cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The economic and social impact of Humanity 2.0 on higher education in the UK and beyond

This article investigates the economic impact of Humanity 2.0 on UK higher education. Humanity 2.0, as outlined by Steve Fuller, concerns enhancement utilizing technological and biomedical applications in order to digitize humanity, affecting the social, biomedical, neuropharmaceutical, and technological components of humanity’s evolution. As students, staff, and faculty members begin to further enhance their physical characteristics and minds, senior leadership in institutions of higher education (IHEs) must be prepared to address these topics and provide forums for discussion. As IHEs are economic engines of growth for their local and regional communities, harnessing the power of Humanity 2.0 will have direct impacts on the inputs, outputs, and overall impacts of IHEs. The study concludes that embracing Humanity 2.0 and harnessing its powerful effects can lead to: Humanity 2.0 serving as catalyst for building sustainable networks, with stronger connections between IHEs, communities, government, and industry; Positive growth in university research and innovation efforts, as well as potential for an increase in startup companies based on Humanity 2.0 developments; An increase in domestic productivity and an improved global competitive positioning for UK IHEs; Increased focus on exporting of higher education as a service, as well as an outlet to focus on improved graduation rates for all UK IHE students; IHEs serving as thought leaders on Humanity 2.0 research and ethics, including topics such as disabilities and emerging assistive technologies, ethics of neuropharmaceutical enhancement, and Fuller’s proposal to re-imagine the liberal arts curriculum to include the brain as the center of the humanities.
Predicting Resilient Modulus of Unsaturated Subgrade Soils Considering Effects of Water Content, Temperature, and Hydraulic Hysteresis

Abstract The resilient modulus, MR, of subgrade soils is an important parameter in design and analysis of pavements. Subgrade soils are often unsaturated and can experience a wide range of suctions...
Analysis of data on delayed development from the 1971-72 outbreak of methylmercury poisoning in Iraq: assessment of influential points

In this paper we report additional results from the analysis of dose-response data on delayed development from the outbreak of methylmercury poisoning in rural Iraq during the winter of 1971-72. The discussion is focused on the importance of four influential points for the estimation of the population threshold for the effects of methylmercury. The point is made that while this study was important for establishing a dose-response relationship in humans, the uncertainty in the parameters of this relationship is large, and further human studies are needed.
Constitutive Inorganic Pyrophosphatase of Escherichia coli I. PURIFICATION AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES

Abstract An intracellular, inorganic pyrophosphatase from Escherichia coli K-12 3000(λ) has been purified 500-fold to a state of apparent homogeneity. The enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate, and tetrapolyphosphate with relative velocities of 1.000, 0.016, and 0.007, respectively. No activity whatsoever was found with a variety of other phosphate esters. There was an absolute requirement for divalent cation in amounts suggesting stoichiometric combination with the substrate. At pH 9.1, Mg2+ and Mn2+ were maximally effective; at pH 7.5, Zn2+ and Co2+ were best. Although no exchange reaction (32Pi ⇄ PPi) could be demonstrated, a net reversal of the reaction was achieved by coupling through thymidine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase to oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconic acid. The stoichiometry of the reverse reaction indicated utilization of 10% of the 32Pi (trapped as thymidine triphosphate). The enzyme was exceptionally stable. In the presence of 0.01 m Mg2+, it withstood a temperature of 80° for 10 min.
To cleave or not to cleave: the proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions of ADAMs in neural crest induction (609.11)

The induction and subsequent development of the neural crest require highly coordinated interactions among genes and pathways. The disintegrin metalloproteinase (ADAM) family proteases have emerged as key regulators of gene and pathway interactions, mainly through their functions as proteolytic “molecular scissors”. Here we show that both the proteolytic and non-proteolytic activities of ADAMs are important for neural crest induction. Knockdown of either ADAM13 or ADAM19 inhibits the induction of cranial neural crest (CNC) in Xenopus tropicalis. ADAM13 functions as a major regulator of canonical Wnt signaling, a signaling pathway that is essential for CNC induction. This is achieved through ADAM13-mediated cleavage of class B ephrins, which we identified as new Wnt antagonists. By contrast, the proteolytic activity of ADAM19 seems to be dispensable for its function in CNC induction. Surprisingly, we found that ADAM19 directs CNC induction by binding and stabilizing ADAM13. These results highlight the impo...
The Distribution of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid in Rabbit Reticulocytes LEVELS OF AMINOACYLATION AND RIBOSOMAL ATTACHMENT DURING HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS

