cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HIV-1, human interaction database: current status and new features

The ‘Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), Human Interaction Database’, available through the National Library of Medicine at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/viruses/ retroviruses/hiv-1/interactions, serves the scientific community exploring the discovery of novel HIV vaccine candidates and therapeutic targets. Each HIV-1 human protein interaction can be retrieved without restriction by web-based downloads and ftp protocols and includes: Reference Sequence (RefSeq) protein accession numbers, National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene identification numbers, brief descriptions of the interactions, searchable keywords for interactions and PubMed identification numbers (PMIDs) of journal articles describing the interactions. In addition to specific HIV-1 protein–human protein interactions, included are interaction effects upon HIV-1 replication resulting when individual human gene expression is blocked using siRNA. A total of 3142 human genes are described participating in 12 786 protein–protein interactions, along with 1316 replication interactions described for each of 1250 human genes identified using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Together the data identifies 4006 human genes involved in 14 102 interactions. With the inclusion of siRNA interactions we introduce a redesigned web interface to enhance viewing, filtering and downloading of the combined data set.
Order selection for heteroscedastic autoregression: A study on concentration

We consider an autoregressive model where the variance is allowed to be a function of time, unconditional on the past. Potscher (1989) has proven that, regardless of the shape of the variance function, order selection can be made consistently. However, this procedure does not account for the non-stationary behavior. We consider the concentration of the variance function and its effect on order selection. We show that an order free estimate of the variance function can be constructed and propose an order selection criterion based on this estimate. Consistency is established and simulation results verify a large increase in the probability of selecting the correct order for finite samples.
Ecological Thresholds and Resilience in Streams

Ecological thresholds and resilience are powerful heuristics for understanding how lotic ecosystems change. Ecosystems may exist in self-organized states based on their taxonomic composition or the range of ecosystem functions, which are influenced by environmental drivers such as thermal or hydrologic regimes, channel morphology, and availability of nutrients. Changes in these underlying drivers may exceed an ecosystem’s ability to maintain its characteristic attributes and shift the system into alternative states of organization, which are often regarded as degraded or undesired. The boundaries where transitions occur are known as ecological thresholds and often show a rapid ecosystem response across a relatively small change in the environmental driver. Resilient ecosystems have the capacity to retain attributes in the face of disturbances. However, at some disturbance magnitude an ecosystem may become altered, and the magnitude necessary for a regime shift decreases as resilience declines. While ecological resilience remains largely metaphorical in lotic ecosystems, we describe some approaches for identification and assessment.
Traumatic life events prior to alcohol-related admission of injured acute care inpatients: a brief report

Objective: Approximately 30 million Americans present to acute care medical settings annually after incurring traumatic injuries. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms are endemic among injury survivors. Our article is a replication and extension of a previous report documenting a pattern of multiple traumatic life events across patients admitted to Level I trauma centers for an alcohol-related injury. Method: This study is a secondary analysis of a nationwide 20-site randomized trial of an alcohol brief intervention with 660 traumatically injured inpatients. Pre-injury trauma history was assessed using the National Comorbidity Survey trauma history screen at the six-month time point. Results: Most common traumatic events experienced by our population of alcohol-positive trauma survivors were having had someone close unexpectedly die, followed by having seen someone badly beaten or injured. Of particular note, there is high reported prevalence of rape/sexual assault, and childhood a...
Development of rAAV2-CFTR: History of the First rAAV Vector Product to be Used in Humans

The first human gene therapy trials using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors were performed in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Over 100 CF patients were enrolled in 5 separate trials of rAAV2-CFTR administration via nasal, endobronchial, maxillary sinus, and aerosol delivery. Recombinant AAV vectors were designed to deliver the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene and correct the basic CFTR defect by restoring chloride transport and reverting the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. However, vector DNA expression was limited in duration because of the low incidence of integration and natural airway epithelium turnover. In addition, repeated administration of AAV-CFTR vector resulted in a humoral immune response that prevented effective gene transfer from subsequent doses of vector. AAV serotype 2 was used in human trials before the comparison with other serotypes and determination that serotypes 1 and 5 not only possess higher tropism for the airway epithelium, but also are capable of bypassing the binding and trafficking processes-both were important hindrances to the effectiveness of rAAV2. Although rAAV-CFTR gene therapy does not appear likely to supplant newer small-molecule CFTR modulators in the near future, early work with rAAV-CFTR provided an important foundation for later use of rAAV in humans.
Actors’ Responses to Outcomes in Exchange Networks: The Process of Power Development

