cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modified sidereal filtering: Implications for high‐rate GPS positioning

[1] High-rate (1-Hz) Global Positioning System (GPS) data are beginning to be used for a variety of geophysical monitoring purposes, including seismology. Improving the precision of high-rate GPS position estimates will increase the value of these 1-Hz GPS monitoring systems. One technique that has been used to improve high-rate GPS positioning takes advantage of the ground track repeat period of the satellites. This study investigates the GPS orbital repeat period and determines that it varies for each satellite and differs significantly from the generally assumed sidereal period. Orbit repeat periods are calculated and used to filter 1-Hz GPS position estimates. Using the calculated orbit repeat period significantly reduces low frequency (0.001–0.04 Hz) errors in 1-Hz GPS position estimates.
Ray analysis of modal reflection for three-dimensional open-ended waveguides

An efficient high-frequency ray analysis, which combines the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) with the equivalent current method, is used for evaluating modal reflection at the open ends of three-dimensional waveguides. After reviewing a method used for the two-dimensional case and introducing some extensions necessary for evaluating modal reflection of open-ended three-dimensional waveguides, the modal reflection coefficients are then given for open-ended circular and rectangular waveguides. Numerical results calculated using these expressions agree favorably with those obtained by a different analytical technique and by experiment. >
Evaluation of Secondary Structure of OxlT, the Oxalate Transporter of Oxalobacter formigenes, by Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy

OxlT, the oxalate/formate exchange transporter of Oxalobacter formigenes, was purified as a histidine-tagged variant, OxlTHis, using Ni2+-linked affinity chromatography. OxlTHis was readily obtained in high purity (>/=95%) and reasonable yield (>/=60%), and showed kinetic and biochemical features characteristic of its parent, OxlT, including an unusually high maximal velocity (60 micromol/min per mg of protein at 4 degrees C). Circular dichroism spectroscopy of purified OxlTHis identified the alpha-helix as its dominant secondary structural unit, encompassing 60-70% of OxlTHis residues and consistent with a model suggesting 60% of OxlT (OxlTHis) residues are involved in the construction of 12 transmembrane alpha-helices (Abe, K., Ruan, Z.-S., and Maloney, P. C. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 6789-6793). In either octyl glucoside/lipid or dodecylmaltoside/lipid micelles, solubilized OxlTHis showed a striking substrate-induced stabilization of function, and at saturating levels of substrate (1000 x KD) activity recoverable by reconstitution disappeared with a half-life of 7 days at 23 degrees C. Measurement of changes of ellipticity at 222 nm as a function of time and substrate concentration showed that maintenance of function was attributable to a substrate-induced stabilization of the alpha-helical ensemble with a KD of 10 microM for the 1:1 binding of oxalate to OxlTHis.
Evaluations of Physiological Monitoring Displays: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this paper is to present the findings from a systematic review of evaluation studies for physiologic monitoring displays, centered on empirical assessments across all available settings and samples. The findings from this review give readers the opportunity to examine past work across studies and set the stage for the design and conduct of future evaluations. A broad literature search of the literature from 1991 to June 2007 on PubMed and PsycINFO databases was completed to locate data-based articles for physiologic monitoring device display evaluations. The results of this search plus several unpublished works yielded 23 publications and 31 studies. Participants were faster detecting an adverse event, making a diagnosis or a clinical decision in 18 of 31 studies. They showed improved accuracy in a clinical decision or diagnosis in 13 of 19 studies and they perceived a decreased mental workload in 3 of 8 studies. Eighteen studies used a within subjects design (mean sample size 16.5), and 9 studies used a between group design (mean group size 7.6). Study settings were usability laboratories for 15 studies and patient simulation laboratories for 6 studies. Study participants were anesthesiologists or anesthesiology residents for 19 studies and nurses for 5 studies. The advent of integrated graphical displays ushered a new era into physiological monitoring display designs. All but one study reported significant differences between traditional, numerical displays and novel displays; yet we know little about which graphical displays are optimal and why particular designs work. Future authors should use a theoretical model or framework to guide the study design, focus on other clinical study participants besides anesthesiologists, employ additional research methods and use more realistic and complex tasks and settings to increase external validity.
PEAK FIRE TEMPERATURES AND EFFECTS ON ANNUAL PLANTS IN THE MOJAVE DESERT

Very little is known about the behavior and effects of fire in the Mojave Desert, because fire was historically uncommon. However, fire has become more frequent since the 1970s with increased dominance of the invasive annual grasses Bromus rubens and Schismus spp., and land managers are concerned about its ecological effect. In this paper, I describe patterns of peak fire temperature and their effect on annual plants in creosote bush scrub vegetation of the Mojave Desert. Temperatures were monitored among microhabitats and distances from the soil surface, and between spring and summer. Microhabitats ranged from high amounts of fuel beneath creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) canopies, to intermediate amounts at the canopy drip line, to low amounts in the interspaces between them. Distances from the soil surface were within the vertical range where most annual plant seeds occur (−2, 0, 5, and 10 cm). I also compare temperature patterns with postfire changes in soil properties and annual plant biomass and spe...
Historiography and the Rorschach framework: "literary skill" vs "literary qualities".

