cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphological Changes Leading to the Nonculturable State

Specific morphological changes occur when bacterial cells are introduced into nutrient-depleted environments. In addition, bacteria that are indigenous to these conditions tend to be smaller than bacteria found in nutrient-rich environments. Changes in bacterial morphology during starvation-survival have been previously reviewed (45, 61). The conditions under which bacteria alter their morphology are discussed, with reasons for the changes suggested.
The Anatomy of the Avian Digestive Tract as Related to Feed Utilization

The anatomy of the avian GI tract is believed to markedly influence the utilization of feed processed by it. The anterior portion of the tract is adapted for ingestion, storage, and partial digestion of starch and proteins. The structure of the avian intestine is similar to that of other monogastrics except that lacteals are not found. Damage to the intestinal epithelium may decrease nutrient absorption, whereas epithelial replacement may result in improved nutrient utilization. Mitochondrial and other organelle changes are associated with changes in nutrient absorption. The avian intestine has a prominent glycocalyx overlying the microvilli. The avian liver lacks the true lobular structure of the mammalian liver. The hepatocytes are arranged in plates two cell layers thick around the bile caniculi. The avian pancreatic structure contains two main and two smaller lobes containing acinar cells, which secrete digestive enzymes into the the pancreatic ducts, and endocrine cells, which secrete hormones into the general circulation. The structure of the colon is similar to that of the intestine except for poor enervation.
Microstrip patch with adaptive conductivity

We are investigating techniques that electrically change the conductivity of microstrip patch antennas. Altering the conductivity of certain areas of a patch antenna can be useful for controlling the weighting of elements in an array or for tuning the antenna to a desirable frequency. Materials that have adjustable conductivity include conductive electoactive polymers and silicon. Conductive electoactive polymers have a conductivity that is proportional to an applied electric potential. Polypyrroles and polyanilines are examples that exhibit changes in conductivity between 10"7 and 103 S/cm. Conducting polymeric materials have controllable conductivity at microwave frequencies. Applying a small dc potential across a poly(aniline)-silver-polymer electrolyte composite quickly changes its conductivity. These materials have been incorporated into a Salisbury screen to dynamically alter the radar cross section of large surfaces. In this paper, we report on modeling and experimental results aimed at creating a reconfigurable patch antenna partly made with high-purity silicon which has a conductivity that can be varied over a wide range using infrared illumination.
It's the Thought That Counts: Specific Brain Regions for One Component of Theory of Mind

Evidence from developmental psychology sug- gests that representing the contents of other people's thoughts and beliefs depends on a component of reasoning aboutother minds(theoryofmind)thatisdistinctfromthe earlier-developing mental-state concepts for goals, per- ceptions,andfeelings.Toprovideconvergingevidence,the current study investigated the substrate of the late-devel- oping process in adult brains. Three regions—the right and left temporo-parietal junction and the posterior cingulate—respondedselectivelywhensubjectsreadabout a protagonist's thoughts, but not when they read about other subjective, internal states or other socially relevant information about a person. By contrast, the medial pre- frontal cortex responded equivalently in all of these story conditions, a result consistent with a broader role for medial prefrontal cortex in general social cognition. These data support the hypothesis that the early- and late-de- veloping components of theory of mind rely on separate psychological and neural mechanisms, and that these mechanisms remain distinct into adulthood. In the classic false-belief test, preschoolers are told a story like this: ''Sally puts her ball in a basket and leaves; Anne takes the ball from the basket and puts it in a box.'' The children are then asked, ''When Sally comes back, where will she look for her ball?'' Four-year-olds know that Sally will look for the ball in the basket, where Sally thinks the ball is. Younger children con- sistently predict the opposite: They expect Sally to look for her ball in the box, where the ball really is (Wellman, Cross, & Watson, 2001; Wimmer & Perner, 1983).
Use of testosterone replacement therapy in the United States and its effect on subsequent prostate cancer outcomes.

Objective To assess utilization trends and determine the effect of testosterone replacement therapy on outcomes in men who subsequently developed prostate cancer. Methods We used linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare data to identify 149,354 men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1992 to 2007. Of those, 2,237 men (1.5%) underwent testosterone replacement therapy before their prostate cancer diagnosis. Propensity scoring methods were used to assess cancer-specific outcomes of testosterone replacement vs no replacement therapy. Results Testosterone replacement was associated with older age at cancer diagnosis, nonwhite race, and higher comorbidity ( P P P Conclusion Through our observational study design, we show that testosterone use was low throughout the study period. Testosterone use was not associated with aggressive prostate cancer and did not affect overall or disease-specific mortality. Although our findings support growing evidence that testosterone replacement is safe with respect to prostate cancer, confirmatory prospective studies are needed.
High-Resolution Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Detection and Quantitation of Ethanol in Human Serum

i A precise, accurate, and nondestructive method for the detection and quantltatlon of serum ethanol In humans uslng proton (IH) nuclear magnetlc resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was developed. The IH MRS method was llnear wlthln the range of 30-1500 mg/L. The lowest detectable ethanol concentration was 15 mg/L, with 30 mg/L belng the lowest level reproduclbly quantltated. Within-run and day-to-day coefficients of variation (CV) ranged from 0.6 to 2.7% and 0.5 to 3.5%, respectively. The excellent day-to-day CVs indicate a negllgible loss of ethanol due to volatilization during analysis.
Politics and Dam Safety: The St. Francis Dam Disaster and the Boulder Canyon Project Act

