cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increasing the perceptual salience of relationships in parallel coordinate plots

We present three extensions to parallel coordinates that increase the perceptual salience of relationships between axes in multivariate data sets: (1) luminance modulation maintains the ability to preattentively detect patterns in the presence of overplotting, (2) adding a one-vs.-all variable display highlights relationships between one variable and all others, and (3) adding a scatter plot within the parallel-coordinates display preattentively highlights clusters and spatial layouts without strongly interfering with the parallel-coordinates display. These techniques can be combined with one another and with existing extensions to parallel coordinates, and two of them generalize beyond cases with known-important axes. We applied these techniques to two real-world data sets (relativistic heavy-ion collision hydrodynamics and weather observations with statistical principal component analysis) as well as the popular car data set. We present relationships discovered in the data sets using these methods.
β-Amyloid Fibril Structures, In Vitro and In Vivo

Since 1998, a great deal of progress has been made towards determining and understanding the molecular structures of amyloid fibrils, including fibrils formed by the β-amyloid peptide that is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Much of this progress has resulted from solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, which provide experimental constraints on molecular conformations and interatomic distances without requiring solubility or crystallinity. In general, amyloid fibrils are polymorphic, meaning that fibrils formed by a given peptide or protein can have multiple, distinct molecular structures, depending on the precise conditions under which the fibrils grow. From solid state NMR, electron microscopy, and other measurements, we have developed two detailed molecular structural models for fibrils formed by the 40-residue wild-type β-amyloid (Aβ1–40) peptide. These two Aβ1–40 fibril polymorphs share a common, parallel β-sheet organization and contain similar peptide conformations but differ in overall symmetry and in other structural aspects. We have also identified and characterized a surprising antiparallel β-sheet structure in metastable fibrils formed by a disease-associated mutant, D23N-Aβ1–40, which reveals how similar sets of interactions can stabilize both parallel and antiparallel β-sheets within amyloid fibrils. We are currently extending our structural studies to β-amyloid fibrils that develop in human brain tissue, with the goal of testing whether variations in fibril structure correlate with variations in severity, progression rate, or other characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease.
Chemical and Biological Warfare.

Why should the world be more averse to chemical and biological warfare (CBW) than to other forms of war, repeatedly attempting to ban such warfare by means of international law? Is there some objective difference between poison gas or plague bacilli on one hand, and steel bullets, or B-52 high explosive bombs, or nuclear weapons on the other? Or does CBW instead illustrate the faddishness and superficiality of disarmament campaigns in general? The Allied Powers after 1919 may indeed have condemned chemical warfare simply to reinforce the impression that Germany was morally culpable in World War I. The Germans supposedly had initiated the use of gas warfare (although the "first use" here might really have to be pinned on France instead); if Germans had used such weapons first, such use must have been evil. Perhaps instead the aversion to gas reflected the horrors of such warfare for the soldier exposed to it, although casualty statistics suggest that fewer soldiers died or were permanently maimed after being incapacitated by gas, as compared with those stricken by other means. Perhaps instead the techniques of chemistry and biology have seemed unclean and unmanly, the products of "odd-ball" scientists ensconced in laboratories, reflecting perverted scientific ingenuity rather than the bravery of cold steel. The
Reaction π + d → π + π + π − d at 15 GeV/ c

About 1800 events of the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}d$ have been obtained from 387 000 photographs of the SLAC 82-in. bubble chamber corresponding to a 495 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 25 \ensuremath{\mu}b cross section. The increasing cross section of this reaction with beam momentum is explained in terms of minimum momentum-transfer cutoff. The ${D}^{*}(2200)$ is observed as both $d{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and $d{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mass peaks. The ${A}_{1}({\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})$ is consistent with a Deck-type mechanism. The ${A}_{3}({f}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})$ is also observed, but the ${A}_{4}$ peak recently claimed is not seen in these data. There is no statistically significant $3\ensuremath{\pi}$ mass enhancement at the ${A}_{2}$ region, but indirect evidence indicates some ${A}_{2}$ production.
How to Construct a Regular Polygon

(1978). How to Construct a Regular Polygon. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 85, No. 3, pp. 186-188.
Effects of d-amphetamine on plasma and tissue electrolyte concentrations of aggregated and of hyperthyroid mice.

SummaryThe enhanced toxicity of damphetamine in aggregated and in hyperthyroid mice is accompanied by similar changes in tissue electrolyte concentrations. These changes include an increase in the sodium and a decrease in the potassium contents of liver and kidney and a decrease in the sodium and an increase in the potassium concentrations in the plasma.
Laparoscopic removal of migrated intrauterine device embedded in intestine.