This note uses the Rorschach framework of interpretation to clarify the difference between speaking of a historian's “literary skill” and a historical work's “literary qualities.”
M · FokI methylates adenine in both strands of its asymmetric recognition sequence

Abstract M · Fok I, a type-IIS modification enzyme from Flavobacterium okeanokoites , was purified, and its activity was characterized in vitro. The enzyme was found to be a DNA-adenine methyltransferase and to methylate both strands of the asymmetric Fok I recognition sequence: M · Fok I does not methylate single-stranded DNA, nor does it methylate double-stranded DNA at sequences other than Fok I sites.
Mistuning Identification of Bladed Disks Using a Fundamental Mistuning Model: Part 2 — Application

This paper is the second in a two-part study of identifying mistuning in bladed disks. It presents experimental validation of a new method of mistuning identification based on measurements of the vibratory response of the system as a whole. As a system based method, this approach is particularly suited to integrally bladed rotors, whose blades cannot be removed for individual measurements. The method is based on a recently developed reduced order model of mistuning called the Fundamental Mistuning Model and is applicable to isolated families of modes. Two versions of FMM system identification are applied to the experimental data: a basic version that requires some prior knowledge of the system’s properties, and a somewhat more complex version that determines the mistuning completely from experimental data.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A Network Based Authentication Scheme for VoIP

This paper presents a VoIP networking solution that incorporates network-based authentication as an inherent feature. The authentication feature that we propose introduces a range of flexibilities not available in the PSTN. Since most calls will likely terminate on the network of another service provider, we also present a mechanism using which networks can mutually authenticate each other to afford the possibility of authentication across networks.
Water Relations and Chlorophyll Content of Forest Herbs in Southern Wisconsin

Many investigators have presented the results of studies concerned with differences between sun and shade plants. In most instances, the heliophytes (sun plants) are those which normally grow in full sunlight, while the sciophytes (shade plants) are those which grow in very dense shade, Oxalis acetosella being a favorite. These studies have been conconcerned with such characteristics as leaf morphology and anatomy; transpiration, respiration, and photosynthetic rates; pigment concentration, development of conducting system, osmotic value of cell sap, and water relations. These earlier studies have dealt, in the main, with species which are radically different in that they reach optimum development in either bright sunlight or in very dense shade. The present paper, on the other hand, is concerned with a comparison of the species characteristic of several portions of the upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. This continuum is a lineal arrangement of forest stands which embraces the gradient from the pioneer forest stages, with their high light intensities, immature soils, and variable moisture conditions to the climax forests with their extreme shade, mature soils, and constant, abundant moisture conditions. The continuum index, which ranges from 300 to 3000, locates any given stand along the continuum. The writer wishes to express his appreciation to Dr. John T. Curtis for suggesting the problem and for helpful advice and criticism throughout the study as well as in the preparation of the manuscript. LITERATURE REVIEW
The Informational Basis of Social Judgments: Operations in Forming an Impression of Another Person

Abstract This paper describes four functionally distinct operations carried out in forming an impression of another person: Initial encoding, elaborative encoding, integration, and decision. These processes were identified empirically on the basis of their differential sensitivity to the amount and the consistency of information in a trait description. In Study 1 as the trait set increased in size, processing was hindered to the greatest extent during initial encoding, to a moderate extent during elaborative encoding, and least during the integration-decision interval. Varying consistency produced the opposite pattern of results, that is, an inconsistent trait description hindered processing the least during initial encoding, a moderate amount during elaborative encoding, and the most during the integration-decision interval. In Study 2 the quantity of information was manipulated via implicit knowledge, that is, the associative structure activated by the trait (rather than set size). Because implicit information is “preintegrated,” implication-rich traits did not hinder initial or elaborative encoding more than implication-poor traits. The decision operation, however, was performed more rapidly with implication-rich traits than with implication-poor ones, which strongly suggests that once information is intergrated, the “richer” the representation, the easier it is to arrive at a decision.
Patterns of Risk in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

