cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of soil‐hydraulic properties and infiltration timescales in wildfire‐affected soils

We collected soil-hydraulic property data from the literature for wildfire-affected soils, ash, and unburned soils. These data were used to calculate metrics and timescales of hydrologic response related to infiltration and surface runoff generation. Sorptivity (S) and wetting front potential (Ψf) were significantly different (lower) in burned soils compared with unburned soils, whereas field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) was not significantly different. The magnitude and duration of the influence of capillarity during infiltration was greatly reduced in burned soils, causing faster ponding times in response to rainfall. Ash had large values of S and Kfs but moderate values of Ψf, compared with unburned and burned soils, indicating ash has long ponding times in response to rainfall. The ratio of S2/Kfs was nearly constant (~100 mm) for unburned soils but more variable in burned soils, suggesting that unburned soils have a balance between gravity and capillarity contributions to infiltration that may depend on soil organic matter, whereas in burned soils the gravity contribution to infiltration is greater. Changes in S and Kfs in burned soils act synergistically to reduce infiltration and accelerate and amplify surface runoff generation. Synthesis of these findings identifies three key areas for future research. First, short timescales of capillary influences on infiltration indicate the need for better measurements of infiltration at times less than 1 min to accurately characterize S in burned soils. Second, using parameter values, such as Ψf, from unburned areas could produce substantial errors in hydrologic modeling when used without adjustment for wildfire effects, causing parameter compensation and resulting underestimation of Kfs. Third, more thorough measurement campaigns that capture soil-structural changes, organic matter impacts, quantitative water repellency trends, and soil-water content along with soil-hydraulic properties could drive the development of better techniques for numerically simulating infiltration in burned areas.
Formalizing anonymity-delay tradeoffs in smart grid networks

Privacy concerns about smart metering have proven to be a significant roadblock to adoption of the smart grid. In the smart grid, electricity usage data are collected in near real time, exposing users to attacks that reveal their habits, location, and preferences. Other research in this area has demonstrated the possibility of using pseudonyms to decouple low-frequency billing data from high-frequency grid maintenance data. Such schemes must provide a way to authenticate the pseudonym as belonging to a real customer, to defend against the submission of false data. However, this authentication process exposes the system to timing attacks that can correlate the authentication of a particular customer with the appearance of a new pseudonym on the network. These timing attacks have been addressed informally in the literature with techniques such as adding a random delay to transmission. The anonymity thus provided is not quantified or guaranteed, and can be subverted with active attacks via the service provider. This paper introduces a method for defeating timing attacks based on the theory of mix networks. The use of a mix formalizes a method of randomizing the order in which authentication attempts are serviced. The mix design is described in detail and it is shown that this method is more resistant to attack and allows for an explicit tradeoff between anonymity and delay.
White Plague, Mexican Menace: Migration, Race, Class, and Gendered Contagion in El Paso, Texas, 1880–1930

This article examines a debate that emerged in El Paso, Texas at the turn of the twentieth century surrounding the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis from predominantly Anglo American migrants to the city’s ethnic Mexican population. Reports of Anglo-to-Mexican infections came from cities and towns throughout the U.S. Southwest, but by 1915 El Paso had emerged as the epicenter of the debate. Using popular and professional sources, the article tracks a shift in dominant perceptions of tubercular contagion from an association with white bodies to Mexican ones. An early narrative casts the Mexican female domestic servant as a victim of the infectious indigent white consumptive male health seeker. In 1915, as the Mexican Revolution raged and tensions between whites and ethnic Mexicans in the city sharpened, federal public health authorities published a report dismissing health seekers as a source of contagion to ethnic Mexicans. This article highlights the power of notions of race, gender, and class in shaping perceptions of and responses to epidemics, often with tragic results.
High-power CMOS-compatible photonic integrated thulium-doped distributed feedback laser

We report a high power CMOS-compatible thulium-doped distributed feedback laser with single-mode output power up to 267 mW, 14% slope efficiency, and >70dB side mode suppression ratio.
Modeling Segregation on AuPd(111) Surfaces with Density Functional Theory and Monte Carlo Simulations

The simulation of segregation in multicomponent alloy surfaces is challenging with atomistic approaches because of the need to model a very large number of possible configurations with a high degree of accuracy. Density functional theory (DFT) is too expensive to use directly, and atomistic potentials are often a compromise between accuracy and computational speed. In this work we develop a neural network (NN) atomistic potential capable of predicting accurate energies for any configuration of a AuPd(111) slab. The fully trained neural network spanning all configurations and lattice constants of a AuPd binary alloy is trained from only 3914 DFT calculations. Using this NN, segregation profiles are created spanning bulk compositions between 10 and 90% Au, and at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000 K using Monte Carlo simulations. These profiles are then fit to the Langmuir–McLean formulation of the Gibbs-isotherm with a model for the enthalpy of segregation. The simulation results are in excellent agreem...
Classification of Anthropogenic Soils

