, presented with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections and the sudden onset of discomfort in the throat. Although the woman was originally thought to have globus hystericus, both proved to have a pneumomediastinum. Pneumomediastinum has not generally been included in the differential diagnosis of discomfort in the throat. The pathology, symptoms, signs, and treatment of pneumomediastinum are discussed.
Generalization of Rateless Codes for Unequal Error Protection and Recovery Time: Asymptotic Analysis

In this paper, we propose rateless codes that provide unequal error protection (UEP) property. We analyze the asymptotic properties of these codes under the iterative decoding algorithm. We further verify our work with simulations. The simulation results indicate that the proposed codes have strong UEP property. Moreover, the UEP property does not have a considerable drawback on the overall performance of the codes. We also discuss that the proposed codes can provide unequal recovery time (URT). This means that given a target bit error rate, different parts of information bits can be decoded after receiving different amounts of encoded bits. This implies that the information bits can be recovered in a progressive manner. This URT property may be used for sequential data recovery in video/audio streaming.
A hardware-accelerated ECDLP with high-performance modular multiplication

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) has become a popular public key cryptography standard. The security of ECC is due to the difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). In this paper, we demonstrate a successful attack on ECC over prime field using the Pollard rho algorithm implemented on a hardware-software cointegrated platform. We propose a high-performance architecture for multiplication over prime field using specialized DSP blocks in the FPGA. We characterize this architecture by exploring the design space to determine the optimal integer basis for polynomial representation and we demonstrate an efficient mapping of this design to multiple standard prime field elliptic curves. We use the resulting modular multiplier to demonstrate low-latency multiplications for curves secp112r1 and P-192. We apply our modular multiplier to implement a complete attack on secp112r1 using a Nallatech FSB-Compute platform with Virtex-5 FPGA. The measured performance of the resulting design is 114 cycles per Pollard rho step at 100 MHz, which gives 878 K iterations per second per ECC core. We extend this design to a multicore ECDLP implementation that achieves 14.05M iterations per second with 16 parallel point addition cores.
Precision Electron Flow Measurements in a Disk Transmission Line

There have been several models which have been successful in characterizing many aspects of the electron flow in simple self-insulated geometries. For complicated structures, which are typically found in actual systems, particle-in-cell (PIC) calculations are used. These simulation models have demonstrated a fundamental difficulty in resolving the electron flow in strongly insulated systems. When the electron flow is confined to a very small sheath size, relative to the transmission line gap, finer meshing must be applied near the cathode surface. This increase in cells can lead to inadequate resolution through a process known as “numerical heating”. Precise measurements of these electron flows, typically found in low-impedance driven loads, are essential in providing a benchmark for these widely used simulation techniques. Detailed measurements conducted on a low-impedance disk transmission line provide a useful comparison between the theoretical models and the simulation results. In addition a method for directly measuring the electron current at the load of a strongly insulated system is developed. This would circumvent the difficulty of typical diagnostic methods in resolving these electron flows which are usually minimized for optimal efficiency.
Psychosocial Aspects of AIDS

In May 1981 the first cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in young, formerly healthy homosexual men were reported. Apart from medical problems concerning the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome psychosocial issues play an important role in patient management. Many aspects of AIDS and its treatments are very stressful for the patient. Two important sources of stress are the youth of the population it affects and the high mortality rate. Especially the time when a patient learns about his or her positive HIV-antibody test is often a critical point for psychosocial intervention.
Something to sink your teeth into: The presence of teeth augments ERPs to mouth expressions

Abstract If the whites of the sclera can impact neural processing of eye expressions (Hardee, Thompson, & Puce, 2008; Whalen et al., 1998), do seen teeth affect neural responses to mouth expressions? Twenty participants (10 females; ages 22–31) viewed avatar mouth images depicting grimaces, smiles and open mouth expressions that were presented with and without teeth. A continuous 256 channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while subjects completed two tasks: an implicit task evaluating stimulus color and an explicit task evaluating mouth expression valence. Event related potential (ERP) peak amplitudes and latencies and area under the curve (AUC) were measured in individual subject averaged ERPs. Statistical testing revealed a main effect of the presence of Teeth for P100, N170, and vertex positive potential (VPP) amplitudes and for slow positive wave (SPW) AUC. Task by teeth interactions occurred for P250 amplitude, underscoring how explicit task demands can influence neural processing. Arousal ratings co-varied with teeth presence, suggesting that low-level visual features such as teeth may drive the saliency of emotional expressions, and lie at the core of differences in neural processing to different emotional expressions.
Giant cell interstitial pneumonia in patients without hard metal exposure: analysis of 3 cases and review of the literature

