cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of fluorescent dextran conjugates as a long-term marker of osteogenic neural crest in frogs†

The neural crest is a population of multipotent stem cells unique to vertebrates. In the head, cranial neural crest (CNC) cells make an assortment of differentiated cell types and tissues, including neurons, melanocytes, cartilage, and bone. The earliest understanding of the developmental potentiality of CNC cells came from classic studies using amphibian embryos. Fate maps generated from these studies have been largely validated in recent years. However, a fate map for the most late-developing structures in amphibians, and especially anurans (frogs), has never been produced. One such tissue type, skull bone, has been among the most difficult tissues to study due to the long time required for its development during anuran metamorphosis, which in some species may not occur until several months, or even years, after hatching. We report a relatively simple technique for studying this elusive population of neural crest-derived osteogenic (bone-forming) cells in Xenopus laevis by using fluorescently labeled dextran conjugates.
Reduced Emotion Processing Efficiency in Healthy Males Relative to Females

This study examined sex differences in categorization of facial emotions and activation of brain regions supportive of those classifications. In Experiment 1, performance on the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT) was examined among 75 healthy females and 63 healthy males. Females were more accurate in the categorization of fearful expressions relative to males. In Experiment 2, 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired for a separate sample of 21 healthy females and 17 healthy males while performing the FEPT. Activation to neutral facial expressions was subtracted from activation to sad, angry, fearful and happy facial expressions. Although females and males demonstrated activation in some overlapping regions for all emotions, many regions were exclusive to females or males. For anger, sad and happy, males displayed a larger extent of activation than did females, and greater height of activation was detected in diffuse cortical and subcortical regions. For fear, males displayed greater activation than females only in right postcentral gyri. With one exception in females, performance was not associated with activation. Results suggest that females and males process emotions using different neural pathways, and these differences cannot be explained by performance variations.
Perceptions of Multicultural Training in Predoctoral Internship Programs: A Survey of Interns and Training Directors

Multicultural training at internship sites is a critical component in the preparation of doctoral-level psychologists, so the quality of this training is of the utmost importance. In the following study, the authors examine multicultural training from the perspective of predoctoral interns and training directors at counseling center sites that offer a major or minor rotation in multicultural therapy. Results suggest that perspectives vary between intems and training directors and that there is a great difference in the type of criteria used by each site as evidence of a major or minor rotation. The need for more standardized criteria to define major and minor rotations and suggestions for the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers, internship training directors, and prospective interns are discussed.
‘I'm not a computer person’: Negotiating participation in academic Discourses

While there is little doubt that technology is, in many ways, central to the college student experience today, the expectations of students and colleges vis-a-vis technology may not always be the same. This research explores the role of technology in the lives of today's college students, particularly within the institutional context of the university, and asks the question: What role does technology play in a freshman college student's participation in the academic Discourse of her institution? This paper focuses on the Discourse analysis of one student, Nichole, a focal participant in a semester-long, qualitative study of 34 undergraduate students at a university in the northeastern United States. Nichole's general dislike of technology places her in opposition to assumptions about the 'typical' Net Gen student; results indicated that the ways in which Nichole used technology in her personal life conflicted with her participation in the pro-technology academic Discourse of her institution. For Nichole, the disconnect between the institutional expectations for technology use and her personal technology practices resulted in the need to negotiate another layer of complexity on the path to academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PRTV, an efficient implementation for large relational data bases

PRTV [6] is a research prototype interactive data base. It is intended for use on its own or as part of a specialist system. The principle objectives are to provide: a) high level flexible data support, b) functional extensibility and c) reasonable efficiency. The prototype is also designed as a method of generating and testing ideas in a wider data base research programme.
Applying the strategy‐structure‐performance paradigm to the supply chain environment

Purpose – The paper extends a central paradigm of the strategy literature to the supply chain environment to foster a better understanding of the elements characterizing strategic decisions that lead to supply chain structural development and performance.Design/methodology/approach – Strategic literature is reviewed to provide a fuller explanation of the strategy‐structure‐performance (SSP) research stream. SSP foundational principles are linked to supply chain management concepts, and synthesized into an explanatory framework. Propositions for future research are presented based upon the framework.Findings – An iterative relationship among internal firm strategy, structure, and performance measurement systems is indicated, implying that firm supply chain strategy should be complementary with that of supply chain partners.Research limitations/implications – The paper presents a content analysis of existing research and a conceptual framework emerging from it. No data were collected nor were research propo...
Efficient conditional operations for data-parallel architectures

