cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The equivalency of infrared tympanic membrane thermometry with standard thermometry in nursing home residents.

Objective: To compare the equivalence of infrared tympanic membrane (TM) measure of body temperature with standard electronic oral (PO) and rectal (R) measures in a nursing home population. Objective: Randomized repeated-measurement design. Methods: For the study, 82 randomly selected residents (mean age 79 ± 10 years) of the Nursing Home Care Unit of the VAMC West Los Angeles had PO, R, and TM temperatures measured before arising (6–8 am). An otoscopic exam and the age, sex, presence of neurologic disease, and compliance with thermometry was noted. Also, repeated measures of PO and TM temperatures were performed three times to assess variability. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was determined for PO versus R and for TM versus R temperatures. Stepwise regression analysis was performed with the dependent variable of R temperature and the independent variables of the mean TM temperature, age, sex, presence of neurologic disease, position of the resident, and extent of ear canal occlusion. Results: The correlation of TM versus R (r = .39, P = .004) was better, though not significantly, than of PO versus R (r = .28, P = .04). TM had less variability than PO (pooled standard deviation .38 vs .45° F, respectively) and TM was implemented successfully more often than PO or R (96% vs 81% vs 81%). Conclusion: Therefore, TM was at least equivalent or better than PO measures of temperature in this population. The efficacy of fever detection and the use and durability of long-term use by nursing staff needs to be studied. J Am Geriatr Soc 1212–1216, 1992
Premeiotic and early meiotic stages in the pollen mother cells of Eremurus and in human embryonic oocytes

The premeiotic and meiotic stages are described in the pollen mother cells of the liliaceous plant Eremurus. In human oocytes from embryonic ovaries, the premeiotic and early meiotic stages up to dictyotene have been identified on morphological grounds. In Eremurus, in which each stage can be independently verified by the sequence of buds situated in a spiral, there is no indication of somatic pairing of homologous chromosomes, nor is there any sign of a premeiotic contraction of the chromosomes. The interphase following this mitosis is, in turn, succeeded by leptotene in which the DNA synthesis occurs, as determined by using autoradiography. This stage is followed by a “distance pairing” stage in which the homologous chromosomes lie parallel to each other at a distance. In typical zygotene, segments of chromosomes are paired intimately, others are unpaired, and the points at which pairing begins and ends are clearly visible. Each bivalent shows several pairing blocks. Pairing is completed at pachytene; diplotene which is characterized by the separation of the chromosomes follows. In middiplotene the chromosomes collect together in the so-called second contraction stage.
The gamma subunit of phosphorylase kinase contains a pseudosubstrate sequence.

The catalytic subunit, γ, of phosphorylase kinase is regulated by a complex set of interactions involving the calcium-binding protein calmodulin and two other subunits designated α and β. These interactions regulate γ activity that, at least for the calmodulin interactions, involves the regulatory domain in γ spanning residues 302–366. Within this regulatory domain, we report the identification of a sequence (residues 326–334) that resembles the phosphorylation site in γ substrates with the exception that a V residue (V332) occurs at the analogous position of the phosphorylated S/T residue. The inhibitory properties of the sequence were assayed with a 10-amino-acid peptide of the sequence. This peptide inhibits a truncated version of γ, residues 1–300, which is missing the regulatory domain, more potently than it inhibits full-length γ, and it is a better inhibitor of the full-length γ at pH 8.2 than at pH 6.8. A similar peptide of the same sequence, except for a S substitution of the V residue, is a good substrate with a comparable Km and better Vmax than peptides of similar length that represent the phosphorylation site in the substrate of the enzyme, glycogen phosphorylase. A mutant γ protein, with a S for V332 substitution ([V332S]γ), was prepared using the baculovirus expression system. [V332S]γ autophosphorylates by an intramolecular mechanism. This demonstrates that this sequence can occupy the catalytic site in the protein. Development of [V332S]γ affords an experimental model in which the effects of the regulatory factors on autophosphorylation can be determined.
A genetically humanized mouse model for hepatitis C virus infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major medical problem. Antiviral treatment is only partially effective and a vaccine does not exist. Development of more effective therapies has been hampered by the lack of a suitable small animal model. Although xenotransplantation of immunodeficient mice with human hepatocytes has shown promise, these models are subject to important challenges. Building on the previous observation that CD81 and occludin comprise the minimal human factors required to render mouse cells permissive to HCV entry in vitro, we attempted murine humanization via a genetic approach. Here we show that expression of two human genes is sufficient to allow HCV infection of fully immunocompetent inbred mice. We establish a precedent for applying mouse genetics to dissect viral entry and validate the role of scavenger receptor type B class I for HCV uptake. We demonstrate that HCV can be blocked by passive immunization, as well as showing that a recombinant vaccinia virus vector induces humoral immunity and confers partial protection against heterologous challenge. This system recapitulates a portion of the HCV life cycle in an immunocompetent rodent for the first time, opening opportunities for studying viral pathogenesis and immunity and comprising an effective platform for testing HCV entry inhibitors in vivo.
Generalized Monotone Incremental Forward Stagewise Method for Modeling Count Data: Application Predicting Micronuclei Frequency