In March 1928, the U.S. Congress was poised to approve the Boulder Canyon Project Act (BCPA) and authorize federal support for building what would become Hoover Dam. California Congressman Phil Swing and Senator Hiram Johnson had championed the BCPA since the early 1920s and now – despite continued opposition from private power interests and Arizona politicians – their politicking appeared ready to bear fruit. But minutes before midnight on March 12th the St. Francis Dam gave way, releasing a deadly torrent down the Santa Clara Valley in Southern California and killing more than 400 people. This paper examines the relationship of Los Angeles (and St. Francis Dam designer William Mulholland) to the BCPA, and considers how a key investigation of the disaster was tied to the proposed Hoover/Boulder Dam. While assessing the technology of concrete curved gravity dam design in the 1920s, it also considers how the disaster prompted authorization of a special Colorado River Board and delayed congressional passage of the BCPA until December 1928. It concludes with consideration of how the disaster spurred revision of California’s dam safety regulations and professional concerns this initiative engendered among members of the ASCE.
Therapy with Siblings in Reorganizing Families.

The loss of parenting figures through death, divorce, or other kinds of separation often leaves children without consistent parental support and with increased fears of abandonment. In the natural cycle, siblings can maintain almost lifelong relationships and therefore are in a position to offer each other a significant support system over an extended period of time. We have found that work with sibling subgroups can help children to resolve their individual and shared conflicts as well as to remove interferences to mutually supportive relationships. Illustrative cases are presented and treatment guidelines offered.
Deferred empathy: A construct with implications for the mental health of older adults

Deferred empathy occurs when an experience provokes a memory that after reflection allows people to say, “Now I understand.” Heretofore, the concept was explored only in quantitative research; therefore, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to elicit a more detailed description of the construct of deferred empathy. For most of the participants (n = 20) triggering events involved personal challenges such as loss, loss of control, or interpersonal conflict that reminded them of, and changed, their perception of earlier relationships. Development of empathy involved reflection on past and present events, making choices, changing expectations, and learning acceptance. The process resulted in appreciative understanding of others as well as personal benefits. Findings have implications for mental health promotion in older adults in which life review promotes gerotranscendence.
Model reduction and control for networked systems with high energy throughput

The present paper analyzes the energy dynamics of networked process units. In such systems, the material recycle streams interconnecting the units take on the additional role of energy carriers. In the presence of large energy input and output flows, the process networks considered are shown to exhibit a dynamic behavior with multiple time scales, with the variables in the energy balance evolving over a short time horizon, and the variables in the material balance exhibiting both fast and slow transients. A singular perturbation analysis is employed for the derivation of reduced order models for the fast and slow dynamics, and a controller design framework that rationally accounts for this time scale separation is subsequently proposed. Finally, an illustrative example and numerical simulation results are presented.
p -adic L -functions and p -adic periods of modular forms

Let E be an elliptic curve which is defined over Q and has stable reduction modulo a given prime p. Assuming that E is modular, one can associate to E a p-adic L-function Lp(E, s). (See [-Mz-SwD, A-V, Vi, Mz-T-T] for its construction in various cases.) This function is defined by a certain interpolation property and is analytic for seZp. In this paper, we will assume that E has split multiplicative reduction at p. Under this assumption the interpolation property implies that Lp(E, 1)=0. We will prove a formula for Ep(E, 1) which was discovered experimentally by Mazur, Tate, and Teitelbaum [Mz-T-T]. By Tate's p-adic urfiformization theory, there is a p-adic integer q~:epZp (which we refer to as the Tate period for E) and a p-adic analytic isomorphism
Application of geometric dimensioning & tolerancing for sharp corner and tangent contact lens seats

