cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Primary and Obstetric Care After Medically Complicated Pregnancies: An Analysis of Medical Claims Data

BACKGROUND Because pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, are risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, post-delivery follow-up is recommended.
Mechanism of additive effects of digoxin and quinidine on contractility in isolated cardiac muscle.

To evaluate the mechanism of the effect of the interaction of digoxin and quinidine on myocardial contractility, ferret right ventricular papillary muscles were isolated and the effects of digoxin, 4 × 10−7 M, quinidine, 1 × 105M and atropine, 1.5 × 10−6M, on peak developed force, peak rate of development of force (dF/dt) and time to peak tension were determined. The addition of quinidine to muscles treated with digoxin increased developed force 18 percent (p = 0.006) and dF/dt 37 percent (p = 0.001) without significantly changing time to peak tension. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with atropine. Quinidine alone increased developed force 35 percent (p < 0.001) and dF/dt 70 percent (p < 0.001) and decreased time to peak tension 22 percent (p < 0.001) from pretreatment control values. Atropine alone increased developed force 17 percent (p = 0.02) and dF/dt 32 percent (p = 0.001) and decreased time to peak tension 13 percent (p = 0.003) from pretreatment control values. The addition of quinidine to muscles treated with atropine or of atropine to muscles treated with quinidine did not significantly change developed force, dF/dt or time to peak tension from values with either drug alone. It is concluded that digoxin and quinidine in these doses have additive effects on myocardial contractility, and that this interaction is at least partially mediated through antagonism of cholinergic influences by quinidine.
Performance Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Direct Strain Imaging Method

Direct Strain Imaging accomplishes full field measurement of the strain tensor on the surface of a deforming body, by utilizing arbitrarily oriented engineering strain measurements originating from digital imaging. In this paper an evaluation of the method’s performance with respect to its operating parameter space is presented along with a preliminary validation based on actual experiments on composite material specimens under tension. It has been shown that the method exhibits excellent accuracy characteristics and outperforms methods based on displacement differentiation.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Culture and Conflict Resolution

Since the end of the Second World War, the study of conflict in societies, nations and between nations, its prevention, management, and resolution, has expanded to grow and develop into a respectable discipline, offered at many prestigious universities around the world. Sometimes, this discipline is called Peace Studies. Interest in this subject has also resulted in the prolif eration of institutes and centers devoted to the study of the causes, man agement and resolution of conflict and the maintenance of peace at the local, regional, national and international levels. Similarly, leading expo nents in the discipline such as Johan Galtung, I. William Zartman, Richard Solomon and Kevin Avruch to mention just a few, have emerged to carry out the banner of resolving conflict and promoting peace, development and social stability. Conflict is varied and evident among individuals, communities and societies and ethic groups which are diverse, heterogeneous, complex and dynamic. It is also evident among political parties in countries of the Third World, that are practicing plural politics. Although there are studies on these groupings that look at differences, varieties in causes and rational behavior among the actors, they are largely localized. On a broader and
Assessing radiographically occult upper extremity fractures with dedicated extremity MRI

Purpose: To examine the utility of low-field, dedicated extremity MRI for assessing acute upper extremity trauma in patients with radiographs that are negative for fracture. Secondly, to determine which sequences are most useful when screening for fractures. Methods: Forty-four of 46 patients with acute upper extremity trauma and initial radiographs negative for fracture were imaged with a 0.2-T MRI system. Findings were verified with follow-up clinical assessment and plain radiography. Results: In 21 patients, dedicated extremity MRI demonstrated 26 ultimately proven occult fractures, none of which were seen on the initial conventional radiographs. True fractures demonstrated marrow edema and a linear fracture line on low-field MRI. One bone contusion showed edema with no fracture line and was misdiagnosed as a fracture. Low-field MRI correctly identified 23 remaining patients with no fracture. Sensitivity and specificity for fracture in the 44 patients successfully imaged were 100 % and 96 %, respectively. Additionally, 21 soft-tissue injuries were found incidentally by MRI. However, these may not merely be incidental findings of an acute nature, but may very well be chronic, and therefore merit no specific treatment. T1-weighted gradient-echo and short-tau inversion recovery sequences demonstrated the fracture line and marrow edema to best advantage, and were thus the most useful sequences to assess fractures on low-field MRI. Conclusion: Extremity MRI is highly sensitive and specific for radiographically occult fractures of the upper extremity and can also identify associated soft-tissue injuries. In our study, the management was altered in 45 % of the patients following MRI. When adequate sequences are used this modality can direct appropriate therapy while obviating the added expense and morbidity of unnecessary immobilization and follow-up imaging of patients without fracture.
Fate of 14C-cis-chlordane in goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.).