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay can be used to quantify micronucleus (MN) formation, the outcome measured being MN frequency. MN frequency has been shown to be both an accurate measure of chromosomal instability/DNA damage and a risk factor for cancer. Similarly, the Agilent 4 × 44k human oligonucleotide microarray can be used to quantify gene expression changes. Despite the existence of accepted methodologies to quantify both MN frequency and gene expression, very little is known about the association between the two. In modeling our count outcome (MN frequency) using gene expression levels from the high-throughput assay as our predictor variables, there are many more variables than observations. Hence, we extended the generalized monotone incremental forward stagewise method for predicting a count outcome for high-dimensional feature settings.
Enabling Real-Time H.264 Video Services over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Using Joint Admission and Transmission Power Control

In a wireless ad hoc network, packets are sent from node-to-node in a multihop fashion until they reach the destination. In this paper we investigate the capacity of a wireless ad hoc network in supporting packet video transport. The ad hoc network consists of n homogeneous video users with each of them also serving as a relay node for other users. We investigate how the time delay affects the video throughput in such an ad hoc network and how to provide a time-delay bounded packet video delivery service over such a network. The analytical results indicate that appropriate joint admission and power control have to be employed in order to efficiently utilize the network capacity while operating under the delay constraint as the distance between source and destination changes.
Theoretical studies on the activation mechanism of the histamine H2-receptor: The guanidine substitution and its role in the partial agonism of N(alpha)-guanylhistamine

Histamine [2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylamine, HA] is a neurotransmitter that was shown to act on two different receptors, the H1- and H2-receptors. Structure-activity considerations made it possible to identify molecular determinants for the action of drugs on the H2-receptors. A key probe of the resulting hypothesis relating molecular structure to activity on these receptors is its ability to explain the action of partial agonists which are pharmacologic intermediates between agonists and antagonists. We therefore studied the molecular structure and properties of N (alpha)-guanylhistamine [2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylguanidine, NAGHA], which differs from histamine by a substitution of the side chain amine by a guanidine group. To understand how the substitution with the guanidine determines this change in properties, we also studied separately the molecular structure of guanidine and guanidinium in various tautomeric forms, with geometry optimization and several different basis sets. The results suggest the preferred site of protonation and interaction of NAGHA with the negative site of the H2-receptor. For N(3)-H and N(1)-H tautomers of the neutral and cationic species of NAGHA, we did complete geometry optimization at the all electron Hartree-Fock level with the STO-3G basis set. The results support the working hypothesis that, like HA, NAGHA monocation approaches the H2-receptor as the N(3)-H tautomer. Neutralization at the anionic site also shifts the preference in tautomeric equilibrium toward the N(1)-H form, thereby triggering the charge relay sequence that was proposed as an activation mechanism of the H2-receptor. The dependence of these mechanisms of interaction with the receptor on the conformation of the side chain as well as on the position at which the negative receptor site interacts with the guanyl group suggests explanations both for the lower affinity and for the partial agonist properties of NAGHA at the H2-receptor.
SUMMARY OF A PAPER ON THE PLACE OF NAVIGATION IN THE COLLEGE CURRICULUM

A general one-term course in navigation should be a part of the regular offerings in every liberal arts college. In a typical thireen-week course (with three weekly lectures of one hour each), the first six weeks can be devoted effectively to an introduction to marine navigation (aids to navigation, the compass, piloting, dead reckoning, tides and currents), the next four weeks to celestial navigation (celestial sphere, noon sight, line of position methods), and the final three weeks to aerial navigation (pilotage, dead reckoning, wind problems, and computers).
Separating weak partial square principles

Abstract We introduce the weak partial square principles □ λ , κ p and □ λ , κ p , which combine the ideas of a weak square sequence and a partial square sequence. We construct models in which weak partial square principles fail. The main result of the paper is that □ λ , κ does not imply □ λ , κ p .
Effects of sensory modality on cerebral blood flow velocity during vigilance

Transcranial Doppler sonography was used to measure cerebral blood flow velocity (hemovelocity, CBFV) from the left and right middle cerebral arteries during the performance of 40-min auditory and visual vigilance tasks. Reductions in stimulus duration were the critical signals for detection in both tasks, which were equated for stimulus salience and discrimination difficulty. Signal detection responses (correct detections and false alarms) and CBFV declined significantly over time in a linear manner for both modalities. In addition, the overall level of CBFV and the temporal decline in this measure were greater in the right than the left cerebral hemisphere. The results are consistent with the view that a right hemispheric system is involved in the functional control of vigilance and that this system operates in a similar manner in the auditory and visual channels.
Japanese typeface personalities: Are typeface personalities consistent across culture?