Leading theories of power in exchange networks make assumptions about actors' reactions to being included in or excluded from exchanges. These assumptions, that actors consistently included increase their demands oni others and that actors consistently excluded decrease their demands, provide the behavioral mechanism by which structural differences in position convert into power advantages or disadvantages. We test these assumptions with data gathered by experiment from five differenit networks. We find that while actors generally respond as assumed, the parameters of response to inclusioni and to exclusion are not symmetric, depend oni the level of experience of the subjects, and initeract both with type of nietwork (strong power versus weak power) anid with
Understanding the Bond of Identification: An Investigation of its Correlates among Art Museum Members:

Identification is defined as the “perceived oneness with or belongingness to an organization” of which the person is a member. The authors propose that customers, in their role as members, identify...
Three-Pion decays of the η-meson

The reduced spectra and sector distribution for the decay mode η→π+π-π0 have been calculated using a model in which thes-wave andp-wave pion-pion interactions are dominated by the contributions from the e and ρ mesons. These distributions are determined by a single parameter which also fixes the branching ratio R=Γ(η→π0π0 0/Γ(η→π0π+π-). A comparison with the predictions of other models for the pion-pion interaction emphasizes the need for improved experimental data which can distinguish nonlinear effects.
Influence of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone on estrous behavior in cattle.

A two-trial experiment was conducted to determine the influence of ACTH on estrous behavior in cattle. In Trial 1, Holstein heifers (n = 20) received an injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) during a synchronized diestrus and 30 h later were allotted randomly to receive (i.m.) either 1) 4 mL of gelatin (Veh) or 2) 320 units of ACTH in 4 mL of gelatin (ACTH). Eleven days after the PGF injection, all heifers were again injected with PGF, and they received either Veh or ACTH to complete a cross-over design. Treatment with ACTH decreased (P less than .05) the duration of estrus (12.0 +/- 1.9 vs 18.0 +/- 1.6 h for Veh) and increased (P less than .001) the interval to estrus after PGF injection (62.9 +/- 2.6 vs 43.7 +/- 2.2 h for Veh). Peak serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) and cortisol (C) were elevated (P less than .001) after ACTH compared with Veh. In Trial 2, ovariectomized Holstein cows (n = 12) were injected (i.m.) with .5 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and, 10 h later, were allotted randomly to receive (i.m.) either 1) 4 mL of gelatin (Veh) or 2) 320 units of ACTH in 4 mL of gelatin (ACTH). Seven days after the initial EB injection, all cows were again injected with .5 mg of EB and, 10 h later, received either Veh or ACTH to complete a cross-over design. Treatment with ACTH decreased (P less than .01) the proportion of cows in estrus (2/12 vs 11/12 for Veh) and increased (P less than .01) peak serum concentrations of P4 and C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4 The occurrence of lateral ankle sprains in collegiate athletes with and without chronic ankle instability

Background Lateral ankle sprains occur at a high rate in competitive athletics. Following an ankle sprain, residual symptoms and recurrent injuries often persist. This can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI) and eventually osteoarthritis. Therefore, understanding the magnitude of these long term issues is critically important to healthcare providers. Objective To determine the prevalence of CAI in Division I college athletes and any potential relationship between the presence of CAI and subsequent ankle sprain occurrence. Design Case-control study. Setting Division I Athletics Department. Participants A total of 462 college athletes participated in this study (184 males, 278 females, age = 19.5 ± 1.3 years, height = 178.4 ± 0.7 cm, body mass = 73.7 ± 10.5 kg). All participants completed the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) survey to determine presence of CAI. Individuals scoring ≥11 on the IdFAI were classified as having CAI, and those scoring Interventions Frequency of ankle injury along with descriptive information (e.g. side, grade, etc…) was tracked for all participants for an academic year. Main outcome measurements Frequency of ankle sprains. A non-parametric c 2 test of independence was used to determine the presence of an association between CAI status and subsequent ankle sprain occurrence. A priori alpha was set a p Results Of the athletes included in this study, 40.5% (n = 187) had CAI. Of all 462 athletes there were 58 athletes who sustained an ankle sprain during the academic year; of those 58 ankle sprains 35 (60.3%) were identified as having CAI at the beginning of the study. There was a significant association between CAI status and the presence of sustaining an ankle injury during the academic year (c 2 (1) = 10.9, p = 0.001). Conclusions Similar to previously published results, there is a high prevalence of CAI in collegiate athletes. These data provide support that athletes with CAI have a significant association with sustaining an ankle sprain during the athletic season.
Groups and algebraic complexity