1. Absorption of14C-cis-chlordane from water by goldfish is very rapid. 2. Over 99% of the radioactivity recovered from the fish on day-10 and day-25 post-treatment times was unchangedcis-chlordane indicating its inert storage in body tissues.
Inhibitory effects of incomplete Freund's adjuvant on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Freund's incomplete adjuvant (IFA), an aqueous/oil emulsion that is widely used in combination with antigenic proteins and peptides to induce tolerance, is considered to be immunologically inert. However, sporadic reports indicate that IFA may itself have inhibitory properties on induction of adjuvant induced arthritis and spontaneous diabetes. In the current study, the effects of IFA/saline were evaluated on the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in three different strains of mice. IFA/saline given i.p. in two doses of >100 &#117 &#119 l 10 &#117 days apart were found to inhibit EAE induction to varying degrees in all three strains of mice in a dose dependent fashion. The IFA/saline injections inhibited both mitogen and antigen-induced T cell proliferation, induced elevated secretion of IFN- &#110 and IL-10 by neuroantigen specific T cells, and reduced expression of cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors of CNS-infiltrating mononuclear cells. These data demonstrate for t...
Hydrogen Bonding and Distance Studies of Amino Acids and Peptides Using Solid State 2D 1H−13C Heteronuclear Correlation Spectra

Solid state 13C−1H 2D HETeronuclear CORrelation spectra (Caravatti, P.; Bodenhausen, G.; Ernst, R. R. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1982, 89, 363−367. Roberts, J. E.; Vega, S.; Griffin, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 2506−2512) are reported for many amino acids and peptides with 13C isotopic composition at natural abundance. These HETCOR spectra often have multiple proton cross peaks for each carbon, and these cross peaks can be extremely helpful for assigning the spectrum. Apart from peaks due to groups that have a lot of motion, the peak volumes correlate with C−H distance and can be used to estimate distances with standard derivation of 0.2 A; the longest distances for which cross peaks are visible is 3 A. The HECTOR pulse sequence also appears to be very useful for studying hydrogen bonding interactions, since the distances for most of C−O···H−X hydrogen bond pairs are within the range that is observable by HETCOR.
Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of alkali metal compounds. III. Estimation of the thermodynamic properties of cesium and rubidium chalcogenides

Abstract The standard enthalpies of formation of the alkali metal zirconates have been estimated using a general parameterization scheme. Details of the calculations are presented. The results are in very good agreement with the available experimental data. The entropies of formation of these compounds have also been estimated and are listed.
Selenium segregation optimization for 10 nm node contact resistivity

Contact resistivity (ρ C ) reduction for n-SD (source/drain) with Se+ implant was evaluated for different integration schemes. It is found that Se+ implant energy is one of the most critical process parameters for ρ C improvement, achieved by placing the Se+ peak close to silicide (TiSi 2 or NiPtSi)/Si interface and minimized implant damage. Recovery of implant damage to silicide and n-SD region was achieved with millisecond laser anneal, while minimizing dopant deactivation. This work demonstrated a viable integration pathway to realize low ρ C solution for n-SD for 10 nm node.
Augmented Ehrenfest dynamics yields a rate for surface hopping

We present a new algorithm for mixed quantum-classical dynamics that helps bridge the gap between mean-field (Ehrenfest) and surface-hopping dynamics by defining a natural rate of decoherence. In order to derive this decoherence result, we have expanded the number of independent variables in the usual Ehrenfest routine so that mixed quantum-classical derivatives are now propagated in time alongside the usual Ehrenfest variables. Having done so, we compute a unique rate of decoherence using two independent approaches: (i) by comparing the equations of motion for the joint nuclear-electronic probability density in phase space according to Ehrenfest dynamics versus partial Wigner transform dynamics and (ii) by introducing a frozen Gaussian interpretation of Ehrenfest dynamics which allows nuclear wave packets to separate. The first consequence of this work is a means to rigorously check the accuracy of standard Ehrenfest dynamics. Second, this paper suggests a nonadiabatic dynamics algorithm, whereby the nuc...
NonepidemicErwinia herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans) in blood cultures: Bacteriological analysis of fifteen cases

The finding ofErwinia herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans) in blood cultures of 15 inpatients, during a 53/4-year period in a nonepidemic context, was analyzed for clinical significance. Mixed cultures were seen in 5 patients; multiple sets were taken in 10 patients. In only 6 patients couldErwinia be significantly correlated with clinical septicemia; in 9, it was of doubtful significance, more likely reflecting transient bacteremia than skin contamination or laboratory handling. These findings contrast to previous reports that stress a preponderance of clinically significant strains ofEnterobacter species andErwinia from blood cultures. The only bacteriological differences between the “significant” and “doubtful” groups involved the time required to detectErwinia.
Computer Solutions for the Stability of Reservoir Slopes