This paper outlines methods for dimensioning and tolerancing lens seats that mate with spherical lens surfaces. The two types of seats investigated are sharp corner and tangent contact. The goal is to be able to identify which seat dimensions influence lens tilt and displacement and develop a quantifiable way to assign tolerances to those dimensions to meet tilt and displacement requirements. After looking at individual seats, methods are then applied to multiple lenses with examples. All geometric dimensioning and tolerancing is according to ASME Y14.5M - 1994. Geometric dimension and tolerancing (GD&T) is a very powerful language for assigning tolerances to features on a part. It allows for control of a feature's form, size, orientation, and position. Like any language, there can be multiple ways to describe a part's features using GD&T and still get similar results. This paper looks at ways GD&T can be used to describe those dimensions and tolerances important for locating and orientating lenses within a housing. Specifically of interest is mounting one or more lenses with a spherical surface using either a sharp corner or tangent contact seat. It is important to first investigate the seat dimensions that influence tilt and displacement and understand their relationship for a single lens. This is at the core of establishing design intent. Using that information, it's possible to select appropriate GD&T callouts to express that intent. Next, these concepts will be applied to two lens systems with suggestions on configuring systems with three or more lenses. It should be noted that familiarity with ASME Y14.5M -1994 is assumed. Also, this paper does not explore the effects of form errors. Form is controlled within the context of size, orientation, and position tolerances. Its effects are assumed to be small compared to the other three types of errors. When sizing dimensions, thermal effects due to possible differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of materials used are not considered as are methods of lens retention. Both are important considerations for designing an actual system, but beyond the scope of this paper. Also, while statistical tolerancing methods could have been applied, worse case tolerancing is used. Additionally, all units are in millimeters unless otherwise specified.
Draba simmonsii (Brassicaceae), a New Species of the D. micropetala Complex from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Draba simmonsii Elven & Al-Shehbaz (Brassicaceae), a new species from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is described and illustrated. Its taxonomic history, distribution, habitats, and distinguishing characters from the closely related D. micropetala Hooker and D. pauciflora R. Brown are discussed. The IUCN status of the new species is determined as Least Concern (LC). Draba simmonsii is based on D. alpina L. var. gracilescens Simmons, which is lectotypified.
Right Calf Pain with Walking

A 65-year-old male presents with a 5-month history of progressively worsening right calf pain upon walking. He describes the pain as a tightening or cramping, and it comes on after walking two blocks. The pain forces him to stop walking and is relieved after he sits down for 10 min. He can then resume walking again. The pain comes on consistently at the same 2-block walking distance each time, unless he walks fast or uphill, in which case he can walk much less. He denies waking up at night with pain in his foot. Past medical history is significant for a 1 pack per day (ppd) smoking habit for 40 years and hypertension. Physical examination demonstrates a moderately obese male. He has normal 2+ femoral pulses bilaterally; nonpalpable (0) popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial pulses on the right side; and diminished (1+) popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial pulses on the left. He is moderately obese, yet both legs appear to be thin. The skin on his lower legs appears thinned out, flaky, and dry, with no hair. His toenails are thickened. There are no ulcers in his feet. Capillary refill is diminished in his right foot at 4 s (normal ≤ 2 s). Laboratory values reveal a total cholesterol of 280 mg/dl (normal 35 mg/dL).
The US Navy's Indo–Pacific challenge

Beginning in late 2011, successive US defence policy documents and official pronouncements explicitly depicted American strategy in Asia in Indo–Pacific terms. Secretary of State Hilary Clinton was the first top US official to frame expanding US partnerships with Australia, India, and Indonesia in the broader Indo–Pacific context. Subsequently, President Barak Obama reaffirmed Clinton's vision in his November 2011 speech to the Australian House of Representatives. Two months later, the Pentagon published its strategic guidance that directed the US military to ‘rebalance toward the Asia–Pacific region', declaring that American interests are ‘inextricably linked to developments in the arc extending from the western Pacific and East Asia into the Indian Ocean region and South Asia'. The ‘pivot’ to the Indo–Pacific has since become the driving force behind the US regional strategy.
Reliable Scalar-Visual Event-Detection in Wireless Visual Sensor Networks

In this work we consider an event-driven wireless visual sensor network (WVSN) where each camera node transmits a frame to the cluster-head only if an event of interest was captured in the frame for energy and bandwidth conservation. Specifically, we consider the scenario where each camera node receives decision support from an independent but possibly attacked (and hence error-prone) scalar-sensor regarding the presence or absence of an event. We study the overall detection performance achieved by various techniques that utilize the scalar and image-based decisions. We conclude that in image sequences involving extraneous lighting and background changes (such as in the case of outdoor surveillance), the combination techniques generally achieve a lower total probability of error.
Rapamycin and mTOR: a serendipitous discovery and implications for breast cancer

