cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The 20S proteasome processes NF‐κB1 p105 into p50 in a translation‐independent manner

The NF-κB p50 is the N-terminal processed product of the precursor, p105. It has been suggested that p50 is generated not from full-length p105 but cotranslationally from incompletely synthesized molecules by the proteasome. We show that the 20S proteasome endoproteolytically cleaves the fully synthesized p105 and selectively degrades the C-terminus of p105, leading to p50 generation in a ubiquitin-independent manner. As small as 25 residues C-terminus to the site of processing are sufficient to promote processing in vivo. However, any p105 mutant that lacks complete ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) is processed aberrantly, suggesting that native processing must occur from a precursor, which extends beyond the ARD. Remarkably, the mutant p105 that lacks the internal region including the glycine-rich region (GRR) is completely degraded by 20S proteasome in vitro. This suggests that the GRR impedes the complete degradation of the p105 precursor, thus contributing to p50 generation.
Immunological Disturbances in Psychiatric Patients-Reply

n Reply.— Our recent study 1 showed no elevation of immunoglobulin levels or increased incidence of oligoclonal immunoglobulin in a group of psychiatric patients compared with controls. Although these data suggest that viruses and autoimmunity are not involved in the major psychoses, the study has certain limitations that are detailed in our article and reiterated in Dr DeLisi's letter. Most individuals with persistent CNS infections have raised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin levels, but immunosuppressed individuals may have chronic viral infections with little evidence of immunoglobulin level elevations. In addition, unconventional agents and autoimmune processes may not produce quantitative or qualitative immunoglobulin abnormalities. Most investigators have found, however, that CSF immunoglobulin level elevations and bands have been found consistently in persistent viral encephalitis caused by conventional agents in immunocompetent hosts, eg, 100% of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and herpes simplex encephalitis 2,3 have increased CSF IgG levels and bands. 4
A survey of interactive computing support in American colleges and universities

This paper reports on a survey of 4-year colleges and universities in the United States and Canada concerning their level of support for interactive computing. A brief questionnaire was sent to almost all such institutions offering a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree in computer science. It was addressed to the chairman of the Computer Science department. The survey attained an exceptional response rate of 82%, with 187 responses out of 228 questionnaires sent. The primary finding of the survey was that, on the average, approximately two-thirds of student jobs are submitted from interactive terminals and one-third are submitted on punch cards. The level of interactive computing support was found to be largely independent of university enrollment or number of computer science majors, and modestly dependent on the stature of the institution. An unrelated finding was that, on the average, the primary computing facilities are open for student use 19 hours per day.
Interaction of proteins with sorghum tannin: Mechanism, specificity and significance

The grain of some varieties of sorghum contains 2% or more condensed tannin; many other varieties contain no tannin at all. Agronomic advantages, e.g., resistance to bird depredation, are associated with high-tannin sorghums, which have relatively low nutritional value for nonruminants. The biological effects of tannin are a result of its propensity for binding proteins; both hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are involved. Sorghum tannins can bind dietary proteins and reduce their digestibility. Purified digestive enzymes are inhibited by tannin, but significant inhibition in vivo is unlikely. Proteins differ greatly in their affinity for tannin. Those with highest affinity are large, have an open structure, contain no bound carbohydrate and are rich in proline. Sorghum proteins of the alcohol-soluble prolamine fraction associate strongly with tannin, are difficult to remove during tannin purification and are found combined with tannin in the indigestible residue after in vitro digestion with pepsin. On germination, the seed may sacrifice a portion of these proteins to bind the tannin that might otherwise interfere with metabolism by inhibiting seed enzymes. During seed development, tannin molecules are relatively short and do not effectively precipitate proteins; as the seed dries, tannins undergo polymerization to an average of ca. 6 flavan-3-ol units/molecule. The antinutritional effects of sorghum tannins can be eliminated by soaking the grain in dilute aqueous alkali, but not by cooking. When rats are put on high-tannin sorghum diets, their parotid glands undergo hypertrophy and produce a group of unique salivary proteins with extremely high affinity for tannin. These proteins contain over 40% proline and are devoid of sulfur-containing and aromatic amino acids. This metabolic adaption may protect rats against tannin by binding and inactivating it immediately when it enters the digestive tract.
Scaling: More than Moore's law

Discerning "the road ahead" is more difficult than ever. For IC design and test, the road ahead has long involved various corollaries of the 50&#x002B;-year scaling phenomenon known as Moore's law. This column examines the ITRS definitions associated with "More than Moore", along with their implications.
Attitudes of College Students in a Predominately Hispanic University Regarding Alcohol Use

ABSTRACT The focus of this particular study is to determine the drinking-related attitudes of college students in a predominantly Hispanic university, and to determine if there are ethnic and gender-related differences in two areas: acceptable levels of consumption; and situational alcohol use. Study findings reflect the need to insure that substance abuse initiatives, planning, informational and counseling programs for students take into account the cultural implications associated with alcohol use as well as acculturation issues.
Racial/ethnic diversity in doctoral programs of psychology: Challenges for the twenty-first century

