cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Holocene History of the Laptev Sea Continental Shelf

The 400-km-wide, low gradient Laptev Sea continental shelf consists of flat terrace-like features at regular depth intervals from 10 to 40 m below present sea level. The five large submarine valleys traversing the shelf do not continuously grade seaward, but contain elongated, closed basins. These terraces and closed basins plus deltaic sediments associated with the submarine valleys quite possibly mark sea level Stillstands, and enable reconstruction of the paleogeography of the Laptev Sea shore line at five periods during post-Wisconsin (Holocene) time.
On Japanese Passives

1. Two treatments of passive sentences have been proposed in recent years in the transformational syntax of Japanese. Following Howard and Niyekawa-Howard (1976), I refer to them as the ‘uniform’ and the ‘nonuniform’ theory of Japanese passives.
The management of mild and moderate head injuries.

Most head injuries are of mild or moderate severity. Mortality is generally low, although significant morbidity may result. The early evaluation and management is focused upon the early identification of patients with potential for neurologic deterioration. Sequelae of mild and moderate head injuries include neuropsychologic deficits and postconcussional symptoms such as headache, dizziness, anxiety, and fatigue.
Hyper flow and intracranial hypertension in diffuse axonal injury: an update to gennarelli doctrine.

Twelve consecutive paediatric (six) and adult (six) patients harbouring a neuroradiological pattern consistent with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) along with slit ventricles underwent haemodynamic study in the Intensive Care Unit of our University. All the patients had GCS scores less than 8 after a severe brain injury, serial head computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) scans demonstrated a radiological pattern of DAI. Transcranial Doppier Sonography (TCD) of the middle cerebral arteries was performed through the temporal bone window in all the patients. All patients but one underwent a continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral extraction of O2 (CEO2). Therapy with barbiturates and hyperventilation was necessary in all the cases. In two patients (one adult and one paediatric) a bilateral decompressive craniectomy was performed in order to decrease a severe intracranial hypertension. Hyperflow along with intracranial hypertension, variably responsive to barbiturate therapy, was observed in all the patients by means of TCD and CEO2. In our patients intracranial hypertension along with hyperflow syndrome were found associated with DAI. Medical as well as surgical treatments were tailored according to the haemodynamic study.
Genome-Wide Identification of NBS-Encoding Resistance Genes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

Nucleotide Binding Site—Leucine-Rich Repeat (NBS-LRR) genes encode disease resistance proteins involved in plants’ defense against their pathogens. Although sunflower is affected by many diseases, only a few molecular details have been uncovered regarding pathogenesis and resistance mechanisms. Recent availability of sunflower whole genome sequences in publicly accessible databases allowed us to accomplish a genome-wide identification of Toll-interleukin-1 receptor-like Nucleotide-binding site Leucine-rich repeat (TNL), Coiled Coil (CC)-NBS-LRR (CNL), Resistance to powdery mildew8 (RPW8)-NBS-LRR (RNL) and NBS-LRR (NL) protein encoding genes. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) profiling of 52,243 putative protein sequences from sunflower resulted in 352 NBS-encoding genes, among which 100 genes belong to CNL group including 64 genes with RX_CC like domain, 77 to TNL, 13 to RNL, and 162 belong to NL group. We also identified signal peptides and nuclear localization signals present in the identified genes and their homologs. We found that NBS genes were located on all chromosomes and formed 75 gene clusters, one-third of which were located on chromosome 13. Phylogenetic analyses between sunflower and Arabidopsis NBS genes revealed a clade-specific nesting pattern in CNLs, with RNLs nested in the CNL-A clade, and species-specific nesting pattern for TNLs. Surprisingly, we found a moderate bootstrap support (BS = 50%) for CNL-A clade being nested within TNL clade making both the CNL and TNL clades paraphyletic. Arabidopsis and sunflower showed 87 syntenic blocks with 1049 high synteny hits between chromosome 5 of Arabidopsis and chromosome 6 of sunflower. Expression data revealed functional divergence of the NBS genes with basal level tissue-specific expression. This study represents the first genome-wide identification of NBS genes in sunflower paving avenues for functional characterization and potential crop improvement.
COPD Guidelines: A Review of the 2018 GOLD Report.