Rapamycin was discovered more than thirty years ago from a soil sample from the island of Rapa Nui. It was isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus and initial characterization focused on its antifungal activities. Subsequent characterization showed that it has immunosuppressive properties and has been used successfully to reduce organ rejection with kidney transplantation. Rapamycin has proven to be a versatile compound with several seemingly unrelated properties, including antifungal, immunosuppressive, and anticancer. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Developmental Therapeutics Program demonstrated that rapamycin inhibited cell growth in tumor cell lines. These observations stimulated research to explore the underlying mechanism of anti-tumor activities. Cell growth inhibition involves binding to the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR). The mTOR signaling pathway is critical to cell growth, proliferation, and survival and rapamycin inhibits these hallmark processes of cancer. Binding of growth factors activates mTOR signaling, which in turn leads to downstream phosphorylation of protein kinases, e.g., p70S6 kinase and lipid kinases in the phosphorylation of phosphoinositides. Understanding of mTOR signaling provided the biological basis for targeted chemotherapeutics development, including several rapamycin analogues for treating breast and other cancers.
The sociological turn in information science

This paper explores the history of `the social' in information science. It traces the influence of social scientific thinking on the development of the field's intellectual base. The continuing appropriation of both theoretical and methodological insights from domains such as social studies of science, science and technology studies, and socio-technical systems is discussed.
Ecological-Evolutionary Theory: A Reanalysis and Reassessment of Lenski's Theory for the 21st Century

Gerhard Lenski's ecological-evolutionary theory of human societies, originally presented and tested in Power and Privilege (1966) and Human Societies (1970), makes a number of general and specific predictions about the impact of subsistence technology on the fundamental features of societies, as well as identifying constraints that the techno-economic heritage of currently industrializing societies continue to exercise on their development trajectories. This paper reviews the strategies adopted for presenting and for testing the theory, critically analyzes and extends some important results of its empirical tests, and explores issues confronting the future development and presentation of the theory.
A multithreaded concurrent garbage collector parallelizing the new instruction in Java

Parallel, multithreaded Java applications such as Web servers, database servers, and scientific applications are becoming increasingly prevalent. Most of them have high object instantiation rates through the new bytecode that is implemented in a garbage collection subsystem typically. For aforementioned applications, traditional garbage collectors are often the bottleneck that limits program performance and processor utilization on multiprocessor systems. They suffer from long garbage collection pauses (stop-the-world mark-sweep algorithm) or inability of collecting cyclic garbage (reference counting approach). Generational garbage collection, however, is based only on the weak generational hypothesis that most objects die young. In this paper, a new multithreaded concurrent generational garbage collector (MCGC) based on mark-sweep with the assistance of reference counting is proposed. The MCGC can take advantage of multiple CPUs in an SMP system and the merits or light weight processes. Furthermore, the long garbage collection pause can be reduced and the garbage collection efficiency can be enhanced.
Complete Wetting of a Rough Surface: An X-Ray Study

The evolution of the surface structure of a wetting film on a rough surface as a function of the film thickness has been studied by x-ray specular reflection and surface diffusion scattering. For thin films (\ensuremath{\lesssim}60 \AA{}) the liquid surface is characterized by static undulations induced by the roughness of the substrate; however, with increasing film thickness the structure is dominated by thermally induced capillary waves. The data are quantitatively described by a model with exclusively van der Waals liquid-substrate interactions.
A Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor: First Steps toward an Assay for Alzheimer's Disease

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) nanosensor based on the optical properties of Ag nanotriangles is shown to aid in the understanding of the interaction between amyloid β-derived diffusible ligands (ADDL) and the anti-ADDL antibody, molecules possibly involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. By varying the concentration of anti-ADDL antibody, a surface confined binding constant of 3.0 × 107 M-1 for the interaction of ADDLs and anti-ADDLs was measured. Influences of Cr, the nanoparticle adhesion layer, will be shown to be the limiting factor in the sensitivity of this assay. This is the first nonmodel application of the LSPR nanosensor.
The logic of optics and the optics of logic

There have been various attempts to implement the standard logical formalism, known as "Boolean Logic", stemming from Aristotle, the Stoics, Leibniz, Boole, and Frege, extending to the fuzzy logic developed by Zadeh [Info. Ctl. 338 (1965) 353]. That logic, isomorphic, as we now know, with the logic of electric circuitry, was not designed for optical implementation. Nor has there been a notable success in developing such an implementation. We demonstrate a new type of logic designed for implementation by coherent optics. It has the logic of Zadeh as a special case just as Zadeh's logic has the logic of Boolean algebra as a special case. Because the new logic operates over a finite set of vectors in the complex domain, we call it Vector Logic. Some Vector Logic operations are very easy to implement, but the universal "Vector NOR" or VNOR gate is quite complex. Optical Vector Logic gates are passive, so they operate at the bandwidth of the signal input and readout. And, of course, the parallel nature of many coherent optical processors can apply here as well to yield SIMD and even MIMD systems.
Identification management and its bases: Bridging management and marketing perspectives through a focus on affiliation dimensions

