cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Platinum Chemotherapy Hypersensitivity: Prevalence and Management

Hypersensitivity reactions to platinum agents are common. For carboplatin and cisplatin, the first hypersensitivity reaction typically occurs around the second and third re-exposure during the second line of therapy (eighth and ninth courses overall). For oxaliplatin, the first hypersensitivity reaction can occur throughout the treatment course. Skin testing helps risk stratify patients to appropriate desensitization protocols and assess risk for breakthrough HSRs during desensitization. A risk-stratification protocol using 3 serial skin tests and desensitization protocols enables patients with platinum agent hypersensitivity to receive first-line chemotherapy treatment safely.
The Emergence of Streptococcus anginosus Group as a Cystic Fibrosis Pathogen

Abstract Molecular profiling studies have identified potential emerging pathogens, such as Streptococcus anginosus group, that may play a role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease by either directly causing infection or upregulating the virulence factors of classic CF pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Routine surveillance of CF pathogens using traditional microbiology culture guides treatment and management of CF patients; however, routine CF culture protocols have not been modified to select for, detect, and further determine the role these emerging pathogens play in the progression of CF lung disease.
Minimizing Cognitive Load in Representing Processes in a Business Process Diagram: Capturing the Process and Making Inferences About It

ABSTRACT: In the context of a kaiten-sushi restaurant, this guided learning experience minimizes learners' cognitive load as they construct a business process diagram (BPD) from the transcript of a conversation. The guidance provides a construction strategy, directs the construction, and illustrates the diagram. Instructors can vary the guidance to match learners' zones-of-proximal development (ZPD) or, when used with skilled learners, omit the guidance entirely. The guidance reduces the cognitive load of this experience, which is intended to enable learners to build mental schemas for developing BPDs in subsequent business situations. The guided experience is suitable for courses in which learners work with business processes, including accounting information systems (AIS), auditing, business analytics, and information systems (IS). Working through the experience requires students to think critically about the business process and implications of changes in the business process. The Teaching Notes includ...
Engineered superlattices with crossover from decoupled to synthetic ferromagnetic behavior

The extent of interfacial charge transfer and the resulting impact on magnetic interactions were investigated as a function of sublayer thickness in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 ferromagnetic superlattices. Element-specific soft x-ray magnetic spectroscopy reveals that the electronic structure is altered within 5-6 unit cells of the chemical interface, and can lead to a synthetic ferromagnet with strong magnetic coupling between the sublayers. The saturation magnetization and coercivity depends sensitively on the sublayer thickness due to the length scale of this interfacial effect. For larger sublayer thicknesses, the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 sublayers are magnetically decoupled, displaying two independent magnetic transitions with little sublayer thickness dependence. These results demonstrate how interfacial phenomena at perovskite oxide interfaces can be used to tailor their functional properties at the atomic scale.
Looking inside ourselves: a culture of kindness

Looking inside ourselves—being present and attentive to our own and others’ words and feelings—helps us communicate and interact with a mindful, open heart. Mindfulness and patient-centeredness help caregivers provide higher quality care. Historical background on a predecessor of mindfulness—the biopsychosocial model of health and disease, developed at the University of Rochester—provides context for the mindfulness “movement” in health care. A culture of mindfulness, supported by mindfulness and meditation training for physicians and other health care providers, helps practitioners show greater compassion, kindness, and humanity, all qualities that patients need and deserve. In the health care world, many organizations have been created that focus on aspects of mindfulness. Some have a more clinical emphasis and others focus on behavioral or neuroscience research as it relates to meditation, mindfulness, compassion, and kindness. Mindfulness is also being taught in business schools and corporations. Leaders who approach their teams with respect, integrity, honesty, and kindness are more effective leaders. Organizations like Google, Nike, and Aetna, among others, use the concept of mindfulness, as well as emotional and social intelligence, to build interpersonal competencies and create more people-centered workplaces. As medical libraries live in the health care environment and medical library leaders are key to libraries’ present and future, there are strong reasons to address the concepts of mindfulness and kindness and put them to work in the medical library workplaces. A mindfulness meditation exercise closes the lecture, sending the attendees out into their day with calm and open minds and hearts. A transcript of the lecture and accompanying slides are available in the supplementary materials.
What is a Differential Equation

The purpose of this chapter is to give an illustrated summary of some of the basic analytical and geometric ideas from ordinary differential equations (see the figures at the end of the chapter). For a more leisurely exposition of this material, you can consult sections 3.1, 4.1, and 4.4 of Braun [1983], for example, or sections 2.3, 7.1, and 9.2 of Boyce & DiPrima [1977]. You may also enjoy reading Chapter 1 of Hirsch & Smale [1974].
Ordered Algebraic Structures in Analysis

