cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental observations of flow modifications in nanofluid boiling utilizing particle image velocimetry

In order to understand the effects of nanofluids upon boiling, pool boiling experiments involving both pure water and water based nanofluids were investigated. Point temperature and full velocity field measurements were obtained during pool boiling conditions using state-of-the-art dynamic particle image velocimetry (DPIV). Specifically, results of nanofluid's effect upon nucleate boiling heat transfer are investigated, in an effort to find engineering solutions in critical applications such as nuclear energy. A change in the hydrodynamic behavior of bubbles was observed with the introduction of nanoparticles. The measured velocity fields exhibited different fluid behavior for the various cases investigated which in turn highlights the complexity of the fluid flow in the pool boiling experiment. The results show a relation between wall temperature and nanofluid concentration.
Phakic IOLs: Sulcus Versus Iris-Claw Versus Angle-Supported: Complications and Outcomes

Patient interest in refractive eye surgery is increasing, especially for correction of high levels of myopia and hyperopia. Outcomes of techniques that work well for correcting lower levels of error, such as excimer laser correction, fall short of patient expectations. These expectations have driven the development of new technology for correcting high refractive errors. A new technique, phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) insertion has proven to be safe and effective for treating high myopia and high hyperopia. In this article, the different types of pIOLs are discussed along with recently published results and complications of each design. Larger studies with long term follow up are needed.
Testing the theory of self-care management for sickle cell disease

Factors predicting health outcomes in persons with sickle cell disease (SCD) were investigated within the framework of the theory of self-care management for SCD, which proposes that vulnerability factors negatively affect health care outcomes and self-care management resources and positively mediate the relationship between vulnerability factors and health care outcomes. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to test the model with a sample of 232 African American adults with SCD. Results supported the negative effect of vulnerability factors on health outcomes. The overall model was supported, however, self-care management resources did not mediate the relationship between vulnerability and health care outcomes. The findings provide support for interventions to increase self-care management resources to improve health care outcomes.
Weighted Least Squares Estimation for Aalen's Additive Risk Model

Abstract Cox's proportional hazards model has so far been the most popular model for the regression analysis of censored survival data. However, the additive risk model of Aalen can provide a useful and biologically more plausible alternative. Aalen's model stipulates that the conditional hazard function for a subject, whose covariates are Y = (Y 1, …, Yp )', has the form h(t | Y) = Y' α(t), where α = (α 1, …, αp )' is an unknown vector of hazard functions. This article discusses inference for α based on a weighted least squares (WLS) estimator of the vector of cumulative hazard functions. The asymptotic distribution of the WLS estimator is derived and used to obtain confidence intervals and bands for the cumulative hazard functions. Both a grouped data and a continuous data version of the estimator are examined. An extensive simulation study is carried out. The method is applied to grouped data on the incidence of cancer mortality among Japanese atomic bomb survivors.
α-Synuclein from platelets is not phosphorylated at serine 129 in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy

Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are characterized pathologically by inclusions in the brain containing alpha-synuclein, which is phosphorylated at serine 129. alpha-Synuclein is present not only in the brain but also in platelets; platelets have previously been used to study mitochondrial function in PD. We undertook to determine whether alpha-synuclein extracted from platelets of patients with PD and MSA is phosphorylated at serine 129 and could be used as a peripheral marker of these disorders. Immunoblots indicated that platelet alpha-synuclein is not phosphorylated at serine 129 in PD and MSA.
A ROSAT upper limit on X-ray emission from SN 1992A

We have used the Position Sensitive Proportional Counter on ROSAT to search for X-ray emission from the Type Ia supernova 1992A in NGC 1380 about 16 days after the outburst maximum. No X-ray emission is present to a flux of about 4 x 10 exp -14 ergs/s cm, which corresponds to a 0.5-2 keV luminosity 99 percent upper limit of about 3-5 x 10 exp 38 ergs/s. This implies a presupernova mass-loss rate of less than a few x 10 exp -6 solar mass/yr. This is the most sensitive upper limit, by several orders of magnitude, yet obtained for a Type Ia supernova.
Stability Results for the First Eigenvalue of the Laplacian on Domains in Space Forms

Abstract We studied the two known works on stability for isoperimetric inequalities of the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian. The earliest work is due to A. Melas who proved the stability of the Faber–Krahn inequality: for a convex domain Ω contained in R n with λ close to λ, the first eigenvalue of the ball B of the same volume, the domain must be close to the ball B with respect to the Hausdorff distance. Later, Y. Xu studied the stability of the Szego–Weinberger inequality for convex domains in R n and H n where H n denotes hyperbolic space. Our work consists of extending A. Melas' result to the spaces of constant curvature S 2 and H 2 and Y. Xu's result to domains contained in the polar cap Bπ/4 in S n.
Comparing Research Productivity Across Disciplines and Career Stages