Abstract Changing demographics and accompanying cultural pluralism pose challenges to psychology departments in terms of multicultural curriculum, generation of culturally sensitive research and theory, and representation of racial/ethnic minority students and faculty. The impact of the European-American worldview as the foundation of the dominant culture is explored as it relates to psychology. Implicit and explicit examples of ethnocentrism are offered, which reflect the imposition of the dominant culture on other cultures. Universal psychology is challenged as culture-bound and subsequently viewed as nonexistent. Organizational and individual multicultural development models are advanced, along with specific strategies for how departments can embrace diversity through commitment to structural change and inclusion of paradigms that reflect alternate worldviews.
Oncogenic ras results in increased cell kill due to defective thermoprotection in lung cancer cells.

Abstract Background . The survival response of normal cells to heat stress is an upregulation of heat shock proteins and ras protein activation. We hypothesized that in lung cancer cells the presence of oncogenic ras interferes with thermoprotective mechanisms resulting in cell death. Methods . An equal number of lung tissue culture cells (normal and cancerous) were subjected to either heat stress and then recovery (43°C for 180 minutes, 37°C for 180 minutes) or recovery alone (37°C for 360 minutes). End points were surviving number of cells, cell-death time course, heat shock protein (HSP70, HSC70, HSP27) expression before and after heat stress, and time course for HSP70 expression during heat stress and recovery. Heated cells were compared with unheated control cells, then this difference was compared between cell types. Results . Heat stress in normal cells caused an 8% decrease in cell number versus a 78% ± 5% decrease in cancer cells ( p p p Conclusions . Cancer cells with oncogenic ras have defective thermoprotective mechanism(s) causing increased in vitro cell death, which provides an opportunity for thermal treatment of lung cancer.
Identification of protoxins and a microbial basis for red maple (Acer rubrum) toxicosis in equines

The leaves of Acer rubrum (red maple), especially when wilted in the fall, cause severe oxidative damage to equine erythrocytes, leading to potentially fatal methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia....
Protein-protein interactions in the rigor actomyosin complex

Since it has not been possible to crystallize the actomyosin complex, the x-ray structures of the individual proteins together with data obtained by fiber diffraction and electron microscopy have been used to build detailed models of filamentous actin (f-actin) and the actomyosin rigor complex. In the f-actin model, a single monomer uses 10 surface loops and two alpha-helices to make sometimes complicated interactions with its four neighbors. In the myosin molecule, both the essential and regulatory light chains show considerable structural homology to calmodulin. General principles are evident in their mode of attachment to the target alpha-helix of the myosin heavy chain. The essential light chain also makes contacts with other parts of the heavy chain and with the regulatory light chain. The actomyosin rigor interface is extensive, involving interaction of a single myosin head with regions on two adjacent actin monomers. A number of hydrophobic residues on the apposing faces of actin and myosin contribute to the main binding site. This site is flanked on three sides by charged myosin surface loops that form predominantly ionic interactions with adjacent regions of actin. Hydrogen bonding is likely to play a significant role in actin-actin and actin-myosin interactions since many of the contacts involve loops. The model building approach used with actomyosin is applicable to other multicomponent assemblies of biological interest and is a powerful method for revealing molecular interactions and providing insights into the mode of action of the assemblies.
Wear Damage in Mobile-bearing TKA is as Severe as That in Fixed-bearing TKA

Background Mobile-bearing TKAs reportedly have no clinical superiority over fixed-bearing TKAs, but a potential benefit is improved polyethylene wear behavior.
Ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics

A path-integral molecular dynamics technique for strongly interacting atoms using ab initio potentials derived from density functional theory is implemented. This allows the efficient inclusion of nuclear quantum dispersion in ab initio simulations at finite temperatures. We present an application to the quantum cluster H 5 + .
Tobacco education in US physician assistant programs

Background. Few health degree programs incorporate sufficient tobacco cessation education in core curricula. Methods. A national survey of 132 PA programs assessed the extent to which tobacco is addressed, educational methods, perceived importance and adequacy of tobacco education, and perceived barriers to enhancing tobacco-related content. Results. Surveys (n=99; 75%) revealed a median of 150 minutes of tobacco education throughout the degree program. Key barriers to enhancing training are lack of curriculum time and lack of access to comprehensive, evidence-based resources. Two-thirds expressed interest in participating in a nationwide effort to enhance tobacco cessation training. Conclusions. Similar to other disciplines, enhanced tobacco education is needed in PA programs to adequately prepare graduates to address the primary known cause of preventable death in the United States.
Participating in project management experiences in the workplace

This experience report demonstrates how a multinational software company attempted to train employees with a new project management software platform through the use of play. The report begins by briefly reviewing recent research on the role of play in workplace training. Second, the report explains how the company used play to train employees in a new project management platform. Third, the report describes a stalemate between some employees and management about using the new software and details how the confusion disrupted in the team's workflow. Last, the report reflects on ways a participatory dialogue can be used to make play a viable form of workplace training.
Commentary on research of bone morphogenetic protein discussed in review article: Genetic advances in the regeneration of the intervertebral disc.

