cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"Just the facts": meandering in schizophrenia's many forests.

To paraphrase a famous American philosopher and pragmatist William James “The facts of schizophrenia are like islands in the sea or like trees in the forest which comingle their roots in the darkness underground” (Bowers and Skrupskelis, 1975). The papers in our series “Schizophrenia” Just the Facts”, (Keshavan et al., 2008; Tandon et al., 2008a, 2008b, 2009, 2010) which take stock of what we have learned about schizophrenia in the last three decades, highlight our inability to precisely define the tree-facts that constitute the forest-construct of schizophrenia or exactly delineate how their roots comingle in the underground to characterize this entity. Our conclusions suggest the need for a shift in perspective towards viewing the trees from much higher aboveordeeperunderneath tobetterdeterminewhether a forest exists and, if so, what its boundaries are. The last paper in our series (Keshavan et al., 2011) likened schizophrenia to an elephant in the dark room being groped by several blind men each of whom come up with different interpretations of the nature of this beast depending onwhich part theywere “looking at”. All the commentators to this last paper in our series have thoughtfully reflected on our central message— discarding the idea of schizophrenia as a single nosological entity and the need to envision the elephant or the forest from far above. In his engaging, yet provocative commentary, Kapur (2011)muses about the scenario of Emil Kraepelin looking at our current state of affairs and wondering why we have not moved beyond his century-old unitary construct of dementia praecox even as its definition is vastly changed. Carpenter (2011) perspicaciously discusses the contradictionbetween the need to consider schizophrenia a singular entity for thepurposeof its elucidation contrastedwith the reality that it is many. Maj (2011) is similarly skeptical of how well we really understand schizophrenia and wonders about the paradox that the more “data” that are generated about schizophrenia, the less certain and confused we are about its true nature. DeLisi (2011) perceptively points out that generating viable hypotheses and models of schizophrenia has laggedbehind theabundanceoffindingsproduced. JohnSweeney (2011), in his effort to visualize the elephant from far above, astutely points the need to think outside the nosological box, and to simultaneously examine genotype–phenotype relationships across diverse disorders in order to delineate both unique and shared aspects of phenomenologically nebulous psychiatric syndromes. In his commentary, Van Os (2011) cleverly points out that the “facts”we identify as defining schizophrenia are really non-facts, since none of them is necessary or sufficient for this
Scholte wave attenuation estimates from two diverse test sites

Scholte wave arrivals at two diverse test sites were analyzed with the spectral ratio method to obtain estimates of the shear attenuation properties of deep sea bottom sediments. The quantities obtained are interpreted as depth averaged estimates of the quality factor Q. The Scholte waves were generated by bottom located explosive charges and recorded on ocean bottom seismometers. The source-to-receiver ranges were approximately 0.6 to 2.0 km, and the bandwidth of the Scholte waves used m the analyse was approximately 0.3 to 6.0 Hz. The results obtained are internally consistent and fall within the range of values previously published in the literature. The results from one site are compared to Q estimates reported by another investigator for an experiment site in the same area. >
Enhancement and simplification of macromolecular images

Computer graphics programs have been devised to display selected atomic features and to simplify images of complex macromolecular structures. By using boundary outlines, adjustment of size and shape of the molecular components, color coding, shading, and selective omission of obscuring detail, attention can be focused on specific interactions which determine higher levels of organization. A balanced color table has been constructed in which different hues have equal steps in brightness; this table has facilitated distinction of atom types and sequence coding together with representation of an optimum range of depth cueing and surface shading. The graphics system has been used with the atomic coordinates of the tobacco mosaic virus structure to simplify images of the protein subunit, to illustrate intermolecular interactions, and to relate subunit packing arrangements in different assemblies to the underlying atomic structure. The system has also been used to construct a schematic representation of the polyomavirus capsid, based on low resolution data. Application of artistic methods contributes to the effective presentation and interpretation of detailed scientific information about complex macromolecular structures.
Simulation of peptide folding with explicit water--a mean solvation method.

A new approach to efficiently calcu- late solvent effect in computer simulation of macro- molecular systems has been developed. Explicit sol- vent molecules are included in the simulation to provide a mean solvation force for the solute con- formational search. Simulations of an alanine dipeptide in aqueous solution showed that the new approach is significantly more efficient than conven- tional molecular dynamics method in conforma- tional search, mainly because the mean solvation force reduced the solvent damping effect. This ap- proach allows the solute and solvent to be simulated separately with different methods. For the macro- molecule, the rigid fragment constraint dynamics method we developed previously allows large time- steps. For the solvent, a combination of a modified force-bias Monte Carlo method and a preferential sampling can efficiently sample the conformational space. A folding simulation of a 16-residue peptide in water showed high efficiency of the new approach. Proteins 1999;34:295-302. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Physical Attractiveness Biases in Ratings of Employment Suitability: Tracking Down the “Beauty is Beastly” Effect

