cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Storing a sparse table

The problem of storing and searching large sparse tables is ubiquitous in computer science. The standard technique for storing such tables is hashing, but hashing has poor worst-case performance. We propose a good worst-case method for storing a static table of n entries, each an integer between 0 and N - 1. The method requires O(n) words of storage and allows O(lognN) access time. Although our method is a little complicated to use in practice, our analysis shows why a simpler algorithm used for compressing LR parsing tables works so well.
The use of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy in the management of locally aggressive bone lesions

Cryosurgery has a unique role in the management of locally aggressive osseous lesions. By using a combination of enucleation and cryosurgery to devitalize the surrounding bone, the need for segmental mandibular resection is decreased. This article reviews 37 cases managed successfully in this manner.
The use of fluoropolymers for non-stick cooking utensils

The formulation of non-stick coatings for cooking utensils is probably more complicated than had been thought. It has been shown that the addition of copolymers to PTFE greatly improves the properties of the coating.
Synthesis and structural characterization of the arylindium halides, (C6H5)nInX3−n (X = Cl, Br, I)

Abstract The complete series of arylindium halides, (C6H5)nInX3−n (n = 1, 2; X = Cl, Br, I), have been prepared using previously unreported oxidative arylation of the indium(I) halide with various mercurials, and also several published routes. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy, 115In nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and conductivity data were gathered for the purpose of structural characterization in the solid state. The compounds of stoichiometry (C6H5)2InX (X = Cl, Br, I) have best described as adopting a polymeric lattice with multiply-associated halogen atoms linking together nearly linear (C6H5)2In groups. The compounds C6H5InX2 also adopt the polymeric lattice when X = Cl, Br, but C6H5InI2 is more consistent with the associated ionic formulation, (C6H5)2In+InI4−. The dioxanate complexes, (C6H5)nInCl3−n dioxane (n = 0–3), do not contain multiply-associated chlorine atoms and aid in the characterization of the base-free compounds. The polymeric structures of the arylindium halides are more comparable to the structures of the arylthallium halides than to the arylgallium halides.
Inhibition of the ejaculatory reflex in B6D2F1 mice by testosterone propionate

Testosterone propionate was administered in adulthood to neonatally androgenized female house mice and castrated male house mice of the B6D2F1 genotype. Lengthening of Ejaculation Latency (a measure of mating time) occurred in both groups. Castrated males showed a proportional increase in Ejaculation Latency with increasing dose. This result, which we believe to be the first of its kind, suggests that testosterone propionate inhibits the ejaculatory reflex in this genotype.
Innovative Methods in Laboratory Medicine Resident Teaching

Many methodologies have been employed in training laboratory medicine (clinical pathology) residents. Apprenticeship activities (observing and reproducing the job of an attending clinical pathologist in a direct practice setting) likely remain the most popular for trainees and arguably one of the most effective. The utility and current status of morning report, journal club, resident-led-grand rounds style presentations, faculty didactics, research by residents, placing residents specifically in the role of teachers themselves, hands-on activities in clinical laboratories, and emerging computer-based learning modalities are compared with each other and to similar exercises in other medical disciplines.
The onset of sub-surface oxidation induced by defects in a chemisorbed oxygen layer

We investigate the onset of internal oxidation of a Cu(110) surface induced by oxygen subsurface adsorption via defects in the Cu(110)–(2 × 1)–O chemisorbed layer. The presence of a boundary formed by merged add-row structure domains due to a mismatch of half unit-cell leads to preferred oxygen adsorption at the subsurface tetrahedral sites. The resulting distorted Cu–O tetrahedra along the domain boundary have comparable bond length and angles to those of the bulk oxide phase of Cu2O. Our results indicate that the presence of defects in the oxygen-chemisorbed adlayer can lead to the internal oxidation via the formation of Cu2O-like tetrahedra in between the topmost and second outermost atomic layers at the oxygen coverage θ = 0.53 and the second and third outermost atomic layers at θ = 0.56. These results show that the internal oxidation of a metal surface can occur in the very beginning of the oxygen chemisorption process enabled by the presence of defects in the oxygen chemisorbed layer.
REGULAR AND CHAOTIC TIME EVOLUTION IN SPIN CLUSTERS

We calculate spin-autocorrelation functions (as time averages over chaotic trajectories) and their intensity spectra for clusters of two classical spins, interacting via a nonintegrable Hamiltonian. The long-time behaviour observed includes both power-law decay and persistent oscillatory components, resulting in an intensity spectrum with power-law singularities and discrete lines.
Mobilizing the Library's Web Presence and Services: A Student-Library Collaboration to Create the Library's Mobile Site and iPhone Application