Recent studies have correlated specific typeface features (variety versus contrast versus pat tern) to specific emotional parameters (amusement versus agitation versus focus). These studies provide a systematic explanation for analyzing typeface features and emotional parameters. However, these studies have focused on Roman typefaces. Much of the research on non-Roman typefaces do not provide a systematic explanation or even consistent parameters, “serif” typefaces generally generate a “classical”, “elegant”, “staid” or “sleek” feelings, and are generally preferred by younger participants, “sans-serif” typefaces are generally preferred by older participants, and “ narrow” typefaces generally generate “modern“, ”exciting” and “ positive” feelings. While these findings are generally useful, no explanation is provided for why specific typeface forms produce specific emotion effects. This paper will report the results of an empirical study on the immediate emotional response of 50 participants to a variety of Japanese typefaces. The results support the work of previous studies on Roman typefaces and show that the same typeface features (variety versus contrast versus pattern) produce the same emotional responses (amusement versus agitation versus focus) in both Roman and non-Roman typefaces.
Effects of neurohypophyseal hormones, theophylline and nucleotides on the smooth muscle of the toad bladder☆

Abstract Neurohypophyseal hormones and their synthetic analogs exhibit both excitatory and relaxing effects on the contractile elements of the urinary bladder of the toad, Bufo marinus . We have interpreted these effects in terms of a dual receptor system in the smooth muscle cells of the bladder. Accordingly, we have determined the potency of several neurohypophyseal hormonal peptides as contractile and relaxing agents and have found, on the one hand, a close correlation between their effects on the contractile responses of the toad bladder and the contractile responses of the rat uterus, and, on the other hand, between their effects on this relaxation of toad bladder smooth muscle and on the increase of transepithelial water flow along an osmotic gradient. The relaxing effect of neurohypophyseal peptides on the smooth muscle of the bladder is mimicked by cyclic 3′, 5′ -AMP, 5′ -AMP, adenosine and theophylline.
Thermodynamics of the oxygen isotope fractionation involving plagioclase

Abstract The thermodynamic relationship between the oxygen isotope fractionation properties of plagioclase and its composition has been derived by treating plagioclase as a “reciprocal solution” consisting of independent cationic and anionic substitutions, namely (NaAl) 5+ ⇌(CaSi) 5+ and 18 O⇌ 16 O. The results show that the logarithm of the oxygen isotope fractionation factor, α, between plagioclase and a coexisting phase varies linearly with the anorthite content of plagioclase. The proportionality constant is given by the oxygen isotope fractionation factor between albite and anorthite, and has been derived from the experimental data of two groups of workers, O'Neil and Taylor [2] and Matsuhisa et al. [3], on the isotopic fractionation between each plagioclase end-member and aqueous solutions. It is found that O'Neil and Taylor's data on isotopic exchange of plagioclase end-members with only 2–3 M chloride solution, rather than with both pure water and the chloride solution, lead essentially to zero intercept of the ln α(Ab-An) vs. 1/T 2 relation, in accord with Bottinga and Javoy's [10] conclusion about the oxygen isotope fractionation between two anhydrous silicates at T
The influence of maternal child-rearing attitudes and teaching behaviors on preschoolers' delay of gratification

This study was an exploratory examination of the influence of mothers' teaching behaviors, strategies, and child-rearing attitudes on their children's ability to delay gratification. In an externally imposed delay of gratification situation, 30 mothers from a rural university community taught their children strategies that could help them refrain from touching a brightly wrapped present when the mothers left the room. Results showed that mothers of children who did not delay gratification exhibited teaching behaviors and child-rearing attitudes consistent with a permissive parenting style, whereas mothers of children who did delay gratification exhibited teaching behaviors and child-rearing attitudes consistent with an authoritative parenting style. The results of this study are discussed with respect to the development of children's self-control and self-regulatory abilities.
Velocity of the shock generated by a large east limb flare on August 18, 1979

The large flare of August 18, 1979 resulted in a shock which produced intense type II radio emission detected at kilometer wavelengths using the radio astronomy experiment of the ISEE-3 spacecraft. The drift rate of the type II burst provides estimates of the velocity of the shock as a function of coronal height. A choice of density scale has been facilitated by detection of the shock with radio scattering measurements using the radio signals from Voyager 1 and Pioneer 11. Assuming radial motion of the shock, the spacecraft detections provide estimates of the arrival times of the shock at 13 solar radii and 73 solar radii. The arrival time of the shock at ISEE-3 and subsequently at the magnetosphere can also provide estimates of the shock velocity. The resulting profile of velocity as a function of distance is consistent with the shock being driven out to about 0.2 AU and then decelerating with a decreasing outward speed proportional to R to the -0.8. The profile presents the first determination of the velocity characteristics of a flare-produced shock in the height range 0.05-0.4 AU.
The Sc+–OH and Sc+–OCH3 bond energies in ScOH+, ScOCH3+, Sc(OH)2+, ScOHOCH3+, and Sc(OCH3)2+