The "what is beautiful is good" heuristic suggests that physically attractive persons benefit from their attractiveness in a large range of situations, including perceptions of employment suitability. Conversely, the "beauty is beastly" effect suggests that attractiveness can be detrimental to women in certain employment contexts, although these findings have been less consistent than those for the "what is beautiful is good" effect. The current research seeks to uncover situations in which beauty might be detrimental for female applicants. In two studies, we found that attractiveness can be detrimental for women applying for masculine sex-typed jobs for which physical appearance is perceived as unimportant.
Endogenous mobility, human capital and trade

This paper presents a model that highlights the role of skilled migration in the emergence of regional differences as a consequence of foreign trade. The model is based on the widely used increasing returns/transportation costs framework, with heterogeneous households and imperfect labor mobility added. When some regions have a geographical advantage in their access to the outside world, international trade leads to human capital reallo
Entry at the trans-Face of the Golgi

The trans-Golgi network (TGN) receives a select set of proteins from the endocytic pathway-about 5% of total plasma membrane glycoproteins (Duncan and Kornfeld 1988). Proteins that are delivered include mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs), TGN46, sortilin, and various toxins that hitchhike a ride backward through the secretory pathway to intoxicate cells after they exit into the cytoplasm from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This article will review work on the molecular players that drive protein transport from the endocytic pathway to the TGN. Distinct requirements have revealed multiple routes for retrograde transport; in addition, the existence of multiple, potential coat proteins and/or cargo adaptors imply that multiple vesicular transfers are likely involved. Several comprehensive reviews have appeared recently and should be sought for additional details (Bonifacino and Rojas 2006; Johannes and Popoff 2008).
Apostle of Obscurantism: the Archimandrite Photius of Russia (1792–1838)

The archimandrite Photius of Russia, one of the most unusual figures to appear in a national history hardly lacking in the bizarre, played a unique role in the development of the modern Russian State. Possibly no other Russian churchman in modern times enjoyed so much power, however briefly, and used it for such unfortunate purposes as Photius. Through his influence upon the emperor Alexander i he determined the history of the Russian empire in such a manner that beneficial trends of growth were terminated and salutary movements aborted, to the great disadvantage of later generations. Had he lived during the reign of Nicholas ii, not a century earlier, Photius would undoubtedly have garnered something of the immortality accorded to those who brought Russia to its final dissolution; yet his role in the decline and fall of the Romanovs was no less than that of those who followed later.
ITRI ZBnode: A ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Platform for Wireless Sensor Networks

Research of the past years has led to numerous novel developments and approaches for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, most previous work has focused on either mathematical analysis or theoretical algorithms with extensive simulation results. In this paper, in order to realistically understand the complexity of WSNs, a ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 platform has been designed and implemented. Based on an IEEE 802.15.4 radio and ZigBee protocol stack, the developed ITRI ZBnode is an autonomous wireless communication and computing platform aimed at fast prototyping and research in WSNs. The platform attempts to provide a low data rate, low power, and low cost wireless networking on the device-level communication. Finally, examples of tree and mesh network formation are provided to demonstrate practicability of the developed ZBnode platform.
Management of early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The best treatment of early stage Hodgkin lymphoma has been controversial because of the success achieve with several approaches. These include large field radiation therapy alone, the combined modalities of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and more recently, chemotherapy alone. Current clinical trials are attempting to reduce toxicity while continuing to achieve excellent results. This chapter will review the evolution of treatment for early stage Hodgkin lymphoma and will describe different the different approaches that have been developed.
Achieving Singularity in Mammalian Odorant Receptor Gene Choice

Odor discrimination requires differential expression of odor detectors. In fact, olfactory input to the brain is organized in units (glomeruli) innervated only by olfactory sensory neurons that express the same odorant receptor (OR). Therefore, discriminatory capacity is maximized if each sensory neuron expresses only one allele of a single OR gene, a postulate sometimes canonized as the “one neuron–one receptor rule.” OR gene choice appears to result from a hierarchy of processes: differential availability of the alleles of each OR gene, zonal exclusion (or selection), OR gene switching during the initiation of OR gene transcription, and OR-dependent feedback to solidify the choice of one OR gene. The mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood, though a few elements are known or suspected. For example, the mechanism of activation of OR gene transcription appears to work in part through a few homeobox transcription factors (Emx2, and perhaps Lhx2) and the Ebf family of transcription factors. Further insights will probably come from several directions, but a promising hypothesis is that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to all levels of the hierarchical control of OR gene expression, especially the repressive events that seem to be necessary to achieve the singularity of OR gene choice.
Book Review: The Facts of Life. . And More: Sexuality and Intimacy for People with Intellectual Disabilities

Author: Leslie Walker-Hirsch Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, 2007 Paper, ISBN: 978-155766714-4, 320 pages Cost: $29.95 USD Available from http://www.brookespublishing.com or www.amazon.com
Correction for Chen et al., Divergent MicroRNA Targetomes of Closely Related Circulating Strains of a Polyomavirus

Volume 87, no. 20, p. [11135–11147][1], 2013. Authors C. J. Chen, R. P. Kincaid, A. Martinez, and C. S. Sullivan would like to note the following. We have deemed some work from a previous lab member to be unreliable. Therefore, we have initiated a systematic review of all published work performed
The elasmobranch spiracular organ. I. Morphological studies.