Background: In Maerz, Herkowitz and Baker's review, Molecular and Genetic Advances in the Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc, they also included an assessment of both in vivo and in vitro complications attributed to Bone Morphogenetic Protein ((BMP): BMP-2, BMP-7). This topic is of particular interest to spinal surgeons, as INFUSE/BMP (Medtronic, Memphis, TN, USA) is utilized, mostly off-label in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine, where it has been associated with significant perioperative and postoperative complications.
Charged Particle Identification with Modules of the Plastic Ball

The low energy pion channel (LEP) at LAMPF was used to calibrate the response of modules of the Plastic Ball detector for positive pions and protons. The detection efficiency was measured at various energies. The resolution and efficiency were found to be independent of the point at which the particle entered the detector. Scattered out particles could be well detected by including neighbouring detectors in the analysis.
Findings of computed tomography in stage IIB and IIC melanoma: a six-year retrospective study in the South-East of Scotland.

Summary Introduction Patient prognosis in malignant melanoma is directly related to clinical stage, and accurate staging is key to appropriate management. Revised BAD/BAPS (British Association of Dermatologists/British association of Plastic Surgeons) 2010 guidelines for the management of cutaneous melanoma recommend that Computed Tomography (CT) is no longer indicated for AJCC (American Joint Cancer Committee) IIB and IIC disease (Breslow thickness 2.01 – 4 mm with ulceration or >4 mm), unless the patient is symptomatic. Previous UK guidelines had recommended that all patients with AJCC IIB or worse disease should have chest, abdomen and pelvic CT as staging investigations. New guidelines also now include head CT in their recommendations. Our aim was to investigate regional CT findings in those patients diagnosed with AJCC IIB and IIC disease, and establish whether our findings affirmed new UK guidelines. Methods and patient group A retrospective review of case notes was performed on 172 cases of AJCC IIB and IIC disease referred across Lothian, Borders and Fife to melanoma services during the period of January 2004 to January 2010. Clinical findings, results of initial and follow-up CT scans along with changes in patient management were noted. Chest, abdomen and pelvic CT scan were defined as one scan as they were always performed together. CT head and CT neck were defined as separate scans. A positive CT result was defined as those reported with metastasis or an indeterminate result leading to further investigations. Change in management was defined as specific active treatment started or stopped eg surgery or chemo/radiotherapy. Results A total of 269 scans were performed on 130/172 patients. One hundred and four initial staging CT scans were performed on 75 patients, and detected one (1.3%) occult melanoma metastasis. At follow-up, 165 scans were performed in 82 patients and detected 56 metastasis in 32(39%) patients leading to a change in management in 29(35%). Two of these 32 patients had occult melanoma metastasis. Symptomatic patients had statistically significant more metastatic disease diagnosed at follow-up CT scanning than asymptomatic patients p Conclusion CT scanning should only be performed in AJCC IIB and IIC melanoma patients if symptoms of clinical metastatic disease are present. Head CT should be included in the staging process. Our regional results concur with new BAD/BAPS 2010 guidelines.
Policy archaeology: a new policy studies methodology

Policy archaeology is a radically different approach to policy studies in education, drawn from the post‐structuralist work of Foucault, which completely reconceptualizes policy studies and, thus, significantly expands it as a critical problematic. Rather than beginning after social and education problems have emerged into social visibility, policy archaeology studies the social construction of these problems. Rather than acquiescing to the range of policy solutions debated by policy makers and policy analysts, it interrogates the social construction of that range. Rather than accepting policy studies as a ‘neutral’ social science, it questions the broader social functions of policy studies. And, finally, rather than concluding that social and education problems, policy solutions and policy studies are created by the conscious interplay of the free agents of history, policy archaeology proposes that a grid of social regularities constitutes what is seen as a problem, what is socially legitimized as a poli...
Familial supernumerary marker chromosome evolution through three generations

A mosaic chromosome complement, 46,XY/47,XY,+r(15), was detected at prenatal diagnosis. Family studies showed the mother and one of her two children to have a bisatellited supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC) in all lymphocytes examined. The maternal grandfather also showed a bisatellited SMC, but in only 2 per cent of his lymphocytes. NOR, DA/DAPI, and chromosome 15 centromere and short arm-specific probes confirmed the identify of the bisatellited SMC and of ring SMC as derived from chromosome 15. An apparently normal male was born at full term. At age 1 year, the baby continues to have normal growth and development. The bisatellited 15 likely originated by somatic mutation in the grandfather (2 per cent cells), was transmitted unchanged to the daughter and grandson (germline transmission, no mosaicism), and then evolved by excising the satellites and forming a ring SMC in the index case. Progressive changes in the frequency and subsequent changes in the structure of this SMC illustrate the unusual characteristics of chromosome 15.
Background activity in pulmonary vagal C-fibers and its effects on breathing.