INTRODUCTION The intrauterine device (IUD) is a popular family planning method worldwide. Some of the complications associated with insertion of an IUD are well described in the literature. The frequency of IUD perforation is estimated to be between 0.05 and 13 per 1000 insertions. There are many reports of migrated intrauterine devices, but far fewer reports of IUDs which have penetrated into the small intestine. CASE DESCRIPTION Herein we report a case of perforated intrauterine device embedded in the small intestine. By using a wound protector retraction device, and fashioning the anastomosis extra-corporeally, we were able to more easily perform this laparoscopically. This left the patient with a quicker recovery, and a better cosmetic result. DISCUSSION IUD perforation into the peritoneal cavity is a known complication, and necessitates close follow-up. Most, if not all, should be removed at the time of diagnosis. In the majority of previously reported cases, removal was done through laparotomy. Even in cases where removal was attempted laparoscopically, many were later converted to laparotomy. Surgeons should be aware of different techniques, including using a wound protector retraction device, in order to facilitate laparoscopic removal.
American Atomic Strategy and the Hydrogen Bomb Decision

On January 31, 1950, President Harry S. Truman announced that he had "directed the Atomic Energy Commission to continue its work on all forms of atomic weapons, including the so-called hydrogen or super-bomb." Truman's action, which ended three months of top secret study and debate, came after Secretary of State Dean Acheson, Secretary of Defense Louis Johnson, and Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Chairman David E. Lilienthal, acting as a special committee of the National Security Council (NSC), recommended that steps be taken to determine whether a hydrogen bomb could be built. Twentyfour days later, Johnson, acting on the "most urgent" recommendation of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), requested "immediate implementation of all-out development of hydrogen bombs and means for their production and delivery."1 The NSC special committee, now including Commissioner Henry D. Smyth in place of Lilienthal who had retired, responded on March 9 that the thermonuclear weapon program was "a matter of the highest urgency." They recommended that the president approve weapons' testing and ordnance and carrier development programs; instruct the AEC to continue to prepare for quantity production of thermonuclear weapons in order to avoid delays once feasibility was determined; and require the AEC and defense department to report as soon as possible on plans for production of materials needed for thermonuclear weapons. The president approved the committee's report on March 10.2
Young Originals: Emily Wilkens and the Teen Sophisticate

During the twentieth century, the “teenager” has been known by other designations, including the flapper or the sub-deb, and even the word “teen” was used prior to the mid-twentieth century. Yet, t...
Modeling and prediction of large-scale temporal variation in underwater acoustic channels

Adaptive operation in underwater acoustic networks relies on channel prediction. This work models and predicts the large-scale variation of underwater acoustic channels by taking the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a quality indicator, which is defined as the received SNR with a unit transmission power. The channel SNR process is modeled as a summation of an environment process which can be represented as a linear combination of a set of measurable environment parameters, and a Markov latent process that accounts for the contribution from unknown or unmeasurable physical mechanisms. Based on historical SNR measurements and available environment parameters, a recursive algorithm is developed to estimate the latent process and the combinational coefficients of environment parameters, which are then used for channel prediction. The algorithm is further extended to seasonal channels, where both a sequential channel prediction algorithm and a joint channel prediction algorithm are developed. The proposed channel model and prediction algorithms are validated via extensive simulations and experimental data analyses.
Will you help me to suffer less? How about to feel more joy? Positive and negative empathy are associated with different other-oriented motivations ☆ ☆☆

Abstract Although the vast majority of existing work on empathy focuses exclusively on the socio-emotional consequences of empathizing with others' negative emotions, mounting evidence supports the view that empathy for others' negative emotions and empathy for others' positive emotions are distinct capacities. The present work seeks to marry this burgeoning literature on the separability of positive and negative empathy to the influential literature on approach and avoidance motivation by examining how these two distinct empathic capacities relate to the (pro)social motivations to assist others to approach positivity vs. avoid negativity. The results of two studies show that whereas positive empathy is associated with an other-focused motivation to assist others to approach positive outcomes and is predictive of helping only when that help is framed as a means of propelling others toward greater positivity, negative empathy is associated with an other-focused motivation to assist others to avoid negative outcomes and is associated with helping only when that help is framed as a means of assisting others to avoid further suffering. In addition to contributing to the emerging literature on the separability of positive and negative empathy, these results also help to extend the influential approach/avoidance distinction to the domain of other-focused motivation.
Low cost surface awareness technology and field demonstration

Advanced surface surveillance capabilities have been shown to dramatically improve surface safety and aid in situation awareness, but these capabilities cannot be economically justified for small and medium airports. The MITRE Corporation has developed a concept for Low Cost Surface Awareness, built upon the use of commercial-off-the-shelf infrared cameras, computer vision processing, and georeferencing algorithms. The end-to-end solution was prototyped and demonstrated at Teterboro Airport. The demonstration revealed that aircraft and airport operations vehicles can be located on the airport surface with less than 35 feet error.
Mast Cells and Tumor Progression.

