cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrothermal degradation on three types of zirconias for dental application

Statement of problem Concern has been expressed with regard to hydrothermal aging of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the accelerated aging characteristics of a new yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline material and 2 commercially available yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline materials by exposing specimens to hydrothermal treatments in steam at 134°C, 0.2 MPa, and at 180°C, 1.0 MPa. Material and methods Thin bars of zirconia: Prettau, Zirprime, and a new zirconia, ZirTough, n=55 for each brand (22×3×0.2 mm) were cut and ground from blocks sintered according to the manufacturer's specifications. The control specimens for each group were evaluated in the nonaged condition, and their chemical composition was measured with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The experimental specimens were artificially aged under standard autoclave sterilization conditions, 134°C at 0.2 MPa (n=5 per group at 5, 50, 100, 150, and 200 hours), and under standard industrial ceramic aging conditions, 180°C at 1.0 MPa (n=5 per group at 8, 16, 24, and 48 hours). The tetragonal to monoclinic transformation was measured by using x-ray diffraction for all groups. Flexural strength was measured with a 4-point bend test (ASTM 1161-B) for all the groups, and the fracture surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed as a function of aging time. To test for an aging effect on the flexural strength and the monoclinic-tetragonal ratio, a 1-way ANOVA (with heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors) was used to test for a general time effect. For the analyses of the monoclinic-tetragonal ratio, the same specimens were used at 0 hours and after aging, and the data were analyzed with an ANOVA for an incomplete block design. The relationship between flexural strength and monoclinic-tetragonal ratio was assessed with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient based on the average value at each aging. Results After 200 hours at 134°C and 0.2 MPa, the flexural strength decreased from a mean (standard deviation) of 1328 ±89.9 MPa to all fractured during aging for Prettau ( P P =. P =.017). After 200 hours at 134°C and 0.2 MPa, a portion of the tetragonal crystals transformed to the monoclinic phase in all specimens. The mean (standard deviation) monoclinic phase fraction increased from 3.08% ±0.28% to 78.8% ±2.0% for Prettau, 1.95% ±0.48% to 74.8% ±0.52% for Zirprime, and 12.4% ±0.60% to 31.4% ±4.4% for ZirTough (all P P P Conclusion Hydrothermal aging of zirconia caused a statistically significant decrease in flexural strength of thin bars of zirconia, which was the result of the transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic crystal structure. ZirTough exhibited the least decrease in strength and smallest amount of monoclinic phase after aging.
ELITE: Ensemble of Optimal Input-Pruned Neural Networks Using TRUST-TECH

The ensemble of optimal input-pruned neural networks using TRUST-TECH (ELITE) method for constructing high-quality ensemble through an optimal linear combination of accurate and diverse neural networks is developed. The optimization problems in the proposed methodology are solved by a global optimization a global optimization method called TRansformation Under Stability-reTraining Equilibrium Characterization (TRUST-TECH), whose main features include its capability in identifying multiple local optimal solutions in a deterministic, systematic, and tier-by-tier manner. ELITE creates a diverse population via a feature selection procedure of different local optimal neural networks obtained using tier-1 TRUST-TECH search. In addition, the capability of each input-pruned network is fully exploited through a TRUST-TECH-based optimal training. Finally, finding the optimal linear combination weights for an ensemble is modeled as a nonlinear programming problem and solved using TRUST-TECH and the interior point method, where the issue of non-convexity can be effectively handled. Extensive numerical experiments have been carried out for pattern classification on the synthetic and benchmark datasets. Numerical results show that ELITE consistently outperforms existing methods on the benchmark datasets. The results show that ELITE can be very promising for constructing high-quality neural network ensembles.
Machine learning based multi-physical-model blending for enhancing renewable energy forecast - improvement via situation dependent error correction

With increasing penetration of solar and wind energy to the total energy supply mix, the pressing need for accurate energy forecasting has become well-recognized. Here we report the development of a machine-learning based model blending approach for statistically combining multiple meteorological models for improving the accuracy of solar/wind power forecast. Importantly, we demonstrate that in addition to parameters to be predicted (such as solar irradiance and power), including additional atmospheric state parameters which collectively define weather situations as machine learning input provides further enhanced accuracy for the blended result. Functional analysis of variance shows that the error of individual model has substantial dependence on the weather situation. The machine-learning approach effectively reduces such situation dependent error thus produces more accurate results compared to conventional multi-model ensemble approaches based on simplistic equally or unequally weighted model averaging. Validation over an extended period of time results show over 30% improvement in solar irradiance/power forecast accuracy compared to forecasts based on the best individual model.
Untethered micro-robotic coding of three-dimensional material composition

