cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron Microprobe Studies of the Hydration of 3CaO.SiO 2

THE hydration of tricalcium silicate (3CaO.SiO2) has been investigated with the electron microprobe in order to determine unequivocally the element distribution in the hydration products. Our earlier work using the electron microprobe to follow the hydration of 3CaO.Al2O3 and 3CaO.SiO2 was fruitful particularly with respect to 3CaO.Al2O3 (ref. 1). The present research extends the study to include an examination of long period hydration products of 3CaO.SiO2 and the application of different experimental techniques.
Predictors of Cultural Values Conflict for Asian Indian Women

This study explored the relationship between the family environments and coping styles and the cultural values conflicts of 110 Asian Indian women. Results indicated that women perceiving supportive family environments had less sex role conflict. Additionally, avoidant and emotion-focused coping predicted high conflict regarding intimate relations and sex role expectations. Implications are discussed. Este estudio exploro la relacion entre los entornos familiares y los estilos de afrontamiento y los conflictos en valores culturales de 110 mujeres de la India. Los resultados indicaron que las mujeres que perciben un entorno familiar que las apoya sufren menos conflictos con el rol de su sexo. Adicionalmente, el afrontamiento centrado en la evitacion y las emociones predijo un nivel de conflicto elevado relacionado con las relaciones intimas y las expectativas del rol de su sexo. Se discuten las implicaciones.
Sorption of americium on geologic media

Abstract The sorption of americium on 34 common rock forming and accessory minerals of igneous rocks has been measured from an artificial groundwater at ambient temperature. Preliminary results are given. For most of the minerals the distribution coefficient increased sharply with pH in the narrow pH range of 3–5, and then tended to level off and decrease at pH above 8–9. For minerals containing anions such as F‐, CO3 2‐, and PO4 3‐, indications of chemisorption were observed. Only for the clays and at low pH can the sorption predominantly be attributed to ion exchange, described by ideal ion exchange equations as indicated from measurements in 4 M NaCl solution.
Identification of required nutrient components of yeast nitrogen base for Candida shehatae ATTCC 22984 fermenting xylose to ethanol

Five components of Yeast Nutrient Base (YNB) of Difco have been identified as required nutrients for Candida shehatae ATCC 22984 in fermenting xylose to ethanol with ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen source. They are potassium phosphate monobasic, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, thiamine hydrochloride, and biotin. The fermentation results in the minimum medium containing only the five required nutrient components plus xylose and ammonium sulfate have been shown to be comparable to those in the full YNB plus xylose.
Dynamics of drops in branched tubes

The flow of two-dimensional deformable drops through branching (bifurcating) tubes is studied numerically using a boundary integral formulation. The undeformed drop diameter is assumed to be less than the tube diameter. Capillary numbers between 10−2 and 1 are considered. Flow in the branching tube is characterized by the fraction of fluid which enters each of the two downstream branches. The likelihood of drops entering the high-flow-rate branch increases as (i) the viscosity ratio between the drops and suspending fluid decreases, (ii) the capillary number increases, and (iii) the drop size increases. Hydrodynamic interactions between the suspended drops increase the number of drops which enter the low-flow-rate branch. The implications of these results for dispersion processes and local transport are explored. The disturbance flow created by drops passing over ‘dead-end’ pores or cavities results in fluid transfer between the pore and the free stream; suspensions may then be effective in improving the ‘cleaning’ of porous materials.
Free-volume hole distributions of polymers by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

Positron lifetime spectra of polymers have been resolved into continuous lifetime distributions with the aid of the Laplace inversion algorithm implemented in the CONTIN program. The free-volume hole size distributions are calculated from the o-Ps lifetime distributions based on the semi-empirical quantum mechanical model of a spherical hole. Due to various factors such as the statistics, instrument drift, and choice of the reference spectrum, the obtained lifetime distributions are only close to the real ones. Experiences in using the CONTIN program and experimental techniques in approaching the true free-volume distributions are discussed. A variety of free-volume distributions as a function of temperature, pressure, and aging rime in several polymers is reported, which are in good agreement with the current free-volume theories on polymers. This paper summarizes the results obtained at the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) during the past three years (1991-93)
Energy eigenvalues and matrix elements for the quartic oscillator

Abstract As a result of recent work, doubt has been expressed in regard to the accuracy of the tables of eigenvalues and matrix elements for the quartic oscillator published by Chan and Stelman. In the present work a calculation taking advantage of recent numerical techniques has verified the presence of inaccuracies in these tables, and corrections are provided. A discussion of the reasons for the inaccuracies and precautions for avoiding them in future work are included.
A novel surgical treatment for cesarean scar pregnancy: laparoscopically assisted operative hysteroscopy.