The Library Outside the Library group collaborated with the Cornell University Library web site team and student programmers to mobilize the library, creating a mobile version of the library website and an iPhone/iPod touch application that bring library resources to handheld devices. A mobile version of the web site was developed using an open-source tool. Requests from mobile devices are translated according to custom rules and page filters. The iPhone application takes advantage of the iPhone's interface to present catalog searches, patron accounts, library hours, and other information in an intuitive way. Early responses to the mobile initiatives have been positive.
The effect of defaults in an electronic health record on laboratory test ordering practices for pediatric patients

OBJECTIVE Defaults have been shown to impact decision making in a variety of domains. However, no research has applied defaults to medical care decisions utilizing an Electronic Health Record (EHR). This research was designed to examine how providers' inpatient laboratory ordering practices were influenced by default selections in EHR order sets. METHOD Providers were asked to complete inpatient admission orders for six fictitious pediatric patients using three EHR interface designs: opt-in (no laboratory tests preselected), opt-out (all laboratory tests preselected), or recommended (only laboratory tests recommended by pediatric experts preselected). EHR design was manipulated within subjects. Seventy-two providers from a Midwestern pediatric hospital reviewed the six cases and completed admission orders for all cases, entering two cases with each EHR design. Order of the cases and EHR designs were counterbalanced across participants. RESULTS When all laboratory tests were preselected, providers ordered significantly more tests and increased the cost of admission by more than $70 when compared with the opt-in, p < .01, and recommended EHR designs, p < .01. Furthermore, providers ordered more tests recommended by the pediatric experts when using the recommended design than when using the opt-in design, p = .03, although the total number of tests ordered did not differ significantly, p = .97. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that default selections in an EHR can significantly influence providers' laboratory test ordering practices and that hospital systems could benefit from adding expert-recommended defaults to EHR order sets.
Hard Cases: Philosophy, Public Health, and Women’s Human Rights

The idea of human rights has a home in multiple domains: human rights are the subject of a vibrant international activist movement, of a growing body of international law, and of a burgeoning branch of moral and political philosophy. Given this fact, how should philosophers understand the appropriate relationship between a philosophical theory of human rights and the existing international human rights practices? There is a general sense among philosophers that ‘‘human rights’’ is, as James Griffin puts it, ‘‘a theoretical term,’’ one developed (albeit without what Griffin calls ‘‘sufficient determinateness of sense’’) by political theorists and moral philosophers, and that the point of human rights law and activism is to attempt to realize the idea expressed by this term. On this view, philosophy’s contribution to existing human rights practice is to provide a theory of moral human rights – as Griffin would put it, a ‘‘completion’’ of the incomplete theoretical term. For such a purpose, philosophers only need to do the kind of theoretical work they have always done; engagement with any of the human rights practices is unnecessary. Charles Beitz, in his recent book, The Idea of Human Rights, explicitly rejects this view of what the philosophy of human rights is for; on his view, the philosophy of human rights should ‘‘treat international human rights as a normative practice to be grasped sui generis and consider how the idea of a human rights functions within it.’’ Beitz aims to develop a ‘‘practical conception’’ of human rights, according to
Teaching and learning police ethics: Competing and complementary approaches

There is still much confusion over the teaching of police ethics, a confusion rooted not only in uncertainty about the specific character of police ethics but also in the varied audiences and contexts for which its teaching is intended. This article attempts to separate out the main questions that the teaching of police ethics must confront and then to provide some critical evaluation of the options to which these questions give rise.
The Role of Stereotype Threats in Undermining Girls’ and Women’s Performance and Interest in STEM Fields

In the present manuscript we draw on the Multi-Threat Framework to explore gender-related math attitudes and how they put girls and women at risk for stereotype threats. Gunderson et al. (2011) detail how negative stereotypes about women’s math abilities are transmitted to girls by their parents and teachers, shaping girls’ math attitudes and ultimately undermining performance and interest in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. The social psychological phenomenon of stereotype threat complements this approach and demonstrates the additional ways in which gender-related math attitudes undermine girls’ and women’s interest and performance in STEM domains. Considering the phenomenon of stereotype threat also identifies how stereotypes and other gender-related math attitudes can undermine women’s and girls’ interest and performance in STEM domains even when women and girls have positive math attitudes.
Indentation mechanics and fracture behavior of metal/ceramic nanolaminate composites

Composite laminates on the nanoscale have unique properties, such as high strength, high wear resistance, and biocompatibility. In this paper we report on the nanoindentation behavior of a model metal–ceramic nanolaminate consisting of alternating layers of aluminum and silicon carbide (Al/SiC) processed by PVD on a Si substrate. Composites with different layer thicknesses were fabricated and the effect of layer thickness on Young’s modulus and hardness was quantified. The effect of indentation depth on modulus and hardness was studied. The damage that took place during nanoindentation was examined by cross-sectioning the samples by focused ion beam (FIB) technique and imaging the surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finite element modeling (FEM) of nanoindentation of nanolaminates was conducted. The damage patterns observed in experiments were qualitatively supported by the numerical simulations.
Stress, babble, and the utilization of the leader's intellectual abilities

