cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Iron Responsive Elements of the Hepcidin Promoter by In Vivo Imaging of Mice.

Hepcidin is an acute-phase response antimicrobial peptide that has emerged as a central regulator of iron absorption. It performs this function by modulating iron transfer by both the intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. Low or high hepcidin levels result in increased or decreased iron absorption respectively. Hepcidin is mainly liver-derived and regulated at least, in part, transcriptionally. Hypoxia, erythroid demand, iron content and inflammation have all been shown to influence hepcidin mRNA expression in intact animals. Regulation of hepcidin by cytokines and by hypoxia is readily demonstrated in primary hepatocytes or in hepatocyte lines, but incubating hepatocytes or mixtures of hepatocytes and macrophages or marrow cells with iron does not increase transcription of hepcidin. Thus, how iron excess stimulates hepcidin production in hepatocytes remains a mystery. To provide a better understanding of hepcidin gene expression in response to these regulatory stimuli, we took advantage of the fact that 2 hepcidin genes exist in mice. Hepcidin 1 is homologous to human hepcidin while hepcidin 2 is the result of a tandem duplication of murine hepcidin 1. In mice hepcidin 1 mRNA expression responds to iron and to inflammation, but hepcidin 2 responds only to iron. We established a whole animal in vivo bioluminescence imaging assay to measure the activity of hepcidin promoter constructs in the animals’ liver after transfecting hydrodynamically hepcidin promoter/luciferase constructs into mice. Murine hepcidin 1, murine hepcidin 2 and human hepcidin promoters were all shown to have basal luciferase activity. Luciferase expression was lower in HFE knockout mice than in wild type controls. When transfected mice were stimulated with iron or endotoxin, the murine hepcidin 1 and human hepcidin constructs were found to respond to both of these stimuli. The murine hepcidin 2 transfected mice showed a weak response to iron stimulation while there was no stimulation by endotoxin. These findings validate, in an in vivo system, what is known about these promoters from other studies. Subsequent experiments have focused on making shorter hepcidin promoter constructs to identify the key regions of the hepcidin promoter involved in iron induction of hepcidin expression. This strategy will allow us to map the iron response site of the hepcidin promoter and this should aid in identifying transcription factors and upstream stimuli involved in regulating expression of hepcidin by iron.
The Use Of Stretching As Part Of A Thorough Warm-Up

The use of certain types of stretching as part of a warm-up has been shown to impair performances requiring strength, speed, agility, and power. Enhancing the athlete’s range of motion and the perception about reducing the risk of injury are rationales for including flexibility exercises in the warm-up period. The focus of this paper is to discuss the different types of flexibility exercises in light of their impact on performance and range of motion. Based on a review of different types of flexibility exercises, this paper will offer some guidelines for the design of a warm-up that will minimize the potential for performance impairment while helping to enhance the athlete’s range of motion.
Predictive Models of Spatial Transcriptional Response to High Salinity

Plants are exposed to a variety of environmental conditions, and their ability to respond to environmental variation depends on the proper regulation of gene expression in an organ-, tissue-, and cell type-specific manner. Although our knowledge of how stress responses are regulated is accumulating, a genome-wide model of how plant transcription factors (TFs) and cis-regulatory elements control spatially specific stress response has yet to emerge. Using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as a model, we identified a set of 1,894 putative cis-regulatory elements (pCREs) that are associated with high-salinity (salt) up-regulated genes in the root or the shoot. We used these pCREs to develop computational models that can better predict salt up-regulated genes in the root and shoot compared with models based on known TF binding motifs. In addition, we incorporated TF binding sites identified via large-scale in vitro assays, chromatin accessibility, evolutionary conservation, and pCRE combinatorial relationships in machine learning models and found that only consideration of pCRE combinations led to better performance in salt up-regulation prediction in the root and shoot. Our results suggest that the plant organ transcriptional response to high salinity is regulated by a core set of pCREs and provide a genome-wide view of the cis-regulatory code of plant spatial transcriptional responses to environmental stress.
El problema de la felicidad en Aristóteles: respuestas desde Francisco Suárez y Martha Nussbaum

The idea of happiness in Aristotle is mediated by the teleological meaning it gives to human life. Life is intrinsically and inherently oriented towards eudemonism, towards the good life. This is, roughly speaking, the foundation of Aristotelian ethics. In this paper, we try to confront the answers, as interpretations, of the idea of happiness obtained by two authors who support their respective ethical theories in the Aristotelian approaches to happiness. However, the answers are quite different, and depend on the metaphysical assumptions of both authors. While Francisco Suarez (1548-1617) from the understanding of the human being as a being in relation, the idea of good life leads him to develop, what some have called a “critical anthropocentrism”, Ignatius inspirited. He never loses sight of the value of the social as the first source for the characterization of the human and the transcendent meaning of the ultimate end of human life. Martha Nussbaum (1947) will use an enlightened interpretation, which will inspire later liberal thought, to justify the radical differentiation of the self as an inescapable step for the recognition of that which makes us human, what she calls “central capacities”. The four hundred years between the two proposals seem to us more than a measure of incommensurability, an opportunity to support the criticism called “methodological individualism”, one of the most controversial that has received the so-called Approach of Human Capacities, developed among others by Nussbaum itself with Amartya Sen from the 1980s.
On information spreading in multiplex networks with gossip mechanism

