cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lipid Composition of Rat Liver Plasma Membranes

Rat liver plasma membranes were isolated by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. The purity of membrane preparations was checked by electron microscopy and enzyme assays. A new glycolipid, tentatively called the S-lipid, is proposed as a marker to indicate the purity of plasma membranes. It is present in most subcellular particulates (mitochondria, microsomes, lysosomes, etc.) but is absent from plasma membranes. The plasma membrane lipids represent 39.8% of the total dry weight of the membranes. Plasma membrane total lipid contains 39% "neutral" lipids of which free cholesterol (18.1%) and free fatty acids (7.9%) are the major components. These are present in somewhat lower amounts (4.0 and 1.3%, respectively) in lipid extracts from whole liver homogenate. The phospholipids constitute 55.4% of membrane total lipids. The phospholipid fraction is composed mainly of phosphatidylcholine (19.3% of the total lipids), phosphatidylethanolamine (10.3%), and sphingomyelin (9.8%). The minor constituents are phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and lysophosphatidylcholine. The phospholipids of the plasma membranes, compared with those of the entire liver, have considerably higher amounts of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine (both about 3-fold). In the membranes, about 5.6% of the total lipids are glycolipids and lipids that are unaccounted for. Compared with the liver, the membranes, according to gas-liquid chromatographic analyses of the total lipid fatty acids and hydrocarbons, show a tendency to accumulate the longer chain fatty acids and hydrocarbons. The membranes also contain relatively higher amounts of saturated fatty acids and much less branched chain hydrocarbons.
Comparison of a GPS-defined global reference frame with ITRF2000

The Global Positioning System is a constellation of 24–28 satellites, which can be used to define a global terrestrial reference frame. Daily offsets between a GPS defined frame and ITRF2000 have been estimated using more than a decade of GPS observations from 1990–2001. A linear fit to the full span of data shows agreement between the two frames at the level of –1 ppb and –0.1 ppb/year for scale, 5 mm and 0 mm/year for the X component of center of mass, –2 mm and –3 mm/year for the Y component, and 4 mm and 6 mm/year for the Z component. GPS is a viable tool for defining the global reference frame either alone, or in combination with other geodetic techniques.
A programmable, multi-GHz, wide-range duty cycle correction circuit in 45nm CMOS process

A 2GHz wide input dynamic range (25%–75%) duty cycle corrector (DCC) circuit with ±2% output duty cycle accuracy is presented. This DCC circuit supports input frequency ranging from 1GHz to 2GHz. The proposed circuit is implemented in 45nm low voltage (0.9V to 1.4V) digital CMOS process. Presented DCC consumes only 1.4mW and occupies 0.01 mm2 area. Built-in-self test method is used to test this circuit in production and shows 99.98% pass percentage in silicon.
Theory of Anisotropic Thin-Walled Beams

Asymptotically correct, linear theory is presented for thin-walled prismatic beams made of generally anisotropic materials. Consistent use of small parameters that are intrinsic to the problem permits a natural description of all thin-walled beams within a common framework, regardless of whether cross-sectional geometry is open, closed, or strip-like, Four classical one-dimensional variables associated with extension, twist, and bend-ing in two orthogonal directions are employed. Analytical formulas are obtained for the resulting 4 × 4 cross-sectional stiffness matrix (which, in general, is fully populated and includes all elastic couplings) as well as for the strain field. Prior to this work no analytical theories for beams with closed cross sections were able to consistently include shell bending strain measures. Corrections stemming from those measures are shown to be important for certain cases. Contrary to widespread belief, it is demonstrated that for such classical theories, a cross section is not rigid in its own plane. Vlasov's correction is shown to be unimportant for closed sections, while for open cross sections asymptotically correct formulas for this effect are provided. The latter result is an extension to a general contour of a result for 1-beams previously published by the authors.
We Now Know Who We Are—but Where Are We Headed?

(1999). We Now Know Who We Are—but Where Are We Headed? Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 145-151.
Measurement of the polarization transfer parameter DNN for 12,13C(p

We report precision measurements of the polarization transfer parameter ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{NN}}$ for 500 MeV polarized proton elastic scattering from $^{12,13}\mathrm{C}$ at the first diffractive minima in the differential cross sections. The ratio ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{NN}}$${(}^{13}$C)/${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{NN}}$${(}^{12}$C) (1.000\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.028) is consistent with zero spin-flip probability (S) for $^{13}\mathrm{C}$, where S (1-${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{NN}}$). Comparisons are made with results of theoretical calculations reported in the literature. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Increased urinary and plasma etiocholanolone and related steroids in a boy with virilizing adrenal hyperplasia and periodic fever.

