cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous chemotaxis in acute glomerulonephritis: Demonstration of a positive correlation with disease activity

Normal human serum or plasma that has been immediately heat-inactivated upon collection contains very low levels ofchemotactic activity which we term “spontaneous chemotactic activity.” The source of this activity is unknown, but may, at least in part, reflect in vivo activation of the complement system. We have found abnormally increased spontaneous chemotactic activity in the plasma and sera of 19 children during the acute phase of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Addition of immune complexes to unheated sera of the patients failed to generate additional chemotactic activity above that of the spontaneous levels. Also, neutrophis from these patients with increased spontaneous chemotactic activity responded poorly in vitro to chemotactic factors generated from normal control sera. All of these abnormalities disappeared with clinical resolution of the disease within 6 to 18 months following its acute phase. Healthy children with a prior history of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis demonstrated normal chemotaxis; adults with chronic glomerulonephritis revealed similar but persistent abnormalities when studied sequentially over a period of 8 to 14 months. Thus, these abnormalities of chemotaxis appear to correlated with disease activity; they may have prognostic value.
Training in Its Organizational Context: Sharing Responsibility.

A persistent concern of those involved with planning, delivering, and evaluating training as well as of managers is whether training “works.” Addressing that question, this paper proposes that training must be integrated into other aspects of the organization if it is to achieve lasting results. In other words, training must be viewed within its organizational context rather than as a stand-alone activity. Viewing training contextually raises both training implementation and training evaluation issues. From the implementation perspective, issues abound concerning the best way to link training with other parts of the organization to enhance its effectiveness. From the perspective of evaluation, the difficult issue of accountability arises: Training cannot take responsibility for things beyond its control, but it also cannot abdicate responsibility. How does shared responsibility for results work within an organization? This paper explores these issues by reviewing literature related to training in context, presenting a model for understanding training within an organizational context, and presenting practice implications for trainers.
An expeditious method for determining the activation energies of enzymatic reactions

Abstract A method has been developed for the rapid determination of the energy of activation (Ea) for enzymatic reactions. The basis of the method is that after initiation of the reaction at a lower temperature, the sample is placed in surroundings having an elevated temperature. Temperature and reaction rate are simultaneously determined during the subsequent approach to thermal equilibrium, and Ea obtained from the slope of a plot of in rate vs. 1 T . Activation energies determined by this method are reported for the reactions catalyzed by rat brain hexokinase (ATP: d -hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) and citrate synthase (citrate oxaloacetate lyase (CoA-acetylating), EC 4.1.3.7), rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40), and phosphodiesterase-I (orthophosphoric diester phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.1) from muskmelon seeds.
Microwave spectroscopy of molecular ions in the laboratory and in space

The SO+ molecular ion has been detected radioastronomically via the J = §—*§ rotational transitions, whose rest frequencies were determined by earlier laboratory spectroscopic studies. This ion was detected in seven interstellar sources, including both giant molecular clouds and a cold dark cloud, and thus appears to be very widely distributed in the Galaxy and to play an important role in interstellar chemistry. We have obtained rotational spectra of HCO + in a wide variety of vibrational states in three isotopic forms, leading to the equilibrium structural parameters that are consistent to a high degree in redundant determinations. These results will be compared to similar structures we have obtained for HCN and HNC. The high bending vibrational states observed for HCO + and HCN exhibit the effects of Stark broadening due to the electric fields present in the discharge plasmas. The effects observed for ions against neutrals will be compared, as will those for normal glow discharges against those for magnetically confined abnormal discharges.
Interactions of Estrogen with the Neurotrophins and Their Receptors during Neural Development

Abstract We are interested in examining mechanisms underlying estrogen actions during neuronal differentiation in the central nervous system (CNS). Our research has focused on one possible mechanism, the developmental interactions between estrogen and the neurotrophins (nerve growth factor [NGF], brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and neurotrophin-3 [NT-3]). Using combined isotopic and non-isotopic in situ hybridization, we found that neurons in developmental estrogen targets (e.g., the cerebral cortex), co-localized mRNAs for the neurotrophins (NGF or BDNF) with their cognate receptors (p75NGFR [the pan-neurotrophin receptor] and trkA or trkB [the tyrosine kinase receptors]), suggesting a localization of neurotrophin-autocrine loops to these estrogen-sensitive neurons. In contrast, the basal forebrain, which is estrogen-sensitive in the adult and during development, only expressed neurotrophin receptor mRNAs, suggesting that this region was not an autocrine neurotrophin target. We examined the potential for developmental estrogen-neurotrophin interactions, using a model neurotrophinsensitive system, i.e., differentiating PC12 cells. NGF significantly increased estrogen receptor density in PC12 cells. Reciprocally, estrogen up-regulated trkA mRNA and transiently down-regulated p75NGFR mRNA, suggesting that estrogen may increase the efficiency of NGF binding in PC12 cells. Similar estrogen-dependent regulation of NGF receptor mRNAs were also observed in the adult dorsal root ganglia, suggesting that estrogen may regulate NGF sensitivity in adult neurotrophin targets as well. Such estrogen-neurotrophin interactions may have an important role during differentiation and in the adult, following injury.
Analyzing the impact of MIMO radar on tracking association error