In U.S. Soil Taxonomy, anthropogenic soils are classified into two basic categories depending on type of soil parent material: (1) human-altered material (HAM), and (2) human-transported material (HTM). Generally speaking, a surface layer of HTM or HAM ≥50 cm thick must be present in order for a pedon to be classified using the anthropogenic soil profile.
Effect of High Temperature on the Aqueous H2S Corrosion of Mild Steel

The understanding of sour corrosion mechanisms is an important but still largely elusive target, especially as it pertains to the interaction between corrosion and corrosion product layer formation. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of high temperature on the corrosion kinetics of carbon steel and the formation of corrosion product layers in sour environments. H2S corrosion experiments were performed at 80°C, 120°C, 160°C, and 200°C with 4 d exposure. Linear polarization resistance was used to determine the corrosion rates. The corrosion products were identified by x-ray diffraction and examined by scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results indicate that with the increase of temperature, the initial corrosion rates increased, then reached a steady state over time. Two distinct layers were found in the corrosion products. An inner iron oxide (postulated to be Fe3O4) layer was unexpectedly observed at every studied temperature, while the out...
Perceptions and Use of a Web-Based Referral System in Child Welfare: Differences by Caseworker Tenure

ABSTRACTIn the child welfare system, technology may help caseworkers make service referrals efficiently. However, acceptance and use of new technology does not occur equally for all caseworkers. Influenced by the Technology Acceptance Model, we investigate differences in perceived ease of use and usefulness of a web-based referral system by caseworker tenure, and how these perceptions relate to use of the system. Results from 31 interviews with newer and more tenured caseworkers suggest important similarities and differences in how these groups perceive the technology, and suggest that differences in perception are related to differences in actual use.
Evaluation of machine learning methods to predict peptide binding to MHC Class I proteins

Binding of peptides to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins is a critical step in immune response. Peptides bound to MHCs are recognized by CD8+ (MHC Class I) and CD4+ (MHC Class II) T-cells. Successful prediction of which peptides will bind to specific MHC alleles would benefit many cancer immunotherapy applications. Currently, supervised machine learning is the leading computational approach to predict peptide-MHC binding, and a number of methods, trained using results of binding assays, have been published. Many clinical researchers are dissatisfied with the sensitivity and specificity of currently available methods and the limited number of alleles for which they can be applied. We evaluated several recent methods to predict peptide-MHC Class I binding affinities and a new method of our own design (MHCnuggets). We used a high-quality benchmark set of 51 alleles, which has been applied previously. The neural network methods NetMHC, NetMHCpan, MHCflurry, and MHCnuggets achieved similar best-in-class prediction performance in our testing, and of these methods MHCnuggets was significantly faster. MHCnuggets is a gated recurrent neural network, and the only method to our knowledge which can handle peptides of any length, without artificial lengthening and shortening. Seventeen alleles were problematic for all tested methods. Prediction difficulties could be explained by deficiencies in the training and testing examples in the benchmark, suggesting that biological differences in allele-specific binding properties are not as important as previously claimed. Advances in accuracy and speed of computational methods to predict peptide-MHC affinity are urgently needed. These methods will be at the core of pipelines to identify patients who will benefit from immunotherapy, based on tumor-derived somatic mutations. Machine learning methods, such as MHCnuggets, which efficiently handle peptides of any length will be increasingly important for the challenges of predicting immunogenic response for MHC Class II alleles.
Anesthetic Considerations for Patients on Antidepressant Therapy-Part I.

Millions of patients take antidepressant medications in the United States for the treatment of depression or anxiety disorders. Some antidepressants are prescribed off-label to treat problems such as chronic pain, low energy, and menstrual symptoms. Antidepressants are a broad and expansive group of medications, but the more common drug classes include tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. A miscellaneous or “atypical” category covers other agents. Some herbal supplements that claim to have antidepressant activity will also be discussed. In Part I of this review, antidepressant pharmacology, adverse effects, and drug interactions with adrenergic agonists will be discussed. In part II, drug interactions with sedation and general anesthetics will be reviewed. Bleeding effects and serotonin syndrome implications in anesthetic practice will also be highlighted.
The effect of multiplicity of infection on the temperateness of a bacteriophage: Implications for viral fitness

Since phage-bacteria interactions are among the most abundant in nature, they have become in the object of intensive study. In particular, how phages evolved temperateness — the propensity of the phage to enter lysogeny — and how temparateness has been optimized, remains poorly understood. In this work, we study the advantages of the lysogeny over the lytic path in phages under fluctuating environments. Also we explore how multiplicity of infection (MOI) drives the decision made by the phage. We found that temperate phages might use the lysogenic path to protect themselves from long periods of bad conditions. Additionally, phages with MOI strategies might have better chances of survive long periods of detrimental conditions.
Silicosis and Silica-Induced Autoimmunity in the Diversity Outbred Mouse.

