cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein Kinase Cδ modulates migration and invasiveness of prostate carcinoma cells

1808 Background: Transformation of tumor cells into an invasive phenotype is driven by growth factor-induced motility. Overexpression of certain growth factor receptors including the EGF receptor (EGFR) is commonly noted in such progressive tumors. However, the intracellular molecular switches are only now being identified. The Protein Kinase C (PKC) family has been implicated in a variety of tumors including those of prostate and breast due to their role in cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The novel δ isoform of Protein Kinase C (PKCδ) has been shown to regulate EGFR-mediated fibroblast transcellular contractility during motility. We hypothesized that PKCδ mediates motility of prostate cancer cells via regulation of myosin light chain filament activation and that targeting contractility of tumor cells by abrogating PKCδ, can be explored as a novel therapeutic avenue in limiting prostate cancer invasiveness. Methods: We utilized two invasive prostate tumor cell lines, DU145 overexpressing wildtype human EGFR cells (DU145 WT) and PC3 cells, to conduct our studies. Using pharmacological (rottlerin) and molecular biological (RNAi) approaches, we abrogated PKCδ activity and/or decreased its protein levels in the cells. Under these conditions we assessed the migratory and invasive potential of cells in vitro. In addition, we surveyed a panel of human prostate tumors for level of activation and location of the phosphorylated form of PKCδ. Results & Discussion: We found that PKCδ is directly activated downstream of EGFR signaling in both prostate cancer lines. Rottlerin and siRNA to PKCδ also significantly decreased EGF induced migration and in vitro invasion through Matrigel of both DU145 WT and PC3 cells. PKCδ inhibition also decreased activation status of the regulatory myosin light chain (MLC) filament. Using immunoblotting of prostate tissue lysates, we showed that total PKCδ protein levels are higher in prostate tumor specimens as compared to normal prostate specimens. These findings were identical to that of overexpression of PKCδ in prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145 WT) as compared to normal prostate epithelial cells. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of prostate cancer tissue specimens for activated (phosphorylated) PKCδ showed statistically higher levels in cancerous tissue as compared to benign normal tissue or normal tissue adjacent to the tumor. Activated PKCδ was seen both at cytoplasmic as well as nuclear locale in prostate cancer cells but not in normal prostate cells (in tissue sections). Thus PKCδ is a crucial mediator of prostate tumor cell motility and invasiveness and newer therapeutic approaches that abrogate PKCδ activity can be explored as therapeutic avenues in prostate cancer therapy.
Joyce and Hypnagogia

Twentieth-century cognitive science—until the 1970s—was dominated by the so-called “imageless-thought” conception of the human mind. This picture of human thought rejected the ancient belief that minds conceive sensory images and instead asserted that all mental processes are exclusively based on language. Contemporary critics of James Joyce would thus champion his works as illustrations of such “imageless thought” that achieve greatness chiefly through their experimentation with language. Throughout his major fiction, however, Joyce remained committed to the traditional (now re-established) view of the mind’s imaging tendencies, even in the purportedly imageless Finnegans Wake. This essay explores Joyce’s emphases on visual (as well as auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory) imaging, before turning to his career-long focus on hypnagogia, or near-sleep mental imaging.
P3: Privacy Preserving Positioning for Smart Automotive Systems

This article presents the first privacy-preserving localization method based on provably secure primitives for smart automotive systems. Using this method, a car that is lost due to unavailability of GPS can compute its location with assistance from three nearby cars, while the locations of all the participating cars including the lost car remain private. Technological enhancement of modern vehicles, especially in navigation and communication, necessitates parallel enhancement in security and privacy. Previous approaches to maintaining user location privacy suffered from one or more of the following drawbacks: trade-off between accuracy and privacy, one-sided privacy, and the need of a trusted third party that presents a single point to attack. The localization method presented here is one of the very first location-based services that eliminates all these drawbacks. Two protocols for computing the location is presented here based on two Secure Function Evaluation (SFE) techniques that allow multiple parties to jointly evaluate a function on inputs that are encrypted to maintain privacy. The first one is based on the two-party protocol named Yao’s Garbled Circuit (GC). The second one is based on the Beaver-Micali-Rogaway (BMR) protocol that allows inputs from more than two parties. The two secure localization protocols exhibit trade-offs between performance and resilience against collusion. Along with devising the protocols, we design and optimize netlists for the functions required for location computation by leveraging conventional logic synthesis tools with custom libraries optimized for SFE. Proof-of-concept implementation of the protocol shows that the complete operation can be performed within only 355ms. The fast computing time enables localization of even moving cars.
Combining Academics and Social Engagement: A Major-Specific Early Alert Method to Counter Student Attrition in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Students are most likely to leave science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors during their first year of college. We developed an analytic approach using random forests to ident...
Evidence-Based Implementation Agenda