Prediction of the stability of slopes under various water conditions and for a wide range of loading and soil conditions can be made with the help of a digital computer. Reservoir slopes may reach a very critical state immediately after very rapid drawdown. At present, this condition is analyzed assuming an "instantaneous" drawdown event. This paper presents a method for obtaining the slope stability under a drawdown condition with a defined time-elevation history.The analyses are based on the simplified form of Bishop's model with circular failure surface and vertical slices. Two options are available for determining the pore pressure. In the time-dependent drawdown analysis, a differential equation equates the volume of water that flows out of the slope in a given time with the product of the velocity of flow, area of flow, and time interval. The solution of this equation yields the position of the phreatic surface with time. This information helps determine the pressures along a trial circular sliding surface, and the variation of the factor of safety with time.The factor of safety decreases rapidly with the lowering of the reservoir level, followed by a slow and nonlinear increase to the steady state value.
COMPARISONS OF PARALLEL SYSTEMS ACCORDING TO THE CONVEX TRANSFORM ORDER

A parallel system with heterogeneous exponential component lifetimes is shown to be more skewed (according to the convex transform order) than the system with independent and identically distributed exponential components. As a consequence, equivalent conditions for comparing the variabilities of the largest order statistics from heterogeneous and homogeneous exponential samples in the sense of the dispersive order and the right-spread order are established. A sufficient condition is also given for the proportional hazard rate model.
Conservation management implications of substrate choice in recently metamorphosed American toads (Bufo americanus)

We experimentally examined the choice of three substrate types by American toad (Bufo americanus) metamorphs. Metamorphs clearly preferred deciduous leaf litter over coniferous leaf litter and bare soil, and coniferous leaf litter over bare soil. These results emphasize that modification of terrestrial habitats surrounding breeding ponds can impact anuran behavior and populations.
Piperidine alkaloids of spruce (Picea) and fir (Abies) species

Abstract Piperidine alkaloids are reported for the first time from Picea omorika (Serbian spruce), Abies balsamea (balsam fir), and Abies concolor (Rocky mountain white fir). The alkaloids of P. omorika and P. sitchensis were similar, but not identical, and very different from those reported from P. breweri, a species with which they have been taxonomically linked. We were not able to detect alkaloids in A. procera, A. lowiana, or A. grandis. The total base fraction of A. bifolia yielded a nonbasic monoterpenoid known as Muller's lactone, presumed to be an artifact of the isolation procedure.
New approach to characterizing the high-temperature superconducting transition

The shape of the normalized temperature derivative of the dc susceptibility provides useful information about superconducting materials. We propose that the position of the derivative peak be defined as the transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ and the width of this peak define its sharpness. The second derivative also helps the analysis. This method of parametrization is easily generalizable for other temperature-dependent properties such as the resistivity.
Quantum well structures for integrated optoelectronics

The use of quantum well material resulted in speed and efficiency advantages in devices such as injection lasers and opto-electronic absorption modulators. Opto-electronic circuits need also waveguides, switches and detectors. The challenge lies further in finding suitable materials and process technologies for their integration. Because of the electric field dependence of quantum well transitions one finds an extremely strong electric field dependence of the refractive index in the vicinity of the wavelength which corresponds to the quantum well transition. This phenomenon can be exploited to make electro-refractive wave guide switches and modulators of higher speed and efficiency, operating at voltages which are comparable to those in electronic ICs.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of energy intake on nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Although maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are often wasted, little is known about their dietary energy needs. We studied four men and two women in a clinical research center while they received diets providing 45, 35 and 25 kcal/kg desirable body weight/day; diets were fed, in random order, for 21 to 23 days each. Protein intake, 1.13 +/- 0.02 (SEM) g protein/kg/day, was similar with all three diets. Body weight rose with 45 and 35 kcal/kg/day (P less than 0.05) and fell with 25 kcal/kg/day (P less than 0.05). Nitrogen balance, adjusted for estimated unmeasured losses, was neutral with 45 and 35 kcal/kg/day and negative with 25 kcal/kg/day. Balance was neutral or positive in 6 of 6, 4 of 6, and 0 of 6 patients fed 45, 35, 25 kcal/kg/day, respectively. Nitrogen balance, many plasma amino acids and changes in body weight, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle area and body fat each correlated with energy intake. Resting energy expenditure was normal. The energy intake estimated from regression equations to maintain neutral nitrogen balance was 38.5 kcal/kg desirable weight/day; for body fat and weight, it was 32 kcal/kg/day. These data suggest that MHD patients have normal energy expenditure and approximately normal requirements for maintenance of protein balance, body weight and body fat. An average energy intake of about 38 kcal/kg desirable weight/day may be necessary to maintain nitrogen balance in these patients.
Victims of Severe Violence Meet the Offender: Restorative Justice Through Dialogue:

Both restorative justice in general and victim offender mediation specifically continue to be identified with primarily, if not exclusively, addressing non-violent property crimes, and perhaps even...
Fracture strength and adhesive strength of hydroxyapatite-filled polycaprolactone