Abstract This study investigated leader and member behaviors which account for the consistent counterintuitive finding that interpersonal stress moderates the leader's effective utilization of intellectual abilities. Specifically, under conditions of stress, leader intelligence and creativity correlate negatively or not at all with group performance, especially if the leader reports stress with the immediate superior (“boss stress”). Content analyses of group discussions generated in a group creativity experiment show that under stress, more gifted leaders talk more but offer fewer substantive ideas (which most dictionaries describe as “babble”). These leaders also inhibit group members from contributing to the task. These findings are discussed in the context of Cognitive Resource Theory
ETHICS AND REFLECTING PROCESSES: A SYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVE

This paper begins with the premise that the therapeutic space occupied by social work straddles both systemic and psychodynamic perspectives and therefore that social work has been ill‐served by the traditional oppositionality between the two orientations. The systemic perspective on reflecting teams and processes is the primary focus and this is discussed in terms of intersections with themes in social work and psychoanalysis, in particular the psychoanalytic concept of reflective functioning. It is suggested that both perspectives — reflecting processes and reflective functioning — point towards the increasing democratisation of the therapeutic process in ways that bring it much more into line with key concerns and challenges in social work, particularly around therapeutic engagement of clients with more severe levels of psychological difficulty.
The Protein Kinase Kin4 Inhibits Exit from Mitosis in Response to Spindle Position Defects

Accurate nuclear position is essential for each daughter cell to receive one DNA complement. In budding yeast, a surveillance mechanism known as the spindle position checkpoint ensures that exit from mitosis only occurs when the anaphase nucleus is positioned along the mother-bud axis. We identified the protein kinase Kin4 as a component of the spindle position checkpoint. KIN4 prevents exit from mitosis in cells with mispositioned nuclei by inhibiting the mitotic exit network (MEN), a GTPase signaling cascade that promotes exit from mitosis. Kin4 is active in cells with mispositioned nuclei and predominantly localizes to mother cells, where it is ideally situated to inhibit MEN signaling at spindle pole bodies (SPBs) when anaphase spindle elongation occurs within the mother cell.
Reducing the Risk of Suicide in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Interventions and Safeguards.

Bipolar disorder exacts a terrible toll on its sufferers owing to the repeated, severe disruptions in the patients' lives, the discomfort and uncertainties of being on rigorous, ongoing pharmacotherapy regimens, the emotional difficulties inherent in experiencing depression and mania, and the fear of a deteriorating course. Patients with bipolar disorder can become quite hopeless about improving their lot, a state of mind that is related to suicide risk. Indeed, the conservative lifetime suicide rate for bipolar sufferers is 15%, thus making the risk of self-harm a typical part of the therapeutic agenda with this population. Therapists assess the patients' risk for suicide via structured interviews, self-report inventories, and an exploration of their “suicidogenic beliefs.” Treatment counteracts the potential threat of suicide on a number of fronts, including: (a) establishing a collaborative, respectful therapeutic relationship in which the therapist strives to understand the patient's despair and provide accurate empathy; (b) devising antisuicide plans of action, including contracts; (c) teaching a wide range of skills, including rational responding, problem solving, communication, moderating activities to experience an optimal amount of mastery and pleasure, objectively assessing the pros and cons of living and dying, and others; (d) maximizing the patient's social support network, including improving family relationships, interacting more effectively with friends and associates, and joining self-help, advocacy groups; and (e) fighting the stigma of bipolar disorder via the acceptance of limitations, while still striving to live life to the fullest through treatment, an optimistic attitude, with long-range, meaningful goals.
Anatomical variants of the lateral femoral circumflex artery: an angiographic study

The descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) has found recent use as a new arterial graft for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Anatomical variants of the LFCA were assessed on femoral arteriograms obtained before CABG in 131 adult patients. The most common pattern, found in 78.6% of extremities, consisted of the LFCA arising from the deep femoral artery, and the arterial graft was selected from this pattern in 92.3% of patients in whom the descending branch of the LFCA was used for CABG.
Evaluating Recommendation Systems