The two models presented in this book – Evidence Mapping and Evidence-Based Interagency Implementation Manual – evolved from a thorough review of scientific studies in organizational change, heuristic models that have been proposed over the last few years, and a review of the specific challenges and advances made by community corrections and addiction treatment agencies for adopting and implementing EBP. The models are designed to expedite the movement from science to practice by providing tools and techniques to address the key issues of transportability, organizational capacity, process assessment, performance monitoring, and engagement of internal and external partners in the change process. In this final chapter, we frame the issues in terms of tools for the field, a research agenda, and an infrastructure to advance the technology transfer challenges of the public health/safety contexts. The implementation tools are designed to be used to improve the process of selecting useful EBP and to guide the various components of the implementation process to address inner and outer setting issues as well as change processes. The research agenda identifies the next set of studies needed to improve transportability and organizational capacity. Finally, as noted throughout this book, the community corrections and addiction treatment systems have been at a disadvantage in lacking an infrastructure to encourage discussions about building capacity – Council for Public Health-Safety Evidence-Based Practices is recommended as a major step to expand and improve the adoption and implementation of EBP. The EBP movement is too important to neglect the critical issues of advancing uptake and penetration of EBP but, as this book has shown, the needs are greater than merely identifying EBP. The true demands are in the processes to advance practice, and this book has endeavored to furnish the tools to do so.
The Irony of the Absurd

Is there a God? — We do not know. Is there a soul? — We do not know. Is there life after death or not? — We do not know. Is there any purpose in life? — We do not know. Why am I living? — We do not know. Am I living, do I really exist? — We do not know. What, then, do we know? Is it possible for us to know anything at all? — We do not know. And this systematic “We do not know” is called science! And people clap their hands above their heads and cry exultantly: “The progress of the human mind is incomprehensible.” We no longer need even faith in God, for science has observed that water boiling in a pot lifts the lid, and that rubbed resin attracts straw....1
Informed and Interconnected: A Manifesto for Smarter Cities

The need for a fresh approach to U.S. communities is more urgent than ever because of the biggest global economic crisis since the Great Depression. Through examination of the barriers to solving urban problems (and the ways they reinforce each other), this paper offers a new approach to community transformation which calls for leaders to use technology to inform and connect people. We need to convert the social safety net into a social safety network through the creation of smarter communities that are information-rich, interconnected, and able to provide opportunities to all citizens. This process has already begun through such programs as Harlem Children’s Zone, Baltimore’s CitiStat, Elevate Miami, and others. And they can be replicated. But technology alone is not the answer. Realization of the vision requires leaders to invest in the tools, guide their use, and pave the way for transformation. Perhaps the urgency of the current economic crisis can provide the impetus to overcome resistance to change and turn problems into an opportunity to reduce costs, improve services to communities, and make our cities smarter.
Advanced Coding for Optical Communications

Abstract This chapter represents an overview of advanced coding techniques for optical communication. Topics include: codes on graphs, coded modulation, rate-adaptive coded modulation, and turbo equalization. The main objectives of this chapter are: (i) to describe different classes of codes on graphs of interest for optical communications, (ii) to describe how to combine multilevel modulation and channel coding, (iii) to describe how to perform equalization and soft-decoding jointly, and (iv) to demonstrate efficiency of joint de-modulation, decoding, and equalization in dealing with various channel impairments simultaneously. Codes on graphs of interest for next-generation FEC for high-speed optical transport include turbo codes, turbo-product codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We describe both binary and nonbinary LDPC codes, their design and decoding algorithms. We also discuss an FPGA implementation of decoders for binary LDPC codes. We demonstrate that an LDPC-coded turbo equalizer is an excellent candidate to simultaneously mitigate uncompensated chromatic dispersion, PMD, fiber nonlinearities and I/Q-imbalance. For completeness of presentation, we also provide the information capacity study of optical channels with memory.
Explaining the appearance of open-mouth operations in the 1990s U.S.

Abstract In the 1990s it became apparent that changes in the FOMC’s target rate could be implemented through announcements alone – “open mouth operations” – without adjustments to reserve supply or the discount rate. This cannot be explained by standard models of the Fed’s system of policy implementation at the time. It differed from experience in the 1970s, the earlier era of interest-rate targeting, though the structure of implementation appeared essentially similar. I explain the appearance of open-mouth operations as a consequence of longstanding Fed discount-window lending practices, interacting with a decrease after the 1970s in the relative importance of discount borrowing by small banks. Data on discount borrowing by large versus small banks in the 1980s–1990s and the 1970s support my explanation. Thanks to James Clouse, Selva Demiralp, Cheryl Edwards, William English, Marvin Goodfriend, Kenneth Kuttner and William Whitesell.
A sequential cohort study of combination immunotherapy with BN-brachyury vaccine, M7824, ALT-803 and epacadostat in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) (QuEST1).