Abstract In academia, productivity continues to be a major factor in decisions of salary raises as well as promotion. The current study thus examines and compares the research productivity of faculty members across disciplines and career stages. The research tests three life course theories (cumulative advantage, utility maximization theory and obsolescence theory) with data from eight disciplines (biology, computer sciences, mathematics/statistics, physical sciences, psychology, social sciences, engineering, and health fields). The data for this study are taken from the 2003 Survey of Doctorate Recipients. Unlike past studies, which solely use journal articles as a measure of research productivity, this study also takes into consideration publications in books and monographs. The study found that the majority of the research output (articles and books) produced in Health and Physical Sciences disciplines is by early and mid career faculty members, providing support for the obsolescence theory, which sugg...
Bilirubin binding in the plasma of newborns: critical evaluation of a fluorescence quenching method and comparison to the peroxidase method.

Bilirubin Binding in the Plasma of Newborns: Critical Evaluation of a Fluorescence Quenching Method and Comparison to the Peroxidase Method
Controlling unwanted communications to the home

Abstract A greater volume of communications into the home increases concerns about offensive messages and unwanted solicitations. The author presents legal, regulatory and technical approaches to giving individuals more control over the communications they receive through the mails, over the telephone network, via broadcast television, and from cable TV. Technical means for allowing greater subscriber control are available, but they generally receive low priority in system design. Although receivers' rights to avoid unwanted communications may conflict with senders' rights to free speech, the author favours placing more choice and responsibility on the recipient.
Superconducting-normal phase boundary of quasicrystalline arrays in a magnetic field

We study the effect of frustration, induced by a mangnetic field, on the superconducting diamagnetic properties of two-dimensional quasicrystalline arrays. In particular, we calculate the superconducting-normal phase boundary, T/sub c/(H), for several geometries with quasicrystalline order. The agreement between our theoretically obtained phase boundaries and the experimentally obtained ones is very good. We also propose a new way of analytically analyzing the overall and the fine structure of T/sub c/(H) in terms of short- and long-range correlations among tiles.
The SNM practice guideline on hepatobiliary scintigraphy.

![Figure][1] As chair of the task force for the SNM Practice Guideline for Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy 4.0 ([1][2]), it was my privilege to collaborate with a dedicated group of professionals who worked tirelessly on this update. Those individuals include Brian W. Ciak (Bracco Diagnostics, Inc
Diversity of micro-fungi in an Antarctic dry valley

The fungal microflora of a dry valley in Southern Victoria Land near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, was investigated. Samples were collected from introduced objects such as a mummified penguin and spent chewing tobacco in addition to the sparse soil found in rock fissures, isolated moss colonies, shoreline deposit materials, CaCO3 precipitates, and microbial mat debris obtained from the frozen surface of the lake in the basin of Taylor Valley. Using conventional media and techniques, all collection sites yielded populations of yeasts and filamentous fungi. Water samples and live microbial mats from beneath the lake ice yielded species of fungi along with an abundance of bacteria.
Electro-oxidation of l-ascorbic acid on platinum in acid solutions: an in-situ FTIRRAS study

Abstract Studies of in-situ Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (FTIRRAS) showed that l -ascorbic acid (AA) undergoes a spontaneous dissociative or destructive adsorption at a Pt electrode in acid solutions at the hydrogen adsorption-desorption region with linearly bonded carbon monoxide (CO) L as the adsorbate. This dissociative adsorption process most likely takes place via an interaction between the side-chain of AA and the Pt surface. The overall electro-oxidation of AA at Pt in acid solutions may involve a contribution from its ethylene glycol (EG)-like side-chain portion as well as its lactone ring portion. This process may consist of three major stages: (1) dissociative adsorption via the EG-like side-chain to form (CO) L on Pt at the hydrogen adsorption-desorption region; (2) direct oxidation via the lactone ring to form dehydro- l -ascorbic acid (DHA) and its hydrated derivatives in the potential region from the onset of oxidation to the current peak; (3) the EG-like side-chain and (CO) L undergo further oxidation to form CO 2 as the final product when the potential is driven to a more positive region. This study indicates that AA undergoes a spontaneous dissociative adsorption at the Pt electrode in acid solution prior to its direct oxidation. This dissociative adsorption probably takes place via an interaction between the side-chain of the AA molecule and the Pt surface, with (CO) L as the adsorbate. The overall electro-oxidation of AA at Pt in acid solutions may consist of three major stages: (1) dissociative adsorption; (2) direct oxidation via the lactone ring to form DHA and its hydrated derivatives in the potential-region from the onset of oxidation to the current peak; (3) further oxidation via side-chain and (CO) L to form CO 2 as the final product when the potential is driven to a more positive region.
Macroglobulin structure: homology of mu and gamma heavy chains of human immunoglobulins.