Abstract Abstract SCI-33 Interactions between tumorigenic cells and their surrounding microenvironment are critical for tumor progression yet remain incompletely understood. Germline mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common genetic disorder characterized by complex tumors called neurofibromas. Neurofibromas form in association with peripheral nerves and are composed of Schwann cells, blood vessels, fibroblasts and degranulating mast cells. Genetic studies in engineered mice indicate that biallelic loss of Nf1 is required in the tumorigenic cell of origin in the embryonic Schwann cell lineage. However, in the physiologic state, Schwann cell loss of heterozygosity is not sufficient for neurofibroma formation in a genetically engineered murine model and Nf1 haploinsufficiency in at least one additional nonneoplastic lineage is required for tumor progression. Recent studies in our group have focused on evaluating the role of bone marrow-derived cells, and particularly mast cells, in the tumor microenvironment. Previous work by our group established that human and murine Nf1 deficient Schwann cells secrete high concentrations of kit-ligand. Kit-ligand has a central role in multiple mast cell functions including chemotaxis, proliferation and degranulation. In a series of bone marrow transplantation studies, we established that Nf1 haploinsufficiency in bone marrow is sufficient to allow neurofibroma progression in the context of Schwann cell Nf1 deficiency. Further, genetic or pharmacologic attenuation of c-kit signaling diminishes neurofibroma initiation and progression. Collectively, the studies implicate mast cells as active participants in tumor formation and identify therapeutic targets for human phase 1-2 clinical trials. Disclosures Off Label Use: The drug imatinib mesylate was used to treat plexiform neurofibromas in genetically engineered mice, in a child with a plexiform neurofibroma, and it is currently being tested in a phase 2 clinical trial.
Understanding how shared expectations can shape reality: an examination of the underlying mechanisms in the accumulation of perceptual bias effects

This research examined the underlying mechanisms in the accumulation of perceptual bias effects within the context of a criminal investigation. Biased assimilation processes, including the tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information in a manner consistent with one’s expectation, and perceived consensus were proposed as potential mediators of accumulation. Two experiments tested this proposition by manipulating perceivers’ expectations about a fabricated target’s guilt and their interaction with another person. Results from Experiment 1 indicated that perceptual bias effects accumulated across those perceivers who reported having similar beliefs with another person’s written statement. These perceivers reported more extreme beliefs about the suspect’s guilt in a direction consistent with their initial expectation than those who either did not perceive consensus with another person’s written statement or who were not exposed to information from another person. There was no evidence to indicate biased seeking tendencies mediated this effect; however, there was support for biased interpretation and some support for biased recall tendencies as mediators of accumulation. In contrast to Experiment 1, the results from Experiment 2 indicated that perceptual bias effects were not accumulating across perceivers. Perceivers who worked in pairs did not report more extreme beliefs about the suspect’s guilt than those who worked alone. Although perceivers’ sought, interpreted, and remembered information in a manner consistent with their expectations, they did not do so to a greater extent when working with someone who shared their beliefs about the suspect’s guilt than when working alone. In addition, the majority of perceivers perceived consensus even in situations in which they worked with someone who was given a dissimilar expectation about the suspect’s guilt. The inconsistent findings across the two experiments are discussed in
Early Child Disaster Mental Health Interventions: A Review of the Empirical Evidence

The need to establish an evidence base for early child disaster interventions has been long recognized. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the empirical research on early disaster mental health interventions delivered to children within the first 3 months post event. Characteristics and findings of the included studies were summarized in frequency tables. The long-term effect of the interventions was evaluated using the findings at follow-up assessments. Eleven empirical studies examining 16 interventions delivered to children within 3 months post disaster were identified for review. The studies included only four randomized controlled trials. The studies examined a range of intervention types (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative exposure, meditation relaxation, debriefing, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) and reported positive effects for various outcomes including posttraumatic stress disorder caseness and posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, anxiety, and functioning. Reflecting the difficulty mounting services and conducting research in the early post-disaster phase, this descriptive analysis of the research on early child disaster mental health interventions revealed a dearth of studies but also the successful implementation of a number of interventions.
Updates to a 13 C metabolic flux analysis model for evaluating energy metabolism in cultured cerebellar granule neurons from neonatal rats.