We present a methodology for quantifying the effect of MIMO radar on tracking association performance. Two general factors affecting contact-to-track association are included. The first is a decrease in measurement error, in both Doppler and azimuth. The second is an increase in detection probability (due to enhanced discrimination of slow-moving targets from the clutter ridge), which effectively decreases the average time interval between track updates. The approach quantitatively evaluates the decrease in the probability of a track association error with a MIMO radar, to efficiently assess the design trades of system parameters.
Economic, family, and length-of-training issues that influence the selection of a clinician-scientist career path in otolaryngology.

Objective To understand the reasons for the decrease in clinician-scientists in otolaryngology. Study Design An anonymous survey was prepared that questioned career preparation and personal demographics as well as motive for having done research in medical school. K awardees were also asked for concerns in choosing the clinician-scientist career path and the obstacles encountered. Subjects and Methods A survey was conducted of the 2005 National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders otolaryngologist K-awardees and otolaryngology residents from three research-oriented U.S. medical schools. Results Residents felt that family issues ranked as a primary concern, followed by the time factor necessary to devote to research that would detract from their family and personal life. The K-awardees' concern also appeared to be family issues; the lack of departmental support ranked second. The K-awardees expressed that protected research time, a mentor, and departmental support were important to success. Conclusion This survey found that although young otolaryngologists are interested in research, they are deterred by financial and family constraints and a perceived paucity of departmental support.
Periodontal diseases and osteoporosis: Association and mechanisms

There is increasing evidence that osteoporosis, and the underlying loss of bone mass characteristic of this disease, is associated with periodontal disease and tooth loss. Periodontitis has long been defined as an infection-mediated destruction of the alveolar bone and soft tissue attachment to the tooth, responsible for most tooth loss in adult populations. Current evidence including several prospective studies supports an association of osteoporosis with the onset and progression of periodontal disease in humans. The majority of studies have shown low bone mass to be independently associated with loss of alveolar crestal height and tooth loss. However studies that focus on the relation of clinical attachment loss and osteoporosis are less consistent. To date, the majority of studies on the relationship between periodontal disease and osteoporosis have been hindered by small sample sizes, limited control of other potential confounding factors, varying definitions of both periodontal disease and osteoporosis, and few prospective studies where the temporality of the association can be established. Potential mechanisms by which host factors may influence onset and progression of periodontal disease directly or indirectly include underlying low bone density in the oral cavity, bone loss as an inflammatory response to infection, genetic susceptibility, and shared exposure to risk factors. Systemic loss of bone density in osteoporosis, including that of the oral cavity, may provide a host system that is increasingly susceptible to infectious destruction of periodontal tissue. Studies have provided evidence that hormones, heredity, and other host factors influence periodontal disease incidence and severity. Both periodontal disease and osteoporosis are serious public-health concerns in the United States. Prevalence of both osteoporosis and tooth loss increase with advancing age in both women and men. Understanding the association between these common diseases and the mechanisms underlying those associations will aid health professionals to provide improved means to prevent, diagnose, and treat these very common diseases. This paper reviews the current evidence on the association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis.
Sulfur Fertilization of Bahiagrass with Varying Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization on a Florida Spodosol

Low levels of available S in soils may limit bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) growth in Florida. To characterize the response of bahiagrass to S fertilizer, we annually applied a factorial combination of four N (N 0 -N 255 = 0, 85, 170, and 255 kg ha -1 , respectively) and S (S 0 -S 285 = 0, 95, 190, and 285 kg ha -1 , respectively) levels to a >40-yr-old pasture and measured forage yield, N and S concentrations, and N and S uptake at 35, 70, and 105 d after fertilization (DAF) over 3 yr. There were highly significant N x S fertilizer interactions for yield, concentration of N, and N uptake. In the absence of N, each of these responses increased with increasing rates of S, but as level of N increased, these three responses to S diminished. For example, with N 0 , yield ranged from 1140 to 2640 kg dry matter (DM) ha -1 over So to S 285 , but with N 255 , yield did not vary (mean 3210 kg DM ha -1 ). Up to 80 kg N ha -1 yr -1 came from apparent mineralization of soil organic matter (OM) as a result of addition of S to plots that received no N. At 35 DAF, concentrations of S in forage ranged from 2.6 to 3.8 g kg -1 with So to S 285 . Maximum annual uptake was 28 kg S ha -1 with recovery at 136 g S kg -1 of applied S. With 56 to 67 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , as is common on Florida ranches, fertilization with S may not be necessary on older pasture.
Dissection of bacteriophage lambda site-specific recombination using synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries.