Real analysis is founded on the fundamental properties of the real number system. The arithmetic structures one studies in real analysis such as linear spaces and linear algebras are based on the additive structure and multiplicative structure of the reals. On the other hand, the order structure of the reals allows for comparisons of quantities expressed by inequalities. For more complex objects of real analysis such as real functions, positivity of their derivatives and integrals characterize monotonicity, another aspect of order.
Gamifying Education: Motivation and the Implementation of Digital Badges for Use in Higher Education

This article describes how gamification in education through the use of digital badges has emerged as a means to motivate and reward student learning. This exploratory, multi-case study looked at the motivations and perceptions of 90 higher education students across four disciplines, regarding the use of digital badges as an incentive for either a performance-related task or for student effort. Survey findings suggest that although students found the badges motivating, learning the course content and the overall course grade were more important to them than the tangible reward. The successful implementation of digital badges in higher education requires advanced planning to promote awareness of the usefulness of digital badges with students.
A mid-Cretaceous ambrosia fungus, Paleoambrosia entomophila gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Ophiostomatales) in Burmese (Myanmar) amber, and evidence for a femoral mycangium.

Abstract An ambrosia fungus is described from filamentous sporodochia adjacent to a wood–boring ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Yeast-like propagules and hyphal fragments of Paleoambrosia entomophila gen. nov. et sp. nov. occur in glandular sac mycangia located inside the femur of the beetle. This is the first record of a fossil ambrosia fungus, showing that symbiotic associations between wood–boring insects and ectosymbiotic fungi date back some 100 million years ago. The present finding moves the origin of fungus-growing by insects from the Oligocene to the mid-Cretaceous and suggests a Gondwanan origin.
An investigation of the performance of urban rail transit systems on the corridor level: A comparative analysis in the American west

Abstract Since the 1980s, significant investments have been made in urban rail transit across the United States, particularly using light rail technology. Most of these light rail systems have been built in Sunbelt cities which no longer had legacy rail systems. As a result, they were constructed using a building blocks approach, being funded corridor by corridor. Most research, however, on urban rail performance has taken place at the system-wide level, leaving a significant gap at the level of the transit corridor. This research examined nineteen urban rail corridors in Denver, Salt Lake City, and Portland. A performance score was constructed for each corridor based upon ridership per mile, ridership growth, capital costs, and the cost of ongoing operations. These scores were then compared with the geographic profile of each corridor studied. Corridors in each city ranked high and low, with no city emerging as a clear frontrunner. More centrally-located corridors in each city registered the highest performance scores, while longer corridors in more peripheral locations had lower performance scores. Headways, population density, job density, walkability, and percentage renter occupied housing units were found to have a statistically significant relationship with high corridor performance, largely in line with previous studies, though median income, bus connections, and park and ride spaces were not found to increase performance in this study.
A Review and Update of Treatment Options Using the Acne Scar Classification System.

BACKGROUNDAn unfortunate consequence of acne vulgaris is residual scarring that can negatively affect a patient's quality of life.OBJECTIVEJacob and colleagues have previously described an acne scar classification system based on acne scar pathology that divided atrophic acne scars into icepick, rol
Steroids in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and at parturition in the mare

Historically, studies on the endocrinology of pregnancy and parturition in horses have made major contributions of relevance to mammals in general. Recent use of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, measuring multiple steroid hormones simultaneously in blood, foetal and placental tissues throughout normal gestation, and in mares with experimentally induced placentitis, has advanced our current understanding of many of the unusual strategies seen during gestation and at foaling. This includes the stimulation of luteal steroidogeneisis by equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) from the endometrial cups, resulting in additional androgen and oestrogen secretion. Progesterone declines as the endometrial cups and eCG disappears, replaced by 5α-dihydroprogesterone (DHP), a potent equine progesterone receptor (PR) agonist, as the chorioallantoic placenta develops. Placental steroidogenesis thereafter is influenced by foetal pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone secretion, providing substrate for 5α-pregnane and oestrogen synthesis, an unusual example of a 'foeto-placental unit'. Foetal gonadal dehydroepiandrosterone fuels placental oestrone sulphate secretion, peaking at higher concentrations in mares than any other species known, declining steadily thereafter to term. Additional 5α-reduced (DHP) metabolites increase from mid-gestation to peak concentrations 3-5 days before foaling, declining prepartum, most likely as a result of selective loss of placental SRD5A1 (5α-reductase) expression and activity. Similar changes occur in mares with experimentally induced placentitis, which is also associated with a decreased ratio of equine PR-B:PR-A in myometrium, suggesting that progestin withdrawal is both systemic (pregnanes) and local (receptor-dependent) in mares. In addition, some steroids detected during equine pregnancy by immuno-assay are not detected by mass spectrometry, further illustrating the immense value of this technology.
Correction to: Rethinking natural kinds, reference and truth: towards more correspondence with reality, not less

