cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benzyl viologen cation radical: first example of a perfectly selective anion ionophore of the carrier type.

Abstract Measurements were made of the effect of dicationic (oxidized) and monocationic radical (reduced) forms of benzyl viologen (BV) and methyl viologen (MV) on the ion conductance across planar phospholipid bilayers under conditions of constant voltage. BV+ at 60 μM greatly increased ion conductance whereas BV2+, MV+ and MV2+ did not. Ion permeability ratios relative to nitrate were determined in the BV+ system. BV+ appears to be the first example of a perfectly anion-selective ionophore of the carrier type. BV+ probably functions both as an electron carrier and ionophore for nitrate while catalyzing the dithionite-nitrate reductase reaction in Paracoccus denitrificans .
Capped semiconductor colloids: Synthesis and photochemistry of CdS capped SnO2 nanocrystallites

Cds-capped SnO2 (CdS@SnO2) and SiO2 (CdS@SiO2) colloids of 50–80 A in diameter have been prepared in aqueous medium. Significant quenching of CdS emission is observed in the CdS@SnO2 system as the electrons are injected from the excited CdS shell into the SnO2 core. Photoinduced charge separation in this system also results in transient bleaching in the 450 nm region. Picosecond laser flash photolysis studies of composite semiconductor nanoclusters that highlight the effect of the metal oxide core on the photophysical properties of the outer CdS shell are described.
Simulations of the Tilted Rig Experiment Using the xRAGE and FLAG Hydrocodes

The tilted rig experiment is a derivative of the rocket rig experiment designed to study mixing of fluids by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. In this experiment, a tank containing two fluids of different densities is accelerated downwards between two parallel guide rods by a rocket motor. The rocket rig is inclined by a few degrees off the vertical to force a two-dimensional Rayleigh–Taylor instability. Thus, the tilted rig experiment can help calibrate two-dimensional mixing models. Simulations of the tilted rig experiments using two of Los Alamos National Laboratory’s hydrocodes are reported. Both codes, xRAGE and FLAG, are multidimensional, multimaterial, massively parallel, hydrodynamics codes that solve the Euler equations. xRAGE operates in an Eulerian framework, while FLAG operates in an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) framework, with a Lagrange step followed by mesh relaxation and remapping. Direct comparisons between simulations and experimental results are reported, as well as report the behavior of the variable-density turbulence models implemented in the codes.© 2012 ASME
LUNG CuZn-SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE GENE EXPRESSION AFTER INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION OF ANTIOXIDANT-SURFACTANT LIPOSOMES. † 2115

Tolerance to oxidant injury requires the accumulation of increased amounts of antioxidant enzymes. Surfactant liposomes, encapsulating CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and catalase, increase alveolar type II cell antioxidant activity and protect cells against oxidant stress (AJP 1993;265:L330). Intratracheal instillation of antioxidant-surfactant liposomes increases lung antioxidant activity in preterm rabbits (AJP 1995;269:L613). However, exogenous antioxidant enzymes may inhibit endogenous antioxidant enzyme synthesis. We treated preterm rabbits, born by cesarean section on day 28 of gestation, intratracheally with antioxidant-surfactant liposomes or air placebo at birth and exposed them to hyperoxia for 24 hours. Total lung RNA was isolated using the guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform method, run on formaldehyde-agarose gels, and blotted onto nylon membranes. Rat lung CuZn-SOD cDNA (JCI 1989;83:1241) was used as a template for RNA transcription using SP6 RNA Polymerase and α[32P]CTP. CuZn-SOD cRNA (≈0.7 kb) was hybridized with total lung RNA, analyzed by autoradiography, and CuZn-SOD mRNA levels were quantified by densitometry. Total lung SOD activity in pups treated with antioxidant-surfactant liposomes was 72% higher than in air placebo controls, but lung CuZn-SOD mRNA quantities were similar in both groups. These data suggest that intratracheal instillation of CuZn-SOD does not affect its endogenous production in the fetal lung.
Development of a localized probabilistic sensitivity method to determine random variable regional importance

Abstract Knowledge of the critical region of an input pdf (tail, near-tail, central region) can provide valuable information towards understanding and improving a model through additional modeling or testing. A localized probabilistic sensitivity method was developed and demonstrated that will determine the region of a probability distribution that most affects the response. The methodology is based on discretizing the random variable pdfs using linear interpolation then sequentially injecting a localized disturbance into the pdf. A partial derivative of the probability-of-failure or the response moments (mean and standard deviation) with respect to each localized disturbance can be determined using sampling methods. The methodology can correctly locate the important region given sufficient samples.
The identity and witness of Arab pre-Islamic Arab Christianity: The Arabic language and the Bible

This article argues that Arab Christianity has had a unique place in the history of World Christianity. Rooted in a biblical witness, the origins and history of Arab Christianity have been largely forgotten or ignored. This is not primarily as a result of the fact that the Arab Christian historical legacy has been overcome by Islam. Rather, unlike other early Christian communities, the Bible was never translated into the vernacular of the Arabs. By the 7th century the language of the Qur’an became the primary standard of the Arabic language, which then became the written religious text of the Arabs. This article will explore the identity and witness of the Christian presence in Arabia and claims that the development of an Arabic Bible provides a unique counter-example to what most missiologists have assumed as the basis for the spread of the Christian faith as a result of the translation of the Christian scriptures into a vernacular.
Long-term persistence of symptoms.