A wide variety of tools have been used to dissect biochemical pathways, inhibitors being chief among them. Combinatorial approaches have made the search for inhibitors much more efficient. We have applied such an approach to identify hexapeptides which inhibit different steps in a site-specific recombination reaction mediated by the bacteriophage lambda integrase protein. Integrase's mechanism is still incompletely understood, in large part because several pathway intermediates remain hard to isolate. Integrase-catalyzed recombination is very efficient, but if blocked, it is highly reversible to substrates; this combination makes some intermediates exceedingly transient. We have used synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries to screen for hexapeptides that affect the recombination pathway at different stages, and have identified two families of peptides: one probably blocks DNA cleavage, the other may stabilize the Holliday junction intermediates. These peptides do not resemble parts of integrase or any of the other helper functions in the pathway. The deconvolution of hexapeptide libraries based both on inhibition of an enzymatic reaction as well as on accumulation of reaction intermediates is a novel approach to finding useful tools for dissecting a biochemical pathway.
Stable frequency comb derived from a narrowband Yb-fiber laser: Pre-chirp management for self-referenced f CEO stabilization

We demonstrate the feasibility of implementing frequency combs from a narrowband (5-nm, 415-fs transform-limited pulse) laser, paving the way for large line-spacing frequency combs based on multi-GHz lasers which emit long (>200 fs) pulses.
Integrin Expression Regulates Neuroblastoma Attachment and Migration

Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common malignant disease of infancy, and children with bone metastasis have a mortality rate greater than 90%. Two major classes of proteins, integrins and growth factors, regulate the metastatic process. We have previously shown that tumorigenic NBL cells express higher levels of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and that beta1 integrin expression is inversely proportional to tumorigenic potential in NBL. In the current study, we analyze the effect of beta1 integrin and IGF-IR on NBL cell attachment and migration. Nontumorigenic S-cells express high levels of beta1 integrin, whereas tumorigenic N-cells express little beta1 integrin. Alterations in beta1 integrin are due to regulation at the protein level, as translation is decreased in N-type cells. Moreover, inhibition of protein synthesis shows that beta1 integrin is degraded more slowly in S-type cells (SHEP) than in N-type cells (SH-SY5Y and IMR32). Inhibition of alpha5beta1 integrin prevents SHEP (but not SH-SY5Y or IMR32) cell attachment to fibronectin and increases SHEP cell migration. Increases in IGF-IR decrease beta1 integrin expression, and enhance SHEP cell migration, potentially through increased expression of alphavbeta3. These data suggest that specific classes of integrins in concert with IGF-IR regulate NBL attachment and migration.
In vitro synthesis of ØX-174 single-stranded DNA

Abstract An in vitro single strand DNA synthesizing system has been developed from cells deficient in Kornberg DNA polymerase activity. When OX-174 infected cells are gently lysed and sedimented through a sucrose gradient there is a peak of 3 H-TTP incorporating activity towards the upper region of the gradient that is not found in uninfected cells. The product of this activity is DNase sensitive and RNase resistant. DNA-DNA hybridization suggest that only OX-174 single strand DNA is being synthesized.
Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines: Are We Defining the Issues Too Narrowly?

My thanks to the editors of CJASN for publishing the series of commentaries on the role of industry in the development of the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines and potential conflicts of interest. I raise two issues in response. Conflict of interest goes well beyond financial considerations between individual investigators and industry backers. Academic medical centers, editorial offices, and the media have turned the conflict-of-interest spotlight almost exclusively on the issue of potential personal financial gain from industries with which a specific researcher has financial ties. This single-minded view of conflict of interest ignores another important motivation for …
Stabilization of Undamped Gyro Platforms Using an Inertial Angular Rate Sensor

The accuracy of any gyro stabilized platform depends to a large extent upon maintaining the net torques applied to the stabilized element at a low level. This requires that the static gain of the servosystem be high in order to effectively counteract torque disturbances. Generally a basic stability problem results which requires servo lead compensation. Beyond this, the lead compensation must be effective in controlling resonant amplitudes during dynamic disturbances. This article treats the stability problem for platforms employing gyros which have negligible damping about the precession axis. The air bearing gyro is a notable example. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, a simple analytical method is introduced to define compensation parameters which will allow control of the undamped natural frequency, and which will establish a damping factor of one half. Second, a new device is introduced which will greatly simplify the task of generating an effective compensation signal. This device is a tiny gimbal-mounted intertial angular rate sensor called ?ADA.?
Experience in a residential setting

Abstract A Choice Awareness group experience helped retirement and nursing home residents become aware of their choices—it also enhanced their choice-making skills, and their socialization skills within the home
0007 Trends of occupational injury in the Philippines: implications for policy