Abstract This study is a consideration of the condition and distribution of tRNA in rabbit reticulocytes. Levels of tRNA aminoacylation by 18 different amino acids were determined by assaying tRNA resistance to periodate oxidation. The levels range from 71% aminoacylation for tRNA accepting glycine to 97% for tRNAs accepting leucine and phenylalanine, with most values being close to 90%. Amounts of tRNA accepting the 18 amino acids which are attached to ribosomes were determined. Yields of ribosomal material from known numbers of reticulocytes are equivalent to 100,000 80 S ribosomal monomers per cell. There are approximately 100,000 tRNA molecules per cell attached to these ribosomes, this being approximately one-quarter of the total reticulocyte tRNA content. The numbers of ribosomal tRNA molecules for the different amino acids vary widely and have no demonstrable relationship to rabbit hemoglobin amino acid composition or to the content of tRNA for these amino acids in whole reticulocytes. More than half of the total reticulocyte tRNA for leucine and phenylalanine is attached to ribosomes while only 10% of serine and alanine tRNA is ribosomal. The results are discussed in relation to the cycling of different kinds of tRNA during hemoglobin synthesis and to the possibility that the availability of certain tRNA species may limit the rate of hemoglobin synthesis in reticulocytes.
Quality Control Limits for the Agar Overlay Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test

Replicate control tests were performed with the agar overlay and Kirby-Bauer techniques, using two sources of Mueller-Hinton agar. Mean zones observed with the two methods differed by 1 to 3 mm. Despite the minor differences between methods, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards quality control limits which were established for the Kirby-Bauer method could also be used for the agar overlay technique.
Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis.

Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the archetypal allergic disease otolaryngologists encounter. Epidemiologic studies inform providers of the association of rhinitis symptoms and allergy test results in the broader population. Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of AR is important for interpreting both rhinitis symptoms and allergy tests. Methods Articles were selected based on literature review through PubMed and personal knowledge of the author. The largest and highest-quality studies were included. The search selection was not standardized. Results Epidemiological studies demonstrate marked variability globally in the prevalence of both rhinitis symptoms and allergy tests. Self-reported seasonal or perennial rhinitis symptoms significantly overestimate the prevalence of AR defined by a positive history and positive allergy tests. Positive allergy tests are also common in those without self-reported rhinitis symptoms. Conclusion Interpreting rhinitis symptoms and allergy testing is enhanced by an understanding of the epidemiology of AR.
Interdisciplinary conflicts—The realities and illusions: A case report

This paper focuses on the role of interdisciplinary conflicts in the mental health field. It describes a series of events in a medical school's department of psychiatry, a group that had a strong interdisciplinary staffing pattern and new leadership. The dynamics of interdisciplinary conflict are examined in two contexts: (1) the politicization of the internal conflicts which makes resolution far more difficult and (2) the use of interdisciplinary conflict as a metaphor to obscure other more basic conflicts such as resistance to change in the organization.
A Review of “Biblical Perspectives on Aging: God and the Elderly”

This book is an updated version of the author's 1986 treatise on how the Bible and certain ancient Judaic texts treat the subject of aging. The author has done a noteworthy and extensive study of h...
Pulmonary hypertension syndrome in young chickens challenged with frozen and autoclaved cultures of Enterococcus faecalis.

Enterococcus faecalis, when administered in a growth medium or sterile saline, will cause pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) in chickens. The objective of this study was to determine if frozen and/or autoclaved cultures of E. faecalis retain ability to evoke PHS. In Trial 1, chicks were inoculated with 3.6 x 10(7) E. faecalis (IA) in tryptic soy broth (TSB) from either a live culture or one that had been autoclaved (120 degrees C for 20 min). Controls received TSB. Autoclaved and live cultures produced the same degree of PHS in a majority of the birds. Trial 2 used the same protocol, except a frozen (-70 degrees C for 60 min) culture of E. faecalis was compared with the control. The results agreed with those of Trial 1, i.e., the frozen culture also produced PHS. Trial 3 was conducted to determine if E. faecalis caused PHS by producing and releasing some unknown substance into the supernatant. Incidence of PHS was based on percentage of birds exhibiting ascites fluid at 24 hr after challenge. Controls received sterile, frozen, or autoclaved TSB. As compared with controls, those birds that received challenge with E. faecalis alone, supernatant alone, and E. faecalis plus supernatant from live cultures exhibited similar incidence of ascites, whereas birds that received E. faecalis plus supernatant and supernatant alone from cultures that had been either frozen or autoclaved exhibited elevated incidence of ascites as compared with controls. Also, with frozen and autoclaved cultures, those birds that received only pelleted E. faecalis exhibited incidence of ascites that did not differ from controls. Apparently, E. faecalis produces PHS in chicks by producing and releasing an unknown toxin.
Influence of SNP*SNP interaction on BMI in European American adolescents: findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.