In this work, we investigate information spreading in multiplex networks, adopting the gossip (random-walk) based model. Two key features of multiplex networks allow potentially much faster information spreading: availability of multiple channels and communication actions for each user, and more choices on neighbor contacting. As a first work in this area, we explore the impact of layer number, layer similarity, and average node degree on the efficiency of information spreading, and theoretically prove our results. Another observation is that multiplex network structure can improve network connectivity. Simulation results are provided to support and complement theoretical analysis.
Geologic Map of Mena - Board Camp Quadrangles, Polk County, Arkansas, 1966

Map accompanies article by Robert T. Sellars, Jr., "Geologic Map of Mena - Board Camp Quadrangles, Polk County, Arkansas."
Pythagorean Approximations for LEGO: Merging Educational Robot Construction with Programming and Data Analysis

This paper can be used in two ways. It can provide reference information for incorporating diagonal elements (for bracing or gear meshing) in educational robots built from standard LEGO® kits. Alternatively, it can be used as the basis for an assignment for high school or college students to recreate this information; in the process, students will exercise skills in both computer programming and data analysis. Using the paper in the second way can be an excellent integrative experience to add to an existing course; for example, the Exploring Computer Science high school curriculum concludes with the units “Introduction to Programming”, “Computing and Data Analysis”, and “Robotics”.
Growth factor regulation of bovine satellite cell growth in vitro.

This study examined the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on the proliferation and differentiation of primary bovine satellite cells (BSC) in vitro. Individually, these three factors had the following effects on satellite cells: bFGF stimulated proliferation (P less than .01) but inhibited differentiation (P less than .05); IGF-I had no effect on proliferation but stimulated differentiation (P less than .01); and TGF-beta inhibited both proliferation and differentiation (P less than .01). When combined, the following effects were observed: maximum stimulation of proliferation (P less than .01) occurred in the presence of bFGF and IGF-I and differentiation was not stimulated; TGF-beta and bFGF continued to inhibit differentiation (P less than .01), but in the presence of bFGF, TGF-beta stimulated proliferation (P less than .01). No stimulation was observed in the presence of TGF-beta and IGF-I. Bovine satellite cells respond to these three growth factors that have been shown to regulate the activity of other myogenic cells, and in most instances, the responses among cells from various species are similar. These experiments indicate that the interactions of growth factors may be critical in regulating bovine satellite cell activity.
'They Are and Were There': On Byatt's Possession

How well can anyone know a historical figure? How well can one person know another? What really matters? This essay explores those questions as explored in A.S. Byatt’s masterpiece, Possession. A novel or a romance will not give crisp answers to such questions, but Byatt’s answers, at once life-affirming and heartbreaking, are the right ones.
Line detection in binary document scans: A case study with the international tracing service archives

In this short paper, I present my in-progress work on a method of line detection in binary document scans that is capable of differentiating solid and dotted lines. This method entails post-processing candidate lines detected using the progressive probabilistic Hough line transform by filtering out false positives. Solid lines are identified by performing a cut on the average pixel value of the pixels along each candidate line, and dotted lines are identified by performing a cut on the dominant frequency of the Fast Fourier Transform of the same pixel values along each candidate line. I demonstrate the efficacy of this method by running this algorithm on a subset of binary TIF images from the International Tracing Service digitized archives, one of the world's largest collections of Holocaust-related documents. In the case of the International Tracing Service archive, classifying documents based on line structure provides an effective method of extracting information from the documents in an automated fashion, an otherwise intractable endeavor due to low scan quality and the prevalence of handwritten text throughout the archive. My proposed method of identifying line structure represents the first step in this proposed pipeline of classifying International Tracing Service documents by line structure.
Percutaneous Transthoracic Treatment of Ascending Aortic and Root Pseudoaneurysms: Procedural Aspects and Guidance with the Use of Multimodality Imaging.