Abstract Vagal cooling experiments suggest that the deep show breathing observed after vagotomy results not only from loss of pulmonary stretch receptor feedback, but also from loss of some unidentified vagal input. To investigate this possibility we cooled the vagus nerves in anesthetized dogs. In dogs breathing spontaneously, the Hearing-Breuer reflex was abolished at 7 °C, but average expiratory time was unchanged and lengthened only on cooling below 3 °C,. In artificially ventilated dogs the pulmonary vargus nerves were cooled in the chest and phrenic activity was recorded. Entrainment of phrenic bursts to the ventillator cycle ceased at 7 °C, and expiratory pauses shortened; they lengthened again on cooling below 3 °C. Cervical vagotomy did not change breathing pattern after the pulmonary vagus nerves were cut. Recording of afferent impulses during cooling showed that at 5 °C or less pulmonary vagal input was confined largely to nonmyelinated fibers; at 3 °C, background activity in pulmonary C-fibers was still 78% of control whereas myelinated afferents were virtually silent. We suggest that in eupnea low frequency, background activity in pulmonary afferent C-fibes shortens expiratory time.
Kidney Stone Risk Following Modern Bariatric Surgery

Over the past 10 years, a variety of reports have linked bariatric surgery to metabolic changes that alter kidney stone risk. Most of these studies were retrospective, lacked appropriate controls, or involved bariatric patients with a variety of inclusion criteria. Despite these limitations, recent clinical and experimental research has contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of stone disease in this high-risk population. This review summarizes the urinary chemistry profiles that may be responsible for the increased kidney stone incidence seen in contemporary epidemiological bariatric studies, outlines the mechanisms of hyperoxaluria and potential therapies through a newly described experimental bariatric animal model, and provides a focused appraisal of recommendations for reducing stone risk in bariatric stone formers.
MRI of uterine leiomyosarcoma

We report a case of a patient with uterine leiomyosarcoma. At MRI imaging, the patient was found to have a bilobed uterine mass with two components. While the caudal portion of the mass had the MRI appearance of a simple leiomyoma, the cephalad component showed atypical degeneration with an irregular contour. Malignant degeneration of a leiomyoma was confirmed by operative and histologic examination. We conclude that malignant degeneration should be considered on MR images of any degenerated leiomyoma showing an irregular contour.
Developing and Implementing Randomized Effectiveness Trials in General Medical Settings

This article discusses the development of two mental health services research programs: one targeting depression treatment in primary care and the other early intervention for posttraumatic stress disorders in acute care. Both programs have used the randomized effectiveness trial to assess the delivery of empirically supported psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic interventions in these general medical settings. This article explores the fellowship training, clinical experiences, and conceptual frameworks that have informed the progression of the two research programs. Specific modifications to the traditional randomized clinical trial design employed in the effectiveness trials are discussed. This article concludes with reflection on intervention development trajectories and interdisciplinary team compositions that may facilitate the development of mental health interventions that both derive from the best scientific evidence and can be feasibly delivered in real-world treatment settings.
Analysis of Two Early Childhood Education Settings: Classroom Variables and Peer Verbal Interaction

Abstract Descriptive and ecobehavioral analyses were used to explore the daily activity contexts in classroom settings reflecting two distinct models of early childhood education. Activity context, social configurations, teacher behavior, and child behavior were explored, with specific consideration given to peer verbal behavior as an indicator of social interaction. Twenty-four children between the ages of 3 and 6 years enrolled in a Montessori classroom and 26 children between the ages of 3 and 5 years enrolled in a traditional preschool classroom were observed over a 3-month period using the Ecobehavioral System for Complex Assessment of Preschool Environments (ESCAPE; Carta, Greenwood, & Atwater, 1986). Overall, activity context, social configurations, teacher behavior, and child behavior varied across settings in ways consistent with program philosophies. However, levels of peer verbal interaction did not vary significantly.
Stoichiometries of Transferrin Receptors 1 and 2 in Human Liver

Mutations in either the hereditary hemochromatosis protein, HFE, or transferrin receptor 2, TfR2, result in a similarly severe form of the most common type of iron overload disease called hereditary hemochromatosis. Models of the interactions between HFE, TfR1, and TfR2 imply that these proteins are present in different molar concentrations in the liver, where they control expression of the iron regulatory hormone, hepcidin, in response to body iron loading. The aim of this study was to determine in vivo levels of mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR and concentrations of these proteins by quantitative immunoblotting in human liver tissues. The level of TfR2 mRNA was 21- and 63-fold higher than that of TfR1 and HFE, respectively. Molar concentration of TfR2 protein was the highest and determined to be 1.95 nmol/g protein in whole cell lysates and 10.89 nmol/g protein in microsomal membranes. Molar concentration of TfR1 protein was 4.5- and 6.1-fold lower than that of TfR2 in whole cell lysates and membranes, respectively. The level of HFE protein was below 0.53 nmol/g of total protein. HFE is thus present in substoichiometric concentrations with respect to both TfR1 and TfR2 in human liver tissue. This finding supports a model, in which availability of HFE is limiting for formation of complexes with TfR1 or TfR2.
Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation: the experience of a single institution.