Complex functional materials with three-dimensional micro- or nano-scale dynamic compositional features are prevalent in nature. However, the generation of three-dimensional functional materials composed of both soft and rigid microstructures, each programmed by shape and composition, is still an unsolved challenge. Here we describe a method to code complex materials in three-dimensions with tunable structural, morphological and chemical features using an untethered magnetic micro-robot remotely controlled by magnetic fields. This strategy allows the micro-robot to be introduced to arbitrary microfluidic environments for remote two- and three-dimensional manipulation. We demonstrate the coding of soft hydrogels, rigid copper bars, polystyrene beads and silicon chiplets into three-dimensional heterogeneous structures. We also use coded microstructures for bottom-up tissue engineering by generating cell-encapsulating constructs.
Global bus design of a bus-based COMA multiprocessor DICE

DICE is a shared-bus multiprocessor based on a distributed shared-memory architecture, known as Cache-Only Memory Architecture (COMA). Unlike previous COMA proposals for large-scale multiprocessing, DICE utilizes the COMA to effectively decrease the gap between modern high-performance microprocessors and the bus. As microprocessors become faster and demand more bandwidth, the already limited scalability of a shared bus decreases even further. DICE tries to optimize the COMA for a shared-bus medium, in particular to reduce detrimental effects of the cache coherence and the "last memory block" problem on replacement. In this paper, we present a global bus design for a bus-based COMA multiprocessor using the IEEE Futurebus+ standard backplane bus and the Texas Instruments chip-set. Our design demonstrates that necessary bus transactions for DICE can be done efficiently with existing standard bus signals. Considering the benefits of the COMA and the little design complexity it adds to the conventional shared-bus multiprocessor design, a bus-based COMA multiprocessor such as DICE can be become a viable candidate for future shared-bus multiprocessor designs.
Enrichment and Site Mapping of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine by a Combination of Chemical/Enzymatic Tagging, Photochemical Cleavage, and Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry

Numerous cellular processes are regulated by the reversible addition of either phosphate or O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Although sensitive methods exist for the enrichment and identification of protein phosphorylation sites, those for the enrichment of O-GlcNAc-containing peptides are lacking. Reported here is highly efficient methodology for the enrichment and characterization of O-GlcNAc sites from complex samples. In this method, O-GlcNAc-modified peptides are tagged with a novel biotinylation reagent, enriched by affinity chromatography, released from the solid support by photochemical cleavage, and analyzed by electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry. Using this strategy, eight O-GlcNAc sites were mapped from a tau-enriched sample from rat brain. Sites of GlcNAcylation were characterized on important neuronal proteins such as tau, synucleins, and methyl CpG-binding protein 2.
EFFECT OF LARGE DOSE OF GASTRIN I ON PEPSIN SECRETION.

SummaryRapid intravenous injection of gastrin I caused inhibition of histamine stimulated secretion of acid in both vagally innervated gastric fistulas and vagally denervated Heidenhain pouches. Accompanying the inhibition of acid secretion, there was stimulation of pepsin secretion in the pouches but not the fistulas.
Boiling heat transfer and flow regimes in microchannels — a comprehensive understanding

Although flow boiling in microscale passages has received much attention over the last decade, the implementation of microchannel heat sinks operating in the two-phase regime in practical applications has lagged due to the complexity of boiling phenomena at the microscale. This has led to difficulties in predicting the heat transfer rates that can be achieved as a function of the governing parameters. From extensive experimental work and analysis conducted in recent years in the authors' group, a clear picture has emerged that promises to enable prediction of flow boiling heat transfer over a wide parameter space. Experiments have been conducted to determine the effects of important geometric parameters such as channel width, depth, and cross-sectional area, operating conditions such as mass flux, heat flux and vapor quality, as well as fluid properties, on flow regimes, pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients in microchannels. High-speed flow visualizations have led to a detailed mapping of flow regimes occurring under different conditions. In addition, quantitative criteria for the transition between macro- and micro-scale boiling behavior have been identified. These recent advances towards a comprehensive understanding of flow boiling in microchannels are summarized here.
Temperature effects on parallel cascaded silica based microring resonator

Optical device is a telecommunications device that uses glass or plastic media made from silica and SiO2 to transmit data using light or LED (Light Emitter Diode) as the data is transmitted. Silica is one of the materials / media that serves as the transmission of data on the component microring resonator. This paper, investigate about the characteristic of microring resonator and specifically about the temperature effect on the cascaded parallel microring resonator. In this paper, also explains the resistance of the microring resonator for the various temperatures are given. How big is the change in the wavelength shift is happening and how the resulting output of wavelength. A cascaded parallel microring resonator is simulated using MatLab to analyze the temperature effect on the ring resonator components. This simulation also uses the couple mode theory to get the value of coupling coefficient. The wavelength used in this simulation was C-Band between 1530-1565 μm. The simulations result shows the resistance of the components cascade-parallel microring resonator for a certain temperature. The simulated temperature are varied between 28° Celcius to 500° Celsius. Based on the simulation result it can be concluded that the change in temperature will change the resonance wavelength. As the temperature is increased, the resonance wavelength shifts (The increased temperature will affect to the shifting of resonance wavelength). The results of this study, a temperature parameters are given to the resilience of the microring resonator.
TOWARDS A NETWORK PERSPECTIVE ON ORGANIZATIONAL DECLINE