Abstract Open repair of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysms (AAPs) is currently the standard of care, but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A single-center retrospective experience of 4 patients after cardiac surgery undergoing 5 percutaneous transthoracic embolization procedures is presented. In 3 of the 4 patients, the primary outcome of complete thrombosis was achieved after the first procedure, with a mean follow-up time of 11.5 months. In all 5 procedures, the patients tolerated the procedure well without associated acute complications. Percutaneous transthoracic embolization of AAPs offers an alternate minimally invasive treatment pathway for prohibitive-risk candidates.
Drag Reduction of a Tractor-Trailer Using Planar Boat Tail Plates

The use of planar-sided boat tail plates for aft-end drag reduction on a tractor-trailer was studied numerically, experimentally and on a full scale prototype. Parametric wind tunnel tests utilized a 1:15 scale Peterbilt 379 tractor and 48 foot (14.6 m) trailer with cavity plate concepts mounted perpendicular to the trailer base. Yaw angles up to 9 degrees were examined. Qualitative numerical results confirmed a pressure increase on the aft face of the trailer. Model drag increments, obtained at zero yaw and a width-based Reynolds number of 230,000, based on trailer width, indicated reductions in the drag coefficient, based on frontal area, of up to 0.075 or about 9% of the baseline model trailer drag. Removal of the top plate degraded the performance of all devices. Performance also decreased with yaw angle for all plates mounted perpendicular to the trailer base, contrary to devices with angled plates. Devices with shorter angled plates indicated better performance with the top open rather than an open bottom. Drag reduction was more sensitive to plate inset from the trailer edge than to plate length and a zero inset of the bottom plate maximized performance. Two full scale prototypes were road tested, the first utilized rigid composite sides with a flexible top and bottom and the second was an all rigid-sided aluminum design. The former exhibited cross-country road fuel savings of about 0.5 miles per gallon (0.2 kilometers/liter), approximately 9%, over a 10,000 mile (16,093 km) trip, while the latter returned inconclusive results. Estimated fuel savings for a typical 120,000 miles (193,121 km) per year traveled were approximately 1500 gallons (5677 liters) per truck.
Incentives, Complexity, and Motivations in Experiments

We compare three motivation procedures in a voting eJperiment: 1) subN ects paid a O at fee for participating, 2) subNec ts paid according to choices as is typical in a political economy eJperiment, and 3) subN ects paid double the typical amount. We also vary compleJity of the voting game. Financial incentives signiRcantly increase the probability that subNec ts choose Bayesian-Nash predicted strategies. In the simpler game the typical Rnancial incentive is suUcientV higher payments have no eW ect. But in the compleJ game, increasing Rnancial incentives beyond the typical level is consequential. Further, repetition interacts with typical Rnancial incentives in the compleJ game to increase the likelihood of Bayesian-Nash strategies. The evidence suggests that Rnancial incentives increase subN ectsZ cognitive attention to eJperimental tasks as individuals would be in comparable observational settings, which enhances theory evaluation in eJperiments and the eJternal validity of the results.
The Pathogenesis of Hodgkin’s Disease: Oncogene, Tumour Suppressor Gene, and Epstein-Barr Viral Studies

The role of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes in Hodgkin’s disease (HD) has been difficult to study for several reasons. First, the percentage of neoplastic cells in involved tissues is generally quite low, usually less than 0.5%. Therefore, any methodology that homogenises the tissues (such as the conventional DNA extraction procedures) must have a high degree of sensitivity to analyse these cells. In most cases, one can only gain information concerning the status of the host cells. Secondly, very few bona fide HD cell lines are available for study. Even these are of questionable significance, since cell lines are derived from unusual cases and may not reflect the ordinary case of HD and because the genetic composition of the cell lines may change in vitro, especially over time.
Better than blocking: building and using multiple variable pattern indexes (MVPi) to screen data sources for possible matches and reduce linkage search space

IntroductionScaling up data linkage presents a challenging problem that has no straightforward solution. Lacking a prescribed ID in common between two data sources, the number of records to compare increases geometrically with data volume. Data linkers have for the main part resorted to “blocking” on demographic or other identifying variables. Objectives and ApproachAmong the more efficient of better blocking methods, carefully constructed multiple variable pattern indexes (MVPi) offer a robust and efficient method for reduction of linkage search spaces in Big Data. This realistic, large-scale demonstration of MVPi combines 30,156 SSA Death Master File (DMF) and NDI matches on SSN with equal dates of death (true matches) and 16,332 DMF records with different or missing SSN, and links the total of 46,448 records on names, date of birth, and postal code (ignoring SSN) to >94MM DMF records. The proportion of true matches not linked tests for loss of information during the blocking phase of data linkage. ResultsBlocking has an obvious cost in terms of completeness of linkage: any errors in a single blocking variable mean that blocking will miss true matches. Remedies for this problem usually add more blocking variables and stages, or make better use of information in blocking variables, requiring more time and computing resources. MVPi screening makes fuller use of information in blocking variables, but does so in this demonstration in one cohort (>30K) and DMF (>94MM) data sets. In this acid-test demonstration with few identifying variables and messy data, MVPi screening failed to link less than eight percent of the cohort records to its corresponding true match in the SSA DMF. MVPi screening reduced trillions of possible pairs requiring comparisons to a manageable 83MM . Conclusion/ImplicationsThe screening phase of a large-scale linkage project reduces linkage search space to the pairs of records more likely to be true matches, but it may also lead to selectivity bias and underestimates of the sensitivity (recall) of data linkage methods. Efficient MVPi screening allows fuller use of identifying information.
FGF2 crosstalk with Wnt signaling in mediating the anabolic action of PTH on bone formation