Fracture toughness and tear strength of hydroxyapatite (HAP)-filled poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) with increasing HAP concentration were studied. The toughness was assessed in terms of essential work of fracture (EWF). Adhesive strength between HAP and PCL interfaces was evaluated using T-peel testing. The adhesion between the two components was found to be relatively strong. Double edge notched tension (DENT) and trousers test specimens were used for the EWF tests. The effect of HAP phase in PCL on the fracture and tearing toughness was investigated. The results obtained from the EWF tests for the HAP-filled PCL complied with the validity criteria of the EWF concept, namely, (1) geometric similarity for all ligament lengths; (2) fully yielded ligament and (3) plane-stress fracture condition. Values for specific essential work of fracture (w ( e )) and specific plastic work of fracture (betaw ( p )) were found to decrease with increase in HAP concentration. The testing procedure showed promise in quantifying the tearing resistance and rising R-curve behavior common in natural materials and it can be extended to other biomaterials that exhibit post-yield deformation. A quantitative assessment based on fracture mechanics of the adhesive strength between the bioactive interfaces plays an important role for continued development of tissue replacement and tissue regeneration materials.
The demonstration of neurophysin and arginine vasotocin by immunocytochemical methods in the brain and pituitary gland of the platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus.

Abstract We have used the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical method to demonstrate that antisera generated against rat neurophysin (anti-rNP) and arginine vasotocin (anti-AVT) react with material in the pars parvocellularis and pars magnocellularis of the nucleus preopticus (NPO) and in the neurohypophysis of sexually mature platyfish ( Xiphophorus maculatus ). With anti-rNP and anti-AVT, long beaded axons were seen to extend between the NPO and the neurohypophysis. Neurophysin and arginine vasotocin are immunologically distinct entities as shown by control absorption procedures. The two appear to be elaborated and stored in similar locations and follow comparable routes of transport between the NPO and the pituitary gland.
Preparative separation and identification of novel subsidiary colors of the color additive D&C Red No. 33 (Acid Red 33) using spiral high-speed counter-current chromatography

Three low-level subsidiary color impurities (A, B, and C) often present in batches of the color additive DC 5-amino-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-3-phenylazo-naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid, B; and 5-amino-4-hydroxy-3,6-bis-phenylazo-naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid, C. The isomers A and B are compounds reported for the first time. Application of the spiral HSCCC method resulted in the additional benefit of yielding 930 mg of the main component of R33, 5-amino-4-hydroxy-3-phenylazo-naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid, of >97% purity.
The identification of experimentally induced appendicitis using in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance

Appendicitis was induced in six New Zealand white rabbits. The appendices from these animals had significantly higher spin-lattice relaxation times, T1, as determined in vitro by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (10 controls vs 6 experimentals, 413 ± 23 vs 455 ± 41, X ± SD, P < (0.02). T1 correlated significantly with the water content of the appendiceal tissue (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that in vivo NMR imaging techniques weighted on T1 might be able to identify human appendicitis noninvasively by detecting localized edema.
Is purchasing management to buying as marketing is to selling

This article examines the hypothesis that marketing concepts and techniques can be as useful to purchasing managers performing the buying function in the 1970s and 1980s as they were to advertisers and sales managers engaged in marketing in the 1950s and 1960s. Relevant concepts are briefly reviewed, and results of a survey of purchasing managers are reported. The data suggest the potential—but not actual—value of marketing-oriented thinking for purchasing managers.
Tosylate/chloride rate ratios for beta-thioethyl substrates. Dimerization of 2-(methylthio)ethyl tosylate

Abstract 2-(Methylthio)ethyl tosylate undergoes facile dimerization. Previous OTs/Cl rate ratios were based on reaction of the tosylate dimer. New ratios, which are still low, are reported.
Theory of high-field electronic transport in bulk ZnS and ZnSe

We present ensemble Monte Carlo calculations of electron transport in bulk ZnSe and ZnS under conditions of high applied electric field strengths. The calculations include the full details of the first two conduction bands as well as the full‐order treatment of the electron‐phonon scattering mechanisms. The steady‐state electron drift velocities as a function of applied electric field are determined for each material system as well as the total electron‐phonon scattering rates. In addition, the high‐field probability distribution function is presented for both ZnS and ZnSe. As expected, based on the values of the optical‐phonon energy, the electron distribution is much cooler in bulk ZnS than in bulk ZnSe at comparable electric field strengths even in the absence of significant impact ionization in either material. Consequently, carrier heating to comparable energies is more difficult to achieve in ZnS than in ZnSe. This has relevance to the operation of electroluminescent devices made from these materials.
Mapping a cloud of ultra-cold atoms onto a miniature storage ring

We describe how to realize magnetic and magneto-optical confinement of ultra-cold atoms in a torus with adjustable diameter and how an elliptical cloud of ultra-cold atoms can be adiabatically transformed to have a toroidal shape. An experiment with cold 87Rb atoms demonstrates the feasibility of shape transformations. These techniques can be used for atom interferometry and quantum computation.
Sorption kinetics of low-molecular-weight hydrophobic organic compounds on surface-modified silica