Objectives This study aimed to review and assess the prevalence and incidence of occupational injuries in the Philippines. Method Data collection were done from various agencies, namely, Bureau of Labour and Employment Statistics (BLES) of the Department of Labour and Employment (DOLE), Labour Force Survey of National Statistics Office, among others. Hospital-based surveys and newspaper reports were also sources of data for this study. Results The review showed that about 358 000 fatal and 337 million non-fatal occupational accidents in the world, and 1.95 million deaths from work-related diseases. Occupational injuries in the Philippines showed 22 265 cases in 2003, and 47 235 cases in 2007. The manufacturing industries registered the highest number of cases Out of the reported cases of occupational injuries, 178 resulted in death in 2000, and 116 deaths in 2007. Injury occurred at 6 injury cases per 500 full-time workers, or 1 injury case for every 88 workers in 2000. In the following years, it declined to 4 cases per full-time worker in 2003, and 3 cases for every 88 workers in 2007. Based on hospital records, there was a total of 9521 injury cases reported for the first quarter of 2010 in 77 government and private hospitals in the country. The cause of injury mostly occurred on the road (44.4%), and work-related injuries were reported at 7.8%. Conclusions The review of occupational injuries in the Philippines showed major trends in injuries, causes of injuries and rates and severity of injury. However, the data lack more specific and segregated information per industry and occupational grouping, as well as identification of risk factors associated with these injuries. Therefore, improvements in injury surveillance and documentation of injury cases as well as research into risk factors at work should be done. All these efforts should lend towards prevention strategies and guidelines on occupational injuries in the Philippines. Also, there is a need to have a standard nomenclature of occupational injuries, starting from the primary data sources (company clinics) which are the bases of the national data. It is suggested that data collection on occupational injuries be a national scale, and not merely randomised collection of data for small, medium and large industries.
The origin of deep-level impurity transitions in hexagonal boron nitride

Deep ultraviolet photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the origin of the widely observed deep level impurity related donor-acceptor pair (DAP) transition with an emission peak near 4.1 eV in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). A set of h-BN epilayers were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) under different ammonia (NH3) flow rates to explore the role of nitrogen vacancies (VN) in the deep-level transitions. The emission intensity of the DAP transition near 4.1 eV was found to decrease exponentially with an increase of the NH3 flow rate employed during the MOCVD growth, implying that impurities involved are VN. The temperature-dependent PL spectra were measured from 10 K up to 800 K, which provided activation energies of ∼0.1 eV for the shallow impurity. Based on the measured energy level of the shallow impurity (∼0.1 eV) and previously estimated bandgap value of about 6.5 eV for h-BN, we deduce a value of ∼2.3 eV for the deep impurity involved in th...
Theoretical study of Raman modes in high-pressure phases of Si, Ge, and Sn.

Results of an ab initio investigation of the pressure dependence of the Raman-active phonon modes in the \ensuremath{\beta}-Sn phase of Si, Ge, and Sn and the hexagonal-close-packed phase of Si are presented. The calculations are in very good agreement with experimental measurements. Both measurements and calculations show that the \ensuremath{\beta}-Sn-structure LO mode has a different pressure dependence for Ge than for Si. This difference between Si and Ge is discussed, and an explanation in terms of d electrons is given.
Comparative Transcriptomics Allows for Rapid Development of Population-Level Nuclear Markers in Hesperoperla pacifica (Plecoptera:Perlidae)

Lack of nonmicrosatellite nuclear markers that are informative at the intraspecific level has limited inferences about the phylogeography and phylogenetics of most aquatic insect taxa. Genomic resources are becoming available at an unprecedented rate and scale. Sequencing a single transcriptome (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid [cDNA] library corresponding to all messenger ribonucleic acid [mRNA] expressed at a single point in time) can generate tens of thousands of sets of overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA (contigs) averaging >500 base pairs [bp] in length. A challenge posed by these large data sets is extraction of markers with population-level utility. We demonstrate proof-of-concept for using comparative transcriptomics to develop primers for multiple nuclear loci with population-level utility in Hesperoperla pacifica efficiently and cost effectively. We created a cDNA library from total RNA and assembled the resulting transcriptomes de novo with the computer program Trinity. We used a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST)-based algorithm to identify and filter putative orthologs (homologous gene sequences in different species). Filtering with a minimum sequence length of 600 bp and nucleotide identity of ≥85% yielded >1800 ortholog alignments. We examined some of these alignments for suitability for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer design. We screened 40 primers for their ability to amplify the correct-size PCR product and to detect genetic variation in 4 populations across the Great Basin (USA). The large number of loci that can be identified with this technique will lead to more-robust estimates of population parameters and more-rigorous tests of phylogeographic hypotheses than can be done with fewer loci. The advantages of nuclear-sequence-based studies include better comparisons with mitochondrial DNA phylogenies because of shared statistical techniques and models of mutation and the potential for direct comparisons of genetic structure across taxa.
Aging with Spinal Cord Injury

As more individuals with spinal cord injuries survive into the later decades of life, they are faced with a variety of potential secondary conditions that limit their physical independence and affect community integration. This article describes, body system by body system, the various health issues that people with spinal cord injuries are likely to encounter as they age. Changes also occur in one's community participation and integration, which may result in changed perceived quality of life. Possible interventions to delay or minimize the effects of aging in this unique population are described, based on the emerging literature and on clinical experience.
Monotone iterative methods for finite difference system of reaction-diffusion equations