Background: Although an increased cumulative risk for primary progressive dementia (PPD) has been repeatedly demonstrated in relatives of probands with Alzheimer's disease (AD), an examination of their rates of illness at different ages has not been previously undertaken. Such an examination might reveal possible age-related characteristics associated with a more familial variety of AD. Methods: Using family history interviews and survival analysis, the cumulative risk for and 5-year age-specific hazard rates of PPD were assessed in the first-degree relatives of 200 probands with AD and two nondemented control groups—179 elderly ascertained through the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC-derived controls) and 427 elderly ascertained from community senior centers (community controls). Results: The PPD risk curve for the relatives of probands with AD rose to about 30% and was significantly higher than the curves for the relatives of the ADRCderived and community controls, where comparable rates were observed (approximately 12%). The age-specific hazard rates of PPD were calculated in three groups of relatives for each 5-year interval from ages 45 to 49 years through ages 85 to 89 years. The age-specific relative risk (RR , ) for PPD in the relatives of probands with AD began to steadily diminish from the 75- to 79-year age interval (RR i =13.49) through the 85- to 89-year age interval (RRi=0.96) compared with the relatives of ADRCderived controls and from the 60- to 64-year age interval (RR i =16.15) through the 85- to 89-year age interval (RR i =2.03) compared with the relatives of the community controls. Conclusions: These data indicate that, for relatives of probands with AD, while the lifetime risk for PPD is greater than in relatives of controls, the familial contribution to the risk for PPD decreases with increasing age. The higher risk for PPD in relatives of probands with AD may be substantially diminished or even eliminated by the latter half of the ninth decade.
Evidence for the cerebral uptake in vivo from two pools of glucose and the role of glucose-6-phosphatase in removing excess substrate from brain.

We propose the following scheme for cerebral uptake and overall metabolism of glucose in vivo: that brain selects from two pools of glucose anomers in arterial blood, that it takes up excess glucose, that glucose enters the brain tissue as glucose-6-phosphate through the actions of mutarotase and hexokinase, that some glucose-6-phosphate becomes metabolized to CO2 and some becomes incorporated into brain carbon pools, and that excess glucose-6-phosphate leaves brain through glucose-6-phosphatase and mutarotase activities. This results from our observations in arterio-venous studies for the determination of cerebral metabolism in humans in vivo that the cerebral uptake of [14C]glucose often appeared to differ from that of unlabeled glucose. With rapidly falling arterial radioactivity, unlabeled glucose uptake was more than [14C]glucose. With rising arterial radioactivity, [14C]glucose extraction extraction exceeded unlabeled glucose. Studies with [14C]glucose-6-phosphate suggested that glucose-6-phosphatase in brain removes excess substrate by dephosphorylation. However, when arterial [14C]glucose increased slowly, [14C]glucose uptake varied considerably and the data resembled human cerebral metabolism of glucose anomers. An experiment employing [13C]glucose and NMR provided further support for our proposed scheme.
Effect of pressure on the soft acoustic mode of KH2PO4 (KDP)

The temperature dependence of the soft acoustic mode (elastic Constant C6bE) of paraelectric KH2P04 in the vicinity of the ferroelectric transition temperature has been measured ultrasonically at atmospheric pressure at 4.14 kbar. The room temperature pressure dependence to 20 kbar has also been measured. The 1 atm data are in good agreement with the previous ultrasonic measurements of Garland and Novotny and the Brillouin measurements of Brody and Cummins. By combining the high pressure ultrasonic measurements with recent hiah pressure dielectric measurements, the pressure dependence of the “normal” elastic constant c66 and the piezoelectric coupling constant 1136 can be determined. It is found that 1136 decreases by 2% kbar-1 and that c66 first increases then decreases with increasing pressure. The latter effect may be associated with a possible pressure induced phase transition.
Selective Cortical and Hippocampal Volume Correlates of Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in Alzheimer Disease

Objective: To examine whether each of the 5 Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) scores related to magnetic resonance imaging—derived volumes of specific cortical or limbic brain regions in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Design: Relations between DRS measures and regional brain volume measures were tested with bivariate and multivariate regression analyses. Setting: The Aging Clinical Research Center of the Stanford (Calif) University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and the Geriatric Psychiatry Rehabilitation Unit of the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. Patients and Other Participants: Fifty patients with possible or probable AD. Magnetic resonance imaging data from 136 healthy control participants, age 20 to 84 years, were used to correct brain volumes for normal variation arising from intracranial volume and age. Main Outcome Measures: The DRS scores and volumes of regional cortical gray matter and of the hippocampus. Results: Memory scores of the patients with AD were selectively related to hippocampal volumes. Attention and construction scores were related to several anterior brain volume measures, with attention showing a significantly greater association to right than left hemisphere measures. Initiation/perseveration scores were not significantly correlated with any measure of regional gray matter volume, but performance was related to prefrontal sulcal widening, with a greater association with the left than right sulcal volume. Conclusions: Certain DRS subtests are predictably correlated with selective regional brain volumes in AD. The specific relation between memory and hippocampal volumes and the nonsignificant relations between memory and regional cortical volumes suggest a dissociation between cortical and hippocampal contributions to explicit memory performance.
Adjustment of stores of carbon dioxide during voluntary hyperventilation.