Objectives : To provide a brief review of cognitive changes, fatigue, lymphedema, and peripheral neuropathy as persistent symptoms, and provide assessment and management information. Data Sources : Published articles and research studies. Conclusions : As the number of people surviving cancer for extended periods of time continues to increase, the phenomenon of symptoms that persist following the completion of treatment is being recognized. Implications for Nursing Practice : Research is needed to provide adequate knowledge about symptoms that persist following cancer treatment.
The development and impact of an experimental student affairs employee wellness program

With limited funds available to sufficiently reward employees, alternative employment benefits are receiving increased attention. This paper describes the development and impact of a pilot Student Affairs employee wellness program. The overriding goals of the program were (1) to provide a recognized employment benefit and (2) to demonstrate the administration's concern for the staff's welfare. A two-pronged approach including physical fitness activities and health education programs was used to achieve these goals and other more specific objectives. Released time from work and minimal cost to the employee were pivotal components of the program. The results of participant and control group pre- and posttest surveys, physiological tests, program evaluations, and an analysis of personnel records clearly demonstrated the value of the program.
Osmium isotopes in Grande Comore lavas: A new extreme among a spectrum of EM-type mantle endmembers

Osmium isotopes for volcanic rocks from Grande Comore, the youngest island of the Comores Archipelago, located between East Africa and Madagascar, show systematic differences between the two volcanoes of the island. 187Os/188Os ratios (0.15–0.16) in shield-stage alkali basalts from Karthala are among the highest yet measured in ocean island basalts with > 40 ppt Os. They are uniform over the whole range of Os abundances of 20–100 ppt and form nearly linear correlations with 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd and 3He/4He ratios. In contrast, 187Os/188Os ratios in alkaline lavas from La Grille volcano are more variable (0.129–0.159) and negatively correlate with Os abundances, but not with Sr–Nd–He isotope ratios. Os isotope variability of La Grille samples is consistent with shallow contamination of mantle xenolith-bearing lavas with low 187Os/188Os lithospheric mantle and contamination of low Os magmas with high 187Os/188Os crust. Karthala magmas are free of such shallow contamination despite the lower Os concentration in some of its lavas. 187Os/188Os ratios (excluding contaminated samples) indicate that Grande Comore lavas represent mixtures between melts from the Comores plume and the oceanic lithospheric mantle, with La Grille mostly lithosphere-derived and Karthala plume-derived. The inferred isotopic composition of the metasomatized hydrous lithosphere is typical of the upper mantle. The high 187Os/188Os ratio (0.159) of the Comores plume endmember requires dominance of pyroxenite (estimated to be ~ 60%) over peridotite in the melt source. The Comores plume forms yet another extreme among ocean island basalts in Sr–Nd–Pb–He–Os isotope space. In the global context, individual islands with enriched mantle affinities trend towards their own unique enriched mantle endmember. The global data thus do not support the existence of narrowly defined EMI and EMII components [Zindler and Hart (1986), Chemical Geodynamics. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 14, 493–571] but rather indicate that enriched components in the mantle exhibit a spectrum of mantle endmembers.
An Exploration of Nonsexual Dual Relationships in Rural Public Child Welfare Settings

ABSTRACT It is widely recognized that dual relationships can be especially problematic in rural settings, but there has been limited study of this topic. This exploratory study considered responses of 43 employees of two rural child welfare agencies to social worker-initiated nonsexual dual relationship situations. Findings suggest that, while age and degree do not significantly influence one's view of ethicality, years of full-time social work experience does. Agreement was found highest in response to scenarios of “inviting clients to a personal party or social event” and “selling a product to a client.” Implications for future research are explored.
Generation of Mechanical Forces in Phagocytosing Amoebae: Light and Electron Microscopic Study1

Cells of Amoeba proteus and Chaos carolinensis that were in the process of phagocytosing large prey organisms were studied to find a structural basis for the generation of mechanical forces exerted by newly forming food cups. It was found that the food-cup walls facing prey organisms have a more prominent network of thin filaments inside the plasmalemma and that the glycocalyx covering the area is more condensed than usual.
Android Shape Independent of Aerobic Fitness: A Risk Factor for Low Bone Mineral Content in Overweight and Obese Latina Women