Summary Background Adolescent obesity is predictive of future weight gain, obesity and adult onset severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg m−2). Despite successful efforts to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing BMI, <5% of the 40–80% heritability of the phenotype has been explained. Identification of gene–gene (G-G) interactions between known variants can help explain this hidden heritability as well as identify potential biological mechanisms affecting weight gain during this critical developmental period. Objective We have recently shown distinct genetic effects on BMI across the life course, and thus it is important to examine the evidence for epistasis in adolescence. Methods In adolescent participants of European descent from wave II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health, n = 5072, ages 12–21, 52.5% female), we tested 34 established BMI-related SNPs for G-G interaction effects on BMI z-score. We used mixed-effects regression, assuming multiplicative interaction models adjusting for age, sex and geographic region, with random effects for family and school. Results For 28 G-G interactions that were nominally significant (P < 0.05), we attempted to replicate our results in an adolescent sample from the Childhood European American Cohort from Philadelphia. In the replication study, one interaction (PRKD1-FTO) was significant after correction for multiple testing. Conclusions Our results are suggestive of epistatic effects on BMI during adolescence and point to potentially interactive effects between genes in biological pathways important in obesity.
Construction of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase deletion mutants of Brucella abortus: analysis of survival in vitro in epithelial and phagocytic cells and in vivo in mice.

Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) deletion mutants of Brucella abortus S2308, a virulent strain, and S19, a vaccine strain, were generated by gene replacement. A deletion plasmid, pBA delta sodknr, was constructed by excising the Cu-Zn SOD gene (Cu-Zn sod) from a 2.3-kb B. abortus DNA fragment of plasmid pBA20-1527 and inserting a 1.4-kb DNA fragment encoding kanamycin resistance into the Cu-Zn sod excision site. The deletion plasmid was introduced into B. abortus by electroporation, and Southern blot analysis confirmed that the antibiotic resistance fragment had replaced Cu-Zn sod in kanamycin-resistant colonies. The survival and growth of Cu-Zn SOD mutant strains were compared with that of the parental strains in HeLa cells and in the mouse macrophagelike cell line J774. The survival and growth of the Cu-Zn SOD mutant strains were similar to those of their respective parental strains in HeLa and J774 cell lines. The kinetics of infection with these strains were examined in BALB/c mice. The splenic levels of the S19 Cu-Zn SOD mutant recovered from intraperitoneally infected BALB/c mice were approximately 10-fold lower than those of the parental strain through 26 days postinfection. Thereafter, infection sharply declined in both groups, and by 105 days postinfection, no organisms were detected. The splenic levels of the S2308 Cu-Zn SOD mutant were lower than those of wild-type S2308-infected mice. The spleen weights of mice infected with the S2308 Cu-Zn SOD mutant were consistently lower than those of wild-type S2308-infected mice. These results suggest that the antioxidant enzyme Cu-Zn SOD plays a role in the survival and pathogenicity of B. abortus in vivo. Images
The impact of model uncertainty on benchmark dose estimation

We study the popular benchmark dose (BMD) approach for estimation of low exposure levels in toxicological risk assessment, focusing on dose-response experiments with quantal data. In such settings, representations of the risk are traditionally based on a specified, parametric, dose-response model. It is a well-known concern, however, that uncertainty can exist in specification and selection of the model. If the chosen parametric form is in fact misspecified, this can lead to inaccurate, and possibly unsafe, lowdose inferences. We study the effects of model selection and possible misspecification on the BMD, on its corresponding lower confidence limit (BMDL), and on the associated extra risks achieved at these values, via large-scale Monte Carlo simulation. It is seen that an uncomfortably high percentage of instances can occur where the true extra risk at the BMDL under a misspecified or incorrectly selected model can surpass the target BMR, exposing potential dangers of traditional strategies for model selection when calculating BMDs and BMDLs.
Parent Group Education to ENABLE “Barrio” Parents

This paper describes a 1960s “War on Poverty” parent group education program that brought together three national private voluntary agencies with federal funding by the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO). Project ENABLE (Education Neighborhood Action for a Better Living Environment) sought to direct professional efforts to help/empower the poor and societal members of ethnic minority groups. Group education as a preventive modality was used to strengthen parents’ problem solving skills in their roles both as parents and as community leaders. The author describes his group leadership role together with that of the indigenous case aides who helped direct/enable the collective power of a group of poor Spanish speaking Mexican origin families living in barrios (neighborhoods) of a major metropolitan southern city. Project ENABLE embraced a strengths-based perspective characteristic of social work’s historical empowerment traditions. Despite its brief existence, Project ENABLE functioned as a demonstration program in 62 communities across the United States. Ironically, its prevention focus and demonstration nature served to undermine its ability to compete with other OEO initiatives like Head Start and job training programs. The author cites a combination of historical and logistic factors that contributed to the short life and ultimate demise of a once promising outreach program.
The Pleasure is Mine: The Changing Subject of Erotic Science