Adjustments of body stores of carbon dioxide were studied during voluntary hyperventilation for 1 hour at a constant rate by trained subjects. Healthy men eliminated from their stores an average of 161 ml. of CO 2 per mm. of mercury decrease in mixed venous tension, corresponding to a partial dissociation slope for body stores of 2.05 ml./mm./kg. Increasing the respiratory minute volume by about 50 per cent for 1 hour produced elimination of 1.5 to 2.5 liters of CO 2 in excess of the metabolic production, which is a small part of the 100 or more liters estimated to be present in the body. The elimination of stores during a period of 1 hour did not appear to proceed at a single exponential rate, which is consistent with the presence of multiple storage sites or pools that exchange at different rates. In unsteady states, such as may exist during development of or recovery from CO 2 retention and narcosis, the arterial CO 2 tension may not adequately reflect the tissue levels.
Impact of interface relaxation on the nanoscale corrugation in Pb/Si(1 1 1) islands

Abstract The nanoscale hexagonal pattern observed in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) for 3-layer and 4-layer Pb islands on Si(1 1 1) is studied theoretically. We found that besides thickness the atomic rearrangement at the Pb/Si interface plays an important role in determining the STM patterns. Electronic structures of the Pb film on Si(1 1 1) obtained from fully relaxed and unrelaxed Pb films are qualitatively different. Simulated STM images for Pb films with different stacking also show that the corrugation patterns are sensitive to the buried Pb–Si interfacial structure.
Paternal behavior in the california mouse, Peromyscus californicus

Parental behavior was observed in Peromyscus californicus parasiticus that had been live trapped as adults and bred in the laboratory. Both male and female parents spent more time in the nest with their pups when their mate had left the nest or had been removed from the cage. Both parents gathered and cared for scattered pups equally readily. These data are interpreted as indicating that male P. californicus participate in the care of their pups.
United States Railroad Policy: Uncle Sam at the Throttle

This study of government policy toward railroads in the United States focuses on the present and the near future, while not ignoring the past. Chapter one raises some general issues and provides definitions. Chapter two focuses in more detail on the political economy of railroading. It delves further into policital economy in general, examines the specific parameters of the American political economy, then turns to the nature of rail transportation and its interrelationship with the political and economic cultures of the United States. Chapter three moves into the extended case briefs. It looks at the history of the American political economy of railroading and isolates the roles and legacies of public policies, especially government regulation of railroads from the beginnings of that technology to the present. It looks at the choices made (and the choices not made) in the political economy. Then, using those choices, it turns to Conrail and Amtrak (and less explicitly public and/or less enduring railroad institutions and issues) and compares them and contrasts them with past choices and with other models and issues already developed in the analysis. The second part of this book focuses on the normative aspects of rail public policy and is both descriptive and predictive. Chapter four examines the policy options of the political economy of U.S. railroading in the present and the near future. The final chapter, the most normative of all, assesses the lessons we ought to learn from deregulation, quasi-nationalization, and other public policies in contemporary American railroading. The chapter concludes with prescriptions about the role the government (and other legitimate actors) should play in the policial economy of U.S. rail transportation for the remainder of this century. It links the ideas raised in this chapter with the descriptions and prescriptions in the remainder of the work. No claim is made for the absolute validity of these ideas. They are offered in the spirit of a contribution to a long and vital discourse in political economy and political theory. An Index is provided.
Properties of Fiber Flocs with Frictional and Attractive Interfiber Forces.

Abstract Theory and experiment suggest that the flocculation of non-Brownian, flexible fibers in flowing viscous media arises from the mechanical entanglement of fibers. We probe the role of frictional and attractive interfiber forces on fiber entanglement using a recently developed particle level simulation technique. With frictional and repulsive interparticle forces only, simulations capture flocculation in 0.125% by volume suspensions of fibers with properties similar to those of softwood pulp fibers. Here, model fibers elastically interlock—flocculation tendency and floc coherency are directly linked to elastic energy storage in fibers. By applying only repulsive and attractive interparticle forces of various strengths, sheared suspensions attain similar degrees of aggregation, and similar floc strengths, as in suspensions with interfiber friction. However, in the absence of interfiber friction, model fibers do not elastically interlock. We find friction to be an essential element in elastic entanglement of fibers. Simulations suggest that effective formation aids in papermaking should reduce interfiber friction under normal force loadings of 1–10 μN.
Effects of processing parameters in P/M steel forging on part properties: A review part I powder preparation, compaction, and sintering

In the last decade, powder metallurgy (P/M) technology has made marked advances in competitive manufacturing. P/M offers design opportunities that are not possible with other methods, as well as significant cost savings. In the automotive industry, P/M forgings are being developed for applications requiring good high- cycle fatigue properties. The processing parameters, material characteristics, individual stages of compaction and parts production, deformation and densification mechanics and tooling, and preform design influence the properties of the P/M part and related economics. Therefore, a review of the various parameters involved in the different stages of P/M steel forging in net-shape manufacturing and their implications on resulting properties of the P/M parts is presented in a three part review. Key parameters in steel powder preparation, compaction, and sintering of P/M forging and their effect on part properties are described in Part I. Part II discusses issues of forging the sintered compact, and Part III reviews currently available analysis methods for studying the powder forging process.
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Migration Strategy for U.S. Operational Naval Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC)