Purpose This study aims to review the short-term recurrence and complications of Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation (DG-HAL) with mucopexy.
Prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence and pelvic genital prolapse in females with anal incontinence or rectal prolapse.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, severity, and associations between urinary incontinence and genital prolapse in females after surgery for fecal incontinence or rectal prolapse. METHODS: All patients who underwent surgery for fecal incontinence (Group I) or rectal prolapse (Group II) were compared with a control group of females (Group III) by 43 questions regarding demographic data, past medical and surgical history, and diagnosis and treatment of anal and urinary incontinence and genital and rectal prolapse. The type (stress, urge, and total) of urinary incontinence was determined and graded using an incontinence severity questionnaire (Individual Incontinence Impact Questionnaire). RESULTS: Overall response rate in the three groups of patients was 40.1 percent. The questionnaire was sent to 240 patients operated on for fecal incontinence or rectal prolapse, and 83 of them responded (34.5 percent). The patients were distributed into three groups: Group I consisted of 51 patients (mean age 56.7±14); Group II consisted of 32 patients (69.7±11); and Group III consisted of 40 patients (60.5±16). The prevalence of urinary incontinence in Group I was 27 (54 percent), in Group II was 21 (65.6 percent), and Group III was 12 patients (30 percent;P=0.003). Genital prolapse was present in 9 (17.6 percent), 11 (34.3 percent), and 5 patients (12.5 percent), respectively (P=0.03). The prevalence of coexistent urinary incontinence and genital prolapse in both study groups was 22.8 percent (19 patients). There were no statistically significant differences between Groups I and II relative to prevalence, type, and severity of urinary incontinence and genital prolapse, but there were significant differences between the two study groups and the control group. Of the patients in the study group, 67 percent had urinary incontinence before or at the time of surgery. CONCLUSION: There is a higher prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence and pelvic genital prolapse in females operated on for either fecal incontinence or rectal prolapse than in a control group. Therefore, female patients with fecal incontinence or rectal prolapse should be evaluated and treated by a multidisciplinary group of pelvic floor clinicians, including a gynecologist or urologist with special training in female pelvic floor dysfunction and a colorectal surgeon.
Echocardiogram of the porcine aortic bioprosthesis in the mitral position

Abstract Echocardiography was performed in 10 consecutive patients who had a clinically normally functioning porcine aortic bioprosthesis in the mitral position. Strong well defined echoes were recorded from the anterior and posterior aspects of the xenograft stent. The maximal separation of the anterior and posterior stent echoes approximated the diameter of the stent at its base. The maximal excursion of the anterior stent was 5 to 10 mm (mean 7.5) with a mean systolic slope of 15 to 35 mm/sec (mean 22.2) and diastolic slope of 11 to 59 mm/sec (mean 21.5). In all 10 patients it was possible to record an anterior xenograft leaflet with anterior movement at the onset of diastole and posterior movement at the onset of systole and with appropriately steep (more than 200 mm/sec) slopes. The diastolic (E-F) slope of the anterior leaflet in 9 of the 10 patients ranged from 9 to 38 mm/sec (mean 19). In 6 of the 10 patients a posterior xenograft leaflet with a movement pattern symmetric with that of the anterior leaflet was recorded. In two patients, the central aortic leaflet was recorded with little diastolic displacement. These two patients also had mild aortic regurgitation, which was associated with diastolic shudder of the the xenograft leaflets. Echocardiography was also performed in one patient who was later shown to have a 10 cm3 thrombus on the ventricular surface of a xenograft valve. The echocardiogram in this patient revealed the following abnormalities: (1) excessive anterior stent movement and systolic slope suggesting paravalvular leak in the presence of abnormal cinefluoroscopic valve tilt, and (2) multiple dense nonhomogeneous echoes between the anterior and posterior aspects of the valve stent, with an early diastolic clear space behind the anterior stent and abnormal echoes behind the posterior stent during systole. Echocardiography therefore appears to be useful in evaluating the porcine aortic bioprosthesis in the mitral position.
Enzymes of energy-converting systems in individual mammalian nerve cell bodies.