TPS3130Background: Vaccine and checkpoint inhibitor monotherapies infrequently produce objective responses in mCRPC. Combination immunotherapy that 1) facilitates immune recognition of tumor, 2) in...
Abstract MP12: The Risk of Adverse Outcomes Associated With Opioid Prescriptions in People With Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease have limited therapeutic options for pain control and commonly are prescribed opioids. However, many opioids and/or their metabolites are renally ex...
Prenatal Exposure to Air Toxics and Malignant Germ Cell Tumors in Young Children.

Author(s): Hall, Clinton; Heck, Julia E; Ritz, Beate; Cockburn, Myles; Escobedo, Loraine A; von Ehrenstein, Ondine S | Abstract: ObjectiveTo assess prenatal air toxics exposure and risk for childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs) by histological subtype (yolk sac tumor and teratoma).MethodsIn this case-control study, GCT cases less than 6 years (n = 243) identified from California Cancer Registry records were matched by birth year to cancer-free population controls (n = 147,100), 1984 to 2013. Routinely monitored air toxic exposures were linked to subjects' birth address. Logistic regression estimated GCT risks per interquartile range increase in exposure.ResultsPrenatal exposure to various highly-correlated, traffic-related air toxics during the second trimester increased GCT risk, particularly 1,3-butadiene (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 2.26) and meta/para-xylene (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.21). Analyses by subtype indicated elevated ORs for yolk sac tumors but not teratomas.ConclusionOur estimated ORs are consistent with positive associations between some prenatal traffic-related air toxics and GCT risk, notably yolk sac tumors.
Racial Differences in Self-Reports of Sleep Duration in a Population-Based Study

Study Objectives: Racial and ethnic differences in sleep duration are not well understood. Research shows that short (≤6 hours) and long (≥9 hours) sleepers have higher mortality risks than mid-range sleepers. We investigated whether sleep duration varies by racial and ethnic characteristics and if some of these associations may be explained by residential context. Design: Cross-sectional National Health Interview Survey. Setting: Non-institutionalized adults living in the United States in 1990. Participants: 32,749 people aged 18 years or older. Measurement and Results: We estimate a multinomial logistic regression that predicts short, mid-range, and long sleep duration; including co-variates for race/ethnicity, among other demographic, health, and neighborhood characteristics. Black respondents had an increased risk of being short and long sleepers (OR=1.41,95% Cl=1.27-1.57 and OR=1.62,95% Cl=1.40-1.88, respectively) relative to white respondents. Hispanics (excluding Mexican Americans) and non-Hispanic "Others" were also associated with increased risk of short sleeping (OR=1.26, 95% Cl= 1.07-1.49 and OR=1.35, 95% Cl= 1.11-1.64, respectively). Living in an inner city was associated with increased risk of short sleeping and reduced risk of long sleeping, compared to non-urban areas. Some of the higher risk of short sleeping among blacks can be explained by higher prevalence of blacks living in the inner city. Conclusions: Blacks and other racial minorities are more likely to have sleep durations that are associated with increased mortality. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that unhealthy sleep patterns among minorities may contribute to health differentials.
Evaluation of thiamine for the prevention of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy.

Study objectiveTo determine whether thiamine prophylaxis decreases the incidence of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy in patients receiving ifosfamide for the treatment of lymphoma.DesignRetrospect...
The orphan nuclear receptor SHP regulates ER stress response by inhibiting XBP1s degradation

The orphan nuclear receptor SHP (small heterodimer partner) is a well-known transcriptional corepressor of bile acid and lipid metabolism in the liver; however, its function in other tissues is poorly understood. Here, we report an unexpected role for SHP in the exocrine pancreas as a modulator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. SHP expression is induced in acinar cells in response to ER stress and regulates the protein stability of the spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s), a key mediator of ER stress response. Loss of SHP reduces XBP1s protein level and transcriptional activity, which in turn attenuates the ER stress response during the fasting-feeding cycle. Consequently, SHP-deficient mice also are more susceptible to cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Mechanistically, we show that SHP physically interacts with the transactivation domain of XBP1s, thereby inhibiting the polyubiquitination and degradation of XBP1s by the Cullin3-SPOP (speckle-type POZ protein) E3 ligase complex. Together, our data implicate SHP in governing ER homeostasis and identify a novel posttranslational regulatory mechanism for the key ER stress response effector XBP1.
School Spending and Student Outcomes: Evidence from Revenue Limit Elections in Wisconsin

This study examines the impact of school spending on student outcomes. State-imposed revenue limits cap the total amount of revenue that a school district in Wisconsin can raise, unless the district holds a local referendum asking voters to exceed the cap. Importantly, Wisconsin law requires districts to hold separate referenda for operational and capital expenditures, which allows for estimating their independent effects. Leveraging close elections in a dynamic regression discontinuity framework, I find that increases in operational spending have substantial positive effects on test scores, dropout rates, and postsecondary enrollment, but additional capital expenditures have little impact.
Mutation of Conserved Mre11 Residues Alter Protein Dynamics to Separate Nuclease Functions