Objective To describe laparoscopically assisted hysteroscopy as a unique surgical intervention for a cesarean section scar ectopic pregnancy. Design Case report. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) A 44-year-old woman, pregnant at 5 weeks and 6 days' gestational age with a cesarean section scar ectopic pregnancy. Intervention(s) The patient underwent serial transvaginal ultrasound examinations with Doppler flow studies, followed by a laparoscopically assisted operative hysteroscopy for evacuating the cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. Main Outcome Measure(s) Conservation of the uterus, fertility preservation. Result(s) Successful conservative surgical treatment of cesarean section scar ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion(s) Conservative laparoscopically assisted operative hysteroscopy can be used successfully in hemodynamically stable patients with a cesarean section scar ectopic pregnancy.
Practical aspects of providing reliability in water distribution systems

Abstract Providing a high level of reliability at a reasonable cost is not simply a design problem, but requires the cooperation of design, operation, and maintenance personnel. This paper summarizes the state of the art in providing reliability in water distribution and gives some practical tips for improving reliability.
The synthesis of GaAs by molten salt electrolysis

Abstract Molten salt electrodeposition of gallium arsenide is reported the first time. Deposition occurred at 720–760°C, from a molten solution containing NaAsO 2 and Ga 2 O 3 in a B 2 O 3 -NaF solvent.
Can monkeys choose optimally when faced with noisy stimuli and unequal rewards

We review the leaky competing accumulator model for two-alternative forced-choice decisions with cued responses, and propose extensions to account for the influence of unequal rewards. Assuming that stimulus information is integrated until the cue to respond arrives and that firing rates of stimulus-selective neurons remain well within physiological bounds, the model reduces to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process that yields explicit expressions for the psychometric function that describes accuracy. From these we compute strategies that optimize the rewards expected over blocks of trials administered with mixed difficulty and reward contingencies. The psychometric function is characterized by two parameters: its midpoint slope, which quantifies a subject's ability to extract signal from noise, and its shift, which measures the bias applied to account for unequal rewards. We fit these to data from two monkeys performing the moving dots task with mixed coherences and reward schedules. We find that their behaviors averaged over multiple sessions are close to optimal, with shifts erring in the direction of smaller penalties. We propose two methods for biasing the OU process to produce such shifts.
Dyslipoproteinemia and xanthomatosis.

Abstract: The cutaneous markers associated with dyslipoproteinemia are reviewed in the context of the current view of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The utility of determining the plasma levels of lipoprotcins and certain apoproteins in children or adults with xanthomas or xanthelasma is discussed. We hope that early identification and appropriate treatment of such patients will reduce the morbidity and mortality from the two major complications of dyslipoproteinemia—atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis.
Average modelling of current-mode controlled converters: instability predictions

A stable DC-DC convener example is presented for which conventional average models predict instability. It is shown that the formalism of variable structure system theory provides a systematic procedure for deriving an average model which does not suffer this limitation. The new and conventional models are compared.
Treatment of Sprue with Synthetic L. casei Factor (Folic Acid, Vitamin M).

SummaryThe preliminary results here presented demonstrate that two cases of sprue have improved markedly following the parenteral administration of synthetic L. casei factor. It is reasonable to attribute the observed improvement to a specific effect of the substance administered, although one can not definitely rule out the possibility of spontaneous remissions in these patients.
Data Integration for Medical Information Management

We present a new method for data integration and security by mixing medical waveforms and images with encrypted patient identifiers and unencrypted ancillary information, such as acquisition parameters, diagnostic comments and notes in textual, pictorial, and voice forms. We vary the sampling rate according to the instantaneous frequency of the signal. Redundant samples (or pixels) are eliminated and replaced by associative data which are labeled using a status string encoded based on the Huffman and run-length techniques. This method achieves both data compression and integration simultaneously, allows synchronized presentation of information from different sources by using multimedia technology, and provides data security features.
Frequency-Modulated Lorentz Force Magnetometer With Enhanced Sensitivity via Mechanical Amplification

This letter presents a micromachined silicon Lorentz force magnetometer, which consists of a flexural beam resonator coupled to current-carrying silicon beams via a microleverage mechanism. The flexural beam resonator is a force sensor, which measures the magnetic field through resonant frequency shift induced by the Lorentz force, which acts as an axial load. Previous frequency-modulated Lorentz force magnetometers suffer from low sensitivity, limited by both fabrication restrictions and lack of a force amplification mechanism. In this letter, the microleverage mechanism amplifies the Lorentz force, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of the magnetometer by a factor of 42. The device has a measured sensitivity of 6687 ppm/(mA $\cdot $ T), which is two orders of magnitude larger than the prior state-of-the-art. The measured results agree with an analytical model and finite-element analysis. The frequency stability of the sensor is limited by the quality factor ( ${Q}$ ) of 540, which can be increased through improved vacuum packaging.
Detection of parallel executable steps for programs with arrays