— The activities of 7 enzymes (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-P-gluconic dehydrogenase, NADP linked isocitric dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase) were measured in individual nerve cell bodies of 8 different neuronal types: pyramidal cells from cerebral cortex and Amnion's horn, Purkinje cells, giant cells in the reticular formation, Deiters’nucleus cells, facial nucleus cells, anterior horn cells and dorsal root ganglion cells. Samples of similar size were analysed from the molecular layer of cerebellum. The cell bodies were dissected from frozen-dried tissue sections and weighed on quartz fibre balances. The weights ranged from 0–2 ng for the smallest pyramidal cells to 9 ng for the largest giant cells. The specific enzymatic reactions were carried out in small volumes (0–01–5 μl) under mineral oil (‘oil-well technique’). The NADPH2 or NAD formed was amplified by‘enzymatic cycling’and measured fluorometrically. A new cycling method was used for measuring the NAD formed in three of the enzymatic methods. Double cycling was used to measure glucose-6-P and 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenases in the smallest cell bodies. Each type of neuron exhibited a unique enzyme pattern, but four general patterns could be distinguished. The most variable of the enzymes was glucose-6-P dehydrogenase which was nearly 10-fold higher in anterior horn cells than in pyramidal cells from the cerebral cortex. Malic dehydrogenase was the most constant, with a 3-fold range from the highest (Purkinje cells) to the lowest (dorsal root ganglion cells).
Photoemission from H adsorbed on Ni(111) and Pd(111) surfaces.

The electronic states of H chemisorbed onto the Ni(111) and Pd(111) surfaces are investigated as a function of H concentration using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation as the light source. Exposure of either crystal surface to molecular ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ results at low temperature in adsorption of approximately one monolayer of atomic H. This saturation coverage of H is characterized by a H-induced band split off from the bulk bands with 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 dispersion and by dramatic changes in the d-band surface states. As the H concentration is decreased, the split-off state moves upwards towards the bulk bands at all k${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{?}$ until it disappears at a H concentration of \ensuremath{\sim}0.5 [0.3] of the saturation coverage for Ni(111) [for Pd(111)]. In contrast to the behavior of the split-off state the substrate surface states shift continuously with H concentration. We propose that the split-off state results from the attractive H potential but its dispersion is dictated by the substrate symmetry.
1,4-Dimethyl-2,3-diphenylfulvene: A convenient precursor to heteroatom-substituted-1-methyl-2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes

Abstract Reaction of 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopent-2-enone ( 1 ) with Ph 3 PCH 2 in THF gave 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopent-2-enel-ylidene ( 2 ) in 75% yield. Treatment of 2 with one equivalent Br 2 , followed by twp equivalents of triethylamine gave 1,4-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylfulvene ( 3 ) in 60% overall yield. Treatment of 3 with LiCH 3 and LiC 6 H 5 followed by FeCL 2 gave [ η 5 -1-CH 3 CH 2 -2,5-(CH 3 ) 2 -3,4-(C 2 H 5 ) 2 -3,4-(C 6 H 5 )C 2 ] 2 Fe and [ η 5 -1-C 6 H 5 CH 2 -2,5-(CH 3 ) 2 -3,4-(C 6 H 5 ) 2 C 5 ] 2 Fe, respectively, in good yield. Treatment of 3 with LiNHC(CH 3 ) 3 and LiP(C 6 H 5 ) 2 followed by FeCl 2 gave [ η 5 -1-(CH 3 ) 3 CNHCH 2 -2,5-(CH 3 ) 2 -3,4-(C 6 H 5 ) 2 -3,4-(C 6 H 5 ) 2 C 5 ] 2 Fe and [ η 5 -1-(C 6 H 5 ) 2 PCH 2 -2,5-(CH 3 ) 2 -3,4-(C 6 H 5 ) 2 C] 2 Fe, respectively, in good yield. Treatment of 3 with (R)-LiNHCH(CH 3 )C 6 H 5 followed by FeCl 2 gave the corresponding enantiomerically pure ferrocene complex (R,R)-[ η 5 -1-C 6 H 5 CH(CH 3 )NHCH 2 -2,5-(CH 3 ) 2 -3,4-(C 6 H 5 ) 2 C 5 ] 2 Fe in 44% yield.
Health Communication Practices Among Parents and Sexual Minority Youth

Positive perceptions of parent–child communication can influence behavioral outcomes such as sexual behavior and substance use among young people. Parent–child communication has been effective in modifying adverse health outcomes among heterosexual youth; however, limited research has examined the perceptions of parent–child communication among sexual minority youth, specifically African American young men who have sex with men (AAYMSM). Understanding AAYMSM's and parents’ health communication perceptions and practices is critical for improving delivery of health information for this population and communication about sensitive health issues. Using mixed-methods research, the authors conducted focus groups and interviews and administered a cross-sectional survey to 42 AAYMSM and 10 parents of AAYMSM. Descriptive statistics were used to examine survey responses. Thematic analysis revealed that sexual orientation and HIV/AIDS were the most reported topics discussed among both parent and youth participants. ...
A simple procedure for the rapid immunofluorescence staining of human tumor antigens with human monoclonal antibodies