The mechanisms of the anabolic effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in bone are not fully defined. The bone anabolic effects of PTH require fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) as well as Wnt signaling and FGF2 modulates Wnt signaling in osteoblasts. In vivo PTH administration differentially modulated Wnt signaling in bones of wild type (WT) and in mice that Fgf2 was knocked out (Fgf2KO). PTH increased Wnt10b mRNA and protein in WT but not in KO mice. Wnt antagonist SOST mRNA and protein was significantly higher in KO group. However, PTH decreased Sost mRNA significantly in WT as well as in Fgf2KO mice, but to a lesser extent in Fgf2KO. Dickhopf 2 (DKK2) is critical for osteoblast mineralization. PTH increased Dkk2 mRNA in WT mice but the response was impaired in Fgf2KO mice. PTH significantly increased Lrp5 mRNA and phosphorylation of Lrp6 in WT but the increase was markedly attenuated in Fgf2KO mice. PTH increased β-catenin expression and Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity significantly in WT but not in Fgf2KO mice. These data suggest that the impaired bone anabolic response to PTH in Fgf2KO mice is partially mediated by attenuated Wnt signaling.
SilentVoice: Unnoticeable Voice Input by Ingressive Speech

SilentVoice is a new voice input interface device that penetrates the speech-based natural user interface (NUI) in daily life. The proposed "ingressive speech" method enables placement of a microphone very close to the front of the mouth without suffering from pop-noise, capturing very soft speech sounds with a good S/N ratio. It realizes ultra-small (less than 39dB(A)) voice leakage, allowing us to use voice input without annoying surrounding people in public and mobile situations as well as offices and homes. By measuring airflow direction, SilentVoice can easily be separated from normal utterances with 98.8% accuracy; no activation words are needed. It can be used for voice-activated systems with a specially trained voice recognizer; evaluation results yield word error rates (WERs) of 1.8% (speaker-dependent condition), and 7.0% (speaker-independent condition) with a limited dictionary of 85 command sentences. A whisper-like natural voice can also be used for real-time voice communication.
Continuous exposure to the carcinogenic antiretroviral drug Zidovudine (AZT) alters metabolism of human cells in vitro

3304 Zidovudine (AZT), a thymidine analogue and a carcinogen, was the first drug found effective against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). The antiretroviral efficacy of AZT depends on phosphorylation for incorporation into DNA, and requires continuous therapy. The intracellular mono-, di- and tri-phosphorylation steps are catalyzed by thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), thymidylate kinase, and pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate kinase, respectively. These studies were designed to investigate AZT metabolism in 2 types of human cells, MOLT-3 transformed lymphoblastoid cells and normal mammary epithelial cells under conditions of continuous AZT exposure. MOLT-3 cells were exposed to AZT (800 μM) for 14 passages. During that time levels of TK1 protein expression were determined by western blotting. The data showed that the enzymatically active form of TK1, the 24kDa monomer, was depleted by passage 5 and was not subsequently restored by passage 14. Concomitantly, the enzymatically-inactive TK1 48kDa dimer increased with duration of exposure. Depletion of the TK1 monomer correlated with a transient (5-fold) increase in doubling time (passages 2-4) and a final 2-fold increase in doubling time that was maintained from passage 5 to passage 14. Gene expression analysis of TK1, determined by real time PCR, showed a 5.7-fold down regulation at passage 1 and an 8.3-fold down-regulation at passage 5; these data correlated well with a loss in TK1 enzyme specific activity, by 30%-75%, determined by a radiochemically based enzyme assay. Incorporation of AZT into DNA was measured by radioimmunoassay, and mean values were 59.3, 72.4 and 54.6 molecules of AZT/106 nucleotides at passages 1, 5, and 14, respectively, suggesting that MOLT-3 cells may use an alternate pathway to phosphorylate AZT. In order to examine this phenomenon in normal human cells, we used NHMEC strains having naturally differing levels of TK1 expression. NHMEC strains expressing low levels of TK1 (n=2), determined by western blotting, showed no detectable incorporation of AZT into DNA when exposed to 200 μM AZT for 24 hr, while strains with high levels of TK1 expression(n=2) showed > 200 molecules of AZT/106 nucleotides. In summary, chronic AZT exposure in transformed MOLT-3 cells resulted in loss of TK1 expression and enzyme activity, but not loss of capacity to incorporate AZT into DNA. These data suggest that down-regulation of TK1 may be circumvented through employment of other pathways. In contrast, in the normal breast epithelial cells the capacity to incorporate AZT into DNA appears to be linked to the capacity of individual cell strains to express TK1.
Mechanistic Understanding of Material Detachment During CMP Processing