Epidemiological studies have confidently linked occupational crystalline silica exposure to autoimmunity, but pathogenic mechanisms and role of genetic predisposition remain poorly defined. Although studies of single inbred strains have yielded insights, understanding the relationships between lung pathology, silica-induced autoimmunity, and genetic predisposition will require examination of a broad spectrum of responses and susceptibilities. We defined the characteristics of silicosis and autoimmunity and their relationships using the genetically heterogeneous diversity outbred (DO) mouse population and determined the suitability of this model for investigating silica-induced autoimmunity. Clinically relevant lung and autoimmune phenotypes were assessed 12 weeks after a transoral dose of 0, 5 or 10 mg crystalline silica in large cohorts of DO mice. Data were further analyzed for correlations, hierarchical clustering, and sex effects. DO mice exhibited a wide range of responses to silica including mild to severe silicosis and importantly silica-induced systemic autoimmunity. Strikingly, about half of PBS controls were ANA positive, however, few had disease-associated specificities, whereas most ANAs in silica-exposed mice showed anti-ENA5 reactivity. Correlation and hierarchical clustering showed close association of silicosis, lung biomarkers, and anti-ENA5, while other autoimmune characteristics such as ANA and glomerulonephritis clustered separately. Silica-exposed males had more lung inflammation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells, IL-6, and autoantibodies. DO mice are susceptible to both silicosis and silica-induced autoimmunity and show substantial individual variations reflecting their genetic diverseness and the importance of predisposition particularly for autoimmunity. This model provides a new tool for deciphering the relationship between silica exposure, genes and disease.
The Role of EUS in Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas

Cystic pancreatic lesions (CPLs) are increasingly recognized in clinical practice. Although inflammatory cysts are most commonly encountered, mucinous CPLs are important to identify and follow due to the risk of progression to malignancy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is widely accepted as the test of choice for the diagnosis and follow-up of CPLs. Not only does EUS permit close high quality images of the cyst, but also allows for fine needle aspiration (FNA) of cyst fluid, where cytological exam is performed to determine malignancy. More recently, certain tumor markers and DNA analysis of genetic markers of cyst fluid became available and could help differentiate mucinous from nonmucinous lesions. Management of CPLs takes into account the risk of malignancy and the benefit of pancreatic resection. This decision usually depends on multiple factors, including the type of cyst, presence of clinical symptoms, suspected underlying malignancy, and patient’s overall health status. Recent development of minimally invasive treatment alternatives like cyst epithelium ablation with alcohol, appear safe and effective in high risk lesions although larger long-term studies are needed to demonstrate clinical utility.
Microfluidics for Sperm Selection

Traditional methods for sperm selection such as swim-up and isopycnic (density gradient) centrifugation involve prolonged periods of incubation and/or serial centrifugations. Prolonged incubation of sperm with other cellular components of semen and serial centrifugation expose motile sperm to reactive oxygen species. The exposure affects the sperm chromatin with deleterious effects on embryo developmental potential and pregnancy rates. The use of microfluidics in human assisted reproduction for sperm selection has recently been proposed. Sperm selection with microfluidic technologies is an alternative which circumvents the long periods of incubation associated with standard sperm selection techniques. Fabrication of microfluidic devices with soft lithography to mold polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) allows easy production of self-powered microfluidic devices. Microfluidic devices for selection of motile sperm are easy to operate and effective in selecting high quality sperm; however, clinical trials to determine their impacts on clinical outcomes are still required. Microfluidic devices can be combined with other modes of sperm selection such as chemotaxis. Microfluidic technologies applied to assisted reproduction is an emerging field and preliminary results are promising. This chapter describes sperm selection with microfluidic devices and how they can be integrated with chemotaxis.
Computations with Structured Matrices. Introduction

In this chapter we partly repeat but substantially extend the introductory description of our two main subjects sketched in the preface, that is, the subjects of unified superfast algebraic and numerical computations with structured matrices and the displacement rank approach. The latter subject is covered in some technical detail in Sections 1.2-1.5. The rest of the chapter is a non-technical but extensive introduction to unified superfast algorithms for computation with structured matrices. Further elaboration and technical details are given in Chapters 4–7.
The Importance of James Otis