A novel technique employed in preparing slides used for immunofluorescence staining of human tumor antigens with human anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies is described. The anchorage of the cancer cells to the plastic substratum is used as a basis in eliminating cell fixation by physical and chemical procedures. In this method, the bottoms of the tissue culture flasks with the adherent A431 cell line, a carcinoma of the vulva, were cut into slides of 2 × 6 cm. This antigen-positive target cell was then reacted with the VLN3G2 monoclonal IgG antibody and with the fluorescein-labeled F(ab′)2 of goat anti-human IgG. Most A431 cells demonstrated intense fluorescence staining while others exhibited diffuse and often discontinuous membrane staining with the antibodies. In summary, this simplistic technique can be applied for the rapid detection of antigens displayed by the adherent tumor cell lines.
Model Validation of Wake-Vortex / Aircraft Encounters

Wake-vortex effects on an 10% scale model of the B737-100 aircraft are calculated using both strip theory and vortex-lattice methods. The results are then compared to data taken in the 30ft x 60ft wind tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). The accuracy of the models for a reduced geometry, such with the horizontal stabilizer and the vertical tail removed, is also investigated. Using a 10% error in the circulation strength and comparing the model's results with the experiment illustrates the sensitivity of the models to the vortex circulation strength. It was determined that both strip theory and the vortex lattice method give accurate results when all the geometrical information is used. When the horizontal stabilizer and vertical tail were removed there were difficulties modeling the sideforce coefficient and pitching moment. With the removal of only the vertical tail unacceptable errors occurred when modeling the sideforce coefficient and yawing moment. Lift could not be accurately modeled with either the full geometry or the reduced geometry.
Presentation of Branch Entry Losses in Industrial Ventilation Systems

Abstract The present method of estimating branch entry losses in an industrial ventilation system, as given by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' Committee on Industrial Ventilation, assumes that branch entry loss is proportional to the velocity pressure in the branch duct and that no static pressure loss occurs in the main duct. The goal of this work was to study the interdependence of the velocity pressures in the branch, main, and combined ducts, using available experimental data, and to find a suitable method for graphically and mathematically presenting this interdependence. It was found that the static pressure loss in the branch does not correlate with the velocity pressure in the branch, as assumed in the currently used method. The total pressure loss in the branch (i.e., the sum of the branch's static and velocity pressures), however, does not linerally correlate with the branch's velocity pressure. When presented in this matter, each velocity pressure in the main duct...
Reported use of a Japanese accent to promote fluency

Abstract This report describes a case study of a young adult man who reportedly adopted an imitation of a Japanese accent as a means of eliminating symptoms of stuttering. Prolonged unfilled pauses and altered stress patterns were key features of his deviant speech pattern. Following an extensive evaluation of his communication skills and case history, it was determined that his unusual speech pattern may have resulted from an identification with a small peer group of Japanese exchange students with whom he felt comfortable. This identity (including his accent) may have provided him with self-confidence he lacked as a teenager, thus enabling him to communicate with more assurance and confidence. It was conclude he was neither a stutterer nor a clutterer.
Impact of high-speed rail on international tourism demand in China

This study investigates the impact of the Chinese high-speed rail (HSR) systems on its international tourism demand. A panel data set of 21 countries over the period 1997 to 2012 is analysed using dynamic panel modeling following the classical tourism demand model. The empirical examination confirms the overall impact of HSR is positive, but the small elasticity of HSR station on international tourism demand may imply the negligible influence of the large number of small HSR stations.
Current issues with platelet transfusion in patients with cancer

For the past 30 years, platelet transfusions have been used in the treatment of thrombocytopenia caused by decreased production, inadequate function, or increased destruction of platelets. The number of platelet transfusions has increased more than transfusions of other blood components, shifting from whole blood use for the platelet source to plateletpheresis. Hematology/oncology patients are among the largest group receiving platelet transfusions, primarily because the more aggressive chemotherapies produce more acute and prolonged thrombocytopenia. While platelet transfusions often rescue patients with very low platelet levels, they are associated with the risk of viral and bacterial infections, as well as alloimmunization. Platelet donor recruitment can also be difficult, and platelet transfusion can be very expensive depending on the source of platelets. As a result, prophylactic transfusions are less likely to be administered at higher platelet counts, reducing platelet use and cost of platelet transfusions. However, cancer patients receiving intensive chemotherapy or myeloablative regimens require multiple platelet transfusions. For these patients, alternate strategies are needed so that platelet transfusions can be significantly reduced or eliminated.
Occupational Exposure to Solvents: Neuropsychiatric and Imaging Features

FIGURE 1. A study that compared the prevalence of psychiatric disorders between subjects with chronic solvent encephalopathy (CSE) because of long-term occupational exposure and a matched (age, gender) community sample found that rates were elevated for some disorders and reduced for others, suggesting specificity. The prevalence rates for each psychiatric diagnosis in the CSE subjects (red) and the community controls (green) is illustrated. Note that while the prevalence of several mood and anxiety disorders was higher, the prevalence of alcohol-related disorders was much lower in the subjects with CSE. Unexpectedly, the prevalence of the psychiatric disorders did not differ with effort testing (passed versus failed).
Flexible histograms: a multiresolution target discrimination model