The detection of informational and logical program step dependencies is a key problem when performing equivalent transformations. In this article we consider this problem for systems of loops which represent concentration of mass computations and are the biggest challenge in parallel execution. The prototype of program formalization is C language just because of it's popularity and it being an intermediate language for compilation of most programming languages including object-oriented ones. We present a shorter version of proof of existence of an algorithm for transforming any system of loops to separated form where data selection for processing is represented as a chain of procedures that select data at least for the immediately following procedures. Last procedure is called a loop kernel; other procedures are referred to as loop controllers. For such programs informational dependencies of loop iterations are determined by a system of natural number equations that connect loop controller functions and index expressions of array variables or array pointers. For the programs where these functions are linear, the solution of such systems is an algorithmically solvable problem. For more complex cases, for example when the functions are arbitrary polynomials, the problem is algorithmically unsolvable. This result points a way to construct programming languages with algorithmically detectable parallelism in the loop kernels. We introduce a notion of data fullness for program classes as ability to select array data elements with any algorithmic function. This characteristic is different from an algorithmic fullness for the classes-class may be full in one sense but not in another.
Farewell and kudos.

It is with great excitement and anticipation that I assume the role of Editor-in-Chief of Seminars in Interventional Radiology in 2012. It is also with some trepidation and a sense of anxiety that I assume the reins from someone as accomplished as Dr. Brian Funaki, who has led the journal for the past 6 years. During Dr. Funaki's tenure, he brought the journal to new heights: the journal has more subscribers than ever before in its history; it has recently been listed for Pubmed; he initiated the popular “How I Do It” section of the journal; and he has been instrumental in the initial efforts to make the journal more global in scope. In short, it will be difficult to follow in his shoes…. The goals for the journal over the next several years revolve around advancing the journal to new heights. Although already widely recognized as the premier review journal in interventional radiology, there are always new missions to address and objectives to reach. One change that has already occurred is a realignment of the Editorial Board. The new board is constituted by leaders in the field of interventional radiology in the United States, Europe, and Asia. The board has also been aligned along a service line concept, with board members assuming responsibility for a service line specific to their fields of expertise. In addition, we are pleased to announce that Drs. Gaojung Teng and Michael Lee have assumed the roles as the Asian and European editors, respectively. In addition to the change in the Editorial Board, the journal is making a dedicated effort to become more global in scope. While the specific changes that the journal will undergo to accomplish this objective are not yet mature, it is agreed at the board level as well as the Thieme home offices that this globalization will be priority one. It is an exciting time for the journal and its readership. I look forward to being a part of the next several years of growth in the journal, and in helping to advance the field of interventional radiology as a whole.
Volume exclusion and H-bonding dominate the thermodynamics and solvation of trimethylamine-N-oxide in aqueous urea.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and urea represent the extremes among the naturally occurring organic osmolytes in terms of their ability to stabilize/destabilize proteins. Their mixtures are found in nature and have generated interest in terms of both their physiological role and their potential use as additives in various applications (crystallography, drug formulation, etc.). Here we report experimental density and activity coefficient data for aqueous mixtures of TMAO with urea. From these data we derive the thermodynamics and solvation properties of the osmolytes, using Kirkwood–Buff theory. Strong hydrogen-bonding at the TMAO oxygen, combined with volume exclusion, accounts for the thermodynamics and solvation of TMAO in aqueous urea. As a result, TMAO behaves in a manner that is surprisingly similar to that of hard-spheres. There are two mandatory solvation sites. In plain water, these sites are occupied with water molecules, which are seamlessly replaced by urea, in proportion to its volume fraction. We discuss how this result gives an explanation both for the exceptionally strong exclusion of TMAO from peptide groups and for the experimentally observed synergy between urea and TMAO.
Building the US National Fusion Grid: results from the National Fusion Collaboratory Project

The US National Fusion Collaboratory Project is developing a persistent infrastructure to enable scientific collaboration for all aspects of magnetic fusion research. The project is creating a robust, user-friendly collaborative software environment and making it available to more than 1000 fusion scientists in 40 institutions who perform magnetic fusion research in the United States. In particular, the project is developing and deploying a national Fusion Energy Sciences Grid (FusionGrid) that is a system for secure sharing of computation, visualization, and data resources over the Internet. The FusionGrid goal is to allow scientists at remote sites to fully participate in experimental and computational activities as if they were working at a common site thereby creating a virtual organization of the US fusion community. The project is funded by the USDOE Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program and unites fusion and computer science researchers to directly address these challenges.
Cancer genetic counselor information needs for risk communication: a qualitative evaluation of interview transcripts.