Objective: The link between central adiposity and osteopenia has not been extensively studied in Latina women. In particular, the association between abdominal weight and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), independent of total weight and aerobic capacity, remains uncertain, especially in overweight and obese individuals. Methods: Trunk weight, total body fat mass, fat-free mass, BMC, and BMD of 33 premenopausal Latina women age 22 to 51 years from Los Angeles, California were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Waist circumference (WC) was measured without clothing at the smallest circumference of the torso. Peak aerobic capacity (peak VO2) was determined by treadmill ergometry with direct measurement of oxygen consumption. Results: Partial correlations controlling for total body fat mass, fat-free mass, and peak VO2 revealed a significant inverse relationship between BMC and WC (r = -0.54, P , 0.05) but not between BMD and WC (r = -0.18, P = 0.41). Similarly, while controlling for total body fat, fat-free mass, and peak VO2, BMC was inversely associated with trunk fat (r = -0.75, P , 0.001), with trunk lean (r = -0.61, P , 0.05) and with total trunk weight (r = -0.75, P , 0.001); results were non-significant for BMD. When these analyses were repeated separately in overweight (n = 10) versus in the obese (n = 18) women, inverse relationships between BMC and trunk fat as well as between BMC and total trunk weight became stronger in the obese compared with the overweight women. Conclusion: Although general obesity may prevent osteoporosis, these findings suggest that abdominal obesity (ie, trunk weight) specifically and independently may adversely influence bone mass.
Calibration of the RICE RF antennas

We derive a complex transmission equation and present a method of antenna calibration, for purposes of predicting signal shape (i.e. voltage amplitude in the time domain) resulting from broadband electromagnetic waves incident on a receiving antenna. This is applicable for radio frequency detectors in situations where the incident field due to events under investigation is predicted by other models, and sensitivity of the detectors to these events must be determined, as is the case for the RICE (Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment) detector. The results and techniques presented are of general interest for their simplicity, and ease of implementation. The complex transmission equation presented here is analogous to the Friis Transmission Formula which is familiar in antenna literature. However, the former, unlike the latter, retains phase information required for predicting signal shape in the time domain.
Resveratrol and Red Wine Extracts Inhibit the Growth of CagA+ Strains of Helicobacter pylori In Vitro

TO THE EDITOR: In 1994, Helicobacter pylori was classified as a group I carcinogen and a definite cause of gastric cancer in humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (1). Since then, H. pylori has been epidemiologically linked to adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach (2, 3), and a recent study has also found a positive association between H. pylori infection and colorectal adenomas (4). CagA is the strain-specific H. pylori gene that has been linked to the development of premalignant and malignant histological lesions (5). Thus, susceptibility of cagA+ H. pylori strains is of note because, as compared with cagA– strains, infections caused by cagA+ strains significantly increase the risk for developing severe gastric inflammation, atrophic gastritis, and noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma (5). Previously, we have demonstrated that resveratrol, a stilbene from red wine, inhibited the growth of 15 clinical strains of H. pylori in vitro and suggested that the anti–H. pylori activity of resveratrol may play a role in its chemopreventative effects (6). In this investigation, the antibacterial activities of two red wine extracts (Pinot Noir) and resveratrol were assessed against five cagA+ H. pylori strains: accession numbers M23-3, GTD7-13, G1-1, SS1 (Sydney Strain cagA+), and the ATCC 43504 (Rockville, MD) possessing the cagA+ gene and expressing vacuolating cytotoxin. The H. pylori cagA+ strains were obtained from Drs. Richard Peek and Dawn Israel, Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN. Susceptibility testing was performed with the agar dilution procedure, and all other methods were as previously described (6). Red wine extracts (Pinot Noir) were prepared, one by concentrating and drying under reduced pressure, and the second by separating the alcohol-soluble and -insoluble components. The second extract was prepared by dissolving 1500 ml of red wine in 3 L of methanol, concentrating under reduced pressure, filtering, and collecting both the filtrate (alcohol soluble) and the particulate matter (alcohol insoluble). The filtrate was termed a methanol-soluble extract, and the particulate matter was termed a methanol-insoluble extract. The methanol-soluble extract was not active in our assay at concentrations up to 500 μg/ml. However, both the methanol-insoluble and the concentrated red wine extracts were active against all cagA+ HP strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 25 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively (range of 25–50 μg/ml). Resveratrol was also active against all five strains, with an MIC of 12.5 μg/ml (range of 6.25–25 μg/ml). The control drug, amoxicillin, had an MIC range of 0.0039 to 0.25 μg/ml. These data demonstrate that both red wine and resveratrol inhibit the growth of H. pylori cagA+ strains in vitro and further support their role as chemopreventive agents.
A complete family of quasi-orthogonal space-time codes

For two-transmitter systems, there are (full-rate) orthogonal space-time block codes (O-STBC). For four-transmitter systems, there are (full-rate) quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (QO-STBC). The orthogonality of such codes makes a decoder attractively simple with only little compromise of optimality of coding performance. A complete family of O-STBC is well understood. But for QO-STBC, only ad hoc examples have been reported in the literature. In this paper, we provide a systematic construction of a complete family of 4 /spl times/ 4 QO-STBC. We show that there are only three independent QO-STBC and all other QO-STBC can be constructed by trivial variations of any three independent codes. Indeed, all 4 /spl times/ 4 QO-STBC in the literature can be constructed in such a way. Furthermore, we show a connection between three independent QO-STBC and the Hurwitz-Radon families of matrices. A complete set of the HR families of size four is also discovered.
Complications of short term multilumen central venous cannulation in children—a prospective study