There has been growing interest in both management and marketing regarding how individuals become identified with organizations and how organizations attempt to manage these identifications. The authors present a framework built on explicit and implicit points of convergence in research conducted in both these disciplines. In their review of the management and marketing literatures, the authors suggest three fundamental mechanisms, or “bases”, for managing organizational identification: relational, behavioral, and symbolic. Furthermore, the authors argue that how an individual is affiliated with an organization will impact the relative influence of these identification management bases. The authors conclude by suggesting how management and marketing scholars can create a theoretical space for future interdisciplinary work Such a change would involve moving away from “employees” versus “customers” as a prime division between the fields and moving toward a more fine-grained approach that emphasizes the unique characteristics of individual-organizational relationships.
Sequence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Gag Localization and Oligomerization Monitored with Live Confocal Imaging of a Replication-Competent, Fluorescently Tagged HIV-1

The assembly of infectious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires that Gag transport and oligomerization be coordinated with its association with other viral proteins, viral RNAs, and cellular membranes. We have developed a replication-competent HIV type 1 molecular clone that carries a Gag-internal or interdomain green fluorescent protein (iGFP) fusion to reveal a physiologically accurate temporal sequence of Gag localization and oligomerization during the formation of infectious HIV. This recombinant HIV is as infectious as native HIV in single-round infectivity assays, validating its use for trafficking studies. It replicates robustly in permissive MT4 cells and is infectious, yet it spreads poorly in other T-cell lines. Immunofluorescence of Gag-iGFP showed a pattern very similar to that of native Gag. However, the intense plasma membrane Gag-iGFP fluorescence contrasts markedly with its immunofluorescence at this site, indicating that many Gag epitopes can be masked by oligomerization. Consistent with this, fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies visualized intense Gag oligomerization at the plasma membrane and weaker oligomerization at cytoplasmic sites. Four-dimensional, time-lapse confocal imaging reveals a temporal progression of Gag distribution over hours in which Gag is initially diffusely localized within the cytoplasm. Plasma membrane signals then accumulate as Gag levels increase and vesicular association appears late, only after plasma membrane site signals have reached high intensity. Lastly, the cell rounds up and HIV protease activation induces diffuse fluorescence throughout the cell. These distinct phases reveal a natural progression of Gag trafficking during the viral gene expression program. HIV Gag-iGFP is a useful tool for dissecting mechanisms of viral assembly and transmission.
Franciscan geologic history constrained by tectonic/olistostromal high-grade metamafic blocks in the iconic California Mesozoic-Cenozoic accretionary complex

![Figure][1] Subduction generated a NW-trending Andean arc along the Californian margin beginning at ~175 Ma. Coeval high-pressure (HP) transformation of oceanic crust in an east-dipping, subduction zone probably accompanied plate convergence, but recovered Franciscan eclogite and garnet blueschist blocks chiefly possess younger recrystallization ages of ~165–150 Ma. These Jurassic HP metamafic rocks were sequestered in a low-temperature environment well into Cretaceous time. Fragments of actinolitic rinds partially surround many such high-grade blocks. Only slightly younger than the HP metamorphism, these rinds reflect metasomatic exchange between metabasalt and serpentinized harzburgite along the dynamic oceanic crust-mantle hanging wall during storage of the mafic rocks at moderate depth. High-grade tectonic blocks later were brought toward the surface in circulating, low-density, sheared mud-matrix melange and/or in buoyant serpentinite bodies. Most exotic HP metamafic blocks occur in melanges of the Franciscan Central Belt, reflecting tectonic insertion within the subduction zone—not near-surface additions to the clastic section. However, rare, high-grade clasts in feebly recrystallized Franciscan conglomerates suggest erosion and sedimentary deposition for some HP blocks. The addition of dense metabasaltic olistoliths to the mid- and Upper Cretaceous section requires that these HP material were carried surfaceward first as tectonic fragments, perhaps immersed in low-density serpentinite or mud-matrix melange, then eroded and transported into the trench. HP rocks are conspicuously lacking in coeval Great Valley strata. Whatever the origin of particular high-grade rocks, widespread post-depositional shearing has largely obliterated their original natures, but all dense metamafic blocks of Jurassic recrystallization age must have been supplied to the Cretaceous Franciscan accretionary complex by entrainment in a low-density, circulating muddy matrix or serpentinite body. The vast majority of exotic HP blocks resides in Central Belt melanges, and appears to be tectonic rather than olistostromal in origin. [1]: pending:yes
Central Noradrenergic Innervation of Cerebral Microvessels: Implications for an Autonomic Nervous System within the Brain