The present study describes a 16 and 8/12-year-old boy with virilizing adrenal hyperplasia and periodic fever. Urinary steroid studies suggested a severe deficiency of adrenal C-21 hydroxylation. Pregnanetroil and 17-OH-pregnanolone were increased one hundredfold in the urine. An unusually large amount of urinary etiocholanolone was found. Measurement of plasma conjugated androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and etiocholanolone revealed the presence of all three with etiocholanolone present in highest concentration. Normal individuals have little conjugated etiocholanolone in their plasma. Before ACTH therapy none of these steroids was present in the free form, but after ACTH large amounts of all three in unconjugated form were found, with free etiocholanolone in highest concentration. The possibility is raised that the boy's periodic fever is causally related to a defect in etiocholanolone metabolism.
A biologically inspired sensory driven method for tracking wind-borne odors

The ability of a vehicle to track a wind-borne odor to its source has numerous applications such as search and rescue missions and security operations. The Sensory Coupled Action Switching Modules (SCASM) control concept, based initially on known neural pathways in stick insects, provides a way to control a system using only sensory feedback. To date, SCASM has only been implemented in legged locomotion systems. However, results from implementing SCASM on legs of differing morphology suggest that it can be applied to control paradigms beyond legged locomotion. Here, we apply SCASM to the problem of odor tracking. We first develop a degenerate-case SCASM controller for tracking a 2D continuous odor plume to its source. In simulation, we then test this controller in a variety of probabilistic plume conditions. Basic performance metrics are developed to determine how well the controller can "Succeed" at finding the source, and "Linger" near the source. Results indicate that high success rates (≥ ~80%) coupled with high lingering ratios (≥ ~15) lead to good source localization. Overall, the study begins to demonstrate the feasibility of applying SCASM to control paradigms beyond legged locomotion.
Influence of chromium doping on the electrochemical performance of the 5 V spinel cathode LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4

Abstract With an aim to improve the 5 V capacity and cyclability of the LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel oxide, three series of Cr substitutions have been pursued with y ≤ 0.2: LiMn1.5Ni0.5−yCryO4, LiMn1.5−0.5yNi0.5−0.5yCryO4, and LiMn1.5−0.33yLi0.33yNi0.5−yCryO4. While the first series involves an increase in the Mn3+ content, the second and third series are designed to maintain charge neutrality (Mn4+, Ni2+, Cr3+, and Li+) without introducing Mn3+ ions. The LiMn1.5Ni0.5−yCryO4 series experiences a widening of the 4 V plateau and a decrease in the 5 V capacity compared to LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 due to an increase in the Mn3+ content. On the other hand, the LiMn1.5−0.5yNi0.5−0.5yCryO4 series shows a suppression of the 4 V plateau and an increase in the 5 V capacity due to the elimination of the Mn3+ions. The LiMn1.5−0.33yLi0.33yNi0.5−yCryO4 series shows a suppression of the 4 V plateau at low Cr contents, but an increase in the 4 V plateau as the Cr content increases above 0.1. Among the various compositions investigated, LiMn1.45Ni0.45Cr0.1O4 exhibits the best combination of high 5 V capacity (128 mAh/g at 5–4.2 V) and excellent capacity retention (98% in 50 cycles) compared to 118 mAh/g and 92% for LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4.
Outcomes and resource utilization in a managed care setting for lower extremity vein bypass grafts

Background This 17-year review was under-taken to examine clinical outcomes and the changing trends in resource utilization for lower extremity bypass grafts performed in a managed care setting. Patients and methods Between 1979 and 1995, 338 bypasses in 276 patients (199 men, 77 women; 62% diabetics) were carried out for limb salvage. Autogenous vein bypasses (AVB) were performed in 324 (96%) of the cases, which included 150 (43%) femoropopliteal (FP) and 174 (57%) femoro-tibial (FT) bypasses. There were 32 secondary AVB reconstructions included in the study group. Results The 30-day mortality rate was 2.2% and patient survival was 46% and 21% at 5 and 10 years. At 1 and 5 years, primary patency rates for the AVB were 87% and 79% for FP; 80% and 67% for FT AVB, whereas the limb salvage rates at those intervals were 96% and 94% for FP; 87% and 77% for FT, respectively. Despite an average annual inflation rate of 8%, significant reductions in hospital charges were noted during the study period. These were made possible by decreasing lengths of hospital stay, the development and application of guidelines and protocols for the management of leg ischemia, and the implementation of angioscopy for improving the surgical technique for in situ AVB. Conclusions High-quality outcomes for lower extremity AVB are possible in a managed care setting with demonstrated improvements in the efficiency of resource utilization.
Temperature aware statistical static timing analysis

With technology scaling, the variability of device parameters continues to increase. This impacts both the performance and the temperature profile of the die turning them into a statistical distribution. To the best of our knowledge, no one has considered the impact of the statistical thermal profile during statistical analysis of the propagation delay. We present a statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) tool which considers this interdependence and produces accurate timing estimation. Our average errors for mean and standard deviation are 0.95% and 3.5% respectively when compared against Monte Carlo simulation. This is a significant improvement over SSTA that assumes a deterministic power profile, whose mean and SD errors are 3.7% and 20.9% respectively. However, when considering >90% performance yield, our algorithm's accuracy improvement was not as significant when compared to the deterministic power case. Thus, if one is concerned with the runtime, a reasonable estimate of the performance yield can be obtained by assuming nominal power. Nevertheless, a full statistical analysis is necessary to achieve maximum accuracy.
Stanley Hauerwas' Theological Ethics in Eschatological Perspective