Recommender systems are now popular both commercially and in the research community, where many approaches have been suggested for providing recommendations. In many cases a system designer that wishes to employ a recommendation system must choose between a set of candidate approaches. A first step towards selecting an appropriate algorithm is to decide which properties of the application to focus upon when making this choice. Indeed, recommendation systems have a variety of properties that may affect user experience, such as accuracy, robustness, scalability, and so forth. In this paper we discuss how to compare recommenders based on a set of properties that are relevant for the application. We focus on comparative studies, where a few algorithms are compared using some evaluation metric, rather than absolute benchmarking of algorithms. We describe experimental settings appropriate for making choices between algorithms. We review three types of experiments, starting with an offline setting, where recommendation approaches are compared without user interaction, then reviewing user studies, where a small group of subjects experiment with the system and report on the experience, and finally describe large scale online experiments, where real user populations interact with the system. In each of these cases we describe types of questions that can be answered, and suggest protocols for experimentation. We also discuss how to draw trustworthy conclusions from the conducted experiments. We then review a large set of properties, and explain how to evaluate systems given relevant properties. We also survey a large set of evaluation metrics in the context of the properties that they evaluate.
Nitric oxide inhibits ornithine decarboxylase by S-nitrosylation.

Abstract Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the initial enzyme in the polyamine synthetic pathway, and polyamines are required for cell proliferation. We have shown previously that nitric oxide (NO) inhibits ODC activity in Caco-2 cells and in crude cell lysate preparations. In this study we examined the mechanism by which NO inhibits the activity of purified ODC. NO, in the form of S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), or 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-hydrazine (DEA/NO), inhibited enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner. CysNO (1 μM) inhibited ODC activity by approximately 90% and 3 μM GSNO by more than 70%. DEA/NO was less potent, inhibiting enzyme activity by 70% at a concentration of 30 μM. Inhibition of enzyme activity by CysNO, GSNO, or DEA/NO was reversible by addition of dithiothreitol or glutathione. Cuprous ion (Cu (I)) also reversed the inhibitory effect of these NO donor agents. The data presented here support the hypothesis that NO inhibits ODC activity via S-nitrosylation of a critical cysteine residue(s) on ODC.
Psychological life as enterprise: social practice and the government of neo-liberal interiority

This article theorizes the contemporary government of psychological life as neo-liberal enterprise. By drawing on Foucauldian critical social theory, it argues that the constellations of power identified with the psy-function and neo-liberal governmentality can be read through the problematic of everyday practice. On a theoretical level, this involves a re-examination of the notion of dispositif, to uncover the dynamic, ambivalent and temporal practices by which subjectification takes place. Empirically, this point is illustrated through a reflection of one case of neo-liberal psychological life: life coaching.
Delay Compensation in Model Predictive Current Control of a Three-Phase Inverter

When control schemes based on finite control set model predictive control are experimentally implemented, a large amount of calculations is required, introducing a considerable time delay in the actuation. This delay can deteriorate the performance of the system if not considered in the design of the controller. In this paper, the problem is described, and the solution to this issue is clearly explained using a three-phase inverter as an example. Experimental results to validate this solution are shown.
Occurrence of Sustained Droughts in the Interior Pacific Northwest (A.D. 1733–1980) Inferred from Tree-Ring Data

The occurrence of moderate and severe sustained droughts in the interior Pacific Northwest (PNW) from 1733 to 1980 was mapped using 18 western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis Hook.) tree-ring chronologies. The frequency and duration of both moderate and severe sustained droughts are substantially greater in the northwest region of the interior PNW. Thus, this area is identified as a drought core region. These droughts are chiefly attributed to the presence of a Pacific blocking high off the NW coast that is associated with significant reductions in cool season precipitation. Specifically, the impacted northwest region lies within a transition zone between the fluxes of marine airflow during the cool season months and interior air during the warm season months. The waxing and waning of the boundaries of this transition zone particularly affect western juniper trees growing in this region. During years in which a blocking high is present, marine airflow is substantially reduced, exposing the trees in the transition zone to substantially drier springtime conditions that limit soil moisture and reduce radial growth. Although the most severe and persistent droughts were concentrated in the northwest region, four large-scale droughts also impacted the entire interior PNW during the study period. These droughts occurred principally during PDO warm phases, suggesting a regional-scale linkage to this climatic oscillation.
Advertising Practitioner Perceptions of HDTV Advertising: A Diffusion of Innovations Perspective

A nationwide online survey of advertising agency executives was conducted to investigate attitudes toward high-definition television (HDTV) diffusion. The survey was completed by 70 practitioners. The majority of respondents (85.9%) had viewed HDTV, but only 18.6% owned an HDTV set. Among non-owners of HDTV sets, 50% said they would not be acquiring 1 for at least 24 months. More than one half of the respondents believed that HDTV would not become the norm for 5 or more years. Respondents recognized the benefits of HDTV, but were not yet comfortable recommending HD advertising to clients. Factors inhibiting greater support of HDTV advertising include perceptions of insufficient HDTV programming, low HDTV diffusion among viewers, and greater cost of producing HD ads. Agency executives feel under-informed about HDTV, and would like to learn more about it. Industry groups interested in promoting greater acceptance of HDTV among advertising practitioners need to educate executives about the actual rate of HDTV diffusion to convince them that the medium is capable of attaining critical mass. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT
A Consumed Income Tax: A Fair and Simple Plan for Tax Reform