A combined experimental and numerical approach has been devised to understand the abrasion aspects of material removal mechanisms of ductile copper film on silicon wafers during Chemical mechanical planarization. The experimentally observed trends of the deformation patterns and the force profiles from micro and nano-single scratch experiments are used to guide numerical simulation using finite element simulation at the continuum scale and molecular dynamics simulation at the atomistic scale. Such integrated approach has provided several plausible mechanisms for material detachments through a combination of surface plowing and shearing under the abrasive particles. The gained insights can be integrated into mechanismbased models for the material removal rate in these processes as well as addressing possible defect formation.
Apparent Effects of Opioid Use on Neural Responses to Reward in Chronic Pain

Neural responses to incentives are altered in chronic pain and by opioid use. To understand how opioid use modulates the neural response to reward/value in chronic pain, we compared brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses to a monetary incentive delay (MID) task in patients with fibromyalgia taking opioids (N = 17), patients with fibromyalgia not taking opioids (N = 17), and healthy controls (N = 15). Both groups of patients with fibromyalgia taking and not taking opioids had similar levels of pain, psychological measures, and clinical symptoms. Neural responses in the nucleus accumbens to anticipated reward and non-loss outcomes did not differ from healthy controls in either fibromyalgia group. However, neural responses in the medial prefrontal cortex differed, such that patients with fibromyalgia not taking opioids demonstrated significantly altered responses to anticipated rewards and non-loss outcomes compared to healthy controls, but patients with fibromyalgia taking opioids did not. Despite limitations including the use of additional non-opioid medications by fibromyalgia patients taking opioids, these preliminary findings suggest relatively “normalized” neural responses to monetary incentives in chronic pain patients who take opioids versus those who do not.
Financial implications of technology-class code popularity and usage among industry competitors

Novel measures of technology popularity and usage were constructed and tested to assess the returns available from patenting within mainstream versus more-exotic technology-classification codes (or pairs of codes). Popularity suggested the frequency density with which technological codes (pairs) were most frequently found among competitors’ patents. Usage measured whether firms dominated particular technology codes (or pairs of codes) relative to competitors. Firms’ financial performance varied according to whether firms followed “me-too” technological leads or patented within less-commonplace technologies. Results suggested that firms should exercise caution when spending heavily in pursuing research leads within crowded technological streams. Results also implied that some firms successfully countered popular trends in pursuing technological leads within declining arenas when industry interest went elsewhere. Since evolutionary waves of technology affected the profitability potential of industries, we used longitudinal tests within three industries that developed from various structural stages of development to illustrate the effects of demand growth and establishment of technological standards upon the patenting strategies suggested by popularity and usage measures.
Scaffolding during Science Inquiry

Prior studies on scaffolding for investigative inquiry practices (i.e. forming a question/hypothesis, collecting data, and analyzing and interpreting data [21]) revealed that students who received scaffolding were better able to both learn practices and transfer these competencies to new topics than were students who did not receive scaffolding. Prior studies have also shown that after removing scaffolding, students continued to demonstrate improved inquiry performance on a variety of practices across new driving questions over time. However, studies have not examined the relationship between the amount of scaffolding received and transfer of inquiry performance; this is the focus of the present study. 107 middle school students completed four virtual lab activities (i.e. driving questions) in Inq-ITS. Students received scaffolding when needed from an animated pedagogical computer agent for the first three driving questions for the Animal Cell virtual lab. Then they completed the fourth driving question without access to scaffolding in a different topic, Plant Cell. Results showed that students' performances increased even with fewer scaffolds for the inquiry practices of hypothesizing, collecting data, interpreting data, and warranting claims; furthermore, these results were robust as evidenced by the finding that students required less scaffolding as they completed subsequent inquiry activities. These data provide evidence of near and far transfer as a result of adaptive scaffolding of science inquiry practices.
Workplace Relationships, Stress, and Verbal Rumination in Organizations

Marked by repetitive and negatively valenced disclosures, verbal rumination is a common strategy used to cope with challenges or manage complex situations that often have detrimental consequences f...
New application of hyperspectral imaging to steady-state plasma observations.