Abstract Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD 2018 is a consensus report published periodically since 2001 by an international panel of health professionals from respiratory medicine, socioeconomics, public health, and education comprising the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). The GOLD documents endeavor to incorporate latest evidence and expert consensus and are intended for use as "strategy documents" for implementation of effective care for chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) on a global level. The GOLD 2018 report defines COPD as a "common, preventable and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities, usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases," with the criteria of "persistent respiratory symptoms" being a new and controversial inclusion since 2017. With the availability of newer pharmacotherapy options, treatment recommendations are made on the basis of a review of the latest literature and directed by symptom burden and health care utilization. Apart from the change in definition, a major shift in the recommendations is the exclusion of severity of airflow limitation as one of the major factors in guiding therapy. We review the salient features of the GOLD 2018 document and provide commentary on features that merit further discussion based on our clinical experience and practice as well as literature review current as of February 2018.
Online Adaptive Optimum Coordination of Overcurrent Relays

In power distribution systems, overcurrent relays (OC) are widely used for protection of the systems. The problem of overcurrent relay coordination in protection systems consists of selecting appropriate settings, satisfying the requirements of sensitivity, selectivity, reliability, and speed [1]. Existing optimum coordination methods usually assume conditions of fixed DG output and constant load in the distribution system, which is the static condition for the distribution system. When there is a variation of load or distributed generations in the distribution system, the above optimum coordination methods will fail to find the most desirable coordination of overcurrent relays under prevailing operating conditions. This paper proposes a novel solution for online adaptive coordination of overcurrent relays considering significant load variation and renewable generation variation for systems with increasing integration of renewable energy sources.
Rationalizing Secondary Pharmacology Screening Using Human Genetic and Pharmacological Evidence

Safety-related drug failures remain a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. One approach to ensuring drug safety involves assessing small molecule drug specificity by examining the ability of a drug candidate to interact with a panel of "off-target" proteins, referred to as secondary pharmacology screening. Information from human genetics and pharmacology can be used to select proteins associated with adverse effects for such screening. In an analysis of marketed drugs, we found a clear relationship between the genetic and pharmacological phenotypes of a drug's off-target proteins and the observed drug side effects. In addition to using this phenotypic information for the selection of secondary pharmacology screens, we also show that it can be used to help identify drug off-target protein interactions responsible for drug-related adverse events. We anticipate that this phenotype-driven approach to secondary pharmacology screening will help to reduce safety-related drug failures due to drug off-target protein interactions.
A Star Is Branded and the Fan Is Dead: Neoliberal Time-Consciousness and the Strange Obsession of Shah Rukh Khan with His Fans

In three recent films, Shah Rukh Khan, the leading star of contemporary Bombay cinema, appears preoccupied with the star–fan relationship, presenting the star and his fans as mirrors of each other’s anxieties and desires. This mirroring, I suggest, rehearses the shifts in time-consciousness that has accompanied India’s neoliberal turn. At one level, these films lament the passing away of one of the key pleasures of Bombay cinema fandom, that is, the collective celebration of a joyful indifference to time’s passing. At another level, they portray the anxieties of an aging star who has, with a certain desperation, been turning himself into a brand. These explorations of time-consciousness are symptomatic of the internal disorientations of a class that benefitted the most from the neoliberal turn—that is, the urban—middle class, which now experiences time as an antagonist in whose claws each moment is an opportunity to be won or lost against competitive others.
New Design of a Fractional Order Controller Based on Padé Approximation to Enhance a Stable Power System Load Frequency

This paper introduces a design technique of a novel fractional order (FO) proportional-integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The new control technique is a strategy to design a power system stabilizer (PSS) based on Pade approximation (PA). This control strategy is to enhance power system load frequency stability. Load frequency oscillations always follow disturbances that may occur at any point and at any time in power systems, and can affect its performance. This type of PSS controllers is designed specially for the damping of load frequency state variations in power systems. The simple single synchronous machine connected to an infinite bus (SMIB) power system model is taken under study in this paper. Design, analysis and stability tests of the proposed FO-PID controller and its effectiveness are performed for different cases in the proposed power system. MATLAB package is used to carry out the different simulations of power system model with its control strategy. Simulation results in different situations are presented, compared and discussed between two main cases; with system classical control, and with the proposed control strategy. These results present and show the important effects of FO-PID-PSS-PA controllers on the reduction of load frequency oscillations in the proposed power system.
Developing bioinspired approaches in undergraduate architecture curricula: Incorporating computational methods

ABSTRACT: Bioinspiration, biomimicry, biomimetics, are some of the terms being increasingly referenced in the fields of architecture and building engineering in the search for innovation towards sustainability, energy and resource efficiency. Some scholars define biomimetics as an interdisciplinary scientific field and emphasize the complexity of translating an inspiration from nature to a final technological product. The focus is to gain a deeper understanding of functional analogies, processes and mechanisms that aim to abstract fundamental principles beyond morphological analogies which are primarily focusing on the formal aspects. In this paper, the author examines pedagogical research in bioinspired approaches incorporating computational design methods. This research acknowledges the lack of formalized bioinspired design methods and explains pedagogical case studies to expand the literature. The method is particularly applied in design courses that apply computational methods. The findings suggest that the pedagogical explorations are compatible with methods found in literature and demonstrate that computational tools and methods are important support tools for biomorphic form translations and generations, functional analysis, and prototyping. KEYWORDS: Bioinspired design, generative design, fiber composites, curricular innovation, sustainability
Assessing Change in Physician Practice Organization Profile in South Carolina: A Longitudinal Study

