cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Chromosome Translocations in Cancer

Chromosome translocations have long been known to be causative events in cancer. First observed as recurrent translocations in lymphomas and leukaemias, translocations are also found in solid tumours. One of the key hallmarks of cancer is genome instability, and chromosome translocations represent a critical form of genome instability that reflects mis-repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs are repaired by two main pathways, non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination, and chromosome translocations can be created by both of these pathways. Many translocations associated with specific cancers are recurrent, reflecting selective pressure for inactivated tumour suppressor genes or activated oncogenes, which are early drivers of cancer phenotypes. Cancer therapeutics, including DNA reactive chemicals, topoisomerase inhibitors and radiation, are effective cancer treatments, but they can induce translocation-mediated secondary malignancies at significant frequencies. Reducing the risk of these sequelae is an important goal in cancer research. Key Concepts Chromosome translocations are critical genomic rearrangements that are frequently found in lymphoid and solid tumours and other diseases. Translocations arise when DNA double-strand breaks arise simultaneously on two separate chromosomes and are mis-rejoined. Translocations observed in cancer may inactivate tumour suppressor genes or activate oncogenes by gene fusion or juxtaposition of a strong promoter with a proto-oncogene. Translocations are formed primarily through alternative non-homologous end joining, but other double-strand break repair mechanisms can contribute to translocation spectra, including classical non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination and single-strand annealing. Cancer therapeutics may cause translocations that generate secondary, therapy-induced cancers. Translocation efficiency and junction positions are regulated by many factors including programmed DNA double-strand breaks, spontaneous and induced DNA damage, DNA repair pathways, structural elements in DNA sequences such as repeated sequences and palindromes, relative locations chromosomes within nuclei and epigenetic factors. Keywords: genome instability; DNA repair; chromatin; cancer therapy; oncogenes; tumour suppressor genes; epigenetics; non-homologous end joining; homologous recombination
Assimilation of the National Elevation Dataset and launch of the 3D elevation program through the USGS spatial data infrastructure

The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is to provide the nation with reliable scientific information about the Earth for use in managing natural resources to protect and improve our quali...
Straddling the School-to-Prison Pipeline and Gender Non-Conforming Microaggressions as a Latina Lesbian.

ABSTRACTAlthough there is a growing body of work on the experiences of girls in juvenile justice and women in prison, still little is known about the experiences of Latinas in the prison pipeline. Accordingly, even less is known about lesbian/queer Latinas in the prison pipeline. Gabriela's case study reveals her experiences in and out of the Juvenile Justice System as she seeks to build her life upon release as a young adult raised in multiple institutions. Using a Critical Race Theory and Latina/o Critical Race Theory (LatCrit) framework, this case study shows how Gabriela's intersectional identities have impacted her experience of going into and coming out of the prison pipeline. By focusing on her intersectional identity, I argue a for a new type of microaggression, which I refer to as gender non-conforming microaggressions, that explains the ways in which her gender performance and transgressions coupled with her sexuality and race create situations wherein she was insulted and criminalized.
An economic analysis of liver transplantation. Costs, insurance coverage, and reimbursement

Liver transplantation is an expensive surgical procedure. In 1988, the median procedure charge was $145,795. Charges varied according to numerous prognostic variables. Insurance reimbursement often fell short of billed charges. Nonetheless, relative to other medical and surgical procedures, liver transplantation is cost-effective.
A Thematic Analysis of Self-described Authentic Leadership Behaviors Among Experienced Nurse Executives.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to understand the behaviors experienced nurse executives use to create healthy work environments (HWEs). The constructs of authentic leadership formed the conceptual framework for the study.BACKGROUNDThe American Association of Critical-Care Nurses recommends authen
Field induced decrystallization of silicon: Evidence of a microwave non-thermal effect

It is rather strange and not fully understood that some materials decrystallize when exposed to microwave radiation, and it is still debatable if such a transformation is a thermal or non-thermal effect. We hereby report experimental evidences that weight the latter effect. First, a single crystal silicon wafer exposed to microwaves showed strong decrystallization at high temperature. Second, when some areas of the wafer were masked with metal coating, only the exposed areas underwent decrystallization. Transmission electron microscopy analysis, x-ray diffraction data, and thermal conductivity measurements all indicated strong decrystallization, which occurred in the bulk of the material and was not a surface effect. These observations favor the existence of a non-thermal microwave effect.It is rather strange and not fully understood that some materials decrystallize when exposed to microwave radiation, and it is still debatable if such a transformation is a thermal or non-thermal effect. We hereby report experimental evidences that weight the latter effect. First, a single crystal silicon wafer exposed to microwaves showed strong decrystallization at high temperature. Second, when some areas of the wafer were masked with metal coating, only the exposed areas underwent decrystallization. Transmission electron microscopy analysis, x-ray diffraction data, and thermal conductivity measurements all indicated strong decrystallization, which occurred in the bulk of the material and was not a surface effect. These observations favor the existence of a non-thermal microwave effect.
Reactive two-component monolayers template bottom-up assembly of nanoparticle arrays on HOPG

