cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN INTEGRATED RISK COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR THE TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

This paper describes the development and implementation of the prototype of an internet-based risk commu- nication system for the transport of hazardous materials. The system was designed with the objectives of (1) incorporating functionality and features that are useful for meeting a variety of risk communication needs and (2) demonstrating a high degree of interaction among system components, enabling customisation to meet the specific transport risk communication requirements of the host organisation. To demonstrate 'proof of concept', the system is applied to two scenarios: building knowledge and awareness, focusing on how information can be entered, organised and disseminated to the public and other transport stakeholders, and emergency management, utilising the system for securely managing information in responding to a transport incident involving hazardous materials. The effectiveness of the system in these applications is subsequently discussed. Abstract — This paper describes the development and implementation of the prototype of an internet-based risk commu- nication system for the transport of hazardous materials. The system was designed with the objectives of (1) incorporating functionality and features that are useful for meeting a variety of risk communication needs and (2) demonstrating a high degree of interaction among system components, enabling customisation to meet the specific transport risk communication requirements of the host organisation. To demonstrate 'proof of concept', the system is applied to two scenarios: building knowledge and awareness, focusing on how information can be entered, organised and disseminated to the public and other transport stakeholders, and emergency management, utilising the system for securely managing information in responding to a transport incident involving hazardous materials. The effectiveness of the system in these applications is subsequently discussed.
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila: Sexual effects on structure

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase produced by female Drosophila melanogaster differs from that of males in electrophoretic mobility, kinetics, and thermostability. The enzyme produced by pseudomales is intermediate in kinetics and stability, but resembles that of males in electrophoretic mobility. Stability and kinetics are affected by growth temperature in pseudomales.
A phase I/II trial of transurethral surgery combined with concurrent cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and twice daily radiation followed by selective bladder preservation in operable patients with muscle invading bladder cancer.

AbstractPurpose: We describe a protocol designed to evaluate the use of twice daily radiation used together with cisplatin and 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) in the treatment of operable transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with potential bladder preservation.Materials and Methods: A total of 18 consecutive patients with T2-T4a bladder tumors underwent as complete a transurethral resection as possible, which was visibly complete in 14 cases. They then received twice daily radiation and infusion cisplatin and 5-FU during an induction phase. No therapy was given for 3 weeks, following which patients were reevaluated cystoscopically. Cases of clinical complete response by biopsy and cytology were consolidated with further chemotherapy/radiation using the same chemotherapeutic agents and radiation schedule. Patients who had incomplete responses were advised to undergo an immediate radical cystectomy. Of the 18 patients 15 subsequently received 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, consisting of methotrexate, cispla...
Pharmacokinetics of a radioiodinated monoclonal antibody F(ab′)2 fragment in a xenograft model with circulating antigen

Abstract The pharmacokinetics of 131 I-labeled OC 125 F(ab′) 2 antibody fragment were investigated in athymic mice bearing OVCAR-3 ovarian carcinoma xenografts, a model in which the CA 125 antigen is present in serum. Nine antibody doses between 0.1 and 650 μg were studied. Optimal tumor to normal tissue ratios were obtained at 100–200 μg of F(ab′) 2 . At most antibody doses, the pre-injection level of circulating CA 125 appeared to influence the localization of 131 I activity in tumor, liver and spleen.
Prevalence of avian haematozoa in São Paulo state, Brazil

The blood parasites of 15,574 birds representing 266 species of 43 families from primarily three areas in Sao Paulo State, Brazil were examined for haematozoa. Only 1240 (8.0% of 121 species fo 32 families were infected with blood parasites. This prevalence was similar to that reported in a previous study. Species of Haemoproteus were the most commonly encountered haematozoans (38.9%), followed by microfilaria (30.7%), Trypanosoma (13.7%), Plasmodium (7.5%) and Leucocytozoon (0.8%). Prevalence of parasitism was significantly different between the three major areas sampled. It was shown that this was due in part to differences in the avifaunas at both the familial and species levels. Prevalence varied markedly in only one of the 10 years of the study. Monthly fluctuations in prevalence were largely due to changes in relative proportions of highlytion of both. Prevalences of both microfilaria and Trypanosoma were higher than reported for any other similar survey in the world.
Human aldehyde dehydrogenase catalytic activity and structural interactions with coenzyme analogs.