Historical analysis remains a fundamentally important tool to interpret the words of the Fourth Amendment and no historical event is more important that James Otis’ argument in the Writs of Assistance Case in 1761. The Writs case and the competing views articulated by the advocates continue to serve as a template in the never-ending struggle to accommodate individual security and governmental needs. In that case, James Otis first challenged British search and seizure practices and offered an alternative vision of proper search and seizure principles. No authority preceding Otis had articulated so completely the framework for the search and seizure requirements that were ultimately embodied in the Fourth Amendment. More fundamentally, Otis’ importance then and now stems not from the particulars of his argument; instead, he played and should continue to play an inspirational role for those seeking to find the proper accommodation between individual security and governmental needs. Otis proposed a framework of search and seizure principles designed to protect individual security. James Otis, his vision, and his legacy have become largely forgotten outside a small circle of Fourth Amendment scholars. This essay is a modest attempt to recall his importance for contemporary construction of the Fourth Amendment.
Mathematics, Mental Imagery, and Ontology: A New Interpretation of the Divided Line

This paper presents a new interpretation of the objects of dianoia in Plato’s divided line, contending that they are mental images of the Forms hypothesized by the dianoetic reasoner. The paper is divided into two parts. A survey of the contemporary debate over the identity of the objects of dianoia yields three criteria a successful interpretation should meet. Then, it is argued that the mental images interpretation, in addition to proving consistent with key passages in the middle books of the Republic , better meets those criteria than do any of the three main positions.
Min–Max formulas for nonlocal elliptic operators on Euclidean Space

Abstract An operator satisfies the Global Comparison Property if anytime a function touches another from above at some point, then the operator preserves the ordering at the point of contact. This is characteristic of degenerate elliptic operators, including nonlocal and nonlinear ones. In previous work, the authors considered such operators in Riemannian manifolds and proved they can be represented by a min–max formula in terms of Levy operators. In this note we revisit this theory in the context of Euclidean space. With the intricacies of the general Riemannian setting gone, the ideas behind the original proof of the min–max representation become clearer. Moreover, we prove new results regarding operators that commute with translations or which otherwise enjoy some spatial regularity.
A parent intervention with a growth mindset approach improves children's early gesture and vocabulary development

Socioeconomic disparities in children's early vocabulary skills can be traced back to disparities in gesture use at age one and are due, in part, to the quantity and quality of communication children are exposed to by parents. Further, parents' mindsets about intelligence contribute to their interactions with their children. We implemented a parent gesture intervention with a growth mindset component with 47 parents of 10-month-olds to determine whether this approach would increase parents' use of the pointing gesture, infants' use of pointing, and child vocabulary growth. The intervention had an effect on parent gesture such that by child age 12-months, parents who received the intervention increased in their pointing more than parents in the control condition. Importantly, the intervention also had a significant effect on child gesture use with parents. There was no main effect of the intervention on child vocabulary. Further, the effect of the intervention on pointing was stronger for parents who endorsed fixed mindsets at baseline, and had an added benefit of increased vocabulary growth from 10-18 months for children of those parents who endorsed fixed mindsets. Incorporating growth mindset approaches into parenting interventions is encouraged.
Factors associated with postpartum loss to follow-up and detectable viremia after delivery among pregnant women living with HIV

Abstract Pregnant women living with HIV are at risk for loss to follow-up and viral rebound after delivery. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with HIV who delivered at Parkland Hos...
Development of an activation tagging system for maize

Activation Tagging, distributing transcriptional enhancers throughout the genome to induce transcription of nearby genes, is a powerful tool for discovering the function of genes in plants. We have developed a transposable element system to distribute a novel activation tagging element throughout the genome of maize. The transposon system is built from the Enhancer/Suppressor (En/Spm) transposon system and uses an engineered seed color marker to show when the transposon excises. Both somatic and germinal excision events can be detected by the seed color. The activation tagging element is in a Spm-derived non-autonomous transposon and contains four copies of the Sugarcane Bacilliform Virus-enhancer (SCBV-enhancer) and the AAD1 selectable marker. We have demonstrated that the transposon can give rise to germinal excision events that can re-integrate into non-linked genomic locations. The transposon has remained active for three generations and events displaying high rates of germinal excision in the T2 generation have been identified. This system can generate large numbers of activation tagged maize lines that can be screened for agriculturally relevant phenotypes.
Comparative longitudinal study of 2 methods of scheduling maintenance visits: 4-year data.