Abstract The rate of sorption and desorption of substituted benzenes was investigated in a series of batch and column experiments using surface-modified silica of known chemical composition. Porous silicas with patchy surface coatings of aliphatic-chain groups (C 1 , C 8 and C 18 ) and an aliphatic chain terminating in a phenyl group were prepared; these were less hydrophobic and more easily wetted by water than similar, commercially available, chromatography materials. The surfaces were chosen to represent important functional groups found in soil and aquifer materials. Batch desorption of p-nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene required up to 100 hours to reach equilibrium. Slow sorption and desorption of 1,4-dichlorobenzene in column experiments was evidenced by tailing in breakthrough curves. Results were interpreted considering three possible rate-limiting steps: diffusion through immobile liquid, diffusion through a bound organic phase, and slow chemical binding and release. Diffusion through immobile fluid caused some but not all of the observed slow sorption, as evidenced by experiments with different particle size and pore size (toruosity). Desorption on C 8 - and C 18 - modified silicas was at least one order of magnitude faster than on phenyl and C 1 surfaces, illustrating the importance of the nature of the surface organic phase. Simple diffusion through the bound organic phase is not an adequate explanation for the behavior, due to the small distances. Slow binding and release at strong sites for sorption of 1,4-dichlorobenzene on the phenyl-polymer-modified silica apparently caused most of the observed tailing. First-order rate coefficients observed for all modified surfaces were in the range of 10 −4 -10 −1 s −1 . As equilibrium is reached within hours, slow sorption is observed at the laboratory scale, but local equilibrium applies to most field situations.
Interpolation with interval and point tension controls using cubic weighted v-splines

Various methods have been developed to control the shape of an interpolating curve for computer-aided design applications. Some methods are better suited for controlling the tension of the curve on an interval, while others are better suited for controlling the tension at the individual interpolation points. The weighted v-spline is a C1 piecewise cubic polynomial interpolant that generalizes C2 cubic splines, weighted splines, and v-splines. Shape controls are available to “tighten” the weighted v-spline on intervals and/or at the interpolation points. The mathematical theory is presented together with short algorithms for parametric interpolation.
A new look at sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in potentiotitrimetry

Abstract Potentiotitrimetric methods for the determination of some cations with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDC) have been critically examined. Although single cations such as Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ag + , Zn 2+ , and In 3+ can be satisfactorily determined, we conclude that sequential multielement analysis of more than 2 elements does not yield accurate results. We have not been able to determine ZrO 2+ . We report new quantitative data for Hg 2+ , Sb 3+ , Bi 3+ , Se 4+ , and Te 4+ vs NaDDC. Pd 2+ , Fe 2+ , and Fe 3+ can be determined only under rigidly controlled pH/buffer conditions and are thus not considered analytically useful.
Self-help conferences for people who stutter: a qualitative investigation.

Abstract Self-help activities for people who stutter (PWS) have been gaining in popularity; however, there is a scarcity of evidence to support their utility in stuttering management. The purpose of this investigation was to understand the lived experience of individuals who attended a self-help conference(s) for PWS from the perspective of a PWS to learn its potential utility in stuttering management. The investigator used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to systematically collect authentic data of this social phenomenon. Twelve participants were recruited from a self-help conference and the self-help community of PWS. Semi-structured interviews were conducted 4–18 months after each participant's last conference. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed. Themes were explained in investigator narratives and illustrated through participants’ quotes. Interpreted themes of the experience of having attended a self-help conference(s) for PWS included: socializing opportunities with other PWS , affiliation , redefining oneself and post-conference disclosures . A conclusion of the study was that the experience of having attended a self-help conference(s) for PWS helped to minimize negative impact that stuttering can have on daily functioning. It appears that self-help conferences were perceived as a safer or “stutter-friendly” environment and promoted social interaction, relationship building, and community building through planned and unplanned activities. Another conclusion was that the experience of having attended self-help conferences for PWS helped participants to communicate more easily. Reported increases in social activity and an “openness” about stuttering, suggest self-help conferences’ utility in stuttering management. These findings are supported by other studies about successful stuttering management and self-help activities for PWS. They have helped attendees who stutter to communicate more easily and suggest a reduction in the negative impact that stuttering has on their lives. Educational objectives : The reader will be able to: (1) describe recurring themes associated with the lived experience having attended a self-help conference(s) for people who stutter (PWS) from the perspective of a group of adults who stutter, and (2) describe the potential benefits of attending self-help conferences for PWS in order to make appropriate evidence-based referrals to self-help conferences for PWS.
Vicarious metabolic response; the influence of blood from thyroxinized animals on the oxygen consumption of surviving tissue.