Pleasure, the defining object of kāmaśāstric scholarship, is harmonious sensory experience, the product of a “good fit” between the self and the world. It comes about when one moves in a world of fitting sense objects, and one has made oneself fit to enter that world. The bulk of kāmaśāstric literature is devoted to developing, enhancing, and enacting specific bodily and sensory capabilities in order to maximize one’s ability to affect and be affected by the world. This article examines the model of subjectivity implied by kāmaśāstra, tracking two sorts of changes to the self assumed by this body of texts. First, it presents and analyzes the ways in which the social actors described in this literature come into being in and through the cultivation and performance of particular bodily and social acts; the “artifactual” nature of the self is presumed. Second, it considers the changing set of acts that are described and prescribed over the course of kāmaśāstric history, noting the increasing place of physiognomy and of magico-medical alterations of the body, and the elision of the social sphere of sensual activity. Finally, this article situates the kāmaśāstric model of subjectivity in relation to the larger śāstric project, drawing out the model of empiricism that it presupposes, and speculating upon the epistemological/ontological implications of kāmaśāstra as a science.
Acidic C terminus of vaccinia virus DNA-binding protein interacts with ribonucleotide reductase.

Abstract Evidence from prokaryotic systems suggests that enzymes of dNTP synthesis are organized near the DNA replication apparatus, allowing direct utilization of dNTPs at their sites of synthesis. To investigate whether similar interactions exist within a eukaryotic environment, we have prepared anti-idiotypic antibodies to the small subunit of vaccinia virus ribonucleotide reductase, and we used these antibodies to search for proteins that interact with this enzyme. This approach identified a 34-kDa viral phosphoprotein, which, like ribonucleotide reductase itself, is localized within infected cells at DNA replication sites. After expression of its structural gene in Escherichia coli, the recombinant protein was purified and found (i) to bind tightly to single-stranded DNA and (ii) to stimulate enzymatic activity of vaccinia ribonucleotide reductase. These observations suggest a physical association between dNTP synthesis and DNA replication in this viral system.
Is synaptic loss a unique hallmark of Alzheimer's disease?

Synapses may represent a key nidus for dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Here we review published studies and present new ideas related to the question of the specificity of synapse loss in AD. Currently, AD is defined by the regional presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The severity of involvement by those pathological hallmarks tends to correlate both with antemortem cognitive status, and also with synapse loss in multiple brain areas. Recent studies from large autopsy series have led to a new standard of excellence with regard to clinical–pathological correlation and to improved comprehension of the numerous brain diseases of the elderly. These studies have provided evidence that it is the rule rather than the exception for brains of aged individuals to demonstrate pathologies (often multiple) other than AD plaques and tangles. For many of these comorbid pathologies, the extent of synapse loss is imperfectly understood but could be substantial. These findings indicate that synapse loss is probably not a hallmark specific to AD but rather a change common to many diseases associated with dementia.
Reactive, Multifunctional Polymer Films through Thermal Cross-linking of Orthogonal Click Groups

The ability to produce robust and functional cross-linked materials from soluble and processable organic polymers is dependent upon facile chemistries for both reinforcing the structure through cross-linking and for subsequent decoration with active functional groups. Generally, covalent cross-linking of polymeric assemblies is brought about by the application of heat or light to generate highly reactive groups from stable precursors placed along the chains that undergo coupling or grafting reactions. Typically, these strategies suffer from a general lack of control of the cross-linking chemistry as well as the fleeting nature of the reactive species that precludes secondary chemistry. We have addressed both of these issues using orthogonal chemistries to effect both cross-linking and subsequent functionalization of polymer films by mild heating, which results in exacting control of the cross-link density as well as the density of the residual stable functional groups available for subsequent, stepwise fu...
Effects of apomorphine on control of breathing in rats

Abstract This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of systemically-administered apomorphine (APO) on the control of breathing in rats. Animals were anesthetized with Dial-urethane, and the cervical vagal and sympathetic trunks were sectioned. This preparation eliminated several peripheral feedback mechanisms, and also produced qualitatively more reliable responses than in the intact animal. After APO administration, breathing frequency (f) and minute inspired ventilation (V1) were reduced while inspired volumes (V1), duration of inspiration (f1) and peak inspiratory flow rates were increased. All of these effects were antagonized by the dopaminergic blocking agent haloperidol. In addition, the ratio of f1 to duration of breaths (f−1), t1/f1, was typically decreased after APO, and the effect was most pronounced in animals showing the greatest increases in f−1 (reduction in f). Qualitatively similar responses to APO were obtained when animals breathed hyperoxic, hypoxic and hypercapnic test gases. Absolute reductions in/and increases in V1 were comparable among groups, despite differences in initial breathing patterns (except for a smaller volume response during hypoxia). The reduction in t1/f−1 and relatively uniform decreases in f and increases in V1 under differing conditions of chemical respiratory drive, suggest that APO may act primarily on central dopaminergic neurons affecting breathing pattern.
Evaluating the effects of frame of reference on spatial collaboration using desktop collaborative virtual environments