Abstract Km and Vmax values for 10 coenzyme analogs never previously studied with any aldehyde dehydrogenase and NADP+ were compared with those for NAD+ for three human aldehyde dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.3); the cytoplasmic E1 (the product of the aldhl gene), the mitochondrial E2 (the product of the aldh2 gene) and the cytoplasmic E3 (the product of the aldh9 gene) isozymes. Structural information on changes in coenzyme-protein interactions were obtained via molecular dynamics (MD) studies with the E2 isozyme and quantum mechanical (QM) calculations were used to study changes in charge distribution of the pyridine ring and relative free energies of solvation of the purine ring in the analogs. E1 showed the broadest substrate specificity and was the only isozyme subject to substrate inhibition, both of which are suggested to be due to the two coenzyme conformations observed previously in the sheep crystal structure. NADP+ selectivity is indicated to be influenced by Glu195 in E1 and E2. Substitutions in the...
Predictors of survival following trans-catheter aortic valve closure for left ventricular assist device associated aortic insufficiency.

Objective This study sought to assess the long-term clinical benefits and predictors of survival of trans-catheter aortic valve closure in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients. Background LVADs have been shown to increase survival and quality of life in patients with end-stage heart failure. However, severe aortic insufficiency (AI) can develop in up to 50% of patients at 12 months resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Trans-catheter treatment of LVAD associated AI has emerged as a potential alternative to surgical treatment. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing trans-catheter aortic valve closure using an Amplatzer Multi-Fenestrated Septal Occluder “Cribriform” device to assess potential clinical and procedural factors associated with survival. Student's t-tests were used to compare baseline patient demographics and procedural characteristics, as well as patient outcomes immediately post procedure and at 6 months. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 10 patients (70% male, median age 59 years) were included. Technical success was accomplished in 100% of patients with a 6 month survival rate of 30% (3/10). Compared with survivors, non-survivors had a higher rate of pre-procedural clinical co-morbidities, an increased likelihood of right ventricular failure, and received larger occluder devices. Conclusions Trans-catheter aortic valve closure successfully treats late severe AI in LVAD patients, however, the presence or development of right heart failure portends a worse prognosis. Further studies are needed to investigate the factors involved in the development of right ventricular failure, and potential treatment, in patients undergoing trans-catheter aortic valve closure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Family of Simplex Variants Solving an m × d Linear Program in Expected Number of Pivot Steps Depending on d Only

We present a family of variants of the Simplex method, which are based on a Constraint-By-Constraint procedure: the solution to a linear program is obtained by solving a sequence of subproblems with an increasing number of constraints. We discuss several probabilistic models for generating linear programs. In all of them the underlying distribution is assumed to be invariant under changing the signs of rows or columns in the problem data. A weak regularity condition is also assumed. Under these models, for linear programs with d variables and m + d inequality constraints, the expected number of pivots required by these algorithms is bounded by a function of minm, d only. In particular this means that, for a fixed number of variables, the expected number of pivots is bounded by a constant when the number of constraints tends to infinity. Since Smale's original model [Smale, S. 1983. On the average speed of the simplex method of linear programming. Math. Programming27.] satisfies our probabilistic assumptions, the same results apply to his model, although not to the particular algorithm he analyzes. We also present some results for models generating only feasible linear programs, and for Bland's pivoting rule. We conclude with a discussion of our probabilistic models, and show why they are inadequate for obtaining meaningful results unless d and m are of the same order of magnitude.
The social costs of homeowner decisions in fire-prone communities: Information, insurance, and amenities

In this article, we consider wildfire risk management decisions using a dynamic stochastic model of homeowner interaction in a setting where spatial externalities arise. Our central objective is to apply observations from the social science literature about homeowner preferences to this economic externality problem and determine how assumptions about insurance, information and starting fuel loads affect outcomes and the effectiveness of policy. Three new features of our approach are, first, to assess fuel treatment behavior under potential misinformation scenarios, second, to allow for heterogeneous starting fuel loads across ownerships, and, finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of insurance and direct regulation at improving outcomes. Among other results, we find that risk-adjusted insurance may not create incentives for fuel treatment when government suppression exists, and in games with heterogeneous starting fuel loads, the social costs from misinformation can persist over a greater range of fire probability and damage function parameter values. These results suggest that, even as information about wildfire improves, the social costs inherent in private decisions will be more persistent than previously thought on landscapes where fuel stock differs across ownerships.
New potential role of serum apolipoprotein E mediated by its binding to clumping factor A during Staphylococcus aureus invasive infections to humans

Staphylococcus aureus is a crucial human pathogen expressing various immune-evasion proteins that interact with the host-cell molecules. Clumping factor A (ClfA) is a microbial surface protein that promotes S. aureus binding to fibrinogen, and is associated with septic arthritis and infective endocarditis. In order to identify the major human serum proteins that bind the ClfA, we utilized recombinant ClfA region A in a plate-based assay. SDS-PAGE analysis of the bound proteins yielded five prominent bands, which were analysed by MS yielding apolipoprotein E (ApoE) as the predominant protein. ClfA-sufficient S. aureus bound purified ApoE by more than one log greater than an isogenic ClfA-deficient mutant. An immunodot-blot assay yielded a linearity model for ClfA binding to human ApoE with a stoichiometric-binding ratio of 1.702 at maximal Pearson's correlation coefficient (0.927). These data suggest that ApoE could be a major and novel binding target for the S. aureus virulence factor ClfA. Thus, ClfA recruitment of serum ApoE to the S. aureus surface may sequester ApoE and blunt its host defence function against S. aureus-invasive infections to humans. In this context, compounds that can block or suppress ClfA binding to ApoE might be utilized as prophylactic or therapeutic agents.
Effects of phosphorus32 on the hamster.