The three most common criticisms of Stanley Hauerwas' work are that he is a sectarian, that he is a fideist, and that he lacks a doctrine of creation. My intention in this essay is to show that how greater attention to the eschatological implications of his theological ethics would enable Hauerwas successfully to respond to his critics.
The effect of annealing and gold deposition on the performance of magnetoelastic biosensors

Magnetoelastic materials have a mass-sensitive, characteristic, resonant frequency that make them an ideal choice for application as the platform for a biosensor. The biosensor is formed by immobilizing a bio-molecular recognition element directly onto the surface of the magnetoelastic material. When exposed to the analyte, this bio-molecular recognition element binds the target species (spore or bacteria of interest), thereby increasing the mass and decreasing the resonance frequency of the sensor. This change in characteristic resonance frequency can be determined by monitoring remotely the magnetic flux in response to an applied, time varying, magnetic field with a pick-up coil. However, the environmental stability and bioactivity of the biosensor platform material are very important to performance of the overall biosensor. This research investigates the effects of annealing and deposition of a gold layer on the environmental stability and detection sensitivity of a magnetoelastic biosensor platform. The results show that deposition of a gold layer by sputtering additionally improved bioreactivity while maintaining a balance of environmental stability and detection sensitivity. Two annealing steps in a vacuum oven, one before and one after gold deposition, can effectively increase the magnetoelastic platform's environmental stability, as well as the Q-factor of the resonance signal.
Cotton embryogenesis: The identification, as nuclei, of the X-bodies in the degenerated synergid.

The “x-bodies” present in the degenerated synergid of cotton were shown to contain DNA by specific staining with Azure B, the Feulgen procedure, and by labelling with 3H-actinomycin D. They are identified on a morphological basis as the degenerated vegetative nucleus of the pollen tube which is always found in the degenerated synergid tip, and as the degenerated synergid nucleus, which is found about halfway up the degenerated synergid near the side towards the central cell. The positions of these nuclei and of some other structures have been used to construct a tentative description of some of the events occurring during pollen-tube discharge and movement of the sperm through the synergid. Some observations which may indicate some of the factors involved in interaction of the synergid and pollen tube cytoplasm are discussed.
Thermogravimetric and Rock-Eval Studies Of Coal Properties and Coal Rank

A wide range of coal ranks from lignite to anthracite has been investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The derivative peak maximum for volatile matter evolution shows a strong correlation (r 2 = 0.998) with vitrinite reflectance, thereby providing a convenient measure of degree of coalification (coal rank) without requiring the equipment of and more time-consuming petrographic analysis. T max by the Rock-Eval method also shows a positive although somewhat poorer correlation (r 2 = 0.856) with vitrinite reflectance. TGA also reproduces the components of the proximate analysis of coal.
Effects of Gender on Cardiac Arrhythmias

Gender Effects on Cardiac Arrhythmias. The purpose of this study is to review published data regarding gender differences in cardiac electrophysiology and in the occurrence of clinical arrhythmias. ECG differences between men and women include a faster resting heart rate in women, a longer corrected QT interval, and a lower QT dispersion than in men. The faster resting heart rate in women appears to be primarily related to differences in physical conditioning. The mechanism for the longer corrected QT interval in women is not completely known, but does not appear to be related to acute effects of estrogen or progesterone or differences in autonomic innervation. Women also appear to have a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation, a difference in the age distribution of supraventricular tachycardia, and a lower incidence of sudden death than men. Much of the lower incidence of sudden death in women may relate to a difference in the prevalence of coronary artery disease, but other factors such as inherent differences in repolarization, which may be reflected by a gender difference in the corrected QT interval, also may be operative. The paradox of a longer corrected QT interval and higher incidence of torsades de pointes, but lower population-based incidence of sudden death in women, has not been completely resolved. Further studies will be required to help better understand the basic mechanisms involved in gender differences in electrophysiology and arrhythmias and determine the extent to which these differences have implications for clinical management of cardiac arrhythmias.
Magnetic properties of stage-2 random-mixture graphite intercalation compounds and their bulk intercalants

Abstract The magnetic properties of stage-2 Co c M 1− c Cl 2 graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) (M = Ni and Mn, 0 ≤ c ≤ 1) and their bulk intercalants, Co c M 1− c Cl 2 , have been studied by using d.c. magnetic susceptibility. In stage-2 Co c M 1− c Cl 2 GIC, the adjacent Co c M 1− c Cl 2 layers are separated by two graphite layers. Due to the graphite host effect, demonstrated by decreasing the antiferromagnetic interplanar exchange interaction and island formation in the intercalate layer, the magnetic phase transition of stage-2 Co c M 1− c Cl 2 GIC is very different from that of Co c M 1− c Cl 2 . Stage-2 Co c Ni 1− c Cl 2 GIC with 0 ≤ c ≤ 1 and stage-2 Co c Mn 1− c Cl 2 GIC with 0.45 ≤ c ≤ 1 undergo a two-dimensional ferromagnetic phase transition at the critical temperature T c , while their bulk intercalants undergo a three-dimensional antiferromagnetic phase transition at the Neel temperature T N . The magnetic properties of stage-2 GICs are compared with those of their respective bulk intercalants in the light of the graphite host effect. The magnetic properties of stage-2 Co c Mn 1− c Cl 2 GIC and Co c Mn 1− c Cl 2 are also compared with those of stage-2 Co c Mg 1− c Cl 2 GIC and Co c Mg 1− c Cl 2 .
ErbB-β-Catenin Complexes Are Associated with Human Infiltrating Ductal Breast and Murine Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-Wnt-1 and MMTV-c-Neu Transgenic Carcinomas