There is now substantial evidence that neuronal circuits within the central nervous system directly influence various aspects of cerebral microvascular function. As research focuses on determining the exact anatomical site of this regulation (muscle layer, endothelial cells or even glial cells) and the precise mechanism of action (opening of tight junctions, pinocytosis, membrane permeability, etc.), it is important not to loose sight of the overall significance of this finding to general brain organization and function. That is, if central neurons are shown to functionally innervate non-neuronal elements then, by definition, this would constitute an autonomic nervous system within the brain.
Temporomandibular Joint Septic Arthritis and Mandibular Osteomyelitis Arising From an Odontogenic Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has been infrequently reported in the literature. Some investigators believe that this condition is under-reported because it is underdiagnosed. Misdiagnosis or late diagnosis of this condition can lead to serious morbidity, including fistula formation, intracranial abscess, fibrous or bony ankylosis, temporal bone or condylar osteomyelitis, growth alteration, and several others. This report describes a case of septic TMJ arthritis arising from direct spread of an odontogenic infection with subsequent development of mandibular osteomyelitis. The purpose of this case report is to 1) increase awareness of an underdiagnosed condition, 2) establish the seriousness of this infection, 3) for the first time report on a case of TMJ septic arthritis caused by Bacteroides infection, and 4) provide a review of the relevant literature.
MEASLES INFECTION AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE

A case-control analysis of Parkinson's disease and infections in childhood was conducted in a cohort of 50,002 men who attended Harvard College (Cambridge, MA) or the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) between 1916 and 1950 and who were followed in adulthood for morbidity and mortality data. Cases of Parkinson's disease were identified from responses to mailed questionnaires and death certificates through 1978. Four controls from the same population were selected for each case. A reduced risk of Parkinson's disease was associated with most childhood viral infections. The negative association was statistically significant for a history of measles prior to college entrance (exposure odds ratio = 0.53; 95% confidence limits: 0.31, 0.93). The reduced risk of Parkinson's disease among subjects with a positive history of measles in childhood may reflect an adverse effect of measles in adulthood or of subclinical or atypical measles. Furthermore, a negative history of measles, especially if associated with a lack of other common diseases, could be a marker for negative influenza history before 1918 and thus a higher risk of infection during the 1918 influenza epidemic, because of the lack of partial influenza immunity. These data may also suggest a truly protective effect of measles, compatible with some complex interaction between measles virus and the virus of the 1918 influenza epidemic.
Sleep Disturbance in Rheumatic Disease

Poor sleep quality and sleep disturbances are commonly reported by patients with arthritis and with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objectively measured sleep in patients with arthritis and SLE indicate that sleep architecture appears to be similar to healthy controls, but arousals and awakenings are frequent. Sleep disturbances in arthritis are associated with a variety of factors, including disease activity, pain, and depressive symptoms. These associations are complex and are likely bidirectional. Sleep disturbances can lead to increases in fatigue and contribute to functional disability. Pharmacological treatments for sleep such as benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics appear to provide short term improvements in sleep in patients with arthritis. Several nonpharmacological alternatives for improving sleep have been explored in patients with arthritis – aerobic and resistance exercise, yoga, biofeedback, and cognitive-behavioral treatment for insomnia (CBT-I). Available studies suggest that exercise and yoga may improve sleep disturbances and sleep quality and that biofeedback may be a beneficial adjunctive treatment to exercise. Recent investigations of the utility of CBT-I in patients with osteoarthritis found both short-term and long-term improvements in sleep quality. Brief behavioral treatment for insomnia (BBTI) may be a viable alternative to CBT-I for patient with activity limitations because it requires minimal in-person sessions.
A Fully Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme for Single-Item Stochastic Lot-Sizing Problems with Discrete Demand

The single-item stochastic lot-sizing problem is to find an inventory replenishment policy in the presence of a stochastic demand under periodic review and finite time horizon. The computational intractability of computing an optimal policy is widely believed and therefore approximation algorithms should be considered. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that develops a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for this problem. In other words, we design a tractable polynomial time algorithm that finds a policy that is arbitrarily close in the relative sense to the value of an optimal policy. In addition, we formally prove that finding an optimal policy is intractable in the standard sense.
The Negative Repetition Effect.

A fundamental property of human memory is that repetition enhances memory. Peterson and Mulligan (2012) recently documented a surprising negative repetition effect, in which participants who studied a list of cue-target pairs twice recalled fewer targets than a group who studied the pairs only once. Words within a pair rhymed, and across pairs, the target words were drawn from a small set of categories. In the repetition condition, the pairs were initially presented in a random order and then presented a 2nd time blocked by the category of the target words. In the single presentation condition, the pairs were presented only in the blocked order. Participants in the former condition recalled fewer target words on a free recall test despite having seen the word pairs twice (the negative repetition effect). This phenomenon is explored in a series of 5 experiments assessing 3 theoretical accounts of the effect. The experiments demonstrate that the negative repetition effect generalizes over multiple encoding conditions (reading and generative encoding), over different memory tests (free and cued recall), and over delay (5 min and 2 days). The results argue against a retrieval account and a levels-of-processing account but are consistent with the item-specific-relational account, the account upon which the effect was initially predicated.
Two-waveplate compensator for low-level birefringence measurements