ABSTRACT In previous work we have developed a methodology for texture recognition and synthesis that estimates and exploitsthe dependencies across scale that occur within images."2 In this paper we discuss the application of this techniqueto synthetic aperture radar (SAR) vehicle classification. Our approach measures characteristic cross-scale depen-dencies in training imagery; targets are recognized when these characteristic dependencies are detected. We presentclassification results over a large public database containing SAR images of vehicles. Classification performance iscompared to the Wright Patterson baseline classifier.3 These preliminary experiments indicate that this approachhas sufficient discrimination power to perform target detection/classification in SAR. 1. INTRODUCTION The detection and classification of targets in imagery is a difficult problem. Any successful algorithm must be ableto correctly classify the very wide range of images generated by a single target class. The sources of image variationsin SAR are many: target rotation, translation, articulation, sensor noise, depression angle, overlay, camouflage,and many others. Typically classifiers attempt to deal with these variations in one of two ways: invariance andduplication. For example, translation invariance could be achieved by only measuring the distance between detectedscatters, since distance is invariant to translation. However, such a method does not work as well as the targetrotates, since scatters may appear and then disappear. Alternatively, a duplicative technique could be used at the
A new speaker change detection method for two-speaker segmentation

In absence of prior information about speakers, an important step in speaker segmentation is to obtain initial estimates for training speaker models. In this paper, we present a new method for obtaining these estimates. The method assumes that a conversation must be initiated by one of the speakers. Thus one speaker model is estimated from the small segment at the beginning of the conversation and the segment that has the largest distance from the initial segment is used to train second speaker model. We describe a system based on this method and evaluate it on two different tasks: a controlled task with variations in the duration of the initial speaker segment and amount of overlapped speech and 2001 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation task that contains natural conversations. This system shows significant improvements over the conventional system in absence of overlapped speech on the controlled task.
An epistemic utility approach to coordination in the Prisoner's Dilemma

A probabilistic model of single-agent decision making is reviewed which accounts for considerations of both correctness and value. The formalism is then extended to decisions involving multiple agents by the use of a joint coordination function. Individual agents are characterized by factoring the coordination function in terms of conditional valuation and belief functions. This formalism is used to explore the parameter space in which cooperative decisions are possible in the Prisoner's Dilemma.
The Monsters in My Head: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Child Survivor of Sexual Abuse

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is 1 of several possible outcomes of child sexual victimization. There is a growing body of literature regarding the prevalence of PTSD among children who have been sexually victimized. Using specific case examples, this article looks at the nature and scope of the problem, diagnostic criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) symptomatology of children presenting with this disorder, assessment and diagnosis, treatment interventions, and implications for counselors treating this population.
The Interrelatedness of Adverse Childhood Experiences Among High-Risk Juvenile Offenders:

The interrelatedness of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in 64,329 juvenile offenders was examined. ACEs include childhood abuse (physical, emotional, and sexual), neglect (physical and emotion...
Behavior and Design of Posttensioned Steel Frame Systems

A posttensioned (PT) steel moment resisting frame is a self-centering earthquake resistant steel frame that uses posttensioning steel to compress the beam flanges against the column flanges at the connections. The posttensioning contributes to the moment capacity of the connections and provides an elastic restoring force that returns the frame to its pre-earthquake position. This paper describes the behavior and design of PT frames and PT frame systems, where a PT frame system is a PT frame with the collector elements that connect it to the floor system. The interaction of the floor system with the PT frame produces axial forces in the beams that add to those from the posttensioning. This paper outlines a performance-based seismic design approach for PT steel frame systems. Seismic performance levels, seismic input levels, structural limit states and capacities, and structural demands for PT frame systems are defined. The design objectives are outlined, design criteria are given, and a step-by-step design procedure is given. The design approach is evaluated via comparisons with time-history analysis results.
The use of electron paramagnetic resonance in the probing of the nano-dielectric interface

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been used to study the properties of trapped electrons or holes in XLPE and in 12.5% vinylsilane-treated SiO2 nano-particles in XLPE specimens. Both electrically unstressed and electrically stressed (up to 25 kV/mm) specimens were used. The EPR spectra of both materials indicated that the acceptors/donors were oxygen radicals in the polymer, probably originating during the cross-linking. It was found that the anisotropic oxygen environments were not randomly oriented, but were textured, presumably during the fabrication of the sheet specimens. It was found that under the action of an applied electric field, the population of an additional number of oxygen radicals occurred. This result is discussed in relation to the implied polymer structure and conductivity mechanisms.
A fuzzy logic-based foundation for analyzing imprecise conflicting requirements

Imprecise requirements are represented by the canonical form in test-score semantics. The concepts of feasibility, satisfiability, and specificity are formalized based on the fuzzy sets. The relationships between requirements are classified to be conflicting and cooperative. A feasible overall requirement can thus be formulated based on the tradeoff analysis of the conflicting requirements by using fuzzy multi-criteria optimization technique. >