In recent years, concepts from group theory have played an important role in the derivation of lower bounds for computational complexity. In this talk we present two new results in algebraic complexity obtained with group-theoretical arguments. We show that any algebraic computation tree for the membership question of a compact set S in Rn must have height Ω(log(βi(S)))−cn for all i, where βi are the Betti numbers. We also show that, to compute the sum of n independent radicals using logarithms, exponentiations and root-takings, at least n operations are required. (The second result was obtained jointly with Dima Grigoriev and Mike Singer.) This talk will be self-contained.
Chiral matrix model for the phase transition in QCD

Abstract We discuss how to model chiral symmetry restoration with an effective theory of deconfinement. The model includes fluctuations in the quarks to one loop order, while the mesons of the sigma model are treated in mean field approximation. We note that a new counterterm is required at T = 0 , and a novel form of symmetry breaking at T ≠ 0 . We discuss how to incorporate tetraquark states, representing J P = 0 + scalar mesons, into a linear sigma model. We suggest that their effect upon the chiral phase transition is small.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN :TAKSONOMI BLOOM DALAM GAMES SIMULATION METHOD DI TINGKAT RAUDHATUL ATHFAL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi pembelajaran: games simulation method (metode simulasi permainan) menggunakan taksonomi Bloom. Pengajaran bahasa untuk anak usia dini memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan bahasanya. Strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk membuat anak didik merasa senang dan tanpa beban adalah dengan games simulation method. Taksonomi Bloom adalah alat bagi pendidik untuk mengembangkan kemampuan bahasa secara terstruktur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka. Taksonomi Bloom memiliki 4 kategori yaitu kategori pengetahuan, kategori analisis, kategori sintesis, dan kategori evaluasi. Keempat kategori ini sangat bagus diberikan dengan games simulation method karena akan memancing anak untuk memperluas kosakata yang dimilikinya dengan pengalaman yang menyenangkan berupa permainan. Selain itu, kegiatan ini tidak akan membuat anak tertekan untuk melakukan aktivitas belajar. This study aimed to describe learning strategies: the games simulation method using Bloom's taxonomy. Language teaching for early childhood plays an important role in language development. Learning strategies which used to make students feel happy and carefree is the games simulation method.Bloom's Taxonomy is a tool for educators to develop language skills in a structured way. This study is a library research. The Bloom’s Taxonomy questions have 4 categories such as: the knowledge, analysis category, synthesis category, and evaluation category. This all categories are excelent given with games simulation method because it will make student to wider his vocabularies which is they have with a nice experience in games form. Besides that, this activities will not make student under pressure doing learning activities.
Three-Dimensional Nipple-Areola Tattooing

The technique of three-dimensional (3D) nipple-areola complex (NAC) tattooing is a significant advance in obtaining improved esthetic results for women undergoing breast reconstruction. The application of 3D techniques or “realism” in tattoo artistry has significant potential to improve the esthetic outcomes of reconstructive surgery. Traditional coloring techniques for NAC tattooing ignore the artistic principles of light and shadow to create depth on a two-dimensional surface. The method presented in this article is essentially the inverse of traditional technique and results in a more realistic and 3D reconstruction that can appear better than surgical methods. When combined with surgical nipple reconstruction in appropriate patients, excellent results can be achieved. Overall, plastic surgeons have just begun to explore the possible applications of medical tattoos in plastic surgery that may allow us to enhance the esthetic results of not only breast reconstruction but other areas alike.
Ongoing ostomy self-care challenges of long-term rectal cancer survivors

Surgical treatment for rectal cancer (RC) can result in an intestinal ostomy that requires lifelong adaptation and investment of physical, cognitive, and financial resources. However, little is known about the extent of ongoing challenges related to ostomy self-care among long-term RC survivors. We analyzed the prevalence of self-reported ostomy self-care challenges and the physical and environmental factors that can support or undermine ostomy self-care. We mailed surveys to long-term (≥ 5 years post-diagnosis) RC survivors, including 177 adults with ostomies who were members of integrated health systems in northern California, Oregon, and Washington State. Potential participants were identified through tumor registries. Data were also extracted from electronic health records. The response rate was 65%. The majority of respondents were male (67%), and the mean age was 75 years. Sixty-three percent of respondents reported at least one ostomy self-care challenge. The most common challenges were leakage or skin problems around the ostomy and needing to change the pouching system too frequently. Twenty-two percent reported difficulty caring for their ostomy. Younger age and higher BMI were consistently related to ostomy self-care challenges. The majority of RC survivors reported ostomy-related self-care challenges, and 31% experienced problems across multiple domains of ostomy self-care. In addition, most survivors reported significant physical challenges that could lead to ostomy-related disability. Although the participants surveyed had access to ostomy care nurses, the care gaps we found suggest that additional work is needed to understand barriers to ostomy care, reduce unmet needs, and improve well-being among this group.
Etiology, Electrophysiology, Myocardial Energy Mechanics, and Treatment of Bradyasystole