BACKGROUND Physician practice organization is shifting away from solo, independent practices toward direct employment, but trends for rural-urban differences are often analyzed by dichotomizing rurality. The purpose of this analysis was to examine trends in practice organization across 3 levels of rurality over a 21-year period in South Carolina. METHODS Physician license renewal forms were used to ascertain type of practice organization where physicians worked in South Carolina between 1995 and 2015. Physicians were divided into 4 categories: physicians in independent solo practices, physicians in independent group practices, employed physicians, and other. Historical trends in type of practice organization were evaluated for each level of rurality (metropolitan, micropolitan, and small adjacent/remote rural) using the National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint regression models. RESULTS There was a continual increase in physician renewals indicating employment, with an average annual increase of 5.9%. Micropolitan rural counties demonstrated the greatest average increase in license renewals for employed physicians (average annual increase = 7.4%; P < .05). The ratio of license renewals per 100,000 population for physicians in independent solo practices declined significantly over time. Micropolitan and small adjacent/remote rural counties saw an increase in the annual decline for this type of practice organization in 2007. CONCLUSIONS A shift toward physician employment was observed at all levels of rurality. Rural counties exhibited a more pronounced transition between the types of practice organization compared to metropolitan counties. Research is needed to address the implications of these changes for rural providers and patients.
The Impact of Explicit Comprehension Strategy Instruction on First- and Second-Grade At-Risk Students.

This study examined the impact of explicit comprehension strategy instruction supported by guided reading and partner reading on at-risk students’ strategy knowledge and reading comprehension. Part...
Detection of Postictal Generalized Electroencephalogram Suppression: Random Forest Approach.

Background Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is second only to stroke in neurological events resulting in years of potential life lost. Postictal generalized electroencephalogram (EEG) suppression (PGES) is a period of suppressed brain activity often occurring after generalized tonic-clonic seizure, a most significant risk factor for SUDEP. Therefore, PGES has been considered as a potential biomarker for SUDEP risk. Automatic PGES detection tools can address the limitations of labor-intensive, and sometimes inconsistent, visual analysis. A successful approach to automatic PGES detection must overcome computational challenges involved in the detection of subtle amplitude changes in EEG recordings, which may contain physiological and acquisition artifacts. Objective This study aimed to present a random forest approach for automatic PGES detection using multichannel human EEG recordings acquired in epilepsy monitoring units. Methods We used a combination of temporal, frequency, wavelet, and interchannel correlation features derived from EEG signals to train a random forest classifier. We also constructed and applied confidence-based correction rules based on PGES state changes. Motivated by practical utility, we introduced a new, time distance-based evaluation method for assessing the performance of PGES detection algorithms. Results The time distance-based evaluation showed that our approach achieved a 5-second tolerance-based positive prediction rate of 0.95 for artifact-free signals. For signals with different artifact levels, our prediction rates varied from 0.68 to 0.81. Conclusions We introduced a feature-based, random forest approach for automatic PGES detection using multichannel EEG recordings. Our approach achieved increasingly better time distance-based performance with reduced signal artifact levels. Further study is needed for PGES detection algorithms to perform well irrespective of the levels of signal artifacts.
Integral Transforms on Homogeneous Spaces of the de Sitter and Conformal Groups

Solutions to many problems in physics often invoke the use of integral transforms which are associated with certain invariance or transformation groups of the particular physical system under consideration. The most well-known example is the use of the Fourier transform in problems of non-relativistic and relativistic physics. There are other integral transforms which are also very useful. Fock’s solution to the bound state hydrogen atom problem1 uses an integral transform which is related, thru stereographic projection from S3 onto R3, to a Knapp-Stein intertwining operator2 of the associated SO0(1,4) transformation group of the problem.3 The Wightman function for a masseless scalar field is a kernel of an intertwining operator between two elementary representations (ERs) of the conformal group.4 We also wish to note the use of the Radon transform in problems of radiography.5
Chapter 9 – Other Applications

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a variety of titanium (Ti) applications. The CpTi and Ti-based alloys are usually used as fixtures for dental implantation. When these metals are used as restoratives for anterior teeth, the metal prostheses are covered with esthetic materials, such as porcelain or resin. The denture bases are presently manufactured mainly by a casting process of Co-Cr or Ni- Cr alloys. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is a biocompatible metal with both high strength and low density, and is considered to be the best material for denture bases. It has superplastic properties at high temperatures, forming very simple processes by argon pressure at 800–900°C. When constructing removable dentures— the implant supported prostheses, the resin-bonded bridges, and the interfacial bond between metal and acrylic resin are completely reliable. Numerous investigations such as—the surface treatments of the alloys by macro-, micromechanical-, chemical methods, or by the addition of chemical bonding agents to acrylic, are shown to enhance retention.
Right ventricle in sepsis: clinical and research priority.