These are slides from a presentation to the President's Advisory Panel on Tax Reform, given in Washington D.C. on May 11, 2005, updated, with additional slides, and sources at the end. The principal goal is to summarize the mechanics and analytics of a consumed or cash-flow income tax, a progressive spending tax, based on a rearrangement of the Haig Simons identity, Income = Consumption Savings, to generate Consumption = Income - Savings. A consistent spending tax simply features unlimited deductions for savings, along the lines of traditional Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), plus the inclusion of debt as a cash-flow input (the fatal flaw of the 1990s USA Tax Plan was its failure to include debt in the tax base). Progressive rates can be maintained, even increased. The critical point is that such a progressive postpaid consumption, cash-flow or (all equivalently) spending tax is not equivalent to a wage tax, and does not systematically exempt the yield to savings from the tax base. Instead, a consistent progressive spending tax stands between an income tax, which double taxes all savings, and a prepaid consumption, yield exempt, or (all equivalently) wage tax, which never taxes any savings. A consistent progressive spending tax taxes the yield to capital when (but only when) it is used to elevate material lifestyles, not when capital transactions (savings, investing, borrowing) are used to smooth out, in time, a taxpayer's labor market earnings. This is an attractive ideal, as argued at greater length in McCaffery 2005a. It is also noted that such a progressive spending tax is a normatively attractive "hybrid," in that it taxes some but not all savings, and in a principled and appealing way, in contrast to the flawed practice of engrafting consumption tax elements (of either sort, pre or post paid) onto an income tax base. See McCaffery 2005b.
Mothers' experience with household roles and social support during the first postpartum year

This prospective, longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the changes in the division of household labor, and in the emotional and practical support received by new mothers during the first postpartum year. Questionnaires were completed by 436 married, recently employed mothers at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after they had delivered their first child. Results showed that women assumed primary responsibility for the majority of household tasks studied, and that they perceived declines over time in their husbands' participation in household chores, their husbands' and others' expressions of caring, and in the frequency with which friends and relatives "helped out" during the year. Women who had had cesarean sections (versus those with vaginal deliveries) and who returned to work (versus those who stayed home) believed their husbands participated more in traditionally feminine household chores. Women's satisfaction with their husbands' contribution to household activities was significantly related to their own mental health, delivery type (cesarean section), job status (being at home vs. back at work), and family income; and to their husbands' occupation, expressions of caring, and participation in child care and certain household chores (house cleaning, grocery shopping, cooking, washing clothes and dishes, household repairs, car maintenance, and garbage removal). Overall, these findings showed diminishing levels of emotional and practical support for women at a time when the need for support was likely greater: following the birth of their first child.
Cleavage of pyrene-stabilized RNA bulge loops by trans-(±)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine

Chemical agents that cleave HIV genome can be potentially used for anti-HIV therapy. In this report, the cleavage of the upper stem-loop region of HIV-1 TAR RNA was studied in a variety of buffers containing organic catalysts. trans-(±)-Cyclohexane-1,2-diamine was found to cleave the RNA with the highest activity (31%, 37°C, 18 h). Cleavage of the RNA in trans-(±)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine buffer was also studied when the RNA was hybridized with complementary DNAs. A pyrene-modified C3 spacer was incorporated to the DNA strand to facilitate the formation of a RNA bulge loop in the RNA/DNA duplex. In contrast, unmodified DNAs cannot efficiently generate RNA bulge loops, regardless of the DNA sequences. The results showed that the pyrene-stablized RNA bulge loops were efficiently and site-specifically cleaved by trans-(±)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine.
Development of an anodically-bonded test surface to obtain fundamental liquid immersion thermal management data for electronic devices