Many data-parallel applications, including emerging media applications, have regular structures that can easily be expressed as a series of arithmetic kernels operating on data streams. Data-parallel architectures are designed to exploit this regularity by performing the same operation on many data elements concurrently. However, applications containing data-dependent control constructs perform poorly on these architectures. Conditional streams convert these constructs into data-dependent data movement. This allows data-parallel architectures to efficiently execute applications with data-dependent control flow. Essentially, conditional streams extend the range of applications that a data-parallel architecture can execute efficiently. For example, polygon rendering speeds up by a factor of 1.8 with the use of conditional streams.
Experiments on the UM 1-MA linear transformer driver facility

Experiments are underway at UM on the first 1-MA LTD to be operated in the USA following its development at the Institute of High Current Electronics in Tomsk, Russia. This LTD employs 80 capacitors and 40 spark-gap switches arranged in 40 “bricks” that each generate 25 kA when charged to +−100 kV. Initial experiments at UM generated nearly 1-MA into resistive loads with the LTD load region filled with SF6. A vacuum transmission line has been fabricated and is being tested with low-inductance resistive loads. Two plasma physics experiments have been designed and are under construction and testing: 1) Posthole convolute experiments will characterize the effects of plasma closure on the performance of vacuum convolute current adders. 2) Magneto Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiments will utilize thin, planar metal foil loads to study instability generation, seeding and mitigation.
Power generation with pressure retarded osmosis: An experimental and theoretical investigation

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) was investigated as a viable source of renewable energy. In PRO, water from a low salinity feed solution permeates through a membrane into a pressurized, high salinity draw solution; power is obtained by depressurizing the permeate through a hydroturbine. A PRO model was developed to predict water flux and power density under specific experimental conditions. The model relies on experimental determination of the membrane water permeability coefficient (A), the membrane salt permeability coefficient (B), and the solute resistivity (K). A and B were determined under reverse osmosis conditions, while K was determined under forward osmosis (FO) conditions. The model was tested using experimental results from a bench-scale PRO system. Previous investigations of PRO were unable to verify model predictions due to the lack of suitable membranes and membrane modules. In this investigation, the use of a custom-made laboratory-scale membrane module enabled the collection of experimental PRO data. Results obtained with a flat-sheet cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane and NaCl feed and draw solutions closely matched model predictions. Maximum power densities of 2.7 and 5.1 W/m2 were observed for 35 and 60 g/L NaCl draw solutions, respectively, at 970 kPa of hydraulic
Ultralow-threshold Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:Al(2)O(3) laser.

An ultralow-threshold Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:Al2O3 laser achieved by use of an extended cavity design is demonstrated. Mode-locking thresholds as low as 156 mW are achieved. Pulses with durations as short as 14 fs and bandwidths of >100 nm with output powers of ∼15 mW at 50-MHz repetition rates are generated by only 200 mW of pump power. Reducing the pump power requirements to a factor of 10× less than required by most conventional Kerr-lens mode-locked lasers permits inexpensive, low-power pump lasers to be used. This will facilitate the development of low-cost, high-performance femtosecond Ti:Al2O3 laser technology.
An empirically-grounded simulation of bank depositors

There is a wide range of opinion regarding historical and theoretical causes of bank panics and financial crises. Current theory, and theory-based models, find little support in the historical record. This paper examines previous empirical findings based in detailed banking records and offers several new results based on detailed bank data from 1893 Helena, Montana. These findings suggest modeling bank panics as psycho-social events. The Bank Depositor Model (BDM) builds upon a model previously designed to examine emotions within a group (Bosse et al., 2009). BDM represents bank depositor behavior as resulting from a combination of heterogeneous agent (depositor) attributes, views expressed by those in an agents social network and exogenous events that may alter an agents receptiveness to positive or negative views. Initial results conform with the described empirical facts.
New Roles for Introns: Sites of Combinatorial Regulation of Ca2+- and Cyclic AMP-Dependent Gene Transcription

Because some proteins can facilitate cell division or the expression of many genes simultaneously, it comes as no surprise that the expression of very important gene products is a tightly controlled process. Although gene expression is often thought of in terms of complexes of transcription factors binding to promoter elements, some studies indicate that intronic DNA sequences may also regulate gene expression. Finkbeiner examines recent work by Schlegel and colleagues demonstrating that sequences within the first intron of the c-fos gene help to regulate Fos expression under different conditions.
Outlaw motorcycle gangs: aspects of the one-percenter culture for emergency department personnel to consider

Outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMGs) are an iconic element of the criminal landscape in the United States, the country of their origin. Members of OMGs may present to the emergency department (ED) as a result of motor vehicle accidents or interpersonal violence. When one member of an OMG is injured, other members and associates are likely to arrive in the ED to support the injured member. The extant literature for ED personnel lacks an overview of the culture of OMGs, a culture that promotes the display of unique symbols and that holds certain paraphernalia as integral to an outlaw biker's identity and pride. The objective of this manuscript is to discuss various aspects of the culture of OMGs so that ED personnel may better understand the mentality of the outlaw biker. Knowledge of their symbols, values, and hierarchy can be crucial to maintaining order in the ED when an injured outlaw biker presents to the ED. We used standard search engines to obtain reports from law enforcement agencies and studies in academic journals on OMGs. We present the observations of 1 author who has conducted ethnographic research on outlaw bikers since the 1980s.
Using Fecal Glucocorticoids to Assess Stress Levels in Captive River Otters