Section 3.11 in the original publication contains a mistake. Please find here the corrected sentence.
What-If Reasoning using Counterfactual Gaussian Processes

Answering "What if?" questions is important in many domains. For example, would a patient's disease progression slow down if I were to give them a dose of drug A? Ideally, we answer our question using an experiment, but this is not always possible (e.g., it may be unethical). As an alternative, we can use non-experimental data to learn models that make counterfactual predictions of what we would observe had we run an experiment. In this paper, we propose the counterfactual GP, a counterfactual model of continuous-time trajectories (time series) under sequences of actions taken in continuous-time. We develop our model within the potential outcomes framework of Neyman and Rubin. The counterfactual GP is trained using a joint maximum likelihood objective that adjusts for dependencies between observed actions and outcomes in the training data. We report two sets of experimental results using the counterfactual GP. The first shows that it can be used to learn the natural progression (i.e. untreated progression) of biomarker trajectories from observational data. In the second, we show how the CGP can be used for medical decision support by learning counterfactual models of renal health under different types of dialysis.
A photogrammetry-based experimental modal analysis method by tracking visible laser spots

Abstract A photogrammetry-based experimental modal analysis (EMA) method is developed, where a single-point laser shines a laser beam to a surface of a test object and an exterior feature is added to the test object in the form of a high-contrast laser spot. A three-dimensional kinematic model is developed to derive the kinematic relation between the laser spot and its associated image target on an image plane of a camera. A point-tracking technique is proposed to determine two-dimensional pixel coordinates of the optical intensity centroid of the image target on a digital image. The derived kinematic relation and EMA method were experimentally investigated. In the experimental investigation, displacements of multiple points at a cantilever beam were measured by a digital camera. Natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cantilever beam were estimated using the EMA method, and they compared well with those from a finite element model of the cantilever beam.
Adaptive Control of Systems with Unknown Nonminimum-Phase Zeros Using Cancellation-Based Pseudo-identification

Adaptive control of linear systems with unknown nonminimum-phase (NMP) zeros remains a significant challenge. Although retrospective cost adaptive control (RCAC) is applicable to NMP systems with known NMP zeros, errors in the knowledge of those zeros can lead to unstable pole/zero cancellation under sufficiently aggressive tuning. To address this problem, this paper provides a numerical investigation of a heuristic extension of RCAC that exploits the propensity of RCAC to cancel NMP zeros, thereby inferring the NMP zeros. This modeling information can be subsequently incorporated within the target model used by RCAC. By focusing on only NMP zeros, this approach is distinct from conventional system identification, which relies on input-output data for model fitting. This cancellation-based technique relies on saturation of the control input and instability of the feedback controller. Simultaneous occurrence of control saturation and controller instability provides a heuristic indicator that the controller has cancelled one or more NMP zero during closed-loop operation. The estimated NMP zeros are subsequently used within a cancellation-based pseudo-identification extension of RCAC to prevent further cancellation of the NMP zeros.
1966 Evolution of demographic parameters

Abstract William D. Hamilton (1966) sought to develop a simple understanding of how natural selection acts on equivalent changes in mortality as a function of age. He came up with the simple result that starting at sexual maturity, the strength of selection acting on equivalent changes in mortality will decrease with increasing age. Thus, senescence is a logical byproduct of natural selection.
The small-slope approximation for layered, fluid seafloors

The small-slope approximation (SSA) for rough-interface scattering is most commonly applied to the upper boundary of either impenetrable media or uniform half-space media, but has been recently developed for layered media in the acoustic and electromagnetic cases. The present work gives an overview of three forms of the SSA for layered media. The first has been previously presented in the acoustics literature. The second is from the electromagnetics literature and in the present work is converted to the fluid-sediment problem. A missing proof is supplied of a key consistency condition demanded of the small-slope ansatz. As is usual, these small-slope results are expressed in k-space. A third SSA for layered seafloors follows from conversion of the usual half-space formulation from k-space to coordinate space. This form turns out to be useful for reverberation simulations. The three different approaches are compared with respect to scattering strength and the coherent reflection coefficient, but an assessment of their relative merits will require comparison with exact calculations.
The relationship between journal citation impact and citation sentiment: A study of 32 million citances in PubMed Central

Citation sentiment plays an important role in citation analysis and scholarly communication research, but prior citation sentiment studies have used small data sets and relied largely on manual ann...
Brugada ECG patterns in athletes

Brugada syndrome is responsible for up to 4% of all sudden cardiac deaths worldwide and up to 20% of sudden cardiac deaths in patients with structurally normal hearts. Heterogeneity of repolarization and depolarization, particularly over the right ventricle and the outflow tract, is responsible for the arrhythmogenic substrate. The coved Type I ECG pattern is considered diagnostic of the syndrome but its prevalence is very low. Distinguishing between a saddle back Type 2 Brugada pattern and one of many “Brugada-like” patterns presents challenges especially in athletes. A number of criteria have been proposed to assess Brugada ECG patterns. Proper precordial ECG lead placement is paramount. This paper reviews Brugada syndrome, Brugada ECG patterns, and recently proposed criteria. Recommendations for evaluating a Brugada ECG pattern are provided.
A Healthy Beverage Score and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression, Incident Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort.