This paper presents an existence-comparison theorem and an iterative method for a nonlinear finite difference system which corresponds to a class of semilinear parabolic and elliptic boundary-value problems. The basic idea of the iterative method for the computation of numerical solutions is the monotone approach which involves the notion of upper and lower solutions and the construction of monotone sequences from a suitable linear discrete system. Using upper and lower solutions as two distinct initial iterations, two monotone sequences from a suitable linear system are constructed. It is shown that these two sequences converge monotonically from above and below, respectively, to a unique solution of the nonlinear discrete equations. This formulation leads to a well-posed problem for the nonlinear discrete system. Applications are given to several models arising from physical, chemical and biological systems. Numerical results are given to some of these models including a discussion on the rate of convergence of the monotone sequences.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia following kidney transplantation in a pediatric patient

The incidence of cancer is increased follow- ing kidney transplantation. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has been previously reported in ten adult patients and only one pediatric patient post kidney transplantation. We report one male patient aged 18.8 years, on chronic dialysis from the age of 2 years, who was transplanted from a cadaver donor at the age of 8 years. He was treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) before transplantation and with azathioprine after kidney transplantation. Eight years after transplantation, CML was diagnosed and he was successfully treated with hydroxyurea and α-interferon. The follow-up is 28 months. The possible role of the combined action of rhGH and azathioprine in CML genesis is discussed.
FLAVOR ADJUNCTS FOR RESTRUCTURED PORK

Boneless prerigor pork shoulders were processed to restructured pork chops and formulated with 1% NaCl and .25% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP). Formulations included (1) 100% pork (C), (2) 95% pork - 5% rehydrated dried apples (A), (3) 95% pork - 5 % mushroom slurry (M), and (4) 99.98% pork -.02% liquid smoke extract (S). All samples were stored at -20°C until evaluation at 0, 14 and 42 days after packaging. Although the C chops received higher initial color scores, color of the A samples remained more stable during storage. The Hunter ‘a’ values followed a similar trend. Flavor enhancers and storage times that were evaluated had a minimal effect on product cohesiveness and tenderness. Rehydrated dried apples and the mushroom slurry appeared to be potential flavor enhancers; whereas, liquid smoke appeared to be a flavor protector by retarding oxidative rancidity development after frozen storage for 42 days.
Critical care nursing in an austere environment.

Objective:The purpose of this article is to present an overview of critical care nursing in current battlefield healthcare environments. The various levels of tactical combat casualty care are described with emphasis on those levels in which military critical care nurses are practicing.Results:Resul
On normal domination of (super)martingales

Let $(S_0,S_1,\dots)$ be a supermartingale relative to a nondecreasing sequence of $\sigma$-algebras $(H_{\le0},H_{\le1},\dots)$, with $S_0\le0$ almost surely (a.s.) and differences $X_i:=S_i-S_{i-1}$. Suppose that for every $i=1,2,\dots$ there exist $H_{\le(i-1)}$-measurable r.v.'s $C_{i-1}$ and $D_{i-1}$ and a positive real number $s_i$ such that $C_{i-1}\le X_i\le D_{i-1}$ and $D_{i-1}-C_{i-1}\le 2 s_i$ a.s. Then for all real $t$ and natural $n$ and all functions $f$ satisfying certain convexity conditions $ E f(S_n)\le E f(sZ)$, where $f_t(x):=\max(0,x-t)^5$, $s:=\sqrt{s_1^2+\dots+s_n^2}$, and $Z\sim N(0,1)$. In particular, this implies $ P(S_n\ge x)\le c_{5,0}P(sZ\ge x)\quad\forall x\in R$, where $c_{5,0}=5!(e/5)^5=5.699\dots.$ Results for $\max_{0\le k\le n}S_k$ in place of $S_n$ and for concentration of measure also follow.
Circular dichroism spectra of poly[d(AC):d(GT)], poly[r(AC):r(GU)], and hybrids poly[d(AC):r(GU)] and poly[r(AC):d(GT)] in the presence of ethanol.

Ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra have been obtained in aqueous solutions in the presence and absence of ethanol for a synthetic DNA, poly[d(AC):d(GT)], a synthetic RNA, poly[r(AC):r(GU)], and two DNA:RNA hybrids, poly[d(AC):r(GU)] and poly[r(AC):d(GT)]. In the absence of ethanol, we find that the RNA and DNA spectra are dissimilar, while the spectra of the hybrids show differing degrees of similarity to that of the RNA. In the presence of 60–80% ethanol by weight, the spectra of the DNA and both hybrids become much closer to the spectrum of the RNA, which remains relatively unchanged. We interpret the results as indicating that DNA can undergo a change to an A-type conformation in the presence of ethanol and that the DNA:RNA hybrids are not wholly restricted to an RNA-like conformation in the absence of ethanol.
Systemic antibody responses to oral microorganisms in the cynomolgus monkey: development of methodology and longitudinal responses during ligature-induced disease.