Summary A prospective study of the incidence of complications, when using multiple lumen central venous catheters in a paediatric intensive care unit, undertook to survey the normal practice of central venous cannulation at the Birmingham Children's Hospital, using a variety of devices and approaches over a period of a year from May 1991. Ninety five percent of the total of 252 devices used were triple lumen, the rest being double lumen catheters. There were 19 failures to secure access at the initial site chosen, but central venous access was secured in all cases. The complication rate during insertion was 18.5%. There were three major and 20 minor non-infective complications with a total incidence of 7.9%. Twenty seven cases (10.8%) suffered infective complications. The incidence of all complications were comparable to those obtained in studies involving the use of single lumen devices. This fact, coupled with the high success rate in catheter placement by operators of varying experience, suggests that multiple lumen central venous devices can be considered as a safe alternative to single lumen catheters for short term use in children.
Expert elicitation and Bayesian analysis of construction contract risks: an investigation

Formal risk analysis techniques applied in managing construction project risks tend to focus on risks that lend themselves to ‘objective’ methods of economic analysis. Although subjective probabilities and Bayesian methods are applied successfully in other industries to manage ‘subjective’ risks similar to those encountered in construction contracts, very little is reported on the application of such methods for analysing risks in construction contracts. An investigation has been carried out into using subjective expert opinions and Bayesian methods in construction contract risk analysis. The elicitation of expert opinions about the risk of encountering adverse ground conditions on construction sites is examined. Prior distributions of expert opinions about the risk form the critical component in the Bayesian analysis of risk. The conclusion of this is that although construction professionals have difficulty estimating intermediate and tail values of probability distributions, elicitation techniques can b...
Silver(I) Hexafluoroantimonate

[26042-64-8] AgF6Sb (MW 343.62) InChI = 1S/Ag.6FH.Sb/h;6*1H;/q+1;;;;;;;+5/p-6 InChIKey = GSXFODUDOAXUBF-UHFFFAOYSA-H (metathetical reagent with organic1 and organometallic halides; mild Lewis acid catalyst for rearrangement of α-halo ketones,3 pinacols,4 epoxides,5 and propargyl esters6) Physical Data: white crystalline powder; d = 4.75 g cm−3.23 Solubility: sol (and forms 1∶2 complexes with) benzene, toluene, xylene;24 sol nitromethane, liq SO2;7 insol HF, petroleum ether.7, 25 Form Supplied in: anhydrous white powder; commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: the SbF6− ion can be determined as the nitron salt.26 Preparative Methods: has been made from SbF3 (or Sb2O3), AgCl, and Bromine Trifluoride,27 but is more readily prepared by reacting Antimony(V) Fluoride and Silver(I) Fluoride in anhydrous HF at −78 to 0 °C, washing with pet ether, and drying in vacuo.7 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: this heavy metal salt is hygroscopic, light sensitive, and very corrosive. Storage in tightly sealed, opaque bottles in a moisture-free atmosphere is recommended. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents; decomposition products include HF.28 Reactions should be performed in a well-ventilated fume hood.
Radiogenomics and imaging phenotypes in glioblastoma: novel observations and correlation with molecular characteristics.

Radiogenomics is a provocative new area of research based on decades of previous work examining the association between radiological and histological features. Many generalized associations have been established linking anatomical imaging traits with underlying histopathology, including associations between contrast-enhancing tumor and vascular and tumor cell proliferation, hypointensity on pre-contrast T1-weighted images and necrotic tissue, and associations between hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and edema or nonenhancing tumor. Additionally, tumor location, tumor size, composition, and descriptive features tend to show significant associations with molecular and genomic factors, likely related to the cell of origin and growth characteristics. Additionally, physiologic MRI techniques also show interesting correlations with underlying histology and genomic programs, including associations with gene expression signatures and histological subtypes. Future studies extending beyond simple radiology–histology associations are warranted in order to establish radiogenomic analyses as tools for prospectively identifying patient subtypes that may benefit from specific therapies.
Medical errors in neurosurgery.