Two triphenyleneethynylene derivatives, 1OH and 2, self-assemble a patterned monolayer (ML) at the solution-graphite (HOPG) interface. The four molecule unit cell of the ML, (1OH1OH22), spans 19 nm and contains adjacent columns of 1OH molecules spaced by 4.7 nm. Following ML assembly, a disulfide is appended to the alcohol group on each 1OH molecule and used to capture 2.0 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP). The patterned monolayer directs bottom-up assembly of a 5 nm/19 nm double pitch AuNP pattern.
Condroid: using an android phone as a 3D input device for a multiuser 3D drawing application setup in a collaborative virtual environment over the web

3D collaborative virtual environments (CVE) are gaining popularity. One problem with 3D CVEs is lack of a natural 3D input device. Smartphones are gaining popularity for being used as a 3D input device for a variety of purposes. We present ConDroid, a system that uses a smartphone as a 3D input device in a 3D drawing application setup in collaborative virtual environment over the web with support for multiple users at the same time and on large or small displays. We tackle the problem of remote synchronization in CVEs using the concepts we have named as SUMD (synchronicity using minimal data) and remote semaphores with deadlock avoidance. For the CVE architecture, we use the basic idea of the Active replication model in which an atomic broadcast is used to deliver updates to all of the clients in order to keep them synchronized and use the SUMD and remote semaphores approach on top of it. Our work comprises of an Android application for 3D input, a 3D drawing windows application projected on a large (or small) display with remote collaboration capability, and a middleware server application. Our approach can be used by others to use smartphones as a 3D input device for computers as well design CVEs with quick and effective synchronization using the concepts of SUMD and remote semaphores.
Episodic memory: a final frontier (abbreviated version)

A major limitation of today's computer games is the shallowness of interactions with non-player characters. To build up relationships with players, NPCs should be able to remember shared experiences, including conversations, and shape their responses accordingly. We believe that progress in AI has already reached the point where research on using NLP and large KBs in games could lead to important new capabilities. We describe our Listener Architecture for conversational games, which has been implemented in a toolkit used to make short experimental games. Episodic memory plays a central role, using analogical reasoning over a library of previous conversations with the player. Examples and scale-up issues are discussed.
5.10 Tectonic Geomorphology of Normal Fault Scarps

Scarps may be produced by all types of fault displacement. Although most fault scarps have a complex initial morphology, a scarp produced by normal faulting of unconsolidated or poorly consolidated frictional materials (i.e., sands and gravels) may have a relatively simple initial morphology consisting of a detachment-limited free face, sloping around 60°, which retreats back, progressively burying its base with raveled debris. Once the free-face burial is complete, the scarp crest and base become more rounded and the scarp reclines provided the scarp remains transport limited and erosional processes are only a function of the gradient. In some situations, scarp age may be determined by morphologic dating.
The matrix logarithm

To harness the full power of the matrix exponential we need its inverse function, the matrix logarithm function, log. Like the classical log, the matrix log is defined by a power series that converges only in a certain neighborhood of the identity. This makes results involving the logarithm more “local” than those involving the exponential alone, but in this chapter we are interested only in local information.
The Pi-ADL.NET project: an inclusive approach to ADL compiler design

This paper describes results and observations pertaining to the development of a compiler utility for an Architecture Description Language π-ADL, for the .NET platform. Architecture Description Languages or ADLs, are special purpose high level languages especially construed to define software architectures. π-ADL, a recent addition to this class of languages, is formally based on the π-Calculus, a process oriented formal method. The compiler for π-ADL, named π-ADL.NET, is designed with the view of bringing the architecture driven software design approach to the .NET platform. The process oriented nature and a robust set of parallelism constructs of π-ADL make the π-ADL.NET project a novel application of compiler techniques in the context of the .NET platform, with many valuable lessons learnt. This paper presents the π-ADL.NET effort from a compiler design perspective, and describes the inclusive approach driving the design that facilitates the representation of strong behavioral semantics in architecture descriptions. The subjects of parallel process modeling, communication and constructed data types are covered. The paper also documents the motivation, vision and future possibilities for this line of work. A detailed comparison with related work is also presented.
Studies on root anatomy, morphology and physiology of rice grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