Sepsis remains a significant health challenge affecting more than 750 000 patients each year in the USA. In recent times, there has been an increasing recognition and understanding of cardiac involvement in sepsis.1 2 Septic cardiomyopathy is described as acute-onset reversible cardiac dysfunction developing in the setting of sepsis, which may present as systolic and or diastolic dysfunction of one or both ventricles in the absence of an ischaemic event.2 Prior studies have largely focused on left ventricular involvement; however, in recent times, there has been greater recognition of right ventricular (RV) involvement in sepsis.1 In this issue of Heart , Kim and colleagues present a timely study looking at the impact of RV dysfunction on the clinical outcomes of septic shock.3 This single-centre retrospective study performed transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) <72 hours of admission in patients with septic shock. They excluded patients with congenital heart disease, symptomatic heart failure, moderate or greater valvular heart disease, and prior TTE abnormalities. The primary outcome of 28-day mortality was higher in patients with septic cardiomyopathy (35.9% vs 26.8%, p<0.01), particularly in patients with isolated RV dysfunction (5.2% vs 2.2%, p=0.04) and combined left ventricular systolic and RV dysfunction (8.6% vs 4.6%, p=0.03). Multivariate analysis showed RV dysfunction to be independently associated with higher 28-day morality. We commend the authors for their work addressing important …
Levetiracetam vs. phenytoin as 2nd-line treatment for status epilepticus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Objective The objective of the study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) or phenytoin (PHT) as second-line treatment for status epilepticus (SE). Methods PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scopus, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were assessed for prospective randomized trials comparing LEV with PHT as second-line treatment of SE published from inception until December 18th, 2019. The primary outcome was seizure cessation. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model. Quality analysis was performed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2). The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020136417). Results Nine studies with a total of 1732 patients were included. Overall, seizure cessation occurred in 657 of 887 (74%) of patients in the LEV group and 600 of 845 (71%) in the PHT group. Treatment success did not differ significantly between groups, and the relative risk (RR) was 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98–1.12; I2 = 53%). Six of the studies were at low risk of bias, one study had some risk, and two studies had high risk. Conclusions The use of LEV or PHT as second-line agents after benzodiazepine (BZD) for the treatment of SE was not associated with a difference in seizure cessation. Because there are minimal differences in efficacy at this time, clinicians should consider alternative factors when deciding on an antiepileptic drug (AED).
Weight-Based Enoxaparin Achieves Adequate Anti-Xa Levels More Often in Trauma Patients: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND Previous research demonstrates that twice-daily enoxaparin is inadequate for venous thromboembolic (VTE) prophylaxis in critically ill trauma patients prompting dose adjustment based on anti-Xa levels. Most studies evaluate peak anti-Xa levels; however, data suggest that trough levels are associated with decreased VTE. We evaluated trough anti-Xa levels in noncritically ill trauma patients receiving fixed or weight-based enoxaparin. METHODS Peak and trough anti-Xa levels were prospectively collected from patients receiving at least 3 consecutive doses of enoxaparin (PRE). A performance improvement project prompted a change to weight-based dosing. Peak and trough levels were subsequently prospectively collected from the weight-based group (POST). Adequate peak was defined as ≥0.2 IU/mL and adequate trough as ≥0.1 IU/mL. PRE and POST groups were compared. RESULTS 200 patients were evaluated (100 PRE, 100 POST). In the PRE group, only 34% of trough and 61% of peak anti-Xa levels were adequate compared with 82% and 97%, respectively, in the POST group (P < .01). Median trough improved from 0.07 IU/mL to 0.2 IU/mL (P < .01). Median peak improved from 0.22 IU/mL to 0.47 IU/mL (P < .01). More patients achieved adequate peak and trough levels in the POST group (79% vs 31%, P < .01). 95% of patients with adequate troughs also had adequate peaks, whereas 75% with adequate peaks had adequate troughs. DISCUSSION Traditional enoxaparin dosing in noncritically ill trauma patients results in suboptimal anti-Xa levels. Weight-based enoxaparin improves both trough and peak anti-Xa levels obviating dose adjustment. Furthermore, troughs better predict adequate anti-Xa levels.
Input Accessibility: A Large Dataset and Summary Analysis of Age, Motor Ability and Input Performance

Age and motor ability are well-known to impact input performance. Past work examining these factors, however, has tended to focus on samples of 20-40 participants and has binned participants into a small set of age groups (e.g., “younger” vs. “older”). To foster a more nuanced understanding of how age and motor ability impact input performance, this short paper contributes: (1) a dataset from a large-scale study that captures input performance with a mouse and/or touchscreen from over 700 participants, as well as (2) summary analysis of a subset of 318 participants who range in age from 18 to 83 years old and of whom 53% reported a motor impairment. The analysis demonstrates the continuous relationship between age and input performance for users with and without motor impairments, but also illustrates that knowing a user's age and self-reported motor ability should not lead to assumptions about their input performance. The dataset, which contains mouse and touchscreen input traces, should allow for further exploration by other researchers.
Bortezomib significantly delays development of paraplegia in the 5TGM1 murine model of myeloma bone disease