Background: Medical errors cause nearly 100,000 deaths per year and cost billions of dollars annually. In order to rationally develop and institute programs to mitigate errors, the relative frequency and costs of different errors must be documented. This analysis will permit the judicious allocation of scarce healthcare resources to address the most costly errors as they are identified. Methods: Here, we provide a systematic review of the neurosurgical literature describing medical errors at the departmental level. Eligible articles were identified from the PubMed database, and restricted to reports of recognizable errors across neurosurgical practices. We limited this analysis to cross-sectional studies of errors in order to better match systems-level concerns, rather than reviewing the literature for individually selected errors like wrong-sided or wrong-level surgery. Results: Only a small number of articles met these criteria, highlighting the paucity of data on this topic. From these studies, errors were documented in anywhere from 12% to 88.7% of cases. These errors had many sources, of which only 23.7-27.8% were technical, related to the execution of the surgery itself, highlighting the importance of systems-level approaches to protecting patients and reducing errors. Conclusions: Overall, the magnitude of medical errors in neurosurgery and the lack of focused research emphasize the need for prospective categorization of morbidity with judicious attribution. Ultimately, we must raise awareness of the impact of medical errors in neurosurgery, reduce the occurrence of medical errors, and mitigate their detrimental effects.
Box Spline Reconstruction On The Face-Centered Cubic Lattice

We introduce and analyze an efficient reconstruction algorithm for FCC-sampled data. The reconstruction is based on the 6-direction box spline that is naturally associated with the FCC lattice and shares the continuity and approximation order of the triquadratic B-spline. We observe less aliasing for generic level sets and derive special techniques to attain the higher evaluation efficiency promised by the lower degree and smaller stencil-size of the C1 6-direction box spline over the triquadratic B-spline.
Development of parathyroid hormone- and calcitonin-activated adenylate cyclases in embryonic chicken limb and in cultured cells from embryonic chicken limb.

Abstract Activation of adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin was measured as a function of stage of development in embryonic chicken limb buds. Responsiveness to both hormones develops in the tissue at the time when nascent bone is forming. In addition, a temporal sequence of development of hormone response was observed, with a PTH-activated adenylate cyclase appearing earlier than the calcitonin-activated enzyme. The responsiveness to the two hormones was additive, indicating the presence of two receptor populations. Undifferentiated cells obtained from limb buds prior to appearance of hormonal responsiveness were cultured and were found to develop a PTH-activated adenylate cyclase in vitro. However, a calcitonin-stimulated enzyme did not appear in such cultures. The PTH-activated enzyme was found to be similar to that present in bone in regard to its sensitivity to PTH. The enzyme did not respond to other hormones, and myoblast cultures did not develop a PTH-activated adenylate cyclase, indicating that a true bone adenylate cyclase was being measured.
A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate.

Aquatic organisms accumulate metals from dissolved and particulate phases. Dietborne metal uptake likely prevails in nature, but the physiological processes governing metal bioaccumulation from diet are not fully understood. We characterize dietborne copper, cadmium, and nickel uptake by a freshwater gastropod (Lymnaea stagnalis) both in terms of biodynamics and membrane transport characteristics. We use enriched stable isotopes to trace newly accumulated metals from diet, determine food ingestion rate (IR) and estimate metal assimilation efficiency (AE). Upon 18-h exposure, dietborne metal influx was linear over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations. Dietary metal uptake rate constants (kuf) ranged from 0.104 to 0.162 g g−1 day−1, and appeared to be an expression of transmembrane transport characteristics. Although kuf values were 1000-times lower than uptake rate constants from solution, biodynamic modeling showed that diet is the major Cd, Cu, and Ni source in nature. AE varied slightl...
A World Tour of Selected Intervention Programs for Children of a Parent with a Psychiatric Illness

Developmental risks for children of a parent with a mental illness include an increased risk for acquiring a psychiatric illness, such as major depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia. Although children’s developmental risks and needs for support are often unrecognized and unmet, some innovative programs to enhance child resilience are developing in many countries of the world. Drawn from a purposive sample of websites, literature databases, and contact with key informants, 21 programs for children are identified and described. The programs are variable by target, approach, and intervention. Policy, practice, and research recommendations are offered that could help to meet the needs of children of a parent with a psychiatric illness and their families.
Synergistic effect of interleukin-2 and a vaccine of irradiated melanoma cells transfected to secrete staphylococcal enterotoxin A

We have previously reported that immunization of mice with melanoma cells transfected to secrete the superantigen, Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), increased the production of antibodies to the B700 melanoma antigen, stimulated the production of endogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2), activated the expression of CD4, CD8 and CD25 T cell markers and enhanced NK cell activity. Now we show that immunization of mice with a vaccine of irradiated sea-transfected melanoma cells coupled with IL-2 therapy was even more effective in inhibiting the growth of primary melanoma tumors and the development of lung metastases than was the irradiated melanoma cell vaccine alone or IL-2 alone. The morphological and immunological effectiveness of the therapy was dose-dependent on IL-2.
Expanding Our Understanding of Kairos: Tracing Moral Panic and Risk Perception in the Debate over the Minnesota Sex Offender Program

The Minnesota Sex Offender Program (MSOP) offers treatment to sex offenders civilly confined after they complete their prison sentences. In this article, we enhance the notion of kairos in rhetorical situations with the perceptions of risk and the sociological concept of moral panic by tracing three kairotic moments involving MSOP: the 1992 Dennis Linehan civil commitment case; the 2003 murder of college student Dru Sjodin; and the 2012 provisional discharge of Clarence Opheim. We examine the political, public, and media response to these events and provide the results of 21 interviews with stakeholders. In doing so, we hope to illustrate how moral panic and risk perception can so influence what seems the right choice at the right time that stakeholders may get caught in what we call kairotic cycles, where solutions to a problem are stymied by competing perceptions and by entrenched positions that reoccur over time and without resolution.
Observing Optically Challenging Objects with Structured Light