The amino acid sequence of fragments obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage of the mu-chain of a human γM-globulin is homologous to the NH 2 -terminal sequences of the gamma-chain of human and rabbit γG-globulins and is related to that of human light chains. This supports the hypothesis that light and heavy chains evolved from a common ancestral gene.
Waveform Segmentation Through Functional Approximation

Waveform segmentation is treated as a problem of piecewise linear uniform (minmax) approximation. Various algorithms are reviewed and a new one is proposed based on discrete optimization. Examples of its applications are shown on terrain profiles, scanning electron microscope data, and electrocardiograms. The processing is sufficiently fast to allow its use on-line. The results of the segmentation can be used for pattern recognition, data compression, and nonlinear filtering not only for waveforms but also for pictures and maps. In the latter case some additional preprocessing is required and it is described in [19].
Detecting bias with confidence in observational studies

SUMMARY In an observational study, detecting hidden bias involves checking that treatment effects appear where they should, and not elsewhere. For instance, treated and control groups are often compared with respect to outcomes the treatment should not affect. This paper uses such a test for bias to obtain a confidence set for an unobserved covariate. The impact of this unobserved covariate is indicated by a sensitivity analysis with the covariate confined to the confidence set. In this way, a test for bias may indicate either the presence and magnitude of a hidden bias or else a reduction in the sensitivity to bias.
Apparent Nitrogen Recovery from Fall-Applied Ammoniated Phosphates and Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizers

Phosphorus fertilizer is frequently fall-applied for corn (Zea mays L.). Diammonium-(DAP) or monoammonium-phosphates (MAP) are the preferred P fertilizers and the N in MAP and DAP is assumed to be available for corn. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of application time on availability of ammoniated-phosphate N to the crop in two different environments. In a laboratory study, MAP and DAP at rates of 70 and 140 mg N kg -1 soil were incubated at either 80 or 120% field capacity (FC). Nitrification proceeded rapidly in all treatments, but nitrate levels fell to near zero by 8 wk at 120% FC while remaining above 50% after 16 wk at 80% FC. In a 3-yr study at Waseca, MN and Urbana, IL with a factorial combination of three N sources [DAP, MAP, ammonium-sulfate (AMS)], two application times (fall, spring), and two N rates (45, 90 kg N ha -1 ), N rate and application time, but not N source, affected grain yield and inorganic soil-N concentrations. Yields were 0.71 and 0.37 Mg ha -1 greater for spring than fall applications at Urbana and Waseca, respectively. Late May soil-N recovery ranged from 31 to 35 and 90 to 100% for fall and spring applications, respectively. It thus appears that only about one-third of N applied in the fall as ammoniated phosphates at typical rates is available to the next year's corn crop in Corn Belt mollisols. Colder, drier fall to spring conditions may increase this proportion, while warmer, wetter conditions would be expected to lower availability.
Laminar flow performance of a heated body in particle-laden water

The effects of small uniformly sized spherical particles seeded into the freestream flow of a water tunnel on the delayed transition of a heated laminar flow control body is examined experimentally. In separate trials, four different mean diameter particle seedings were added to the flow and the approach flow velocity was cycled from subcritical to supercritical conditions at three different body heating conditions. The transition Reynolds number based on the body arc length and the approach flow velocity decreases monotonically with increasing d/δ*, where d is the particle diameter and δ* is the displacement thickness at a critical location. The location of initial turbulent spot formation defines the critical location, and, within the range of experimental conditions reported here, is independent of particle size, heating condition and the approach velocity. For the high unit Reynolds numbers considered (Reu⩽ 1.88 × 107 per metre), there is no observed critical particle diameterbased Reynolds number threshold; all sizes of particles considered in the experiments (d = 37 to 218 μm) have some effect on transition. In a second set of experiments, particles were injected into the laminar boundary layer from a small orifice located at the forward stagnation point. These injected particles have no observable effect on the laminar layer or transition, which suggests that the injected particles fail to produce wakes or vorticity within the laminar layer that may lead to turbulent spot production.
Stoichiometry of aminoacyl-transfer RNA binding and GTP cleavage during chain elongation and translocation.

One GTP molecule is cleaved for each aminoacyl-transfer RNA molecule bound to the ribosome during peptide chain elongation. Cleavage of further GTP is needed for translocation.
A genetic basis for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm antibiotic resistance