Spatial collaboration is an everyday activity in which people work together to solve a spatial problem. For example, a group of people will often arrange furniture together or exchange directions with one another. Collaborative virtual environments using desktop PCs are particularly useful for spatial activities when the participants are distributed. This work investigates ways to enhance distributed, collaborative spatial activities. This paper explores how different frames of reference affect spatial collaboration. Specifically, it reports on an experiment that examines different combinations of exocentric and egocentric frames of reference with two users. Tasks involve manipulating an object, where one participant knows the objective (director) and the other performs the interactions (actor). It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different combinations for a spatial collaboration task. Findings from this study demonstrate that frames of reference affect collaboration in a variety of ways and simple exocentric-egocentric combinations do not always provide the most usable solution.
An automated test facility for rock mechanics research

Abstract This paper describes the design, development and operation of a newly completed test facility in the Department of Mining Rock Mechanics Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. The facility contains an electronically programmed electro-hydraulic loading system capable of developing compressive and tensile loads of up to 200,000 and 120,000 lb respectively. Programming facilities available make it possible to carry out creep, stress relaxation and fatigue studies as well as experiments under controlled rates of loads strain and deformation. Two hydraulic power supplies are included for developing confining and pore (internal) pressures during triaxial loading experiments. Facilities are available for monitoring strains, loads, pressures and temperatures; these include a digital data acquisition system capable of monitoring up to 200 channels of experimental data at a rate of 20 channels/sec, and three dual-channel strip chart recorders and an X-Y plotter which allow continuous recording of selected variables. The overall facility has been developed for routine use by faculty and graduate students. Although considerable time and effort have been expended in designing the facility, it is expected that the convenience and reliability inherent in such a facility will accelerate rock mechanics research many fold. Research projects presently utilizing the new facilities include studies of incremental creep, and fatigue in geologic materials.
Integrating biotechnology into a non-majors biology curriculum

A general education biology course entitled ‘Biotechnology Transforms Our World’ has been developed to illustrate biological concepts with advances from biotechnology. The contributions of molecular biology to understanding human genetics, evolution, plant and animal (including human) biology and ecology are illustrated with specific case studies. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 308–309.
A Revolution of the heart : essays on the Catholic worker

Peter Maurin / Marc H. Ellis -- Peter Maurin's personalist democracy / Geoffrey B. Gnuehs -- Dorothy Day / Eileen Egan -- Dorothy Day / Nancy L. Roberts -- The one-person revolution of Ammon Hennacy / Patrick G. Coy -- The politics of free obedience / Mel Piehl -- The prophetic spirituality of the Catholic worker / Daniel DiDomizio -- Houses of hospitality / Angie O'Gorman and Patrick G. Coy -- War resistance and property destruction / Anne Klejment -- Experiments in truth / Janice Brandon-Falcone -- TheChicago Catholic worker / Francis Sicius.
On-Line Control Models for the Stanford Linear Collider

Models for computer control of the SLAC three-kilometer linear accelerator and damping rings have been developed as part of the control system for the Stanford Linear Collider. Some of these models have been tested experimentally and implemented in the control program for routine linac operations. This paper will describe the development and implementation of these models, as well as some of the operational results.
Selling in Exclusive Markets: Some Observations on Prior-Free Mechanism Design

We consider prior-free benchmarks in non-matroid settings. In particular, we show that a very desirable benchmark proposed by Hartline and Roughgarden is too strong, in the sense that no truthful mechanism can compete with it even in a very simple non-matroid setting where there are two exclusive markets and the seller can only sell to agents in one of them. On the other hand, we show that there is a mechanism that competes with a symmetrized version of this benchmark. We further investigate the more traditional best fixed price profit benchmark and show that there are mechanisms that compete with it in any downward-closed settings.
Source of the hepatic microsomal trans-2-enoyl CoA hydratase bifunctional protein: Endoplasmic reticulum or peroxisomes

The present study was designed to investigate the hepatic localization of the microsomal bifunctional trans-2-enoyl CoA hydratase. Despite the low activity (<10%) of peroxisomal marker enzymes in isolated hepatic microsomes (acyl CoA oxidase (this study), catalase, and urate oxidase (L. Cook, M. N. Nagi, J. Piscatelli, T. Joseph, M. R. Prasad, D. Ghesquier, and D. L. Cinti, 1986, Arch. Biochem. Biophys.245, 24–26), additional evidence in this study suggests that the microsomal enzyme is derived from peroxisomes. For example, the microsomal hydratase activity was associated with the ribosomal fractions but not with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, when an extract of the peroxisomal enzyme was incubated with either free ribosomes or membrane-bound ribosomes, marked binding was observed with each of the fractions. Furthermore, the ease of release of the bifunctional enzyme from both free ribosomes and membrane-bound ribosomes by only KCl suggests that the bound enzyme is not a nascent protein. Labeling of liver tissue from DEHP-treated rats with rabbit immune IgG made to the purified microsomal hydratase followed by gold conjugated goat antirabbit IgG suggested a single subcellular site for the bifunctional hydratase—the peroxisomal organelle.
Triviality bounds in the next to minimal supersymmetric standard model.