Abstract 116 subjects were recruited from a population of patients previously treated for adult periodontitis and maintained in periodontal health by means of periodic prophylaxes every 3–6 months. The subjects were divided into a control (C) and a test (T) group. A total of 33 patients in the T group and 47 in the C group completed the 4-year study. The C subjects were examined every 6 months and given a prophylaxis every 3 months. The patients in the T group were examined at similar intervals, but prophylaxes were administered according to the individualized scheme of Listgarten and Shiffter, on the basis of a differential microscopic count of subgingival bacterial morphotypes. Recurrent periodontitis was defined as an increase in probing depth of 3 mm or more from baseline measurements. Teeth so affected were sampled microbiologically when the diagnosis of recurrent disease was made and “exited” from the study for treatment. A control microbial sample was taken at the same time from a previously-defined pooled sample of non-affected surfaces with comparatively high, but stable probing depths. During a 4-year period, more than half of the subjects developed at least one recurrence of disease, and one-third of the subjects had 2 or more recurrences of periodontitis. Disease recurred on approximal surfaces 81% and on oro-vestibular surfaces 19% of the time. There were no significant differences in the rate of disease recurrence between the C and the T group, even though recall intervals in the T group at the 4-year examination averaged 19.4 months and an average of 30.6 months had elapsed since the previous prophylaxis. Both groups exhibited similar plaque index and gingival index scores, similar probing depth and attachment level measurements, and similar proportions of different bacterial morphotypes during the 4-year study. However, differences were noted between examinations for both groups with respect to most of these criteria. This study provides 4-year longitudinal data on the clinical and certain microbiological characteristics of a population of adult patients previously treated for moderate to advanced periodontitis, and subsequently placed on periodontal maintenance. The results indicate that some of these patients may remain in good periodontal health despite the lack of regular tri-monthly recall visits, and that microscopic monitoring of the subgingival microbiota may be of value in identifying these individuals. Our findings also indicate that microscopic monitoring of the subgingival microbiota may not provide sufficient benefits to justify the additional time and labor required to incorporate this technique into a standard regimen of periodontal preventive maintenance.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Musical Cognitive Restructuring App for Black Inner-City Girls: Survey, Usage, and Focus Group Evaluation.

Background: Research on mobile health (mHealth) app use during adolescence is growing; however, little attention has been paid to black adolescents, particularly black girls, who are generally underresearched and underserved in psychological intervention research. Cognitive restructuring is an important tool in anxiety and fear management and involves two parts: (1) recognizing and deconstructing erroneous thoughts and (2) replacing negative anxiety and stress-provoking thoughts with positive thoughts. In our work with black adolescent females, we found that cognitive restructuring is a difficult skill to practice on one’s own. Thus, drawing upon the importance of music in the black community, we developed the Build Your Own Theme Song (BYOTS) app to deliver a musical form of the technique to middle-school black girls. Objective: Our aim in this mixed methods study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the BYOTS app. We hypothesize that participants will expect the app to be effective in reducing negative thoughts and that the app will meet their expectations and data generated from the app will demonstrate a reduction in negative thinking and anxiety. Methods: A total of 72 black or biracial seventh- and eighth-grade adolescent females were enrolled in Sisters United Now (SUN), an eight-session culturally infused and app-augmented stress and anxiety sister circle intervention. Before using the BYOTS app, girls completed the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children 2 and the App Expectations Survey. Usage data collected from the app included an assessment of negative thinking before and after listening to their song. After completion of the intervention, focus groups were held to gather qualitative data on participants’ app experience. Results: Results using paired sample t tests indicated negative thinking was significantly lower at day 7 than day 1 (t31=1.69, P=.05). Anxiety from preuse to postuse of the app was also reduced (t38=2.82, P=.004). Four effectiveness themes emerged from the focus groups: difference in behavior and temperament, promoted calmness, helpfulness in stressful home situations, and focused thinking via the SUN theme song. Conclusions: The BYOTS app is a useful tool for delivering musical cognitive restructuring to reduce negative thinking and anxiety in an underserved urban population. Changes were supported both quantitatively and qualitatively. Participants, their peers, and their family noted the difference. Findings support expanding the research to black girls of various socioeconomic statuses and geographic diversity. Currently, the app augments SUN, a culturally relevant intervention. Future research will explore BYOTS as a stand-alone app.
P-028 Quantitative MR perfusion and validation against stable-isotope microspheres