The spiracular organ is a lateral line derived receptor associated with the first gill cleft (spiracle). Its functional morphology was studied in the little skate,Raja erinacea, and a shark, the smooth dogfish,Mustelus canis, with light and electron microscopy. The spiracular organ is a tube (skate) or pouch (shark) with a single pore opening into the spiracle. The lumen is lined with patches of sensory hair cells, and filled with a gelatinous cupula. In the little skate, hair cells form synapses with afferents but apparently not with efferent fibers. In both species, the spiracular organs are deformed by flexion of the hyomandibular cartilage at its articulation with the cranium. The hyomandibula is a suspensory element of the jaws; hyomandibular flexion results in jaw protrusion. The little skate spiracular organ is anchored at one end to the cranium and at the other to the hyomandibula so that it is stretched or relaxed during hyomandibular extension and flexion, respectively. InMustelus, the effects of hyomandibular flexion on the spiracular organ are mediated indirectly by the superior post-spiracular ligament which inserts on the distal end of the hyomandibula. Deformation of the dogfish shark cupula during hyomandibular movement was observed. In the little skate, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, there is a measurable deflection of the hair cell ciliary bundles from spiracular organs fixed with the hyomandibula in the flexed relative to the extended positions. In both species, hyomandibula flexion should result in hair cell depolarization, and sensory afferent excitation, based on the direction of the observed (skate) or expected (shark) deflection of hair cell cilia.
Low-Lying Triplet States of Diphosphene and Diphosphinylidene

In this research, six low-lying triplet states of diphosphene (HPPH) and disphosphinylidene (PPH2) are systematically investigated starting from self-consistent field theory and proceeding to multireference coupled cluster methods using a wide range of basis sets. For each structure, the geometry, energy, dipole moment, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and infrared intensities are predicted. The triplet potential energy surface (PES) of P2H2 is presented, based on systematically extrapolated coupled cluster energies and accounting for core−valence correlation, zero-point vibrational energy, and diagonal Born−Oppenheimer effects. Both 3A′′ pyramidal PPH2 and 3B skewed HPPH are minima on the triplet PES and lie 27.4 ± 0.3 and 32.4 ± 0.3 kcal mol−1 above the global minimum structure closed-shell 1Ag trans-HPPH, respectively. The energy barrier for the isomerization reaction [3B skewed HPPH → 3A′′ pyramidal PPH2] is predicted to be 16.4 ± 0.3 kcal mol−1. On this triplet PES, two equivalent 3B skewed HPPH are...
A Virtual Experimentation Platform Enabling the Design, Testing, and Verification of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle through Cyber-Physical, Component-Based Design

The rate at which aerospace systems complexity has increased over the past half-century has far outpaced the advancement of design methodologies and product lifecycle management (PLM) processes used to develop those systems. The lack of investment in design methodology and PLM infrastructure has materialized in the form of inefficient and costly aerospace projects that exhibit the typical design-test-build-redesign cycle. This iterative behavior has established itself as the status quo for engineering design and is partly attributed to ill-defined and evolving program requirements, insufficient exploration of the architectural space in early stages of design, widening communication gaps between design and manufacturability, and an inability to capture certain phenomena without physical prototyping and testing. Furthermore, current aerospace systems are commonly characterized by a high parts count, increasingly complex component and subsystem interaction, and tightly coupled software-hardware dependencies. In concert, these attributes, behaviors, and practices associated with aerospace systems design continue to impair our ability to meet the demands of tomorrow without accepting a high-amount of programmatic risk in terms of project timeline and financial investment. This paper offers a new approach to the design and manufacturability of complex aerospace systems and will focus on delivering an informative account of a joint initiative between Dassault Systemes and Georgia Tech that involves the conceptual design of a microautonomous system. The micro-autonomous system is designed to support ground troops in reconnaissance missions and fulfill a critical need to provide tactical situational awareness in hostile environments. The authors will use the design of the micro-autonomous system to highlight systems engineering methods and integrated software tool suites that support the ability to facilitate requirements capture and traceability, impose manufacturability concerns early in the design process, and enhance information flow and its harmonization.
A Quasi-Experimental Study of Trauma-Informed Psychiatric Residential Treatment for Children and Adolescents.

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a trauma-informed approach that was adapted for psychiatric residential treatment (PRT) for children aged 5–17.Methods:Data wer...
Metastatic unresectable colorectal cancer: is the cost of treatment justified?