We study the implications of the triviality problem for the Higgs boson masses and other relevant parameters in the next to minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM). By means of triviality, a new way to constrain parameters is proposed, and therefore we are able to derive triviality bounds on the heaviest-Higgs-boson mass, the lightest-Higgs-boson mass, the soft SUSY-breaking parameters, and the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs gauge singlet through a thorough examination of the parameter space. The triviality upper bound on the lightest-Higgs-boson mass predicted by the NMSSM is indeed larger than the upper bound predicted by the minimal supersymmetric standard model.
An empirical evaluation of models of work satisfaction

Abstract The purpose of this study is to empirically evaluate the ability of various models of work satisfaction to predict overall work satisfaction. Five models of work satisfaction are considered. They are the interactive, discrepancy, weighted discrepancy, additive independent, and perceived reward models. Data from 1385 workers suggest that the perceived reward model is the most appropriate procedure for predicting overall work satisfaction. Moreover, the data indicate that the relative effects of the various work dimensions on overall work satisfaction differ depending on which model is employed. These inconsistent results would appear to be due to specification error. Finally, it is suggested that the present findings should be viewed with caution. Additional research is necessary to conclusively establish their validity.
Survey of SO2 binding carbonyls in 237 red and white table wines

Abstract Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is an important preservative commonly used during winemaking. High concentrations of SO 2 binding wine carbonyls limit sulfite efficacy resulting in higher total SO 2 additions, which may exceed SO 2 limits permitted by law and pose health risks for sensitive consumers. Major SO 2 binding compounds (acetaldehyde, pyruvate, α-ketoglutaric acid, galacturonic acid, glucose and acetoin) were quantified in 237 red and white table wines by HPLC with pre-column derivatization to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Average concentrations of SO 2 binders in red and white wines (mean ± SE) were: acetaldehyde (red, 25 ± 3 mg/l; white, 40 ± 3 mg/l), pyruvic acid (red, 14 ± 2 mg/l; white, 25 ± 2 mg/l), α-ketoglutaric acid (red, 74 ± 4 mg/l; white, 31 ± 3 mg/l), galacturonic acids (red, 810 ± 51 mg/l; white, 267 ± 13 mg/l), glucose (red, 1400 ± 770 mg/l; white, 4750 ± 648 mg/l) and acetoin (red, 11 ± 1 mg/l; white, 10 ± 1 mg/l). Overall, acetaldehyde was identified as the most important SO 2 binder. Acetaldehyde formation from the involuntary oxidation of ethanol during the post-fermentation stages likely is responsible for the large differences in acetaldehyde concentrations in products from different wineries and represents the most efficient target for efforts directed at reducing SO 2 binders. Post-fermentation wine handling and bottling were identified as critical control points for the formation of acetaldehyde.
A new designed tumor selective daunomycin derivative

The synthesis and biological profile of the new daunomycin derivative 2 as an antitumor agent is described.
A New Method for Promoting Critical Thinking in Online Education

The critical thinking process is a mental activity of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to reach an answer or conclusion. It can also be viewed as a mental process that involves high quality and high level of thinking for problem solving and decision making. This paper presents and explains a new method for applying and promoting critical thinking for online education. The presented method can be applied in both online and regular classroom contexts, with being more practical and more appropriate for online education. The method consists of two components: an individual component and a team-based component. Each component includes a number of steps and the entire process is completed with a group setting. The Individual Component includes three steps: –List –Evaluate, and –Restructure; whereas the Team-based Component consists of three steps: –List, –Discuss and Evaluate, and –Integrate and Restructure. In each component, the learner is given essential opportunity to practice high level thinking and independent reasoning, and another chance to discuss and debate with other learners leading to an effective critical thinking medium. The method is straightforward to apply; and it guides students to practice and apply critical thinking to achieve quality learning and high level of understanding in the given learning task. This model has been applied and tested in both regular classroom setting and online education reaching satisfying and high levels of achieving critical thinking and intellectual growth among the learners.
Retardance of chalcogenide thin films grown by the oblique-angle-deposition technique

Columnar and chevronic thin films of GeSbSe chalcogenide glasses were grown by the oblique-angle-deposition technique. These thin films were found to exhibit dielectric anisotropy in the near-infrared regime. The retardance of any of the fabricated thin films was found to increase linearly with the thickness. Columnar thin films exhibited significantly lower retardance per unit thickness than chevronic thin films. The experimental results indicate the potential of these thin films for near-infrared polarizers.
Coherent dual-comb spectroscopy at high signal-to-noise ratio