Abstract The study described in this paper aims at designing and developing the fabrication technique for an enhanced surface heat sink to document one dimensional pool boiling heat transfer data. The heat sink was designed to simulate a multichip module and symmetry was incorporated to eliminate back heat loss. Anodic bonding, a commonly used technique in the fabrication of sensors and actuators, was used to create silicon-to-glass and aluminum-to-glass bonds. Using glass, a low conductivity substrate, minimized spreading losses. Surface enhancement was achieved by fabricating micro-pyramidal surface structures using tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) anisotropic etch of 〈1 0 0〉 silicon. The micro-pyramidal cavities were 149 μm tall, with a 40 μm square mouth opening, arranged in a square array. Elimination of the back side heat loss and spreading ensured one dimensional heat transfer and also yielded a more realistic number for the critical heat flux (CHF). The dielectric fluid, FC 72, a popular choice for direct immersion cooling systems was the test fluid. The paper compares the results of the fabricated heat sink with a similar enhanced heat sink etched in silicon.
A comparison of active ingredients and preservatives between brand name and generic topical glaucoma medications using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Background: This work compares the concentration of active ingredients and preservatives in commonly used brand name versus generic glaucoma medications.Materials and Methods: Active ingredient and benzalkonium chloride (BAK) concentrations in brand name latanoprost and dorzolamide-timolol were each compared to two generic counterparts using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry at baseline and after exposure to 25°C and 50°C for 30 days. Micro flow imaging was used to quantify particulate material greater than one micron in diameter.Results: Brand name formulations contained active ingredients and BAK in concentrations that were generally in agreement with their package inserts at baseline. The two generic formulations of latanoprost contained baseline levels of active ingredients that were 10% greater than their labeled value. Generic latanoprost formulations had significant loss of active ingredient concentration after exposure to 25°C and 50°C for 30 days. Both generic and brand name dorzolamide-tim...
Overview of Strategies for the CVD of Organic Films and Functional Polymer Layers

Vapor based polymer deposition methods have evolved to address the limitations of solution polymerization. However this field of vapor based polymerization suffers from varied nomenclature and would benefit from a review article that brought together the different approaches to vapor based polymerization with an effort to present existing nomenclature, clearly identify the various approaches within this field and summarize recent results. This review article is written with the purpose of compiling recent advances in vapor based deposition methods of polymers with a focus on applications that will continue to drive research in this field. We hope that this article encourages researchers engineering novel polymer applications to give vapor based polymerization a serious consideration apart from solution polymerization methods.
Hormesis for fine particulate matter (PM 2.5).

The hypothesis of hormesis – that substances that harm health at high exposures can reduce risks below background at low exposures, e.g., if they activate defenses without overwhelming them – becomes important for practical policy making if it holds for regulated substances. Recently, the U.S. EPA concluded that reductions in ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in air caused trillions of dollars worth of human health benefits for a compliance cost of only about $65 billion per year. This conclusion depends on an unverified assumption of a positive, causal, straight-line relation between PM2.5 concentrations and mortality risks. We review empirical data on PM2.5 and mortality risks (and their precursors, inflammatory responses) and conclude that the PM2.5 concentration-response relation may be J-shaped, rather than linear. This possibility implies that the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment may well have produced no (or negative) human health benefits, rather than the trillions of dollars worth of reduced mortalities ascribed to it by EPA; and that attempts to achieve further risk-reduction benefits by further reducing PM2.5 concentrations may be counterproductive. This creates a very high value for scientific information that better reveals the true shape of the PM2.5 concentration-response function at and below current ambient levels.
A Mutual Exclusion Algorithm for Ad Hoc Mobile Networks

A fault-tolerant distributed mutual exclusion algorithm that adjusts to node mobility is presented, along with proof of correctness and simulation results. The algorithm requires nodes to communicate with only their current neighbors, making it well-suited to the ad hoc environment. Experimental results indicate that adaptation to mobility can improve performance over that of similar non-adaptive algorithms when nodes are mobile.
Vagus nerve stimulation therapy in patients with autism spectrum disorder and intractable epilepsy: Results from the vagus nerve stimulation therapy patient outcome registry - Clinical article

Object The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy on quality-of-life (QOL) variables among patients with both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and persistent or recurrent intractable epilepsy. Methods Data were obtained from the VNS therapy patient outcome registry, which was established after US FDA approval of the VNS device in 1997 as a means of capturing open-label clinical data outside of protocol. The integrity of the systems for collecting and processing registry data was authenticated by an independent auditing agency. The effect of potential selection bias, however, remains uncertain. Results Two cohorts were compared: 1) patients with epilepsy but without ASD (non-ASD [NASD] Group, 315 patients) who were being tracked in the registry (this cohort, which was controlled for age, included patients 20 years of age or younger); and 2) patients with a diagnosis of ASD who underwent implantation of the VNS device (ASD Group, 77 patients). Differe...
Functional and Nonfunctional Female Receptivity Signals in the Parasitoid Wasp Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

In many taxa, females signal during courtship when they are receptive. However, just because a female signals does not mean that the male responds to the signal. This study examines female signaling of receptivity (readiness to copulate) and male response in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius Walker. Females folded their antennae against their heads when they were receptive, and antennal folding has been shown to be effective in eliciting male copulation attempts in a confamilial. However, male S. endius did not respond to antennal folding: males did not contact the female's antennae during courtship, and how quickly a male attempted copulation was independent of whether or not the female had antennae. Males courted from on top of the female's abdomen and appeared to detect receptivity directly from the female's abdomen rising as her genital orifice opened. On females whose abdomens did not rise, initiation of male copulation attempts were delayed but not eliminated. Based on its current lack of function as a receptivity signal and on comparisons to published reports of mating behavior in confamilials, we hypothesize that female antennal folding at receptivity is a vestigial trait in S. endius.
Functionalized Inorganic Membranes for High-Temperature CO 2 /N 2 Separation