Biofilms are surface-attached microbial communities with characteristic architecture and phenotypic and biochemical properties distinct from their free-swimming, planktonic counterparts. One of the best-known of these biofilm-specific properties is the development of antibiotic resistance that can be up to 1,000-fold greater than planktonic cells. We report a genetic determinant of this high-level resistance in the Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We have identified a mutant of P. aeruginosa that, while still capable of forming biofilms with the characteristic P. aeruginosa architecture, does not develop high-level biofilm-specific resistance to three different classes of antibiotics. The locus identified in our screen, ndvB, is required for the synthesis of periplasmic glucans. Our discovery that these periplasmic glucans interact physically with tobramycin suggests that these glucose polymers may prevent antibiotics from reaching their sites of action by sequestering these antimicrobial agents in the periplasm. Our results indicate that biofilms themselves are not simply a diffusion barrier to these antibiotics, but rather that bacteria within these microbial communities employ distinct mechanisms to resist the action of antimicrobial agents.
Forecasting capital funding necessary to meet hospital equipment replacement requirements

Abstract This paper describes the result of a research effort at Iowa State University to design and implement a microcomputer based forecasting system. The purpose of the system is to provide hospital management with a tool to forecast future expenditures required to replace capital equipment within the hospital. Existing procedures are discussed, followed by a detailed discussion of the proposed methodology. The major change from existing techniques is the use of Iowa type dispersions within the model. A comparison is then made between existing techniques and the proposed methodology. Results indicate a definite difference between the forecasts of the opposing techniques. Finally,the actual implementation on a microcomputer is discussed.
Liking and similarity as predictors of multi‐source ratings

This study explored the ability of liking and two forms of rater‐ratee similarity to predict multi‐source proficiency ratings of managerial competencies. Findings from the regression model that included all raters indicated that technical proficiency, rater‐ratee liking, demographic and attitudinal similarity about work all were significant predictors of proficiency ratings. For these ratings, attitudinal similarity was the strongest predictor of ratings after technical proficiency. Liking, attitudinal and demographic similarity combined increased explained variance by about one‐third over technical proficiency. Regression models, run for each rating source separately, suggested that supervisors, subordinates and peers may weigh performance and interpersonal elements differently, when making performance ratings.
Inversion Twin Boundaries in Zinc Oxide

The crystallography and atomic structure of inversion twin boundaries were studied in polycrystalline ZnO using conventional transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy. Inversion twin boundaries. In order to determine the atomic structure of the inversion twin boundary, high-resolution transmission electron images were compared with simulated images. The atomic structure of the inversion boundary was determined to have a head-to-head configuration and its stacking sequence is AαBβAα-ATCαA, where A, B, and C are Zn atomic planes and α, β, and T are O planes. A slight contraction of the planes in the boundary region is detected.
The way stylized language means: Pattern matching in the child ballads

This paper suggests ways in which the pattern-matching capability of the computer can be used to further our understanding of stylized ballad language. The study is based upon a computer-aided analysis of the entire 595,000- word corpus of Francis James Child'sThe English and Scottish Popular Ballads (1882–1892), a collection of 305 textual traditions, most of which are represented by a variety of texts. The paper focuses on the “Mary Hamilton” tradition as a means of discussing the function of phatic language in the ballad genre and the significance of textual variation.
Assessing Environmental DNA Detection in Controlled Lentic Systems

Little consideration has been given to environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling strategies for rare species. The certainty of species detection relies on understanding false positive and false negative error rates. We used artificial ponds together with logistic regression models to assess the detection of African jewelfish eDNA at varying fish densities (0, 0.32, 1.75, and 5.25 fish/m3). Our objectives were to determine the most effective water stratum for eDNA detection, estimate true and false positive eDNA detection rates, and assess the number of water samples necessary to minimize the risk of false negatives. There were 28 eDNA detections in 324, 1-L, water samples collected from four experimental ponds. The best-approximating model indicated that the per-L-sample probability of eDNA detection was 4.86 times more likely for every 2.53 fish/m3 (1 SD) increase in fish density and 1.67 times less likely for every 1.02 C (1 SD) increase in water temperature. The best section of the water column to detect eDNA was the surface and to a lesser extent the bottom. Although no false positives were detected, the estimated likely number of false positives in samples from ponds that contained fish averaged 3.62. At high densities of African jewelfish, 3–5 L of water provided a >95% probability for the presence/absence of its eDNA. Conversely, at moderate and low densities, the number of water samples necessary to achieve a >95% probability of eDNA detection approximated 42–73 and >100 L, respectively. Potential biases associated with incomplete detection of eDNA could be alleviated via formal estimation of eDNA detection probabilities under an occupancy modeling framework; alternatively, the filtration of hundreds of liters of water may be required to achieve a high (e.g., 95%) level of certainty that African jewelfish eDNA will be detected at low densities (i.e., <0.32 fish/m3 or 1.75 g/m3).
Band narrowing in semiclassical nonadiabatic electron transfer