Abstract The geometries of ScOCH 3 + , ScOHOCH 3 + and Sc(OCH 3 ) 2 + have been optimized and the zero-point energies computed using the B3LYP approach. The Sc + –OH and Sc + –OCH 3 bond energies have been computed at the B3LYP and CCSD(T) levels of theory. These results are compared to the previous results for ScOH + and Sc(OH) 2 + . The Sc + –OCH 3 bond is found to be about 6 kcal/mol weaker than the Sc + –OH bond. The results are compared with experiment and previous theoretical results at the MP2 level.
The superior cervical ganglia are not necessary for entrainment or persistence of the pineal melatonin rhythm in Japanese quail

The avian pineal exhibits a daily rhythm in the synthesis and secretion of the hormone, melatonin, which is involved in maintaining temporal order within the circadian system of some species. The pineal is richly innervated by sympathetic nerves which originate in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) and, in the chicken, these nerves play a role in generating the melatonin rhythm. In the Japanese quail, the pineal melatonin rhythm can be entrained by light perceived directly by the pineal or by light perceived by the eyes. The role of the sympathetic innervation of the pineal was investigated in the Japanese quail by subjecting birds to bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGX) and determining if SCGX either abolished the ability of retinally perceived light to entrain the pineal melatonin rhythm or if it disrupted the rhythm under constant darkness (DD). The results show that SCGX neither prevented entrainment of the pineal melatonin rhythm by retinally perceived light nor affected the rhythm expressed in DD. An entrainment pathway between the eyes and pineal exists in quail which does not involve the SCG.
Tumor Budding Correlates With the Protumor Immune Microenvironment and Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Recurrence of Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Immune cell infiltration associated with tumor capsule disruption and tumor budding has been shown to reflect invasiveness, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis in colorectal cancer. We investigated the influence of tumor budding on prognosis and its association with the immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Tumor slides from resected stage I lung adenocarcinomas were reviewed (n = 524 and n=514, for training and validation cohorts, respectively) for assessment of tumor budding. CD3 + and forkhead box P3 + (FoxP3 + ) lymphocytes, CD68 + macrophages, IL-7 receptor, and IL-12 receptor β2 were analyzed using tissue microarrays constructed from tumor and stroma. Probability of recurrence was calculated using the competing risks method. RESULTS In the training cohort, risk of recurrence for high-grade tumor budding was higher than it was for low-grade tumor budding (32% vs 12%, P ≤ .001), which was confirmed in the validation cohort (P = .005). Tumor budding stratified the risk of recurrence for acinar-predominant (22% vs 9%, P≤ .001), papillary-predominant (22% vs 13%, P = .045), and solid-predominant (39% vs 19%, P = .022) tumors. Tumor budding was associated with higher stromal FoxP3 + lymphocyte infiltration, higher stromal FoxP3/CD3 risk index, higher tumoral and stromal CD68 + macrophage infiltration, and IL-7 receptor overexpression ( P ≤ .001, all associations). Tumor budding remained independently associated with recurrence on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.61; P = .008). CONCLUSIONS Tumor budding is an independent prognostic factor of stage I lung adenocarcinoma and correlates with the protumor immune microenvironment. Our findings advocate investigating tumor-immune cell interactions at the invading edge as a biologic driver of tumor aggressiveness.
Predictors of clinical performance among internal medicine residents

Objective:To determine whether personal characteristics influence residents’ psychological states during training and to evaluate the relative importance of personal characteristics and psychological states in predicting clinical performance.
A collecting interpretation of expressions

A collecting interpretation of expressions is an interpretation of a program that allows one to answer questions of the sort: “What are all possible values to which an expression might evaluate during program execution?” Answering such questions in a denotational framework is akin to traditional data flow analysis, and when used in the context of abstract interpretation allows one to infer properties that approximate the run-time behavior of expression evaluation. In this paper collecting interpretations of expressions are developed for three abstract functional languages: (1) a first-order language with call-by-value semantics, (2) a first-order language with call-by-name semantics, and (3) a higher-order language with call-by-name semantics (i.e., the full untyped lambda calculus with constants). It is argued that the method is simple (in particular, no powerdomains are needed), natural (it captures the intuitive operational behavior of a cache), yet more expressive than existing methods (it is the first exact collecting interpretation for either lazy or higher-order programs).
Trigonal Prismatic vs Octahedral Coordination Geometry: Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Hexakis(arylthiolato) Zirconate Complexes