A new application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to steady-state plasma emission observations is proposed because of its prominent feature: an HSI camera records a two-dimensional image, and each spatial pixel contains spectral data typically with more than a hundred bands, while conventional digital cameras have only three bands. The characterization of an HSI camera (Specim IQ) has been performed during steady-state plasma–material interaction experiments using the linear plasma device PISCES-A. By easily subtracting the background/continuum emission in contrast to conventional filter cameras, two-dimensional images of multiple emission lines at different wavelengths are simultaneously obtained during a single measurement, demonstrating the advantage in plasma emission observations.
Mechanical characterization and constitutive modeling of visco-hyperelasticity of photocured polymers

Abstract In this work, we study the nonlinear behavior of soft photocured polymers typically used in 3D-printing. We perform experimental testing of 3D-printed samples cured at various controlled light intensities. The experimental data show the dependency of the material elasticity and rate-sensitivity on the curing light intensity. To elucidate these relations, we develop a physically-based visco-hyperelastic model in the continuum thermodynamics framework. In our model, the macroscopic viscoelastic behavior is bridged to the microscopic molecular chain scale. This approach allows us to express the material constants in terms of polymer chain physical parameters. We consider different physical mechanisms governing hyperelasticity and rate-dependent behaviors. The hyperelastic behavior is dictated by the crosslinked network; whereas, the viscous part originates in the free and dangling chains. Based on our experimental data, we illustrate the ability of the new constitutive model to accurately describe the influence of the light intensity on photocured polymer viscoelasticity.
Study on Calibration Method for Electronic Transformer Test Set

A method for calibration of electronic transformer test set is proposed. The calibration principle of analog function and digital function of electronic transformer test set is analyzd in detail. And the uncertainty evaluation of the ratio error and phase error of electronic transformer test set is introduced. The proposed method can evaluate the measurement performance of electronic transformer test set as a whole. And the method can be used as a reference for calibration of electronic transformer test set.
Thermal dynamics of deposited firebrands using phosphor thermometry

Abstract A series of experiments were carried out to identify and better understand the thermal mechanisms which govern the ignition propensity of firebrands. This work leverages the temperature-sensitive phosphorescence of YAG:Dy to non-intrusively measure and spatially resolve firebrand contact temperature along a 6.1 cm diameter area. The highly coupled firebrand heat transfer problem is studied by depositing smoldering firebrands onto a flat inert substrate and subjecting them to flow speeds of (1.5 ± 0.15) m/s. The temporal evolution of the thermal footprint is described and analyzed. Quasi-steady peak contact temperatures ranged between 500 K and 850 K while brief peaks exceeding 1150 K were also observed. The large difference in contact temperatures alludes to the significance in factors such as firebrand-fuel contact resistance, firebrand geometry, firebrand-flow orientation, fuel type (density and heat of combustion), and mass. Furthermore, the findings shed light on secondary heating events associated with shifting of the firebrand contact area and/or fragmenting, which can impart peak net heat flux equivalent to 70 % of the initial deposition. Lastly, considering the sensitivity of ignition on temperature, the work provides a brief discussion on the presence of unimodal and bimodal contact temperature distributions.
The role of risk in human-robot trust

Abstract A crucial, but under-considered, component of trust is risk, including such concepts as the potential for real negative outcomes, the willingness to be vulnerable to another party, and relying on another party to perform a task important to the trustor. The careful consideration of risk informs us about what really drives trust formation and degradation that can occur through human-robot interactions (HRIs). The involvement of risk in human-robot trust research adds ecological and construct validity to the work. This chapter provides a foundational understanding of the role risk generally plays in trust (both from a human-human and a human-robot perspective), and provides insight into some specific categories of risk that especially impact trust in the HRI domain.
Harnessing Iron Acquisition Machinery to Target Enterobacteriaceae.

Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria can be challenging to treat due to the outer membrane permeability barrier and the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance. During infection, Gram-negative pathogens must acquire iron, an essential nutrient, in the host. Many Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated iron acquisition machineries based on siderophores, small molecules that bind iron with high affinity. In this review, we provide an overview of siderophore-mediated iron acquisition in Enterobacteriaceae and show how these systems provide a foundation for the conceptualization and development of approaches to prevent and/or treat bacterial infections. Differences between the siderophore-based iron uptake machineries of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and commensal microbes may lead to the development of selective "Trojan-horse" antimicrobials and immunization strategies that will not harm the host microbiota.
Prevalence of incivility between ophthalmology and emergency medicine residents during interdepartmental consultations.