With the changing climate and rainfall abrasions, there is a gradual shift in the system of rice cultivation from traditional transplanted anaerobic to aerobic system. Studies on the root anatomical and morpho-physiological traits provide insights about the adaptation under aerobic conditions. We investigated the root anatomical and morpho-physiological traits in anaerobic (BPT 5204) and aerobic (CR Dhan 202) adapted rice genotypes grown under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. It was observed that the formation of fewer aerenchyma, thickened root and larger xylem area were critical anatomical traits associated with aerobic adaptation as compared to anaerobic conditions. The root length of CR Dhan 202 significantly increased under aerobic condition which may be attributed to its aerobic adaptation in terms of water acquisition. The photosynthetic rate was significantly higher in CR Dhan 202 as compared to that of BPT 5204 under the aerobic condition. The morpho-physiological results showed that the root length, total dry weight and photosynthetic rate are the key parameters for imparting aerobic adaptation. These root anatomical and morpho-physiological traits associated with the adaptation can be used as screening criteria for phenotyping and selection of genotypes suitable for aerobic system of cultivation. Such study is expected to expedite the development of rice aerobic varieties in aerobic breeding programmes.
The Life Course Research Framework: Illustrative Application in the Study of Financial Behaviors

Research efforts in the field of personal finance are yet to benefit from recent theoretical and methodological developments in behavioral and social sciences that have advanced the life course paradigm as the leading research framework for studying behavior over time (e.g., Colby 1998; Elder et al. 2003; George 2003; Mayer and Tuma 1990). For example, although this multi-theoretical paradigm is mentioned as a viable research framework for the study of behavioral and mental changes that surround the critical life event of retirement and the impact of these changes on psychological well-being (Hershey and Henkens 2013), there is limited research on the experienced and expected consequences of this transition on the individual’s financial behaviors. Similarly, models of financial behavior that attempt to incorporate life course theory and concepts (e.g., Hershey et al. 2010) are void of many key elements of the life course paradigm. For example, although the life course “principles” of time and timing have important implications for the development of financial solvency (Hershey and Jacobs-Lawson 2012), they are absent from recent multi-theoretical formulations (e.g., Hershey et al. 2010). Another drawback in previous research efforts is inherent in the analytic methods commonly used (e.g., regression, probit, logit, discriminant), as such methods not only are inferior to more recently developed analytic models, collectively known as “event history analysis” (EHA) (e.g., Frazer et al. 1994; Mayer and Tuma 1990), but also inappropriate for analyzing development and changes of behavior. The latter methods have facilitated the development of the life course approach as the leading research framework (Mayer and Tuma 1990) that is considered one of the most important achievements of social science and behavioral sciences (Colby 1998).
Nanoscale in situ study of ZDDP tribofilm growth at aluminum-based interfaces using atomic force microscopy

Abstract Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)-based antiwear additives are crucial in automotive lubricants, where its effectiveness in reducing wear of ferrous alloys is well established. However, prior studies of light-weight aluminum-based alloys reveal that ZDDP is not as effective an anti-wear agent on Al-based surfaces for reasons that remain under debate. Here we use in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study nanoscale ZDDP-derived tribofilms at the sliding interface between an alumina microcolloid probe and substrates comprised of either aluminum (with native oxide) or aluminum oxide (single crystal sapphire). The experiments reveal that ZDDP tribofilms form on both substrates, supporting the idea that tribofilm formation crucially involves thermally-activated, stress-assisted chemical reactions, and does not require cation exchange from wear debris originating from the substrate.
Pathways to Seeking Help From a Partner Abuse Intervention Program: A Qualitative Study of Voluntary and Non-Court-Mandated Latino Men’s Experiences:

Involvement in treatment for intimate partner violence and abuse (IPV/A) perpetration is often limited to those who are arrested and convicted of domestic violence offenses. Consequently, the major...
Trust Measurement in Human–Automation Interaction: A Systematic Review:

This systematic review summarizes current measurements of trust in human-automation interaction. A total of 217 articles were found, and it was determined that 44 articles contained relevant inform...
A Report of Two Cases of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Pregnancy Involving Superimposed Bacterial Pneumonia and Severe Respiratory Illness

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a cause of mild to severe respiratory viral infection. There are few descriptions of infection with HMPV in pregnancy. We present two cases of HMPV infection occurring in pregnancy, including a case of superimposed bacterial pneumonia in a pregnant woman after HMPV infection. In the first case, a 40-year-old woman at 29 weeks of gestation developed an asthma exacerbation in association with a positive respiratory pathogen panel (RPP) for HMPV infection. She was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for progressive respiratory failure. In the second case, a 36-year-old woman at 31 weeks of gestation developed respiratory distress in association with a positive RPP for HMPV. A subsequent sputum culture was positive for beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae raising concern for superimposed bacterial pneumonia. HMPV can be an important cause of severe respiratory illness in pregnant women and may predispose pregnant women to superimposed bacterial pneumonia. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2019;8(4):107-110 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcgo573
Unlimited Trace Tutor: Learning Code Tracing With Automatically Generated Programs