3267 Despite recent therapeutic advances, there has been no significant improvement in overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma. Bortezomib (VELCADE®), a proteasome inhibitor whose anti-myeloma efficacy and safety has been validated in recent clinical trials, induces significant cytotoxicity in myeloma cells and reduces skeletal tumor burden in the well characterized murine 5TGM1 myeloma model compared with vehicle-treated controls. However, it remains unknown if bortezomib is also efficacious with respect to survival. Here, we evaluated the effect of bortezomib, using time to paraplegia as a surrogate end point for survival, in myeloma-bearing mice. Skeletal tumor growth and progression were followed temporally in mice by whole body optical fluorescence imaging, since there is concordance between development of paraplegia and extent of tumor in skeleton determined by GFP imaging. Syngeneic C57BL/KaLwRij mice inoculated with 5TGM1-GFP cells were treated, from time of tumor inoculation for 28 days, either with vehicle or bortezomib (0.5 or 1mg/kg). Bortezomib, which was well tolerated with no overt toxicity as evaluated by weight gain and at necropsy, dose-dependently prolonged time to development of paraplegia in tumor-bearing animals. Compared to vehicle-treated mice, time to paraplegia was significantly longer in bortezomib (1mg/kg)-treated mice (median, 31 vs 54 days). In contrast to vehicle-treated tumor-bearing mice which had all succumbed by day 33 post-tumor cell inoculation, all bortezomib-treated mice remained alive and well 49 days after tumor cell inoculation although small fluorescent tumor foci were detectable in parts of the skeleton in 5/10 mice from day 42. An additional group of mice, inoculated with tumor cells and treated with 1mg/kg bortezomib continuously from time of tumor cell inoculation, remained alive and well past day 60. To further delineate mechanisms by which bortezomib exerts its effect to delay development of paraplegia, mice inoculated with 5TGM1 cells were treated with vehicle for the first 21 days and thereafter all mice with confirmed skeletal tumors were randomized to receive either vehicle or bortezomib (1mg/kg) continuously. Bortezomib, begun after myeloma disease establishment, extended time to paraplegia relative to tumor-bearing mice that received vehicle (median, 43 vs 27 days). Despite its reported in vitro anti-osteoclastogenic activity, there was surprisingly no significant difference in number or activity of TRAP+ osteoclasts in bone in vivo between bortezomib- and vehicle-treated groups, at doses tested. Together, these results demonstrate efficacy of clinically-achievable doses of bortezomib in prolonging time to paraplegia in myeloma-bearing mice and highlight the potential utility of the 5TGM1 model in evaluating combinations of bortezomib and chemotherapeutic drugs for enhanced efficacy in prolonging survival.
Contribution of astrocytes to neuropathology of neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract Classically, the loss of vulnerable neuronal populations in neurodegenerative diseases was considered to be the consequence of cell autonomous degeneration of neurons. However, progress in the understanding of glial function, the availability of improved animal models recapitulating the features of the human diseases, and the development of new approaches to derive glia and neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells obtained from patients, provided novel information that altered this view. Current evidence strongly supports the notion that non-cell autonomous mechanisms contribute to the demise of neurons in neurodegenerative disorders, and glia causally participate in the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases. In addition to microglia, astrocytes have emerged as key players in neurodegenerative diseases and will be the focus of the present review. Under the influence of pathological stimuli present in the microenvironment of the diseased CNS, astrocytes undergo morphological, transcriptional, and functional changes and become reactive. Reactive astrocytes are heterogeneous and exhibit neurotoxic (A1) or neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes. In recent years, single-cell or single-nucleus transcriptome analyses unraveled new, disease-specific phenotypes beyond A1/A2. These investigations highlighted the complexity of the astrocytic responses to CNS pathology. The present review will discuss the contribution of astrocytes to neurodegenerative diseases with particular emphasis on Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Some of the commonalties and differences in astrocyte-mediated mechanisms that possibly drive the pathogenesis or progression of the diseases will be summarized. The emerging view is that astrocytes are potential new targets for therapeutic interventions. A comprehensive understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity and disease-specific phenotypic complexity could facilitate the design of novel strategies to treat neurodegenerative disorders.
Examine the associations between smartphone hookup application uses and sexual health and relationship outcomes among college students.

Hookup apps, such as Tinder, have become vastly popular among college students, and hookup culture has become more normatively acceptable. The current study seeks to understand the associations of ...
Sophisticated Conversations between Chromatin and Chromatin Remodelers, and Dissonances in Cancer.