Reintroduction projects often expose animals to a series of acute stressors that may cause chronic stress and lead to the stress response. The stress response results in the release of glucocorticoids that, when excessive, can cause detrimental effects to the animal. Glucocorticoids can be extracted from feces and quantified as an effective method for assessing stress levels. We collected scats from 10 river otters (Lontra canadensis; 3 from MD and 7 from NY, USA) held captive for the Pennsylvania River Otter Reintroduction Project (PRORP). We used these scats to verify the use of the Correlate-EIATM Corticosterone Enzyme Immunoassay Kit (Assay Designs, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI) to evaluate stress levels in otters. We also determined trends in stress levels during the initial 10–12 days otters were in PRORP captivity, and compared glucocorticoid levels for 5 of the New York otters the morning before, the morning of, and the morning after veterinary examinations to determine if associated procedures (e.g., physical and chemical restraint) caused increased stress levels. Glucocorticoid concentrations declined from time 1 to time 2 for the 3 otters from Maryland (an average decline of about 6-fold) and for 5 of 7 otters from New York. Among otters evaluated for stress associated with veterinary examinations, average glucocorticoid concentrations were increased the morning of and the morning after veterinary examinations from the day before the veterinary examinations. We demonstrated that fecal glucocorticoids are an effective method for assessing stress levels in otters and that PRORP's captive management program did not contribute to increasing stress during the 10–12-day evaluation period. Fecal glucocorticoid assays could be used to evaluate stress levels of zoo or permanently captive otters, determine the most effective husbandry techniques for housing otters, and evaluate effects of both management practices and environmental conditions in the wild and in captivity.
Evaluating Plan Alternatives for Transportation System Sustainability: Atlanta Metropolitan Region

A growing number of agencies have begun to define ‘‘sustainability’’ for transportation systems and are attempting to incorporate the concept into the regional transportation planning process. Still, very few metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) capture the comprehensive impact of transportation system and land use changes on the economy, environment, and social quality of life, which are commonly considered the essential three dimensions of sustainable transportation systems. This paper demonstrates an application of the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach for evaluating selected transportation and land use plans in the Atlanta region using multiple sustainability parameters. A composite sustainability index is introduced as a decision support tool for transportation policymaking, where the sustainability index considers multidimensional conflicting criteria in the transportation planning process. The proposed framework should help decision-makers with incorporating sustainability considerations into transportation planning as well as identifying the most sustainable (or least unsustainable) plan for predetermined objectives.
Electromagnetic Design of Feedhorn-Coupled Transition-Edge Sensors for Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimetry

Observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) provide a powerful tool for probing the evolution of the early universe. Specifically, precision measurement of the polarization of the CMB enables a direct test for cosmic inflation. A key technological element on the path to the measurement of this faint signal is the capability to produce large format arrays of background-limited detectors. We describe the electromagnetic design of feedhorn-coupled, TES-based sensors. Each linear orthogonal polarization from the feed horn is coupled to a superconducting microstrip line via a symmetric planar orthomode transducer (OMT). The symmetric OMT design allows for highly-symmetric beams with low cross-polarization over a wide bandwidth. In addition, this architecture enables a single microstrip filter to define the passband for each polarization. Care has been taken in the design to eliminate stray coupling paths to the absorbers. These detectors will be fielded in the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS).
The Effect of Finite Memory on Throughput of Wireline Packet Networks

In this paper, we study the effects of finite memory on the (unicast) throughput of wired erasure networks. We identify the problem of calculation of the throughput of line networks to be equivalent to determining the stationary distribution of an irreducible Markov Chain. We note that the number of states in the Markov chain grows exponentially in the size of the buffer with the exponent scaling linear with the number of hops in the line network. We then present bounds on the achievable throughput of such networks that can be easily computed. Finally, present the results of our simulations and bounds and discuss extension to general wired networks.
Influence of Temperature on Developmental Rate, Wing Length, and Larval Head Capsule Size of Pestiferous Midge Chironomus crassicaudatus (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Larvae of Chironomus crassicaudatus Malloch were reared individually at nine constant temperatures from 12.5 to 32.5°C (2.5°C increments) for 120 d. Duration of immature stages (egg, four instars, and pupa), head capsule width of fourth instars, and wing length were recorded. Some adults emerged at all temperatures, except at 12.5°C where individuals developed to fourth instars during the experiment. Sharpe and DeMichele’s four-parameter model with high-temperature inhibition described the temperature-dependent developmental rates. The slowest development was observed at 15°C, with developmental rate peaking between 25 and 27.5°C. Developmental rate increased rapidly with increasing temperature up to 20°C, slowed between 20 and 27.5°C, and decreased at temperatures >27.5°C. No developmental inhibition at high temperatures was observed in eggs. The most apparent high-temperature inhibition of development was recorded in fourth instars, which comprised the largest proportion of developmental time. Males developed faster than females, but females had wider larval head capsules and longer wings than males. Adult size was negatively related with temperature in both sexes, but this relationship was steeper in males than in females. Larval size peaked at 20°C, whereas the head capsule width was reduced at temperatures higher and lower than 20°C.
Photophysical Aspects of Blue Light Receptors: The Old Question (Flavins Versus Carotenoids) Re-Examined