SummaryEffects of intraperitoneal injection of the hamster with phosphorus32 are described. Animals treated with 10 μc/g of body weight died in 11 days, there were no apparent changes in the testis at this time. Toxic effects were observed in animals injected with as little as 6 μc/g. Damage to the testes of animals treated with 6 and 8 μc respectively, was extensive, consisting of marked decrease in size, absence of spermatogenic cells in tubules, and actual damage to the tubules themselves, suggesting permanent sterility. No changes in the testes of animals treated with 1 μc/g were apparent in 24 hours. However, some damage was observed 30 days after treatment with 1 μc. Spermatogenic cells were more sensitive than Sertoli cells. Some interstitial cells appeared to be affected.
Empirical analysis of the solar contribution to global mean air surface temperature change

Abstract The solar contribution to global mean air surface temperature change is analyzed by using an empirical bi-scale climate model characterized by both fast and slow characteristic time responses to solar forcing: τ 1 = 0.4 ± 0.1 yr and τ 2 = 8 ± 2 yr or τ 2 = 12 ± 3 yr . Since 1980 the solar contribution to climate change is uncertain because of the severe uncertainty of the total solar irradiance satellite composites. The sun may have caused from a slight cooling, if PMOD TSI composite is used, to a significant warming (up to 65% of the total observed warming) if ACRIM, or other TSI composites are used. The model is calibrated only on the empirical 11-year solar cycle signature on the instrumental global surface temperature since 1980. The model reconstructs the major temperature patterns covering 400 years of solar induced temperature changes, as shown in recent paleoclimate global temperature records.
Modeling the relationship between development and storm water and nutrient runoff.

The EPA Storm Water Management Model was used to model the effects of urban and agricultural development on storm water runoff from uplands bordering a Louisiana swamp forest. Using this model, we examined the effects of changing land use patterns. By 1995 it is projected that urban land on the uplands bordering the swamp will increase by 321 percent, primarily at the expense of land currently in agriculture. Simulation results indicate that urbanization will cause storm water runoff rates to be up to 4.2 times greater in 1995 than in 1975. Nutrient runoff will increase 28 percent for nitrogen (N) and 16 percent for phosphorus (P) during the same period. The environmental effects of these changes in the receiving swamp forest are examined.
Structure and function of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulinlike growth factor II receptors.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY ... .... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 308 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 RECEPTOR STRUCTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Prima ry Structure and Genomic Organization....... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . ... 309 Oligomeric Structure .. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. ...... . . . . . .. . .. ..... . . . . . .... 311 Ligand-Binding P roperties . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . 312 RECEPTOR FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Role in Lysosomal Enzyme Sorting and Endocytosis . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. ... ...... 314 Role in Signal Transduction ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... . . .... ..... ... . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . 314 Role in Hormone Clearance and Activation. . . . . . . . .... . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 317 Role in Extracellular Matrix Degradation ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 RECEPTOR DISTRIBUTION AND TRAFFICKING . . . . . . .. ... ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 318 Subcellular Localization....... ......... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ..... 318 Regulation of Receptor Trafficking . . . . . . . . . . .. .... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 S tructural Determinants of Receptor Traffickin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ...... 320 Reconstitution of Receptor Trafficking in Cell Extracts . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 323 DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION . . . . . . . . . 324
Effects of family relationships quality on drug use: Mediating effects of moral conviction