Abstract Systemic antibody responses to oral microorganisms were studied during ligature-induced periodontal disease in a non-human primate (Nhp) model. Methodology was developed using ELISA techniques to assess total IgG and IgM levels in the serum from the Nhp. In addition, an ELISA was developed utilizing affinity-purified anti-human isotype reagents to detect Nhp serum antibody responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum . Results showed that the anti-human reagents detected IgG and IgM from Macaca fascicularis with an efficiency of 25–35 % and 50–60 %, respectively. Following ligation, groups of Nhp were treated with an immunomodulator (“Thymopentin”, TP5) or placebo to examine the effect of the T-cell stimulating agent on periodontitis and host responses. No differences were noted in total serum IgG and IgM levels for individual Nhp or between groups when baseline, ligation and treatment intervals were compared. However, following ligation, 8/12 Nhp exhibited significant increases in IgG and/or IgM antibody to P. gingivalis that were coincident with increases in the percentage of this microorganism in the subgingival plaque from the ligated sites. During the treatment phase, the antibody levels in the placebo group continued to increase, while the levels in the TP5-treated group stabilized. The findings in this study indicate that the emergence of a microorganism in the subgingival plaque ( P. gingivalis ) during the conversion from gingivitis to progressing periodontitis in the Nhp, elicits a systemic antibody response that is specific for the microorganism.
Foreland-forearc collisional granitoid and mafic magmatism caused by lower-plate lithospheric slab breakoff: The Acadian of Maine, and other orogens

During collisional convergence, failure in extension of the lithosphere of the lower plate due to slab pull will reduce the thickness or completely remove lower-plate lithosphere and cause decompression melting of the asthenospheric mantle; magmas from this source may subsequently provide enough heat for substantial partial melting of crustal rocks under or beyond the toe of the collisional accretionary system. In central Maine, United States, this type of magmatism is first apparent in the Early Devonian West Branch Volcanics and equivalent mafic volcanics, in the slightly younger voluminous mafic/silicic magmatic event of the Moxie Gabbro‐Katahdin batholith and related ignimbrite volcanism, and in other Early Devonian granitic plutons. Similar lower-plate collisional sequences with mafic and related silicic magmatism probably caused by slab breakoff are seen in the Miocene‐Holocene Papuan orogen, and the Hercynian‐Alleghenian belt. Magmatism of this type is significant because it gives evidence in those examples of whole-lithosphere extension. We infer that normal fault systems in outer trench slopes of collisional orogens in general, and possibly those of oceanic subduction zones, may not be primarily due to flexural bending, but are also driven by whole-lithosphere extension due to slab pull. The Maine Acadian example suggests that slab failure and this type of magmatism may be promoted by preexisting large margin-parallel faults in the lower plate.
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol and 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol are potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis by normal and leukemic (L2C) guinea pig lymphocytes.

Summary We have measured cholesterol biosynthesis in vitro by normal and leukenic (L 2 C) guinea pig lymphocytes. As shown before (Philippot, J. R., Cooper, A. C. and Wallach, D. F.E. [1975] Biochim. Biophys. Acta 406: 161–166) L 2 C cells produce cholesterol at 25–60 times the rate found with normal cells. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1, 25-dihydorxycholecalciferol, both biologically active derivatives of vitamin D 3 , at submicromolar concentrations inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis by both normal and neoplastic lymphocytes. Unoxygenated vitamin D 3 was not inhibitory. The rate of inhibitioin due to 25-hydroxychelecalciferol is considerably greater than that of the oxygenated cholesterol analogs.
Are Children Diagnosed With the Combined Form of ADHD Pervasively Hyperactive

Diagnostic criteria specified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychological Association [APA], 2000) require that motor excess be present across situations, at home and school, in order to establish that this condition is a characteristic of the child. The article discusses a study whose primary purpose was to use actigraphy to validate teacher and parent reports of hyperactivity at home and school. Continuous activity measurements were recorded for each minute of each 24-hr period (1,440 measurements per child per day) for a full 7-day week, during school and at home, on 9 children clinically diagnosed with the combined form of ADHD and 9 control children clinically examined at the same community mental health clinic and determined not to meet diagnostic criteria. The article highlights that the children with ADHD had not yet started medication, and the study findings reveal that only 1 of 9 children diagnosed with the combined form of ADHD was measurably pervasively hyperactive as DSM-IV-TR inclusion criteria require. Implications are discussed.
Introduction: Urban environmental profile series

Abstract This article introduces a new series of urban environmental profiles. The first two cities to be profiled in the series, Accra and Sao Paulo, follow.
Investigation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and insulin receptor binding and expression in jejunum of parenterally fed rats treated with IGF-I or growth hormone.