Simultaneous deregulation of both Wnt and ErbB growth factors has previously been shown to result in the cooperative induction of mammary gland tumors. Using the murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Wnt-1 transgenic model of mammary carcinoma, we have identified an unvarying association between beta-catenin and epidermal growth factor receptor/c-Neu (ErbB1/ErbB2) heterodimers in mammary gland tumors, indicating a requirement for ErbB signaling in Wnt-mediated tumorigenesis. Expansion of these observations to a second transgenic model, MMTV-c-Neu, demonstrated similar tumor-specific interactions, including an ErbB1 ligand-inducible phosphorylation of both beta-catenin and c-Neu. Direct relevance of these findings to human breast cancer was established upon examination of a set of human infiltrating ductal breast adenocarcinoma and lymph node metastasis tissues taken at surgery. These data revealed increased levels of beta-catenin in tumors and metastases versus normal breast as well as an association between beta-catenin and c-Neu that measurably occurs only in neoplasia, most strongly in metastatic lesions. These studies have identified a seemingly indispensable interaction between beta-catenin and epidermal growth factor receptor/c-Neu heterodimers in Wnt-1-mediated breast tumorigenesis that may indicate a fundamental signaling event in human metastatic progression.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood.

Summary— Eleven children with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are reported. The left side was affected in all patients. It is suggested that the diagnosis can be made pre-operatively. The condition is characterised by the fact that it is always unilateral and that renal calculi are found in a kidney with gross impairment of function; associated anaemia, leucocytosis and raised ESR are also present. The cause is unclear, but an obstructive element with infection is usually found.
Regulation of type 1 angiotensin II receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in human adrenocortical carcinoma H295 cells.

We have studied the hormonal regulation of type 1 angiotensin-II receptor (AT1-R) mRNA expression and [125I]angiotensin-II ([125I]AII) binding in human adrenocortical carcinoma H295 cells, which exhibit predominantly AT1-subtype receptors. Activation of the cAMP signaling pathway with forskolin or (Bu)2cAMP caused a rapid decrease in AT1-R mRNA levels (decreased 65% within 3 h). This preceded a time-dependent (maximal, 70% within 12 h) and dose-dependent (IC50, 2 microM forskolin) loss of [125I]AII binding together with decreased phosphoinositidase-C activation (72% decrease) on subsequent AII challenge. Thus, the decreases in AT1-R mRNA levels and functional receptor expression parallel each other in response to activation of protein kinase-A. AII treatment also caused a rapid loss in AT1-R mRNA (maximal, 80% decrease within 3 h), but 48-h treatment caused both [125I]AII binding and the subsequent phosphoinositidase-C response to decrease by only 6% (P < 0.05) and 22% (P < 0.05), respectively. The effect...
Novel NdCo 5 nanoflakes and nanoparticles produced by surfactant-assisted high-energy ball milling

High-energy ball milling has been shown to be a promising method for the fabrication of rare earth—transition metal nanopowders. In this work, NdCo5 nanoflakes and nanoparticles have been produced by a two-stage high-energy ball milling (HEBM), by first using wet HEBM to prepare precursor nanocrystalline powders followed by surfactant-assisted HEBM. NdCo5 flakes have a thickness below 150 nm and an aspect ratio as high as 102–103; the nanoparticles have an average size of 7 nm. Both the nanoparticles and nano-flakes exhibited high coercivities at low temperatures, with values at 50 K of 3 and 3.7 kOe, respectively. The high values of coercivity can be attributed to the large surface anisotropy of nanoparticles that leads to an effective uniaxial-type of behavior in contrast to the planar anisotropy of the bulk samples. Angle-dependent magnetization measurements at different temperatures were used to determine the spin reorientation transitions in the nanopowders and nanoparticles. The nanoparticles showed spin reorientation temperatures, T SR1 = 276 and T SR2 = 237 K which are lower when compared with the values of 290 and 245 K, respectively for bulk.
A Comparative Analysis of Women Policing in India

This study, which includes a comparison of American experience, focuses on women policing in India. Using a standardized survey questionnaire, data were collected from women officers on line duty in all district police departments in the State of Tamil Nadu, India, and in municipal and sheriff's departments in New Jersey. A discriminant analysis found important differences between the samples in the officer's preferred roles, with more of the officers from Tamil Nadu preferring a traditional role. Other differences were also found between the samples in terms of deployment experience, career commitment, perceived interests and perceived capability in performing various tasks compared with male officers. These differences appeared to be due to both organizational and cultural factors.
The Role of Context in Risky Choice