Structured light is a common tool to observe the 3D shape of objects. However, most of these sensor systems assume that the objects scatter light diffusely and that there is only a moderate amount of ambient light. They are not able to deal with specular or transparent objects or with the ambient lighting from direct sunlight. We have built a scanning laser line striper that works even in bright sunlight and is able to observe optically challenging objects. In this paper we will show how the sensor can be used to measure the 3D shape of reflective objects and objects behind a semi-transparent plane.
Survey on HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and HIV Infection Among Male Attendants at STD Clinics in Gejiu City,2009-2011

Objective To understand HIV infection and epidemic trend among male attendants at STD clinics,so as to offer scientific basis for carrying out targeted publicity and intervention. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among male patients over 15 years old at STD clinics during 2009-2011,and blood specimens were collected to detect HIV and HCV and TP serology. Results A total of 1 159 male attendants were surveyed STD clinics during 2009-2011.The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was 64.88%.The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge respectively was 65.18%,79.25% and 50.25% during 2009-2011;42.02% of the monitoring objects had commercial behavior in recent 3 months;The monitoring objects with more than 2 temporary sex companions accounted for 54.77%.15 male attendants had a history of injecting drug use,accounting for 1.29%.0.86% had homosexual anal sex history.19.93% had sexually transmitted diseases in recent years(gonorrhea 106,acutenesswetwart 50,genitalherpes 33).68.68% male attendants accepted HIV/AIDS intervention practices in recent years.1 159 male attendants were tested HIV,HCV,TP.Antibody positive rates respectively were 1.38%,5.09%,and 1.64%. Conclusion The HIV detection rate is higher and the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge is lower among male patients atn STD clinics in Gejiu city,2009-2011.
Analysis on Monitoring Results of Iodine Deficiency Disease after Attaining the Phased Objective in Anyang City

[Objective] To study the tendency of Iodine Deficiency Disease(IDD)after attaining the phased objective of IDD control,provide the scientific basis for prevention and control.[Methods] The monitoring data of IDD during 2001—2006 were collected,and the data were evaluated with the goiter rate of children aged 8 ~ 10 years old,qualified rate of iodized salt,urinary iodine level and the health educational questionnaire in grade 5.[Results] During 2001—2006,the goiter rate of children aged 8 ~10 years old was 3.60%,qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.4%,the median of urinary iodine was 275.5 μg/L.[Conclusion] The qualified rate of iodized salt,urinary iodine and goiter rate have been attained the national standards of IDD control,the effect of IDD control is significant.
Myths About Foreign Language Learning and Learning Disabilities

Conventional wisdom in education has suggested that students who are classified as learning disabled (LD) will exhibit inordinate difficulties learning a foreign language (FL). Even when not explicitly stated, the notion that those classified as LD have a disability for FL learning is implied. However, while beliefs about this purported disability have been supported by anecdotes, personal opinions, and case studies, the beliefs themselves have not been supported by empirical evidence. Advocates of a disability for FL learning have ignored the empirical evidence, which substantiates that there is, in fact, not a special relationship between FL learning and LDs, nor is there a unique disability for FL learning. This article cites several myths about LDs and FLs and examines the evidence that falsifies each of the myths.
Devising Downtown: Collective Creation and Female Leadership in Contemporary New York

This chapter focuses on the everyday economics of collectively creating and devising work in New York City’s experimental downtown performance community, specifically for groups led by women. Even as many of these groups enjoy the increased acclaim of successful residencies, invited lectures and workshops at colleges and universities, and prestigious awards and honors, financial accomplishments remain modest. Additionally, this investigation puts the situations of downtown experimental female leaders in conversation with their counterparts on and off Broadway, many of whom began their careers with groups including Mabou Mines, SITI Company, The TEAM, etc. Considering these relationships as springboards, this chapter asks: How do women, in positions of leadership, author identities as creators and facilitators that embrace, or resist, intersections of professional and private economic terrain?
Direct Tumor Embolization of Sinonasal Unclassified Spindle Cell Sarcoma with Onyx.