Analysis of organizational decline has become central to the study of economy and society. Further advances in this area may fail however, because two major literatures on the topic remain disintegrated and because both lack a sophisticated account of how social structure and interdependencies among organizations affect decline. This paper develops a perspective which tries to overcome these problems. The perspective explains decline through an understanding of how social ties and resource dependencies among firms affect market structure and the resulting behavior of firms within it. Evidence is furnished that supports the assumptions of the perspective and provides a basis for specifying propositions about the effect of network structure on organizational survival. I conclude by discussing the perspective's implications for organizational theory and economic sociology.
Function based reasoning

When a mechanic troubleshoots a car, a physician narrows down a diagnosis, a designer selects from among options, or a corporation conducts a post-mortem of a venture gone wrong, the nature knowledge used is more likely than not, the same. That knowledge is “function”, though in the above scenarios it may be variously referred to as “responsibility”, “causal factor” or “missing element”. Reasoning about function is an integral part of human reasoning. It is currently attracting a lot of attention in artificial intelligence.
Emerging Technologies and their Applications in Lipid Compartment Measurement

Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs), including obesity, are emerging as the major health concern of the 21st century. Excess adiposity and related NCD metabolic disturbances have stimulated development of new lipid compartment measurement technologies to help us to understand cellular energy exchange, to refine phenotypes, and to develop predictive markers of adverse clinical outcomes. Recent advances now allow quantification of multiple intracellular lipid and adipose tissue compartments that can be evaluated across the human lifespan. With magnetic resonance methods leading the way, newer approaches will give molecular structural and metabolic information beyond the laboratory in real-world settings. The union between these new technologies and the growing NCD population is creating an exciting interface in advancing our understanding of chronic disease mechanisms.
Egg-Laying Preference of Female Fungus Gnat Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae) on Three Different Soilless Substrates

Fungus gnats, Bradysia spp., are major insect pests in greenhouses. Adult female fungus gnats prefer to lay eggs in growing medium that is microbially active or that contains high amounts of peat moss or hardwood bark. However, egg-laying preference has not been demonstrated quantitatively. This study was designed to determine whether fungus gnat Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila females prefer any of the three soilless growing media provided. The three soilless growing media tested were Metro-Mix 560 with Scott’s Coir, Sunshine LC1 Mix, and Universal SB 300 Mix. Initially, the egg-laying potential of the fungus gnat species used in this study was assessed by dissecting mated females after 24, 48, and 72 h. For the egg-laying preference experiment, adults that emerged from pupae were aspirated into a plastic vial, sexed, and then allowed to mate for 24 h. Individual mated females were released into an experimental chamber (15 by 15 by 5-cm plastic container) consisting of four 6-cm petri dishes, three of which contained soilless growing media and one with filter paper (control). In total, there were 50 experimental chambers, with each chamber representing a replication. Females remained in the experimental chambers for 48 h after which the growing media were processed using a flotation/extraction method. The number of eggs laid by female fungus gnats ranged from 21 to 217 with most eggs recovered after 48 h (141.0 ± 9.3). There were no significant differences among the three soilless growing media in terms of number of eggs laid, although all three growing media were significantly different from the filter paper with higher numbers of eggs laid in the soilless growing media than the filter paper. Despite no significant difference among the growing media in the number of eggs laid, fungus gnat females tended to lay eggs more often, based on the number of petri dishes in which at least one egg was laid, in Metro-Mix 560 (86%) than Sunshine LC1 (66%), Universal SB 300 (52%), or filter paper (18%). Based on the results of this study, female fungus gnats may not prefer a specific growing medium for oviposition. However, fungus gnat females may rely on other factors not tested in this study such as moisture content and volatiles emitted from growing media in their decision where to lay eggs.
Postfire grazing management effects on mesic sagebrush-steppe vegetation: Spring grazing

The influence of fire-grazing interactions on ecological pattern and process has been fairly well studied in some rangeland ecosystems (e.g., tallgrass prairie) but is only poorly understood in others. On sagebrush-steppe rangelands of the western US, there has been a long-standing concern that fire followed by grazing can cause substantial mortality in sensitive plant species. Vegetation responses to fire-grazing interactions, however, have never been studied in the higher elevation, more mesic portions of the sagebrush-steppe. We investigated whether graminoid, forb, and litter cover; bare ground; and species density and frequency responses differed among burned areas which were grazed at a very light stocking rate (33 ha AUM−1) during spring (May) without postfire deferment, burned areas where 1–2 growing seasons of grazing deferment were applied, and burned areas completely excluded from postfire grazing. Fire-grazing interactions had very few effects on vegetation but did reduce litter cover and bare ground compared to burning alone. This was a case study; consequently, caution should be taken in applying these results beyond their limited scope of inference. In some situations, however, postfire grazing can likely be employed without deferment or after deferring for only one growing season, and not cause substantial adverse impacts on vegetation.
Is the D-dimer test a viable option for the detection of PE?