Naked and protein-blocked DNA ends occur naturally during immune cell development, meiosis, and at telomeres as well as from aborted topoisomerase reactions, collapsed replication forks, and other stressors. Damaged DNA ends are dangerous in cells and if left unrepaired can lead to genomic rearrangement, loss of genetic information, and eventually cancer. Mre11 is part of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex that recognizes DNA double-strand breaks and has exonuclease and endonuclease activities that help to initiate the repair processes to resolve these broken DNA ends. In fact, these activities are crucial for proper DNA damage repair pathway choice. Here, using Pyrococcus furiosus Mre11, we question how two Mre11 separation-of-function mutants, one previously described but the second first described here, maintain endonuclease activity in the absence of exonuclease activity. To start, we performed solution-state NMR experiments to assign the side-chain methyl groups of the 64-kDa Mre11 nuclease and capping domains, which allowed us to describe the structural differences between Mre11 bound to exo- and endonuclease substrates. Then, through biochemical and biophysical characterization, including NMR structural and dynamics studies, we compared the two mutants and determined that both affect the dynamic features and double-stranded DNA binding properties of Mre11, but in different ways. In total, our results illuminate the structural and dynamic landscape of Mre11 nuclease function.
Endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy and transanal minimally invasive surgery closure of leak following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis - a video vignette.

Anastomotic leaks (AL) after ileal pouch procedure occur in 4-17% of cases and can lead to pelvic sepsis, stricture, delayed ileostomy closure and pouch failure [1]. Redo-pelvic surgery can be technically demanding and is associated with major postoperative morbidity in 16% of case.[2]. Weidenhagen first described the use of endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy (E-VAT) for anastomotic leak [3]. Gardenbroek et al showed using E-VAT followed by open transanal surgical closure of the defect in patients with IPAA and AL can improve outcomes by reducing the anastomotic healing time [4].
Pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory effects of intravenous and transdermal flunixin meglumine in healthy goats

Flunixin meglumine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for its antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties in multiple mammalian species. In the United States (US), cattle are the only food-producing ruminant species that have an approved flunixin meglumine label. A new transdermal (TD) formulation of flunixin meglumine has been developed for use in cattle and has recently been released for use in cattle in the US. Selection of drugs for use in goats, in the US, is problematic due to the paucity of labeled products. More specifically, there are no NSAIDs labeled for use in goats in the US. Dosing, routes of administration, and indications for use of NSAIDs are extrapolated from cattle. Understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of NSAIDs in goats is critical to minimizing negative side effects of the drugs and mitigating tissue residues to ensure a safe food supply. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties and anti-inflammatory effects of intravenous and transdermal flunixin meglumine in healthy goats.
Association of income and educational attainment in hospitalization events in atrial fibrillation.

Abstract Objective Social determinants contribute to adverse outcomes in cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions. However, their investigation in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains limited. We examined the associations between annual income and educational attainment with risk of hospitalization in individuals with AF receiving care in a regional health care system. We hypothesized that individuals with lower income and lower education would have an increased risk of hospitalization. Methods We enrolled a cohort of individuals with prevalent AF from an ambulatory setting. We related annual income (≤$19,999/year; $20,000–49,000/year; $50,000–99,999/year; ≥$100,000/year) and educational attainment (high school/vocational; some college; Bachelor's; graduate) to hospitalization events in multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, using the Andersen-Gill model to account for the potential of participants to have multiple events. Results In 339 individuals with AF (age 72.3 ± 10.1 years; 43% women) followed for median 2.6 years (range 0–3.4 years), we observed 417 hospitalization events. We identified an association between both income and educational attainment and hospitalization risk. In multivariable-adjusted analyses which included educational attainment individuals in the lowest annual income category (≤19,999/year) had 2.0-fold greater hospitalization risk than those in the highest (≥100,000/year; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.08–4.09; p = 0.03). In multivariable-adjusted analyses without adjustment for income, those in the lowest educational attainment category (high school/vocational) had a 2-fold increased risk of hospitalization relative to the highest (graduate-level; 95% CI 1.12–3.54, p = 0.02). However, this association between education and events was attenuated with further adjustment for income (95% CI 0.97–3.15, p = 0.06). Conclusions We identified relationships between income and education and prospective risk of hospitalization risk in AF. Our findings support the consideration of social determinants in evaluating and treating socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals with AF to reduce hospitalization risk.
Hot-Hole-Induced Molecular Scissoring: A Case Study of Plasmon-Driven Decarboxylation of Aromatic Carboxylates

Optically excited plasmonic nanostructures may function as molecular scissors with unique capabilities to cleave specific chemical bonds in molecular adsorbates through either plasmon-enhanced intr...
Development of a Computer Program for Analyzing Preliminary Aircraft Configurations in Relationship to Emerging Agility Metrics