Previous research showed that creating specific types of tracing tables helps students learn code tracing, a fundamental skill in computer programming. This paper introduces Unlimited Trace Tutor, the first version of a code tracing tutoring system that can automatically generate tracing problems and create such tracing tables. We conducted a pilot experiment with volunteer students from an introductory level Computer Science course. We found that our software effectively helps student learn tracing "for" loops, "while" loops, and "if" statements. In this paper we describe the system's architecture, our algorithms for generating code and tracing tables, and the promising results of our pilot experiment.
Predicting organizational recruitment using a hybrid cellular model: new directions in Blau space analysis

Ecological models are useful in modeling organizations and their competition over resources. However, the traditional approaches, particularly Blau space models, are restrictive in their dependence on a continuous space. In addition, these models are susceptible to indicating competition in sparsely populated areas of an ecology, resulting in competition being indicated where there are no resources to compete over. To deal with these problems we reconceptualize Blau space into the Hybrid Blau space model, using both a cellular structure to model a wider number of variable types, and probabilistic urn models to simulate competition between organizations. We briefly review the basic concepts of Blau space, demonstrate the issues with traditional Blau space modeling, present a new model referred to as the Hybrid model, and propose several new metrics to describe the behavior of organizations in this new model. A novel data source, attribute data from Parliament Members of the Ukrainian Parliament, are used to illustrate the Hybrid Blau space model.
Electrical Performance Improvement of Lead-Acid Battery under the Impact of Micro Carbon Additives

The features and changes in the microstructure of the electrode material of the negative electrode of the lead–acid starter accumulator battery appearing on the addition of two different specimens of carbon carbon black and hybrid carbon, are investigated. The X-ray phase analysis and the scanning electron microscopy analysis are conducted. It is established that using carbon black or hybrid carbon as an additive to the material of the negative electrode influences its structure causing changes in the processes of its impregnation and formation. Based on the structural analysis, a qualitative description, according to which hybrid carbon increases the dispersity of the negative active mass and impedes the diffusion of sulfate-ions, is proposed. The standard tests were conducted by intensive cycling in the partial state of charge lead–acid starter batteries in the charge–discharge mode. The batteries were manufactured using negative plates with additives of technical or hybrid carbon. The influence of each type of carbon additive on the electrical characteristics of the starter batteries is determined. It is shown that the additive of hybrid carbon increases the service life of starter batteries under operation in the partial state of the charge. This additive increases the charge acceptance on average by 9% and the deep discharge stability of the battery. The capacity loss after deep discharge is less than 4.4% if hybrid carbon is used as an additive and 7.2% in the case of carbon black.
Culturally informed approaches to food product development

I was honored to receive the 2017 Association for the Study of Food and Society’s Pedagogy Award for my FDSC 350 Experimental Foods: Product Development course and further honored to be asked to su...
Chapter 13 – Molecular Primatology

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the molecular primatology. It also reviews the basic cellular biology. In primatology, same molecular biology techniques are applied to decipher taxonomic and genealogical relationships. The chapter provides an indirect method to study molecular primatology. One of the earliest indirect methods applied to primates and many other mammals in the attempt to decipher their evolutionary relationships is called the precipitin reaction assay. It makes use of the functions of the immune system and its reactions to foreign protein molecules. The preferred vector initially was blood serum. Basically, this analysis measures the degree of in vitro clotting or precipitate formation. Antigens from the organism being tested are injected into a different animal—usually a rabbit or a chicken. The resulting antiserum that builds up is mixed with either the original donor blood or the blood of closely related species. Application of this precipitate elicits different degrees of coagulation in the tested blood. The initial results substantiated the pattern of morphologically rooted relationships among humans and primates.
Incidence Rates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Over a 17-Year Period in Active Duty Military Service Members

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 8% of the general population. The prevalence of PTSD is twice as high in active duty service members and military veterans. Few studies have investigated the incidence rates of PTSD in active duty military personnel. The present study evaluated the incidence of PTSD diagnoses and the differences between demographic factors for service members between 2001 and 2017. Data on 182,400 active duty service members between 2001 and 2017 were drawn from the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database and examined by sex, age, service branch, military pay grade, marital status, and race. From 2001 to 2017, the incidence rates of PTSD in the active force (per 1,000 service members) steadily climbed, with a low of 1.24 in 2002 to a high of 12.94 in 2016. Service members most often diagnosed with PTSD were in the U.S. Army, with the enlisted pay grades of E-5-E-9, White, married, male, and between 20 and 24 years old. Statistically significant differences, ps < .001, were found between observed and expected counts across all examined demographic variables. The present study is the first to our knowledge to provide a comprehensive examination of PTSD incidence rates in an active duty military population.
Patients with falls from standing height and head or neck injury may not require body CT in the absence of signs or symptoms of body injury.