2708 Objectives The D-dimer test is a commonly used lab exam when investigating the possibility of a pulmonary embolism (PE). When a deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) breaks off from its origin endogenous fibrinolysis can be detected.(1) The purpose of this research is to see how effective the D-dimer test is at predicting the presence of a PE. Methods Retrospective data was retrieved from May 1, 2013 to October 31, 2013 for patients at Froedtert Hospital (FH) in Milwaukee, WI who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) and received a CT scan for PE detection. According to FH protocol, normal D-dimer values range from 0.0-0.6 mg/L. Data was sorted depending on if a D-dimer test was performed, whether it was normal or high and if a PE was found on subsequent CT imaging. Results Of the 310 patients reviewed in this study, 63 had a D-dimer value to accompany their CT scan. 48 had elevated D-dimer results without the presence of a PE, 7 patients had normal D-dimer values with no PE and 8 presented with elevated D-dimer values and a positive PE CT exam. Accompanying these results are the finding of a previous study done by Brent Sacia at FH comparing the D-dimer test and V/Q imaging results.(2) 500 ED patients were researched from January 1, 2011 to October 14, 2011 and 154 were found to have D-dimer labs.(2) 121 patients had elevated D-dimer levels and 2 were found to have a high-probability of PE.(2) The other 33 had normal D-dimer values and 1 exam was found to have a low-probability of PE.(2) The rest were read as normal V/Q scans.(2) Conclusions At FH a chest X-ray is ordered before any further imaging is done for ED patients with concern of PE. Normal X-ray results lead to V/Q imaging and abnormal X-ray results a CT PE exam. Combining the results of these studies shows that the D-dimer test had a false positive result in 90.7% of ED patients and only had a true positive 5.4% of the time. These results show that the D-dimer test is not effective in predicting the presence of DVT or PE, but can be a useful tool in the exclusion of them.
Discussion: Adjusting Land-Grant College Programs and Organizations

fession has made tremendous progress during the last two decades. I believe agricultural economics has developed faster during the last 20 years than most of us in this room today, including Schultz, would have predicted. Let us take his criticisms in the spirit in which they were intended-i.e., to be helpful to the profession-and move ahead to greater heights and more usefulness to society in the years ahead. J. A. NORDIN
The rating and group dynamics of the psychiatric staff conference.

(1956). The Rating and Group Dynamics of the Psychiatric Staff Conference. Psychiatry: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 333-340.
Rapid Drop in Serum Iron Concentration in Myocardial Infarction

Two hundred one patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit had repeated serum iron determinations. There was a rapid (within 24 to 48 hours), pronounced decrease (mean = 64%) of the serum iron concentration in 87% of the 112 patients who had a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Seventy-nine per cent of the 89 patients who did not have an acute myocardial infarction did not have a drop in serum iron concentration. This suggests an association between myocardial infarction and rapid decrease in serum iron concentration.
Over-the-scope clip placement is effective rescue therapy for severe acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background and study aim: The novel over-the-scope clip (OTSC) allows for excellent apposition of tissue, potentially permitting hemostasis to be achieved in various types of gastrointestinal lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and safety of OTSCs for endoscopic hemostasis in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in whom traditional endoscopic methods had failed. Patients and methods: A retrospective case series of all patients who underwent placement of an OTSC for severe recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding over a 14-month period was studied. Outcome data for the procedure included achievement of primary hemostasis, episodes of recurrent bleeding, and complications. Results: Twelve consecutive patients (67 % men; mean age 59, range 29 – 86) with ongoing upper gastrointestinal bleeding despite previous endoscopic management were included. They had a mean ASA score of 3 (range 2 – 4), a mean hemoglobin of 7.2 g/dL (range 5.2 – 9.1), and shock was present in 75 % of patients. They had all received packed red blood cells (mean 5.1 units, range 2 – 12). The etiology of bleeding was: duodenal ulcer (n = 6), gastric ulcer (n = 2) Dieulafoy lesion (n = 2), anastomotic ulceration (n = 1), Mallory – Weiss tear (n = 1). Hemostasis was achieved in all patients. Rebleeding occurred in two patients 1 day and 7 days after OTSC placement. There were no complications associated with OTSC application. Conclusions: OTSC use represents an effective, easily performed, and safe endoscopic therapy for various causes of severe acute gastrointestinal bleeding when conventional endoscopic techniques have failed. This therapy should be added to the armamentarium of therapeutic endoscopists.
Another Perspective on Foreign Policy Making and Foreign Policy Research