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e202–e284 e259 confidence to employ each strategy listed on the scale might serve as a form of education by informing users of strategies of which they are otherwise unaware. Financial support: None. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.169 Effects of family relationships quality on drug use: Mediating effects of moral conviction Alexandra N. Davis, Gustavo Carlo, Cara Streit University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States Aims: Previous research demonstrates the importance of both family relationships and moral development in predicting substance use. The present study will extend this literature by examining the mediating role of moral conviction (i.e., strength of moral motivation) in the associations between parent and sibling relationship positivity and substance use outcomes (i.e., tobacco use, alcohol use, binge drinking, and marijuana use). We hypothesized that family positivity would be positively associated with moral conviction, and that moral conviction would be negatively associated with substance use. Methods: Participants were 303 college students (M age=18.71; 62.7% female). Participants completed measures of mother, father, and sibling positivity, their moral convictions regarding substance use, and their frequency of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and binge drinking in the past year. Results: Structural path analysis was conducted to examine the relations among the study variables. The model displayed acceptable fit ( 2 =2.74; CFI = .98; RMSEA= .08). The results demonstrated that sibling positivity was positively associated withmoral conviction, which in turn, was negatively associated with the substance use. Parental positivity was also directly associated with substance use. These results provide support for partial mediation of moral conviction in the associations between relationship quality and substance use. Future analyses will examine potential gender differences. Conclusions: The findings address important gaps in the literature by demonstrating the importance of both parent and sibling relationship quality on substance use, as well as examining the strength of adolescents’ convictions in accounting for college students’ substance use. The discussion will focus on the influence of both family relationshipquality andmoral convictions inpredicting substance use outcomes. Financial support: Mizzou Advantage Grant from the University of Missouri. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.170 Crack cocaine use and perceived life chances Jeffrey Davis, Dennis G. Fisher, Grace L. Reynolds, Lucy Napper, Stephanie A. Meyers Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach,
Synaptic basis of cortical persistent activity: the importance of NMDA receptors to working memory.

Delay-period activity of prefrontal cortical cells, the neural hallmark of working memory, is generally assumed to be sustained by reverberating synaptic excitation in the prefrontal cortical circuit. Previous model studies of working memory emphasized the high efficacy of recurrent synapses, but did not investigate the role of temporal synaptic dynamics. In this theoretical work, I show that biophysical properties of cortical synaptic transmission are important to the generation and stabilization of a network persistent state. This is especially the case when negative feedback mechanisms (such as spike-frequency adaptation, feedback shunting inhibition, and short-term depression of recurrent excitatory synapses) are included so that the neural firing rates are controlled within a physiological range (10–50 Hz), in spite of the exuberant recurrent excitation. Moreover, it is found that, to achieve a stable persistent state, recurrent excitatory synapses must be dominated by a slow component. If neuronal firings are asynchronous, the synaptic decay time constant needs to be comparable to that of the negative feedback; whereas in the case of partially synchronous dynamics, it needs to be comparable to a typical interspike interval (or oscillation period). Slow synaptic current kinetics also leads to the saturation of synaptic drive at high firing frequencies that contributes to rate control in a persistent state. For these reasons the slow NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission is likely required for sustaining persistent network activity at low firing rates. This result suggests a critical role of the NMDA receptor channels in normal working memory function of the prefrontal cortex.
Novel 3-switch dual output buck voltage regulator

The problem of having to deliver power through multiple supply voltages to various subsystems on a computing platform at increased cost and space will be outlined. A novel three-switch dual output synchronous buck voltage regulator (VR) was proposed as a solution to alleviate the problem. Simulation and experimental results verifying the steady state operation of the converter were illustrated. Transient response results of the novel converter were presented. Design considerations for an optimal converter implementation were outlined and advantages of the proposed converter in comparison to conventional solutions were discussed.
Hepatocytic proliferation in normal rats after multiple exchange transfusions with blood from partially hepatectomized rats

Either three or four (but not one or two) consecutive exchange transfusions (75–85% washout of blood) of rats with intact livers, utilizing blood from donors partially hepatectomized 24 hr earlier, results in increased incorporation of 3H-thymidine into hepatic DNA and hepatocytic nuclei 20 hr after the first transfusion. Exchange transfusion with blood from sham-hepatectomized animals does not produce this effect.
A Blinded, Case-Control Trial Assessing the Value of Steady State Free Precession Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Objective High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a useful and readily available adjunct in identifying trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vascular contact (TNVC). This study evaluated the reliability and predictive ability of 1.5-tesla steady state free precession (SSFP) MRI sequences for the diagnosis of symptomatic vascular contact and response to operative intervention in patients with TNVC. Methods We performed a blinded, case-matched control trial evaluating SSFP MRI sequences in consecutive patients with unilateral TNVC with operatively proven vascular contact of the trigeminal nerve compared with healthy control subjects matched on age, sex, and laterality of the pathologic neurovascular complex. Interrater reliability was compared between 2 blinded, expert reviewers. Predictive ability of MRI was assessed in regard to accuracy, discrimination, and clinical utility. Results Inclusion criteria were met by 44 patients (22 consecutive patients with TNVC and 22 matched control subjects). Interrater reliability ranged from fair to excellent for vessel contact (κ = 0.40), location (κ = 0.81), type (κ = 0.72), and multiplicity (κ = 0.31). Vascular contact on MRI sequences did not differ significantly between cases and controls (75% vs. 82%, P = 0.30). MRI demonstrates accurate (Brier 0.15) and good discriminatory ability for clinical response after microvascular decompression (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.81, 95% confidence interval = 0.6–1.0). Decision-curve analysis demonstrated that MRI could result in a net reduction of 5 cases likely to be unsuccessful per 100 patients treated. Conclusions These results suggest the utility of SSFP MRI lies not in the diagnosis of TNVC, but rather in stratifying the likelihood of response to microvascular decompression in patients with characteristic symptoms.
Airway obstruction and bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation.