This paper discusses the development of a FORTRAN computer code to perform agility analysis on aircraft configurations. This code is to be part of the NASA-Ames ACSYNT (AirCraft SYNThesis) design code. This paper begins with a discussion of contemporary agility research in the aircraft industry and a survey of a few agility metrics. The methodology, techniques and models developed for the code are then presented. Finally, example trade studies using the agility module along with ACSYNT are illustrated. These trade studies were conducted using a Northrop F-20 Tigershark aircraft model. The studies show that the agility module is effective in analyzing the influence of common parameters such as thrust-to-weight ratio and wing loading on agility criteria. The module can compare the agility potential between different configurations. In addition, one study illustrates the module's ability to optimize a configuration's agility performance.
Chinese hamster hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Purification, structural, and catalytic properties.

Abstract Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Chinese hamster brain, liver, and V79 tissue culture cells appears to have identical structural and catalytic properties. The enzyme has been purified 540-fold to apparent homogeneity from Chinese hamster brain. The native molecular weight is 78,000 to 85,000 determined by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme appears to consist of three subunits of molecular weight 25,000 determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrofocusing and acrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrate the presence of at least three isozymes. The enzyme is remarkably stable at 85° if first incubated in 1 mm 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate. The enzyme is active from pH 5.5 to 11 with maximum activity at pH 10. The enzyme displays Michaelis-Menten kinetics with apparent Michaelis constants for hypoxanthine, guanine, and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate of 0.52, 1.1, and 5.3 µm, respectively.
Effects of Obesity, Food Restriction and Pregnancy on Fetal and Maternal Weight and on Body Composition in Rats

The effects of obesity and food restriction on fetal and maternal body weight and on maternal body composition were determined in pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Obesity was induced by several weeks of ad libitum feeding of a varied diet of retail food products which continued until experimental day 5 (gestational age in pregnant groups). From day 5 all groups were fed a standard diet. Ad libitum-fed obese pregnant rats gained less weight during pregnancy than non-obese rats. All rats which were 60% food restricted lost body weight. Weight loss in obese rats was due to loss of body fat whereas non-obese rats lost lean tissue as well. Obese pregnant rats ended the food restriction period 62 g heavier than non-obese restricted pregnant rats and had the same carcass weight and composition as ad libitum fed non-obese nonpregnant rats. Fetal and placental weight was reduced 25 percent by food restriction in obese as well as non-obese groups. These results indicate that during food restriction the fetal rat cannot parasitize maternal nutrient stores to prevent growth retardation, even if the mother is obese.
Structural Concepts in the Prediction of the Toxicity of Therapeutical Agents

Currently available substructure-based structure-activity relationship (SAR) methodologies, if expertly used, can be employed to predict the toxicological potential of therapeutic agents. Moreover, with robust SAR models of toxicological phenomena, it is feasible to understand the basis of these toxicities and to ascertain their relevance to possible human health risks. At present, SAR approaches to the evaluation of toxicity must be used in conjunction with human expert knowledge. The currently available technology can be used to design molecules of reduced toxicity which retain their therapeutic effectiveness. Keywords: SAR; structure-activity; toxicity; modeling; mechanism
Three empirical evaluations of a software reuse reference model

The contribution of this paper is three empirical evaluations of a reference model for the practice of software reuse. Our research thesis is that software development based upon a software reuse reference model improves quality of products, productivity of processes and product timedtodmarket for many software development enterprises. The definition and investigation of such a model has been carried out using three steps. First, the reference model is developed based on existing software reuse concepts. Second, this reference model is empirically evaluated using three studies: one using a survey method, one using a case studies method, and one using a legacy studies method. Third, the impact of the reference model on software development productivity, quality, and timedtodmarket is empirically derived.
Relative total-cross-section measurements for collisions of low-energy electrons (10-25 eV) with N 2 and CO

We report the measurements of the relative total cross sections of collisions between electrons and molecular nitrogen and between electrons and carbon monoxide for incident electron energies in the range 10--25 eV. Through the use of a crossed electron--supersonic-molecular-beam configuration and a phase-lock detection technique we obtain direct measurement of features in the relative total cross section that are approximately 10/sup -3/ of the total cross section itself. Our measurements confirm that the e/sup -/-N/sub 2/ collisions exhibit a number of features that can be consistently interpreted with the grandparent model proposed by Sanche and Schultz (Phys. Rev. A 6, 69 (1972)), and further developed by Brunt, King, and Read (J. Phys. B 11, 173 (1978)). The e/sup -/-CO collisions are also amenable to this interpretation. We find no evidence of a Feshbach resonance at 15.6 eV and suggest that the Feshbach resonances in the e/sup -/-CO system arise from only two grandparent states, as they do in the e/sup -/-N/sub 2/ system.
Epigenetic regulation of ageing: linking environmental inputs to genomic stability