To determine the rate of clinically impactful body injury among patients who had a fall from standing height with an associated head/neck injury, but without evidence of body injury on physical exam or plain radiographs. We also examine surgical/endovascular intervention related to body injury and mortality rates for head/neck and body injury. Retrospective study of 288 patients with CT evidence of acute head/neck injury that underwent body CT despite the absence of clinical or radiographic evidence of body injury. Predictor variables were age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). There were 11.5% (n = 33) with body injury on CT (n = 33). There were 3.1% (n = 9) with clinically impactful body injury. No patient had either surgical/endovascular intervention or mortality related to body injury. Additionally, 8.7% (n = 25) had mortality from head/neck injury. Increased age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08, p = 0.01) and overweight BMI (25–29.99 kg/m2) (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.07, 7.62, p = 0.04) were each significantly associated with increased odds for mortality from head/neck injury. Patients with falls from standing height and known head/neck injury had a low rate of clinically impactful body injury. None of the studied variables were associated with increased risk of body injury in this patient population. The low rate of clinically impactful body injury and the lack of any mortality, procedure, or transfusion resulting from body injury suggest that body CT may not be necessary in patients with head/neck injury in the absence of clinical or radiographic evidence of body injury.
“Not Just a Lateral Move”: Residential Decisions and the Reproduction of Urban Inequality:

Despite decades of research on residential mobility and neighborhood effects, we know comparatively less about how people sort across geography. In recent years, scholars have been calling for rese...
Flipped Learning during a Global Pandemic: Empowering Students with Choice.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a research brief on current studies related to utilizing a flipped learning model. The flipped model entails students engaging with a recorded lecture prior to live class time, allowing for more student engagement with content, classmates, and the instructor during class time. A flipped model empowers students with more choice and control over their learning, can improve student achievement, and can reduce student anxiety. During a global pandemic when nearly all higher education institutions have rapidly transitioned to online learning platforms, a flipped model can provide a blended, balanced approach to student learning.
2020 ACM Sigmobile Outstanding Contribution Award: Martin Cooper

There are more smartphones than people today and communication technologies powering these phones help us stay connected all over the world. Perhaps one of the most fundamental aspects for mobile communication is the ability to make phone calls on-the-go. We take this for granted today, but someone has built that technology for us. That someone is Marty Cooper, who invented the first handheld cellular phone - DynaTAC - back in 1973.
Perceptions of partial gland ablation for prostate cancer among men on active surveillance: A qualitative study.

Objectives Partial gland ablation (PGA) therapy is an emerging treatment modality that targets specific areas of biopsy-proven prostate cancer (PCa) to minimize treatment-related morbidity by sparing benign prostate. This qualitative study aims to explore and characterize perceptions and attitudes toward PGA in men with very-low-risk, low-risk, and favorable intermediate-risk PCa on active surveillance (AS). Design 92 men diagnosed with very-low-risk, low-risk, and favorable intermediate-risk PCa on AS were invited to participate in semistructured telephone interviews on PGA. Setting Single tertiary care center located in New York City. Participants 20 men with very-low-risk, low-risk, and favorable intermediate-risk PCa on AS participated in the interviews. Main outcome measures Emerging themes on perceptions and attitudes toward PGA were developed from transcripts inductively coded and analyzed under standardized methodology. Results Four themes were derived from 20 interviews that represent the primary considerations in treatment decision-making: (1) the feeling of psychological safety associated with low-risk disease; (2) preference for minimally invasive treatments; (3) the central role of the physician; (4) and the pursuit of treatment options that align with disease severity. Eleven men (55%) expressed interest in pursuing PGA only if their cancer were to progress, while nine men (45%) expressed interest at the current moment. Conclusions Although an emerging treatment modality, patients were broadly accepting of PGA for PCa, with men primarily debating the risks versus benefits of proactively treating low-risk disease. Additional research on men’s preferences and attitudes toward PGA will further guide counseling and shared decision-making for PGA.
Expanding Spectrum of Desmin-Related Myopathy, Long-term Follow-up, and Cardiac Transplantation.