Summary Giant cell interstitial pneumonia is a rare lung disease and is considered pathognomonic for hard metal lung disease, although some cases with no apparent hard metal (tungsten carbide cobalt) exposure have been reported. We aimed to explore the association between giant cell interstitial pneumonia and hard metal exposure. Surgical pathology files from 2001 to 2004 were searched for explanted lungs with the histopathologic diagnosis of giant cell interstitial pneumonia, and we reviewed the associated clinical histories. Mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, and human leukocyte antigen typing data were evaluated. Of the 455 lung transplants, 3 met the histologic criteria for giant cell interstitial pneumonia. Patient 1 was a 36-year-old firefighter, patient 2 was a 58-year-old welder, and patient 3 was a 45-year-old environmental inspector. None reported exposure to hard metal or cobalt dust. Patients 1 and 2 received double lung transplants; patient 3 received a left single-lung transplant. Histologically, giant cell interstitial pneumonia presented as chronic interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis, alveolar macrophage accumulation, and multinucleated giant cells of both alveolar macrophage and type 2 cell origin. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis revealed no cobalt or tungsten particles in samples from the explanted lungs. None of the samples had detectable tungsten levels, and only patient 2 had elevated cobalt levels. The lack of appropriate inhalation history and negative analytical findings in the tissue from 2 of the 3 patients suggests that giant cell interstitial pneumonia is not limited to individuals with hard metal exposure, and other environmental factors may elicit the same histologic reaction.
Gradient tandem mass spectrometry interfaced with ion mobility separation for the characterization of supramolecular architectures.

Traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM MS) was combined with gradient tandem mass spectrometry (gMS2) to deconvolute and characterize superimposed ions with different charges and shapes formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) of self-assembled, hexameric metallomacrocycles composed of terpyridine-based ligands and CdII ions. ESI conditions were optimized to obtain intact hexameric cation assemblies in a low charge state (2+), in order to minimize overlapping fragments of the same mass-to-charge ratio. With TWIM MS, intact hexameric ions could be separated from remaining fragments and aggregates. Collisional activation of these hexameric ions at varying collision energies (gMS2), followed by TWIM separation, was then performed to resolve macrocyclic from linear hexameric species. Because of the different stabilities of these architectures, gMS2 changes their relative amounts, which can be monitored individually after subsequent ion mobility separation. On the basis of this unique strategy, hex...
Interrelationship of murexine, dihydromurexine and human cholinesterases.

Summary1. Murexine (Mur) and dihydromurexine (DhMur) are both hydrolyzed by human plasma cholinesterase. The hydrolysis rate of DhMur is as fast as that of acetylcholine (ACh) and is 18 times faster than that of Mur. 2. Neither Mur nor DhMur are hydrolyzed by human red cell cholinesterase. 3. Both Mur and DhMur inhibit the hydrolysis of ACh by red cell cholinesterase. Mur also inhibits plasma cholinesterase.
Leg ulcers in systemic lupus erythematosus associated with underlying dystrophic calcinosis and bone infarcts in the absence of antiphospholipid antibodies.

Leg ulcers occur in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) owing to vasculitis, antiphospholipid antibodies, and, rarely, pyoderma gangrenosum or calcinosis cutis. We report the unusual case of a 34-year-old woman with chronic SLE without antiphospholipid antibodies, who had a leg ulceration and bone infarction with dystrophic soft tissue calcification throughout the lower extremities.
Deliberation for examine methods and limit of related substances in esmolol hydrochloride injection

This paper briefly discussed and analyzed the determinating method and limit of related substance in es- molol hydrochloride injection,and supplied some suggestions.
Advancing the science and art of orthopaedics. Lessons from history.

President Herndon, Second President- Elect Simon, members of the American Orthopaedic Association, and guests: it is a great honor to be elected President of this Association. I am pleased to accept this distinguished office, but the honor is not mine alone. It also belongs to those who made this possible: the teachers, physicians, and scientists who inspired and prepared me to contribute to the profession of medicine; my faculty colleagues at the University of Iowa, who taught and supported me; my children, Jody, Andrea, and Abigail, who have made being their father easy; and my wife, Kitty, who has encouraged and guided me for nearly thirty years. One of the pleasant tasks of the presidency is selecting the topic for the President-Elect's address. In 1887, the founders of the American Orthopaedic Association dedicated their new Association to advancing the science and art of orthopaedics14,98. Their choice of this purpose, more than a century ago, may seem unimportant now, but thoughtful consideration suggests otherwise. Today, I appreciate the opportunity to comment on the role of science in the development of medicine, orthopaedics in particular, and on the importance of a commitment to advancing the science and art of orthopaedics for our future. At the time that this Association was founded, the American public and medical profession did not recognize orthopaedics as a medical specialty and physicians in the United States did not enjoy their current high social and economic status14,31,92,127. Most physicians in the United States learned medicine and received the title of doctor from proprietary schools. To make the largest possible profit, these schools maximized the number of students and minimized the quality of education. Few faculty members had more than a high-school degree. The schools were not …
Preventing Infections in Children with Cancer