To investigate the ability of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), but not GH, to stimulate jejunal growth, we compared indices of IGF-I and insulin receptor expression in jejunal membranes from rats maintained with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and treated with rhIGF-I and/or rhGH. TPN without growth factor treatment (TPN control) induced jejunal atrophy, reduced serum IGF-I, increased serum insulin concentrations, and increased IGF-I receptor number, IGF-I receptor messenger RNA, and insulin-specific binding to 133% to 170% of the orally fed reference values, P < 0.01. Compared with TPN control, IGF-I or IGF-I + GH stimulated jejunal mucosal hyperplasia; IGF-I treatment increased serum IGF-I by 2- to 3-fold and decreased serum insulin concentrations by 60%, decreased IGF-I receptor number by 50% (P < 0.001), and increased insulin receptor affinity and insulin receptor protein content. Treatment with GH alone increased serum IGF-I concentration, did not alter TPN-induced jejunal atrophy, and decrease...
Downstream intensification effects associated with CO2 laser mitigation of fused silica

Mitigation of 351nm laser-induced damage sites on fused silica exit surfaces by selective CO{sub 2} treatment has been shown to effectively arrest the exponential growth responsible for limiting the lifetime of optics in high-fluence laser systems. However, the perturbation to the optical surface profile following the mitigation process introduces phase contrast to the beam, causing some amount of downstream intensification with the potential to damage downstream optics. Control of the laser treatment process and measurement of the associated phase modulation is essential to preventing downstream 'fratricide' in damage-mitigated optical systems. In this work we present measurements of the surface morphology, intensification patterns and damage associated with various CO{sub 2} mitigation treatments on fused silica surfaces. Specifically, two components of intensification pattern, one on-axis and another off-axis can lead to damage of downstream optics and are related to rims around the ablation pit left from the mitigation process. It is shown that control of the rim structure around the edge of typical mitigation sites is crucial in preventing damage to downstream optics.
The enthalpy of fusion of γ-manganese at 1386 K☆

Abstract The enthalpy of fusion of γ-Mn at 1386 K has been determined to be (3.05 ± 0.15) kcal th mol −1 from calorimetric measurements of the enthalpies of solution of γ-Mn in liquid Mn + Ni alloys. From this value, and the known enthalpy of transformation from γ-Mn to δ-Mn, we find the enthalpy of fusion of δ-Mn at 1517 K to be (2.6 3 ± 0.2) kcal th mol −1 .
Effect of colloidal particles on the formation of ordered mesoporous materials

This research investigates the effect of colloidal particles on the preparation of ordered mesoporous materials (M41S). It demonstrates that colloidal silica and colloidal titania particles promote the formation of these materials. Under similar conditions no ordered structure is observed without the colloidal particles. A heterogeneous nucleation mechanism is proposed based on these observations and is supported by direct evidence from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 15 refs., 5 figs.
A New Approach to Pyrrolidine and Piperidine Alkaloids

Abstract An uhexpected success involving the rearrangement of N-benzoyl2-pyrrolidone(1)to 2-phenylpyrroline (2)1 provided us with an imaginative heuristic upon which some novel entries into the pyrrolidine and piperdine alkaloids was based.
Design and Analysis of a Parallel Molecular Dynamics Application

This paper investigates the parallelization of molecular dynamics simulations. Topics addressed include the development of abstractions that support alternatives to traditional neighbor-list based approaches to molecular dynamics simulations, the evaluation of alternative methods for domain decomposition and program synchronization, and the design of a flexible framework for constructing realistic molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, this framework is designed to be suitable for implementation of programs for both shared and distributed memory MIMD multiprocessors. One specific problem addressed by our research is that MD simulations often scale poorly with increases in system size and in numbers of processors, in part due to the commonly used neighbor list approach. Our research uses a domain decomposition approach that exploits molecular locality to reduce overall computation and to attain good scalability. Experimental evidence concerning scalability and performance is gathered on KSR supercomputers.
Cytochemistry of phosphatases of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. II. In situ localization of the Mg-dependent enzyme.

The distribution of the Mg-dependent ATPase associated with a microsomal fraction of rabbit psoas muscle was studied histochemically and its localization in relation to the vesicles of the fraction and to the structure of intact fixed muscle was determined. Although enzyme activity was retained after fixation in hydroxyadipaldehyde and in glyoxal, it was lost after fixation in glutaraldehyde or after 4 hr fixation in formaldehyde. Activity was optimally demonstrated when incubations were conducted at 17°C, in media containing 125 mM Trismaleate buffer, pH 7.5, 5 mM ATP, 4 mM MgCl2, and 1 mM Pb(NO3)2. After such incubations, activity was present throughout the sarcoplasmic reticulum, but was absent from the T system. Activation by Na or K could not be demonstrated histochemically. However, the other biochemical properties of the enzyme in the isolated vesicles and in intact muscle were similar with respect to Mg dependence, substrate specificity, inhibition by Ca, N-ethyl maleimide, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and lack of inhibition by ouabain.
Photopolymerization in Polymer Templating