A hexose phosphate recycling model previously developed to infer fluxes through the major glucose consuming pathways in cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from neonatal rats metabolizing [1,2-13C2]glucose was revised by considering reverse flux through the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and symmetrical succinate oxidation within the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The model adjusts three flux ratios to effect 13C distribution in the hexose, pentose, and triose phosphate pools, and in TCA cycle malate to minimize the error between predicted and measured 13C labeling in exported lactate (i.e., unlabeled, single-, double-, and triple-labeled; M, M1, M2, and M3, respectively). Inclusion of reverse non-oxidative PPP flux substantially increased the number of calculations but ultimately had relatively minor effects on the labeling of glycolytic metabolites. From the error-minimized solution in which the predicted M-M3 lactate differed by 0.49% from that measured by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, the neurons exhibited negligible forward non-oxidative PPP flux. Thus, no glucose was used by the pentose cycle despite explicit consideration of hexose phosphate recycling. Mitochondria consumed only 16% of glucose while 45% was exported as lactate by aerobic glycolysis. The remaining 39% of glucose was shunted to pentose phosphates presumably for de novo nucleotide synthesis, but the proportion metabolized through the oxidative PPP vs. the reverse non-oxidative PPP could not be determined. The lactate exported as M1 (2.5%) and M3 (1.2%) was attributed to malic enzyme, which was responsible for 7.8% of pyruvate production (vs. 92.2% by glycolysis). The updated model is more broadly applicable to different cell types by considering bi-directional flux through the non-oxidative PPP. Its application to cultured neurons utilizing glucose as the sole exogenous substrate has demonstrated substantial oxygen-independent glucose utilization by aerobic glycolysis as well as the oxidative PPP and/or reverse non-oxidative PPP, but negligible glucose consumption by the pentose cycle.
An exploratory assessment of weight loss videos on YouTube

Abstract Objective To describe the variation in contents between different video sources on YouTube™ regarding weight loss. Study Design The 100 most widely viewed weight loss videos on YouTube™ were selected for manual coding. Methods Videos were manually coded based on sources and contents, we also identify themes for each of the videos. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess difference in contents between videos from different sources. Results After excluding two videos, a sample of 98 videos remained. Among them, there were 74 consumer-generated videos, 12 news videos, and 12 from commercial television and companies. Collectively, the 98 videos were viewed more than 365 million times. The odds of mentioning ongoing lifestyle that includes long-term changes in daily eating was 90% less in commercial and company videos compared to consumer videos (odds ratio [OR] = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.85, P = 0.03). The odds of showing a female talking in the video about weight loss was 81% less in news videos compared to consumer videos (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.68, P = 0.01). In addition, commercial and company videos were found to be 18 times as likely to carry a theme on workout as consumer videos (OR = 18.13, 95% CI 3.60–91.22, P Conclusion Public health professionals need to be more creative to make their videos popular if they want to reach a wide audience.
Valuation issues in an urban recreational fishery: spring chinook salmon in Portland, Oregon.

The contingent valuation method (CVM), using a payment card format, is applied to recreational demand for spring chinook salmon fishing in the greater Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. A two-limi...
Characterization of the concentration-response curve for ambient ozone and acute respiratory morbidity in 5 US cities

Although short-term exposure to ambient ozone (O3) can cause poor respiratory health outcomes, the shape of the concentration-response (C-R) between O3 and respiratory morbidity has not been widely investigated. We estimated the effect of daily O3 on emergency department (ED) visits for selected respiratory outcomes in 5 US cities under various model assumptions and assessed model fit. Population-weighted average 8-h maximum O3 concentrations were estimated in each city. Individual-level data on ED visits were obtained from hospitals or hospital associations. Poisson log-linear models were used to estimate city-specific associations between the daily number of respiratory ED visits and 3-day moving average O3 levels controlling for long-term trends and meteorology. Linear, linear-threshold, quadratic, cubic, categorical, and cubic spline O3 C-R models were considered. Using linear C-R models, O3 was significantly and positively associated with respiratory ED visits in each city with rate ratios of 1.02–1.07 per 25 ppb. Models suggested that O3-ED C-R shapes were linear until O3 concentrations of roughly 60 ppb at which point risk continued to increase linearly in some cities for certain outcomes while risk flattened in others. Assessing C-R shape is necessary to identify the most appropriate form of the exposure for each given study setting.
Literature and Anarchism