Purpose This study sought to assess the accuracy of a quantitative MRI-based (qMRI) measure of cerebral blood flow (qCBF) against reference stable isotope neutron capture microsphere based cerebral blood flow quantification in an experimental model during normocapnia, hypercapnia and middle cerebral artery (MCAO). Materials/methods Five female, mongrel dogs (20–30 kg) were each studied over two days. On day 1, qCBF images were acquired during normocapnia (target PaCO2 range 30–40 mmHg) and during hypercapnia (target PaCO2 range >60 mmHg) induced by carbogen gas inhalation (5% CO2/95% O2). On day 2 animals underwent angiographically verified permanent endovascular occlusion of the M1 segment while in a normocapnic state. Anesthesia was selected to minimize influence on cerebrovascular reactivity. Physiologic parameters were maintained within normal range with the exception of PCO2 for hypercapnia. Neutron capture microspheres were injected at the time of qMRI acquisition to obtain reference-standard CBF values. qMRI was acquired on a 3 Tesla unit (Achieva, Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands) using a 15-channel receive-only head coil a ‘bookend dynamic susceptibility (DSC)’ approach, which uses pre- and post-contrast T1 maps bookended to a DSC MRI sequence to calculate parenchymal T1 changes and calibrate the DSC scan for quantitative perfusion in ml/100 g/min. T1 maps are derived using 2D EPI Look-Locker inversion recovery (FOV/Matrix=220 mm/224, Slice Thickness=4 mm, single slice) with variable delay time and DSC perfusion (FOV/Matrix=20 mm/224, single shot, EPI, fat saturated, slice thickness=6 mm, TR/TE=315/40, 200 time points). A gadolinium-based contrast agent (Multihance, Bracco, Princeton, NJ, USA) was mechanically injected followed by a saline flush. Results MRI correlated strongly with microsphere perfusion (qCBFMRI=0.93*qCBFSPHERES +3.85 ml/100 g/min; r2=0.96; p Conclusion MRI derived values of CBF are strongly correlated with reference value microsphere deposition in normocapnia, hypercapnia, and MCAO ischemic stroke. Correction for delay and dispersion significantly improved the accuracy of this quantification during MCAO, underscoring the importance for this correction under focal ischemic condition. Disclosures N. S. Saadat: None. Y. Jeong: None. T. Carroll: None. K. Kawaji: None. S. Roth: None. G. Christoforidis: None.
Challenges to Diabetes Self-Management in Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

PurposeThe purpose of this qualitative descriptive study undergirded by Meleis’s Transition Framework was to explore developmental, situational, and organizational challenges experienced by a diver...
High-order discontinuous Galerkin methods for coastal hydrodynamics applications

Abstract This paper applies high-order discontinuous Galerkin finite element solutions of the shallow water equations to realistic coastal hydrodynamics problems. The goal is to obtain results on par with the accuracy of current low-order models, while significantly surpassing their performance. Accomplishing this requires developing mesh discretizations with boundary and parameter field representations that are consistent with the high-order accuracy of the numerical methods. These developments allow coarse-mesh, high-order, solutions to provide comparable accuracy to today’s state-of-the-art high-resolution, low-order coastal models at reduced computational expense.
Zika Virus Causes Acute and Chronic Prostatitis in Mice and Macaques

Background Sexual transmission and persistence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the male reproductive tract has raised concerned for potential damaging effects on function. Animal studies have demonstrated that ZIKV virus can infect and damage the testis and epididymis, and these results has been correlated to lower sperm counts in ZIKV-infected humans. The prostate plays a vital role in the male reproductive tract, with acute and chronic prostatitis linked to male infertility. Methods In this study, we evaluated the effects of ZIKV virus on the prostate in mice and nonhuman primates. Results In mice, ZIKV infected the prostate and triggered inflammation that persisted even after virus clearance. Evidence of chronic prostatitis associated with ZIKV infection remained for several months. Similar histological findings were observed in the prostate of ZIKV-infected rhesus macaques. Conclusions These studies establish that ZIKV replicates in the prostate and can cause acute and chronic inflammatory and proliferative changes in mouse and nonhuman primate models.
An experimental investigation into passive acoustic damage detection for structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades

This article details the implementation of a novel passive structural health monitoring approach for damage detection in wind turbine blades using airborne sound. The approach utilizes blade-intern...
The Facilitated Sensemaking Model as a Framework for Family-Patient Communication During Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit

Family caregivers of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at high risk for adverse psychological outcomes. Communication difficulty due to mechanical ventilation may induce or worsen adverse psychological outcomes. The Facilitated Sensemaking Model (FSM) is the first model to guide nursing interventions to help ICU family caregivers overcome and prevent adverse psychological outcomes. We address an understudied phenomenon, communication between patients and family caregivers during mechanical ventilation. The FSM guides supportive interventions for critical care nurses to improve patient-family communication in the ICU. We provide an example of communication intervention, an electronic communication app, within the preexisting FSM.
Activation of the adenovirus EIIa late promoter by a single-point mutation which enhances binding of transcription factor IID.

We have converted the TACAAA sequence present at position -29 of the adenovirus EIIa late promoter into a canonical TATA box by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. When linear templates were analyzed in nuclear extracts, transcription of the mutant promoter showed a 10-fold higher level of activity than that of the wild-type promoter. This increase was correlated with an increased affinity of the mutant promoter for transcription initiation factor IID. Further analyses demonstrated that the activating functions of three EIIa late upstream promoter elements (Huang, D.-H., and Roeder, R.G. (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 1906-1914) were maintained in the mutant promoter background. These observations indicated, first, that the upstream elements did not act merely to overcome a rate-limiting initiation step imposed by an inefficient TATA element and, second, that the strength of the interaction between transcription initiation factor IID and the TATA box was directly related to promoter activity.
The Erotic Approach