About 10 years ago, the question as to the possible identity of the chromophore(s) of blue light receptors was first examined [18, 19] in terms of the photophysical and photochemical reactivities of flavins and carotenoids. The main conclusions were that flavins were intrinsically more likely than carotenoids to be the blue light photoreceptor. At the first meeting of the Blue Light Syndrome [16], it was argued that falvins could act as the primary photoreceptor for a number of responses of organisms to blue light and that the short fluorescence lifetime of flavins bound to the corn coleoptile plasmalemma could serve as a photophysical assay for the photoreceptor flavins. On the other hand, the photobiological functions of carotenoids primarily involve the absorption of blue light as the light-harvesting antenna. The antenna function of carotenoids is facilitated by the binding of carotenoids to proteins and/or membranes and by exciton interactions between and/or among the bound carotenoid molecules.
Generalization of a Heterogenous Multiscale Framework Coupling Discrete Microscale and Continuous Macroscale Physics in a Porous Medium

Analysis of physical processes in porous media is generally desired at the macroscopic level, though the processes themselves are fundamentally governed by microscopic constitutive relations. Direct numerical simulation of the macroscopic equations is prohibitively expensive in a computational sense for microscopic resolutions. The Heterogeneous Multiscale Framework offers an alternative formulation to incorporate the physics at multiple scales in an efficient manner. We expand upon a recent multiscale formulation of fluid flow in porous media to a more generalized multiscale scheme coupling continuous conservation laws at the macroscale and discrete constitutive relations at the microscale. We observe that the coupling assumption for fluid flow problems is sufficiently generalizable to steady state problems in heat diffusion and solid mechanics.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Glucose turnover in presence of changing glucose concentrations: error analysis for glucose disappearance

The present studies were undertaken to determine whether 1) the cold- and hot-GINF techniques used with Steele's model provide equivalent estimates of the rates of glucose appearance (R(a)) and disappearance (R(d)) in the presence of physiological changes in glucose and insulin concentrations, 2) the conditions for the best estimation of R(a) are the same as those for R(d), 3) the magnitude of error (if present) differs in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, and 4) situations exist in which the knowledge of R(d) allows inferences to be made on whole body glucose uptake. To do so we performed experiments in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic subjects using simultaneous infusions of [6-3H]glucose and [6-14C]glucose; glucose and insulin were infused to mimic normal postprandial glucose and insulin profiles; the infused glucose contained [6-14C]glucose but not [6-3H]glucose. Compared with the hot-GINF method, the traditional cold-GINF method underestimated (P < 0.05) R(a) and R(d) by 10-15% and hepatic glucose release by 25-50% during the 1st h of the study, with the magnitude of error being the same in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Error analysis demonstrated that errors in R(a) and R(d) have different analytic expressions containing common structural but different volume errors. Both R(a) and R(d) can be accurately measured in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects if glucose specific activity is kept constant and the volume of the accessible pool is used to calculate glucose disappearance. The relationship between R(d) and whole body glucose uptake was also derived. Although R(d) can be determined by relying on measurements in the accessible pool only, the assessment of whole body glucose uptake requires a model of the nonaccessible portion of the glucose system. However, knowledge of R(d) can provide useful insights into the behavior of whole body glucose uptake.
Transconjunctival Lower Blepharoplasty with Intra-SOOF Fat Repositioning

The increased recognition of anatomic factors associated with the tear trough deformity in the lower eyelids as well as an increased sensitivity of patients and surgeons to the secondary deformities associated with purely subtractive blepharoplasty surgery have led to a variety of conservative lower blepharoplasty techniques focused on the translocation or repositioning of fat to camouflage the anatomic tear trough.1, 2, 3
Two sisters folie à deux: a case of attempted suicide.

A case of Folie a Deux in two sisters is presented, in which the distortion of reality did not arise from one sister influencing the other, but from the fact that both already possessed repressed psychotic mental contents which erupted earlier in one and later in the other, and ended in a conjoint determined suicidal attempt.
An application of autosyns to multi-channel physiological recording.