In the September 1978 issue of this journal, J. Martin Rochester and Michael Segalla published an article entitled "What Foreign Policy Makers Want From Foreign Policy Researchers: A Data-Based Assessment of FAR Research." While interesting and informative, that article is in a number of very important instances misleading and in spots even inaccurate. These distortions are particularly unfortunate when one considers the importance of the relationship of basic and applied international relations research, and the recent progress (unreported in the 1975 data-based assessment) made toward the amelioration of the so-called "relevance problem." Accordingly, this short comment attempts to address some of the inaccuracies present in the Rochester and Segalla article.
Abstract A51: Acacetin in inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis

Background: Acacetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone) is a member of the flavonoid compound familys, some of which have anti-cancerous effects. Angiogenesis is a key process during carcinogenesis and tumor growth; however, but the effect and the mechanisms of acacetin on angiogenesis and tumor growth remain to be elucidated. Methods: In order to determine the effect of acacetin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and HIF-1α expression, we tested VEGF expression by reporter assay and HIF-1α expression by Western blotting and RT-PCR assay. To test whether overexpression of active form of AKT increases HIF-1 expression, transient transfection was performed. Tumor angiogenesis and tumor formation in vivo were examined by chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Results: Acacetin decreased the steady level of VEGF mRNA under the normoxia and hypoxia conditions while inhibiting, and inhibited VEGF transcriptional activation. To further determine the potential mechanism of acacetin in inhibiting VEGF expression, we showed demonstrated that acacetin inhibited HIF-1α expression and AKT activation. Overexpression of HIF-1α or AKT abolished acacetin-decreasing VEGF transcriptional activation, indicating that AKT and HIF-1 are the essential downstream targets of acacetin for inhibiting VEGF expression in the cells. Moreover, acacetin significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cells-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo through inhibiting HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Acacetin inhibited HIF-1α protein expression through increasing its degradation and decreasing its stability, but did not alter HIF-1α mRNA levels. Conclusion: These results indicate that acacetin inhibits tumor agnigenensis and growth by blocking the AKT/HIF-1/VEGF pathway. It may be a useful natural compound for cancer prevention and treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):A51.
Calculation and Analysis of the Electric Field Intensity of the Building Near the Ultra High Voltage Two Circuit AC Transmission Line on One Tower

To make the electric strength above roof and other area of the building to satisfy the standard requirements,determination of the distance of transmission lines and building is very important. We analyzed the distorted electric field based on the theory of charge simulation method and program is set up for calculation. The results show that:(a) to calculate electric field strength of typical 1000 kV double circuit on one tower transmission line,because of the shielding effect of the building,the maximum value of electric strength between the transmission line and the building is lower than before; moreover,the electric field strength on the roof of higher building is higher than the lower. For example,the electric strength in middle of the edge of the three-storey building's roof is 6 kV/m,higher than the electric field strength of one floor building; meanwhile,because of the shielding effect of the building,the electric field strength side far from the line is lower than before. (b)when the transmission line are hoisted from 25 m to 50 m,the maximum value of electric field strength reduces from 14 to 4.2 kV/m. (c)when the three-storey building is moved away from line from 25 m to 50 m,the maximum value of electric field strength reduces from 14 to 4 kV/m.
Reaction of dimethylamine with 4,5-dichloro-4-cyclopenten- 1,3-dione: X-ray diffraction structure and cyclic voltammetric data for {ie-1}

Dimethylamine reacts with 4,5-dichloro-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (1) to give the monosubstituted amine compound 4-dimethylamino-5-chloro-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (2) as the sole isolable product. Attempts to replace the remaining chlorine group in 2 by a second dimethylamine group have been unsuccessful. Compound 2 has been isolated and characterized in solution by IR and NMR ( 1 H and 13 C) spectroscopy, and the solid-state structure for ClC=C(NMe 2 )C(O)CH 2 C(O) has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. ClC=C(NMe 2 )C(O)CH 2 (O) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1, a = 7.2224(4) A, b = 7.9008(6) A, c = 8.3284(8) A, α = 63.803(6)°, β = 67.401(6)], γ = 87.889(5)°, V = 388.59(6) A 3 , Z = 2, d calc = 1.484 g.cm -3 ; R = 0.0422, R w = 0.0450 for 1552 observed reflections with l > 3σ(l). The cyclic voltammetric behavior of ClC=C(NMe 2 )C(O)CH 2 C(O) has been explored at a platinum electrode in CH 2 Cl 2 and THF, and the orbital composition of the HOMO and LUMO in 2 was established by extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations on the model compound ClC=C(NH 2 )C(O)CH 2 C(O). The cyclic voltammetry data of 2 is contrasted with the known diphosphine compound 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd; 3) and predictions concerning the ability of ClC=C(NMe 2 )C(O)CH 2 C(O) to function as an electron reservoir in organometallic compounds is discussed.
Comparing the energy efficiency of protocols in real networks