Background Beverages are a source of calories and other bioactive constituents but are an understudied aspect of the diet. Different beverages have varying effects on health outcomes. Objectives We created the Healthy Beverage Score (HBS) to characterize participants' beverage patterns and examined its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality among individuals with CKD. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 2283 adults aged 21-74 y with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of 20-70 mL · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort. Diet was assessed using a 124-item FFQ at visit 1 (2003-2008). The HBS, ranging from 7 to 28 possible points, consisted of 7 components, each scored from 1 to 4 based on rank distribution by quartile, except alcohol, which was based on sex-specific cutoffs. Participants were given more points for higher consumption of low-fat milk and of coffee/tea, for moderate alcohol, and for lower consumption of 100% fruit juice, whole-fat milk, artificially sweetened beverages, and sugar-sweetened beverages. CKD progression, incident CVD, and mortality were ascertained through January 2018. We conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results There were 815 cases of CKD progression, 285 cases of incident CVD, and 725 deaths over a maximum of 14 y of follow-up. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of the HBS, participants in the highest tertile had a 25% lower likelihood of CKD progression (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.89; P-trend = 0.001) and a 17% lower likelihood of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69, 1.00; P-trend = 0.04) after adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and dietary factors. There was no significant trend for incident CVD. Conclusions Among individuals with CKD, a healthier beverage pattern was inversely associated with CKD progression and all-cause mortality. Beverage intake may be an important modifiable target in preventing adverse outcomes for individuals with CKD.
'Fiscal Policy' Before Keynes' General Theory

In this paper, I consider the evolution of the meaning of “fiscal policy” as understood in the economics literature before the publication of Keynes’s General Theory. Consideration of the evolving meaning of fiscal policy is preliminary to understanding both the rise of Macroeconomics and the development of modern Public Economics. In brief, fiscal policy was conceived very differently in the period before 1936, and it was only in the 1930s that the meaning of “fiscal policy” even began to approach the modern narrow definition – macroeconomic stabilization through the manipulation of taxation and government spending. What is apparent from a survey of the early literature is that fiscal policy was analytically protean, it’s meaning varying to encompass an amalgam of topics including taxes, international trade policy, and public debt financing. Fiscal policy was intuitively understood to refer to the government purse and implied government action or intervention in the economy. What constituted fiscal policy at any point in time was highly responsive to the external pressure of politics and the public’s view of what economics is/was and should/could do. Thus, the history of fiscal policy is, in part, the history of changing conceptions of the government’s role in the economy.
The Journey to Seneca Falls: Mary Wollstonecraft, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Legal Emancipation of Women

“[T]he star that guides us all,” President Barack Obama declared in his Second Inaugural, is our commitment to “human dignity and justice.” This commitment has led us “through Seneca Falls and Selma and Stonewall” towards the equality that we enjoy today. This Article concerns the pre-history to the Seneca Falls Convention of Women’s Rights, alluded to by President Obama. It is a journey that began during the infancy of the common law in medieval England. It leads through the construction, by generations of English lawyers and religious figures, of a strong and imposing monolith of patriarchal rule. By marriage women lost their independent legal personality and were, for purposes of law, incorporated into their husband in accord with the legal doctrine known as coverture. The husband represented the family in civic affairs, was exclusively empowered to make all legally effective decisions for the family, and generally governed his wife and household. This Article is a history of the early phases of the challenge brought against this mode of organizing domestic life. Mary Wollstonecraft, a selfmade woman of the eighteenth century, objected to male domination in her books, essays, and works of fiction. She coined the expression “rights of * Dr. Charles J. Reid, Jr. is Professor at the University of St. Thomas School of Law in Minneapolis. I would like to thank Ann Bateson and the library staff of the University of St. Thomas for the wonderful support they invariably demonstrate. I would like also to thank the staffs of the Seneca Falls Historical Society and the Seneca Falls National Historic Site for their patience in answering my innumerable questions. Finally, I would like to thank my diligent and thoughtful research assistants—Natolie Hochhausen, Vaughn Frazher, and Lauren Anthone. 1. President Barack Obama, Second Inaugural Address (Jan. 21, 2013), in THE WASH. POST, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/president-obamas-second-inaugural-address-transcript/ 2013/01/21/f148d234-63d6-11e2-85f5-a8a9228e55e7_story.htmlJ. 2. Id.
Sex differences in how ethnic-racial identity informs first coital affect and virginity beliefs among Black college students.