SummaryAn apparatus has been described which employs autosyns for the recording of displacements produced by physiological activity. The apparatus appears to have certain advantages over the kymographs customarily used for such recordings.
Properties of a brain adenosine triphosphatase sensitive to DDT.

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATP phosphohydrolase, E. C. 3.6.1.3) activity which is sensitive to DDT as compared with a noninsecticidal analogue DDE has been found in the synapses of rat brain. Inhibition of the Mg+-, Na+-, and K+-stimuated enzyme component by DDT required a particular combination of the cations which did not favor optimal Na+–K+ ATPase activity. The system exhibited a negative temperature correlation in DDT sensitivity. The I50 of the Na+ and K+ activated component against DDT was 10-6 M, and the system was relatively insensitive to other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. A portion of the enzyme activity could be “solubilized” by ultrasonication and eluted as one peak on Sephadex columns together with bound 14C-DDT.
Relationship between Fleet Characteristics and Welfare of Stakeholders of Commercial Air Transportation: Airlines, Manufacturers, and the Public

Over the past twenty years, the commercial air transportation industry has witnessed many advances in technology as well as changes in fleet characteristics. Most new technologies have worked to reduce the cost of air travel, primarily through reductions in fuel consumption. Other changes like increased range, reduced crew requirements, and lower prices have simultaneously made air travel cheaper and more available. It is therefore of interest to understand how these changes have affected the welfare of the air transportation industry. Using causal modeling, this paper attempts to quantify the effects of these changes on the welfare the three main stakeholders of commercial aviation: aircraft manufacturers, airlines, and the public. We find that changes in the physical characteristics of the utilized fleet have influential causal effects on airline and manufacturer welfare. Additionally, we observe that these physical characteristics are themselves influence by manufacturer welfare, fuel prices, and aircraft value. We consider that the causal modeling methods used in this paper are useful for determining complex relationships between decision makers in the commercial avaiation industry, and that understanding these relationships is important in making decisions about future research and design activities. 1 Graduate student, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, +1 (360) 904-8972, gcwaycaster@ufl.edu. Student Member AIAA. 2 Distinguished Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering department,+1 (352) 392-9595, haftka@ufl.edu. Fellow AIAA. 3 Associate Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering department, +1 (352) 846-0665, nkim@ufl.edu. Associate Fellow AIAA. 4 Senior Lecturer, Newcastle Business School, +44 (191) 227-3465, volodymyr.bilotkach@newcastle.ac.uk 5 Assistant Professor, UPS, INSA, Mines Albi, ISAE; ICA (Institut Clement Ader), +33 (0)5 61 55 60 36, christian.gogu@univ-tlse3.fr. Member AIAA. 6 Professor, UPS, INSA, Mines Albi, ISAE; ICA (Institut Clement Ader), +33 (0)5 61 55 60 36, christian.bes@univtlse3.fr. Member AIAA.
RELATION BETWEEN PILLING TENDENCY AND POLYMERIZATION AND SPINNING CONDITIONS OF ACRYLIC FIBER

Relation between k2, rate constant of pill wearing-off as a measure of pilling tendency, and various factors of polymerization and spinning conditions were studied. Polymer composition and [η] were picked up as factors of polymerization condition and coagulation, draw ratio and relaxation at drying were chosen for factors of spinning condition.As regards polymer composition, decrease of MEA (mol %) and increase of SAS (mol %) made acrylic fiber keep rigid and brittle even after heat treatment at dyeing process due to the restriction of meleculer mobility, which led to good anti-pilling property.In this case the balance with dyeing properties should be considered, although influence of polymer composition to processability at carding was rather small.In connection to spinning conditions, low concentration and high temperature of coagulant resulted in heterogenious fiber construction, low draw ratio brought on low tensile strength, and drying under strained condition made fiber brittle. All these conditions contributed to good anti-pilling property to acrylic fiber. However good anti-pilling property by changing spinning condition was in compatible with processability at carding, so the balance of both properties should be considered at the same time.Contradictory of anti-pilling property and processability at carding had been consistently believed. But it was found from this study that the contradictory could be partially avoided by considering the change of polymer composition.
The role of routine cervical length screening in selected high- and low-risk women for preterm birth prevention.