It is very important for us to first recognize the successes we are having in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. With novel chemotherapies, biological therapies, surgical interventions and liver-directed therapies, we have nearly tripled the survival of patients with this common deadly disease. But unfortunately healthcare delivery around the world is very expensive and very complicated and therefore only accessible to those with the highest level of means and access. We have in essence created medical care on the luxury level. In this perspective piece, we will review how we got here and some ideas of how we can go forward, making room for innovations to come.
Single-File Diffusion of Gas Mixtures in Nanochannels of the Dipeptide l-Ala-l-Val: High-Field Diffusion NMR Study

Single-file diffusion (SFD) of CO/CH4 and CO/CO2 mixtures as well as the corresponding pure gases in channels of polycrystalline l-Ala-l-Val dipeptide was investigated by pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR. The measured SFD mobilities of the mixtures, where each component was found to exhibit identical diffusion behavior, were compared with the SFD mobilities of the corresponding pure gases at the same or comparable total gas concentrations. Both studied mixtures were observed to diffuse faster than the slowest pure component forming the mixture. This observed behavior is in stark contrast to the trend often reported in the case of normal diffusion in microporous materials where the addition of a faster diffusing component to a slower diffusing component does not change significantly the diffusivity of the slower diffusing component. Molecular clustering in the studied single-file channels is proposed to explain the observed relationship between the mixture and one-component mobilities and to reconcile the e...
A Hierarchical WENO Reconstructed Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Computing Shock Waves

The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods[1] have recently become popular for the solution of systems of conservation laws because of their several attractive features such as easy extension to and compact stencil for higher-order (> 2nd) approximation, flexibility in handling arbitrary types of grids for complex geometries, and amenability to parallelization and hp-adaptation. However, the DG Methods have their own share weaknesses. In particular, how to effectively control spurious oscillations in the presence of strong discontinuities, and how to reduce the computing costs and storage requirements for the DGM remain the two most challenging and unresolved issues in the DGM.
GANGLION OF THE POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT: REPORT OF A CASE.

The fourth recorded case of ganglion of the posterior cruciate ligament is presented with a brief review of the previously reported cases. A traumatic origin of the ganglion is suggested in this case.
Connecting tumor genomics with therapeutics through multi-dimensional network modules

Recent efforts have catalogued genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic and proteomic changes in tumors, but connecting these data with effective therapeutics remains a challenge. In contrast, cancer cell lines can model therapeutic responses but only partially reflect tumor biology. Bridging this gap requires new methods of data integration to identify a common set of pathways and molecular events. Using MAGNETIC, a new method to integrate molecular profiling data using functional networks, we identify 219 gene modules in TCGA breast cancers that capture recurrent alterations, reveal new roles for H3K27 tri-methylation and accurately quantitate various cell types within the tumor microenvironment. We show that a significant portion of gene expression and methylation in tumors is poorly reproduced in cell lines due to differences in biology and microenvironment and MAGNETIC identifies therapeutic biomarkers that are robust to these differences. This work addresses a fundamental challenge in pharmacogenomics that can only be overcome by the joint analysis of patient and cell line data.
Quality of end-of-life care: how far have we come in addressing the needs of multicultural patients?

In an important foundational study, in 1995 Blackhall et al., identified divergent preferences and approaches to decision making among 200 Korean, Mexican, African, and European-Americans surveyed at 31 senior centers in the cultural mix of Los Angeles (1).
CONCEPTS FROM LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ANALYSIS

This chapter reviews concepts from linear algebra and analysis. It discusses Wilkinson numbers and their computations, norm functions, linear transformations, and differentiation. The chapter describes at linear transformations and their effect on Wilkinson numbers. It also discusses the problem of computing Wilkinson numbers. The chapter introduces the notion of reverse operator norm, a type of Wilkinson number.
NEUROG1 Regulates CDK2 to Promote Proliferation in Otic Progenitors

Loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) significantly contributes to hearing loss. Otic progenitor cell transplantation is a potential strategy to replace lost SGNs. Understanding how key transcription factors promote SGN differentiation in otic progenitors accelerates efforts for replacement therapies. A pro-neural transcription factor, Neurogenin1 (Neurog1), is essential for SGN development. Using an immortalized multipotent otic progenitor (iMOP) cell line that can self-renew and differentiate into otic neurons, NEUROG1 was enriched at the promoter of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) and neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1) genes. Changes in H3K9ac and H3K9me3 deposition at the Cdk2 and NeuroD1 promoters suggested epigenetic regulation during iMOP proliferation and differentiation. In self-renewing iMOP cells, overexpression of NEUROG1 increased CDK2 to drive proliferation, while knockdown of NEUROG1 decreased CDK2 and reduced proliferation. In iMOP-derived neurons, overexpression of NEUROG1 accelerated acquisition of neuronal morphology, while knockdown of NEUROG1 prevented differentiation. Our findings suggest that NEUROG1 can promote proliferation or neuronal differentiation.
Comparative Genomics of Aspergillus flavus S and L Morphotypes Yield Insights into Niche Adaptation