Inorganic membranes play an important role in the development of economical processes for pre-combustion and/or post-combustion capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temperatures. Mesoporous silica, due to its chemical and mechanical properties, is considered as a candidate for the capture of CO2 at high temperatures. Bare silica membranes exhibit Knudsen diffusion behavior for most gases but also exhibit the contribution of surface diffusion for heavier or interacting gases such as CO2 and CH4. The CO2/N2 selectivity of mesoporous silica membranes can be enhanced by surface modification using aminosilanes such as APTS (3-aminopropyl-triethoxy silane). The important aspect of such modified membranes is that they can be operated at high temperatures typically encountered in post-combustion gas streams (flue gas). For modified silica membranes, mixed gas separation factors as high as 10 for CO2 over N2 were observed. The transport mechanism in such membranes is the reaction of CO2 with the amine groups (in aminosilanes) to form a carbamate species and subsequent surface “hopping” of carbon dioxide. Under ambient conditions, CO2 is strongly bounded to the amine groups and thus greatly inhibits the surface diffusion of CO2; however, as the temperature increases, the CO2 permeance increases and selective transport of CO2 is observed. Thus, in surface-modified facilitated transport membranes, economical CO2 separation is achieved through the combination of the chemical reaction of CO2 associated with amine absorption along with the simplicity and low operating costs of membrane processes.
Quality versus quantity: The role of socioeconomic status on parent-reported service knowledge, service use, unmet service needs, and barriers to service use

Research within the autism spectrum disorder field has emphasized the role of socioeconomic status in shaping parents' ability to access services for their child with autism spectrum disorder. However, research has yet to explore the possible mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study sought to address this research gap by examining the following questions: (1) Does parents' service knowledge mediate the relationship between parent socioeconomic status and parents' autism spectrum disorder service use? (2) What are parents' reported service needs and service barriers, and do these needs vary across higher and lower socioeconomic status groups? Quantitative results from 244 parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder indicate that parents' autism spectrum disorder service knowledge partially mediates the relationship between parent socioeconomic status and parents' autism spectrum disorder service use. Qualitative findings helped to clarify this relationship by suggesting that both high and low socioeconomic status parents are aware of their child's basic autism spectrum disorder needs. However, low socioeconomic status parents more often report needing more information about services and more in-home services and emphasize that a number of structural barriers impede their ability to meet their child's autism spectrum disorder needs. On the other hand, high socioeconomic status parents more often report a need for "higher quality services," possibly reflecting their better recognition of best practice guidelines. These results highlight the need for a multi-pronged approach to tackling unmet service needs within the autism spectrum disorder field.
Mediation of aldosterone induced anti-natriuresis via RNA-synthesis de novo.

SummaryUsing the determination of the incorporation of orotic arid-6-C14 into mi-crosomal RNA-synthesis, de novo, it was found that aldosterone increased the mi-crosomal level of RNA at about the time it enhanced sodium reabsorption. The lack of an effect of aldosterone on sodium reabsorption before an increase in RNA-synthesis could be detected is consistent with the hypothesis that this hormone mediates its anti-natriuretic action, in vivo, via DNA directed synthesis of RNA.
Biochemical significance of serum glycoproteins. I. Changes in rat serum following injury.

SummaryChanges produced in distribution of serum proteins of rats by injury were studied using paper electrophoresis. The electrophoretic distribution of glycoproteins was determined by measuring the concentrations of hexosamine in 4 zones, albumin + α1, α2, β, and γ globulins. Parallel elevations of serum hexosamines and proteins which are classified as α2 and β globulins were observed in response to 2 kinds of experimental injury. These increases reached maximum proportions 2 to 4 days after injury.
Extended Metaphors are the Home Runs of Persuasion: Don’t Fumble the Phrase

ABSTRACTMetaphors pervade discussions of critical issues and influence how people reason about these domains. For instance, when crime is a beast people are more likely to suggest enforcement-oriented approaches to crime-reduction (e.g., by augmenting the police force); reading that crime is a virus, on the other hand, leads people to suggest systemic reforms for the affected community. In the current study, we find that extending metaphoric language into the descriptions of policy interventions bolstered the persuasive influence of metaphoric frames for important issues. That is, in response to a crime virus people were even more likely to endorse social reforms that were described as “treatments,” while in response to a crime beast people were even more likely to endorse “attacking” the problem with harsh enforcement tactics. Of note, people were not simply drawn to extensions of previously instantiated metaphors: when extended metaphors were paired with a conceptually incongruent policy intervention (e...
The 2012 Analysis of the Situation of HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing of Wuhua District Kunming City