Preterm birth remains a major cause of neonatal death and short and long-term disability in the US and across the world. The majority of preterm births are spontaneous and cervical length screening is one tool that can be utilized to identify women at increased risk who may be candidates for preventive interventions. The purpose of this document is to review the indications and rationale for cervical length screening to prevent preterm birth in various clinical scenarios. The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine recommends (1) routine transvaginal cervical length screening for women with singleton pregnancy and history of prior spontaneous preterm birth (GRADE 1A); (2) routine transvaginal cervical length screening not be performed for women with cervical cerclage, multiple gestation, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or placenta previa (GRADE 2B); (3) practitioners who decide to implement universal cervical length screening follow strict guidelines (GRADE 2B); (4) sonographers and/or practitioners receive specific training in the acquisition and interpretation of cervical imaging during pregnancy (GRADE 2B).
Minority Accounting Students’ Socialization in AACSB-Accredited Minority Colleges of Business

Nearly one-quarter of a century has elapsed since Williams et al. (1988, p. 62) pleaded for additional research concerning minorities and the accounting profession. Subsequently, a number of academic and practitioner research studies have been undertaken in an effort to recruit and retain minorities in the profession. One area that has not been addressed is the effectiveness of the socialization process on minority undergraduate accounting students. This research has tremendous implications, in that accounting programs which effectively socialize minority undergraduate accounting students to the norms of the profession may contribute to higher minority accountant new-hire retention rates, especially in public accounting.The current research investigates whether the accounting curriculum in AACSB-accredited minority colleges of business effectively socialize senior minority undergraduate accounting students towards their responsibilities to the accounting profession. Clikeman and Henning’s (2000) survey methodology is adapted to conduct this research. The sampling frame consists of accounting majors and non-accounting business majors enrolled at a minority southeastern university in the United States. The results indicate that no statistically significant difference exists between senior and sophomore accounting students’ perceptions of their responsibilities to financial statements with respect to misstatements, disclosures, cost-benefits, and CPA responsibility. These results persist for students with high grade point averages. Likewise, no significant difference exists between senior accounting and non-accounting business majors’ perceptions of accountants’ responsibility to financial statement users.Future research may investigate the degree to which faculty experience (i.e. Big “N” experience, industry experience, faculty research interests, etc.) influences the socialization process of senior minority undergraduate accounting majors.
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in bone cell regulation.

Recent studies emphasize that 1) IGFs are important local regulators of bone formation and 2) IGFBPs are important regulators of the biological actions of IGFs in bone. The importance of IGFs is shown by the finding that 40-50% of basal bone cell proliferation could be blocked by inhibiting the actions of IGFs produced endogenously by bone cells in serum free culture. In addition, IGFs are the most abundant growth factors stored in bone and are produced by bone cells. Recent studies suggest that IGFs are fixed in bone by means of IGFBP-5 which binds with high affinity to both hydroxyapatite and IGFs. Upon release from this storage depot, IGFs and IGFBP-5 are thought to act in the coupling of bone formation to bone resorption in a delayed paracrine manner (i.e. previously fixed IGF+IGFBP-5 complex is released in a bioactive form during bone resorption to stimulate new bone formation). In addition to IGFBP-5, human bone cells in culture have also been shown to produce other IGFBPs, some of which modulate IGF actions in either positive or negative manner. In addition, recent studies also demonstrate that local and systemic effectors of bone formation may regulate the actions of acutely synthesized IGFs (autocrine/paracrine actions) in bone cell microenvironment in a tissue specific manner by modulating the type and amount of IGFBPs produced by bone cells at a local site of bone.
The evolutionary path of least resistance

Paleontologists typically reconstruct past behavior by assuming that function follows form. But there can be more than one function for a given form, and different forms can serve the same function. Deconstructing these relationships can be complicated. Here, we use an example from human evolution—markedly different tooth morphologies in early hominins—to show that insights about the underlying genetic architecture of form can help us to better infer function and deepen our understanding of evolution.
Weird Animals (or, Why Did the Chicken Cross the Road?)

Americans do weird things with animals. Others do as well, but as in most other mass-market cultural enterprises, Americans lead the way with our commercially powerful resource-intensive anthrozoological perversities. These perversities proliferate amid America’s imperialistic orientation of entitlement toward our ecosystem (“It is all ours, we bought Alaska, so drill away”), an orientation that sanctions animal fetishism, speciesism, and short-sighted greed for material goods and experiential novelty that we reap at the expense of nonhuman animals.
A Systems-Based Approach to Safeguard the Strawberry Industry from Virus Diseases

Strawberry is susceptible to several systemic pathogens and, in particular, viruses. There are several examples of disease epidemics that resulted from virus-infected propagation material and led t...
A Mathematical Theory of Evidence turns 40

The book that launched the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions appeared 40 years ago. This intellectual autobiography looks back on how I came to write the book and how its ideas played out in my later work.
Actin filament-microtubule interactions in axon initiation and branching