The establishment and maintenance of genome packaging into chromatin contribute to define specific cellular identity and function. Dynamic regulation of chromatin organization and nucleosome positioning are critical to all DNA transactions—in particular, the regulation of gene expression—and involve the cooperative action of sequence-specific DNA-binding factors, histone modifying enzymes, and remodelers. Remodelers are molecular machines that generate various chromatin landscapes, adjust nucleosome positioning, and alter DNA accessibility by using ATP binding and hydrolysis to perform DNA translocation, which is highly regulated through sophisticated structural and functional conversations with nucleosomes. In this review, I first present the functional and structural diversity of remodelers, while emphasizing the basic mechanism of DNA translocation, the common regulatory aspects, and the hand-in-hand progressive increase in complexity of the regulatory conversations between remodelers and nucleosomes that accompanies the increase in challenges of remodeling processes. Next, I examine how, through nucleosome positioning, remodelers guide the regulation of gene expression. Finally, I explore various aspects of how alterations/mutations in remodelers introduce dissonance into the conversations between remodelers and nucleosomes, modify chromatin organization, and contribute to oncogenesis.
Reduced uterine perfusion pressure alters angiogenic balance in the amniotic fluid and fetal lung of the rat (1085.9)

Placental ischemia, angiogenic imbalance in the maternal circulation, preterm birth and very low birth weight are characteristic features of preeclampsia. Although recent studies suggest preeclamps...
Design of computer simulation experiments for an introductory controls course

In this paper, experiments using computer simulations for an introductory controls course taught at North Dakota State University are described. These experiments serve to motivate the students, to build their intuition as to what the controller should look like, and to illustrate how and why feedback controllers work. Observations gained over the past two years as to what makes such experiments successful are discussed and the intent of homework assignments used throughout the semester are described.
Complementary Energy Method for Buckling of Plates

A general complementary energy method is developed for buckling of plates of an arbitrary shape and subjected to arbitrary edge loads. For the purpose of illustration, the proposed method is applied to obtain exact and approximate solutions for a number of problems of buckling of rectangular and circular plates.
Challenges and Opportunities for the Northeastern Forest Bioindustry

Given the interest in renewable energy sources across the United States, it is likely that biomass harvested directly from the forest will play an important role in creating and sustaining the forest bioindustry. This article shows that the Northeastern Region’s strengths (abundant forest resources and an established forest sector) provide the framework for a sustainable and viable forest bioindustry. Careful consideration must also be given to existing infrastructure, resource conditions, forest operations, public policy, and the wide range of social values likely to emerge as the industry grows. Challenges that must be addressed include improvements to the overall condition of the forest operations community, integration of new technologies into existing facilities, and assessment of the impact social values may have on the supply of raw materials and processing.
Measurement of the performance of a spiral wound polyimide regenerator in a pulse tube refrigerator

A regenerator for use in a pulse tube refrigerator has been constructed from a polyimide (polypyromellitimide or PPMI) whose small ratio of thermal conductivity to heat capacity make it a good candidate for a regenerator material in cryocoolers. The regenerator was fabricated using 25 μm thick photoresist strips bonded to a 50 μm thick sheet of PPMI. This composite sheet was wound in jelly-roll fashion around a mandrel and inserted into the regenerator housing. The photoresist strips, formed using a photolithographic technique, provided a 25 μm spacing for the axial flow of gas between each layer of PPMI. Ineffectiveness results are presented for this material under actual operating conditions in a pulse tube refrigerator and compared with a numerical model. The numerical model indicated that a polyimide regenerator would perform much better than one constructed of stainless steel screen, but the experimental results showed the opposite behavior. Measured values for the ineffectiveness were 0.003 for the stainless steel screen and 0.017 for the polyimide.
Swallow Remodeling of Respiratory Neural Networks

Swallow is defined as the coordinated neuromuscular activity of the mouth, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Movement of a bolus and air must be coordinated by swallow remodeling of respiratory pattern. The brainstem contains respiratory and swallow neural control networks that generate the pattern for breathing and swallow. Swallow control of respiration is proposed to be through recruitment of swallow neural elements that retask existing respiratory neural network elements. Swallow reconfiguration of the respiratory neural network is fundamental to airway protection and integrated with other airway protective reflexes. Thus, swallow, breathing, cough, and other airway defensive behaviors are produced by a central neural motor system that share elements. It is hypothesized that swallow and airway defensive behaviors are controlled by a recruited behavioral control assembly (BCA) system that is organized in a fashion that allows for precise coordination of the expression of these behaviors to maintain airway protection.
Numerical and Experimental Studies of Hydroxyl Radical Chemiluminescence in Methane-Air Flames