Low-level birefringence measurements are of great interest in biology and in optical communications. Optical device performance can be affected by natural and induced birefringence. A new retardation measurement method that allows full-field retardation profiling is presented and compared with existing methods.
Employee Absenteeism: The Role of Ease of Movement

The article discusses research pertaining to the role of perceived ease of movement on employee absenteeism. Ease of movement refers to an individual's perception of the attractiveness and availabi...
Strong Convexity Does Not Imply Radial Unboundedness

We demonstrate that not all strongly convex functionals are radially unbounded. Moreover, the only exceptions must be unbounded below in every neighborhood; hence, such exceptions are interesting in optimization only in that they have no local minima. 1. INTRODUCTION. When learning about basic mathematical objects, students might be tempted to generalize results beyond their valid domain. For example, hav- ing learned that the product of continuous functions is continuous, a student might presume that the product of uniformly continuous functions is uniformly continuous. Such students may benefit from counterexamples, e.g., f (x) = x is uniformly contin- uous on (0, ∞) but f (x) f (x) = x 2 is not. Similar confusion can occur as students attempt to apply principles learned about finite-dimensional normed vector spaces to infinite-dimensional problems (such as optimizing over a space of functions or shapes). One likely mistake is failing to realize that the strong properties students learn about convex functionals on finite-dimensional spaces fail to hold in more general settings. In particular, convex functionals in finite dimensions are continuous on the interiors of their domains, and strongly convex functionals have unique minimizers on closed domains. These results are not valid in infinite dimensions, and one purpose of this note is to help students by providing memorable counterexamples. However, students should not neglect other consequences of convexity that do apply to infinite-dimensional settings. For example, we will show that continuous strongly convex functionals in finite- and infinite-dimensional spaces exhibit a less-discussed property called radial unboundedness. Radial unboundedness is valuable when prov- ing the existence of minima because the sublevel sets of radially unbounded function- als are bounded, and this property removes the bounded-domain requirement of some
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF PROPELLER SLIPSTREAM ON BOUNDARY LAYER BEHAVIOR AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER

An experimental program is reported whose objective is an improved understanding of the effect of the intermittent turbulence shed by a propeller on the aerodynamics of wings and heat exchanger installations at low Reynolds numbers. The primary application is unmanned high altitude atmospheric science aircraft. Wind tunnel results have so far indicated that the propeller wake results in a change in transition mechanism on an airfoil from a laminar separation bubble to a behavior more commonly associated with higher Reynolds numbers. Other aerodynamic characteristics appear to be weakly influenced. Detailed boundary layer measurements have been made and early results are summarized herein.
Experimental Investigation on Laminar Flame Speeds of Premixed CH_4/O_2/CO_2 Mixture

The laminar flame speeds of CH4/ O2/ CO2mixtures in atmospheric conditions were measured using Bunsen method. The whole surface area methodology based on the images of flame was performed to obtain the laminar flame speeds of the Bunsen burner. The effect factors on laminar flame velocities of CH4/ O2/ CO2mixtures were discussed,including equivalence ratios( 0. 8 ~1. 2),oxygen concentrations( 25% ~ 35%) and dilutions( N2,CO2). Results showed that the laminar flame speeds of the premixed oxy-methane mixture reached a maximum at the stoichiometric ratio of 1 while gradually lowered on either side. The laminar flame speeds increased with the increase of the O2concentration and there was a quadratic function relationship between the flame velocities and the concentration of the O2. Compared with N2,the high concentration of CO2decreased the flame speeds and the measured flame speeds using CO2as the oxidizer was about onefifth of that using N2 as the oxidizer.
What is ‘religious experience’ in Schleiermacher’s Dogmatics, and why does it matter?

Schleiermacher is often credited with elevating the notion of ‘religious experience’ to prominence in theology and the study of religion. But his position on religious experience is poorly understood, largely because he is typically read through the lens of his later appropriators. In this essay I make a set of claims about what ‘religious experience’ amounts to in Schleiermacher’s mature dogmatics, The Christian Faith (or Glaubenslehre ). What is noteworthy about Schleiermacher’s position is its calculated coherence with religious naturalism, understood as the position that religious phenomena have natural causes. I then argue that Schleiermacher’s understanding of religious experience is actually promising for contemporary discussions– partly because it allows for productive conversation with religious naturalists, and partly in virtue of the utility of Schleiermacher’s claim regarding the kind of religious experience at the heart of Christian religious identity.
An object-oriented simulator for the apiary