Neurons begin life as spherical cells. A major hallmark of neuronal development is the formation of elongating processes from the cell body which subsequently differentiate into dendrites and the axon. The formation and later development of neuronal processes is achieved through the concerted organization of actin filaments and microtubules. Here, we review the literature regarding recent advances in the understanding of cytoskeletal interactions in neurons focusing on the initiation of processes from neuronal cell bodies and the collateral branching of axons. The complex crosstalk between cytoskeletal elements is mediated by a cohort of proteins that either bind both cytoskeletal systems or allow one to regulate the other. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of microtubule plus-tip proteins in the regulation of the dynamics and organization of actin filaments, while also providing a mechanism for the subcellular capture and guidance of microtubule tips by actin filaments. Although the understanding of cytoskeletal crosstalk and interactions in neuronal morphogenesis has advanced significantly in recent years the appreciation of the neuron as an integrated cytoskeletal system remains a frontier.
Patient knowledge of hysterectomy and pap screening after minimally invasive hysterectomy

Abstract Objective To determine whether women know their own cervical cancer screening recommendations after hysterectomy, and to evaluate patients’ understanding of hysterectomy terminology and cervical cancer screening. Methods A 19-item questionnaire was developed and administered to 413 women who had undergone minimally invasive hysterectomy with benign pathology between January 2008 and January 2012. Results A total of 190 women (46%) participated in the survey. The majority of respondents were Caucasian (61%) and had a college education (66%). Fifty-nine percent of respondents knew that a Pap test screens for cervical cancer, and 40% knew that HPV is related to cervical cancer. Eight-four percent understood that Pap screening is recommended if a woman still has a cervix after hysterectomy. Only 67% correctly identified if their cervix had been removed during their own surgery and if they needed future cervical cancer screening per current guidelines. Caucasian race and higher income were significant predictors of hysterectomy and screening knowledge. Conclusion Knowledge regarding Pap tests, HPV, and implications of a supracervical hysterectomy is lacking, even among a post-hysterectomy population. Practical implications Patient educational information is needed to improve perioperative counseling regarding the type of hysterectomy performed and indications for future cervical cancer screening.
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Water-soluble Gold Nanoclusters

Batches of water-soluble gold nanoclusters of nominal 2.0 or 3.5-nm diameter were prepared to evaluate particle size determinations by a number of techniques such as transmission electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy and to validate estimates derived by mass spectrometric analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). Good agreement was found and MALDI lends itself to analyses even in the presence of aggregates.
Steroid-Induced Inhibition of Growth in Glial Tumors: a Kinetic Analysis

The ability of corticosteroids to alleviate symptoms, prolong life, and inhibit growth of tumors under both clinical and experimental conditions is well known [5, 13, 20, 29, 30]. Conversely, a complete lack of response and even enhancement of tumor growth have also been observed [18, 19, 36]. Corticosteroids have assumed a major role in the treatment of brain tumors based upon their effect in reducing related cerebral edema. The possible oncolytic properties of these drugs have received less emphasis, and most clinical reports dealing with prolonged corticosteroid therapy for intracranial tumors concern secondary, rather than primary tumors. The relief afforded is thought to be due to reduction of cerebral edema rather than a direct inhibitory effect upon the tumor. However, in cases of meningeal leukemia, clinical “cures” have been reported following the systemic administration of corticosteroids [31, 33].
Decreased Anticipatory Postural Adjustments During Gait Initiation Acutely Postconcussion

Abstract Objective To investigate anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) during the transitional movement task of gait initiation (GI) in individuals acutely after a concussion. Design Cohort study. Setting University research center. Participants A population-based sample of participants (N=84) divided into 2 equal groups of acutely postconcussion and healthy student athletes. Intervention Participants were tested on 2 occasions: a preinjury baseline test and then the concussion group was retested acutely postconcussion and the healthy student athlete group again at a similar time. All participants completed 5 trials of GI on 4 forceplates. Main Outcome Measures The dependent variables were the displacement and velocity of the center of pressure (COP) during the APA phase and initial step kinematics. Comparisons were made with a 2 (group) × 2 (time) repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results There was a significant interaction for COP posterior displacement ( P P P P =.921). Laterally, post hoc testing identified a significant reduction in the concussion group (pretest: 5.8±2.1cm; posttest: 3.8±1.8cm; P P =.485). Conclusions The results of this study suggest difficulty in the planning and execution of GI acutely postconcussion, and posterior APA displacement and velocity are highly effective measures of impaired postural control. Finally, the APA phase is linked to the supplementary motor area, which suggests a supraspinal contribution to postconcussion impaired postural control.
The use of laryngeal mask airway for adenoidectomy

Objectives Airway management during adenoidectomy is traditionally performed through endotracheal intubation (ETT). Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) may be less stimulating to the airway and allow for shorter overall operating room time. Previous studies report LMA use during adenotonsillectomy. There has been no prior evaluation of LMA use during adenoidectomy alone. In this study, we attempt to identify the rate and contributing factors of LMA failure during adenoidectomy. Methods All pediatric patients undergoing adenoidectomy between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed to determine the need for conversion to ETT and the occurrence of any complications. Results Our study revealed 139 pediatric patients who underwent adenoidectomy during the study period. 110 patients had adenoidectomy performed with LMA and 27 patients had ETT. Two patients (1.8%) required conversion to ETT because of difficulty with ventilation when the mouth gag was in place. There were no complications. Mean operating room time was 20 min less in the LMA group (P Conclusions The use of an LMA in adenoidectomy may be a safe and effective alternative to ETT. More study is required to determine overall complication rates.
Frequency-agile and spectrally sensitive radar transmitter amplifier optimizations