Abstract A numerical and experimental study of hydroxyl radical chemiluminescence from methane-air flames was performed. Measurements of the chemiluminescence per unit flame area for lean methane-air flames were obtained, and a model for use in predicting chemiluminescence was developed. The model was one-dimensional and unsteady, incorporating the equations of species continuity and energy, with temperature- and concentration-dependent transport and thermodynamic properties. The reaction mechanism included the chemiluminescent reaction, as well as reactions that both produced and quenched electronically excited OH. It was found, both experimentally and numerically, that the chemiluminescent intensity was highly dependent on the equivalence ratio. For !he range of equivalence ratios studied experimentally (0·65 < φ < 0·90) there was an exponential dependence of chemiluminescence on equivalence ratio. The predicted chemiluminescent intensity was most sensitive to the rate constant of the reaction, , in bot...
The Effect of S‐Nitroso‐Glutathione on Platelet and Leukocyte Function During Experimental Extracorporeal Circulation

Treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECMO) is associated with side effects, e.g., blood cell consumption and activation. Our group has earlier shown that nitric oxide administered as a gas reduces platelet consumption and activation. In the present work we have studied the effect of the NO-donor S-nitroso-glutathione GSNO) on platelets and leukocytes in an in vitro extracorporeal circuit. Two complete ECMO circuits were perfused with fresh heparinized human blood for 24 hours. GSNO was administered as a continuous infusion to one circuit at a rate of 0.7 mg/hour in four paired experiments and at a rate of 3.5 mg/hour in another four paired experiments. The other circuit was used as a control. Blood samples were withdrawn from both circuits before the start of the experiments and at 0.5, 1, 3, 12, and 24 hours of perfusion. The samples were analyzed for red blood cell count, leukocyte count, platelet count, platelet membrane expression of glycoproteins GP) Ib and GPIIb/IIIa, leukocyte membrane expression of cluster of differentiation CD) 11b/CD18, as well as plasma concentration of tumor necrosis factor TNF)-alpha, interleukin IL)-1beta, and IL-8. No difference in these parameters between the GSNO and the control circuit at any time point was assayed. In this study, no significant effect of GSNO on circulating platelets or leukocytes during experimental extracorporeal circulation could be shown.
High density lipoprotein inhibits low density lipoprotein binding and uptake by bovine aortic endothelial cells.

The antiatherogenic effect of high density lipoprotein (HDL) has been attributed to either an inhibition of cholesterol uptake or to reversed cholesterol transport from peripheral cells. In order to determine whether HDL competitively blocks receptor-mediated low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding and uptake, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) containing 10% LDL-free fetal bovine serum, and incubated with 125I-LDL in concentrations of either 10 or 25 micrograms protein/mL. Varying amounts of HDL (0-200 micrograms/mL) were added to the media. Following a twenty-four hour incubation period at 37 degrees C, 125I-LDL binding and uptake were measured. At the lower concentration of 125I-LDL, which represents high-affinity receptor binding, there was no significant difference in either binding or uptake within the range of HDL concentrations studied. At the higher concentration of LDL, however, there was a marked inhibition of 125I-LDL binding (p less than .006) and uptake (p less than, 001; ANOVA), which did not saturate at the highest HDL concentrations used. These data suggest that HDL does not influence high-affinity, receptor-mediated binding and uptake of LDL but that its effect is seen at a concentration of LDL representing nonspecific binding. The lack of saturation at increasing concentrations of HDL also indicates that HDL-receptor interaction is not essential for the effect.
Endocrine Control of Apolysis in Rhithropanopeus Harrisii Larvae

ABSTRACT 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) stimulated the initiation of premolt (apolysis) in third and fourth instar Rhithropanopeus harrisii larvae in vivo and in spines explanted from third and fourth instar larvae in vitro. The premolt-initiating activity of 20-HE, in vitro, was inhibited by extracts of third or fourth instar zocae, megalopae, and shrimp eyestalks. The results suggest that apolysis in crab larvae may be controlled by both 20-HE and MIH.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroelectrochemistry of Cobalt Porphyrins Containing Axially Bound Nitric Oxide.