The two-state evolution of an electron which is coupled to a narrow band of optical phonons is considered in the nonadiabatic regime, where the interaction matrix element V is much smaller than the vibrational energy hω. A separation of coordinates is achieved when the vibrational motion is described in terms of action-angle variables which allows for a consistent analytic treatment of the dynamics in the semiclassical limit. When V is much larger than the vibrational bandwidth it is found that the electron evolution is governed by a reduced matrix element V= VJ 0 (4g√J/∞) which is modulated by the Bessel function J 0 , having an argument which depends on the electron-phonon coupling strength g and the vibrational action J, which is an adiabatic invariant. When V is much smaller than the vibrational bandwidth, the usual Huang-Rhys band narrowing factor is recovered.
Determination of the Main Parameters of Alkali Silica Reaction Using System Identification Method

Although concrete is widely considered a very durable material, if conditions are such, it can be vulnerable to deterioration and early distress development. Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a major durability problem in concrete structures. The product of this reaction is a gel that is hygroscopic in nature. When the gel absorbs moisture, it swells leading to tensile stresses in concrete. When those stresses coming from the gel swelling exceed the tensile strength of concrete, cracks occur. This paper is part of a broader research study to assist engineers to effectively mitigate ASR in concrete, leading to an increase in the life span of concrete structures. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive study on different types of aggregates of different reactivity was conducted to formulate a robust approach that takes into account the factors affecting ASR, such as temperature, moisture, calcium concentration, and alkalinity. A kinetic model was proposed to determine aggregate ASR characteristics which we...
Thermodynamic behavior of non-strange baryonic matter

Abstract Within the framework of relativistic mean-field theory we examine effects of the non-strange baryonic resonances on the nuclear equation of state. We assume universal coupling constants to a scalar and vector meson field. Two transcendental equations have to be solved for two unknown parameters, the baryon scalar density and the nucleon chemical potential. We solve the equations numerically using a Newton-Raphson method for two cases: all known non-strange baryon resonances included and, finally, the low-mass baryon resonances and an exponentially growing continuum. We compare our result with those from relativistic ideal gas calculations and also discuss the possibility of forming metastable states, which would provide a stabilizing mechanism for nuclear fireballs.
Impact of Collaborative Care Management of Depression Among Patients With Cancer

TO THE EDITOR: It was with great interest that we read the article by Ell et al regarding the role of collaborative care management of depression among predominately female patients with nonadvanced cancer. We congratulate the authors for their first large-scale trial of collaborative care, with intervention protocols specifically designed for minority patients with low income and nonadvanced cancer. However, we were struck by a few unacknowledged limitations. First, the high number of patients lost to follow-up (214 patients [45%] after 12 months) raises questions about the validity of the findings. We were surprised not to find any attempt to account for the fact that patients receiving intervention were more likely than patients of the control group to be foreign born; cultural differences may have rendered them more receptive to intervention, resulting in an overestimation of the benefits of intervention. Furthermore, there was no mention of the proportion of foreign-born patients who were lost to follow-up in the intervention group compared with that in the control group. The authors reported that the percentage of patients at 12-month follow-up with 50% reduction in Patient Health Questionnaire–9 score was 63% in the intervention group and 50% in the control group, with a significant odds ratio of 1.98 (95% CI, 1.16 to 3.38; P .01). However, the 50% reduction in Patient Health Questionnaire–9 score at 12-month follow-up, when adjusted for certain patient demographics (adjusted mean score, 0.74 [95% CI, 1.74 to 0.27; P .15]), did not reflect significant results. This was contrary to the authors’ inference that the adaptation of the collaborative care model results in significant reduction in depressive symptoms in patients with nonadvanced cancer. Finally, no information on patients with cancer that went into remission was provided. Patients who attained remission would have been less likely to be depressed and consequently more likely to have relatively better quality-of-life outcomes, as compared with their counterparts.
The Impact of Housing Stressors on the Mental Health of a Low-Income African-American Population

Health and disease reflect broad social conditions including economic, environmental, and cultural components. The impact of challenging housing conditions experienced by low-income African American households on their mental health is an example of this principle. Do physical housing conditions, the presence of roaches and rodents, plumbing defects, and heating/cooling problems contribute to mental health dysfunction such as being depressed, feeling worried, feeling sad, feeling helpless, and feeling emotionally upset? To address this research question, a sample of 128 households that originally lived in public housing in Washington, D.C. were surveyed. These households had been relocated to other low-income housing during the demolition and reconstruction phase of a HOPE VI project, some to alternative public housing developments and others to private units based on vouchers. The survey included self-reports by heads of household on their housing conditions and mental health status using Likert scales. The survey also asked participants for demographic, socio-economic, and physical health data and for information on neighborhood characteristics. Correlation and regression analyses were used to estimate the impact of building structure, building systems, neighborhood characteristics, physical health, and socio-economic/demographic variables on mental health stresses. Specific housing issues included the number of bedrooms, plumbing, heating, cooling, rodents, roaches, and building security (the independent variables). Mental health stresses (the dependent variables) included feeling depressed, nervous, anxious, sad, helpless, and having trouble concentrating. Several alternative specifications and models were used and estimated. They generally demonstrated strong overall explanatory value. The findings from these models suggested that challenging housing conditions significantly contributed to many mental health disorders. For example, in the 2SLS model of “problem being depressed”, the condition of the apartment (β = 0.278, t = 2.022) and plumbing (β = 0.182, t = 2.145) were significant and the model’s explanatory power was reasonable with an adjusted R2 = 0.221. Many non-housing control variables were also significantly associated with mental health challenges.
Attenuation of S-T Segment elevation during repetitive coronary occlusions truly reflects the protection of Ischemic preconditioning and is not an epiphenomenon