Objectives To evaluate the use of a new tumor embolization agent, Onyx (Covidien, Dublin, Ireland), for the use of intraoperative embolization of a sinonasal unclassified spindle cell sarcoma. Methods A 45-year-old female patient presented to the rhinology clinic with a nasal mass. A biopsy revealed a highly vascular mass consistent with a sinonasal unclassified spindle cell sarcoma. Secondary to its extensive vascularity, the patient underwent preoperative transarterial embolization (TAE) before definitive resection. Due to complex vascular anatomy including feeding vessels emanating from intracranial circulation, incomplete embolization was achieved. Subsequently, intraoperative embolization with Onyx at the time of resection was performed. Results Intraoperative Onyx use resulted in almost complete devascularization of the tumor with decreased risk of intracranial embolization. Conclusions Intraoperative embolization with Onyx after an incomplete TAE can be a safe and effective method of achieving near-total embolization of sinonasal tumors.
Assessment of dietary intake of children with chronic kidney disease

Objective Our aim was to characterize the nutrient intake of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) relative to recommended intake levels.
The Safety of Cardiac and Thoracic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

Rationale and Objectives Studies reporting the safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) have mostly excluded examinations with the device in the magnet isocenter. The purpose of this study was to describe the safety of cardiac and thoracic spine MRI in patients with a CIED. Materials and Methods The medical records of patients with a CIED who underwent a cardiac or thoracic spine MRI between January 2011 and December 2014 were reviewed. Devices were interrogated before and after imaging with reprogramming to asynchronous pacing in pacemaker-dependent patients. The clinical interpretability of the MRI and peak and average specific absorption rates (SARs, W/kg) achieved were determined. Results Fifty-eight patients underwent 51 cardiac and 11 thoracic spine MRI exams. Twenty-nine patients had a pacemaker and 29 had an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Seventeen percent ( n = 10) were pacemaker dependent. Fifty-one patients (89%) had non-MRI-conditional devices. There were no clinically significant changes in atrial and ventricular sensing, impedance, and threshold measurements. There were no episodes of device mode changes, arrhythmias, therapies delivered, electrical reset, or battery depletion. One study was prematurely discontinued due to a patient complaint of chest pain of which the etiology was not determined. Across all examinations, the average peak SAR was 2.0 ± 0.85 W/kg with an average SAR of 0.35 ± 0.37 W/kg. Artifact significantly limiting the clinical interpretation of the study was present in 33% of cardiac MRI studies. Conclusions When a comprehensive CIED magnetic resonance safety protocol is followed, the risk of performing 1.5-T magnetic resonance studies with the device in the magnet isocenter, including in patients who are pacemaker dependent, is low.
Experimental second-harmonic axis-encircling beam gyro-TWT amplifier

A novel Ka-Band TE21 second-harmonic gyro- TWT amplifier with a large-orbit axis-encircling beam from a Northrop Grumman Cusp gun has been fabricated and is being tested at UCD. The device is predicted to produce 50 kW with 20% efficiency, 30 dB saturated gain and 3% bandwidth.
Multiscale forest governance structures within a transboundary biosphere reserve in Central America

Abstract This case report examines the successes and limitations of the forest governance structure within Trifinio Fraternidad Biosphere Reserve in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Plan Trifinio, an interstate agency that manages the biosphere reserve, works with international, national, municipal, and local institutions to promote reforestation and agroforestry with varying degrees of success. Because of Plan Trifinio’s complexity, bureaucratic and cumbersome processes can create long intervals between the formulation of initiatives and the final approval of development projects. Despite these concerns, the trinational organization has minimized conflicts and generated better opportunities for sharing information and cooperation.
Root-derived nitrous oxide emissions from an Upper Midwest agricultural ecosystem

Agroecosystems are the dominant source of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions globally, yet the partitioning of nitrogen sources supporting N2O emissions is not well understood. Fertilizer-derived N2O emissions receive significant attention, while N2O emissions from organic nitrogen sources, particularly belowground sources, are rarely studied. Here, in situ corn roots (Zea mays L.) were isotopically-labeled with nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) to examine effects of different long-term management systems on root-derived N2O emissions measured during the following soybean crop in southwest Minnesota, USA. Systems differed in management intensity (tillage and fertilization), crop rotation diversity (two or four crops), and fertilizer type (inorganic or organic). The average contribution of root-derived nitrogen to cumulative N2O–N emitted over the growing season was 8%, and was higher in 2-year (11%) than 4-year rotations (6%). The fractional loss of root-derived N as N2O, which is an estimate of the annual emission factor for root-derived N2O, was small (0.07–0.52%). Management intensity effects on root-derived N2O emissions and on the root-derived fraction of N2O emitted differed between two growing seasons as did the effects of fertilizer type on root-derived N cycling rates. Overall, rotation diversity (2 vs. 4-year rotations) exhibited the strongest management effect on root-derived N2O emissions, suggesting that root-derived N2O emissions could be mitigated by greater crop rotation diversity.
3.5 GHz Environmental Sensing Capability Detection Thresholds and Deployment

Spectrum sharing in the 3.5 GHz band between commercial and government users along U.S. coastal areas depends on an environmental sensing capability (ESC)—that is, a network of radio frequency sensors and a decision system—to detect the presence of incumbent shipborne radar systems and trigger protective measures, as needed. It is well known that the sensitivity of these sensors depends on the aggregate interference generated by commercial systems to the incumbent radar receivers, but to date no comprehensive study has been made of the aggregate interference in realistic scenarios and its impact on the requirement for detection of the radar signal. This paper presents systematic methods for determining the placement of ESC sensors and their detection thresholds to adequately protect incumbent shipborne radar systems from harmful interference. Using terrain-based propagation models and a population-based deployment model, the analysis finds the offshore distances at which protection must be triggered and relates these to the detection levels of coastline sensors. We further show that sensor placement is a form of the well-known set cover problem, which has been shown to be NP-complete, and demonstrate practical solutions achieved with a greedy algorithm. Results show detection thresholds to be as much as 22 dB lower than required by current industry standards. The methodology and results presented in this paper can be used by ESC operators for planning and deployment of sensors and by regulators for testing sensor performance.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of major salivary gland malignancies in children.