Two coherent frequency combs are used to measure the full complex response of a sample in a configuration analogous to a dispersive Fourier transform spectrometer, infrared time domain spectrometer, or a multiheterodyne laser spectrometer. This dual-comb spectrometer retains the frequency accuracy and resolution of the reference underlying the stabilized combs. We discuss the specific design of our coherent dual-comb spectrometer and demonstrate the potential of this technique by measuring the overtone vibration of hydrogen cyanide, centered at 194 THz (1545 nm). We measure the fully normalized, complex response of the gas over a 9 THz bandwidth at 220 MHz frequency resolution yielding 41,000 resolution elements. The average spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over the 9 THz bandwidth is 2500 for both the magnitude and phase of the measured spectral response and the peak SNR is 4000. This peak SNR corresponds to a fractional absorption sensitivity of 0.05% and a phase sensitivity of 250 microradians. As the spectral coverage of combs expands, coherent dual-comb spectroscopy could provide high-frequency accuracy and resolution measurements of a complex sample response across a range of spectral regions. Work of U. S. government, not subject to copyright.
A Glycomics Platform for the Analysis of Permethylated Oligosaccharide Alditols

This communication reports the development of an LC/MS platform for the analysis of permethylated oligosaccharide alditols that, for the first time, demonstrates routine online oligosaccharide isomer separation of these compounds before introduction into the mass spectrometer. The method leverages a high-resolution liquid chromatography system with the superior fragmentation pattern characteristics of permethylated oligosaccharide alditols that are dissociated under low-energy collision conditions using quadrupole orthogonal time-of-flight (QoTOF) instrumentation and up to pseudo MS3 mass spectrometry. Glycoforms, including isomers, are readily identified and their structures assigned. The isomer-specific spectra include highly informative cross-ring and elimination fragments, branch position specific signatures, and glycosidic bond fragments, thus facilitating linkage, branch, and sequence assignment. The method is sensitive and can be applied using as little as 40 fmol of derivatized oligosaccharide. Because permethylation renders oligosaccharides nearly chemically equivalent in the mass spectrometer, the method is semiquantitative and, in this regard, is comparable to methods reported using high field NMR and capillary electrophoresis. In this postgenomic age, the importance of glycosylation in biological processes has become clear. The nature of many of the important questions in glycomics is such that sample material is often extremely limited, thus necessitating the development of highly sensitive methods for rigorous structural assignment of the oligosaccharides in complex mixtures. The glycomics platform presented here fulfills these criteria and should lead to more facile glycomics analyses.
On the Mechanism of Stick and Nonstick, Periodic Motions in a Periodically Forced, Linear Oscillator With Dry Friction

In this paper the dynamics mechanism of stick and nonstick motion for a dry-friction oscillator is discussed. From the theory ofLuo in 2005 [Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., 10, pp. 1-55], the conditions for stick and nonstick motions are achieved. The stick and nonstick periodic motions are predicted analytically through the appropriate mapping structures. The local stability and bifurcation conditions for such periodic motions are obtained. The stick motions are illustrated through the displacement, velocity, and force responses. This investigation provides a better understanding of stick and nonstick motions of the linear oscillator with dry friction. The methodology presented in this paper is applicable to oscillators with nonlinear friction forces.
Purification and properties of an exo-β-d-1,3-glucanase from sea urchin eggs

An exo-β-d-1,3-glucanase has been purified 200-fold from unfertilized eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Its pH optimum is 4.8–5.6. The enzyme appears to act specifically on β-1,3 glucosidic bonds with the release of glucose. With increasing length of laminaridextrin, both the substrate affinity and the initial rate constant ν increase. Enzyme activity is unaffected by sulfhydryl reagents or by divalent metals. The molecular weight was estimated to be between 56 000 and 64 000 by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. It is speculated that the enzyme is involved in the early events of fertilization associated with breakdown of cortical granules.
Sickle severity selectors strike out

Quinn and colleagues evaluate 3 early severity predictors defined from the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease in an independent prospective newborn cohort and find them unrelated to long-term adverse outcomes. Despite methodologic differences between the studies, the result calls into question the use of these markers for identification of transplant candidates.
The dramaturgical society: A macro-analytic approach to dramaturgical analysis

While the writings of Erving Goffman have illuminated the dramaturgical components of face-to-face interaction, the task of developing a thoroughgoing substantive and theoretical explication of the dramaturgical society remains. This paper explores the utility of a dramaturgical analysis at the macrosocietal level. The character of a dramaturgical society is discussed in the first section. The origins of a critical dramaturgy are presented in the next section. The conditions of social organization which give birth to a dramaturgical society are set forth in the next sections, and the utility of dramaturgy for a self-directed society are weighed in the final section.
Total, phasic, and regional myocardial blood flow in aortic stenosis