Aspergillus flavus, the primary causal agent for aflatoxin contamination on crops, consists of isolates with two distinct morphologies: isolates of the S morphotype produce numerous small sclerotia and lower numbers of conidia while isolates of the L morphotype produce fewer large sclerotia and abundant conidia. The morphotypes also differ in aflatoxin production with S isolates consistently producing high concentrations of aflatoxin, whereas L isolates range from atoxigenic to highly toxigenic. The production of abundant sclerotia by the S morphotype suggests adaptation for long-term survival in the soil, whereas the production of abundant conidia by the L morphotype suggests adaptation for aerial dispersal to the phyllosphere. To identify genomic changes that support differential niche adaption, the sequences of three S and three L morphotype isolates were compared. Differences in genome structure and gene content were identified between the morphotypes. A >530 kb inversion between the morphotypes affect a secondary metabolite gene cluster and a cutinase gene. The morphotypes also differed in proteins predicted to be involved in carbon/nitrogen metabolism, iron acquisition, antimicrobial defense, and evasion of host immunity. The S morphotype genomes contained more intact secondary metabolite clusters indicating there is higher selection pressure to maintain secondary metabolism in the soil and that it is not limited to aflatoxin production. The L morphotype genomes were enriched in amino acid transporters, suggesting efficient nitrogen transport may be critical in the nutrient limited phyllosphere. These findings indicate the genomes of the two morphotypes differ beyond developmental genes and have diverged as they adapted to their respective niches.
Membranes and rods from lattice films and chains: Modeling and computations

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a method for the systematic reduction of degrees of freedom in the static analysis of lattice systems of reduced dimensionality. The traditional methods of crystal elasticity, valid for space-filling crystals, are extended to deal with crystalline films in 3D and chains in 2D or 3D. A recently proposed generalization of the Cauchy-Bom rule, the Exponential Bom rule, is key to these developments. This methodology allows to formulate the hyper-elastic constitutive relations for continua of reduced dimensionality (lines, surfaces) based exclusively on the underlying lattice model, which very accurately mimic the parent discrete model in the full nonlinear regime. The applications of this theory include a membrane for carbon nanotubes and rod models for one-dimensional linear and zig-zag chains. These continuum models can be discretized with finite elements, providing a computationally advantageous alternative to full atomistic calculations.
Global Convergence of EM Algorithm for Mixtures of Two Component Linear Regression

The Expectation-Maximization algorithm is perhaps the most broadly used algorithm for inference of latent variable problems. A theoretical understanding of its performance, however, largely remains lacking. Recent results established that EM enjoys global convergence for Gaussian Mixture Models. For Mixed Linear Regression, however, only local convergence results have been established, and those only for the high SNR regime. We show here that EM converges for mixed linear regression with two components (it is known that it may fail to converge for three or more), and moreover that this convergence holds for random initialization. Our analysis reveals that EM exhibits very different behavior in Mixed Linear Regression from its behavior in Gaussian Mixture Models, and hence our proofs require the development of several new ideas.
Capital and Convict: Race, Region, and Punishment in Post-Civil War America

Long-established regional perspectives are increasingly under siege from U.S. historians. During the last two decades, scholars have particularly attacked notions of southern distinctiveness. Impor...
LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN MEDICATION DOSING AMONG PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION: FROM THE CHAMP-HF REGISTRY

Guidelines recommend titration of medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) to target doses derived from clinical trials, as tolerated. The degree to which such titration occurs in contemporary US practice is unclear. Among 2,588 US outpatients with chronic HFrEF in
A Vector Approach for Analytical Dynamics of a System of Rigid Bars

An analytical mechanics approach to derive equations of motion from vector kinematic description of rigid bar assemblies is developed. It is shown that various holonomic constraints governing multi...
Organische Phosphorverbindungen 42. Einige Reaktionen von Bis-(dialkoxyphosphonyl-methyl)-O-alkylphosphinaten und Tris-(dialkoxyphosphonyl-methyl)-phosphinoxiden [1]†

The metallation of alkyl bis-(dialkyloxyphosphonyl-methyl)-phosphinates (I) and tris-(dialkyloxyphosphonyl-methyl)-phosphine oxides (II) proceeds quantitatively with Na, K, or NaH in inert organic solvents. Alkylation of these metallated derivatives is effected with alkyl halides. In addition to the mono-alkylated products, the di-alkylated and the non-alkylated products are formed also. The ester groups of II can be replaced by aryl groups by reaction with Grignard reagents to produce the corresponding tetratertiary phosphine oxides. Reduction of II with LiAlH4 results in complete rupture of the molecule and produces only the cleavage products PH3 and CH3PH2. Chlorination of the ester groups of I and II does not lead to uniform products. Concomitant with the chlorination of the ester groups, a cleavage reaction has been observed which produces as the main product Cl2CHP(O)Cl2. The anhydride of the hexa-acid of II is readily obtained either by reaction of this acid with (CH3CO)2O or by reaction of II with (PhCO)2O. The titration behaviour and the high m. p. indicate an adamantane-like structure for the anhydride. Halogenation of the bridging PCH2P groups of I and II is achieved by reaction with aqueous alkaline hypohalite at ambient temperature. This halogenation is accompanied by partial cleavage, and analytically pure samples could not be isolated.
Describing the ideal victim: A linguistic analysis of victim descriptions