Bradyasystole is a term encompassing many different types of rhythms meeting the following definition: any electrical rhythm that has a ventricular rate below 60 beats per minute (bpm) in adults and/or periods of absent heart rhythm (asystole). A bradyasystolic state is a clinical condition in which the predominant cardiac rhythm can be classified as bradyasystole. Bradyasystolic rhythms other than asystole may be accompanied by a pulse. A bradyasystolic rhythm even with a pulse is frequently a precursor to cardiac arrest (CA) and requires prompt intervention. Some of the causes of bradyasystole are the same whether or not a pulse is present. More commonly bradyasystole occurs without a pulse. Bradycardic rhythms without a pulse are one group of many different types of rhythms described as pulseless electrical activity (PEA).
Attempts to Correct Age-Related Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity by Cellular and Dietary Manipulation in Inbred Mice

The association of immunologic malfunction with aging has been viewed in several ways. The immunologic theory of aging, first clearly stated by Walford (1969), has been extensively promulgated by Burnet (1970b). This theory states that the immune system is essential to maintenance of health and that, to a major extent, the integrity of the immune system determines survival. Further, Walford has maintained that the immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of many of the diseases that occur in aging man and animals and may actually be involved in the pathogenesis of the aging process itself.
Keldysh Approximation Revisited

The Keldysh approximation,1 introduced in 1964, is important as the first intense-field approximation method designed for bound-state problems. The method is to treat photodetachment from a bound state by assuming that the dynamics of the detached electron are dominated by the applied field, and hence to describe the detached electron by a Volkov wave function. The Volkov wave function is an exact solution for a free, charged particle in a plane-wave electromagnetic field.
Genetic load and its causes in long-lived plants

Many long-lived plant taxa are characterized by relatively high genetic load levels. This genetic load is manifested as the proportion of offspring that are physiologically handicapped to various degrees. It is proposed that the majority of this load is mutational load and is a consequence of the higher per generation mutation rates that occur in long-lived plants. Higher per generation mutation rates are a result of the chemostat-like accumulation of mutations in the apical initials as the plant grows. Genetic load, therefore, is a function of the postzygotic accumulation of mutations as well as mutations inherited from previous generations.
Application of signature strengths at work: A dual-level analysis

Each individual possesses character strengths, the most significant of which are classified as signature strengths. With a sample of 164 individuals who were employed at least part-time in a variet...
Ampacity Analysis of Buried Cables Based on Electromagnetic-thermal Finite Element Method

Ampacity of cable system is crucial for cable project design and electric power supplementation. Owing to the heat-resistance property of the material, temperature distribution is the key point of cable capacity, and it is a coupling problem which involves the electromagnetic-thermal multi-physics fields. To solve this problem, the finite element method was studied, and compute program is developed by the authors which contains the modeling, meshing, calculation and results displaying. Cables could be modeled in layering way and Delaunay triangularization is adopted to gain good meshing grids which can satisfy the calculation of cable system. Dichotomy is used to search the cable ampacity and the coupling program will iterate automatically to gain the current when the highest cable conductor temperature is 90°C. Temperature distribution on nodes is shown in point style and the results show that the errors against the results calculated using IEC60287 is small, and the proposed method can compute the ampacity of buried cable system well.
Enhancement of the carbohydrate content in Spirulina by applying CO2, thermoelectric fly ashes and reduced nitrogen supply.

Abstract This study focused on evaluating whether the injection of CO2, which is associated with the use of thermoelectric fly ashes and a reduced supply of nitrogen, affects the production of intracellular carbohydrates from Spirulina. For this purpose, the addition of 0.25 g L−1 of NaNO3, along with a 10% (v v−1) of CO2 injection, a flow rate of 0.3 vvm for 1 or 5 min, as well as 0, 120 and 160 ppm of fly ashes, was studied. The assays with 120 ppm of fly ashes presented the best kinetic parameters and CO2 biofixation rate, regardless of the CO2 injection time. Meanwhile, the experiments with 120 and 160 ppm of fly ash and CO2 injection for 1 min presented 63.3 and 61.0% (w w−1) of carbohydrates, respectively. Thus, this study represents an important strategy to increase the accumulation of carbohydrates in Spirulina, with potential application in the production of bioethanol.
Predictable irrationality in managerial accounting: Does knowledge overcome cognitive biases of undergraduate students?

Managerial accounting teaches students to make rational decisions by evaluating sunk costs, incremental costs, and opportunity costs. The behavioral literature suggests that biases and heuristics o...
The Tissue-Supported Sling Suture: Technique and Clinical Applications.