SUMMARY Bronchiolitis obliterans, defined histologically or clinically, is the most significant long-term cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. It shares many pathogenetic features with chronic allograft dysfunction that can occur in bone marrow, liver, heart, and kidney recipients. Lessons learned in the prevention and management of this disorder in lung recipients therefore should have application to the analogous process that develops in other organ allograft recipients. Because the lung is exposed to the external environment, it can be sampled repeatedly by techniques like bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy with little or no long-term adverse consequence to the allograft. Excellent pulmonary function tests also are available with which to assess the functional capacity of the allograft and to correlate with the results from immunologic testing. For these reasons, this disorder in lung recipients could serve as a model to determine the pathogenesis and treatment of the analogous disorder that may develop in other major organ recipients. Because this disorder most likely is immunologic in origin, advances in transplant immunology that create tolerance between the donor and recipient44 as well as efforts to prevent CMV infection and airway ischemic injury likely will be effective preventive measures. Although augmented immunosuppression appears to be of some benefit in treating bronchiolitis obliterans, it is far from optimal and new or better use of current immunosuppressive medications is warranted. Because the number of recipients at any one center is too few to critically assess the efficacy and safety of different immunosuppressive regimens, it is likely that collaboration between transplant centers will be necessary for success to be achieved.
Abstract W P59: Hemodynamic Changes in Wall Shear Stress in Arteriovenous Malformation Feeding Vessels Post Embolization

Objective: Arterio-venous malformations (AVM) feeders are known to remodel with time: increase in diameter when the AVM is present and decrease after the AVM is treated. In this study we used quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA) to evaluate changes in WSS, flow, and diameter of feeder vessels pre and post treatment with endovascular embolization/ surgery. Methods: 55 patients with AVM were evaluated with QMRA on presentation, 19 patients had QMRA post embolization (1-8 sessions), and 13 post-surgical resection. WSS, flow, and diameter of proximal feeder vessels (MCA, PCA and/or ACA) and their contralateral counterparts were derived from QMRA. These parameters were studied at baseline and compared between the feeder and contralateral artery pre and post embolization/surgery. Results: At baseline, WSS in feeder vessels (n=66) was greater than in the corresponding contralateral vessel (33.55 Dyne/cm2 vs. 24.76 Dyne/cm2; P<0.0001). These corresponded to a higher flow (296.7mL/min vs. 164.5mL/min; P = 0.0002) as well as a larger diameter (3.643mm vs. 3.257mm; P=0.0002). For embolized AVMs (n=28 feeder vessels), at the conclusion of final embolization, there was a drop in WSS (33.56 Dyne/cm2 to 22.97 Dyne/cm2; P =0.0003), flow (370mL/min to 176 mL/min; P = 0.0005), and diameter in (3.77mm to 3.522mm; P=0.0438) in feeder vessel. No significant change was seen in WSS in the contralateral vessel (23.2mm to 22.85mm; P =0.8770) post embolizations. The difference in WSS between the feeder and contralateral vessel became non-significant post embolization (22.97 Dyne/cm2 vs. 22.85 Dyne/cm2; P=0.8926). As compared to baseline, WSS dropped after surgery from 32.72 Dyne/cm2 to 20.5Dyne/cm2 (P= 0.0007). Conclusion: Arteriovenous malformation feeding vessels are subjected to a higher WSS secondary to higher blood flow. The feeders demonstrate a corresponding enlargement in diameter, as a presumed compensatory response to the high flow. However, the vessel enlargement is insufficient to normalize the WSS at baseline. There was decrease in diameter of the feeder vessel and normalization of the WSS post reduction of blood flow with embolization/surgery.
Incidence of clostridial contamination in donors' musculoskeletal tissue.