Personalized medicine is a model of healthcare that is predictive, personalized, preventive and participatory (“P4 Medicine”). Genetic counselors are an ideal group to study when designing tools to support cancer P4 Medicine activities more broadly. The goal for this work was to gain a better understanding of the information cancer genetic counselors seek from their patients to facilitate effective information exchange for discussing risk. This was an analysis of a qualitative data set from interviews of eight cancer genetic counselors, recruited from three institutions. Genetic counselors at each site were interviewed using a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire. A selective coding approach was used to determine major themes associated with genetic counseling information needs for communicating risk. We generated a model for understanding categories of genetic counseling information needs to support risk communication activities. Common activities for risk communication included risk assessment and tailoring communication. Categories of information needs included: (a) clinical patient characteristics, (b) social and cognitive patient characteristics and (c) patient motivation and goals for the genetic counseling session. A logical next step is for this model to inform the design of software systems for pre-visit patient planning and delivering just-in-time educational information to facilitate cancer risk communication activities.
Cohabiting partners’ economic circumstances and marriage

Past studies of the transition to marriage generally have relied on information about only one individual or have attempted to measure characteristics of potential spouses indirectly. Drawing on data from the two waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), we examine the effects of economic circumstances of both partners in cohabiting unions on the transition to marriage. Focusing on both partners in a relationship affords a more direct test of the relative importance of men’s versus women s economic circumstances. Our findings suggest that only the male partner’s economic resources affect the transition to marriage, with positive economic situations accelerating marriage and deterring separation. Our results imply that despite trends toward egalitarian gender-role attitudes and increasing income provision among women, cohabiting men s economic circumstances carry far more weight than women’s in marriage formation.
Etiology of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1D/1E determined by laser capture microdissection proteomics

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1D/1E (OMIM nomenclature LGMD1D, Human Gene Nomenclature Committee LGMD1E), a skeletal and cardiac myopathy, has previously been linked to chromosome 6q23. We used laser capture microdissection to isolate cytoplasmic inclusions from skeletal muscle from a patient with LGMD1D/1E, performed mass spectrometry-based proteomics on these minute inclusions, and identified through bioinformatics desmin as their major constituent. Sequencing in this patient and family members identified the genetic basis of the previously reported 6q23 linked LGMD1D/1E to be due to an intron splice donor site mutation (IVS3+3A>G) of the desmin gene located on chromosome 2q35.
Temporal modulation sensitivity of the blue mechanism: Measurements made without chromatic adaptation

Abstract A standard procedure for isolating the behavior of visual channels fed by blue cones is to reduce the sensitivity of the red and green cones with longwave light to which the blue cones are virtually insensitive. We have tested the hypothesis that this procedure may distort the unadapted behavior of the blue cone system by its influence upon opponent channels. Using tritanopic metamers (439 and 492 nm), sinusoidally modulated in counterphase, more than 90% modulation of blue cones is possible, delivered in the presence of a minimal (and steady) activation of red and green cones. We find that the use of yellow light, at illuminances sufficient to isolate blue cones, seriously reduces and significantly distorts the modulation sensitivity function of the blue-cone system, for reasons unrelated to the direct absorption of longwave photons by blue cones. The reduction of sensitivity is minimal at 4 Hz and greater at both lower and higher frequencies of modulation.
Structural and physiological studies of paraquat-resistant Conyza

Abstract Structural and physiological studies were conducted with a population of Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. that segregates into paraquat-resistant and -susceptible biotypes. Leaf disks from resistant seedlings, when incubated on 10 μ M paraquat for 24 hr, exhibited little difference from the control disks incubated on H 2 O as measured by conductivity change, malondialdehyde formation, or plastid ultrastructure. Leaf disks from the susceptible seedlings incubated on 10 −5 M paraquat for 24 hr were uniformly bleached, had elevated malondialdehyde content, and leaked more electrolytes than control disks. Plastids of the susceptible biotype incubated on 10 −5 M paraquat for 24 hr were swollen organelles with gross rearrangements of the lamella system. Most of the chloroplasts from the central area of the leaf disk of the resistant biotype incubated on a paraquat solution were structurally normal. Swollen plastids and plastids with twisted lamellae were also noted, although much less frequently. Plastids from the edges of the leaf disks of paraquat-resistant clones were structurally similar to those found throughout the leaf disks in susceptible seedlings. When the size of the leaf disk was increased, paraquat-resistant clones exhibited more “resistance” toward paraquat compared to similar-sized leaf disks of the susceptible seedlings. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the paraquat-resistant seedlings have an altered uptake and/or compartmentalization of paraquat. Superoxide dismutase isozymes, which were previously considered to be related to paraquat resistance in Conyza , did not correlate with the segregation of paraquat resistance in this population.
DISSOCIATION BETWEEN PLASMA ADRENAL ANDROGENS AND CORTISOL IN CUSHING'S DISEASE AND ECTOPIC ACTH-PRODUCING TUMOUR: RELATION TO ADRENARCHE