Objective: The present study examined whether ethnic-racial identity (ERI) exploration, resolution, and affirmation informed individuals' beliefs about virginity (ie, virginity as a gift, stigma, process) and first coital affective reactions (FCAR; ie, positive and negative), and whether these relations varied by biological sex. Participants and method: The sample consisted of 184 Black college students (Mage = 19.79, SD = 2.08) enrolled in a large Southern university. Participants completed a virginity beliefs measure, first coital affective reaction measure, and an ethnic-racial identity measure. Results: Findings indicated that for Black females, greater ERI exploration was associated with decreased virginity as a gift beliefs; and ERI resolution was associated with increased virginity as a gift beliefs. Additionally, for Black males and females, ERI affirmation resulted in more positive FCAR, less negative FCAR, and less views of virginity as a stigma. Conclusion:Finding implications are presented in the context of future research.
Culinary Culture in Colonial India. A Cosmopolitan Platter and the Middle-Class

Utsa Ray’s Culinary Culture in Colonial India provides a robust historiography of Bengali cuisine that allows for productive new conceptualizations on cuisine and territory. There are three kinds o...
Evolutionary cell biology: Closest unicellular relatives of animals crawl when squeezed.

Summary Cell motility is critical for animal biology, but its evolutionary history is unclear. A new study reports blebbing motility — a form of cell crawling — in the closest living relative of animals, suggesting that the unicellular ancestors of animals could crawl.
Carrier Diffusion Lengths in Continuously Grown and Etched-and-Regrown GaN Pin Diodes

Advanced GaN power devices are promising for many applications in high power electronics but performance limitations due to material quality in etched-and-regrown junctions prevent their widespread use. Carrier diffusion length is a critical parameter that not only determines device performance but is also a diagnostic of material quality. Here we present the use of electron-beam induced current to measure carrier diffusion lengths in continuously grown and etched-and-regrown GaN pin diodes as models for interfaces in more complex devices. Variations in the quality of the etched-and-regrown junctions are observed and shown to be due to the degradation of the n-type material. We observe an etched-and-regrown junction with properties comparable to a continuously grown junction.
Antibiotic Prescribing in Adults Presenting with Pharyngitis Pre- and Post-Implementation of a Rapid Group A Streptococcus Test:

Background: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis is the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis and is often over treated with unnecessary antibiotics. The purpose was to evaluate if im...
A Comparative Study of Families of Schizophrenics, Delinquents, and Normals†

(1965). A Comparative Study of Families of Schizophrenics, Delinquents, and Normals. Psychiatry: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 45-59.
Renegotiating International Project Agreements

The Essay examines the phenomenon of renegotiation of international project agreements, explores its nature and causes, and offers useful advice on how best to conduct the renegotiation process. RENEGOTIATING INTERNATIONAL PROJECT AGREEMENTS Jeswald W. Salacuse*
Antioxidant activity by headspace gas chromatography of volatile oxidation products of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated lipids.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the antioxidant activity by headspace gas chromatography (GC) of volatile oxidation products of ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated lipids. The technique of headspace GC is rapid and suitable for biological materials because no sample workup is necessary. This method can be used to determine the specific oxidation of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It is ideal for the measurement of oxidative susceptibility as affected by diet and etiology of biological samples. This method may prove to be valuable for routine checking of antioxidant supplementation and clinical etiology. A wide range of phenolic compounds have been shown to inhibit the in vitro oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which plays an important role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Plant phenolic antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may also have a protective effect on coronary heart disease and cancer, but the molecular basis of protection is not understood. A better knowledge of the mechanism of natural antioxidants requires more systematic studies with specific methods providing specific chemical information that can be related directly to oxidative modifications of biological systems. Pharmacokinetic data are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the polyphenolic antioxidant compounds in fruits and beverages and their potential role in reducing coronary heart disease.
Modeling Covered Interest Parity Deviations - A Structural VAR Approach

The paper develops a simple model to explain Covered Interest Parity (CIP) deviations. The model allows for a time-varying country risk premium and is used to motivate a Structural Vector Auto-Regression (SVAR) approach to study the joint dynamics of the Covered Interest Differential (CID) and the Forward Premium (FP). Three independent, structural shocks are postulated – a country risk premium shock, an inflation rate differential shock and a forward market shock. Long run restrictions are imposed to enable identification of the parameters relating the structural shocks to the reduced form shocks. The main contributions are as follows. (1) The paper develops a methodology to relate movements in the VAR endogenous variables to a larger number of structural shocks than the number of endogenous variables. (2) The paper proposes this SVAR methodology as a way to test CIP on a risk-adjusted basis. The identifying restrictions are motivated by the theoretical model mentioned earlier. The SVAR methodology allows one to relate movements in CID and FP to underlying structural shocks and provides information regarding the speed of market response to these shocks. In the process, the methodology sheds light on why CIP does not hold. (3) The paper makes an empirical contribution by applying this methodology to study financial integration between Indian and US markets at the short end of the curve.
Illegal Lofts in New York City: Have the Equities Been Balanced