This paper describes a simulator for the proposed Apiary, an object-oriented, message passing parallel machine for artificial intelligence applications, using the actor model of computation. The simulator implements an interpreter for the lowest level "virtual machine language" of the Apiary, specifying computations in terms of creating objects and sending messages rather than loading and storing registers. The simulator is itself programmed in the object-oriented style advocated by the actor philosophy, allowing experimentation with alternative implementation mechanisms without disturbing the behavior of the simulation. Technical details in the paper assume some familiarity with object-oriented programming and the actor formalism.
Abstract 2894: Impact of honokiol on sialylation in breast cancer cells

Metastasis is a process in which malignant cells spread form the tumor of origin and colonize at distant organs. One of the diagnostic markers of metastatic progression is the overexpression of a transmembrane protein called Mucin 1 (MUC1). High levels of MUC1 have been found in tumor tissues, including breast cancer, and have been implicated in reduced survival rate. After translation of the protein, carbohydrate groups are attached to MUC1, a process called glycosylation. The resulting glycocalyx, which serves as a protective layer on epithelial surfaces, is involved in cell-cell interactions, signaling and metastasis. Glycosylation patterns differ on MUC1 in normal breast tissue in comparison with MUC1 in breast tumors. Not only do breast tumors have simpler and fewer carbohydrate chains than MUC1 from normal breast epithelial tissue, they also have increased levels of the carbohydrate derivative, sialic acid. Altered addition of sialic acid (sialylation) has been associated with cancer transformation and metastatic progression of the disease. The enzyme, α-2,3 sialyltransferase (ST3Gal I) which adds the α-2,3-linked sialic acids to MUC1 is increased in breast tumors and has been correlated with poor prognosis. Shortening of the carbohydrates units on MUC1 in breast tumors unmasks peptides that would otherwise be covered by the carbohydrates in normal MUC1, and current studies seek to identify antibodies that would directly target MUC1 on the cancer cells and in turn prevent cancer metastasis. Plant derived natural product honokiol is being studied for its anti-tumor activities. To assess the effect of honokiol on ST3Gal I, we treated breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with honokiol and analyzed its effect on ST3Gal I mRNA and protein expression using RT-PCR and Western Blotting, respectively. Honokiol suppressed ST3Gal I at the mRNA and protein level in both cancer cell lines. To investigate specifically whether honokiol reduces free sialic acid, we treated mammary carcinoma cells with honokiol and using the Sialic Acid Kit, we observed reduction in sialic acid in honokiol-treated mammary carcinoma cells. Future immunoprecipitation studies are underway to investigate specifically whether honokiol suppresses sialylation of MUC1. We propose that these studies will lead to the understanding on how sialylation of MUC1 alters the cellular signaling processes involved in the transformation of breast cancer and eventually to the spread of the disease. Citation Format: Padmamalini Thulasiraman, Galen Garriga. Impact of honokiol on sialylation in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2894.
Intravenous Fat Emulsion Formulations for the Adult and Pediatric Patient Understanding the Differences

Intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs) provide essential fatty acids (EFAs) and are a dense source of energy in parenteral nutrition (PN). Parenterally administered lipid was introduced in the 17th century but plagued with side effects. The formulation of IVFEs later on made it a relatively safe component for administration to patients. Many ingredients are common to all IVFEs, yet the oil source(s) and its (their) percentage(s) makes them different from each other. The oil used dictates how IVFEs are metabolized and cleared from the body. The fatty acids (FAs) present in each type of oil provide unique beneficial and detrimental properties. This review provides an overview of IVFEs and discusses factors that would help clinicians choose the optimal product for their patients.
Information-theoretic analysis of function computation on streams

We consider the problem of determining the memory required to compute functions of data streams. A streaming system with memory constraint has to observe a collection of sources X 1 ;X 2 ;…;X m sequentially, store synopses of the sources in memory, and compute a function of the sources based on the synopses. We are interested in the memory requirement, the number of bits of memory required to compute the function. In an earlier work, we established a correspondence between this problem and a functional source coding problem in cascade/line networks, and for the latter we derived inner and outer bounds on the rate region. In particular we showed that the outer bounds are achievable for all functions and a certain classes of distributions on the sources. In this paper we extend the class of distributions for which the outer bounds are achieved. By virtue of the correspondence between the two problems, this also characterizes the memory requirement for the associated streaming computation problem.
Women and Mentoring in Collegiate Athletics

The number of women working and participating in intercollegiate athletics has steadily increased the past four decades. This has led for a need to develop women as leaders within collegiate athletics and one way of doing this is through mentoring. Mentoring provides guidance in regard to both the professional development and psychosocial support. In our research, we investigated mentoring within the college athletics environment by interviewing female athletic directors and female graduate assistants. Four themes emerged from the interviews: (a) importance of mentorship; (b) quality of mentorship; (c) availability, and (d) lack of female mentorship. Our research builds on the idea that mentorship is important and valued by both the mentor and protege but the key is determining how to best connect the two groups. This would possibly lead to higher job satisfaction, higher employee retention, and more productive work environment.