In 1986, Nils Christie proposed that the ideal victim is worthy of sympathy because he or she possesses specific characteristics. Since that time, numerous social scientists have used his ideal victim construct to guide their research. However, few empirical studies have explored whether laypersons use the ideal victim construct to guide their thinking about victims. This study collected and analyzed victim descriptions to empirically explore how people conceptualize victims. Participants were asked to describe either legitimate or illegitimate victims. Then, linguistic analyses were conducted on these descriptions. Legitimate victim descriptions closely aligned with Christie’s ideal victim construct, focusing on concepts such as innocence, vulnerability, experiencing harm, and helplessness. Sympathy-laden language was used in legitimate victim descriptions. Illegitimate victims were described as individuals who failed to be true victims or as phonies. This study provides insight into how laypeople think about victims and provides data-driven support for the ideal victim construct.
Parallel Event Selection on HPC Systems

In their recent measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters, NOvA uses a sample of approximately 25 million reconstructed spills to search for electron-neutrino appearance events. These events are stored in an n-tuple format, in 250 thousand ROOT files. File sizes range from a few hundred KiB to a few MiB; the full dataset is approximately 1.4 TiB. These millions of events are reduced to a few tens of events by the application of strict event selection criteria, and then summarized by a handful of numbers each, which are used in the extraction of the neutrino oscillation parameters.The NOvA event selection code is currently a serial C++ program that reads these n-tuples. The current table data format and organization and the selection/ reduction processing involved provides us with an opportunity to explore alternate approaches to represent the data and implement the processing. We represent our n-tuple data in HDF5 format that is optimized for the HPC environment and which allows us to use the machine’s high-performance parallel I/O capabilities. We use MPI, numpy and h5py to implement our approach and compare the performance with the existing approach. We study the performance implications of using thousands of small files of different sizes as compared with one large file using HPC resources. This work has been done as part of the SciDAC project, “HEP analytics on HPC” in collaboration with the ASCR teams at ANL and LBNL.
Perspective for Part IV

The advances that have been made in understanding the developmental processes and molecular pathways that control cardiac development have been enormous in the last several decades. It was the original goal of the first Takao Symposia in 1978 to promote the scientific understanding of cardiac morphogenesis to form a foundation for investigating the mechanisms of congenital heart disease. However, even the ambitious investigators who attended that first meeting would not have anticipated the rapid progress that has occurred in this field. Furthermore, few would have predicted that there would be serious discussion about exploiting developmental paradigms to promote cardiac stem cell differentiation as an approach to attain cardiac regeneration. In this section we get a glimpse of some exciting new developments in these areas that have been the direct result of insights presented at and encouraged by the Takao Symposia.
Expectancy and affective response to challenging balance practice conditions in individuals with Parkinson's disease

Psychological states can influence motor performance and learning. In Parkinson's disease (PD), placebo effects or expectancies for pharmacological treatment benefits are not uncommon, but little is known about whether self-efficacy, beliefs about personal performance capabilities, may play a role in this population. To address this question, we investigated whether experimental manipulations designed to enhance self-efficacy would benefit motor performance and learning in PD. A motor learning paradigm was utilized to determine the short-term (i.e., practice) and longer-term (i.e., retention) impact of self-efficacy enhancement when 44 individuals with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I-III) acquired a challenging balance skill. Using stratified randomization by Hoehn and Yahr stage, participants were assigned to a control group or one of two investigational groups: (a) an expectancy-relevant statement that encouraged an incremental mindset in which the balance skill, though initially challenging, was acquirable with practice (incremental theory group, IT), and (b) the expectancy-relevant statement in combination with a criterion for successful performance (incremental theory plus success criteria group, IT + SC). All groups improved their balance performance, but contrary to expectations, investigational groups did not outperform the control group at practice or retention. Unexpectedly, the IT + SC group reported greater nervousness than the control and IT groups, suggesting that the employed success criteria may have induced performance-related anxiety. Regression analyses revealed that self-efficacy increase from initial practice predicted performance at the end of practice and at retention. These findings highlight the potential contribution of psychological factors on motor function and rehabilitation in individuals with PD.
P384 Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) implemented for Hepatitis C (HCV)/HIV co-infected patients in texas, USA