Objective Via voluntary counseling testing( VCT) for AIDS,the HIV infected persons( HIV) and AIDS( AIDS) can be discovered timely and we can investigate their characteristics to take some intervening measures,which will play an important role for VCT in the future. Method The medical staff with licenses talk with the inquiring people face to face and fill in the special form,then have a free beginning antibody screening test for the inquiring 1734 people who agree to as well as analyze consulting test results and so on. Result Inquiring people in all. male 38. 52%,female 61. 48%; Most of them are young adults( aged 20 to 50, 85. 29%) by expanding our service( 56. 63%). 70. 30% of the inquiring people have sexual contact with the infected people,the male of the HIV covers 8. 59%,which is larger,the male of the spouse / lifetime partners is 35. 06%. Conclusion Most of the inquiring people of VCT are high- risk young female adults with sexual contact,and the rate of the infected of HIV is very high,especially for the male of the spouse / lifetime partners. It is very important for high- risk people,especially the behavior intervention of male spouse as well as the health education to improve the high quality of the VCT work and make full use of the outreach services platform.
Epidemiological analysis of bacillary dysentery in Yanqing county of Beijing,2005-2012

Objective To explore the incidence and epidemiological features of bacillary dysentery during 2005 to 2012 in Yanqing County of Beijing,and to provide scientific evidence for formulating strategy of its prevention and control. Methods Data of bacillary dysentery cases were collected and analysed during 2005- 2012. Descriptive epidemiological method was enrolled in the study. Results There were 2415 cases of bacillary dysentery diagnosed during the study period,and the average rate of annual incidence was 106. 60 per 100000. The peak of occurrence,which had an apparent seasonality,was from May to October each year. The main groups of cases were children,students and farmers. The incidence rate in male was higher than that in female. Conclusion The incidence of bacillary dysentery showed a cyclical fluctuation trend during the recent 8 years,however,it became stable in the past two years. Students,children and farmers were the main target groups for disease prevention and control. Comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of bacillary dysentery.
Horseshoe thrombus in a patient with mechanical prosthetic mitral valve: A case report and review of literature

Patients with prosthetic cardiac valves are at high risk for thromboembolic complications and need life long anticoagulation with warfarin, which can be associated with variable dose requirements and fluctuating level of systemic anticoagulation and may predispose to thromboembolic and or hemorrhagic complications. Prosthetic cardiac valve thrombosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A high index of suspicion is essential for prompt diagnosis. Transthoracic echocardiography, and if required transesophageal echocardiography are the main diagnostic imaging modalities. Medically stable patients can be managed with thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulation, while some patients may require surgical thrombectomy or valve replacement. We present a case report of a patient with prosthetic mitral valve and an unusually large left atrial thrombus with both thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications.
Dashboards and Reporting

When running your project, you will generate a lot of data. Data from the Agile tools—such as Scrum, Kanban, and portfolio management—and other data such as code, test, and release data. Fortunately, Visual Studio Team Services has a querying system built-in and the ability to create dashboards for an up-to-date overview of your project. This chapter discusses the dashboard, query, and notification functionality of VS Team Services. You will also look at how to search through your code.
Dynamic Analytical Capability to Better Understand and Anticipate Extremist Shifts Within Populations under Authoritarian Regimes.

The purpose of this work is to create a generalizable data- and theory-supported capability to better understand and anticipate (with quantifiable uncertainty): 1) how the dynamics of allegiance formations between various groups and society are impacted by active conflict and by third-party interventions and 2) how/why extremist allegiances co-evolve over time due to changing geopolitical, sociocultural, and military conditions.
Putting the "th" in Tenths: Providing Place-Value Labels Helps Reveal the Structure of Our Base-10 Numeral System.

Research has demonstrated that providing labels helps children notice key features of examples. Much less is known about how different labels impact children’s ability to make inferences about the structure underlying mathematical notation. We tested the impact of labeling decimals such as 0.34 using formal place-value labels (“3 tenths and 4 hundredths”) compared to informal labels (“point three four”) or no labels on children’s problem-solving performance. Third- and fourth-graders (N = 104) learned to label decimals while playing a magnitude comparison game and placing decimals on a number line. Formal labels facilitated performance on problems that required understanding the role of zero. Further, formal labels led to lower performance on problems where a whole-number bias led to a correct answer, suggesting that formal labels may have reduced a whole-number bias. Overall, formal labels helped highlight the place-value structure of decimals, indicating that labels can help children notice mathematical...