To assess the effect of chronic hypersecretion of corticotropin (ACTH) and other peptides derived from proopiomelanocortin , and of cortisol, on plasma adrenal androgen concentration, plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (delta 4 A), and cortisol were measured in 14 children and adolescents with Cushing's disease, a 9-year-old boy with an ectopic ACTH-producing tumour, and a group of normal, age-related individuals. The plasma DHEA-S concentration was normal for chronological age in 9 of 12 patients and for bone age in 7 of 10 patients. The plasma DHEA level was normal for chronological age in 12 of 14 patients and for bone age in 8 of 10 patients. In contrast, the concentration of plasma delta 4 A was raised for chronological age in 6 of 13 patients and for bone age in 7 of 10 patients. All patients had raised plasma cortisol levels in the afternoon and other laboratory and clinical signs of hypercortisolism. In the boy with an ectopic ACTH-producing tumour, plasma DHEA-S was moderately raised, plasma DHEA was normal, and plasma delta 4 A was very high. This patient's plasma ACTH levels ranged from 1340 to 1520 pg/ml and the cortisol levels from 51 to 95 micrograms/dl. The findings suggest that a factor other than ACTH is also required for adrenal androgen secretion. Since the other proopiomelanocortin -related peptides--ie, the N-terminal peptide (1-76), beta-endorphin (beta-EP), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH), and gamma-lipotropin (gamma-LPH)--are raised in the plasma of patients with Cushing's disease, one of these is unlikely to be that putative factor.
Coherence, truth and knowledge

Etude du debat sur l'objectivite de la connaissance redefini par L. Alcoff dans le sens de la these du coherentisme robuste developpee dans son ouvrage intitule «Real knowing: new versions of the coherence theory» (1996). Soulignant le lien entre l'epistemologie et la reflexion sur le pouvoir et le desir chez Gadamer, Davidson, Foucault et Putnam, l'A. montre que L. Alcoff defend la position du realisme immanent selon lequel la verite est relative a son contexte historique. L'A. distingue cette these de trois autres theories de la verite: l'idealisme absolu, le deflationnisme et la theorie de la verite-correspondance
Interpolation in the unit ball ofCn

A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a discrete multiplicity variety in the unit ballBn ofCn to be an interpolating variety for weighted spaces of holomorphic functions inBn.
Organic copper and chromium complexes in the interstitial waters of Narragansett Bay sediments

Abstract Dissolved organic copper and chromium complexes were measured in both overlying and interstitial waters of Narragansett Bay and mesocosm sediments using C18 reverse-phase liquid chromatography and atomic absorption spectroscopy. In the interstitial and overlying waters, the isolation procedure recovered 22–67% of the total dissolved copper, 23–55% of the total dissolved chromium and 14–40% of the dissolved organic carbon. The distribution of both total and organic copper decreased with depth in the cores and exhibited a subsurface maximum near the zero Eh level (z = 2–4 cm). Below that depth, both forms of copper continued to decrease until an apparent equilibrium with sulfide minerals was established (7–8 cm). Dissolved chromium exhibited a different geochemistry, with both total and organic chromium increasing in concentration with depth in the cores, possibly due to remobilization from some mineral phase such as chromic hydroxide or chromite.
Personal, social, and physical environmental correlates of physical activity in rural African-American women in Alabama.

Abstract Background Physical inactivity is prevalent among African-American women in rural Alabama. The purpose of this study was to explore personal, social, and physical environmental factors associated with activity to help plan interventions. Methods As part of the Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project, telephone surveys were collected from African-American women residing in three rural counties. The women reported the number of minutes engaged in moderate or vigorous activities and were categorized into the following groups: (1) inactive (no moderate or vigorous activities), (2) insufficient (not meeting recommendations), and (3) meets recommendations (engaged in moderate activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes or vigorous activity three times per week for at least 20 minutes). Logistic regression modeling was used to identify personal, social, and physical environmental factors associated with the more active groups. Results Among the 567 women who were classified in physical activity groups, 221 (39%) met the recommendations, 260 (46%) were insufficiently active, and 86 (15%) were inactive. In the adjusted model, the social environmental factors associated with women meeting the recommendations (versus inactive) were attending religious services and seeing people exercise in the neighborhood. Attending religious services, knowing people who exercise, and a higher social issue score were associated with women who reported any activity (versus inactive). No physical environmental factors were associated with the more active groups. Conclusions Social environmental factors were associated with higher levels of activity and need to be considered when planning interventions. More research is needed to identify associations between specific aspects of the social environment and physical activity behaviors.
A model of the N-person dilemma-type game