REPEATED STUDY has shown that the blood iodine in hyperthyroid-ism tends to be abnormally high (Salter, 1944). Furthermore the “organic” or “hormonal” iodine accounts for most of the increase (Bassett, Coons and Salter, 1941). This finding suggests that the cir-culation contains an excess of a physiologically active iodine com-pound. It is the purpose of this communication to show that such blood can increase the respiration of surviving tissues. The time factor looms large in experimental attempts to demon-strate such stimulation of metabolism in vitro. Thus Davis and Has-tings (1936), using the heart of Limulus polyphemus, obtained an elevation of respiration only after 10 to 15 hours’ exposure to thyroxine in vitro. Hopping Scott (1935), however, reported in some instances a prompt increase in oxygen consumption by the nucleated red cells of alligator blood when thyroxine was added in vitro. In the present communication emphasis will be laid upon the prompt respiratory response of mammalian tissues (wh...
The effect of nutrient intake during rearing of broiler breeder females on subsequent fertility

Abstract Broiler breeder females were grown to similar 20-wk BW with diets containing levels of CP ranging from 11 to 20% CP in four experiments. At 20 wk of age, the pullets were mixed with sex-separate reared males, grown with a 17% CP, 2.89 kcal ME/g diet. Treatment BW at 20 wk of age were between 1.94 and 2.11 kg per pullet. Birds were photostimulated at 20 wk of age. Irrespective of cumulative energy intake or 20-wk BW, pullets that consumed less than 1,180 g of CP exhibited reduced fertility. These results demonstrate a relationship between CP intake by females during rearing and subsequent fertility.
Oncogenic transformation by equine herpesviruses (EHV). I. Properties of hamster embryo cells transformed by ultraviolet-irradiated EHV-1.

Abstract Permissive primary hamster embryo cells (HEF) were morphologically transformed in vitro by uv-irradiated standard equine herpesivrus type 1 (EHV-1). Cell lines (LSEH) were established and were shown to exhibit growth and biological properties typical of transformed cells. These properties included an altered, network-like cellular morphology, loss of contact inhibition, increased saturation density, decreased generation time, immortality in culture, formation of colonies in soft agar, growth at low concentrations of serum, and resistance to EHV-1 superinfection. These LSEH transformed cell lines were oncogenic in both newborn and immunocompetent inbred LSH syngeneic hamsters, and LSEH tumor cell lines were established from the tumors which were identified as malignant fibrous sarcomas. Both the LSEH transformed and tumor cell lines were determined to be virus nonproducers, since released virus could be neither detected by electron microscopy, infectious center assays, or cocultivation assays nor induced by iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) or growth at higher temperature. Analysis of the hybridization kinetics of 125I- or 32P-labeled EHV-1 DNA with DNA from low-passaged LSEH transformed cell lines, tumor tissues, or LSEH tumor cell lines revealed that viral DNA sequences were present in all cells and that the amount of these viral DNA sequences varied from one cell line to another. In the transformed cell lines, these values ranged from 3.3 to 20.9% of the EHV-1 genome in amounts of 0.3 to 2.2 copies/cell, whereas the DNA of tumor tissues and low-passaged LSEH tumor cell lines contained from 2.2 to 12.2% of the EHV-1 genome in amounts of 1.2 to 4.0 copies/cell. These viral DNA sequences were expressed since viral antigens were detected in LSEH transformed cells, tumor tissues, and tumor cell lines. Neutralizing antibody, ND50 titers ranging from 1 8 to 1 100 , was detected in the sera of hamsters that had been inoculated with either LSEH transformed or LSEH tumor cells. In addition, EHV-1-specific speypeptides were demonstrated in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and perinuclear region of both LSEH transformed and tumor cell lines by indirect immunofluorescence using antisera to purified EHV-1 virions or antisera to EHV-1 infected HEF cell extracts.
Absolute configurations of enantiomeric K-region cis-5,6-dihydrodiols of 12-methylbenz[A] anthracene and 7-bromo-12-methylbenz[A] anthracene

The absolute configurations of enantiomeric 7-bromo-12-aethylbenz[a]anthracene cis-5,6-dihydrodiols (3) were determined by exciton chirality circular dichroism method. The absolute configurations of enantiomeric 12-methylbenz[a]anthracene cis-5,6-dihydrodiols (1) were determined by debromination of enantiomeric 3 of known absolute stereochemistry.
Alkali ash material, a novel material for infrastructure enhancement

Many studies have focused on the conversion of fly ash from coal burning operations to a useful material. However, out of 55 million tons of fly ash generated in the United States, only 27% is being reused or recycled. Alkali Ash Material (AAM) is a novel material, which is made by converting fly ash to a useful construction material, with several benefits. AAM can gain compressive strength of up to 11,000 psi and flexural strength of up to 1200 psi in two days. This quick gain of strength is very useful in many construction applications. Using fly ash to produce AAM not only creates construction material with desirable properties, but also recycles a large quantity of fly ash that otherwise would have been added to already huge stockpiles of fly ash in landfills.
Cognate effects of ethanol, hydrazine and tissue regeneration on hepatic mitochondrial activities