Anarchism contributed conceptual, thematic, and topical contents to literature—likewise, literature contributed to anarchism as a political philosophy and practice. This chapter covers Romantic through contemporary literature emphasising English-language traditions in Europe and North America since 1790. It covers anarchist authors, such as William Godwin through to George Woodcock, as well as authors who integrated anarchist thought into literary works, like Percy Shelley, Oscar Wilde, James Joyce, John Cowper Powys, Henry Miller, Herbert Read, Robert Duncan, Jackson Mac Low, and Kathy Acker. Anarchist literary movements are included distinct from individual participants, such as the New Apocalypse and the San Francisco Renaissance, as well as non-Anglophone international literary traditions. The chapter covers authors whose depictions of anarchism shaped popular consciousness, primarily Joseph Conrad and G. K. Chesterton. The chapter also covers popular genre writing, including works by Ursula K. Le Guin, Michael Moorcock, Starhawk, and Alan Moore. How these authors, movements, and works diverge from Marxist and liberal literary traditions is discussed, including conflicts within literary criticism and literary theory. In addition to the historical relationships between anarchism and literature, the chapter considers how thematic, formal, structural, and stylistic innovations in literature relate to anarchism.
Deep Learning Approach to Human Osteosarcoma Cell Detection and Classification

The early diagnosis of a cancer type is a fundamental goal in cancer treatment, as it can facilitate the subsequent clinical management of patients. The leading importance of classifying cancer patients into high or low risk groups has led many research teams, both from biomedical and bioinformatics field, to study the application of Deep Learning (DL) methods. The ability of DL tools to detect key features from complex datasets is a fundamental achievement in early diagnosis and cell cancer progression. In this paper, we apply DL approach to classification of osteosarcoma cells. Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer occurring prevalently in children or young adults. Glass slides of different cell populations were cultured from Mesenchimal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and differentiated in healthy bone cells (osteoblasts) or osteosarcoma cells. Images of such samples are recorded with an optical microscope. DL is then applied to identify and classify single cells. The results show a classification accuracy of 0.97. The next step is the application of our DL approach to tissue in order to improve digital histopathology.
The evolving role of lymphadenectomy for bladder cancer: why, when, and how

Radical cystectomy (RC) represents a standard treatment for non-metastatic muscle-invasive and select high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Lymphadenectomy performed at time of RC identifies nodal metastases in up to 25% of patients despite normal imaging. There has been an increasing utilization of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) with RC since 1950, and in fact lymph node dissection is now recommended in contemporary National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Benefits of removing of nodal disease include improved staging, guidance for adjuvant treatment, and potentially improved oncologic outcomes. Advantages of dissection have been suggested among both node-negative and node-positive patients. Numerous studies have attempted to define the optimal dissection characteristics of lymphadenectomy with regard to nodal yield and anatomic boundaries of dissection. The ideal extent of lymphadenectomy remains uncertain due to the retrospective and non-randomized nature of the majority of existing reports, which are thereby limited by significant confounding and selection bias. Two randomized controlled trials have investigated this issue, one of which LEA AUO AB 25/02 recently reported its outcomes, demonstrating no significant improvement in 5-year outcomes with an extended dissection. Meanwhile, the Southwest Oncology Group 1011 trial has completed enrollment and data are maturing. While current data preclude definitive recommendations, herein we review the why, when, and how to perform a PLND for bladder cancer.
The Impact of State Firearm Laws on Homicide Rates in Suburban and Rural Areas Compared to Large Cities in the United States, 1991-2016.

Purpose This article aims to examine whether state firearm laws impact homicide rates differently in suburban and rural areas compared to large cities in the United States. Methods We analyzed serial, cross-sectional data for the 26-year period 1991-2016 using a panel design. We examined the relationship between 6 specific state firearm laws and homicide rates in large cities (those with greater than 100,000 people in 1990) and in all geographic areas outside of these cities. Using a city-level fixed effects negative binomial regression, we modeled the number of homicides as a function of state firearm laws, while controlling for time fixed effects and time-varying state- and city-level sociodemographic factors. Findings Two policies-universal background checks and "may issue" laws that required a heightened showing of suitability for concealed carry-were associated with lower firearm homicide rates in large cities but were not associated with firearm homicide rates in suburban and rural areas. In contrast, laws that prohibited gun possession by people convicted of a violent misdemeanor were associated with lower firearm homicide rates in suburban and rural areas, but were not associated with firearm homicide rates in large cities. Permit requirements were associated with lower firearm homicide rates in both large cities and suburban and rural areas. Conclusions This article provides the first evidence that state firearm laws may have a differential impact on firearm homicide rates in suburban and rural areas compared to urban areas in the United States.
Assessing L2 Pragmatics: Issues and Considerations