Human choice behavior was assessed in a concurrent-chain schedule, where two equal initial links (IL) each led to a distinct terminal-link (TL). One TL was associated with a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement, while the other was associated with a bi-valued mixed ratio schedule of reinforcement, whose arithmetic mean equaled the Fixed TL schedule. The fixed component (FR50; FR25; FR5) was arranged to be equal to the alternative mixed component in each condition (FR1/99; FR1/49; FR1/9), and choice behavior was measured by proportion of responses to each IL. In addition, the IL duration varied across conditions (VI 30s; VI 15s; FI 1s). Preference for the mixed option was observed with longer durations (e.g., when IL=VI 30s and TL=FR1/99). Participants were relatively indifferent in other conditions, though the results suggested a monotonic increase in preference as either durations or programmed efforts increased. It is concluded that both choice and the conditioned reinforcement value of the mixed option is contextually based, so that the value of a stimulus correlated with an immediate reward (i.e., FR 1) is enhanced the greater the temporal context in which the FR1 is embedded.
Abstract 1459: Mining for metastasis genes in osteosarcomas fromp53+/R172Hmice

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent bone cancer in young adults. The 5-year relapse free survival rates in nonmetastatic osteosarcomas are up to 65%, while metastatic osteosarcomas are only 10-20%. Therefore, identifying genes involved in OS metastasis is important to risk-stratify patients and enable development of novel therapeutic targets. In mouse models, loss of one p53 allele causes 34% of mice to develop OS without obvious metastasis; however, mice carrying a p53 missense mutation (R172H) develop metastatic OS. To screen for gene expression differences in metastatic potential between p53+/− and p53R172H/+ osteosarcomas, we used Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 chips and compared three p53+/− and eight p53R172H/+ primary OS tumors. Two hundred thirteen genes were identified that had a p value < 0.05 and an average fold difference of 2. Only 20 of these genes had reported gene functions that affected cell migration, invasion, cell-cell junctions, or tumor phenotypes, or were selected based not only on statistical significance but also because they were consistently up (or down) regulated in all 8 R172H/+ tumors analyzed. Of these 20 genes, eight were validated by q-PCR in a larger group of tumors; S100A8, S100A9, PLA2G16, Plac8, and MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (Mnk2) were elevated while FAT4, FAT3, and Brdw1 showed decreased expression in mutant p53 tumors. To further characterize the functions of these genes in OS metastasis, we chose a metastatic OS cell line (H318) derived from p53R172H/+ tumor that had lost the wild type p53 allele for short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) knock-down experiments followed by screening for migration and invasion. Three of these genes, PLA2G16, Plac8, and Mnk2, showed effects on migration and invasion in vitro. Further studies led us to focus on PLAG2G16. Knock-down of PLA2G16 showed decreased migration, invasion and proliferation. Additionally, we also subcutaneously injected PLAG2G16 knock-down cells into congenic wild type mice. Remarkably these cells showed dramatic decrease in tumor progression and metastasis. These effects were reproducible in another cell line with a different p53 mutant, 4T1. To determine whether we could make a non-metastatic cell adopt metastatic properties by simply expressing PLA2G16, we expressed FLAG-tagged PLA2G16 in two p53-null cell lines that lacked metastatic potential. These cells showed a 2-fold and 7-fold increase in invasion in culture, respectively. These preliminary data suggest that the expression of PLA2G16 in mutant p53 cell lines contributes to migration, invasion, and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1459. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1459
J-Monotone Nonlinear Operators in Banach Spaces

Let X be a real Banach space, X* its conjugate space, and let (w, u) denote the pairing between w in X * and u in X.
Occlusion as it relates to fixed restorations

Abstract 1. The longevity of fixed restorations depends upon bone support as much as any other one factor. However, the metabolic activity of the bone for each patient is different. Recognition of this variation eliminates many errors in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis of dental restorations. 2. An attempt to alter the existing interocclusal distance should be approached with caution. All available methods, including tracings of cephalometric roentgenograms, should be employed to accurately determine the amount of this space between the teeth in rest position. 3. Worn-out dentitions require that the functional surfaces of cusps be developed with a parabolic form if that dentition is to take its place as an efficient organ of a healthy masticatory system. 4. The cusps of dental restorations which will maintain functional equilibrium in the patient's mouth are dependent upon the condylar guidance, incisal guidance, plane of occlusion, Spee's curve, and cusp height. The influence of each of these factors was discussed. 5. An adjustable anatomic articulator is an indispensable tool in the development of functional occlusal surfaces. However, the results will be only as good as the thinking of the dentist who uses the instrument. 6. The value of the hinge axis determination was discussed, as well as the necessity for harmony between centric relation and centric occlusion. All deflective occlusal contacts must be removed before fixed restorations are placed in the existing occlusion. 7. Dental restorations must be developed from a dynamic point of view. This includes the straight protrusive, lateral protrusive, and lateral excursive movements of the mandible. 8. A technique for the generation of the occlusal surfaces of wax patterns that will be in functional occlusion for each individual patient has been described. 9. A thorough knowledge of the subject of functional occlusion without any preconceived ideas and an ability to apply sound biologic principles to methods of treatment will consistently produce fixed restorations of the highest degree of perfection.
Intraoperative Use of Dual-Chamber Demand Pacemakers for Open Heart Operations