Reports of infection by Clostridium sordellii associated with allograft transplantation have generated considerable interest. We report our experience in recognising clostridial contamination in cadaver donors of musculoskeletal tissue. Tissues obtained from 795 consecutive donors were excised using standard surgical techniques. Samples of blood and bone marrow were also obtained. Donors with clostridia recovered from any site were matched with the preceding donor without clostridia as a procedural and environmental control. The histories of the donors were analysed to determine which variables had a relationship to contamination by running a contingency table and chi-squared test on the variables against the event of a donor being contaminated. Sixty-four donors (8.1%) had clostridia, most commonly C. sordellii . Clostridia were grown from the blood, marrow and tissue samples of 52, 37 and 30 donors, respectively. In eight cases, they were cultured from the tissue samples alone. There was no significant difference in age or gender between the contaminated donors and the control group. Open wounds were more common in control than in contaminated subjects, but only death by drowning in the contaminated group was statistically significant (p = 0.02). The time between death and the excision of tissue which was contaminated (16 hrs 10 mins) compared with control (11 hrs 10 mins) donors was also significant (p −6 ). We conclude that there is clostridial contamination in a significant number of tissue donors, particularly with increasing time between death and tissue excision. Among the most commonly encountered species is C. sordellii. Multiple microbiological cultures, including blood, are necessary in order to identify clostridial contamination.
Statistics of Pit Initiation: Analysis of Current Transients During Passive Film Breakdown

During the incubation period preceding pitting, current fluctuations indicate the beginning of the breakdown of the passive film. The charac- teristics of these current transients are being examined as a possible way to predict pitting. Stochastic models applied to the breakdown process have been proposed, and in order to test how well they account for the experi- mental results, various forms of processing of the current vs. time records are necessary. This paper describes the experimental data-taking methods, the processing routines so far developed for the statistical analysis of the data, and compares the experimental results with computer simulations based on a stochastic model.
Limited data suggest that otherwise healthy school-aged children with obstructive sleep disordered breathing have some benefit from adenotonsillectomy compared with non-surgical treatment.

Commentary on: Venekamp RP, Hearne BJ, Chandrasekharan D, et al. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non-surgical management for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;10:CD011165. Obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB) ranges from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). In the paediatric population, reported incidence ranges from 1% to 11% worldwide.1 Untreated disease has been associated with cardiovascular and neurocognitive morbidity.2 ,3 Surgical removal of the tonsils and adenoids is widely endorsed as the first-line treatment for otherwise healthy children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.4 ,5 Non-surgical treatment options include observation, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), medical therapy and orthodontic procedures or devices.6 As with any surgical procedure, risk of complications mandates careful consideration …
Application on Drilling Expert System Based on Rough Sets and Integrated Neural Networks

This paper designed a fault diagnosis expert system model of coal mine drilling based on rough sets and integrated neural networks aiming at the actuality of constructing by experience in drilling field. The system constantly trained and learned through associating weight balance adjustment and self-adaptive learning rate algorithm, and verified the existence of accident through forward and reverse mixed reasoning mechanism, and extracted rules adopting value reduction algorithm of rough sets to improve the interpretability of integrated neural networks. The experiment has proved that this system was a kind of special efficiently engineering calculate method in processing such complicated problems as drilling fault, provides powerful guarantee for scientific drilling, improves drilling efficiency and effectively prevents the happening of drilling accidents.
Characterization of bile acid methyl ester acetate derivatives using gas-liquid chromatography, electron impact, and chemical ionization mass spectrometry

The gas-liquid chromatographic retention times on 0.5% SP-525 for 48 bile acids and related compounds as their methyl ester acetate derivatives are given. Ion tables for electron impact spectra have been compiled that permit direct access to ion structures for any given ion mass. Chemical ionization yields highly simplified mass spectra with two or three ions predominating for each compound. When the relative retention times of bile acids as their methyl ester acetates are combined with selective ion monitoring techniques in chemical ionization mass spectrometry, the retention time and ion mass number form a coordinate system which can be a powerful tool in the characterization of bile acid mixtures.
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Sprayable Polymer Gel Against Crucifer Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Canola

The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a key pest of canola (Brassica napus L.) in the northern Great Plains of North America. The efficacies of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp.), a sprayable polymer gel, and a combination of both were assessed on canola for flea beetle management. Plots were treated soon after colonization by adult flea beetles, when canola was in the cotyledon to one-leaf stage. Ten plants along a 3.6-m section of row were selected and rated at pre-treatment and 7 and 14 d post treatment using the damage-rating scheme advanced by the European Plant Protection Organization, where 1 = 0%, 2 = 2%, 3 = 5%, 4 = 10%, and 5 = 25% leaf area injury. Under moderate flea beetle feeding pressure (1–3.3% leaf area damaged), seeds treated with Gaucho 600 (Bayer CropScience LP Raleigh, NC) (imidacloprid) produced the highest yield (843.2 kg/ha). Meanwhile, Barricade (Barricade International, Inc. Hobe Sound, FL) (polymer gel; 1%) + Scanmask (BioLogic Company Inc, Willow Hill, PA) (Steinernema feltiae) resulted in the highest yields: 1020.8 kg/ha under high (2.0–5.3% leaf area damaged), and 670.2 kg/ha at extremely high (4.3–8.6 % leaf area damaged) feeding pressure. Our results suggest that Barricade (1%) + Scanmask (S. feltiae) can serve as an alternative to the conventional chemical seed treatment. Moreover, Scanmask (S. feltiae) can be used to complement the effects of seed treatment after its protection has run out.
Predicting Solidification Properties of Magnesium by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