Treating [Li(tmeda)]2[Zr(CH3)6] with aryl thiols, HSC6H4-4-R, in a 1:6 stoichiometry in diethyl ether affords excellent yields of [Li(tmeda)]2[Zr(SC6H4-4-R)6], where R = CH3 (12-) or OCH3 (22-) and tmeda denotes N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylethylenediamine. These complexes are air-sensitive canary-yellow solids, soluble in hexane, diethyl ether, THF, and acetonitrile, that form yellow single crystals of [Li(tmeda)]21 (diethyl ether solution) or [Li(THF)3]22 (THF solution) from saturated solutions at −20 °C. Both complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography and consist of a zirconium atom coordinated solely by the sulfur atoms of six aryl thiolate ligands in a nonoctahedral geometry. In each structure the lithium cation coordinates to the three sulfur atoms on the triangular faces of the S6 pseudotrigonal prism. These lithium−sulfur interactions appear to play a role in determining the coordination geometry about the metal center by orienting the sulfur lone pairs of electrons slightly out of the plane de...
Synthesis of linear polymers containing benzoxazine moieties in the main chain with high molecular design versatility via click reaction

Abstract Linear polymers with benzoxazine rings in the main chain have been synthesized applying click chemistry approach. These polymers possess molecular weights significantly higher than the benzoxazine polymers which have been chain extended via Mannich reaction. The number average molecular weight is estimated from size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to be between 20,000 and 40,000 Da. The structure of the polymers is confirmed by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to study crosslinking behavior of the polymers. The nature of the low temperature exotherm DSC peak observed in this work and the previous work of other authors is studied by model reactions. It is due to thermal coupling of the residual propargyl and azide end groups in the absence of active catalyst. In addition, a novel diazide-functional benzoxazine monomer has been prepared, showing a tremendous flexibility for applying click reaction to obtain various polymer architectures. Three types of polymers have been prepared from dipropargyl- and diazide-functional benzoxazine monomers. These polymers have been characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Decentralized multi-cell beamforming with base station cooperation

This paper presents a design strategy for base station (BS) coordinated multi cell joint beamforming. Our objective is to maximize the average cell throughput while maintaining quality of service (QoS) for individual users. The QoS in our analysis relates to minimum signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) achieved by every user. Since, throughput maximization is a non convex problem, an optimal solution can not be obtained using polynomial order algorithms. However, it can be observed that existence of inter cell interference (ICI) terms are the cause of non convexity. With this knowledge, we propose two decentralized approaches based on primal and dual decomposition of the throughput maximization problem. As ICI terms are the shared variables between the base stations (BSs), these terms are exchanged between the neighboring BSs and kept fixed during an iteration. This fixes the non convex (ICI) terms, resulting in convex subproblems. We demonstrate the quality of our sub optimal decentralized solution by simulations and comparing it with optimal exhaustive search algorithms (Genie-aided algorithm). A comparison analysis is also presented for both primal and dual solutions.
Detection of Crossing Differential Item Functioning: A Comparison of Four Methods

Differential item functioning (DIF) continues to receive attention both in applied and methodological studies. Because DIF can be an indicator of irrelevant variance that can influence test scores, continuing to evaluate and improve the accuracy of detection methods is an essential step in gathering score validity evidence. Methods for detecting uniform DIF are well established, whereas those for identifying the presence of nonuniform or crossing DIF are less clearly understood. Four such methods were compared: simultaneous item bias test (SIBTEST), logistic regression, item response theory likelihood ratio test, and confirmatory factor analysis. Factors manipulated were sample size, ability differences between groups, percentage of DIF, and the underlying model used to generate the data. Results suggest that all methods were able to control Type I error, but SIBTEST had the highest power of the approaches compared. Problems with detection rates were evident with different underlying models.
Estimating point centrality using different network sampling techniques

Abstract The paper outlines the methodological choices that analysts must make when sampling social networks and assesses the impact of different sampling techniques on the estimation of network parameters. Using data from Galaskiewicz's (1919) study of Towertown and River City, the results show the extent to which sampling percentage, the number of trials/estimates, sampling procedure, and network size and density affect the ability of researchers to estimate the point centrality of organizations in networks of information and money transactions.
Experiments in Digital Signal Processing

A series of experiments, simulations, and demonstrations is described which has been developed to accompany a first course in digital signal processing at Columbia University. These experiments range from analog-to-digital conversion to adaptive filtering. Students perform modifications of programs from an extensive subroutine library and link these subroutines together to carry out various simulations.
Traveling-Wave Voltages in Cables

The problem of lightning protection of cables is more active at the present time than it has been in the past. This is du-e largely to the fact that cables of higher voltage connected directly to overhead lines are becoming very common; cables in the form of short sections are especially liable to need protection. The cost of the cable, the importance of the line from the operating standpoint, and the cost of protective equipment all enter into the picture. In the present paper the factors which determine whether or not a cable will require protective equipment are discussed, and new and simplified formulas, representing with considerable precision any of the standard coordinating waves are developed. These formulas can be used for open-ended cable lines, or cable sections in transmission lines. Where cables terminate in station apparatus, the assumption of an open-circuited cable end may be safely used, since it always gives a calculated value of voltage that is somewhat above the true value. The effect of cable length and surge impedance and of line surge impedance are illustrated in detail. Tentative data on the impulse strength of cable insulation are also included.
Superdeformation in lead nuclei