Attenuation of S-T segment elevation between the first and subsequent balloon inflations of a coronary angioplasty procedure has been assumed to indicate a transition to a preconditioned state, but there has been no validation of this assumption. Open-chest rabbits were instrumented with a coronary snare and epicardial electrode. The coronary artery was occluded twice for 5 min with each occlusion followed by 10 min of reflow before a final 30 min occlusion. The evolving S-T elevation was quantitated as the voltage-time integral. For the first coronary occlusion total S-T segment elevation averaged 40.8±5.4 mV·min, significantly antly greater than 26.2±4.6 mV·min for the second occlusion (p<0.001). There was no further change during the initial 5 min of the third occlusion (24.5±4.5 mV·min). When the protection of ischemic preconditioning was blocked by intravenous infusion of 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline, an adenosine receptor antagonist, attenuation of S-T segment elevation was no longer apparent. When preconditioning was pharmacologically triggered by tyramine rather than ischemia, there also was no alteration in S-T segment elevation among the 3 occlusions. Therefore, S-T elevation was diminished during the second episode of ischemia only when a transition occurred from non-preconditioned to preconditioned state between occlusions. An attenuated S-T segment is a valid marker for the presence of the preconditioned state.
Low Profile, Miniaturized, Inductively Coupled Capacitively Loaded Monopole Antenna

A novel high-gain low-profile miniaturized antenna with omnidirectional vertically polarized radiation, similar to a short dipole is presented. The proposed design focus is on increasing the gain and improving the polarization purity of the radiated field in the horizontal plane. The gain and polarization improvement are achieved by isolating the feed structure from a miniaturized resonant radiating structure composed of an in-plane capacitor and a structurally embedded transformer. The antenna topology is developed, based on circuit model and through full-wave simulations the equivalence is established. The equivalent circuit model assists in the initial design, and then minor modifications are required to achieve the desired frequency of operation. The initial topology of the proposed antenna, the so-called Inductively Coupled Capacitively Loaded Monopole Antenna (ICCLMA), consists of two metal layers, a feeding pin and a shorting pin. The performance of the proposed antenna is compared to that of an ordinary inverted F antenna and a more recent low profile vertically polarized antenna (LMMMA) . It is shown that the gain of ICCLMA is 9 dB and 4 dB higher than that of the conventional inverted-F antenna and the LMMMA, respectively. To simplify the fabrication process a modified single-layer ICCLMA topology is presented and optimized. Finally, a design procedure to further reduce the lateral dimension of ICCLMA is presented. A procedure for accurate measurement of antennas with small ground planes is also presented.
Effect of tyramine and guanethidine on dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and norepinephrine concentrations in vesicular fraction of the heart and plasma of rats.

Abstract Repeated administration of high doses of tyramine to rats results in a striking increase in plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and a marked depletion in tissue content of NE. The drug also may produces a moderate increase in plasma levels of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) and a decrease in DBH in synaptic vesicles of sympathetic nerves in the heart. The latter effects are prevented by a ganglionic blocking agent, indicating that they may be mediated by neuronal activation secondary to the stress attending the drug administration. Chronic administration of guanethidine, which is reported to destroy most sympathetic nerves produces more marked decrease in plasma NE levels and plasma DBH activity. The possible sources of this activity are discussed.
The Impact of Mass Incarceration on the Lives of African American Women

This paper examines the consequences of mass incarceration on various aspects of the lives of African-American women. In particular, it seeks to determine how the historically high growth rate in the prison population over the past 30 years has affected employment outcomes, family relationships, and the physical and mental health of Black women who have been incarcerated.
Optical phase conjugation and nonlinear optical bandpass filter characteristics in CdSSe microcrystallite-doped glass

Experimental measurements of the backward CW four-wave mixing response in semiconductor-doped glass in a regime important to applications are described. In particular, it is shown that lowering the operating temperature to 125 K yields a chi /sup 3/ approximately=2*10/sup -4/ ESU. Aberration correction through optical phase conjugation is demonstrated with a phase conjugate reflectivity of 0.3% along with a wide-angle field-of-view response. In addition, the nearly-degenerate four-wave mixing response of importance to tunable bandpass optical filters is reported. >
On production behavior of enhanced geothermal systems with CO2 as working fluid