Abstract The effect of aortic stenosis on total, phasic, and regional myocardial flow was studied in 16 anesthetized, open-chested dogs. An adjustable catheter device was used to produce increasing aortic obstruction, the severity of which was judged from the left ventricular aortic peak systolic gradient as mild ( 50 mm. Hg). The supply/demand index was estimated from the ratio of diastolic pressure time index to systolic pressure time index ( DPTI SPTI ). The ratio of diastolic to systolic coronary blood flow ( DIAS SYS ) was determined from the flow tracings. Total myocardial flow and endocardial/epicardial flow ratios ( ENDO EPI ) were determined by injecting four differently-labeled 7 to 9 micron microspheres in the left atrium during control, mild, moderate, and severe aortic stenosis. The supply/demand ( DPTI SPTI ) index decreased significantly at all levels of aortic stenosis because of a decrease in DPTI and an increase in SPTI. The DIAS SYS coronary flow ratio and the ENDO EPI myocardial flow ratio were not significantly changed during aortic stenosis. The total myocardial flow was significantly higher than control only during severe aortic stenosis. The results indicate that, for all degrees of experimental aortic stenosis, there were significant decreases in DPTI SPTI but no significant changes in DIAS SYS coronary flow ratio or the distribution of myocardial perfusion. Thus, in acute, experimental aortic stenosis, there is evidence of increased myocardial oxygen demand, but endocardial perfusion is not changed significantly.
Kerr Rotation Spectra For Fe/Cu, Fe/TiN, and Fe/Ag Bilayer And Multilayer Media

Calculated Kerr rotation spectra for bilayer and multilayer media with Fe are presented. Kerr rotation enhancement and the effect of the plasma reflection edge of adjacent metal reflector layers are studied.
Biologic basis for altered fractionation schemes

Conventional is commonly not universally correct, and so with dose fractionation in radiotherapy. Fractionation spares slowly responding tissues more than tissues and tumors that show an early response, suggesting that therapeutic gains may be further increased by reducing fractional doses below 1.8 to 2 Gy. The overall duration of a course of radiotherapy should not be the same for all tumors in all sites because the time of onset of regeneration after the start of radiotherapy varies from tissue to tissue and among tumors. Although growth kinetics and dose-response characteristics are known to vary, inability to identify and quantify them prospectively frustrates rational selection of patients for individualized fractionation regimens. In general, curative radiotherapy should be delivered in as short an overall time as possible using the smallest practical dose per fraction. Although 2 Gy, 5 times per week may be a reasonable "average" treatment, greater individualization should be a research goal.
Scores and Scales for School Achievement.

Summary In his handbook chapter on scales and norms, Angoff (1971 , p. 508) observed that “without a meaningful score to transmit the value of the test performance, the test ceases to be a measuring instrument and becomes merely a preactice exercise for the student on a collection of items.” A multitude of scores are commonly used in the schools of the United States to give meaning to scores, from the largely undocumented and unexamined scales of teacher tests to the venerable and meticulously equated 200-to-800 scale of the SAT. Competition among the publishers of school achievement batteries has resulted in the creation of numerous computer-generated score reports for these instruments, tailored to parents, teachers, principals, district administrators, and other audiences. Both norm-referenced and criterion-referenced interpretations are typically provided, the latter often less defensible than the former. One fairly recent norm-referenced score that may be preferable to the percentile for some applications is the NCE. Recent educational assessments at the state and national levels, using the methods of item response theory, are advancing the state of the art in the scaling of educational achievement. Meaningful descriptions and illustrative items can be used to anchor specific scores, and to describe just what examinees at different levels know or can do. Further research is needed on statistical models that can capture the complexities of multidimensional content domains, in which the relative difficulties of items change as a function of curriculum and instruction from one classroom to another. Nonetheless, significant progress is being made, and exemplars have already appeared to IRT-based criterion-referenced scales that may point the direction of educational measurement for the future.
A pickup in pseudokinase activity

Kinases catalyse the phosphorylation of target substrates on hydroxy group-containing residues as a means to nucleate multi-component complexes or to stabilize unique conformational states. Through this biochemical activity, kinases play critical roles in many signal transduction and disease pathways. Pseudokinases constitute a subclass of these enzymes that were originally predicted as inactive on the basis of mutations of key conserved active-site residues. However, recent biochemical and structural analyses have revealed several enzymatically active pseudokinases, suggesting either that novel mechanisms of phosphorylation are at play or that the constraints for highly conserved active-site residues are looser than originally anticipated. The purpose of the present review is to summarize several of the active pseudokinases, and one in particular termed KSR (kinase suppressor of Ras), which was recently found to possess a kinase activity that can become accelerated through an allosteric mechanism. Utilization of catalytic activity or structural features of the kinase fold may be key to the function of many pseudokinases.
Spin and charge instabilities in weak ferromagnetic metals

Abstract Weak ferromagnetic metals are modeled by a ferromagnetic local Fermi liquid. We study the response of the liquid at the quantum critical point where the magnetization vanishes at zero temperature. At small magnetizations we find an instability towards an s-wave superconducting state similar to the Larkin–Ovchinnikov–Fulde–Ferrell state. A non-Fermi liquid state is approached in the vicinity of the classical critical point. The phase diagram of a local Fermi liquid is described.
A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions

A model is proposed which expresses consumer satisfaction as a function of expectation and expectancy disconfirmation. Satisfaction, in turn, is believed to influence attitude change and purchase i...