In this work, we studied the solid-liquid coexistence properties in Mg by using the modified-embedded atom method (MEAM) in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The solid-liquid coexisting approach was used, and the melting point of 937.9 K, latent heat of 10.2 kJ/mol, and liquid density of 0.037 atom/A3 were predicted, which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The capillary fluctuation method (CFM) was used to determine the solid-liquid interface free energy and anisotropy parameters. Eight slip and twinning planes (basal, two prismatic, two pyramidal, and three twinning planes) were used as the solid-liquid interface planes. The average solid-liquid interface free energy of 122.2 mJ/m2 was predicted.
3.18 Immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool for the identification and visualization of tissue biomarkers in the form of antigens in biological research and clinical diagnostics. Immunohistochemistry can characterize various biological processes or pathologies, such as wound healing, immune response, tissue rejection and regeneration, and tissue–biomaterial interactions. Specific antigen–antibody reactions can localize key molecules (eg, cytokines, enzymes, transcription factors) associated with each process within the tissues. Combined use of antibodies for such molecules and cell type-specific markers can identify the major cell sources and examine cell phenotypic changes (eg, differentiation, activation, proliferation). Careful validation and protocol optimization, as well as selection of the proper microscopy methods (eg, bright-field vs. fluorescence microscopy), enable procurement of specific and reproducible results. In addition, various newly developed fluorescent dyes, excellent color contrast, high resolution imaging, and the possibility of simultaneous multicolor imaging make immunofluorescence microscopy a convenient tool for studying pathobiological processes at the cellular level. This chapter provides a general introduction to immunohistochemistry, including the background information about antibody–antigen interaction, labeling techniques, tissue processing, basic immunohistochemical methods and established protocols, and data interpretation. It also discusses the impact of immunohistochemistry in biomaterial research and current understanding of the pathological processes of wound healing after implantation.
Before-Commit Client State Management Services for AJAX Applications

Heavily script-based browser applications change the manner in which users interact with web browsers. Instead of downloading a succession of HTML pages, users download a single application and use that application for a long period of time. The application is not a set of HTML pages, but rather a single page that can possible modify its own presentation based on data exchanged with a server. In such an environment, it is necessary to provide some means for the client to manage its own state. We describe the initial results of our work in providing client-side state management services for these script-based applications. We focus on browser-based services that can help the user before any data is committed on the server. Our services include state checkpointing, property binding, operation logging, operational replay, ATOM/RSS data updates, and application-controlled persistence.
Accurate Measurement of High-Bandwidth Nanomilling Forces☆

This paper presents a novel technique for accurate measurement of high-bandwidth nanomilling forces. Nanomilling has recently emerged as a viable mechanical nanomanufacturing technique for creation of three-dimensional nano-scale features on engineering materials. Accurate measurement of nanomilling forces is paramount to advancing the fundamental understanding of nanomilling and to enhancing the process outcomes. However, to date, no effective approach has been described for obtaining accurate measurement of nanomilling forces that exhibit micro/nano Newton range amplitudes and a broad frequency bandwidth. In this paper, we introduce a new in situ microcantilever-based technique for accurate measurement of nanomilling forces within a 10 kHz bandwidth without compromising its high-stiffness configuration. To this end, a microcantilever is designed and fabricated as a sensing element. The sensor possesses the processing and sensing locations close to its fixed and free ends, respectively to enable high stiffness at the processing location and high sensitivity at the sensing location. The sensor is then integrated into our custom-made nanomilling system as a force measurement device (FMD), and its dynamic calibration is achieved through an AFM-probe based dynamic testing approach. The calibration approach relates the measured displacements at the sensing location to the applied forces at the processing location. Subsequently, the accurate in situ nanomilling force measurements are obtained within a broad frequency range using the calibrated force sensor. It is concluded that the presented technique provides an effective means of accurate measurement of nanomilling forces within 0-10 kHz frequency range towards realizing essential advances in nanomilling.
NEUROHUMORAL ACTIVATION AND LONG-TERM CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular (CV) disease are extremely prevalent in the general population and several studies have established the association between them. However, there is paucity of studies stratifying CV risk in patients with CKD. Our aims were to classify
Entrainment and Subgrid Lengthscales in Large-Eddy Simulations of Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Flows