Introduction Continuous and interrupted sling sutures (ISSs) are used around teeth in contemporary periodontics. However, conventional ISSs depend upon favorable tooth morphology for stability through the early healing period. The purpose of this report is to present a variation of the classic ISS that does not rely on favorable tooth morphology. Case series Tissue-supported sling sutures (TSSs) were used for six patients undergoing root coverage, gingival augmentation, or pontic site development (guided bone regeneration) procedures. Conclusions Although techniques such as vertical mattress suturing may support greater coronal flap advancement, the TSS technique does maintain coronal flap position while minimizing trauma to papillae. TSS stability is independent of tooth morphology and may offer clinicians flexibility in achieving reliable closure over hard and soft tissue implants. Like mattress sutures, TSSs reduce tension at the crestal incision line in tissue grafting procedures.
Advancing the integration of ecosystem services and livelihood adaptation

Around the world today, the magnitude and rates of environmental, social, and economic change are undermining the sustainability of many rural societies that rely directly on natural resources for their livelihoods. Sustainable development efforts seek to promote livelihood adaptations that enhance food security and reduce social-ecological vulnerability, but these efforts are hampered by the difficulty of understanding the complexity and dynamism of rural livelihood systems. Disparate research avenues are strengthening our ability to grapple with complexity. But we are only just beginning to find ways to simultaneously account for problematic complexities, including multiscalar feedbacks in the ecosystems that that support livelihoods, the heterogeneous benefits garnered by different segments of society, and the complex contingencies that constrain people's decisions and capacities to adapt. To provide a more nuanced analysis of the dynamics of transformation in rural livelihood systems, we identified key complementarities between four different research approaches, enabling us to integrate them in a novel research framework that can guide empirical and modeling research on livelihood adaptation. The framework capitalizes upon parallel concepts of sequentiality in (1) ecosystem services and (2) livelihood adaptation scholarship, then incorporates principles from (3) adaptation in social-ecological systems research to account for the dynamism inherent in these often rapidly-transforming systems. Lastly, we include advances in (4) agent-based modeling, which couples human decisions and land use change and provides tools to incorporate complex social-ecological feedbacks in simulation studies of livelihood adaptation. Here we describe the new Ecosystem Services – Livelihood Adaptation (ESLA) framework, explain how it links the contributing approaches, and illustrate its application with two case studies. We offer guidance for its implementation in empirical and modeling research, and conclude with a discussion of current challenges in sustainability science and the contributions that could be gained through research guided by the ESLA framework.
A Robustified Posterior for Bayesian Inference on a Large Number of Parallel Effects

Many modern experiments, such as microarray gene expression and genome-wide association studies, present the problem of estimating a large number of parallel effects. Bayesian inference is a popula...
Diet quantity influences caste determination in honeybees (Apis mellifera)

In species that care for their young, provisioning has profound effects on offspring fitness. Provisioning is important in honeybees because nutritional cues determine whether a female becomes a reproductive queen or sterile worker. A qualitative difference between the larval diets of queens and workers is thought to drive this divergence; however, no single compound seems to be responsible. Diet quantity may have a role during honeybee caste determination yet has never been formally studied. Our goal was to determine the relative contributions of diet quantity and quality to queen development. Larvae were reared in vitro on nine diets varying in the amount of royal jelly and sugars, which were fed to larvae in eight different quantities. For the middle diet, an ad libitum quantity treatment was included. Once adults eclosed, the queenliness was determined using principal component analysis on seven morphological measurements. We found that larvae fed an ad libitum quantity of diet were indistinguishable from commercially reared queens, and that queenliness was independent of the proportion of protein and carbohydrate in the diet. Neither protein nor carbohydrate content had a significant influence on the first principle component 1 (PC1), which explained 64.4% of the difference between queens and workers. Instead, the total quantity of diet explained a significant amount of the variation in PC1. Large amounts of diet in the final instar were capable of inducing queen traits, contrary to the received wisdom that queen determination can only occur in the third instar. These results indicate that total diet quantity fed to larvae may regulate the difference between queen and worker castes in honeybees.
The neurofibromatosis type I gene promotes autophagy via mTORC1 signalling pathway to enhance new bone formation after fracture