Objectives/hypothesis Determine demographics, clinical characteristics, and survival rates for children with primary salivary gland malignancies. Study design Retrospective, population-based cohort study. Methods All cases of primary salivary gland malignancies diagnosed between the years of 2002 and 2013 in patients ages 0 to 19 years were extracted from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Additional variables collected included age, gender, ethnicity, tumor histological subtype, tumor size, treatment modality, vitality status, and follow-up time. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated. Results Two hundred forty-five primary salivary gland malignancies were identified (220 parotid, 25 submandibular). Median age at diagnosis was 15 years. Most patients were female (59%), white (74%), and non-Spanish/Hispanic/Latino (81%). Among parotid tumors, mean tumor size was 2.3 cm, and there were 109 (50%) mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 86 (39%) acinic cell carcinomas. Most patients underwent surgery (n = 212, 96%) and 64 (29%) received adjuvant radiation. At a mean follow-up of 62.4 months, 10 patients (5%) were deceased. Kaplan-Meier survival curves illustrated that black children exhibited higher mortality rates than white children (15.8% vs. 4.6%, log-rank = 0.0260) as did those who underwent adjuvant radiation (15.73% vs. 3.2%, log-rank = 0.0209). Among submandibular tumors, mean tumor size was 3.1 cm, and there were 11 (44%) mucoepidermoid carcinomas. All patients underwent surgery and most received adjuvant radiation (n = 15, 60%). At a mean follow-up of 51.25 months, one patient was deceased. Conclusions Salivary gland malignancies in children and adolescents are rare. Overall survival for both parotid and submandibular tumors in children is good. Level of evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 128:1126-1132, 2018.
3D patch-based multi-view stereo for high-resolution imagery

This paper proposes an improved solution to image-based three-dimensional (3D) modeling (also known as ”multi-view stereo”) that outputs surfaces visible in high-resolution wide-area format video also known as widearea motion imagery (WAMI) consisting of a dense set of small 3D points. The improved approach, named 3D patch-based multi-view stereo, is an expansion of PMVS1 and is implemented also as a match, expand, and filter procedure. This approach takes a sequence of image frames and corresponding camera parameters together with a sparse set of matched feature points. As an initial step, it formulates a small 3D patch for each of the matched feature points. It then finds the best fitted curved surface inside the 3D patch based on the photometric consistency of each 3D point inside. Expansion and filtering procedures are then recursively applied on those initial surfaces until a certain percentage of image coverage is achieved. The proposed solution is able to precisely preserve small details and automatically detect and discard outliers. Moreover this approach does not require any initialization in the form of a visual hull, a bounding box, or valid depth ranges. We have tested our algorithm on various data sets including single object with fine surface details, and outdoor occluded extremely large WAMI dataset, where moving or static obstacles appear in front of static structures of interest and large areas of repetitive texture are present.
Defending the Safety of the Global Food System from Intentional Contamination in a Changing Market

Intentional contamination of the food supply poses a real and potentially catastrophic threat to society. Overall, it has the potential to result in disastrous and far-reaching effects, including direct morbidity and/or mortality, disruption of food distribution, loss of consumer confidence in government and the food supply, business failures, trade restrictions, and ripple effects on the economy. Key interrelated factors specific to food and the food system create this unusual vulnerability, both structural and social. The efficiency of the food system enables products derived from a wide range of global sources to be sourced, produced, and distributed rapidly due to the speed of national and global just-in-time supply chains. The food industry’s routine food safety measures are not designed to protect against high-impact deliberate contamination. When contamination occurs, identification of its nature and extent may take days, weeks, or even longer. Unintentional foodborne illness can further complicate recognition of intentional contamination events due to the delay in positive association of illnesses to the intentional event. The food/agriculture sector’s infrastructure must be strengthened to mitigate potential harm resulting from deliberate contamination, thereby making the food system less vulnerable to attack or destructive economic outcomes. New upward price pressures, declining economies, and constantly changing global trade along the food system supply chain have introduced a new urgency for greater diligence in food defense against deliberate contamination with either economic or terrorist motives. Initiatives include the development of specific countermeasures to minimize or eliminate vulnerabilities, as well as the development of practical solutions that enhance the capability to rapidly identify, contain, respond to, and recover from intentional contamination, both real and threatened. These activities must encompass the entire worldwide farm-to-table food system, from pre-farm inputs through retail sale, consumer food consumption, and public health system response.