The effect of the model for the lengthscale in sub-grid scale (SGS) parameterizations used in large-eddy simulations (LES) of atmospheric flows is considered. SGS models that carry predictive equations for SGS energy (i.e., T models) are more susceptible to the model for the SGS lengthscale than are models that diagnose SGS energy, this is because in T models most of the SGS buoyancy flux in the entrainment zone is found to be associated with Richardson numbers greater than unity, i.e., regimes where the equilibrium value of SGS energy is zero. The sensitivity of LES to the model of the lengthscale depends on the type of flow, and details of the flow solver. The lengthscale sensitivity ofTmodels is fruitfully interpreted using analytic solutions to the SGS energy equation for conditions of no transport and fixed forcing.
The City of Hope (COH) performance excellence program (PEP): A physician incentive program to improve health care performance (HCP) in an academic medical center.

e17556 Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) introduced a pay for performance model focused on: safety, timeliness, effectiveness, efficiency, patient-centered, equitable care. COH is an NCI sp...
Volumes of hyperbolic double twist knot cone-manifolds

We give explicit formulas for the volumes of hyperbolic cone-manifolds of double twist knots, a class of two-bridge knots which includes twist knots and two-bridge knots with Conway notation C(2n, 3). We also study the Riley polynomial of a class of one-relator groups which includes two-bridge knot groups.
Considering Diversity in Spatial Decision Support Systems

Spatial decision making processes often involve a diverse set of objectives, alternatives, and solution approaches. Formulating a spatial decision problem under these considerations will help decision makers and stakeholders understand the structure of the problem and explore the solutions. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of diversity in spatial decision making. Methodological frameworks for incorporating diversity in spatial decision making are also discussed.
Donor Type and Disease Risk Predict the Success of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Analysis of 613 Adult Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients Using a Modified Composite Endpoint

Abstract The composite endpoint graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) has recently been introduced as a tool to assess the success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and has been incorporated into recent randomized trials of GVHD prophylaxis by the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network. As developed, GRFS incorporates "chronic GVHD requiring systemic immunosuppression" as a measure of clinically significant chronic GVHD (cGVHD). However, the decision to start patients on immunosuppressive therapy for cGVHD is subjective and physician-dependent. We elected to assess a modification of the GRFS (m-GRFS) that uses a potentially more objective measure of cGVHD, specifically the development of National Institutes of Health grade moderate or severe cGVHD. A total of 613 patients who underwent a first allogeneic HSCT after an HLA-identical sibling (matched related donor [MRD]; n = 212), an 8/8 matched unrelated donor (MUD; n = 251) or T cell-replete haploidentical donor (HID) transplant with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (n = 150) were included in this analysis. In the HID group, 86 patients (54%) received peripheral blood stem cells as the graft source. The median duration of follow-up was 50.2 months. The unadjusted Kaplan-Meier estimates for 1- and 2-year m-GRFS were 36% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32% to 40%) and 28% (95% CI, 25% to 32%), respectively. The 2-year m-GRFS was 30% (95% CI, 24% to 36%) for MRD graft recipients, 24% (95% CI, 19% to 30%) for MUD graft recipients, and 33% (95% CI, 26% to 41%) for HID graft recipients. A multivariate Cox model for m-GRFS identified donor type, Disease Risk Index (DRI) risk, donor-recipient sex mismatch, and year of transplantation as significant predictors of m-GRFS. Patients who received a MUD graft had worse m-GRFS compared to MRD graft recipients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; P = .003), whereas HID graft recipients had a similar m-GRFS as MRD graft recipients (HR, 1.10; P = .43). HID was associated with better m-GRFS compared with MUD (HR, .79; P = .046). These data show that m-GRFS is significantly affected by several modifiable factors, including donor type, donor-recipient sex match, and DRI. Adjusting donor choice and earlier referral of patients for evaluation of transplantation to improve the DRI can potentially overcome the negative impact of these factors.
Extending the current model view definition standards to support multi-storey modular building projects

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has significantly facilitated information management and collaboration in construction projects. During the past two decades, many information standards such as...
Multinomial classification with class-conditional overlapping sparse feature groups

Abstract Regularized multinomial logistic model is widely used in multi-class classification problems. For high dimension data, various regularization methods achieving sparsity have been developed and applied successfully to many real-world applications such as bioinformatics, health informatics and text mining. In many cases there exist intrinsic group structures among the features. Incorporating the group information in the model can enhance model performance. In multi-class classification, different classes may relate to different feature groups. With these considerations, we propose a class-conditional regularization of the multinomial logistic model (CCSOGL) to enable the discovery of class-specific feature groups. To solve the model, we developed an efficient cyclic block coordinate descent based algorithm. We also apply our method to analyze real-world datasets to demonstrate its superior performance.