As in the two-person case, the N-person “Dilemma-Type” Game (N≥3) involves a conflict between maximizing personal gain (individual interests) and maximizing mutual gain (social welfare). However, the N-person case has greater generality and applicability to real-life situations, and is a prototype of many critical problems facing society (e.g., environmental pollution, overpopulation, ecology). A descriptive model of the N-person case is proposed, and it is shown that the two-person Prisoner's Dilemma game is a special case of the model. The predictions of the model are shown to be consistent not only with the empirical results of two-person and N-person games, but with the derivations of several normative (prescriptive) models of the N-person case.
Durability study on sputtered indium tin oxide thin film on Poly Ethylene Terephthalate substrate

This paper discusses the durability of the DC-Magnetron sputtered Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films on 127-μm Poly Ethylene Terephthalate substrate under harsh environmental conditions and high cyclic bending fatigue. Two sets of experiments were conducted on a 60 Ω per square ITO sheet. The first set of experiments was conducted on samples with different temperature and humidity combinations while being subjected to cyclic bending fatigue loadings. The other set of experiments was conducted on samples with the same combinations of temperature and humidity but without bending fatigue loading. Design of experiments tool was used to study the effect of temperature, humidity, bending fatigue and the interaction among them on the percent change in electrical resistance of the ITO film. It was found that bending fatigue is the dominant factor to the electrical failure of ITO thin film. The failure was also influenced by temperature and humidity, especially combined high temperature and high humidity. Therefore, it is suggested that controlling the environmental factors during the roll to roll manufacturing process is crucial on quality of the products.
Removal of large and small biliary duct stones.

Large biliary stones of 2.0 cm size are difficult to extract with the catheter basket technique of Burhenne. A special four-wire snare basket was made and the T-tube tract was dilated to 26 French in order to extract large stones. A new technique of flushing and aspiration was used to extract small stones.
Indentation responses of time-dependent films on stiff substrates

A viscous-elastic-plastic indentation model was extended to a thin-film system, including the effect of stiffening due to a substrate of greater modulus. The system model includes a total of five material parameters: three for the film response (modulus, hardness, and time constant), one for the substrate response (modulus), and one representing the length-scale associated with the film-substrate interface. The substrate influence is incorporated into the elastic response of the film through a depth-weighted elastic modulus (based on a series sum of film and substrate contributions). Constant loading- and unloading-rate depth-sensing indentation tests were performed on polymer films on glass or metal substrates. Evidence of substrate influence was examined by normalization of the load-displacement traces. Comparisons were made between the model and experiments for indentation tests at different peak load levels and with varying degrees of substrate influence. A single set of five parameters was sufficient to characterize and predict the experimental load-displacement data over a large range of peak load levels and corresponding degrees of substrate influence.
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty of the "Culprit Lesion" for Management of Unstable Angina Pectoris in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

The efficacy of 1-vessel percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) directed at the presumed angina-producing stenosis, or "culprit lesion," in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) was assessed in 27 patients with unstable angina refractory to optimal medical therapy. Eighteen patients had 2-vessel and 9 had 3-vessel CAD. The culprit lesion was identified in all patients by analysis of the qualitative appearance of the coronary lesions and detection of angiographic evidence of plaque fissuring or coronary thrombosis. Intracoronary filling defects were evident in 26% and eccentric stenoses with irregular edges were noted in 41% of patients. Subtotal obstructions were seen in 33%. Confirmation of the identity of the culprit lesion was also available in 78% of patients by analysis of the pattern and distribution of spontaneous electrocardiographic changes. The PTCA primary success rate was 89%, with no procedure-related complications. All patients in whom PTCA was successful had immediate resolution of their unstable angina. Follow-up of the successfully treated patients after a mean of 16 months (range 12 to 20) showed maintenance of long-term clinical improvement, with only 17% of patients having recurrent angina. These data suggest that 1-vessel PTCA of the culprit lesion may serve as a feasible therapeutic option in the treatment of selected patients with multivessel CAD and unstable angina.
Contribution of Active Videogame Play to Physical Activity Among College Students.

Abstract Background: Fewer than half of college students meet physical activity (PA) recommendations. Active videogames (AVGs) may increase PA. The contribution that AVGs make to total PA is unknown. This study aimed to examine the contribution of AVG play to total PA and to compare sedentary, light, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) on game-days and non–game-days. Materials and Methods: For 1 week, the PA of 42 students (mean age, 20.4±1.3 years) was assessed by accelerometry. During this week an AVG was played one to three times, for 30 minutes each. The percentage contribution of AVG play to MVPA was calculated. To compare PA on game-days versus non–game-days, t tests were used. Results: Students performed an average of 47.2±32.0 minutes of MVPA/day, during the monitored weekdays. MVPA during AVG play contributed 4.8±8.1 percent to total MVPA on game-days. The percentage of time spent in moderate PA was significantly higher on game-days (4.9 percent) than on non–game-days (3.3 percent). Con...
Energy storage devices using spinable CNT sheets