In New York City today, tens of thousands of people, primarily tenants, are illegally occupying lofts. These tenants have signed commercial leases, often long-term leases at rents far below the current market rate. The changing economics of loft buildings has led to serious conflicts between landlords and tenants. Landlords have sought to evict tenants before their leases expire, refused to renew their leases or demanded higher rental rates upon renewal. Tenants have withheld rent for extended periods. These conflicts have been taken to the courts, and legislation recently enacted in New York State attempts to resolve these issues for at least some tenants and landlords. At the same time, New York City has been concerned about this tenant-landlord conflict, as well as the overall impact on the city’s economy of both legal and illegal conversions of loft buildings from manufacturing or commercial to residential use. The city has taken an active role in seeking statutory solutions to these problems, but it is yet unclear whether the city’s efforts have been successful.
Scaling properties of the critical behaviour of the dilute antiferromagnet Fe0.93Zn0.07F2

Critical scattering analyses for dilute antiferromagnets are made difficult by the lack of predicted theoretical line shapes beyond mean-field models. Nevertheless, with the use of some general scaling assumptions we have developed a procedure by means of which we can analyse the equilibrium critical scattering in these systems for H = 0, the random-exchange Ising model, and, more importantly, for H>0, the random-field Ising model. Our new fitting approach, unlike the more conventional techniques, allows us to obtain the universal critical behaviour exponents and amplitude ratios as well as the critical line shapes. We discuss the technique as applied to Fe0.93Zn0.07F2. The general technique, however, should be applicable to other problems where the scattering line shapes are not well understood but scaling is expected to hold.
Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells Treated With the Dual 5 Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor Dutasteride

We sought preclinical data on the cellular and molecular effects of dutasteride in androgen-responsive, human prostate cancer (PCa) cells to better understand the mechanisms of action of 5 alpha-reductase inhibition in these cells. We used the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, which exhibits most features of PCa cells including androgen responsiveness. Our findings show that dutasteride kills PCa cells in vitro; it dramatically reduced viability and proliferation and disrupted genes and cellular pathways involved in metabolic, cell cycle, and apoptotic responses besides those expected in androgen-signaling pathways. Microchip gene array expression analysis revealed activation of genes in the FasL/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) apoptotic and cell-survival pathways, correlating with the growth and survival effects in the LNCaP cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed expression level changes seen by microarray analysis of candidate genes such as PLA2G2A, CDK8, CASP7, MDK, and NKX3.1. Collectively, our findings delineate the cellular and molecular effects of dutasteride in androgen-responsive PCa cells in vitro and may lead to its better therapeutic and chemopreventive use in PCa.
Significance of Burn Types, as Measured by Using the Spark Plugs as Ionization Probes, with Respect to the Hydrocarbon Emission Levels in S. I. Engines

The significance of burn types on hydrocarbon emissions from spark ignition engines was investigated by analyzing combustion signals with the utilization of spark plugs as ionization probes. A correlation between the simultaneously recorded combustion and cylinder pressure signals allowed for the use of combustion signals to identify three types of burns, viz., good burns, slow burns, and misfires. During both deceleration and operation with exhaust gas recirculation, degradation from good burns followed the same pattern irrespective of engine type tested. Good burns gradually turned into slow burns and then into misfires as deceleration became more severe or as the EGR rate was increased. Slow burns resulted in 3 to 13 times the hydrocarbons that resulted from good burns, and misfires increased hydrocarbon levels 18 to 24 times those resulting from good burns. About 60 percent of the unburned fuel leaving the engine cylinder appeared to be burned up in part of the exhaust manifold.
Niacin Toxicity Resulting from Urine Drug Test Evasion

Abstract Background: Niacin, a well-established agent for treating dyslipidemia, has been promoted on the Internet as a method for passing urine drug screening, although there are no data to support its use for this purpose. In a handful of cases, this practice has resulted in serious niacin toxicity. Objectives: The aim of this article is to describe a unique clinical presentation of niacin toxicity. Case Report: A 23-year-old previously healthy man presented to an Emergency Department with altered mental status, fever, acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy. It was revealed that he had taken approximately 22.5 g of sustained-release niacin over the preceding 48 h in an attempt to pass a pre-employment urine drug screen. After a complicated hospital course that included mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure and hemodialysis for acute renal failure, the patient made a full recovery and was discharged 10 days after his initial presentation. Conclusion: After a massive niacin overdose, the young man in this case presented with a complex clinical picture that mimicked concurrent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Although this patient was fortunate to make a full recovery, the case highlights the potential for multi-system toxicity with niacin overdose, and the potential for harm posed by medical misinformation on the Internet.
Synthetic surfactant scavenges oxidants and protects against hyperoxic lung injury