Once considered separate and discrete knowledge components, current theoretical and methodological perspectives now view second language (L2) proficiency as a dynamic, cognitive process comprised of several interacting knowledge components and abilities. Theoretical definitions tend to attribute L2 proficiency to two main components. First, the general consensus among L2 assessment researchers is that L2 users leverage their knowledge of the formal and organizational structures of language (i.e., syntax, lexis, and phonology) to comprehend and formulate cohesive discourse. However, pragmatic knowledge, which is responsible for shaping the manner in which these formal structures are comprehended and produced in relation to the context in which they occur, has been more difficult to define and operationalize. This discussion will examine evolving research in the assessment of L2 pragmatic knowledge and indicate gaps between contemporary theoretical definitions, operationalization, and measurement methods.
Commissioning and Evaluation of a Third-Party 6 Degrees-of-Freedom Couch Used in Radiotherapy.

Purposes:The newly released Protura 6 degrees-of-freedom couch (CIVCO) has limited quality assurance protocols and pertinent publications. Herein, we report our experiences of the Protura system ac...
Harold Cecil Edey: A Collection of Unpublished Material from a 20th Century Accounting Reformer

Harold Cecil Edey (1913–2007) and his colleagues David Solomons (1912–1995) and William T. Baxter (1907–2006) at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) were instrumental in the development of British accounting thought in the mid-1900s. These three affluent scholars influenced a generation of students who came to populate the British accounting profession and academia to the point where, in the early 1970s, half of all full-time accounting professors in the United Kingdom were LSE alumni. Edey’s role in these developments, however, remains relatively underappreciated. This edited volume contains 13 of Edey’s unpublished manuscripts written during the heyday of the LSE Triumvirate. These manuscripts address issues of accounting education, measurements, and theory, and they are accompanied by editorial comments that put the material in its historical context. The volume also contains an aide-memoire of Edey’s professional activities and a complete bibliography of his published work. The material offers new insight into Edey’s contribution to the British accounting profession, and developments at the LSE, during a critical period of academic expansion and struggle to address the problem of accounting for rising inflation. The material is of value to anyone interested in the development of accounting thought.
Practice patterns in the use of completion imaging after carotid endarterectomy

Abstract Background The use of intraoperative completion imaging (completion carotid duplex ultrasound or angiography) to confirm the technical adequacy of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) remains a matter of controversy. The purpose of this study was to describe vascular surgeons' practice patterns in the use of completion imaging after CEA and to study the association between completion imaging and postoperative stroke/death and high-grade restenosis (>70%). Methods Patients who underwent CEA without concomitant procedures in the Vascular Quality Initiative database between 2003 and 2018 were included. Surgeons' practice patterns were defined on the basis of the distribution of completion imaging use among annual CEA cases per surgeon. Multivariable and Cox proportional hazards models were used to study the association between different practice patterns of completion imaging and perioperative and 1-year outcomes after CEA. Results Of 98,055 CEA cases, 26,716 (27.3%) were performed with completion imaging. Compared with cases in which completion imaging was not performed, completion imaging was associated with increased rates of immediate re-exploration (3.5% vs 0.9%; odds ratio [OR], 3.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.74-5.38; P Conclusions The performance of selective or routine completion imaging during CEA is safe and is not associated with increased adverse events compared with not using intraoperative completion imaging. However, rarely performing completion imaging is associated with a significant increase in the odds of perioperative stroke/death and RTOR, possibly because of unnecessary re-exploration for minor defects. The operator's experience and establishing a criterion for fixing residual defects are important to avoid unnecessary re-exploration.
A New Direction for Library Technical Services: Using Metadata Skills to Improve User Accessibility

An increased awareness about the importance of resource accessibility for all library users has set the stage for transforming traditional cataloger roles into a new realm of possibility. The Acqui...
We Don't Talk about It: Cancer Pain and American Indian Survivors

Pain is a common symptom among cancer survivors, yet is rarely talked about by American Indians. Understanding the reasons for reduced communication by American Indian cancer survivors is important for healthcare providers, family members, and others providing treatment and support for cancer symptoms. Thirteen focus groups with Southwest American Indian adult cancer survivors were audiotaped and transcribed as part of a randomized intervention to remove barriers to cancer symptom management. Constant comparative methods were employed in the data analysis, topic categories were grouped for comparison, and final assessment followed Grounded Theory methods. Findings were categorized into two major groupings: communication with family members and communication with health care providers. Within these two groupings, three themes emerged to describe cancer pain experiences and communication barriers: (1) We don't talk about it, (2) Respect for healthcare providers; and (3) Culturally prohibitive topics on death and pain experiences. Not talking about their cancer diagnosis and cancer-related pain leaves many American Indian cancer survivors without much-needed social support, contributing to reduced treatment compliance and access to healthcare. Findings have implications for educational interventions and quality of life improvement for American Indian and other underrepresented communities.
Selective Detection of Ethylene using a Fiber-Optic Guided Mode Resonance Device: In-Field Crop/Fruit Diagnostics