Background HCV prevalence in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) is approximately 25% and progression of liver disease is accelerated in PLWHIV. ECHO is a telementoring “hub and spoke” model based on knowledge-sharing networks led by expert teams using videoconferencing for sessions with community healthcare providers. We describe development and implementation of an HIV/HCV ECHO to educate/support primary care and infectious disease (ID) providers to treat HCV in PLWHIV. Methods Development began in October 2017. The expert panel assembled consisted of: ID specialist, hepatologist, psychiatrist, addiction medicine specialist, pharmacist, community health worker. An HIV/HCV didactic curriculum was developed. Initial spoke sites were providers at five HIV clinics. Equipment set up was ensured at the hub site. Minimal hardware requirement for spoke participation was a smart phone. A project website was developed. Innovations in use of REDCap, a cloud database platform, were developed. UT Health San Antonio HIV/HCV ECHO launched 1st October 2018. Results One-hour ECHO sessions are held twice a month. The HIV/HCV curriculum covers 11 topics. From 1st October 2018 – 22nd January 2019, 158 individuals participated in sessions including clinicians responsible for 1,155 PLWHIV, 42 co-infected with HCV. REDCap innovations included direct entry of de-identified clinical information for sessions into REDCap with export into a PDF format, automatic assignment of ECHO identification numbers for initial and follow up case presentations, direct entry of information required for Continuing Medical Education credit into REDCap. Website views were 1887 with 253 individuals using the site. Conclusion ECHO has been an effective foundation for a growing Community of Practice and Learning for HIV/HCV management. REDCap innovations facilitate ECHO administration. Reach to HIV/HCV co-infected patients has been demonstrated. The ECHO model should be considered to improve education about HCV management among HIV providers and to improve access to HCV treatment and cure for PLWHIV in their medical home. Disclosure No significant relationships.
995-P: Real-World Insulin Delivery Patterns for 1,202 Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Using the Omnipod Insulin Management System with Cloud-Based Data Management

Insulin pump therapy is increasing in T2D but real-world use has not been well studied. This report describes insulin delivery and glucose data from adults with T2D using a tubeless insulin pump (Omnipod® Insulin Management System, Acton, MA) with an integrated blood glucose (BG) meter (Abbott Diabetes Care Inc., Alameda, CA) and data management system (DMS; Glooko, Mountain View, CA). Pump system usage data uploaded to the DMS from Feb.-Aug. 2019 were linked to a database of self-reported demographic data and de-identified. Insulin and BG data from ≥3 mo of system use per user were analyzed. Adults (n=1,202) were aged (mean±SD) 58±11 yr: 47% female, 28% aged ≥65 yr. Total daily insulin was 61±29 units/d delivered as 60±16% basal. Percentage of total daily insulin from basal delivery was ≥50% for 73% of users, and ≥70% for 26%. Only 4.5% and 0.6% of users received ≥90% or These real-world data demonstrate positive self-management behaviors among a large cohort of adults with T2D using a tubeless insulin pump. Both basal and bolus insulin delivery were used by ≥95%, with 81% bolusing at least twice per day, and 22% using EB/TBR features. These results support the tubeless pump as a practicable option for those with T2D requiring insulin therapy. Disclosure I.B. Hirsch: Consultant; Self; Abbott, Bigfoot Biomedical, Roche Diabetes Care. Research Support; Self; Medtronic, Omnipod. R.S. Weinstock: Board Member; Self; JDRF. Consultant; Self; Insulogic LLC. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Diasome Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Jaeb Center for Health Research, Kowa Research Institute, Inc., Medtronic, Tolerion, Inc. L.M. Huyett: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. J. Jantz: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. A. Chang: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Insulet Corporation. T. Vienneau: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Insulet Corporation. T.T. Ly: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. Funding Insulet Corporation
Laser-Enhanced Single Crystal Growth of Non-SymmorphicMaterials: Applications to an Eight-Fold Fermion Candidate

Materials with nonsymmorphic symmetries have many applications and have recently come to the forefront as possibly harboring new topological states of matter, such as 8-fold fermions. Here, we repo...
Inflammatory Episodes of Desmoplakin Cardiomyopathy Masquerading as Myocarditis: Unique Features on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Myocarditis is associated with numerous infectious and noninfectious triggers; cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging during and after the episode may inform prognosis ([1][1]). Criteria for myocarditis include abnormal T1 and T2 findings, the latter identifying active inflammation or edema ([2][
Orthogonal Bowtie-Shaped 2D array for Real-time 3D Imaging

Developing fully-sampled 2D arrays having several thousands of elements has required the use of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) in the probe handle to funnel the signals from thousands of elements into 64–128 system receive channels for further beamforming in the system. ASICs require careful design to achieve acceptable noise-power tradeoff, reduced heat dissipation, and superior pulser performance. An important consideration is that high-voltage (HV) processes typically lag development by 5–10 years relative to low-voltage (LV) processes. This disparity makes it advantageous to optimize the HV and LV circuitry separately. In this work, we simulate a 2D array design consisting of 2 orthogonal bowtie shaped arrays, one for transmit only and one for receive only. This array design is amenable to the use of separate HV and LV ASIC processes without significant degradation of imaging performance. If desired, imaging performance can be augmented with an inverse filtering approach to achieve image quality more comparable to a fully-sampled array.
Trends in Use and Timing of Intratympanic Corticosteroid Injections for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