Background and Objectives We aimed to determine the genetic and clinical phenotypes of patients with desmin-related myopathy and long-term outcomes after cardiac transplantation. Methods We performed a retrospective review of cardiac and neurologic manifestations of patients with genetically confirmed desmin-related myopathy (January 1, 1999–January 1, 2020). Results Twenty-five patients in 20 different families were recognized. Median age at onset of symptoms was 20 (range 4–50) years; median follow-up time was 36 (range 1–156) months. Twelve patients initially presented with skeletal muscle involvement, and 13 presented with cardiac disease. Sixteen patients had both cardiac and skeletal muscle involvement. Clinically muscle weakness distribution was distal (n = 11), proximal (n = 4), or both (n = 7) in 22 patients. Skeletal muscle biopsy from patients with missense and splice site variants (n = 12) showed abnormal fibers containing amorphous material in Gomori trichrome–stained sections. Patients with cardiac involvement had atrioventricular conduction abnormalities or cardiomyopathy. The most common ECG abnormality was complete atrioventricular block in 11 patients, all of whom required a permanent pacemaker at a median age of 25 (range 16–48) years. Sudden cardiac death resulting in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks or resuscitation was reported in 3 patients; a total of 5 patients had ICDs. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation was performed in 3 patients at 20, 35, and 39 years of age. Discussion Pathogenic variants in desmin can lead to varied neurologic and cardiac phenotypes beginning at a young age. Two-thirds of the patients have both neurologic and cardiac symptoms, usually starting in the third decade. Heart transplantation was tolerated with improved cardiac function and quality of life.
Successful Management of Hemocoelom and Marked Anemia in a Central Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps) Following Multiple Blood Transfusions and Surgery

A 4 yr old, female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) was presented after a 2 day history of lethargy and inappetence. On physical examination, the patient was quiet, alert, and responsive, with pale mucous membranes and coelomic distention. Initial diagnostics revealed a severe anemia (packed cell volume [PCV], 3%) and hypoproteinemia (total solids [TS], 30 g/L [3 g/dl]). Full-body radiographs revealed decreased coelomic detail suggestive of coelomic effusion. Due to the life-threatening anemia, a whole blood transfusion (WBT) was performed using a bearded dragon (donor A). On day 2, coelomic ultrasound revealed a large volume of effusion and numerous follicles. Coelomic fluid cytology was consistent with acute hemorrhage and egg yolk coelomitis. On day 3, two allogeneic WBTs, each from a different donor animal (donors B and C), were administrated via an intraosseous catheter. The PCV and TS increased to 8% and 38 g/L (3.8 g/dl), respectively. On day 5 the PCV/TS decreased to 7% and 28 g/L (2.8 g/dl), respectively. Due to the suspicion of active hemorrhage, an exploratory coeliotomy was elected. An intraoperative WBT (from donor B) was administrated. The source of hemorrhage was found to originate from the left ovarian pedicle. A final WBT was administrated postoperatively (from donor A). On day 6, the PCV/TS had increased to 17% and 30 g/L (93 g/dl), respectively. Three weeks later, the patient was alert and responsive and the PCV/TS had risen to 30% and 52 g/L (5.2 g/dl), respectively. This is the first report describing the successful administration of five WBTs from several different donors over a short period of time in a bearded dragon with hemocoelom and marked anemia.
The Role of Emerin in Cancer Progression and Metastasis

It is commonly recognized in the field that cancer cells exhibit changes in the size and shape of their nuclei. These features often serve as important biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. Nuclear size can significantly impact cell migration due to its incredibly large size. Nuclear structural changes are predicted to regulate cancer cell migration. Nuclear abnormalities are common across a vast spectrum of cancer types, regardless of tissue source, mutational spectrum, and signaling dependencies. The pervasiveness of nuclear alterations suggests that changes in nuclear structure may be crucially linked to the transformation process. The factors driving these nuclear abnormalities, and the functional consequences, are not completely understood. Nuclear envelope proteins play an important role in regulating nuclear size and structure in cancer. Altered expression of nuclear lamina proteins, including emerin, is found in many cancers and this expression is correlated with better clinical outcomes. A model is emerging whereby emerin, as well as other nuclear lamina proteins, binding to the nucleoskeleton regulates the nuclear structure to impact metastasis. In this model, emerin and lamins play a central role in metastatic transformation, since decreased emerin expression during transformation causes the nuclear structural defects required for increased cell migration, intravasation, and extravasation. Herein, we discuss the cellular functions of nuclear lamina proteins, with a particular focus on emerin, and how these functions impact cancer progression and metastasis.
Onset of Mobilization and the Fraction of Trapped Foam in Porous Media

Usually, foam in a porous medium flows through a small and spatially varying fraction of available pores, while the bulk of it remains trapped. The trapped foam is under a pressure gradient corresponding to the pressure gradient imposed by the flowing foam and continuous wetting liquid. The imposed pressure gradient and coalescence of the stationary foam lamellae periodically open flow channels in the trapped foam region. Foam lamellae in each of these channels flow briefly, but channels are eventually plugged by smaller bubbles entering into the trapped region. The result is a cycling of flow channels that open and close throughout the trapped foam, leading to intermittent pulsing of foam flow in that region. The dynamic behavior of foam trapped in porous media is modeled here with a pore network simulator. We predict the magnitude of the pressure drop leading to the onset of flow of foam lamellae in the region containing trapped foam. This mobilization pressure drop depends only on the number of lamellae in the flow path and on the geometry of the pores that make up this path. The principles learned in this study allow us to predict the fraction of foam that is trapped in a porous medium under given flow conditions. We present here the first analytic expression for the trapped foam fraction as a function of the pressure gradient, and of the mean and standard deviation of the pore size distribution. This expression provides a missing piece for the continuum foam flow models based on the moments of the volume-averaged population balance of foam bubbles.
Normal Anatomic Relationships and Variants