The availability of external atrioventricular sequential pacemakers has improved the management of patients with sinus bradycardia, junctional rhythm, and atrioventricular block. However, these pacemakers are of less value in patients with postoperative heart block and accelerated atrial rhythms. The temporary use of a modified explanted dual-chamber demand pacemaker may counteract that problem by providing atrially triggered, P-wave-synchronous ventricular pacing. We report 2 patients in whom the temporary use of the dual-chamber demand pacemaker greatly facilitated weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Subgaleal Hematoma in a Child, without Skull Fracture

The rare cases of subgaleal hematoma in childhood reported previously have all been related to head trauma. A case of apparently spontaneous subgaleal hematoma is reported which was associated with a qualitative platelet defect and not with trauma. Subgaleal hematoma must be differentiated from subgaleal infection and air from frontal sinusitis with bony erosion, and from an encephalocele or tumor erosion through the skull. Computed cranial tomography is useful in that differentiation. Most cases have been managed conservatively, but subgaleal tap may be indicated if there is severe headache or potential scalp necrosis.
The importance of the presence of a 5'-ribonucleotide and the contribution of the T1R1 + T1R3 heterodimer and an additional low-affinity receptor in the taste detection of L-glutamate as assessed psychophysically.

The molecular receptors underlying the purported “umami” taste quality commonly associated with l-glutamate have been controversial. Evidence supports the involvement of the T1R1 + T1R3 heterodimer, a GPCR broadly tuned to l-amino acids, but variants of two mGluRs expressed in taste buds have also been implicated. Using a rigorous psychophysical taste-testing paradigm, we demonstrated impaired, if not eliminated, detection of MSG in WT and T1R1, T1R2, T1R3, and T1R2 + T1R3 KO mice when the contribution of sodium was minimized by the epithelial sodium channel blocker amiloride. When inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP), a ribonucleotide that potentiates the l-glutamate signal through the T1R1 + T1R3 heterodimer, was added, the WT and T1R2 KO mice were able to detect the compound stimulus across all MSG (+amiloride) concentrations due, in part, to the taste of IMP. In contrast, mice lacking T1R1 or T1R3 could not detect IMP alone, yet some were able to detect MSG + amiloride + IMP, but only at the higher MSG concentrations. Interestingly, the sensitivity of T1R1 KO mice to another l-amino acid, lysine, was unimpaired, suggesting that some l-amino acids can be detected through T1R1 + T1R3-independent receptors without sensitivity loss. Given that IMP is not thought to affect mGluRs, behavioral detection of l-glutamate appears to require the contribution of the T1R1 + T1R3 receptor. However, the partial competence observed in some T1R1 and T1R3 KO mice when MSG + amiloride + IMP was tested suggests that a T1R1 or T1R3 homodimer or an unidentified protein, perhaps in conjunction with T1R1 or T1R3, can serve as a low-affinity taste receptor for l-glutamate in the presence of IMP.
Reflection of Internal Gravity Waves by small Density Variations

Abstract The propagation of small-amplitude internal gravity waves through a finite layer of varying Brunt-Vaisala frequency is analyzed. A two-scale analysis is used and it is shown that the amount of reflection a wave undergoes is related to the correlation coefficient between the first harmonic of the wave and the variations of the medium. Therefore, with proper care one can extend the usual WKB technique to account for reflection.
Functional organization of olfactory processing in the accessory lobe of the spiny lobster

An isolated brain preparation was used to characterize neurons innervating the accessory lobe (AL) of the spiny lobster (Panulirus argus). Four distinct classes of neurons responded to electrical stimulation of the olfactory (antennular) nerve. These cells responded to electrical stimulation with a long and variable latency; they also responded to odor stimulation in a nose-brain preparation. Neurons connecting the AL with the olfactory lobe branched in the central AL layer and selectively innervated olfactory lobe glomeruli. These cells had response latencies which were significantly shorter than those of other AL neurons. Intrinsic AL interneurons were heterogeneous as a population, and most arborized in irregular but circumscribed regions of either the lateral or medial layers. The final class of neurons branched ipsilaterally in the deutocerebral neuropil and bilaterally innervated only a few AL glomeruli. The physiology and morphology of these four classes of neurons confirm an olfactory function for the AL and identify the input and output regions of the lobe. Based on these findings, we propose that the AL processes odor information in the context of higher order multimodal input.
Extraordinary plasmon-QD interaction for enhanced infrared absorption