Bone fracture is one of the most common injuries. Despite the high regenerative capacity of bones, failure of healing still occurs to near 10% of the patients. Herein, we aim to investigate the modulatory role of neurofibromatosis type I gene (NF1) to osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and new bone formation after fracture in a rat model. We studied the NF1 gene expression in normal and non-union bone fracture models. Then, we evaluated how NF1 overexpression modulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, autophagy activity, mTORC1 signalling and osteoclastic bone resorption by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunostaining assays. Finally, we injected lentivirus-NF1 (Lv-NF1) to rat non-union bone fracture model and analysed the bone formation process. The NF1 gene expression was significantly down-regulated in non-union bone fracture group, indicating NF1 is critical in bone healing process. In the NF1 overexpressing BMSCs, autophagy activity and osteogenic differentiation were significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, the NF1 overexpression inhibited mTORC1 signalling and osteoclastic bone resorption. In rat non-union bone fracture model, the NF1 overexpression significantly promoted bone formation during fracture healing. In summary, we proved the NF1 gene is critical in non-union bone healing, and NF1 overexpression promoted new bone formation after fracture by enhancing autophagy and inhibiting mTORC1 signalling. Our results may provide a novel therapeutic clue of promoting bone fracture healing.
Abstract 12717: Enhance Negative Modulation of Beta3-Adrenergic Stimulation on Cardiomyocyte Functional Performance, [Ca2+]i Regulation and β-Adrenergic Reserve in Rats Expressing Human Angiotensinogen Gene

Background: Transgenic rats expressing the human angiotensinogen gene [TGR (hAogen) 1623] (hAogen) exhibit sustained hypertension and systolic dysfunction associated with altered cardiac renin-angi...
Global existence for the stochastic Navier–Stokes equations with small $$L^{p}$$ L p data

We consider the stochastic Navier–Stokes equations in $${\mathbb T}^{3}$$ with multiplicative white noise. We construct a unique local strong solution with initial data in $$L^p$$ , where $$p>5$$ . We also address the global existence of the solution when the initial data is small in $$L^p$$ , with the same range of p.
The Political Origins of the 'Tragedy of the Commons' Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, 2000-2012

The politics behind common-pool resource management are not well-understood. Using detailed satellite imagery data, I examine the effects of local political competition on deforestation across municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon, 2000-2012. I use the competitive of elections at higher levels of government to construct a shift-share instrument for causally estimating municipal politics competition. The results show that although the median voter in the Amazon has a strong preference for environmental conservation, local political competition causally increases deforestation. Drawing on qualitative interviews with bureaucrats and activists, I illustrate the ways in which "activist fatigue" and bureaucratic turnover explain this effect. Political turnover induces accompanying turnover in local bureaucratic structures, discouraging activists from mobilizing for conservation. To further test this mechanism, I code an original database of local protests and show that the findings cannot be explained by prominent alternative mechanisms related to partisanship, federal monitoring of local governments, nor local agricultural development. The analysis provides systematic and causal evidence of the political origins of the "tragedy of the commons.''
Flourishing after addiction: An invited commentary on the McGaffin et al. (2015) study

The readers of this journal do not need me to tell them about the public health importance of alcohol and other substance abuse. This Commentary accompanies a Research Paper also published in Addic...
Thermal analysis of a fireplace using ANSYS

The Finite Element analysis of a fireplace using ANSYS is presented in this document, along with the steps which have led up to its final design. The intention of this analysis is to determine the feasibility of moving from an experimentation oriented design process, where different prototypes in a fireplace’s design stage are built, operated, and analyzed over the course of many months to determine an optimum design for the fireplace, to an analytical design process, where the majority of the design work is done using computer software. By making this move from experimental methods to analytical methods, a manufacturer can expect to save both time and money. First, a brief introduction to the basics of heat transfer and fluid flow are presented to introduce the reader to some of the terminology that will be used in this document, along with some general information about the fireplace model being presented. The analysis and results are then presented starting from initial testing to determine the effects of varying thickness on a materials thermal response, continuing to initial simplified designs of the fireplace and determining boundary conditions, and ending with the full 2-dimensional transient analysis and solution of the fireplace with comparisons made to experimental data provided for this particular fireplace.
Histone H3K4 demethylases are essential in development and differentiation.

Lysine histone methylation is one of the most robust epigenetic marks and is essential for the regulation of multiple cellular processes. The methylation of Lys4 of histone H3 seems to be of particular significance. It is associated with active regions of the genome, and in Drosophila it is catalyzed by trithorax-group proteins that have become paradigms of developmental regulators at the level of chromatin. Like other histone methylation events, H3K4 methylation was considered irreversible until the identification of a large number of histone demethylases indicated that demethylation events play an important role in histone modification dynamics. However, the described demethylases had no strictly assigned biological functions and the identity of the histone demethylases that would contribute to the epigenetic changes specifying certain biological processes was unknown. Recently, several groups presented evidence that a family of 4 JmjC domain proteins results in the global changes of histone demethylati...
Medical Surveillance, Frequent Sets, and Closure Operations