Our focus is on designing and synthesizing nanostructured materials having high specific capacitances. To achieve this, we have electrodeposited ultrathin films and/or nanoparticles of manganese oxides (MnOx) onto sheets of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using either the linear potential sweep or potentiostatic methods. The morphology and electrochemical properties of the resulting composites depend on the amount of MnOx deposited and deposition conditions. The best composites obtained to date have large specific capacitances (C sp ≤ 1250 F/g), high charge/discharge rate capabilities, and excellent cyclic stability. High performance composites result from both the enhanced surface area and enhanced electron-transport capabilities of MnO x nanoparticles as well as the superior conductivity of the CNT sheets. Related composites are envsioned as electrodes for lithium batteries and super-capacitors.
Impacts of the Los Angeles Retrofit Ordinance on Residential Buildings

Abstract The Los Angeles Earthquake Hazards Reduction Ordinance, enacted in 1981 required owners of all unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings to comply with retroactive seismic standards. Among the 8100 URM buildings are approximately 1600 residential buildings with 46,000 housing units. As of March 1991, 55% are complete, 13% are in progress, 12% have been demolished and 20% have not complied. Data kept by the city shows the average cost per unit to be about $6000, and the average rent increase for tenants to be $67 per month, a 14‐26% increase over pre‐retrofit rents. Less than one‐third of the owners completing the retrofit have applied for rent increases. Only 6% of the completed buildings have received financing assistance from the city. Two‐thirds of the residential building owners appear to be finding the financing to complete the retrofit without assistance from the city but the remaining one‐third of the units are at risk because owners are unable or unwilling to undertake the required work. Tenan...
Standards for computer arithmetic

A set of standards for the design of the arithmetic unit of all general purpose digital computers has been proposed. This paper discusses that proposal and suggests that such standards are not now in the best interest of either the computer industry or the computer user.
Kinetics and Deactivation of Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts for Butane Isomerization

Reaction kinetics studies were conducted ofn-butane and isobutane isomerization over sulfated zirconia at 423 K. The kinetic data can be described well by a rate expression based on a reversible, bimolecular surface reaction between two adsorbedn-C4species, probably through a C8intermediate, to produce onei-C4species, as well as surface reaction between two adsorbedi-C4species to produce onen-C4species. This reaction sequence also describes well the rates of C4-disproportionation reactions to produce C3and C5species. The initial rate of catalyst deactivation is faster duringn-butane isomerization than during isobutane isomerization, and the longer-term rate of deactivation duringn-butane isomerization increases with the pressure ofn-butane. The more rapid catalyst deactivation duringn-butane isomerization may be related to the formation ofn-C4-diene species.
Influence of Dyadic Interaction on Creative Functioning.

Two experiments, one with college students and the other with 5-yr.-old children as Ss, were conducted to test the hypothesis that dyadic interaction will facilitate the production of original ideas among individuals. 20 college Ss were administered 4 tasks from the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking under standard conditions; 20 others randomly assigned to dyads from the same population were tested under the same conditions except that they were encouraged to hitchhike on one another's ideas but forbidden to repeat an idea produced by the other. Similarly, 24 5-yr.-olds were tested alone and 22 of their randomly selected classmates were tested in dyads. Results indicate that dyadic interaction facilitated originality of thinking but the differences are stronger for the college students than for the 5-yr.-olds.
Numerical simulation of a shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction in a duct

A numerical investigation of the interaction of an incident oblique shock wave with a turbulent duct flow is presented. The investigation consists of solving the three-dimensional, unsteady, compressible, mass averaged Navier-Stokes equations, using an implicit finite volume, lower-upper time marching code and incorporates the three-dimensional Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model. Computed results are obtained Mach number 2.9 for a turning angle of 13 degrees and Reynolds number based on duct width of 1.36 x 10 exp 7. Under various inlet conditions, the results clearly depict the flow characteristics, including the shock geometry, the separated flow region, the wall pressure distribution, and the skin friction distribution. The findings provide a physical understanding of the three-dimensional vortex structure of the flow in a duct in which a shock wave interacts with a turbulent boundary layer. The results show that the ratio of the boundary layer thickness to the duct width is the critical parameter in determining the separation structure.
Effects of hyperosmolar solutions of polyethylene glycol, dextran or mannitol on enzyme release from perfused rat hearts