1. Jennifer Lighter-Fisher, MD* 2. Kaitlin Stanley, MD* 3. Michael Phillips, MD† 4. Vinh Pham, MD, PhD† 5. Liana M. Klejmont, PharmD, BCPS‡ 1. *Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY. 2. †Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY. 3. ‡Department of Pharmacy, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY. After completing this article, the reader should be able to: 1. Provide recommendations for bacterial prophylaxis for children experiencing severe and prolonged neutropenia. 2. Screen and recommend prophylaxis against Mycobacterium tuberculosis for children receiving immunosuppressive regimens. 3. Provide recommendations for secondary prophylaxis against Clostridium difficile infection, a common infection causing morbidity in the pediatric oncology population. 4. Recommend appropriate antifungal prophylaxis for pediatric patients who have high-risk cancers. 5. Review primary and second-line options for Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia prophylaxis in children who fail trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy. 6. Prevent reactivation of viral infections in children receiving cancer treatment. 7. Screen for latent parasitic infections in newly diagnosed pediatric oncology patients. 8. Review vaccination regimens for patients receiving oncology treatment as suggested by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clear guidelines exist for the prevention of infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), (1)(2) but there is no guidance regarding prophylactic antimicrobial therapy for pediatric cancer patients receiving systemic chemotherapy. Infection, whether due to bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic pathogens, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. (3)( 4)( 5) For example, more than 60% of children being treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experienced at least 1 microbiologically documented infection during therapy, and the cumulative infectious mortality rate was 11%. (5) Therefore, infection prevention is of the utmost importance. Due to the lack of standard guidelines for infection prevention in most children being treated for cancer, current …
Effects of Biodiesel Contamination on Oxidation and Storage Stability of Neat and Blended Hydroprocessed Renewable Diesel

The present work investigates the effects of biodiesel contamination on conventional and renewable marine diesels, i.e., NATO F-76 and HRD-76. The physical properties and chemical composition of F-76, HRD-76, and biodiesel were measured, including viscosity, density, peroxide value, heat of combustion, and acid number. Long-term (ASTM D4625) and accelerated (ASTM D5304) test methods were used to investigate the influence of biodiesel contamination on storage stability of HRD-76, F-76, and their blends. The impact of biodiesel contamination on oxidation stability of neat and blended fuels was also studied by conducting test ASTM D2274. In addition, the influence of biodiesel contamination on physicochemical properties after stressing the fuel was investigated according to the ASTM methods. The presence of biodiesel at contaminant levels did not have significant effects on the fuel properties or storage and oxidation stability of neat and blended HRD-76 or F-76. Properties of contaminated samples were deter...
Noradrenergic Modulation of Dopamine Transmission Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of the Locus Coeruleus in the Rat Brain

Central norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) are involved in a variety of physiological functions and behaviors. Accumulating evidence suggests that NE neurons originating from the locus coeruleus (LC) innervate DA neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and influence VTA-DA neural activity. However, the underlying mechanisms of how LC-NE regulates DA transmission via VTA-DA neurons remain largely unexplored. Herein, we investigated how electrical stimulation of the LC modulates VTA-DA neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). For this study, catecholamine release in the NAc and VTA evoked by electrical stimulation of the LC in urethane-anesthetized rats was simultaneously monitored with carbon-fiber microelectrodes using in vivo multichannel fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for comparison of its extracellular regulation. Pharmacological, anatomical, and electrochemical evidence suggest that electrical stimulation of the LC evokes NE release in the VTA and activates VTA-DA neurons, resulting in D...
Bringing the corner-store online: the challenges and promises of online customer service