The Commander Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (COMNAVMETOCCOM) manages a scope of activities that sponsor, create, operate, and maintain capabilities that support the operational goals of Naval Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC). Effective and efficient Naval METOC operations require partnerships and collaborations within the U.S. Navy, with external U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Federal agencies, and with military allies and coalition partners. Partnerships are or will be supported by the integration of operational processes, functional capabilities, and data useful in multiple contexts. The U.S. DoD has followed the global industry base in adopting a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) architectural pattern as the best technical approach to integration of processes, functionality, and data in heterogeneous, cross-organizational, technical environments. Naval METOC is a domain in the U.S. DoD enterprise that provides critical environmental characterization of the battlespace along with associated impacts on platforms, sensors, weapons, people, and warfighting missions and operations. This information must be efficiently and effectively produced and integrated into sensor systems, warfighter systems and decision processes. It is imperative, therefore, that all Naval METOC information technology (IT) programs that are essential for continued operations and/or business processes migrate towards an SOA environment. The level of migration will vary depending on the resources available and the need for agile integration with internal and external systems. An effective migration requires a clear understanding of the end state SOA environment and its impacts on IT, as well as the current readiness of Naval METOC to make the required transformation. A strategy that matches these assessments with available financial and human capital resources in the Naval METOC domain and the level of acceptable risk must be articulated. This paper first summarizes the value proposition of Naval METOC for the U.S. warfighter, IT transformation requirements in moving toward a SOA environment, and the end state SOA architecture for Naval METOC. Given this target migration environment, the remainder of the paper describes a strategy that manages SOA migration via a cost, complexity, and risk (CCR) model of the IT project portfolio that is required to support transformation to a domain-wide SOA. Finally, specific technical and management guidance for Naval METOC transformation projects is summarized.
Gas permeability of a new silicone ring polymer: Isotactic poly(phenyl silsesquioxane)

Etude de la permeabilite de O 2 et N 2 a 25°C et de Co 2 et CH 4 a 35°C a basse pression dans des couches minces de poly(phenyl silsesquioxane) [Si(OSi≡)(Ph)-O-Si(OSi≡)(Ph)]n. La selectivite pour le systeme CO 2 /CH 4 est nettement superieure a celle observee avec d'autres polysiloxanes alors que la selectivite pour le couple O 2 /N 2 est seulement legerement superieure. Malgre sa structure cyclique, ce polymere n'est pas un tamis moleculaire
Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the persistence of ocean surface slick microlayer pressure

Coastal seawater was collected on incoming high tides at the Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science. 3.51 of water was transferred to a plexiglass bubble-tank and aerated for 30 sec at a flow rate of 4.0 ml/min per cm2 of water surface area (158 cm2) using glass frits producing bubbles of 203 +/- 61 micrometers diameter. The surface pressure was then determined using calibrated spreading oils of known spreading pressure. After cleaning the seawater surface thoroughly, the water was re-aerated and allowed to stand for 1 to 3 hours in the absence and presence of longwave (365 nm) or shortwave (254 nm) ultraviolet (UV) light, both having an intensity of approximately 300 +/- 25 (mu) W/cm2. In the absence of UV radiation, the surface pressure fell to approximately 64% of its initial value after 1 hour of standing and to approximately 63% of its initial value after 3 hours. Comparable results were obtained in the presence of longwave UV exposure. Under shortwave UV radiation, the decline in surface pressure was substantially accelerated; becoming 55% of the initial value after 1 hour and 35% of the initial value after 3 hours.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Optical properties of micromachined polysilicon reflective surfaces with etching holes

MUMPS (Multi-User MEMS Process) is receiving increasingly wide use in micro optics. We have investigated the optical properties of the polysilicon reflective surface in a typical MUMPS chip within the visible light spectrum. The effect of etching holes on the reflected laser beam is studied. The reflectivity and diffraction patterns at five different wavelengths have been measured. The optical properties of the polysilicon reflective surface are greatly affected by the surface roughness, the etching holes, as well as the material. The etching holes contribute to diffraction and reduction of reflectivity. This study provides a basis for optimal design of micromachined free-space optical systems.
THE POLICY IMPACT OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PROCEDURES: A Comparative State Study

This article represents an effort to assess empirically some of the hypotheses suggested in the citizen participation literature. Selected measures of the strictness of state environmental regulati...
Motility effects of opioid peptides in dog intestine