This work examines energy-efficient distribution of static content within real networks. Energy use is an increasing concern, with the global telecommunications system and attached devices (ICT) consuming a larger supply of the global energy budget—already somewhere between 2–10%—and with network traffic growing exponentially. Exact numbers for the energy consumption of content distribution methods remain elusive, particularly for complex autonomous systems within the Internet. One proposal that is amenable to gradual migration of existing infrastructure is the insertion of content-centric networking (CCN) capabilities in selected routers; we examine here the energy efficiency of CCN-hybrid networks as compared to unicast and multicast dissemination in full-sized examples of several classes of real network topologies and physical hardware. Prior efforts at estimating the energy efficiency of content distribution methods have not taken specific, real, large-scale router-level network topologies into sufficient consideration; topology has an effect on performance in other areas of network estimation that raises interest in its effect on this question as well.
Influence of topography on soil organic carbon dynamics in a Southern California grassland

Abstract Soil erosion and deposition processes play an important role influencing accumulation and long-term stability of soil organic carbon (SOC). Therefore, evaluations of landscape-scale magnitude and variability of SOC across topographically active landscapes will improve understanding about important drivers of SOC dynamics. In this study, we investigated the relationship between terrain attributes and quantity and spectroscopic characteristics of SOC for a hillslope system in Southern California. Thirteen soil cores were sampled at representative landscape positions with a history of intense erosion. We observed a strong relationship between slope, plan and profile curvature, and quantity and quality of SOC accumulation along the hillslope systems. Specifically, moderate slopes (
Contributions of Moist Convection and Internal Gravity Waves to Building the Atmospheric −5/3 Kinetic Energy Spectra

AbstractWith high-resolution mesoscale model simulations, the authors have confirmed a recent study demonstrating that convective systems, triggered in a horizontally homogeneous environment, are able to generate a background mesoscale kinetic energy spectrum with a slope close to −5/3, which is the observed value for the kinetic energy spectrum at mesoscales. This shallow slope can be identified at almost all height levels from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere in the simulations, implying a strong connection between different vertical levels. The present study also computes the spectral kinetic energy budget for these simulations to further analyze the processes associated with the creation of the spectrum. The buoyancy production generated by moist convection, while mainly injecting energy in the upper troposphere at small scales, could also contribute at larger scales, possibly as a result of the organization of convective cells into mesoscale convective systems. This latter injected ene...
The Palisades of Vogt in Congenital Corneal Opacification (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis).

Purpose The purposes of this study are first, to determine if the palisades of Vogt (POV) are present or absent in cases of congenital corneal opacification (CCO) by using spectral domain ocular coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and second, in those cases already undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), to see whether the absence or presence of POV corresponds to re-epithelialization following transplant. Methods This was a retrospective case review of 20 eyes (10 normal, 10 with CCO) evaluated with SD-OCT. The operator was masked to the clinician's assessment of the ocular surface. In those cases where the decision to perform PKP had already been made, the correlation between POV presence or absence and posttransplant graft epithelialization was determined. Results All cases were imaged without adverse event. Nine eyes showed some evidence of POV and corresponding vasculature. Eight of 10 affected eyes underwent PKP, and subsequently 7 eyes epithelialized and 2 showed some peripheral neovascularization. The one eye that showed no signs of POV was the one that failed to epithelialize. All control subjects had consistent and regular POV. Conclusions Congenital corneal opacification is rare, and this study shows that at least some POV are present in the majority of cases of CCO. However, the palisades may not be entirely normal compared to age-matched controls. When there was absence of POV in a case of CCO, there was immediate and complete failure of epithelialization.
Perceived image quality for autostereoscopic holograms in healthcare training

The current state of dynamic light field holography requires further empirical investigation to ultimately advance this developing technology. This paper describes a user-centered design approach for gaining insight into the features most important to clinical personnel using emerging dynamic holographic displays. The approach describes the generation of a high quality holographic model of a simulated traumatic amputation above the knee using 3D scanning. Using that model, a set of static holographic prints will be created varying in color or monochrome, contrast ratio, and polygon density. Leveraging methods from image quality research, the goal for this paper is to describe an experimental approach wherein participants are asked to provide feedback regarding the elements previously mentioned in order to guide the ongoing evolution of holographic displays.
"If only you were a boy…": Friendship and sexual identity in Mireille Best's Hymne aux Murènes.