Surveillance of hospital-acquired infections, especially those caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, is an important component of hospital infection control. A computer program for this purpose experienced a combinatorial computational explosion in time and space when processing data describing certain multi-drug resistant organisms. The blowup occurred while the program was generating frequent sets, a common phase in data mining algorithms. We present a modified algorithm for computing frequent sets that more efficiently handles the computational burden. The algorithm's proof of correctness involves the concepts of closure, independent sets, and circuits in a space more general than a matroid. Of central concern in the theory are inferences about a closure operation that can be obtained from limited information about the circuits.
Aspectual constraints in the mental lexicon

This study addresses the question of whether constraints on aspectual semantics play a role in lexical processing. Two universal cognitive constraints are identified: “states cannot be delimited” and “telic predicates cannot be further telicized.” The study investigates how these are obeyed in the productive process of perfective preverb and stem combination in Bulgarian. An off-line task ascertains that Bulgarian native speakers have a default semantic interpretation for the preverbs under investigation. A visual lexical decision task shows clear legality effects in nonwords composed of existing preverbs and stems, thereby supporting decompositional approaches. It is argued that, after the process of morpheme search, there must be a process of checking for combinatory felicity of the morphemes activated in the lexical access.
Software for Space Telescope Astrometry

A general overlapping-plate reduction program, REDUCE, has been written for the reduction of astrometric data from the Edwin P. Hubble Space Telescope. Pains have been taken to make this program powerful and flexible, yet easy to use. This paper describes the main features of the program.
The Distributional Impact of Public Goods

Aspects of the method developed by Aaron and McGuire and Maital (AMM) for estimating the benefit distributions associated with the provision of pure public goods are clarified and the method is extended to cover the case of public projects designed to improve the quality of impure public goods. The extended method is used to estimate the distributional impact of a proposed public project in the Cleveland-Akron metropolitan region, and the results are compared with estimates obtained from three naive models and from the AMM model for pure public goods. It is found that the native models overestimate substantially the net benefits received by low-income families and underestimate the net benefits received by high-income families. Using the AMM method for a pure public good similarly distorts the results, though by a much smaller magnitude.
Impact of animal-assisted therapy for outpatients with fibromyalgia

Objectives. Animal-assisted therapy using dogs trained to be calm and provide comfort to strangers has been used as a complementary therapy for a range of medical conditions. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of brief therapy dog visits for fibromyalgia patients attending a tertiary outpatient pain management facility compared with time spent in a waiting room. Design. Open label with waiting room control. Setting. Tertiary care, university-based, outpatient pain management clinic. Subjects. A convenience sample of fibromyalgia patients was obtained through advertisements posted in the clinic. Interventions. Participants were able to spend clinic waiting time with a certified therapy dog instead of waiting in the outpatient waiting area. When the therapy dog was not available, individuals remained in the waiting area. Outcome Measures. Self-reported pain, fatigue, and emotional distress were recorded using 11-point numeric rating scales before and after the therapy dog visit or waiting room time. Results. Data were evaluated from 106 therapy dog visits and 49 waiting room controls, with no significant between-group demographic differences in participants. Average intervention duration was 12 minutes for the therapy dog visit and 17 minutes for the waiting room control. Significant improvements were reported for pain, mood, and other measures of distress among patients after the therapy dog visit, but not the waiting room control. Clinically meaningful pain relief (≥2 points pain severity reduction) occurred in 34% after the therapy dog visit and 4% in the waiting room control. Outcome was not affected by the presence of comorbid anxiety or depression. Conclusions. Brief therapy dog visits may provide a valuable complementary therapy for fibromyalgia outpatients.
2014 Drucker Medal Paper: A Derivation of the Theory of Linear Poroelasticity From Chemoelasticity

National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (Award 1063626)
Extremism and the Economics of Religion

By modeling religious activity as a product of rational choice and market forces, the economics of religion offers new insights concerning religious trends, the consequences of religious freedom, doctrinal innovation, and the enduring appeal of extremism. The work both complements and challenges that of sociologists, historians, and other religious scholars. Club-theoretic models of sectarianism highlight the potential benefits of strictness and sacrifice, not only in religions, but also in communes, gangs, military units, social movements, political organizations, and even academic subfields.
What is driving people's dissatisfaction with their own health care in 17 Latin American countries?