Injury and mortality after exposure to 100% oxygen can be diminished by surfactants that may operate by mechanisms other than those responsible for surface tension effects. We tested the hypotheses that 1) synthetic surfactant and its components function as antioxidants in vitro and 2) decrements in hyperoxic injury after treatment with a surfactant and its components are associated with decreases in oxidative stress to the lung. A synthetic surfactant (Exosurf) and its non-surface-active components tyloxapol and cetyl alcohol were incubated in an iron-containing hydroxyl radical-generating system to determine their abilities to prevent oxidation of deoxyribose. Doses of tyloxapol, cetyl alcohol, and artificial surfactant diminished the absorbance of thiobarbituric acid-reactive products of deoxyribose. Similarly, tyloxapol, cetyl alcohol, and the surfactant decreased hydroxylated products of salicylate in the same system. Rats were instilled intratracheally with saline, tyloxapol, tyloxapol plus cetyl alcohol, or artificial surfactant and immediately exposed to air or 100% oxygen. After 61 h of oxygen exposure, pleural fluid volume and wet-to-dry lung weight ratios were decreased in animals treated with surfactant and/or its components. There were also decrements in thiobarbituric acid-reactive products of lung tissue. In separate experiments, mean survival of saline-treated rats exposed to 100% oxygen was 67.3 +/- 8.1 h and > 96 h for rats given the surfactant or its components. We conclude that tyloxapol, cetyl alcohol, and Exosurf can function as antioxidants in vitro and their in vivo instillation is associated with reduction in measures of hyperoxic injury, oxidized tissue products, and mortality.
Burst-mode high power femtosecond laser propagation through the atmosphere

We describe the first demonstration of self-channeling in the atmosphere by bursts of high power femtosecond laser pulses. We study the long distance energy propagation and ablation of solid targets by the self-channeled beam.
Primary carcinoma of Bartholin's gland.

Summary A case of adenocarcinoma of the left Bartholin's gland with metastases to the left inguinal and iliac lymph nodes is reported. A “second look” procedure eight months after radical surgery showed no evidence of recurrence of the tumor or metastases. Treatment by radical surgery of the local lesion and the regional lymph nodes is advocated.
Piecewise solutions of electrical networks with coupling elements

The piecewise method of network analysis developed by Kron under the name of “diakoptics” is adapted to account for coupling interactions between torn subnetworks using two different characterizations of electrical networks with coupling elements: (a) the standard network representation in which couplings between branches do not affect the topological description of the network but are included in the constitutive volt-ampere branch relations, appearing as off-diagonal terms in the branch immittance matrices; (b) the augmented network representation in which coupling elements appear as extra controlled-source branches acting as topological constraints and setting up the branch immittance matrices in diagonal forms. It is shown that the tearing algorithms of network solutions are remarkably more efficient when applied to augmented networks and, in particular, lead to simple computations of network sensitivities with respect to coupling parameters. Simple examples are presented to illustrate the basic features of various tearing algorithms.
He kuleana kō kākou: Hawaiian-language learners and the construction of (alter)native identities

This article examines the various language ideologies and cultural models that inform Hawaiian-language learners' experiences, language practices, and socio-ethnic identity as they attempt to become speakers of their heritage language. While Hawaiian-language education is often noted as a revitalization success story, and certainly is in terms of its rapid growth and enrollment numbers, many broader outcomes remain unclear, despite their potentially enormous impact on the continued perpetuation of the Hawaiian language. In particular, I focus on the meaning that learning the Hawaiian language has for new speakers and learners, and the ideologies that influence these understandings. Because peoples' ideas about language and identity are so influential for the process and outcomes of language revitalization efforts, I examine the instances and effects of both Western and indigenous ideologies – specifically those authenticity and kuleana (or responsibility, right, and charge). This latter understanding of t...
THE ORGANIZATION AND USE OF A DEPARTMENTAL READING COLLECTION IN THE MODERN LANGUAGES