While much French fiction devoted to lesbians focuses on romantic relationships, Mireille Best's (1943–2005) first novel, Hymne aux Murenes (Hymn to the Moray Eels) (1986), depicts a wide variety of relationships between the lesbian protagonist, Mila, and the other young women staying in a sanatorium of sorts for the treatment of an unnamed illness. In this all-female environment, Best depicts relationships between Mila and Paule, a closeted lesbian employee of the sanatorium; between Mila and young women like Josette and Lilli, who are somewhat attracted to Mila but, for the most part, do not act on this attraction; and between very close heterosexual friends (Nicoli and Nicola). In so doing, Best expands the reader's notion of friendship between women and blurs the lines between lesbians and heterosexuals, guiding the reader toward a more complex understanding of female friendship in general and lesbian friendship in particular. Throughout the novel, several characters express frustration about ...
Exploring Rural/Non-Rural Differences Among United Methodist Churches and Clergy in North Carolina

Despite the fact that nearly one-third of churches in the United States are located in predominately rural areas, researchers have paid little attention to rural churches and the experiences of their clergy. What little empirical literature does exist typically examines rural churches without providing comparative data to churches in other locations. This study uses church records and a survey of 1,726 actively serving United Methodist Church (UMC) clergy in North Carolina to examine rural/non-rural differences. Analyses were restricted to clergy serving in churches (N = 1,505), and those with non-missing data for each outcome. Three unique ordination statuses exist within the UMC: elder, local pastor and pastors recalled from retirement (retired pastors). Churches were coded as rural based on clergy descriptions of the areas surrounding their primary congregations (e.g., ‘‘rural or open country’’). Church size was measured as number of members.
ASCCP Colposcopy Standards: Risk-Based Colposcopy Practice

ObjectivesThe American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) Colposcopy Standards recommendations address the role of and approach to colposcopy for cervical cancer prevention in the United States.Materials and MethodsThe recommendations were developed by an expert working group appo
High Power 2053 nm Transmission through Single-mode Chalcogenide Fiber

An in-house drawn chalcogenide fiber sustained 12.2 MW/cm2 CW irradiation on the facet without damage, limited by available laser power. After depositing single-layer, anti-reflection coatings on the fiber facets, 90.6% transmission was achieved with 10.2 W output.
Biotensegrity and myofascial chains: A global approach to an integrated kinetic chain

Human movement is a complex orchestration of events involving many different body systems. Understanding how these systems interact during musculoskeletal movements can directly inform a variety of research fields including: injury etiology, injury prevention and therapeutic exercise prescription. Traditionally scientists have examined human movement through a reductionist lens whereby movements are broken down and observed in isolation. The process of reductionism fails to capture the interconnected complexities and the dynamic interactions found within complex systems such as human movement. An emerging idea is that human movement may be better understood using a holistic philosophy. In this regard, the properties of a given system cannot be determined or explained by its components alone, rather, it is the complexity of the system as a whole, that determines how the individual component parts behave. This paper hypothesizes that human movement can be better understood through holism; and provides available observational evidence in musculoskeletal science, which help to frame human movement as a globally interconnected complex system. Central to this, is biotensegrity, a concept where the bones of the skeletal system are postulated to be held together by the resting muscle tone of numerous viscoelastic muscular chains in a tension dependent manner. The design of a biotensegrity system suggests that when human movement occurs, the entire musculoskeletal system constantly adjusts during this movement causing global patterns to occur. This idea further supported by recent anatomical evidence suggesting that the muscles of the human body can no longer by viewed as independent anatomical structures that simply connect one bone to another bone. Rather, the body consists of numerous muscles connected in series, and end to end, which span the entire musculoskeletal system, creating long polyarticular viscoelastic myofascial muscle chains. Although theoretical, the concept of the human body being connected by these muscular chains, within a biotensegrity design, could be a potential underpinning theory for analyzing human movement in a more holistic manner. Indeed, preliminary research has now used the concept of myofascial pathways to enhance musculoskeletal examination, and provides a vivid example of how range of motion at a peripheral joint, is dependent upon the positioning of the entire body, offering supportive evidence that the body's kinetic chain is globally interconnected. Theoretical models that introduce a complex systems approach should be welcomed by the movement science field in an attempt to help explain clinical questions that have been resistant to a linear model.
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in regulatory T-cell development, stability, and function

The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is an essential node in mammalian cells that controls cell growth, migration, proliferation, and metabolism. During the last decade, a number of works have demonstrated an important role for the PI3K/AKT pathway in regulatory T cell development, function, and stability. This review summarizes our current knowledge of how the PI3K/AKT pathway regulates thymic and peripheral Treg generation and function, with an emphasis on translation of these observations to therapies targeting Tregs in several pathologies.
On-line Resources for RNA Science