Building upon the orthodox Christian belief on the impossibility of preaching, this essay draws from a rather unorthodox source to structure the philosophical limits of preaching’s impossibility. The sources under consideration are those of the eminent French intellectual and social critic Georges Bataille. Drawing in particular upon Bataille’s thinking of inner experience, the ineffable, the wound, and the erotic, this essay articulates an approach to Christian proclamation that takes Bataille’s insights seriously.
File Detection On Network Traffic Using Approximate Matching

analysis based on approximate matching (a.k.a fuzzy hashing) which is very common in digital forensics to correlate similar les. This paper demonstrates how to optimize and apply them on single network packets. Our contribution is a straightforward concept which does not need a comprehensive conguration: hash the le and store the digest in the database. Within our experiments we obtained false positive rates between 10 4 and 10 5 and an algorithm throughput of over 650 Mbit/s.
Expanding the Molecular Electronics Toolbox

Molecular electronics aims to build functional devices on the scale of individual molecules. The development of such devices requires accurate measurement and control of the electronic properties of individual molecules; in practice, this means that electrical "leads" must be attached to two ends of a molecule. In their Perspective, [Martin and Baker][1] highlight a highly successful approach toward facilitating such measurements. The method, called on-wire lithography, is reported by [ Qin et al. ][2] and yields nanowires with a gap into which a molecule can in principle be inserted. The method allows the size of the gap to be controlled with high accuracy, removing one obstacle to accurate single-molecule electrical measurements. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5731/67 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/309/5731/113
Requirements for Excision and Amplification of Integrated Viral DNA Molecules in Polyoma Virus-Transformed Cells

Abstract The integration of polyoma virus DNA into the genome of transformed rat cells generally takes place in a tandem head-to-tail arrangement. A functional viral large tumor antigen (T-Ag) renders this structure unstable, as manifested by free DNA production and excision or amplification of the integrated viral DNA. All of these phenomena involve the mobilization of precise genomic “units,” suggesting that they result from intramolecular homologous recombination events occurring in the repeated viral DNA sequences within the integrated structures. We studied polyoma ts-a-transformed rat cell lines, which produced large T-Ag but contained less than a single copy of integrated viral DNA. In all of these lines, reversion to a normal phenotype (indicative of excision) was extremely low and independent of the presence of a functional large T-Ag. The revertants were either phenotypic or had undergone variable rearrangements of the integrated sequences that seemed to involve flanking host DNA. In two of these cell lines (ts-a 4A and ts-a 3B), we could not detect any evidence of amplification even after 2 months of propagation under conditions permissive for large T-Ag. An amplification event was detected in a small subpopulation of the ts-a R5-1 line after 2 months of growth at 33°C. This involved a DNA fragment of 5.1 kilobases, consisting of the left portion of the viral insertion and about 2.5 kilobases of adjacent host DNA sequences. None of these lines spontaneously produced free viral DNA, but after fusion with 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, R5-1 and 4A produced a low level of heterogeneous free DNA molecules, which contained both viral and flanking host DNA. In contrast, the ts-a 9 cell line, whose viral insertion consists of a partial tandem of ~1.2 viral genomes, underwent a high rate of excision or amplification when propagated at temperatures permissive for large T-Ag function. These results indicate that the high rate of excision and amplification of integrated viral genomes observed in polyoma-transformed rat cells requires the presence of regions of homology (i.e., repeats) in the integrated viral sequences. Therefore, these events occur via homologous intramolecular recombination, which is promoted directly or indirectly by the large viral T-Ag.
Effects of dietary lysine levels on performance and immune response of weanling pigs housed at two floor space allowances

Three 35-d trials involving 288 crossbred weanling pigs (initial weight, 7.1 kg; age, 28 d) were used to determine the separate and interactive effects of two floor space allowances (.28 and .14 m2/pig) and three dietary lysine levels (NRC recommended, NRC+ .1% crystalline lysine-HCl, and NRC+ .2% crystalline lysine-HCl) on growth performance and several factors that measure variation within pens. Each trial was conducted as a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were four pens (four pigs per pen) for each of the six treatment combinations in each trial. The lysine x floor space allowance interaction was not significant (P = .25) for daily gain, daily feed intake, or gain/feed. Restriction of the floor space allowance decreased (P < .001) daily gain and daily feed intake, but gain/feed was not affected. The humoral immune response, as measured by the level of antibodies produced after two injections of ovalbumin, was not affected by floor space allowance. Addition of .1 and .2% crystalline lysine-HCl improved daily gain (P < .07), gain/feed (P < .10), and humoral immune response (P < .05) and was without effect (P = .28) on feed intake. Natural logarithms of variance, coefficients of variation, and range of daily gain and body weights were not changed by floor space allowance or dietary lysine level. Pigs on adequate and restricted floor space allowances responded similarly to dietary lysine levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mining with Rare Cases