IN MODERN language instruction at the college level the ability to read is normally the principal aim. At least that should be the principal aim, if the language requirements, the practical needs and the desires of the student personnel of the courses are taken conjointly into consideration. To promote a reading adjustment as early in the program as possible, to prolong the student's reading experience to the maximum extent consonant with the development of other necessary features of language instruction, to make reading in the nonvernacular as natural and desirable as in the vernacular, within logical limits, and to stimulate and direct the individual student's interest in using the foreign language as a means to the attainment of his own ends are a few of the requirements imposed upon the teaching staff if this aim is to be realized. From the outset, the student's reading must be of two types: intensive, or analytical, and extensive, where the objective may be summarized as "losing one's self in the language," with the thought content in the focus of the attention and without conscious heed to any linguistic phenomena-"reading for the fun of it," as one freshman put it. In its organization and use of this extensive reading feature, the Modern Language Department of the Junior College of the University of Chicago experimented in 1923-1924 with a departmental reading collection, with highly satisfactory results. Its creation was prompted by the following conditions: first, the necessity of providing first-year reading material suitable to a wide variety of college students, classifiable as freshmen, upper classmen, pre-medical, professional, graduate and unclassified and ranging from immaturity to ripe maturity. Second, the advisability of bringing the student into personal contact with foreign made books in the foreign languages under instruction. Third,
Automated Detection of Cloud and Cloud Shadow in Single-Date Landsat Imagery Using Neural Networks and Spatial Post-Processing

The use of Landsat data to answer ecological questions is greatly increased by the effective removal of cloud and cloud shadow from satellite images. We develop a novel algorithm to identify and classify clouds and cloud shadow, SPARCS: Spatial Procedures for Automated Removal of Cloud and Shadow. The method uses a neural network approach to determine cloud, cloud shadow, water, snow/ice and clear sky classification memberships of each pixel in a Landsat scene. It then applies a series of spatial procedures to resolve pixels with ambiguous membership by using information, such as the membership values of neighboring pixels and an estimate of cloud shadow locations from cloud and solar geometry. In a comparison with FMask, a high-quality cloud and cloud shadow classification algorithm currently available, SPARCS performs favorably, with substantially lower omission errors for cloud shadow (8.0% and 3.2%), only slightly higher omission errors for clouds (0.9% and 1.3%, respectively) and fewer errors of commission (2.6% and 0.3%). Additionally, SPARCS provides a measure of uncertainty in its classification that can be exploited by other algorithms that require clear sky pixels. To illustrate this, we present an application that constructs obstruction-free composites of images acquired on different dates in support of a method for vegetation change detection.
Indicators of aqueous alteration in CM carbonaceous chondrites: Microtextures of a layered mineral containing Fe, S, O and Ni

A petrographic and transmission electron microscopy study of the Mighei, Murchison. and Murray CM carbonaceous chondrites shows that much of the CM matrix material was probably produced by aqueous alteration of olivine, pyroxene, sulfide, and metal. The amount of CM matrix appears to be proportional to the degree of alteration, as suggested by McSween (1979), and microtextures of PCP (“poorly characterized phase”) provide evidence of the progressive alteration. PCP is divided into two major types; one occurs in chondrules and aggregates and consists largely of an Fe-Ni-S-O phase (Type-I), and the other occurs in matrix and consists of the Fe-Ni-S-O phase and cronstedtite in various proportions (Type-II). Microtextures of PCP suggest that it resulted from a three-stage alteration process. 1. (1) Type-I was produced by alteration of kamacite in chondrules and aggregates, presumably early, in the parent body regolith. 2. (2) As the alteration advanced, olivine and pyroxene were converted to serpentine. Type-I PCP separated from chondrules and aggregates (into the matrix) during regolith gardening. Simultaneously, the Fe-Ni-S-O phase reacted with Si (released by alteration of olivine and pyroxene), producing well-formed platy cronstedtite and coherent intergrowths of the Fe-Ni-S-O phase and cronstedtite. The Fe-Ni-S-O phase also recrystallized into platy and pod-like crystals. Fe. S. Ni, Cr. and P were leached out of Type-I PCP and were deposited as small grains of Fe-Ni Sulfides, magnetite, chromite. and a mineral (unidentified) containing Fe. Ni, Cr, and P. As a result, PCP came to consist primarily of the Fe-Ni-S-O phase and cronstedtite, i.e., Type-II PCP. 3. (3) During continued alteration, the well formed crystals of the Fe-Ni-S-O phase, cronstedtite, and their intergrowths in Type-II PCP were replaced by poorly formed fibers. In comparison to other CM chondrites, Mighei. Murchison, and Murray are relatively unaltered. Their matrices retain abundant amounts of the Fe-Ni-S-O phase and cronstedtite, commonly as distinctive PCP grains, which account for a large proportion of the Fe in these meteorite matrices. In more altered CM chondrites, much of the Fe-Ni-S-O phase was probably consumed to produce cronstedtite, magnetite, and sulfides. With further alteration, cronstedtite itself reacted with the serpentine to form ferroan serpentine. Thus the CM matrix was increasingly enriched in Mg with alteration, and PCP was increasingly degraded and intimately mixed with the magnesian phyllosilicates.