Six opioid peptides, like morphine, were found to produce dose-dependent contractions of dog isolated intestine when administered as intraarterial boluses. The increases in incidence and amplitude of intestinal contractions were antagonized by naloxone. The rank order of potency of the opioid agonists tested was D-Ala2-met-enkephalinamide greater than D-Ala2-leu-enkephalinamide greater than met-enkephalin greater than beta-endorphin 1-31 greater than morphine greater than morphiceptin greater than dynorphin 1-13. The contractions induced by two opioid agonists displayed differential sensitivity to blockade by tetrodotoxin (TTX). Met-enkephalin was barely affected by concentrations of TTX that markedly reduced responses to morphiceptin. Some portion of the motility effect of metenkephalin may be exerted directly on intestinal smooth muscle.
Maurice Moonitz: The Consummate Professional

The editors are reintroducing Memorials also known as Intellectual Obituaries into Accounting Horizons. The first Memorial reintroduced was in the September 2010 issue, recognizing the intellectual contributions of Philip W. Bell. Prior to this Memorial, a previous Memorial was published in the March 1987 issue, recognizing the intellectual contributions of Edward Stamp. The intent of these Memorials is to honor recently deceased academics who made significant and lasting intellectual contributions to the field of accounting and also to keep their contributions alive. Professor Stephen Zeff, of Rice University, raised and championed this idea through the Executive Committee and Publications Committee of the American Accounting Association. Professor Zeff, in conjunction with the co-editors of Accounting Horizons, identifies the individuals to be honored. He selects the authors to prepare the Memorials and edits the submitted manuscripts.
Enhancement of flux pinning by Pr doping in Y 1 − x Pr x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ (0≤ x ≤0.4)

Magnetic relaxation measurements in a magnetic field of 5 kOe at temperatures 5 K \ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}90 K have been made on the system ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ for 0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.4. The measurements reveal two peaks in the normalized logarithmic decay of the magnetization S as a function of temperature for the full range of Pr concentrations studied. The occurrence of the second peak in S could be a reflection of the softening of the flux lattice on approaching the melting line. Both the pinning energy at 27 K and the intragranular critical current density at 10 K exhibit maxima at x\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.1--0.2, with values that are about twice the corresponding values at x=0.
Plasma Diagnostics using Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy Combined with Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) is a sensitive absorption spectral technique and capable of measuring absolution concentration of species in a variety of environments. In recent years, CRDS has been increasingly applied for plasma diagnostics. Through measurements of high resolution spectral linewidths of selected species, plasma gas kinetic temperature and electron density profiles can be determined from the lineshape broaden components (Lorentzian and Doppler components). Determination of the distribution of particular chemical species, such as transient radicals, can help understand plasma associated chemistry. Plasma thermo-equilibrium status can be evaluated by simultaneously analyzing ringdown-based absorption and optical emission spectra of a diagnostic agent in the plasma. This talk presents three powerful approaches for plasma diagnostics: analysis of linewidth broadening of selected optical transitions, determination of density distribution profile of chemical species, and simultaneous measurements of absorption and emission spectra. Additionally, the advantages and challenging issues of CRDS for plasma diagnostics will be discussed.
The Blondie25 Chess Program Competes Against Fritz 8.0 and a Human Chess Master

Previous research on the use of coevolution to improve a baseline chess program demonstrated a performance rating of 2650 against Pocket Fritz 2.0 based on 16 games played (13 wins, 0 losses, 3 draws). The resultant program, named Blondie25, did not use any rules for managing the time allocated per move; it simply used three minutes on each move. Heuristics to more effectively manage time were developed by trial and error, play testing against Fritz 8.0. The best heuristics discovered were different for black and white. The results of 12 games played on each side were 1 win, 4 losses, and 7 draws for black, and 2 wins, 6 losses, and 4 draws for white. Fritz 8.0 is rated currently at 2752 (plusmn20) on SSDF (the acronym for the Swedish Chess Computer Association), placing it as the 12th strongest program in the world. At the time of the contest between Blondie25 and Fritz 8.0, Fritz 8.0 was rated #5 in the world. The results are the first case of an evolved chess program defeating a world-class chess program (three times). The performance rating for Blondie25 against Fritz 8.0 was 2635.33, which compares well with the previous performance rating of 2650 against Pocket Fritz 2.0. Blondie25 was then tested against a nationally ranked human chess master, rated 2301. In four games, Biondie25 won three and lost one
Ultraviolet light carcinogenesis in hairless mice: cell kinetics during induction and progression of squamous cell carcinoma as estimated by the double-labeling method.