Ageing is affected by both genetic and non-genetic factors. Here, we review the chromatin-based epigenetic changes that occur during ageing, the role of chromatin modifiers in modulating lifespan and the importance of epigenetic signatures as biomarkers of ageing. We also discuss how epigenome remodelling by environmental stimuli affects several aspects of transcription and genomic stability, with important consequences for longevity, and outline epigenetic differences between the 'mortal soma' and the 'immortal germ line'. Finally, we discuss the inheritance of characteristics of ageing and potential chromatin-based strategies to delay or reverse hallmarks of ageing or age-related diseases.
Pulmonary Metastases From Autochthonous 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Murine Tumors

In three experiments, 87%, 75%, and 85% of female C57BL/6N mice developed pulmonary metastases by 50 days after amputation of legs having autochthonous 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. No difference in the incidence of pulmonary metastases was observed when autochthonous tumors of short (49--94 days) and longer (95--119 days) latency periods were compared. These metastasizing autochthonous tumors may provide a useful model for studies of metastases and for the evaluation of cancer therapy in a minimal residual disease setting.
Magnetic Field Shift due to Mechanical Vibration in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Mechanical vibrations of the gradient coil system during readout in echo-planar imaging (EPI) can increase the temperature of the gradient system and alter the magnetic field distribution during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This effect is enhanced by resonant modes of vibrations and results in apparent motion along the phase encoding direction in fMRI studies. The magnetic field drift was quantified during EPI by monitoring the resonance frequency interleaved with the EPI acquisition, and a novel method is proposed to correct the apparent motion. The knowledge on the frequency drift over time was used to correct the phase of the k-space EPI dataset. Since the resonance frequency changes very slowly over time, two measurements of the resonance frequency, immediately before and after the EPI acquisition, are sufficient to remove the field drift effects from fMRI time series. The frequency drift correction method was tested "in vivo" and compared to the standard image realignment method. The proposed method efficiently corrects spurious motion due to magnetic field drifts during fMRI.
Spectrochemical Analysis of a Superplastic Alloy

An analysis of residual impurities and alloy additions was needed to establish concentration ranges and limits in a superplastic alloy. A spectrochemical method using two different techniques was developed to complete this analysis. The first was a solution-rotating are procedure for analyzing the alloying elements. The second was a powder dc arc procedure for analyzing the residual impurities. In this technique, the metal is converted to an oxide. The average coefficient of variation of the residual impurities and alloy additions was 15.5% and 6.0%, respectively. Synthetic standards were used and the analytical lines, apparatus, and excitation parameters are described in detail.
Axisymmetric nuclei of strain and their applications for multilayered solids

Abstract In this paper, the effect of several axisymmetric elastic singularities (i.e., point forces, double forces, sum of two double forces and centers of dilatation) on the elastic response of a multilayered solid is investigated. The boundary conditions in an infinite solid at the plane passing through the singularity are derived first using Papkovich–Neuber harmonic functions. Then, a Green’s function solution for multilayered solids is obtained by solving a set of simultaneous linear algebraic equations using both the boundary conditions for the singularity and the layer interfaces. Finally, the elastic solutions in a single layer on an infinite substrate due to point defects and infinitesimal prismatic dislocation loops are presented to illustrate the application of these Green’s function solutions.
Cognitive deficits, obesity and disability in schizophrenia

Despite 50 years of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions schizophrenia remains one of the leading causes of disability. The inability to function in everyday settings includes deficits in performance of social, occupational, and independent living activities. Schizophrenia is also a life-shortening illness, caused mainly by poor physical health and its complications. Dysfunctional lifestyles including sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity prevail, while treatment with adipogenic antipsychotic medication interacts with poor performance in screening, monitoring, and intervention that result in shortening of life expectancies by 25–30 years. Disability interferes with self-care and medical care, further worsening physical health to produce a vicious cycle of disability. Further, the neurobiological impact of obesity on brain functioning is substantial and relevant to schizophrenia. Decision making deficits that lead to choices resulting in obesity themselves have neurobiological determinants. Simultaneous treatment of cognitive deficits and related deficits in functional skills, ubiquitous determinants of everyday functioning in schizophrenia, and targeted interventions aimed at poor physical health, especially obesity and associated comorbidities, may lead to additive or even interactive gains in everyday functioning in patients with schizophrenia not previously realized with other interventions.
Hemolysis Associated With Water Administration Using a Nipple Bottle for Human Infants in Juvenile Pygmy Goats

A 4-month-old, 6.8-kg, castrated male pygmy goat was examined for recurrent episodic fever and red urine of 7 days' duration. A second, 3-month-old, 7-kg, intact female pygmy goat was presented for similar clinical signs. The red discoloration of the urine in each case was determined to be due to hemolysis with subsequent hemoglobinuria. In both cases, hemolysis and hemoglobinuria were closely associated with the goats consuming large volumes of water from a human infant's nipple bottle. A diagnosis of water intoxication-induced hemolysis and hemoglobinuria was made. Episodes of hemoglobinuria in the first case were consistently associated with dilute (specific gravity < 1.010) urine. Water intoxication has been associated with bottle-feeding in human infants and is also widely reported in human psychiatric patients. The small erythrocytes in goats appear to be the most sensitive of the domestic species to hypotonicity-induced hemolysis.
The effect of the steric hindrance on metallic cation conduction in polymer electrolytes