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the online resources for RNA science. The online resources for RNA science provide world-wide access to RNA data. The compilation of tRNA sequences contains 3279 sequences of tRNAs and tRNA genes. An alignment, compatible with the tRNA phylogeny and known three-dimensional structures of tRNA, is also provided. The Signal Recognition Particle Database contains 99 annotated sequences of signal recognition particle RNAs, grouped phylogenetically and aligned The Antwerp database on large subunit ribosomal RNA contains a total of 496 sequences, mostly from mitochondria and bacteria. The Small RNA Database is a compilation of sequences of small-size RNAs that are not directly involved in protein synthesis. The published sequences originate from nuclear, nucleolar, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial small RNAs from eukaryotic organisms, as well as small RNAs from prokaryotes and viruses. The Viroid and Viroid-like RNA Database is a compilation of 400 natural sequences from 36 different species. These sequences represent those published in journals and those available from GenBank and EMBL nucleotide sequence libraries.
Temporal Gene Coexpression Network Analysis Using A Low-rank plus Sparse Framework

Various gene network models with distinct physical nature have been widely used in biological studies. For temporal transcriptomic studies, the current dynamic models either ignore the temporal variation in the network structure or fail to scale up to a large number of genes due to severe computational bottlenecks and sample size limitation. On the other hand, correlation-based gene networks are more computationally more affordable, but have not been properly extended to gene expression time-course data. We propose Temporal Gene Coexpression Network (TGCN) for the transcriptomic time-course data. The mathematical nature of TGCN is the joint modeling of multiple covariance matrices across time points using a ''low-rank plus sparse'' framework, in which the network similarity across time points is explicitly modeled in the low-rank component. Using both simulations and a real data application, we showed that TGCN improved the covariance estimation loss and identified more robust and interpretable gene modules.
Accuracy of Some Numerical Methods for Column Buckling

Various approximate numerical methods for the determination of the compressive buckling load of Euler columns are investigated. Exact expressions for the buckling load as a function of numbers of nodes or finite elements are obtained for three sets of end conditions. It is found that accuracy of the calculations depends on the edge conditions imposed as well as on the complexity of the functions chosen or implied by the method.
Observations in a cohort of infants with severe laryngeal dyskinesia Auditory brainstem response may aid in the diagnosis

Objectives: Laryngeal dyskinesia is not a well defined clinical entity, and difficult to distinguish from some other laryngeal disorders. We report on the observations, especially auditory brainstem responses, in a series of infants with laryngeal dyskinesia. Methods: All infants with laryngeal dyskinesia, diagnosed in Sophia Children's Hospital between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2003, were included in this retrospective case series study. Auditory brainstem responses were available in most infants. The respiratory, neurological and other symptoms, were recorded. Results: Nine infants were diagnosed with laryngeal dyskinesia. Eight demonstrated severely abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABR), indicating brainstem dysfunction. Most infants also had serious respiratory, and/or neurological disorders. Discussion: It is hypothesized that laryngeal dyskinesia is a manifestation of a complex neurological disorder localized in the brainstem, comparable with brainstem dysgenesis syndrome. We suggest to use ABR in the diagnosis of unexplained laryngeal obstructive disorders to better define the pathology, and possibly the etiology of the disease.
An Improved Lower Bound for the Multimedian Location Problem

We consider the problem of locating, on a network, n new facilities that interact with m existing facilities. In addition, pairs of new facilities interact. This problem, the multimedian location problem on a network, is known to be NP-hard. We give a new integer programming formulation of this problem, and show that its linear programming relaxation provides a lower bound that is superior to the bound provided by a previously published formulation. We also report results of computational testing with both formulations.
High Order ENO and WENO Schemes for Computational Fluid Dynamics

In these lectures we present the basic ideas and recent development in the construction, analysis, and implementation of ENO (Essentially Non-Oscillatory) and WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) schemes and their applications to computational fluid dynamics. ENO and WENO schemes are high order accurate finite difference or finite volume schemes designed for problems with piecewise smooth solutions containing discontinuities. The key idea lies at the approximation level, where a nonlinear adaptive procedure is used to automatically choose the locally smoothest stencil, hence avoiding crossing discontinuities in the interpolation procedure as much as possible. ENO and WENO schemes have been quite successful in computational fluid dynamics and other applications, especially for problems containing both shocks and complicated smooth solution structures, such as compressible turbulence simulations and aeroacoustics.
Building Community in Professional Education: Team Learning by Design

Raising his hand, Solomon sought to make an exchange, “Professor Connell, our team RASNER is willing to trade two shapers for a plant and a coordinator.” Sarah answered back, “Team TQM (Total Quality Management) will trade you one coordinator. We are also looking for a Networker, if you have more than one.” The two teams—RASNER and Team TQM—were attempting to create well-rounded teams, made up of individuals who had specific skill areas lacking in the current team configuration. The process is called rebalancing. To understand what team skills they possessed and what skills they still needed, all team members had taken a team roles assessment test that allowed them to understand their individual role preferences and those of their team mates. In fact, there was only one self-defined “networker” in the class: a member whose specific skill was communicating with the world outside the team to obtain scarce resources to complete team activities.