The double-labeling method for studying cell cycle kinetics was applied to uninvolved epidermis of hairless mice (irradiated and unirradiated), and at various stages of ultraviolet light (UVL)-induced squamous cell carcinoma. The growth fraction (GF) was determined by continuous labeling with tritiated thymidine ([ 3 H]TdR). The data indicate that the double-labeling technique is an acceptable method for studying cell kinetics in UVL-induced squamous cell carcinoma. The GF in normal epidermis (unirradiated and irradiated), hyperplastic epidermis, and lesions of squamous cell carcinoma is 1. The duration of cell generation (T c ) and DNA synthesis (T s ) periods decreased progressively with induction and progression of squamous cell carcinoma. For normal epidermis (irradiated mice) the T c and T s were 91 and 6.3 hr, respectively. In the hyperplastic epidermis, the T c and T s were reduced to 44 and 4.5 hr, respectively, while even lower values were obtained for the tumor (T c = 16 hr, T s = 3.1 hr). The labeling index (LI) in normal epidermis was 7% and increased progressively in hyperplastic epidermis (10%) and squamous cell carcinoma (19%). Epidermal cell differentiation in hyperplastic and tumor tissues appears to have been delayed (GF = 1), since cells above the basal layer, which in normal epidermis keratinize, retain the ability to proliferate, as evidenced by extensive incorporation of [ 3 H]TdR in these cells. The results suggest that tumor production is associated with a progressive shortening of the cell cycle and delayed keratinization of epidermal cells.
Somatic hybrids produced between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. hirsutum

Abstract Somatic hybrids were produced between three processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) lines and Lycopersicon hirsutum. A simple fusion and culture procedure permitted the regeneration of 18 hybrids after fusion between leaf protoplasts of the wild species and etiolated hypocotyl protoplasts of three processing tomato lines. The hybrids displayed intermediate morphological characteristics for leaf shape and size, trichome type and density, fruit shape and color, and flower structure. A majority of the hybrids contained 2n = 48 chromosomes and a nuclear DNA content approximating that of the sum of both parents'. All hybrids had inherited the cpDNA from the wild species but contained mtDNA from both parents. Some of the hybrids were fertile and produced abundant fruit and seed upon selfing.
Congenital monocytic leukemia: report of a case with cutaneous involvement, and review of the literature.

: Congenital leukemia is a rare disease that can become manifest soon after birth. Cutaneous involvement consists of red, brown, or purple papules and nodules, and confluent areas of purpura. The diagnosis is established by the presence of leukemic cells in biopsy specimens of bone marrow and involved skin, and by immunocytochemical characterization of these cells. We report a case of congenital monocytic leukemia with a normal karyotype, whose disease underwent temporary spontaneous regression.
Structural Characterization of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Electron Transport Layers by NEXAFS Spectroscopy

NEXAFS spectroscopy of conjugated polyelectrolytes used as the electron transport layer in polymer light-emitting diodes reveals a substrate-dependent accumulation of charged groups at the surface (see figure). The measurements are also consistent with a preferential orientation of tetrahedral counterions at the surface.
Portraits of frames: overcomplete representations with applications to image processing

ABSTRACT We present two methods for generating frames of a Hubert space 71. The firstmethod uses bounded operators on 7-1 to transform a frame into another frame of fli C fl The other method uses bounded linear operators on 12 to generate frames of 7-1. We characterize all the mappings that transform frames into other frames. We also show how to construct all frames of a given Hubert space 7-1 starting from any given frame. We show how to apply the theory to obtain shift-invarianttight frames, and shift-invariant tight multiresolution. We also show how to obtainscaling function and wavelets with prescribed properties. Finally, We discuss thenoise reduction properties of frames. 1. INTRODUCTION A frame {}nEz C ii of a signal space 7-1 (with a Hilbert space structure), is aset of functions satisfying (1) A Hv : < B fJvII, fl E Z where A and B are positive constants called frame bounds, and (., .) is the innerproduct in 1-1. This notion has been introduced by R. J. Duffin and A. C. Schaeffer8
East pacific ridge (2°S–19°S) versus nazca intraplate volcanism: Rare-earth evidence

Abstract Basalts from seamounts within the Nazca Plate representing intraplate volcanism, and the East Pacific Ridge between 19°S and 2°N have similar light rare earth depleted abundance patterns. Both intraplate and ridge basalts appear to have been derived from the low-velocity layer apparently depleted in large lithophile elements (DLVL). Nepheline-normative basalts and ferrobasalts occasionally occurring on the East Pacific Rise are shown to have also been derived from the same DLVL source. Furthermore, the rare-earth pattern similarity of nepheline-normative and tholeiitic basalts from the East Pacific Rise is best explained by distinct, pressure induced, conditions of partial melting of the DLVL source; whereas total rare-earth pattern enrichment and relative europium depletion of the ferrobasalts are consistent with shallow depth fractional crystallization during ascent.
Pregnancy-associated changes in the hemostatic system

Pregnancy, from implantation to parturition, presents unique and profound challenges to a women's hemostatic system. During pregnancy, potentially catastrophic bleeding can occur during implantation and endovascular trophoblast invasion of the maternal spiral arteries. The risk of hemorrhage reaches a peak during the third stage of labor when the placenta is shorn from the decidua basalis exposing 120 spiral arteries largely denuded of their smooth muscle, and thus, their ability to constrict in response to injury. These challenges are met by dramatic changes in the local uterine, and systemic hemostatic systems. The net effect of these changes is to increase the efficiency of clotting and to impair fibrinolysis. Unfortunately, they also lead to an increase in the prevalence of venous thromboembolism, which is otherwise uncommon in reproductive age women.
Aligned single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film transistor arrays for transparent electronics