We demonstrate a first-of-its-kind heater-integrated fiber optic sensor utilizing guided mode resonance and coated it with a copper complex-1 coating for selective detection of gaseous ethylene, that provides a sensitivity of 20 pm/ppm for ethylene.
Les Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle-Angleterre en 2020

Dans le cadre du recensement effectue par le gouvernement federal des Etats-Unis en cette annee 2020, l’auteur examine l’etat actuel des Franco-Americains de la Nouvelle-Angleterre en comparant divers aspects de leur vie et de leur culture d’aujourd’hui avec ceux du passe : la langue francaise, les Petits Canadas, l’eglise, l’ecole paroissiale, les organisations, la presse, les medias electroniques et la litterature. De plus, il offre ses reflexions personnelles sur sa propre famille, son education et sa carriere en fonction de son role comme militant franco-americain. Ni pessimiste, ni optimiste, mais realiste convaincu, il avoue que, malgre d’enormes pertes au cours des generations, il reste une forte minorite de Franco-Americains voues au maintien de leur langue ancestrale et de leur culture.
Surface molding of multi-stimuli-responsive microgel actuators

The fabrication of soft hydrogel actuators that rapidly respond to multiple stimuli in ambient environments is a challenge. This article describes a method—based on surface molding—to generate multi-stimuli-responsive soft actuators consisting of arrays of geometrically patterned hydrogels on elastomeric supports. The stimuli-responsive properties of these actuators were derived from functional fillers that were added directly to the prepolymer or synthesized within the gels using simple reactions. These actuators respond rapidly and can be rationally controlled by a variety of stimuli, including humidity, magnetic fields, or light, depending on the filler type. The reported fabrication strategies will be useful to the design and production of “programmable” soft actuator systems useful to, for example, soft robotics.
Mental health first aid training for Extension agents in rural communities.

OBJECTIVE The goal of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) in broadening the network of gatekeepers in rural communities. METHOD Extension agents in Mississippi who completed MHFA training were recruited via email to participate in a 22-item, web-based, quantitative and qualitative, six-month follow-up survey that measured demographic characteristics, which MHFA skills agents used post-training, barriers to skill use, and confidence in ability to use those skills (n = 80). RESULTS Over 60% of the agents reported using the skills learned from the MHFA training, and nearly 15% of agents reported having an encounter with someone in crisis since completing the MHFA training. Agent participants reported using the skills learned from the training with farmers, 4-H youth, volunteers, and parents, family members, colleagues, and friends. One agent commented that the training, "has been very helpful in speaking with various people and has increased confidence when encountering someone with mental health challenges." CONCLUSION MHFA trainings appear to increase the confidence and competence of Extension agents as community gatekeepers and may greatly enhance the reach of the mental health network of rural areas by increasing identification and referral of those requiring mental health services.
Architecture for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Therapists

Objectives:The objective of this study is to identify an architectural design framework that can be applied to create adaptable, transformative therapy rooms that benefit children with autism and t...
A critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates

The study of microstructure evolution in additive manufacturing of metals would be aided by knowing the thermal history. Since temperature measurements beneath the surface are difficult, estimates are obtained from computational thermo-mechanical models calibrated against traces left in the sample revealed after etching, such as the trace of the melt pool boundary. Here we examine the question of how reliable thermal histories computed from a model that reproduces the melt pool trace are. To this end, we perform experiments in which one of two different laser beams moves with constant velocity and power over a substrate of 17-4PH SS or Ti-6Al-4V, with low enough power to avoid generating a keyhole. We find that thermal histories appear to be reliably computed provided that (a) the power density distribution of the laser beam over the substrate is well characterized, and (b) convective heat transport effects are accounted for. Poor control of the laser beam leads to potentially multiple three-dimensional melt pool shapes compatible with the melt pool trace, and therefore to multiple potential thermal histories. Ignoring convective effects leads to results that are inconsistent with experiments, even for the mild melt pools here.
Turbulence-driven flow dynamics in general axisymmetric toroidal geometry