Background A number of expert reports have pointed to serious problems with health care in many Latin American countries and argued the need to reform and improve health-care systems. In addition, the Ministers of Health of the Americas have stated that health systems should be accountable to citizens. Objective This paper examines, in each of 17 Latin American countries, public dissatisfaction with the health care to which people have access, the proportion of people reporting problems with access to and the cost of health care and the factors that are most important in driving public dissatisfaction. Methods Data are drawn from a 2007 Latinobarometro survey of 19 212 adults interviewed face-to-face in 17 Latin American countries. Results The proportion of people expressing dissatisfaction with their health care varies a great deal by country, as do the proportions reporting problems with access to and the cost of health care. Problems with access to care seem to matter most in trying to explain public dissatisfaction with their health care. More traditional measures of health outcomes and resources seem to matter less as drivers of dissatisfaction. Conclusions For governments trying to improve their citizens’ satisfaction with the health care they receive, the highest priority would be improving people’s basic access to health-care services. Also, it appears that democratic governments are seen as being more responsive to the public’s needs in health care.
Binding site multiplicity with fatty acid ligands: Implications for the regulation of PKR kinase autophosphorylation with palmitate

Saturated long chain-free fatty acids (FFAs), especially palmitate, have been implicated in apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of PKR (double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase). We recently found evidence that palmitate interacts directly with the kinase domain of PKR, subsequently inhibiting the autophosphorylation of PKR. To investigate the interactions of palmitate with PKR and its effects on PKR autophosphorylation, we performed extensive unbiased MD simulations combined with biochemical and biophysical experiments. The simulations predict multiple putative binding sites of palmitate on both the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated PKR with similar binding affinities. Ligand-protein interactions involving a large variety of different binding modes challenge the conventional view of highly specific, single binding sites. Key interactions of palmitate involve the αC-helix of PKR, especially near residue R307. Experimental mutation of R307 was found to affect palmitate binding and reduce its inhibitory effect. Based on this study a new allosteric mechanism is proposed where palmitate binding to the αC-helix prevents the inactive-to-active transition of PKR and subsequently reduces its ability to autophosphorylate.
Association of adherence to epilepsy quality standards with seizure control

Abstract Objective We assessed the relationship between adherence to epilepsy quality measures (EQM) and seizure control over 2–3 years in a retrospective cohort study. Methods 6150 patients were identified at two large academic medical centers with a primary or secondary diagnosis of epilepsy, were 18–85 years old and seen in outpatient general neurology or epilepsy units between June 2011 and May 2014. Patients were included if: their initial visit was between June 2011 and June 2012, treatment was with ≥1 anti-seizure drug, there was ≥1 visit per year during the timeframe, and seizure frequency was documented at initial and final visits, yielding 162 patients/1055 visits from which socio-demographic, clinical and care quality data were abstracted. Quality care was assessed as (1) percent adherence to up to 8 eligible EQM, and (2) defect-free care (DFC: adherence to all eligible EQM). Seizure control (SC) was defined as ≥50% reduction in average seizures/month between initial and final visits. Chi-square and t-test compared care quality with seizure control. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationships between SC, quality of care and subspecialist involvement. Results Care quality, reflected by documentation of seizure frequency, addressing therapeutic interventions, and referral to a comprehensive epilepsy center, all exceeded 80% adherence. Care quality as reflected by documentation of seizure type, etiology or syndrome; assessment of side effects, counseling about epilepsy safety and women's issues, and screening for psychiatric disorders ranged from 40 to 57%. Mean EQM adherence across all applicable measures was associated with greater seizure control (p = 0.0098). DFC was low (=8%) and did not covary with seizure control (p = 0.55). The SC and non-SC groups only differed on epilepsy etiology (p = 0.04). Exploratory analysis showed that mean quality scores are associated with seizure control (OR = 4.9 [1.3–18.5], p = 0.017) while controlling for the effect of subspecialty involvement as a possible confounding variable. Conclusions Average quality of care but not defect-free care was associated with seizure control in this retrospective cohort.
Models of solute and solvent distribution for describing retention in liquid chromatography

Abstract Models of solute and solvent distribution between the mobile phase and surface-influenced stationary phase are presented and defined in terms of classical thermodynamics. Combination of these models makes possible formulation of models describing solute retention in liquid chromatography. This approach enables the possibility for classification of the majority of known models of solute retention and reveals, in many cases, their thermodynamic foundations.
Essential arcbody and tangle decompositions of knots and links

We prove that if K⊂ S3 is either: (I) a link with an essential n-string arcbody decomposition, where at least one arcspace has incompressible boundary, or a knot with an essential n-string tangle decomposition, where (II) each tangle has no parallel strings, or (III) one tangle space is not a handlebody and K is not cabled, then any nontrivial surgery on every component of K produces irreducible manifolds in all cases (with some exceptional surgeries in case (I)) and, in particular, Haken manifolds in cases (I) and (III). Moreover, if K is hyperbolic in (III) and at least one tangle space has incompressible boundary, then all nontrivial surgeries on K are also hyperbolic; this last result is also established for type (I) decompositions under some constraints.