A rotational band, with energy spacings characteristic of superdeformed shapes, has been identified in194Pb.The band, which consists of 12 members, was produced in the bombardment of176Yb with24Mg. This band extends the mass-194 region of superdeformation to higher Z.
The Schwarz reflection principle for harmonic functions in R 2 subject to the Robin condition

Abstract A non-local reflection formula for harmonic functions in R 2 satisfying the Robin boundary condition, α ∂ n u + β u = 0 , on a real-analytic curve is suggested. This formula generalizes the celebrated Schwarz reflection principle. It is also shown how the obtained formula reduces to well-known point-to-point reflection laws corresponding the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions when one of the coefficients, α or β, vanishes.
EUS in localizing safe alternate access sites for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: initial experience in a porcine model

Background Most natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedures have been performed through the anterior stomach wall, based on the established safety of PEG placement. This approach does not afford mechanically efficient access to all anatomic areas of interest. Objective To assess the utility of EUS in identifying safe alternate access sites for NOTES. Design Nonsurvival animal experiment. Methods Thirty-two EUS-guided access procedures were performed through the antrum, the posterior stomach wall, or the rectum of 12 pigs. Sixteen safe-access procedures (SAP) used sonographic guidance to achieve safe intraperitoneal access by avoiding extraluminal organs and vessels during the initial NOTES puncture. Sixteen unsafe-access procedures (UAP) evaluated potential complications of blind access by performing a standard NOTES puncture at sites adjacent to critical extraluminal structures identified by EUS. Access was achieved by using a similar technique for both SAPs and UAPs. Baseline and completion laparotomies were performed. Results All 16 UAPs resulted in clinically relevant complications, such as liver laceration and iliac artery injury. In contrast, 13 SAPs were without complication. The 3 complications in the SAP group occurred with transrectal access and consisted of 2 minor complications and a small-bowel perforation. Conclusions Blind NOTES access through the antrum, posterior stomach wall, and rectum could result in catastrophic complications. In contrast, EUS-guided access through these sites substantially reduced but did not completely eliminate this risk. EUS appears promising as an adjunct to NOTES access, particularly as more experience is gained in definitively excluding the presence of at-risk extraluminal structures.
Quantum Tunneling at Low Temperatures: Results for Weak Damping

We investigate the rate at which a particle decays out of a metastable potential well by quantum tunneling. We calculate the leading corrections to the exponent and the prefactor of the rate, due to coupling to the heat bath and finite temperatures. Since the results are essentially equivalent to those employing the transition state assumption, namely maintaining thermal equilibrium, we argue for the lower on the damping strength above which these results should be valid. These results are in good accord with recently reported experiments.
The deep carbon cycle and melting in Earth's interior

Abstract Carbon geochemistry of mantle-derived samples suggests that the fluxes and reservoir sizes associated with deep cycle are in the order of 1012–13 g C/yr and 1022–23 g C, respectively. This deep cycle is responsible for the billion year-scale evolution of the terrestrial carbon reservoirs. The petrology of deep storage modulates the long-term evolution and distribution of terrestrial carbon. Unlike water, which in most of the Earth's mantle is held in nominally anhydrous silicates, carbon is stored in accessory phases. The accessory phase of interest, with increasing depth, typically changes from fluids/melts → calcite/dolomite → magnesite → diamond/Fe-rich alloy/Fe-metal carbide, assuming that the mass balance and oxidation state are buffered solely by silicates. If, however, carbon is sufficiently abundant, it may reside as carbonate even in the deep mantle. If Earth's deep mantle is Fe-metal saturated, carbon storage in metal alloy and as metal carbide cannot be avoided for depleted and enriched domains, respectively. Carbon ingassing to the interior is aided by modern subduction of the carbonated oceanic lithosphere, whereas outgassing from the mantle is controlled by decompression melting of carbonated mantle. Carbonated melting at > 300 km depth or redox melting of diamond-bearing or metal-bearing mantle at somewhat shallower depth generates carbonatitic and carbonated silicate melts and are the chief agents for liberating carbon from the solid Earth to the exosphere. Petrology allows net ingassing of carbon into the mantle in the modern Earth, but in the hotter subduction zones that prevailed during the Hadean, Archean, and Paleoproterozoic, carbonate likely was released at shallow depths and may have returned to the exosphere. Inefficient ingassing, along with efficient outgassing, may have kept the ancient mantle carbon-poor. The influence of carbon on deep Earth dynamics is through inducing melting and mobilization of structurally bound mineral water. Extraction of carbonated melt on one hand can dehydrate the mantle and enhance viscosity; the presence of trace carbonated melt on other may generate seismic low-velocity zones and amplify attenuation.
Elijopyrones A-D: New α-pyrones from a Marine Actinomycete