Objectives Since incivility is linked to adverse effects in patient care and health care worker well-being, evaluation of the prevalence of incivility during the formative years of residency training is warranted. The aim of this study was to determine the perceived presence and degree of incivility between emergency medicine (EM) and ophthalmology residents during emergency department (ED) consultations. Methods We conducted a single-site, survey-based study, targeted to ophthalmology and EM residents. The survey we distributed included questions adapted from validated and widely used surveys measuring incivility in the workplace (Workplace Incivility Scale) and incivility within the ED. Results Ophthalmology (13/15, 86.7%) and EM (42/48, 87.5%) residents participated, with an overall response rate of 55 of 63 (87.3%). Most residents (47/55, 85.5%) reported some degree of incivility during consultations, with a greater proportion of females reporting incivility (100%) than males (77.4%, p = 0.033). A total of 52.7% of respondents reported occurrence of incivility on a quarterly basis; 21.8% reported monthly, 10.9% weekly, and none daily. Incivilities were reported most commonly during nonurgent consults (85.5%). The two most common incivilities reported by trainees were when the other party paid little attention to their statements or opinions (80% of residents) or doubted their professional judgment (74.5% of residents). More female trainees reported jokes being told at their expense compared to males (15.8% vs. 0%, p = 0.049). Residents most often attributed incivility to stress (78.2%), loss of empathy/burnout (63.6%), or attempts to shift responsibility to another party (60.0%). Among EM residents surveyed, incivility was identified as occurring most often during consultations with surgical specialties. Conclusions Incivility during interdepartmental consultations between EM and ophthalmology is commonly reported by physicians-in-training. It occurs more often during consultations deemed as nonurgent and is more commonly reported by females. Given its associations with adverse outcomes, interventions to decrease incivility early in training may be warranted.
Law and Development in Peru

Law and development research in underdeveloped countries is the most important and challenging aspect of comparative law today. Some lawyers are aware of this and some lawyers are active in the field, but the lawyers have not kept pace with social scientists. This article describes the work of this new type of comparative lawyer working in the context of law and development, and specifically focuses on the author’s experience with Peru. This new type of comparative lawyer explores three novel contexts. He explores the interdisciplinary context, which is nothing more than an extension into the underdeveloped countries of methods long utilized by scholars in U.S. domestic law. He also explores the legal context which drives decisions, beyond mere constitutions and codes. He also explores the anti-national context, which is an objective approach to any and all law, divorced from and innocent of concepts or interests peculiar to a single nation or area. The relevant issue is world-wide development in food production, in education and health, in industrial production and jobs, and similar key areas.
Field Observational Research in Anthropology and Sociology

Find observational research, or ethnography, has a 150-year history in anthropology and sociology. As a form of ‘I−witnessing’ ongoing social life, it triangulates fieldwork data preserved in notes and records with comparative social theory and documentary contextualization. The research process begins with problem and site selection considerations, access to natural behavior-stream events, and development of rapport with research subjects. As the fieldwork ‘funnel’ narrows, discovery procedures progress from situated listening and observation, to interviews. Fieldnotes, combined with headnotes, are later employed in constructing written ethnographies that may be assessed by canons of validity rather than reliability, which attaches more centrally to other research modalities.
Infusional Paclitaxel and Weekly Vinorelbine Chemotherapy With Concurrent Filgrastim for Metastatic Breast Cancer: High Complete Response Rate in a Phase I-II Study of Doxorubicin-Treated Patients

PURPOSE: We investigated 96-hour paclitaxel infusion combined with weekly (days eight and 15) vinorelbine as salvage therapy for metastatic breast cancer in anthracycline-exposed patients. All patients received scheduled support with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim). Tumor response, toxicity, time to progression (TTP), and survival were assessed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This single-center nonrandomized trial enrolled 32 patients. Anthracycline exposure and subsequent progression were common to all patients. Paclitaxel and vinorelbine were escalated over three dosing levels, stratified by liver function. RESULTS: Seven patients (22%) achieved a complete response and nine patients achieved a partial response for an overall response rate of 50%. The median TTP was 6.1 months, and median survival time was 14.1 months. Dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia, with dose delay or reduction in seven of 32 patients. Febrile neutropenia requiring hospitalization was uncommon (three of 32 patie...
Strength, skeletal muscle composition, and enzyme activity in multiple sclerosis

Kent-Braun, J. A., A. V. Ng, M. Castro, M. W. Weiner, D. Gelinas, G. A. Dudley, and R. G. Miller. Strength, skeletal muscle composition and enzyme activity in multiple sclerosis.J. Appl. Physiol. 8...
A History of Inner Asia: Bukhara, Khiva, and Khoqand in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries

BUKHARA When Abdallah II died in 1598, his son and successor Abdalmumin, who had spent a number of years as governor of Balkh, managed to stay on the throne only a few months before he was ousted and killed in the disorders that followed his father's death. No other adult male son of Abdallah II had survived to take over – a curious feature in a system where a plethora of sons and grandsons born of a ruler's several wives was often the problem; it seems that in this case Abdallah II, perhaps inspired by the example of his allies the Ottomans but applying his own modified version, had suppressed all the male contenders for succession except Abdalmumin. What Abdallah did not do, however, was to eliminate his brother-in-law Jani Muhammad, whose father Yar Muhammad had taken refuge with the Shaybanids of Bukhara after the conquest of the khanate of Astrakhan by the Russians in 1556. Jani Muhammad married the Uzbek khan's sister, and he acceded to the vacated throne in Bukhara as the first ruler of a dynasty called Janid or Ashtarkhanid; the Janids too were Juchids, but not through Shiban but through Tuqay Timur, one of Juchi's other sons (in fact, his thirteenth son), so that some historians prefer the name “Tuqay-Timurids” to the genealogically less revealing appellations Janids or Ashtarkhanids.
Distribution of agrin mRNAs in the chick embryo nervous system