This work gives the equations governing the generation of toroidally axisymmetric flows by turbulent Reynolds and Maxwell stresses in finite aspect ratio, general cross section tokamak plasmas. Inclusion of the divergence-free flow constraint in the lowest order changes the timescale for evolution of the poloidal flows driven by turbulence by substantial factors. In the pedestal region for the present-day machines, as compared to earlier cylindrical models, the timescale evaluated using a large aspect ratio circular cross section model can be two orders of magnitude longer, while the present, general geometry result can be about one order of magnitude longer. Inclusion of gyroviscosity in the calculation shows that the only lowest order radial velocity fluctuations that enter the problem are those due to fluctuating E × B flows. Toroidal and poloidal flow effects on the toroidally axisymmetric flows are inextricably coupled due to the neoclassical poloidal viscosity. Accordingly, the physics is inherently three dimensional and measurements of all three-velocity components are required to obtain the information needed to quantitatively test the theory. The parallel and angular momentum equations for the lowest order, toroidally axisymmetric flows look like radial transport equations when the turbulence is included. The turbulence terms provide the radial transport fluxes. In standard neoclassical theory, the parallel flow equation is local on each flux surface; there is no radial derivative term. However, adding turbulence gives a way, in principle, for radial transport to lead to poloidal flows that deviate from the neoclassical prediction. The inclusion of the Maxwell stress provides a mechanism for MHD fluctuations to alter the toroidally axisymmetric flows.
Steroid Sulfatase in the Mouse NIH-3T3 Fibroblast Cell Line: Characterization, and Downregulation by Glucocorticoids.

Abstract Steroid hormones often circulate in the blood as inactive sulfated forms, such as estrone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS) converts these steroids into active forms, mainly estrogens, in peripheral tissues. We have previously characterized STS activity in human and mouse breast and bone tissues, and we have shown that STS can provide estrogens to these tissues from circulating sulfated precursors. This study was designed to characterize STS activity in a mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH-3T3). Using a radioactive estrone sulfate (E1S) conversion assay, we detected STS activity in cultured NIH-3T3 cells. This activity was blocked by the STS inhibitors EMATE and STX-64, indicating authentic STS activity. We also found that microsomes prepared from NIH-3T3 cells had relatively high STS activity and that cytosols had low activity, consistent with the known distribution of this enzyme to the endoplasmic reticulum. Michaelis-Menten analysis of the NIH-3T3 microsomes indicated a Km of 10.9 µM using E1S as substrate. Primary fibroblasts prepared from mouse ears and tails also had measurable STS activity, as indicated by 3H-E1S conversion assay, further supporting the conclusion that fibroblasts possess STS. Furthermore, Western blotting confirmed the presence of immunoreactive STS in NIH-3T3 microsomes. With regard to regulation, treatments of cultured NIH-3T3 cells revealed that cortisol and the synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone and prednisolone decreased STS activity, as we have found for cell lines from other tissues. The effect of cortisol was seen at both 10 µM and 1.0 µM but not at 0.1 µM. Western blotting also indicated a decrease in STS immunoreactivity in cortisol-treated microsomes. The reduction in STS activity by dexamethasone in whole cells was reversed by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-486, indicating that glucocorticoid downregulation of STS activity is receptor mediated. An inhibition assay on NIH-3T3 microsomes revealed that STS activity was inhibited significantly by 10 µM estradiol-17β, a known substrate inhibitor of E1S for STS, but not by 10 µM cortisol. This is consistent with the idea that cortisol inhibits STS in NIH-3T3 cells through a regulatory mechanism rather than by substrate inhibition. Our results could have important implications regarding local estrogen production by STS in fibroblasts, which are the most common connective tissue cells in the body, and on possible regulation of local estrogen levels by cortisol.
Blotting and Immunostaining of Multiple Antigenic Peptides

Multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs) behave like small-molecular-weight proteins. MAPs contain a seven-lysine core with end groups for attaching multiple copies of the same synthetic peptide. MAPs have been used traditionally in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), where they have been used as the antigen to coat plates. We show that MAPs can be separated efficiently on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, one can transfer the separated MAPs to the nitrocellulose membrane for immunoblotting. MAPs also lend themselves to staining with Coomassie and silver on SDS polyacrylamide gels as well as by fast green on a blotted nitrocellulose membrane. They can be used for analysis on an immunoblot as they behave like low-molecular-weight proteins. Affinity immunoblotting for studying antibody clonotype distribution has also been done with these peptides.
Multilayer optical storage using low-coherence reflectometry

Summary form only given. Optical coherence domain reflectometry (OCDR) is capable of high-resolution imaging inside partially transparent media. Its high sensitivity with good lateral and depth resolution make this technique an excellent candidate for reading optical data stored in closely packed layers. Because diffraction-limited imaging of local regions is used (as opposed to volumetric holography), much of the existing single-layer, direct-detection optical storage technology can be directly adapted.