A basic knowledge of normal anatomic relationships and variants is essential to understanding the effects of pathologic processes. Fundamental considerations include constant anatomic landmarks, variations in positions of structures, relationships maintained and bounded by peritoneal and fascial attachments, distribution of intra—and extraperitoneal fat providing the contrasting interfaces of organ and viscus contours, and governance of the configuration of the hollow viscera by specific anatomic characteristics and general physical laws.
Migraine, fibromyalgia, and depression among people with IBS: a prevalence study

Background Case descriptions suggest IBS patients are more likely to have other disorders, including migraine, fibromyalgia, and depression. We sought to examine the prevalence of these conditions in cohorts of people with and without IBS.
Role of metal ions in reactions catalyzed by pig heart triphosphopyridine nucleotide-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. I. Magnetic resonance and binding studies of the complexes of enzyme, manganous ion, and substrates.

Abstract Native TPN-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase binds 1 mole of Mn(II) per mole of enzyme with a dissociation constant of 45 µm which remains unchanged in the presence of coenzymes, α-ketoglutarate, or bicarbonate, but is lowered to 2.2 µm in the presence of isocitrate. A specific influence of isocitrate on the affinity of enzyme for manganese is implied. Inactive N-ethylmaleimide-modified enzyme binds 1 mole of manganous ion with a dissociation constant of 48 µm in the presence or absence of isocitrate, suggesting that modification of critical sulfhydryl groups disrupts interaction between the manganous ion and isocitrate sites. In contrast, carboxymethylmethionyl enzyme exhibits a dissociation constant of 8.0 µm in the presence and 18 µm in the absence of isocitrate. Isocitrate dehydrogenase enhances the effect of Mn(II) on the proton relaxation rate of water at 22° and 24.3 MHz giving an enhancement, eb, due to bound manganous ion of 11.0 ± 0.5. Isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate (but not TPN or TPNH) lower this enhancement by approximately twothirds. Dissociation constants of isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate from their respective ternary complexes were calculated to be 2 ± 1 µm and 290 ± 80 µm, and are essentially unchanged in the presence of TPN or TPNH. These results are consistent with the formation of ternary metal bridge complexes involving enzyme, Mn(II), and substrates.
Application-Specific Evaluation of No SQL Databases

The selection of a particular NoSQL database for use in a big data system imposes a specific distributed software architecture and data model, making the technology selection difficult to defer and expensive to change. This paper reports on the selection of a NoSQL database for use in an Electronic Healthcare Record system being developed by a large healthcare provider. We performed application-specific prototyping and measurement to identify NoSQL products that fit data model and query use cases, and meet performance requirements. We found that database throughput varied by a factor of 10, read operation latency varied by a factor of 5, and write latency by a factor of 4 (with the highest throughput product delivering the highest latency). We also found that the throughput for workloads using strong consistency was 10-25% lower than workloads using eventual consistency. We conclude by reflecting on some of the fundamental difficulties of performing detailed technical evaluations of NoSQL databases specifically, and big data systems in general, that have become apparent during our study.
Government Spending Undercover: Spending Programs Administered by the IRS

When policymakers look to trim fat from the federal government they too often ignore half the problem: the vast and complicated set of spending programs administered by the IRS. These programs are often referred to as tax expenditures, but this paper argues that they should be viewed just like any other type of government spending. In fiscal year 2011 we will spend over $1 trillion on tax expenditures. Despite their big price tag, these programs fly under the radar of media and popular opinion. As a result, they are more likely than direct outlays to be ineffective initiatives or giveaways to the politically powerful. This paper explains what IRS-administered spending programs are, and summarizes the obstacles to subjecting them to the same scrutiny as other government spending. It then offers four recommendations for working these programs into the budget process: (1) requiring a bipartisan commission or a designated agency to create rules for identifying provisions that should be treated as “IRS-administered spending programs,” (2) directing CBO to display alternative projections of federal revenue and spending that count all IRS-administered spending programs as revenue raised and then spent, (3) requiring the IRS to inform taxpayers of the benefits they receive from such programs, and (4) allowing taxpayers to claim these benefits separately from remitting taxes due. Finally, this paper offers a framework of questions and principles that policymakers should bear in mind in giving these programs the critical evaluation that they deserve. Specifically, policymakers should consider whether each IRS-administered spending program furthers any public goals and, if so, whether it is structured as effectively as possible to achieve its objectives. If a program seeks to encourage consumers to act in their own interest, policymakers should consider replacing or supplementing it with default rules and “nudges” that facilitate better decisions. If a program seeks to encourage consumers to make choices that benefit others, policymakers should target its subsidies on the choices that benefit others the most and the taxpayers who are most likely to respond. Responsiveness can often be increased by offering the same subsidy to everyone, framing the subsidy as a match, or delivering it earlier in time. More fundamentally, such subsidies should not depend on the claimant’s marginal tax rate or itemizing status. This implies that IRS-administered spending program that seek to influence or reward socially-desirable choices should almost always be delivered in the form of refundable credits, instead of non-refundable credits, deferral, deductions, or exclusions.
A Resonance Self-Indication Technique for Isotopic Assay of Fissile Materials