Some of the early hepatic responses to a single dose of ethanol or a subconvulsant dose of hydrazine are similar to those extant in regenerating liver. For example, in all three cases gluconeogenesis is inhibited, lipid accumulates, and varying degrees of structural change occur in mitochondria. The present communication establishes that, in addition, the concurrent mitochondrial generation of ATP is stimulated and that in each case such functions as activated respiration (state 3), phosphorylation rate, respiratory control and ADP:0 ratios with both a flavin-linked and a pyridine nucleotide-linked mitochondrial substrate markedly exceed the corresponding activities in both fed and fasted control animals. Thus was observed the unusual consequence of a group of experimental treatments which increased rather than decreased the efficiency of intracellular energy retention as ATP. Such auxiliary mitochondrial activities as spontaneous and activated ATPases and high amplitude volume changes were minimally or not at all affected. It is proposed that elevated ATP generation was related to permeability changes of the organelles and that augmented ATP synthesis may be a concomitant of increased mitochondrial turnover. Such an explanation could account for the quite different mitochondrial response to chronic ethanol consumption and to typical hepatotoxic substances.
The preparation of N‐(1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)arylamides and 1H‐pyrazol‐3‐amines from polylithiated C(α),N‐thiosemicarbazones and C(α),N‐semicarbazones

C(α),N-Thiosemicarbazones or C(α),N-semicarbazones were polylithiated with excess lithium diiso-propylamide, and the resulting cyclized intermediates were condensed with aromatic esters to afford N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)arylamides. The polylithiated intermediates were also quenched with aqueous acid to give 5-substituted, 1H-pyrazol-3-amines.
Polyethylene glycol hydrogel dural sealant may reduce incisional cerebrospinal fluid leak after posterior fossa surgery.

Objective Incisional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak remains a significant cause of morbidity, particularly after posterior fossa surgery, with ranges between 4 and 17% in most series. We aimed to determine whether the use of a new polyethylene glycol (PEG) dural sealant product (DuraSeal; Confluent Surgical, Waltham, MA) is effective at preventing incisional CSF leak after posterior fossa surgery. Methods One hundred cases of posterior fossa surgery with the PEG dural sealant applied at the time of dural closure were prospectively observed from May 2005 to April 2006. All patients underwent posterior fossa craniotomy or craniectomy. Clinical histories were followed to document cases of incisional CSF leak, pseudomeningocele, meningitis, wound infection, and interventions required to treat a CSF leak or pseudomeningocele. A retrospective cohort of 100 patients treated in a similar fashion but with fibrin glue augmented dural closure served as controls. Results In the PEG group, two of 100 (2%) patients developed an incisional CSF leak postoperatively. By comparison, 10 of 100 (10%) patients in whom fibrin glue was used developed an incisional CSF leak. This difference was statistically significant, with a P value of 0.03. There were no significant differences in the rates of pseudomeningocele, meningitis, or other postoperative interventions. Conclusion The application of PEG dural sealant to the closed dural edges may be effective at reducing incisional CSF leak after posterior fossa surgery.
Coupled Poroviscoelastic and Optical Monte Carlo Simulation of Dynamic Light Transport Through Indented Soft Tissue

Biological tissues are heterogeneous materials that may be considered mixtures of water, proteins, and cells. The large mismatch in refractive index between these constituents causes tissues to be highly turbid, diffusing light and limiting the efficacy of optical diagnostic and therapeutic techniques [1]. Mechanical optical clearing is a technique for reducing tissue scattering and absorption using controlled tissue deformation. Mechanical optical clearing is performed using indentation to locally modify tissue optical properties, including refractive index [2] and reduced scattering coefficient [3]. This effect is attributed to transient changes in tissue water distribution as a result of interstitial fluid flow due to tissue compression. In this study, we have developed a multi-domain mathematical framework for simulating mechanical optical clearing effects on tissue mechanical and optical behavior, including hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity, porous flow, and light transport. This model was then fitted to mechanical force data and used to predict experimentally measured optical transmission.© 2013 ASME
The Hall Effect in Bismuth with Low Magnetic Fields.

The Hall effect in bismuth for a magnetic field strength of from 0.07 to 1.00 gauss was accurately determined by improved methods. Production of the bismuth films. Various methods for obtaining excessively thin, homogeneous bismuth films were tried and compared, such as casting, electroplating, evaporating, sputtering, and metallic spraying, of which the last three methods were particularly successful. Measurement of very low voltages. By refinements made in the potentiometer and measuring circuits, readings to one-tenth micro-volt were accurate and reproducible. Magnitude of the Hall effect at low fields. The value of the Hall coefficient, $R$, is abnormally large between 0.07 and 0.30 gauss, having a value of -171 at 0.07 gauss, as compared with a value of -11 which $R$ had for this film at 15 gausses. The value at 4220 gausses was -29. A curve is plotted showing the rapid decrease in the value of $\ensuremath{-}R$ between 0.07 and 0.30 gauss, and comparison is made with the higher values of field strength. It is noted that by putting the Hall potential of one film in series with one or more other films we obtain comparatively high values of the Hall e.m.f. which may be applied to great advantage as an alternating current rectifier in radio and similar applications.
Fractal dimension–based Lamb wave tomography algorithm for damage detection in plate-like structures:

This study presents a new signal-processing technique that utilizes the fractal proprieties of guided ultrasonic waves for structural health monitoring in complex structures. In particular, we use the fractal dimension of Lamb waves as a damage-sensitive feature. In the last decade, a fractal analysis has been extensively used in image analysis problems, especially in the medical field. In this article, a damage index based on the fractal dimension of Lamb waves is proposed using a modified box-counting algorithm. The proposed damage index has been also combined with a tomographic imaging algorithm to identify damages in plate-like structures. The performance of the proposed approach is validated through experimental tests performed on an aluminum plate instrumented with eight circular piezoelectric (lead zirconate titanate) transducers.
Ten-Year Incidence of Age-related Maculopathy and Smoking and Drinking The Beaver Dam Eye Study

The authors examined associations between smoking and alcohol consumption and the long-term incidence of age-related maculopathy (ARM) in people in the Beaver Dam Eye Study who were aged 43-86 years (n = 3,684) in 1988-1990 and examined over a 10-year period. ARM status was determined by grading stereoscopic color fundus photographs. After controlling for age, sex, and other factors, the authors found that people who had smoked more were more likely to develop large (> or =250 micro m in diameter) soft drusen (risk ratio (RR) per 10 pack-years smoked = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.14) and pigmentary abnormalities (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.14) and to have progression of early ARM (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10) than people who had smoked less. Smoking was not associated with the incidence of late ARM. People who reported being heavy drinkers at baseline were more likely to develop late ARM (RR = 6.94, 95% CI: 1.85, 26.1) than people who reported never having been heavy drinkers. Smoking appears to have a modest, positive association with early but not late signs of ARM, and heavy drinking appears to be related to an increased risk of late ARM, although the exposure and outcome were infrequent, and the effect is based on few exposed cases.
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Reciprocally Regulates αv-Associated Integrins on Murine Osteoclast Precursors

The integrinsα vβ5 andα vβ3 are expressed reciprocally during murine osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Specifically, immature osteoclast precursors, in the form of bone marrow macrophages, contain exclusivelyα vβ5, surface expression of which declines with commitment to the osteoclast phenotype, while levels ofα vβ3 increase concomitantly. The distinct functional significance ofα vβ5 is underscored by the integrin’s capacity, unlikeα vβ3, to mediate both attachment and spreading on ligand, of marrow macrophages, suggesting αvβ5 negotiates initial recognition, by osteoclast precursors, of bone matrix. Northern analysis demonstrates changes in the two β-subunits, and not αv, are responsible for these alterations. Treatment of early precursors with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) leads to alterations inβ 3 and β5 mRNA andα vβ5 andα vβ3, paralleling those occurring during osteoclastogenesis. Nuclear run-on and message stability studies demonstrate that while GM-CSF treatment of precursors...
Two-material optimization of plate armour for blast mitigation using hybrid cellular automata

With the increased use of improvised explosive devices in regions at war, the threat to military and civilian life has risen. Cabin penetration and gross acceleration are the primary threats in an explosive event. Cabin penetration crushes occupants, damaging the lower body. Acceleration causes death at high magnitudes. This investigation develops a process of designing armour that simultaneously mitigates cabin penetration and acceleration. The hybrid cellular automaton (HCA) method of topology optimization has proven efficient and robust in problems involving large, plastic deformations such as crash impact. Here HCA is extended to the design of armour under blast loading. The ability to distribute two metallic phases, as opposed to one material and void, is also added. The blast wave energy transforms on impact into internal energy (IE) inside the solid medium. Maximum attenuation occurs with maximized IE. The resulting structures show HCA's potential for designing blast mitigating armour structures.
CD control at low K1 optical lithography in DRAM device

In this work, CD control issue at 0.37 K1 optical lithography will be discussed in terms of lens aberration sensitivity. Specific aberration terms that affect CD asymmetry on isolation, word line and storage node layers were investigated by simulation and CD uniformity measurement. The lens aberration was characterized by LITEL ISI (In-Situ Interferometer) and the aberration sensitivity was investigated by Solid-C aerial image simulation. From this result, we can understand the relation between some significant Zernike terms and CD control of DRAM’s critical layers.
Why Radiologists Lose Their Hospital Contracts: Is Your Contract Secure?

Previously, a hospital contract meant tenure for the incumbent group of radiologists; however, those days are long gone. Exclusive contracts have morphed into exclusive contracts with carve-outs. Turf erosion has become a fact of life for radiology practices. Now radiologists are losing their hospital contracts in record numbers. Group size, though helpful for a variety of reasons, does not ensure that a practice will be secure in its hospital setting. The reasons that groups lose their hospital contracts are varied, and in this paper, the author discusses the most common ones. Suggestions to help practices avoid this unfortunate fate are presented.
A Survey Of Knowledge Management Skills Acquisition In An Online Team-Based Distributed Computing Course

This paper investigates students’ perceptions of their acquisition of knowledge management skills, namely thinking and team-building skills, resulting from the integration of various resources and technologies into an entirely team-based, online upper level distributed computing (DC) information systems (IS) course. Results seem to indicate that more support of the thinking skills was provided by the offline resources than by the online resources, while both the online and offline resources were perceived as providing a lot of support for the team-building skills.