2,6-Di-t-butylphenol and oligo(ethylene oxide) bound covalently to polyisocyanate were synthesized and characterized. The ionic conductivities of their Li, Na, and K phenolates were studied at various temperatures. The conductivities were in the range of 10−7−10−5 S/cm at 30°C. The conductivity of Na and K salts was approximately 102 greater than that of the Li salts. The t-butyl groups serve to dissociate K and Na ions from the phenoxide. The cations, therefore, are more mobile as a result increasing the conductivity. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity suggests that the migration of ions is controlled by segmental motion of the polymer, shown by linear curves obtained in Vogel–Tammann–Fulchere plots. The polyisocyanate backbone is a rather stiff structure, however, a flexible oligo(ethylene oxide) side chain forms complexes with metal ion. Since the ion transport is associated with the local movement of polymer segments, the rigidity of the polymer backbone does not have much influence on the ion mobility.
Transformations of Group 7 Carbonyl Complexes: Possible Intermediates in a Homogeneous Syngas Conversion Scheme

A variety of C−H and C−C bond forming reactions of group 7 carbonyl complexes have been studied as potential steps in a homogeneously catalyzed conversion of syngas to C_(2+) compounds. The metal formyl complexes M(CO)_3(PPh_3)_2(CHO) (M = Mn, Re) are substantially stabilized by coordination of boranes BX_3 (X = F, C_6F_5) in the form of novel boroxycarbene complexes M(CO)_3(PPh_3)_2(CHOBX_3), but these boron-stabilized carbenes do not react with hydride sources to undergo further reduction to metal alkyls. The related manganese methoxycarbene cations [Mn(CO)_(5−x)(PPh_3)_x(CHOMe)]+ (x = 1 or 2), obtained by methylation of the formyls, do react with hydrides to form methoxymethyl complexes, which undergo further migratory insertion under an atmosphere of CO. The resulting acyls, cis- and trans-Mn(PPh_3)(CO)_4(C(O)CH_2OMe), can be alkylated to form the cationic carbene complex [Mn(PPh_3)(CO)_4(C(OR)CH_2OMe)]^+, which undergoes a 1,2 hydride shift to form 1,2-dialkoxyethylene, which is displaced from the metal, releasing triflate or diethyl ether adducts of [Mn(PPh_3)(CO)_4]^+. The acyl can also be protonated with HOTf to form a hydroxycarbene complex, which rearranges to Mn(PPh_3)(CO)_4(CH_2COOMe) and is protonolyzed to yield methyl acetate and [Mn(PPh_3)(CO)_4]^+; addition of L (L = PPh_3, CO) to the manganese cation regenerates [Mn(PPh_3)(CO)_4(L)]^+. Since the original formyl complex can be obtained by the reaction of [Mn(PPh_3)(CO)_5]^+ with [PtH(dmpe)_2]^+, which in turn can be generated from H_2, this set of transformations amounts to a stoichiometric cycle for selectively converting H_2 and CO into a C_2 compound under mild conditions.
On n-Widths in Sobolev Spaces and Applications to Elliptic Boundary Value Problems*

and we define an optimal approximating subspace A%? in % as any subspace of dimension <n satisfying dJO2) = E(& A). In this paper we will be concerned with n-widths in Hilbert space, especially Sobolev spaces and 9s spaces, and we will make applications of n-width results to functional equations and elliptic boundary value problems. Such applications arise naturally because of the fundamental numerical relationship which exists between the n-widths of classes satisfying quadratic inequalities and the eigenvalues of the associated functional equation or boundary value problem. Such relationships characterize the n-widths,roughly speaking, as the square roots of the reciprocals of the positive eigenvalues arranged in increasing order according to multiplicity. Characterizations of this type were obtained in [12] in the setting of L?‘@), Q a bounded region in Euclidean space, and in [13] asymptotic estimates of these n-widths were obtained and an application was made to the estimation of the asymptotic
Application of stochastic robustness to aircraft control systems

Guaranteeing robustness has long been an important design objective of control system analysis. Stochastic robustness is a simple numerical procedure that can be used to measure and gain insight into robustness properties associated with linear control systems. In the realm of aircraft control systems, problems such as the effects of flight condition perturbations and model-order uncertainties on robustness are easily and effectively analyzed using stochastic robustness. The concept of stochastic robustness is reviewed and examples are presented demonstrating its use in flight control system analysis.
Schooling, basic skills and economic outcomes