ObjectiveOral corticosteroids are treatment mainstays for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Recent studies suggest that intratympanic (IT) steroid injections may be effective as...
Energy Management Strategy and Optimization of a MicroGrid System Based on Echo State Networks

This paper discusses the investigation of the Echo State Networks (ESNs) used to optimize a MicroGrid (MG) system operation as well as, an application of a performant Energy Management System (EMS). MG is the grid connected-multisource which composed of an Hybrid Renewable Energy Source (HRES) with an hydrogen fuel transformation system (H2FTS). HRES includes a Photovoltaic Generator (PVG) and a Wind Power Generation System (WPGS). In this work, the ESN is applauded for the control and the optimization of the MG power flow, where the main objectives are, power flow control improvement, minimization in possible the loss in power and increasing the H2 storage efficient. Simulation tests prove that, the proposed EMS unit enables to convert the total power for controlling the Hydrogen Tank Level (H2TL), optimizing the injected energy and get involved the H2FTS to increase system efficiency with a contentious of service.
The Role of F18-FDG PETCT in the Evaluation and Surveillance of Rosai-Dorfman Disease

1158 Introduction: Rosai-Dorfman Disease (RDD), also known as Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (SHML), is a rare histiocytic disorder that classically presents in young adults as asymptomatic head and neck lymphadenopathy with spontaneous resolution in 20-40%. Extranodal involvement occurs in approximately half of cases with sites including kidneys, breasts, skin/subcutaneous tissue, bone, intra-abdominal organs, and the digestive tract. In the setting of multisystem involvement, mortality may range as high as 40%. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the role of whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT in the initial evaluation and assessment of treatment response in RDD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of histopathological proven RDD patient’s charts and sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging findings with attention to extranodal lesions. The relevant clinical presentation, FDG PET/CT imaging features, including lesion distribution pattern, SUV uptake, and its response to therapy were analyzed. Results: There were 14 patients with histopathological proven RDD enrolled in our study, with an average age of 47 years old (range 17-72 years old), male:female ratio of 5:9. In this cohort of patients, external nodal FDG-avid lesions were identified in cutaneous/subcutaneous soft tissue (n=11), nasal/sinus (n=6), osseous (n=5), breast (n=2), and kidneys (n=2), pericardium (n=1) and vocal cord (n=1). Single regimen and synergic treatment approaches varied within this cohort, including, corticosteroid, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and conservative treatment. All treated 9 patients within the study have follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT scans to monitor response to therapy. Conclusions: Whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT is a valuable imaging modality in the diagnosis, guidance of biopsy, and assessment of treatment response of RDD. It may provide accurate evaluation of disease burden in this rare etiology.
Assessment of long-term energy and environmental impacts of the cleaner technologies for brick production

Abstract Brick kiln sector in South Asia contributes to nearly quarter of the global bricks production. Coal is the primary fuel used by this industry and its inefficient combustion process results in harmful pollutants contributing to deteriorating air quality, health problems in local communities, and greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of cleaner technologies and adoption pathways to achieve environment-friendly and energy-efficient production of bricks in Pakistan during 2019–2050. The study incorporates various timelines for (Zig-Zag Kilns) ZZKs and Vertical Shaft Brick Kilns (VSBKs) adoption, and the phasing out of conventional, Fixed Chimney Bull’s Trench Kiln (FCBTKs). Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) based numerical calculations are performed to simulate brick production from 2019–2050 for seven different scenarios incorporating an assimilated technology mix of FCBTKs, ZZKs, and VSBKs. Emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, black carbon, methane, non-methane volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides are considered in this study. The swiftness of energy demand, and emissions reductions are greatly impacted by the elimination of the conventional FCBTKs. By adopting clearner brick manufacturing, 365.5 million tons (21.8%) of GHG emissions reduction can be achieved. The annual social cost of using FCBTKs increases from 1.02 billion $ in 2019 to 1.88 billion $ in 2050. Cumulative fuel saving potential of retrofitting to ZZKs is 157 million tons (17.7%) and it offers nearly 0.92 billion $ (51%) savings in annual social cost for year 2050. Our study finds that early adoption of ZZKs would benefit more than delayed adoption of VSBKs. However, transition to ZZK/ VSBK alone would not be sufficient to achieve net-zero carbon emissions. Carbon neutral fuels such as biomass and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) appear as an attractive option for deep decarbonization of this sector.
Mutation Rates: Data

Estimates of mutation rates from standard methods. Keywords: mutation accumulation; substitution rate; inbreeding depression; deleterious mutation