A resonance self-indication technique, that measures nondestructively the thickness of fissile materials, has been investigated. This method utilizes the resonance structure in the neutron fission cross section by passing an epithermal beam of neutrons through the sample and then to thin fission detectors that are sensitive to the resonance absorption lines in the transmitted flux corresponding to the resonance reaction peaks. The measurements included samples of 283U, 235U, and 239Pu with thicknesses ranging from 5 to 270 mils. The present measurements indicate that this technique could be used to measure the thickness of 239Pu with an accuracy of 1 to 3%, and an accuracy of 2 to 10% for 233U and 235U for thicknesses <150 mils. The influence of extraneous material in the samples was greatly reduced by using ratios of different fission detectors in the measurement. Computer calculations of the fission rates were made, and the theoretical results are in good agreement with the measurements.
Reflections on Multidisciplinary Teamwork: From Experience to Impact

The Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship (HESE) Program at Penn State engages students and faculty across the university in rigorous research, design, field-testing, and launch of technology-based social enterprises. The complex nature of the real-world problems tackled by HESE ventures requires engagement from students and faculty across the university. Such interdisciplinary teamwork is fraught with issues stemming from differing academic traditions, vocabularies, communication, work habits, and most importantly, philosophies of entrepreneurial engagement in developing countries. This reflection article, based on interviews with 22 highly engaged students and recent alumni, provides a candid reflection on the structures and practices within the HESE program that facilitate or, at times, impede multidisciplinary teamwork. The methods and approaches described in this article are not best practices. Rather, they are simply practices and lessons learned that have emerged over time, and continue to evolve, as students and faculty in HESE march forward on their learning, research and entrepreneurial engagement continuum.
Proteins and Protein Fragments: Folding

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Folding Pathways of Proteins by NMR 3 NMR of Denatured Proteins 4 NMR of Protein Folding Intermediates and Partially Folded Structures 5 NMR of Peptide Fragments of Proteins 6 Future Prospects 7 Acknowledgements 8 Biographical Sketches Related Articles
Engineering for the Americas

Summary form only given. Stimulated by the globalization of the engineering profession and the industries that it supports, and by the increased importance of trade between countries and regions in the American hemisphere as a basis for social and economic development, a grass-roots movement to enable engineering and technology education across the hemisphere has been created over the past four years. The movement has been dubbed "engineering for the Americas", and involves educators, industry representatives, government officials, and professional groups. The basic concept calls for engineers to be educated in high quality institutions in each country in the hemisphere, with quality assurance systems in place to guarantee consistently high caliber graduates. Mutual recognition of such engineering graduates across national boundaries combined with cross-border trade agreements facilitate the flow of work and human resources throughout the hemisphere to optimal locations - for distributed economic development. This open mobility then forms the basis for a knowledge based, hemisphere-wide economy in which all nations of the hemisphere compete successfully in the overall global economy. Engineering for the Americas was formally endorsed by the Ministers and High Authorities of Science and Technology last fall in the Lima Declaration as a focus of their governments, with engineering education being their expressed priority for developing global competitiveness and delivering broad benefit to all peoples of the Americas. This paper presents the efforts undertaken by an international group of professionals who are advancing the initiative and anticipated future activities.
IMPACT OF THE DARE TO BE YOU FAMILY SUPPORT PROGRAM: COLLABORATIVE REPLICATION IN RURAL COUNTIES

Colorado State UniversityRural families often have unmet needs for services to strengthen familyfunctioning and promote optimal youth development. Community needsassessments conducted at 2 rural sites led to a community-universitycollaboration that implemented the DARE to be You (DTBY) program forfamilies and youth aged 9 years at one site and aged 13 years at the secondsite. Families in the DTBY intervention, in contrast to a matchedcomparison group, evinced signiﬁcantly greater gains in parentself-efﬁcacy, effective child-rearing practices (i.e., more democratic and lesscoercive), and positive parent-child relationships. As well, changes tocommunity assets were documented in the form of increased human servicesto strengthen families. The results are discussed in terms of the utility ofcommunity–university partnerships to help strengthen rural families andpromote community social capital.