Numerical simulation is used to evaluate mass flow and heatextraction rates from enhanced geothermal injection-production systemsthat are operated using either CO2 or water as heat transmission fluid.For a model system patterned after the European hot dry rock experimentat Soultz, we find significantly greater heat extraction rates for CO2 ascompared to water. The strong dependence of CO2 mobility (=density/viscosity) upon temperature and pressure may lead to unusualproduction behavior, where heat extraction rates can actually increasefor a time, even as the reservoir is subject to thermal depletion. Wepresent the first-ever three-dimensional simulations of CO2injection-production systems. These show strong effects of gravity onmass flow and heat extraction, due to the large contrast of CO2 densitybetween cold injection and hot production conditions. The tendency forpreferential flow of cold, dense CO2 along the reservoir bottom can leadto premature thermal breakthrough. The problem can be avoided byproducing from only a limited depth interval at the top of thereservoir.
Effects of REM deprivation and an NMDA agonist on the extinction of conditioned fear

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) has been implicated in a number of learning and memory tasks. Previous research has demonstrated that REM deprivation impairs the development of extinction of conditioned fear responses. However, the neurobiological mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. The present study investigated the effects of systemic administration of d-cycloserine (DCS), an NMDA agonist, on the extinction of a conditioned fear response following 6 h of REM deprivation. In experiment 1, rats were administered DCS between fear training and REM deprivation. In experiment 2, rats were administered DCS prior to extinction training. The results of experiment 1 indicated that both DCS alone and REM deprivation alone impaired extinction learning. Administration of DCS to REM deprived animals partially, but not completely, reversed the deficit in extinction. The results of experiment 2 indicated that regardless of prior REM deprivation history, DCS facilitated extinction learning. The results provide further evidence for a role of REM in the extinction of cued fear learning and indicate that this effect appears to be partially mediated by NMDA-dependent mechanisms.
Simulation of the optical spectra of disordered Frenkel excitonic systems by equation-of-motion techniques: Results for one dimension

Abstract The results of numerical simulations of the optical spectra of disordered, one-dimensional Frenkel excitonic systems are presented. Equation-of-motion techniques are used to calculate lineshape functions for arrays of 2000 centers. Two modles are studied in detail: a chain diluted by a random distribution of optically inactive impurities and an array with a Gaussian distribution of single-site transition frequencies. In the case of the diluted system, a comparison is made with exact results.
Indiana pouch urinary diversion for adenocarcinoma developing after ureterosigmoidostomy.

Adenocarcinoma is a long-term complication of ureterosigmoidostomy and ileal conduit is the most widely used diversion after sigmoid resection. To our knowledge, we present the first documented conversion of ureterosigmoidostomy to an Indiana pouch after sigmoidectomy for cancer. CASE REPORT A 50-year-old white male was found on routine examination to have hemocult-positive stools. He had undergone ureterosigmoidostomy for bladder exstrophy at age 2 years. During colonoscopy 2 polyps in the sigmoid colon at the distal ureteral anastomotic suture line (fig. 1) were removed and invasive adenocarcinoma was diagnosed. An excretory urogram (IVP) demonstrated no hydronephrosis or renal scarring preoperatively (fig. 2). Renal and hepatic function was normal. Computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed no metastatic disease. After reviewing the various urinary diversion options the patient underwent low anterior distal ureterosigmoid resection (10 cm.) with primary anastomosis and an Indiana pouch urinary diversion. Intraoperative findings included minimal ureteral dilatation with no evidence of metastatic disease. Pathological study revealed no residual malignant disease or ureteral dysplasia. The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 6 after an uncomplicated hospital course. Followup clinic visits revealed good pouch continence
Optimal capacitor placements in distribution systems. I. A new formulation and the overall problem

A novel formulation of the general capacitor placement problem taking into consideration practical aspects of capacitors, the load constraints, and the operational constraints at different load levels is presented. This formulation is a combinatorial optimization problem with a nondifferentiable objective function. A solution methodology based on an optimization technique (simulated annealing) is proposed to determine the locations where capacitors are to be installed, the types and sizes of capacitors to be installed, and the control settings of these capacitors at different load levels. The solution methodology can offer the global optimal solution for the general capacitor placement problem. >
Comparison of Five Chromogenic Media for Recovery of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci from Fecal Samples

ABSTRACT Five chromogenic agars, evaluated using 400 stool specimens, were found to be superior in sensitivity (range, 89.9 to 93.9%) to bile esculin azide agar with vancomycin (BEAV) agar (84.8%) for detecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and the results were available 24 to 48 h sooner. The time to detection, need for supplemental testing, color distinction, and breakthrough of non-VRE organisms vary among the chromogenic media tested and may factor into the decision to use a particular medium.
Curriculum integration at Arizona State University