Information technology (IT) enables firms to harness the information-richness of the Internet in order to provide automated customer relationship management. As a result, online customer service is emerging as a promising IT-based alternative to traditional means of customer service, such as branding, telephone customer service, and price discounts. Consequently, the concept of customer acquisition and retention, which has traditionally fallen within the area of marketing, is entering the realm of information systems (IS) design. My dissertation addresses the possibilities and challenges brought about by IT-enabled online customer service mechanisms. This dissertation examines whether firms can use IT-based service mechanisms to differentiate themselves, and therefore charge higher prices. In addition, this dissertation examines how online customer service features affect customer browsing and buying behavior. After a brief introduction chapter, this dissertation addresses the promises and challenges of online customer service in four chapters, each of which covers an aspect of the online customer service experience. Each of the four parts provides academics and practitioners alike useful information towards better understanding the economic and design issues of the online customer service experience. The four aspects of the online customer service experience that this dissertation examines (by chapter) are: (1) The ideal relationship between personalization and price, examined through an analytical model (chapter II); (2) The actual relationship between personalization and price, examined through empirical field data (chapter III); (3) The effect of consumer search behavior and negative online service features on consumer browsing and buying behavior, examined through conversion rate rather than price (chapter IV); (4) The effect of online service features on consumer willingness to share information towards personalization, examined through survey data (chapter V). The effects of the online experience that are documented in this dissertation are truly unique, and are an emergent trend in electronic business frontiers. Through the use of online customer service mechanisms, firms are able to charge a systematic price premium for certain categories of homogenous goods. In addition, online customer service mechanisms have differing effects on consumer behavior when provided by market leaders versus followers. Lastly, firms can encourage consumers to share their information online through the use of information transparency features.
Recommendations: Working with Girls of Color Around Issues of Sexuality, Sexualization, and Sex Education

We finish the book with recommendation about how those in agencies that provide counseling or education, teachers, sex educators, and communities might respond to girls of color and their need for sex education and positive messaging about sexuality. Our recommendations address media sexualization and objectification; how sex education classes can be sensitive to the needs of girls of color; and how sex educators, parents, and others can support the complex sexual development that occurs in adolescence
Detection of Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells by the polymerase chain reaction following bone marrow transplant for chronic myelogenous leukemia

Sixteen patients treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bcr/abl-specific RNA transcripts at various time points after BMT. In reconstitution experiments, one CML cell per million normal mononuclear cells could be detected by direct agarose gel visualization of a bcr/abl-specific band following PCR. Bcr/abl message was found in ten out of 16 patients post-BMT. PCR- positive bcr/abl was present only transiently in three patients and correlated with relapse in three. One patient died in clinical remission, while two patients remain in remission despite persistence of bcr/abl-positive abl-positive cells at 180 days. Long-term follow-up of bcr/abl-positive patients in clinical remission may provide insight into the fate or residual Ph+ cells after BMT. This approach may aid in the identification of high-risk patients likely to relapse post-BMT.
Feasibility study of using two 3-D position sensitive CZT detectors for small animal PET

An experimental small animal PET using two 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe detectors was developed and tested. Each 1.5/spl times/1.5/spl times/1 cm/sup 3/ CdZnTe detector employs 11 by 11 pixellated anodes wire-bonded to the VAS3.1/TAT3/MCR3 readout electronics. Each detector can obtain the deposited energy and 3-D coordinates for single-pixel and multiple-pixel events. Both systems achieved energy resolutions of better than 1.0% FWHM at 662 ReV for single-pixel events and better than 1.5% FWHM at 662 ReV for two-pixel events. The position resolution of each detector was estimated to be /spl sim/1.3/spl times/1.3/spl times/0.5 mm/sup 3/. Modifications to the firmware of the readout board and additions of custom-built circuitry enabled coincidence measurement between two 3-D CdZnTe detector systems using VAS3.1/TAT3/MCR3 readout systems. Spatial resolution improvements by using depth of interaction (DOI) and by identifying the first interaction using Compton scattering angle reconstruction are reported and discussed.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is defined as an infection of ascites fluid, typically in the setting of bacterial gut translocation in patients with cirrhosis and ascites, and without another explanation for peritonitis. SBP is a major source of morbidity and mortality among patients with cirrhosis and requires a high clinical suspicion by the treating practitioner followed by diagnostic paracentesis and prompt initiation of antibiotics to prevent complications. This chapter reviews the pathogenesis and precipitating risk factors leading to the development of SBP, followed by a discussion of clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation for patients suspected of having SBP. The remainder of the chapter focuses on treatment principles for an acute episode of SBP as well as strategies and guidelines for patients at high risk of SBP who may benefit from prophylaxis.
A Distribution Level Wide Area Monitoring System for the Electric Power Grid–FNET/GridEye

The wide area monitoring system (WAMS) is considered a pivotal component of future electric power grids. As a pilot WAMS that has been operated for more than a decade, the frequency monitoring network FNET/GridEye makes use of hundreds of global positioning system-synchronized phasor measurement sensors to capture the increasingly complicated grid behaviors across the interconnected power systems. In this paper, the FNET/GridEye system is overviewed and its operation experiences in electric power grid wide area monitoring are presented. Particularly, the implementation of a number of data analytics applications will be discussed in details. FNET/GridEye lays a firm foundation for the later WAMS operation in the electric power industry.