Abstract The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG), mannitol and dextran on the osmotic properties of solutions, and the effects of hyperosmolar solutions of these oncotic agents on swelling of tissue slices and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) release from Langendorf-perfused rat hearts were studied under oxygenated and anoxic conditions and after reoxygenation following an anoxic interval. Mannitol solutions exhibited nearly ideal osmotic behavior, while both solutions of dextran and PEG showed marked deviations from ideal behavior. Hypertonic dextran and PEG solutions prevented both anoxic and cold-induced swelling of tissue, while mannitol only slightly reduced tissue swelling. Anoxic enzyme release was reduced by PEG, but not by dextran. Hypertonic perfusion media containing either mannitol or dextran, but not PEG, caused cell damage and CPK release from rat hearts during oxygenated perfusions. All these oncotic agents reduced both cell swelling and oxygen-induced CPK release, suggesting that cell swelling may be important in mediating this injury. The role of cell swelling in anoxic enzyme release cannot be determined from these experiments because of the possible superimposed cytotoxic effects of dextran and mannitol.
A dislocation model for the plastic relaxation of the transformation strain energy of a misfitting spherical particle

Abstract A dislocation approach is developed to explain the dependency of the plastic zone size on precipitate size and misfit for a spherical misfitting particle. The dislocation model is predicated upon the punching and mutual interaction of dislocation prismatic loops and is used to explain the presence of both prismatic loops and dense tangles of dislocations surrounding the precipitate. The plastic zone is modeled as a series of concentric dislocation loop shells which can climb and glide in such a way as to minimize the energy of the system; the extent of climb and glide being limited by the critical resolved shear stress of the matrix phase. It is found that plastic zone size is a strong function of particle size. As particle size increases, the ratio of plastic zone radius to particle radius increases. For large particles, plastic zone radii approach the predictions of earlier work in which the three dimensional elasto-plastic problem for a misfitting sphere was solved exactly using the Prandtl-Reuss equations and von Mises yield criterion.
Heterodyne serrodyne with high sideband suppression via time division multiplexing for arbitrary waveform generation

A novel time division multiplexing technique has been incorporated with optical serrodyne phase modulation to generate a single microwave tone with up to 1 MHz tunability. Sideband spurs due to finite phase reset time in ordinary serrodyne phase modulation have been suppressed to more than 40 dB below the carrier. These results show that endless phase modulation can easily be achieved using this novel technique.
Prevalence of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in a Sample of Hunter-Harvested White-tailed Deer from a Tri-County Area in Northeastern Wisconsin

Heads from 78 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were donated for study during the 1985 Wisconsin gun hunting season. The intra-cranial nervous tissue was examined for Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. Prevalences were calculated for the total sample and for the portion of the sample which had no intra-cranial trauma. The prevalences thus calculated were 58% and 75%, respectively.
Goal selection versus process control while learning to use a brain–computer interface

A brain–computer interface (BCI) can be used to accomplish a task without requiring motor output. Two major control strategies used by BCIs during task completion are process control and goal selection. In process control, the user exerts continuous control and independently executes the given task. In goal selection, the user communicates their goal to the BCI and then receives assistance executing the task. A previous study has shown that goal selection is more accurate and faster in use. An unanswered question is, which control strategy is easier to learn? This study directly compares goal selection and process control while learning to use a sensorimotor rhythm-based BCI. Twenty young healthy human subjects were randomly assigned either to a goal selection or a process control-based paradigm for eight sessions. At the end of the study, the best user from each paradigm completed two additional sessions using all paradigms randomly mixed. The results of this study were that goal selection required a shorter training period for increased speed, accuracy, and information transfer over process control. These results held for the best subjects as well as in the general subject population. The demonstrated characteristics of goal selection make it a promising option to increase the utility of BCIs intended for both disabled and able-bodied users.
Optimal Allocation of Testing Effort Considering Software Architecture

The growing dependence of society on software systems places a high premium on their reliable operation. Moreover, the stringent reliability expectations imposed on these systems must be achieved despite their increasing size and complexity, and decreasing resources available for their development and maintenance. To mitigate these dual challenges, a systematic approach to guide the allocation of resources to the components of a software system is necessary. This paper presents an optimization framework which considers the contribution of each component to system reliability to determine the amount of effort to be allocated to each component, towards the ultimate objective of achieving the specified system reliability target with minimal effort. We assume that the contribution of a component to system reliability is governed by two factors: the system architecture, and the effort-reliability relationship of the component. This characterization is referred to as “architecture-based optimization” because it considers the system architecture explicitly in the effort allocation process. It is demonstrated that the architecture-based optimization framework outperforms other effort allocation strategies, including equal component weighting, and expert opinion.
Current-driven excitations in magnetic multilayer nanopillars from 4.2 K to 300 K

We report direct experimental evidence of an energy threshold for spin-transfer-induced magnetic excitations in Co/Cu/Co nanopillars from temperature dependent measurements of current-induced excitations. The current threshold of excitations decreases when the temperature is increased from 4.2 to 300 K. However, the product of the current threshold and the pillar resistance stays almost temperature independent up to a temperature of $\ensuremath{\sim}150\mathrm{K}.$ This behavior supports the energy-threshold mechanism for spin-transfer-induced magnetic excitations.