The freshman and sophomore integrated curricula developed at Arizona State University under the auspices of the NSF-funded Foundation Coalition are briefly described. The freshman program is currently in a second generation pilot while the sophomore program is in a first generation pilot. Problems encountered in designing and implementing such curricula are discussed as are possible solutions where they have been found.
Physiology and growth of wheat across a subambient carbon dioxide gradient

Abstract Two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 'Yaqui 54' and 'Seri M82', were grown along a gradient of daytime carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) from near 350-200 μmol CO2 mol-1 air in a 38 m long controlled environment chamber. Carbon dioxide fluxes and evapotranspiration were measured for stands (plants and soil) in five consecutive 7·6-m lengths of the chamber to determined potential effects of the glacial/interglacial increase in atmospheric [CO2] on C3 plants. Growth rates and leaf areas of individual plants and net assimilation per unit leaf area and daily (24-h) net CO2 accumulation of wheat stands rose with increasing [CO2]. Daytime net assimilation (PD, mmol CO2 m-2 soil surface area) and water use efficiency of wheat stands increased and the daily total of photosynthetic photon flux density required by stands for positive CO2 accumulation (light compensation point) declined at higher [CO2]. Nighttime respiration (RN, mmol CO2 m-2 soil surface) of wheat, measured at 369-397 μmol mol-1 CO2, apparently was not altered by growth at different daytime [CO2], but RN /PD of stands declined linearly as daytime [CO2] and PD increased. The responses of wheat to [CO2], if representative of other C3 species, suggest that the 75-100% increase in [CO2] since glaciation and the 30% increase since 1800 reduced the minimum light and water requirements for growth and increased the productivity of C3 plants.
The Art and Science of Tapering Glucocorticoids in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases

To the Editor: We compliment Volkmann and colleagues for their excellent recent editorial1. The authors addressed an important aspect of rheumatologic care, practice, and scholarship. We too have been interested in this topic2,3. We carried out a systematic search3,4 of the US National Library of … Address correspondence to Dr. R.S. Panush, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at USC, IRD 427, 2010 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. E-mail: panush{at}usc.edu
Adult Renal Cystic Disease: A Genetic, Biological, and Developmental Primer

Recent advances in knowledge about the genetics, pathophysiology, and molecular biology of renal cystic diseases in adults are reviewed, and the implications of specific imaging findings for the diagnosis and management of these diseases are explored.
A THEORY OF DYNAMIC GROUP BEHAVIOR

Recent work has resulted in a renewed emphasis on the role of men and their individual behavior in the operation of social phenomena. This behavioral conception of man has been incorporated into an explicit person-model by the author. The framework for the model is that of general systems theory and the concepts employed in the model are those of Homans. Further, a model of “social context” has been developed in which several person-models interact with each other as well as with the external environment. This interaction may be characterized by two properties; namely, stability and controllability. Conditions on the “psychological” structure of each of the person-models in the group have been derived such that the group exhibits stable behavior.
Pacemaker Wenckebach secondary to variable latency: an unusual form of hyperkalemic pacemaker exit block.

Our present study indicates that sinus or paranodal and not ventricular tachycardia was inducible, presumably facilitated by intrinsic cellular derangements, which in this child were most expressed in the sinus region. The fact that ventricular tachycardia was not inducible at EP study suggests that the mechanism is an automatic focus (or foci) in the ventricle(s). Sinus entrance block as well as the inconsistent rate response to decremental atria1 pacing make a definite distinction between triggered and reentrant sinus tachycardia difficult. Although seemingly paradoxical, stabilization of the bidirectional tachycardia to a bigeminal rhythm following metaproterenol administration indicates a potential treatment regimen that incorporates improvement both of the muscle paralysis and ventricular dysrhythmias associated with this disorder.
The New ASERVIC Competencies for Addressing Spiritual and Religious Issues in Counseling

In 2009, leaders in the Association for Spiritual, Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC) developed new competencies for addressing spiritual and religious issues In counseling. This article briefly addresses the need for new ASERVIC competencies. provides an overview of the process whereby the new competencies emerged, and concludes with a listing of the new ASERVIC-endorsed competencies,
Enhancing Primary Services for Youth through an Infrastructure of Social Services

This article considers how the strengths of primary social services can be integrated more purposefully into a cohesive, community-based infrastructure of youth andfamily services. The term primary services refers to the wide range of programs and activities that are embedded within the familiar social world of children and their families, and addresses broad developmental outcomes rather than specialized problems. The article first highlights five features of practice and participation that research indicates may distinguish primary social services as a sector and suggests some implications of those features for youth development. The features discussed include a youth development outlook, voluntariness, intentionality, flexibility, and connectedness. It then considers how the benefits of primary services could be amplified by integrating them into a comprehensive, community-based infrastructure of social services. A particular model of infrastructure is reviewed, which poses the primary service sector a...