The implementation of mechanically flexible and optically transparent nanoscale transistors could enable high definition, large-area, low-cost, low-power and light-weight active matrix displays. Transparent thin film transistors (TFTs) fabricated with semiconductor nanowires and a randomly aligned networks of carbon nanotubes have been previously reported. In this paper, we report fully transparent TFTs based on well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube transistor (SWCNT) arrays. These devices provides higher performance the prior nanowire/CNT network transparent devices, achieve -83% transparency on quartz substrate over the visible wave-length range and are suitable for integration with organic light emitting diodes.
Effect of saline iontophoresis on skin barrier function and cutaneous irritation in four ethnic groups.

Abstract The effect of saline iontophoresis on skin barrier function and irritation was investigated in four ethnic groups (Caucasians, Hispanics, Blacks and Asians). Forty healthy human volunteers were recruited according to specific entry criteria. Ten subjects, five males and five females, were assigned to each ethnic group. Skin barrier function was examined after 4 hours of saline iontophoresis at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm 2 on a 6.5 cm 2 area in terms of the measured responses: transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin capacitance, skin temperature and visual scores. There were significant differences in TEWL among the ethnic groups prior to patch application. TEWL at baseline in ethnic groups was in the rank order: Caucasian>Asian>Hispanic>Black. Iontophoresis was generally well tolerated, and skin barrier function was not irreversibly affected by iontophoresis in any group. There was no significant skin temperature change, compared to baseline, in any ethnic groups at any observation point. Edema was not observed. At patch removal, the erythema score was elevated in comparison to baseline in all ethnic groups; erythema resolved within 24 hours. Thus, saline iontophoresis produced reversible changes in skin barrier function and irritation in healthy human subjects.
Genetic markers, bone mineral density, and serum osteocalcin levels.

We evaluated five genetic markers for products that contribute to skeletal mineralization including the Sp1 polymorphism for type I collagen Ai (COLIA1), the vitamin D receptor (VDR) translation initiation site polymorphism, the promoter of the osteocalcin gene containing a C/T polymorphism, the estrogen receptor (ER) gene containing a TA repeat, and the polymorphic (AGC)n site in the androgen receptor. These markers were evaluated for their potential relationship with bone mineral density (BMD), measured by dual-energy X-ray densitometry, or its 3-year change. Additionally, potential associations of these genotypes and with baseline osteocalcin concentration or its 3-year change (assessed using radioimmunoassay) were evaluated. The study was conducted in 261 pre- and perimenopausal women of the Michigan Bone Health Study, a population-based longitudinal study of musculoskeletal characteristics and diseases. The polymorphic (AGC)n site in the androgen receptor showed a strong association with BMD of the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine and remained highly significant after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), oophorectomy/hysterectomy, oral contraceptive (OC) use and hormone replacement use (p < 0.001). The TA repeat at the 5′ end of the ER gene was associated with total body calcium (p < 0.05) after adjusting for BMI, oophorectomy and hysterectomy, and OC use. The frequency of oophorectomy and hysterectomy within selected genotypes explained much of the statistically significant association of the ER genotypes with BMD of the FN and spine. There was no association of measures of BMD or bone turnover with the Sp1 polymorphism for COLIA1, the VDR translation initiation site polymorphism, or the C/T promoter polymorphism of the osteocalcin gene. These findings suggest that sex hormone genes may be important contributors to the variation in BMD among pre- and perimenopausal women.
The Death of Data

The reader is asked to imagine a world without data, a world without method, a world without a hegemonic politics of evidence., a world where no one counts, a world without end.
Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Cancer Risk in Epidemiologic Studies with Residential Histories

Exploring spatial-temporal patterns of disease incidence identifies areas of significantly elevated risk and can lead to discoveries of disease risk factors. One popular way to investigate patterns...
Adhesion of Crystalline GeSbTe/TiN Interface Characterized by Four Point Bend, Nanoindentation, and Nanoscratch

Reversible structural phase change phenomenon of certain chalcogenide materials has been investigated extensively in the past decades. Among various phase change chalcogenide materials, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is the most studied material due to its superior optical, electrical and mechanical properties. One of the challenges in using GST is the poor adhesion between crystalline GeSbTe (c-GST) and the substrate, such as TiN. In this work, the adhesion of the c-GST/TiN interface of two samples deposited by different techniques was characterized using four-point bend, nanoindentation and nanoscratch techniques. The nanoindentation and nanoscratch data agree well with the four point bend data. The paper also discusses the application potential of nanoindentation and nanoscratch techniques as qualitative methods for adhesion evaluation in semiconductor process development.