Abstract Elijopyrones A-D (1–4) were isolated from a cultured marine actinomycete (isolate CNB-880). The producing strain was obtained from a sediment collected from the San Elijo Lagoon, Cardiff, California. The structures of the new compounds were determined by comprehensive spectral analyses.
A Study of the Learning Styles of Undergraduate Social Work Students

This study examines the learning styles of students in social work classes at Norfolk State University. Knowledge of learning styles can enhance the ability of faculty to build on student experiences and construct new learning opportunities. Kolb's Learning Style Inventory was administered to identify each student's dominate learning style. The theoretical underpinning is experiential learning, which supports the concept that learning styles are developed through experiences. The results indicated that diverging and accommodating learning styles occurred most often. Students with these styles learn best in classes where activities include lectures, role playing exercises, discussions, opportunities to practice skills, and reflection.
Kinetic and Equilibrium Aspects of Floc Coagulation. II. Slow Mixing Criteria

Abstract The effect of slow mixing on colloid flocculation is examined within the framework of a modified Gouy-Chapman model, and the forces between the floc particles compared with the viscous drag forces due to velocity gradients. The effects of ionic strength and floc zeta potential are examined. It is found that the viscous drag forces are too small to force together floc particles having surface potentials greater than about 14.5 mV; no potential barrier occurs at surface potentials below about 14 mV. The strongly attractive but short-range dispersion force is apparently greatly weakened by the irregularities of the surfaces of the floc particles.
Phase-conjugate holographic system for high-resolution particle image velocimetry through thick-walled curved windows

A phase-conjugate holographic measurement system has been developed for the study of 3D fluid velocity fields. The recording system produces 3D particle images with resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, accuracy, and derived velocity fields that are comparable to high-quality 2D photographic PIV (particle image velocimetry). The high image resolution is accomplished by using low f-number optics, a fringe stabilized processing chemistry, and a phase conjugate play-back geometry that compensates for aberrations in the imaging system. In addition, the system employs a reference multiplexed, off-axis geometry for determining velocity directions using the cross-correlation technique, and a stereo camera geometry for determining the three velocity components. The combination of the imaging and reconstruction sub-systems make the analysis of volumetric PIV domains feasible. Recently, a new geometry for the HPIV system has been developed for imaging flows through thick-walled, curved windows. In the older geometry, there have been two sources inhibiting the use of windows: window scattering and window-induced aberrations. In the new system, these difficulties are avoided using side- scatter illumination of the particles and phase-conjugate reconstruction with a substitute window in place.
Identification of Methyl Bromide in Urban Air

Abstract The presence of methyl bromide at sub-part-per-billion concentration levels in urban air is reported. The major source of methyl bromide in urban areas is believed to be automobile exhaust, rather than of biogenic or agriculturally related origins. Engines operating on “leaded” gasoline contribute a much larger amount of methyl bromide to urban atmospheres than do engines with catalytic converters burning “on-leaded” fuel.
WEAK-COUPLING RATE EQUATIONS AND INITIAL CONDITIONS

Irreversible rate equations for the diagonal and offdiagonal elements of the density matrix are derived in the weak-coupling, long-time approximation for two types of crystal perturbations --- electron scattering from random impurities, and spin-spin interactions. No initial random phase assumption on the density matrix is necessary in the derivation using the random perturbation. For the spinspin interactions, a partial'' initial random phase assumption is introduced and used in a natural way. It is shown, alternatively, that if one takes into account the very extensive cancellation of terms for the vast majority of unperturbed energy states, no initial restrictions need be placed on the majority of the density matrix elements. In all three cases the equations obtained are the same, being Pauli equations for the diagonal density matrix elements, but simpler relaxation-oscillation equations for the offdiagonal elements. (auth)
Second Life as Innovation

Recently, the business and technology research firm Gartner released its 2009 Hype Cycle Report, which tracks upcoming technology tools and their relative social expectations associated with them (Fenn, Raskino, & Gammace, 2009). One often-hyped technology in the library world is Second Life, which has experienced a dramatic rise and fall in the past few years in terms of patron and librarian interest. Guest columnist Christopher Guder considers Second Life in terms of Everett Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theory, which offers insight into whether this technology is actually viable in a library setting. Christopher Guder is a Reference & Instruction Librarian at Ohio University. His subject specialty is Education, and he is currently working on a Ph.D. in Instructional Technology. In addition to being a member of the Alden Library Technology Team, Guder is also responsible for adaptive technology. He will assume editorship of the Technology column with the next issue.
Transmission of Ancylostoma caninum and Alaria marcianae in Coyotes (Canis latrans)

One of seven female coyotes (Canis latrans) captured in Webb County, Texas during September 1986 and confined and mated in holding facilities at Millville, Utah whelped the following spring. The maternal female (>5-yr-old) and her five neonates were killed at 22 days postparturition. All were infected with adult Ancylostoma caninum and were passing eggs in their feces. Also, the neonates and maternal female were infected with immature and adult Alaria marcianae, respectively. These findings suggested that the transmammary route is an important transmission mechanism for acquisition of these species of helminths in coyotes. The lack of overdispersion in the frequency distribution of these parasites and infection of the entire litter indicated that transmission from the infected female was nonselective among the pups.
Enzymes used in predicting high risk to colon cancer.