Rare cases are often the most interesting cases. For example, in medical diagnosis one is typically interested in identifying relatively rare diseases, such as cancer, rather than more frequently occurring ones, such as the common cold. In this chapter we discuss the role of rare cases in Data Mining. Specific problems associated with mining rare cases are discussed, followed by a description of methods for addressing these problems.
A mutant baculovirus with a temperature-sensitive IE-1 transregulatory protein

We have mapped the mutation responsible for the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of tsB821, a mutant of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (H. H. Lee and L. K. Miller, J. Virol. 31:240-252, 1979), to a single nucleotide which changes alanine 432 of the multifunctional regulatory protein IE-1 to a valine. Mapping was done with a combination of marker rescue and transient expression assays, hybrid gene construction by overlap PCR gene splicing, and nucleotide sequence analysis. Cells infected with tsB821 at high multiplicities of infection showed a spectrum of responses from severe cytopathic effects, including apoptosis, to a lack of obvious signs of infection. Protein synthesis in tsB821-infected cells at the restrictive temperature appeared similar to uninfected cell protein synthesis, but viral DNA replication and budded virus production were observed, albeit in a delayed manner. The dependence of early and late promoter activity on the wild-type IE-1 gene, ie-1, was observed in transient expression assays. However, the dependence of early promoter activity on ie-1 was strongest in the absence of other viral genes. Thus, other viral genes appear to be able to compensate, at least in part, for the lack, or low levels, of ie-1 in transient expression assays using early promoters. The mutant should prove useful in further defining the function(s) of IE-1.
Reactions of water with carbon and ethylene over illuminated pt/tio2

Abstract The room temperature reaction between gas phase water and active carbon to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen on a platinized titanium dioxide catalyst, illuminated with band gap radiation, is reported. Using the same catalyst system, ethylene is converted to ethane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and a small amount of methane.
Do you see what i see? Perceptions of party differences and voting behavior

We approach the issues of partisanship and voting behavior by focusing specifically on a seldom-studied group—the substantial proportion of citizens who see little to no important differences between the major parties. Motivated by the heuristics and burgeoning behavioral economics literatures, we conclude that party cues help reduce uncertainty for voters. More specifically, for voters lacking these cues, we expect that there will be a bias toward the incumbent candidate or party, which is motivated by the desire to decrease the potential costs of postdecision regrets. Similarly, we expect that these individuals are likely to delay choosing between candidates and may abstain from voting altogether, which is driven by a shortage of justifications on which to base the decision. We develop measures of perceived party differences based on symbolic and operational differences using data from the American National Election Study and find significant support for our hypotheses in the context of presidential ele...
Identification of direct DAF-16 targets controlling longevity, metabolism and diapause by chromatin immunoprecipitation.

DAF-16, a forkhead transcription factor, is a key regulator of longevity, metabolism and dauer diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans. The precise mechanism by which DAF-16 regulates multiple functions, however, is poorly understood. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to identify direct targets of DAF-16. We cloned 103 target sequences containing consensus DAF-16 binding sites and selected 33 targets for further analysis. Expression of most of these genes is regulated in a DAF-16–dependent manner, and inactivation of more than half of these genes significantly altered DAF-16–dependent functions, including life span, fat storage and dauer formation. Our results show that the ChIP-based cloning strategy leads to greater enrichment for DAF-16 target genes than previous screening strategies. We also demonstrate that DAF-16 is recruited to multiple promoters to coordinate regulation of its downstream targets. The large number of target genes discovered provides insight into how DAF-16 controls diverse biological functions.
A molecular light-driven water oxidation catalyst.

Two mononuclear Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(ttbt)(pynap)(I)]I and [Ru(tpy)(Mepy)2(I)]I (tpy = 2,2′;6,2″-terpyridine; ttbt = 4,4′,4″-tri-tert-butyltpy; pynap = 2-(pyrid-2′-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine; and Mepy = 4-methylpyridine), are effective catalysts for the oxidation of water. This oxidation can be driven by a blue (λmax = 472 nm) LED light source using [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) as the photosensitizer. Sodium persulfate acts as a sacrificial electron acceptor to oxidize the photosensitizer that in turn drives the catalysis. The presence of all four components, light, photosensitizer, sodium persulfate, and catalyst, are required for water oxidation. A dyad assembly has been prepared using a pyrazine-based linker to join a photosensitizer and catalyst moiety. Irradiation of this intramolecular system with blue light produces oxygen with a higher turnover number than the analogous intermolecular component system under the same conditions.
Growth And Application Superlattices And Quantum Wells

New devices using ultra thin layers of GaAs/A1GaAs have been grown employing Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technology. Superlattice Avalanche Photodiodes SL-APD and Variably Spaced Superlattice Energy Filter (VSSEF) devices have been fabricated and the results are discussed.