The design and implementation of a first generation evanescent-mode cavity impedance tuner for reconfigurable radar transmitters is presented. The impedance tuner is capable of handling 90 W of radio-frequency (RF) power. The tuner can be used as a reconfigurable load matching network for an amplifier device to maximize the power-added efficiency (PAE) while meeting adjacent-channel power ratio (ACPR) or spectral mask constraints. Algorithms expected to be useful in fast tuning of this device are described, including a modified gradient approach for the optimization of the PAE while meeting constraints on the ACPR. Instead of tuning based on the reflection coefficient, which requires pre-characterization of the tuner, the resonant cavity position numbers of the tuner can be directly adjusted. Initial results are shown using an interval-halving search for optimization of PAE that directly tunes the cavity position numbers to optimize the tuner. This search is more resilient to drift and other repeatability issues that influence characterization. The fast optimization of this tuner is designed to give radar transmitter power amplifiers frequency agility in congested spectral environments.
Calculating the Feed Oxygen Demand (FOD) of Aquafeeds

The biological oxygen demand of aquafeeds will be called the feed oxygen demand (FOD). It is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed to oxidize organic carbon and ammoniacal nitrogen applied to culture systems in feeds and not recovered in biomass of the culture species at harvest. The following equation can be used to estimate FOD: FOD =[C f - (FCE C a )] 2.67 + [N f -(FCE N a )] 4.57 where, C f , N f , C a , N a = decimal fractions(% ÷ 100) of carbon and nitrogen in feed and culture animals, respectively; FCE = feed conversion efficiency (1 ÷ FCR). The FOD value will vary with species, feed quality, feeding practices, and feed conversion efficiency, but calculations suggest that FOD usually will be 1.2 to 1.3 kg O 2 /kg feed. The biological oxygen demand or BOD is widely recognized as an important water quality variable. It is used mainly as an index of the pollution strength of municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste waters (Eaton et al. 2005). The BOD of an effluent is a measure of the amount of oxygen needed by microorganisms in oxidizing organic carbon to carbon dioxide and ammoniacal nitrogen to nitrate (Sawyer and McCarty 1967). Oxygen required to oxidize organic carbon is referred to as the carbonaceous biological oxygen demand (CBOD), and oxygen needed to oxidize ammoniacal nitrogen is called the nitrogenous oxygen demand (NOD). The two fractions usually are combined and reported as the BOD. The 5-day BOD (BOD 5 ) is most commonly determined, and for typical wastewater and aquaculture pond water, the BOD 5 concentration is about two-thirds of the quantity of oxygen needed over a longer period of time to completely oxidize the organic carbon and ammoniacal nitrogen (Boyd and Gross 1999). The amount of oxygen needed to satisfy the BOD of an effluent completely is known as the ultimate BOD(BOD u) . For example, suppose that the BOD u concentration in an effluent averages 200 mg/L (200 g/m 3 ) and 250 m 3 of this effluent are discharged into a lake each day. The effluent will impose an oxygen demand of 50 kg/day (200 g BOD/m 3 x 250 m 3 /day) on the lake. Dissolved oxygen concentration is likely the single most important water quality variable in aquaculture (Boyd and Tucker 1998). An adequate concentration of dissolved oxygen is needed to avoid stress and to assure good growth of the culture species. Moreover, sufficient dissolved oxygen is needed in aquaculture systems to oxidize wastes and prevent them from accumulating to levels harmful to fish, shrimp, and other culture species. The primary wastes in aquaculture systems are organic carbon and ammoniacal nitrogen resulting from the fraction of aquafeeds not converted to biomass of the culture species and harvested. The purpose of this report is to present a method for calculating the oxygen demand of aquafeeds.
Jacobi's Method

This chapter examines the procedure and applications of Jacobi's method. It is applicable to first-order partial differential equations with three or more dependent variables. In the special case that the dependent variable appears explicitly in the equation, then it also applies to equations with two dependent variables. It yields an explicit solution if a certain step can be carried out. Given a partial differential equation for z ( x ) = z { x 1 , x 2 ,…,x n ) , if the set of n first derivatives { pi = ∂z/∂x i ∣ i = 1 , 2 ,…, n } are explicitly known, then z ( x ) may be found by integrating the Pfaffian differential equation, dz = p 1 dx 1 + · · · + p n dx n . Jacobi's method determines th e { p i } from a given partial differential equation.