The use of metallic nanostructures for enhanced transmission and near field phenomena have been a topic of extensive research. Here we present integration of active media, consisting of InAs quantum dots (QD) embedded in quantum wells, with 2 dimensional metallic hole arrays (2DHA) leading to a strong interaction between resonant surface plasmons, excited at the metal-semiconductor interface, and intersubband transitions of quantum dots. The presence of a low-loss absorber within the enhanced near field region of 2DHA leads to an enhancement of photoresponse. The parameters of 2DHA were designed to overlap with absorption peaks of QDs. We present techniques of fabrication, accurate characterization of enhancement and efforts to optimize the 2DHA-QD coupling. Over an order of magnitude enhancement in photoresponse is observed due to spectral matching of intersubband absorption of quantum dots to that of 2DHA resonance, optimal placement of QD within the structure, and improved interaction lengths due to lateral propagation. This enhancement is also accompanied by significant narrowing of linewidth and the ability to tune the resonance by varying the 2DHA parameters. A hexagonal lattice with periodic circular holes on a thin gold film is used as the 2DHA. With further optimizations, these structures have significant applications in the mid-wave infrared (3-5 μm) and long-wave infrared (8-12 μm) regions for multispectral and polarization sensitive sensing
The top priority: building a better system for tobacco-cessation counseling.

estimate a 23.1% quit rate from repeatedannual screening and brief intervention for tobaccousers. Extended over the lifetimes of smokers, theintervention would save 2.47 million quality-adjustedlife years at a cost savings of $500 per smoker andbillions of dollars for the nation.The NCPP updates its previous 2001 effort to rankthe relative effectiveness of clinical preventive servicesrecommended by the U.S. Preventive Services TaskForce.
Automatic microdetermination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen: Improved combustion train and handling techniques

Combustion, reduction, and absorption tube packing, ladle design, and sample handling procedures have been described to assure good results for the microdetermination of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen on a great variety of organic compounds with an automatic analyzer.
Does the troposphere respond to day-to-day changes in solar magnetic field

WILCOX ET AL.1 have reported a statistical correlation between the solar magnetic sector structure and the vorticity area index (VAI) during the period 1964–70. Characteristically, the VAI reached a minimum 1 day after the passage of a solar magnetic sector boundary (SSB), with the response being greatest in winter and at 500 and 300 mbar. This result has been the basis of many subsequent studies; in particular Wilcox et al.2 strengthened their previous results by extending the period of analysis to the 11 year interval 1963–73. We have examined the period 1974–77 and find that this characteristic response is now no longer evident.
Television viewing and dietary intake of pregnant adolescents

Abstract This study examined the television viewing habits of 79 pregnant adolescents and compared the nutrient density of foods (including beverages) consumed while watching television with food eaten while not watching television. The nutrient density of foods consumed as snacks while watching television also was compared to other snacks. Socio-demographic data, information on television viewing habits, and four days of dietary intake were obtained by personal interviews. Results indicated that participants were of low socio-economic status, had completed a mean of 10.1 years of school, were mostly unmarried (65%), and spent an average of 5.3 hours per day watching television. The most frequently watched television shows were soap operas, comedy shows, and movies while sports and Music Television (MTV) were the least frequently viewed programs. The nutrient densities of television and non-television foods were similar with the exception that the television foods were significantly (p
Thiothalidomides: Novel Isosteric Analogues of Thalidomide with Enhanced TNF-α Inhibitory Activity†

Thalidomide is being increasingly used in the clinical management of a wide spectrum of immunologically-mediated and infectious diseases, and cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying its pharmacological action are still under investigation. In this regard, oral thalidomide is clinically valuable in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) and mutiple myeloma and effectively reduces tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels and angiogenesis in vivo. This contrasts with its relatively weak effects on TNF-α and angiogenesis in in vitro studies and implies that active metabolites contribute to its in vivo pharmacologic action and that specific analogues would be endowed with potent activity. Our focus in the structural modification of thalidomide is toward the discovery of novel isosteric active analogues. In this regard, a series of thiothalidomides and analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their TNF-α inhibitory activity against lipopolysacharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear ...
Generalizing the Quinn-Wójs theorem on distinct multiplets of composite Fermions

The combinatorial tool of generating functions for restricted partitions is used to generalize a quantum physics theorem relating distinct multiplets of different angular momenta in the composite Fermion model of the fractional quantum Hall effect. Specifically, if g"@?(N,M) denotes the number of distinct multiplets of angular momentum @? and total angular momentum M, we prove thatg"@?(N,M)>=@?k|Ng"L"("k")Nk,M,where the sum is taken over all positive divisors of N and L(k)=k@?-kN/2+3k/2-N+N/(2k)-1/2. The original Quinn-Wojs theorem results when k=1 and it appears that this generalization will be useful in further investigations of nuclear shells modeling elementary particle interactions when the particles are clustered together.
A convenient synthesis of 1,2-dimethyltetramethoxydisilane

Abstract Photolysis of methyldimethoxysilane in the gas phase yields 1,2-dimethyltetramethoxydisilane. The mass spectrum of 1,2-dimethyltetramethoxydisilane is discussed.
On p-vectors of 3-polytopes

Abstract If P is a simple 3-dimesional polytope and pi is the number of i sided faces of P then ( p + t − 1 t ) n + 1 where n is the largest number of edges on any face of P. Generalizations to non-simple polytopes and polytopes of higher genus are obtained.
Simulating Conditional Deterministic Predictability within Ocean Frontogenesis