Agrin is a synapse-organizing protein likely to mediate nerve-induced aggregation of acetylcholine receptors and other postsynaptic components at the neuromuscular junction. We used in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to define the localization of agrin mRNA and its alternatively spliced forms in the chick embryo nervous system. Agrin cRNA probes intensely labeled motor neurons, dorsal root ganglia, cerebellar Purkinje neurons, and retinal ganglion cells. Neuronal layers in optic tectum and ventricular regions were also labeled. Analysis by PCR showed that all parts of the nervous system at embryonic day 10 contained three major forms of agrin mRNA. Our results raise the possibility that agrin isoforms play a role in synapse formation or other aspects of neuronal development in the central nervous system.
Heterotopic Neurogenesis in a Rat with Cortical Heterotopia

Early cellular development was studied in the neocortex of the tish rat. This neurological mutant is seizure-prone and displays cortical heterotopia similar to those observed in certain epileptic patients. The present study demonstrates that a single cortical preplate is formed in a typical superficial position of the developing tish neocortex. In contrast, two cortical plates are formed: one in a normotopic position and a second in a heterotopic position in the intermediate zone. As the normotopic cortical plate is formed, it characteristically separates the subplate cells from the superficial Cajal-Retzius cells. In contrast, the heterotopic cortical plate is not intercalated between the preplate cells because of its deeper position in the developing cortex. Cellular proliferation occurs in two zones of the developing tish cortex. One proliferative zone is located in a typical position in the ventricular/subventricular zone. A second proliferative zone is located in a heterotopic position in the superficial intermediate zone, i.e., between the two cortical plates. This misplaced proliferative zone may contribute cells to both the normotopic and heterotopic cortical plates. Taken together, these findings indicate that misplaced cortical plate cells, but not preplate cells, comprise the heterotopia of the tish cortex. Heterotopic neurogenesis is an early developmental event that is initiated before the migration of most cortical plate cells. It is concluded that misplaced cellular proliferation, in addition to disturbed neuronal migration, can play a key role in the formation of large cortical heterotopia.
Automating test program generation in STIL - expectations and experiences using IEEE 1450 [standard test interface language]

At the International Test Conference 2002 several low cost test solutions were presented. All of these solutions promised to establish a close link between automatic test pattern generation, ATE based testing and fault diagnosis/analysis by using the IEEE 1450 standard test interface language (STIL). However, the reality is different. This paper describes the integration of a STIL based tester into the standard Motorola test program generation flow. The expected benefits of this very low cost test approach are measured against the problems which had to be solved in order to achieve a high degree of automation. All remaining problems described in this paper need to be addressed by the EDA vendors, the ATE companies and the different STIL committees. Only when these issues are resolved will STIL become a success for the test world.
Helicopter Accidents at Night

Night conditions constrain the operations of a helicopter. Helicopter crews that fly at night have limited landing possibilities in times of emergency and suffer from limited visual cues during operations. This study compares the underlying causes and factors that differentiate daytime and nighttime helicopter accidents. From the US National Transportation and Safety Board (NTSB) online database, 4,755 helicopter accidents were selected for which the characteristics of day and night flights were compared. The number of fatal accidents occurring at night was significantly higher than during the daytime (χ2 = 95.04, df = 1, p < .001). Helicopter accidents that occur at night also show significantly fewer engine failures and autorotations but significantly more weather-related causes. The relative absence of engine failures at night is partly explained by the absence of specific helicopter operations. The combination of night flights and adverse weather conditions is shown to be particularly fatal in acciden...
An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine: Guide for Practitioners in the Emergency Department

Now with updated ACLS algorithms An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine is a much-needed resource for individuals practicing in this challenging field. It takes a novel approach, describing in detail the best and most current methods including initial patient evaluation, generation of differential diagnoses, problem-solving and management of challenging conditions based on presenting symptoms. Unlike other textbooks, in which the diagnosis is known, this textbook approaches clinical problems as clinicians approach patients - without full knowledge of the final diagnosis. It provides an understanding of how to approach patients with undifferentiated conditions, ask the right questions, gather historical data, utilize physical examination skills and order and interpret laboratory and radiographic tests. It provides current management and disposition strategies with controversies presented, including pearls and summary points for each topic covered. The book is multi-author, each contributor chosen because of a track record in teaching as well as being internationally recognised experts in the specialty.