Attempts have been made to use enzyme assays primarily in tissue, to predict risk of colon cancer in high risk colon cancer families, and in patients with polyposis. Efforts have also been made to predict recurrence in surgically “cured” cancer patients. The use of thymidine kinase, ornithine decarboxylase, LDH isoenzymes, and other enzymes for these purposes will be reviewed.
Public goods and joint supply

Abstract An example is presented which illustrates how analysis of the core of an economy can be used to clarify the debate between Demsetz and Samuelson on the relationship between public goods and joint supply. The core converges to the competitive allocation in an economy with joint supply but the core of a public goods economy does not converge to the Lindahl allocation. The example should prove useful as a pedagogic device, serving as a simple introduction to the technical literature on the core of an economy with public goods.
Human Activity Analysis for Geriatric Care in Nursing Homes

As our society is increasingly aging, it is urgent to develop computer aided techniques to improve the quality-of-care (QoC) and quality-of-life (QoL) of geriatric patients. In this paper, we focus on automatic human activities analysis in video surveillance recorded in complicated environments at a nursing home. This will enable the automatic exploration of the statistical patterns between patients’ daily activities and their clinical diagnosis. We also discuss potential future research directions in this area. Experiment demonstrate the proposed approach is effective for human activity analysis.
The Company Union Movement, 1900–1937: A Reexamination

The fostering of worker confidence in the organization has been a major goal of big business for a century. Professor Nelson, a well-known authority on the history of human resource management, here provides a new look at company unions. His view shows that the characterization of these organizations by liberal and labor critics was not always accurate. Some company unions represented noteworthy contributions to the development of a professional approach to labor relations.
Structural and thermal modeling of a z-axis rate integrating gyroscope

This paper presents results of structural and thermal modeling of a z-axis rate integrating gyroscope. A strain energy method is used to obtain a structural model of the device, which is verified using finite element analysis. Based on a parametric analysis, an appropriate micromachining technology suitable for the fabrication of the gyroscope is identified. A sensitivity study shows that the operational modes of the proposed gyroscope remain matched under thermal and stress fluctuations, whereas a device with a commonly used H-type suspension shows a 31% frequency mismatch under thermal loading of 23.67 °C or 9 MPa of compressive stress.
Optical spectra and inhomogeneous broadening in CdTe/CdZnTe MQW structures with defects

Optical spectra of Bragg multiple quantum wells with defects are studied analytically and numerically. It is shown that in systems with relatively strong exciton-photon coupling several different types of spectrum can be observed. The effects due to inhomogeneous exciton broadening are studied using numerical simulations.
Dilute Bismuthides on an InP Platform

Incorporating a small amount of bismuth into conventional III–V compounds (GaAs, InGaAs) creates materials known as dilute bismuthides. They have attracted increasing attention over recent years due to their unique optical and electrical properties. They are potential candidates for mid-infrared (mid-IR) devices because of the reduced band gap resulting from valence band anticrossing (VBAC). Meanwhile, they serve as good thermoelectric materials due to the combination of high thermoelectric power factor inherited from InGaAs and the reduced thermal conductivity caused by the incorporation of bismuth. One advantage of InGaBiAs on an InP platform over GaBiAs on GaAs is its possibility to grow a film lattice-matched to the substrate, which is more desirable in optoelectronics. The growth conditions of InGaBiAs on an InP platform by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are discussed in details. Similar to GaBiAs growths, low growth temperature and moderate Bi/As ratio are beneficial for bismuth to incorporate. The compositions of InGaBiAs samples are studied by high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The results from reciprocal space mapping (RSM) indicate that most of the samples are nearly 100 % strained. The band gaps of InGaBiAs are measured by spectrophotometry and modeled by VBAC theory. The good agreement between the experimental and simulation shows an effective band gap reduction due to the incorporation of bismuth. Photo reflectance (PR) and contactless electroreflectance (CER) studies confirm the results from spectrophotometry and indicate the band gap between conduction band and spin orbit is not affected by the variation of bismuth concentration. Unintentionally doped InGaBiAs samples exhibit promising electrical properties comparable to InGaAs and expected lower thermal conductivity. N-type InGaBiAs:Si films with different doping levels show potential application in thermoelectrics and highly conductive materials are promising as contact materials for heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) and in other applications.