Abstract Ocean mesoscale eddies are non-deterministic in that small errors grow in time so that accurate prediction is not possible without continual correction from observations. Ocean frontogenesis can be forced by mesoscale eddies through straining of buoyancy gradients, which produces filaments of surface divergence related to ageostrophic upwelling. The upwelling can result in thinning of the mixed layer. The frontogenesis predictability is tested through a series of Observation System Experiments (OSEs), the results of which indicate that if the strength and location of the mesoscale eddies are accurately predicted, then the associated frontogenesis features can be predicted. The frontogenesis features have a ‘conditional deterministic predictability’. The OSEs are started with perturbed initial conditions, and the OSEs assimilate an increasing number of satellite altimeter data streams. One experiment uses all available data to provide the most accurate analysis, which is labeled as the nature run. Relative to the nature run, ocean steric height correlations increases from about 0.87 with one altimeter and asymptotically reaches 0.99 with four altimeters, showing increasing skill in mesoscale prediction. Satellite data provide no information to dynamically correct frontogenesis processes in the numerical models. Even though not corrected by data, as the number of satellite altimeters increases from 1 to 4, the spatial correlation to the nature run of the frontogenesis forcing increases linearly from 0.27 to 0.59, the surface divergence correlation increases linearly from 0.27 to 0.57 and mixed layer depth correlation increases linearly from 0.67 to 0.89. The conclusion is that within the simulations the frontogenesis filaments are deterministically predictable conditioned on accurate prediction of the mesoscale.
Biological and physiological factors involved in disposition of dioxin and related compounds

Abstract Over the past several years there has been renewed interest in developing physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related chemicals in various animals and people. These models have improved our understanding of the quantitative relationships among the various factors that regulate TCDD disposition. While certain aspects of disposition are well established, other observations raise a number of issues that have to be addressed in developing a more comprehensive model description. This contribution discusses certain of these issues. (1) Are there specific binding sites for TCDD in tissues other than the liver and does TCDD exposure alter the concentration of these binding sites? (2) In what manner does direct toxicity of TCDD alter tissue disposition? (3) What is the expected impact of physiological changes associated with normal growth and aging on TCDD tissue disposition? The effort to create a more integrated, physiologically-based biologically-realistic model of TCDD dosimetry suggests a number of experiments. These include examining changes in the biological determinants of disposition over time and evaluating factors involved in the tissue dosimetry of TCDD in non-hepatic tissues.
Consortia and institutional partnerships for community development

Community development initiatives offer special opportunities for partnerships among institutions of higher education.
Applications of the Wronskian and Gram matrices of {tieλkt}

Abstract A review is made of some of the fundamental properties of the sequence of functions { t i e λ k t }, k = 1,…, s , i = 0,…, m k −1 , distinct λ i . In particular it is shown how the Wronskian and Gram matrices of this sequence of functions appear naturally in such fields as spectral matrix theory, controllability, and Lyapunov stability theory.
Bilateral femoral hernias in a prepubertal boy.

A case of bilateral femoral hernia in a young boy is described. Aspects of this condition in children are discussed and the diagnostic problems highlighted.
Evolutionary process indicators for active IGAs applied to weight tuning in unit selection TTS synthesis

Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis systems produce speech from an input text. Corpus based or unit selection TTS (US-TTS) are based on retrieving the best set of speech units from a large labelled speech database. To that effect, the unit selection is guided by dynamic programming and a weighted cost function. Several weight tuning approaches have been defined so as to integrate human preferences in the unit selection process, but with no great success beyond expert-based hand tuning. However, active interactive genetic algorithms (aiGAs) have showed promising results working on the unit selection text-to-speech (US-TTS) weight tuning problem in previous works. aiGAs are an evolution of classic interactive genetic algorithms (IGAs) in terms of reducing fatigue, ambiguity and frustration in user's evaluations. This paper presents a step further in the application of aiGAs to this problem by defining new indicators of the perceptually-based evolutionary process to obtain more reliable weights. The experiments have been conducted on one hour Spanish speech database and using an acoustic plus linguistic cost function.
Energy deposition by electrons in superfluid helium and design of a detector for solar neutrinos

Abstract We report recent progress in the development of HERON, a detector of low-energy solar neutrinos that will use as a target material 10 tons of liquid helium. The HERON detector is intended to detect p–p neutrinos from the sun in real time with a an energy threshold of approximately 50 keV. The recoil energy of electrons resulting from the elastic scattering of neutrinos is measured with calorimetric wafers above the free surface of the liquid at 40 mK. Both the EUV scintillation and the helium atoms produced by quantum evaporation, which result from phonos and rotons hitting the free surface, are detected by the wafers. Background rejection is achieved statistically by a determination of event location with respect to the walls of the helium containment. The wafers will be used to form a coded aperture array. If the wafers have an energy threshold such that they can detect single 16 eV photons, a neutrino event having a recoil electron with an energy greater than 50 keV could be located to within 10 cm or better anywhere in the 10 tons of helium.