Several cobalt nitrosyl porphyrins of the form (T(p/m-X)PP)Co(NO) (p/m-X = p-OCH(3) (1), p-CH(3) (2), m-CH(3) (3), p-H (4), m-OCH(3) (5), p-OCF(3) (6), p-CF(3) (7), p-CN (8)) have been synthesized in 30-85% yields by reaction of the precursor cobalt porphyrin with nitric oxide. Compounds 1-7 were also prepared by reaction of the precursor cobalt porphyrin with nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate followed by reduction with cobaltocene. Compounds 1-8 have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. They are diamagnetic and display nu(NO) bands in CH(2)Cl(2) between 1681 and 1695 cm(-)(1). The molecular structure of 1, determined by a single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis, reveals a Co-N-O angle of 119.6(4) degrees. Crystals of 1 are monoclinic, P2/c, with a = 15.052(1) A, b = 9.390(1) A, c = 16.274(2) A, beta = 111.04(1) degrees, V = 2146.8(4) A(3), Z = 2, T = 228(2) K, D(calcd) = 1.271 g cm(-)(3), and final R1 = 0.0599 (wR2 = 0.1567, GOF = 1.054) for 3330 "observed" reflections with I >/= 2sigma(I). Cyclic voltammetry studies in CH(2)Cl(2) reveal that compounds 1-7 undergo two reversible oxidations and two reversible reductions at low temperature. This is not the case for compound 8, which undergoes two reversible reductions but an irreversible oxidation due to adsorption of the oxidized product onto the electrode surface. Combined electrochemistry-infrared studies demonstrate that each of the compounds 1-7 undergoes a first oxidation at the porphyrin pi ring system and a first reduction at either the metal center or the nitrosyl axial ligand. The formulation for the singly oxidized products of compounds 1-7 as porphyrin pi-cation radicals was confirmed by the presence of bands in the 1289-1294 cm(-)(1) region (for compounds 1-5), which are diagnostic IR bands for generation of tetraarylporphyrin pi-cation radicals.
Campylobacter fetus meningitis in an asplenic diabetic patient manifesting a chronic clinical course; case report and review of Japanese cases

We report a case of Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) meningitis that manifested a chronic clinical course in an asplenic diabetic patient. The patient had eaten raw beef liver, and after 1 week, he suffered from headache and fever, with repeated remissions and deterioration. Four weeks after onset, neck stiffness was observed, and he was diagnosed with meningitis due to Campylobacter fetus. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample showed leukocytosis (3760/μl; neutrophils 91 %, lymphocytes 9 %). The infection responded to meropenem and ampicillin. A review of the literature between 1976 and 2013 revealed that C. fetus meningitis in adults is still a rare entity, and about one-third of case reports written in English are from Japan. We specifically reviewed the case reports of C. fetus meningitis in adults written in Japanese between 1979 and 2013 to examine the clinical features and influence of underlying disease, especially diabetes mellitus. Unexpectedly, most patients with C. fetus meningitis manifested a chronic clinical course, and CSF samples showed lymphocyte-predominant leukocytosis in at least 25 out of 43 cases. Antibiotic treatment, especially with carbapenem, was effective, and the overall prognosis of C. fetus meningitis was good, but 3 out of 43 patients had after effects. Two of the patients had diabetes mellitus as an underlying disease.
Reduced sensitivity to hidden bias at upper quantiles in observational studies with dilated treatment effects.

Summary. When a treatment has a dilated effect, with larger effects when responses are higher, there can be much less sensitivity to bias at upper quantiles than at lower quantiles; i.e., small, plausible hidden biases might explain the ostensible effect of the treatment for many subjects, and yet only quite large hidden biases could explain the effect on a few subjects having dramatically elevated responses. An example concerning kidney function of cadmium workers is discussed in detail. In that example, the treatment effect is far from additive: It is plausibly zero at the lower quartile of responses to control, and it is large and fairly insensitive to bias at the upper quartile.
Genetic algorithms for water quality management in an urban watershed

This paper describes the use of genetic algorithms for water quality management in an urban watershed. This is achieved by linking a genetic algorithm-based optimization model in a disaggregated manner with a water quality simulation model.
DYNAMICS OF NERVE CELLS : II. THE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION BY THE HEART GANGLION OF LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS.

1. It is possible to determine by the colorimetric method the rate of production of carbon dioxide by the cardiac ganglion of Limulus. 2. Carbon dioxide formation in the cardiac ganglion was found to run parallel to the rate of heart beat for different temperatures. 3. The conclusion seems justified that the rate of cardiac rhythm of Limulus depends upon a chemical reaction in the nerve cells of the cardiac ganglion and that this reaction is associated with the production of carbon dioxide since the rate of beat and the rate of CO(2) production are similarly affected by changes in temperature.
Review of beneficial uses of calcium and ammonium salts for stimulating plant growth and metabolite translocation

Abstract Numerous investigations have been conducted to quantify Ca‐stimulated ammonium (NH4 +) absorption by plants [this technology is covered under U.S. patent 4,500,335, patent licensee is Tetra Technologies, 250251–45 North, The Woodlands, TX 77380]. Greenhouse and field studies on vegetable crops, field crops and ornamental foliage crops show significant growth increases from increasing Ca++:NH4 + ratios in the growth media. Increased root growth was normally the first plant response, with especially large root and bulb responses observed in onion (Allium cepa L.), beets (Beta vulgaris.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.). Direct measurements of Ca‐stimulated NH4 + absorption were obtained with isotopic nitrogen (15N) in greenhouse trials. As Ca++ concentrations were increased an increase in 15NH4 + absorption was obtained in all plant species tested. The Ca++ stimulated NH4 + absorption phenomenon in plants is best explained by the “Viets Effect”;, which descri...