Abstract This paper uses data from the National Adult Literacy Survey to examine the relationship between schooling and earnings. Basic skills are partitioned between those acquired through schooling and those acquired elsewhere. The study finds that, for the most part, it is the substance of learning in school — the accumulated human capital — that counts. Further, the strength of the human capital explanation versus the credential explanation of returns to schooling varies by race. A large disparity is found between whites and blacks in the way annual earnings respond to basic skills acquired through schooling.
Baking Studies with Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.DC) Flour‐Wheat Flour Blends

Physical, rheological and baking properties of winged bean-wheat composite flours were studied and the acceptability of the bread was evaluated by sensory tests. The sponge-dough method (SPD) gave bread with significantly greater specific loaf volume (P<0.05) than the straight-dough method (STD). Incorporation of 1% sodium stearoyl 2-lactylate (SSL) significantly improved (P<0.05) the specific loaf volume at all concentrations of winged bean full-fat flour (WBFF) tested, except for 15 and 20% substitution, for both STD and SPD methods. Using the STD method, 5% to 8% substitution of WBFF without SSL and 10% substitution with SSL gave acceptable breads. Using the SPD method, WBFF substitution at 10% without SSL and 12% with SSL gave acceptable breads.
Generating Vehicle-Specific Speed Profiles from Automatic Traffic Recorders

Conventional speed studies can be used to evaluate the effects of various aspects of highway design and traffic control on the speeds at which drivers choose to travel. Typical parameters examined are mean speeds, 85th percentile speeds, and speed variation indicated by standard deviation or mode. More detailed studies have been conducted by using manual techniques and specialized equipment to generate vehicle-specific speed profiles. A useful technique, called vehicle tracing, allows data from common automatic traffic recorders to be used to generate such profiles automatically. The availability of these profiles opens new avenues of analysis that ultimately promote safer highway design and traffic-control practices. This technique is discussed, and its benefits are illustrated through a case study—an evaluation of optical speed bars, an innovative technique for slowing traffic in highway work zones.
Use of food attitudes and behaviors in determination of the personality characteristic of openness: A pilot study

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the potential use of individual food attitudes and behaviors in determining the personality characteristic of openness. For this purpose, the Food Attitude Behavior Openness Scale (FABOS) was developed and administered to a sample of hospitality management students. Individuals scored similarly on the FABOS instrument, the Attitudinal Behavioral Openness Scale (ABOS) and the Tolerance–Intolerance of Ambiguity (TIA) scale. Results from this study suggested that food attitudes and behaviors could act as an indicator of the personality characteristic of openness. This is the first study of its kind that has attempted to connect food attitudes and behaviors with openness.
The good parent process of sexual selection

Abstract Two general processes have been proposed to explain the evolution of epigamic traits (i.e. secondary sexual characteristics that evolve in response to mate choice). The good genes process maintains that epigamic traits may be used to assess the genetic quality of potential mates. The Fisherian process maintains that these traits can evolve without any effect beyond conferring sexual attractiveness to the bearer. A third process leading to the evolution of epigamic traits is presented here: the good parent process. Epigamic traits arise through this process by clarifying the differences in non-heritable parental quality among potential mates. The good parent process is validated by a haploid population genetic model, which further suggests that increases in the frequency of good fathers in the population and phenotypic plasticity of the trait enhance the evolution of a good parent trait. Species in which this process should be active can be identified, and data from natural populations can falsify or support the hypothesis that the good parent process dominated in the evolution of a particular epigamic trait. The three processes of epigamic trait evolution are not mutually exclusive. They may all occur in nature with different frequecies and intensities.
Michael Bárány: a recollection

In this special edition of the Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, we recall the lives and scientific contributions of Michael and Kate Barany, who died in 2011. Michael and Kate were Holocaust survivors who went on to become leading researchers in muscle contraction. Their research topics included myosin isoforms, phosphorylation as a regulator of muscle contraction and the application of NMR to study muscle metabolism. They were deeply committed to science and to fostering the careers of young investigators.
Activating Mutations of NOTCH1 in Human T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Very rare cases of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) harbor chromosomal translocations that involve NOTCH1, a gene encoding a transmembrane receptor that regulates normal T cell development. Here, we report that more than 50% of human T-ALLs, including tumors from all major molecular oncogenic subtypes, have activating mutations that involve the extracellular heterodimerization domain and/or the C-terminal PEST domain of NOTCH1. These findings greatly expand the role of activated NOTCH1 in the molecular pathogenesis of human T-ALL and provide a strong rationale for targeted therapies that interfere with NOTCH signaling.
Variables affecting leakage past endotracheal tube cuffs: a bench study

Purpose Leakage of oral secretions past endotracheal tubes (ETT) has been implicated in ventilator associated pneumonia. The aim of this bench study was to compare the ability of current generation ETT cuffs to prevent fluid leakage and to determine the specific mechanical ventilator settings that affect movement of fluid across an inflated ETT cuff.