Primary objectives in templating of polymer systems include control over polymer structure and reaction behavior in pursuit of functionally advanced materials. Through such control, properties and features not accessible through traditional bulk polymerization are possible. In this review, recent developments in polymer templating are discussed that utilize benefits afforded through photopolymerization in the templating process. Photopolymerization not only is widely used and well-suited for templating applications but also is a highly effective tool with which to probe the kinetic behavior and structural evolution of templated polymers. Polymer templating encompasses a number of technologies and methods. Photopolymerization is prevalent in a number of these areas including linear chain templating or catalytic polymerization, organized particle templating, molecular imprinting, templating of assembled vesicles, and polymer templating in liquid crystals. In these systems the unique aspects of photopolymeri...
A note on moments of variables summing to normal order statistics

Abstract This article derives means, variance—covariance matrices of concomitant vectors corresponding to normal order statistics. These results generalize the earlier work from the independent case to the correlated case. We also derive the covariance matrices of the concomitant vectors. All results are neatly expressed in matrix form with meaningful interpretation.
Selective exposure of antigenic determinants in chromosomal proteins upon gene activation in polytene chromosomes.

Abstract The immunological accessibility of the nucleosomal core protein H3 and non-histone protein, HMG-1, was studied in transcriptionally active regions of Chironomus thummi polytene chromosomes. Chromosomal loci were decondensed by incubating isolated salivary glands in various salt solutions or hemolymph. Indirect immunofluorescence studies on these chromosomes using antisera to histone H3 revealed that the puffed regions were depleted of fluorescence. The lack of fluorescence could be correlated with the degree of puffing and the level of transcriptional activity. The puffed regions fluoresce after anti-H3 addition if the chromosomes are not cross-linked with formaldehyde, and if prior to the addition of antibodies the chromosomes are treated with 45% acetic acid. We conclude that, whereas histone H3 is present in the puffed regions, its antigenic determinants are sterically hindered by components which are extractable by 45% acetic acid. On the other hand, the antigenic determinants of protein HMG-1 are always available to antibody binding in puffed regions, as well as other chromosomal areas.
Biodistribution of post-therapeutic versus diagnostic (131)I-MIBG scans in children with neuroblastoma.

Background To evaluate the biodistribution of therapeutic 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and assess the sensitivity of diagnostic versus therapeutic 131I-MIBG scans to detect metastatic disease. Procedure This retrospective study included 44 diagnostic and post-therapy scans (PTS) in 18 children with neuroblastoma treated with 131I-MIBG (2.0–33.1 GBq). The findings of diagnostic scans (DS) (2.6–44.4 MBq) were compared to those of corresponding PTS. Results In terms of biodistribution, the PTS identified 131I-MIBG activity in one or more patients in the following regions not detected on the DS: nasal mucosa, cerebellum, central brain, adrenals, spleen, kidneys, thyroid, salivary glands, lower halves of the lungs, bladder, bowel, and an incisional scar. Conversely, the DS identified activity in the thorax, heart, kidneys, and bladder each in one patient without being visualized on the PTS. In terms of sensitivity to detect metastatic disease, 210 lesions were seen on the PTS compared to 151 on the DS. The PTS demonstrated sites of disease not evident in the DS in 16 cases. Conclusions The biodistribution of 131I-MIBG is different using therapeutic doses as compared to pre-therapy doses. 131I-MIBG imaging following high therapeutic doses often reveals sites of occult metastatic disease that may be clinically relevant. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
How do changes in pain severity levels correspond to changes in health status and function in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy

The current analysis compares changes in pain with changes in function and health status in individuals with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The post hoc analysis is based on a 12week, multinational, placebo-controlled trial of pregabalin in which 401 patients were randomized to treatment. Study measures included the Brief Pain Inventory short-form (BPI-sf), EQ-5D and other patient-reported outcomes. Cutpoints were derived on the BPI-sf 0-10 average pain numeric rating scale [NRS] to classify pain grades of "mild" (1-3), moderate (4-6) and severe (7-10), adjusting for geographical regions where data were collected. Two different metrics were used to classify the importance of change in pain severity from baseline to 12weeks: changes in pain severity grades (defined by cutpoint categories) and percent reduction in the NRS (categories ranging from 0-9% to 50%). An improvement in one pain grade or a 30% reduction in the NRS served as determinants of a clinically important difference. Patients with a one-grade reduction in pain severity, either from "severe-to-moderate" or "moderate-to-mild," had a 3-point improvement the BPI-sf Pain Interference Index (PII; a composite measure of function); a reduction from "severe-to-mild" pain corresponded to a 6-point improvement in the PII. Similarly, a reduction in the NRS of 30% and 50% corresponded to a 3-point and a 5-point improvement in the PII, respectively. Changes in pain were also associated with changes in health status. Results suggest that patients whose pain is not reduced to a mild level of severity can still experience clinically important changes in function and health status.