cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expectations of hospitalized cancer and cardiac patients regarding the medical and psychotherapeutic benefits of music therapy

Abstract Cancer and cardiac patients were surveyed to determine if their expectations regarding the potential medical and psychotherapeutic benefits of music therapy and the relative effectiveness of different musical activities and styles would vary according to diagnostic group, and musical background. A total of 182 patients participated, 55 with various forms of cancer, and 127 with various cardiac conditions. The mean age was 59.8 years. The results showed that their expectations varied in certain benefit areas, music activities, and musical styles, according to: whether the patient had cancer or a cardiac condition, whether the patient had received music therapy previously, and whether the patient had studied music previously. Implications are drawn for introducing music therapy to cancer and cardiac patients.
Build Cycle Time Reduction through Process Optimisation

Since establishing a low volume, high reliability surface mount technology (SMT) facility, a number of problems have been overcome as part of the learning experience. The tailoring of processes for a flexible assembly area brought to light a number of issues that traditional SMT facilities do not face. This paper describes the many processes optimised by the SMT facility team in becoming an on‐time, high reliability producer. The topics include the development of design standards, forming, tinning, stencil printing, and component placement. Several producibility enhancements are also described in a case‐study of a solder mask evaluation project. The paper describes the many process improvements implemented over the past few years.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Classroom-Based Social Interaction Interventions for Young Children with Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to assess teachers' judgments of the acceptability, feasibility, and current use of child specific, peer-mediated, and environmental arrangement intervention strategies for promoting social interaction skills of young children with disabilities. One hundred thirty-one teachers from five geographical areas participated in this study. Using the Social Interaction Program Features Questionnaire, these teachers reported that a high percentage of their students needed to acquire peer social interaction skills and that there was a moderate to great need for curricular or instructional materials. The overall mean ratings for the three types of intervention strategies were generally positive and did not differ significantly, suggesting that teachers found all three types of interventions acceptable and feasible. However, the range of item ratings for specific techniques within the broader classes of interventions suggested that certain procedures were relatively more or less acceptab...
Orphan enzyme or patriarch of a new tribe: the arsenic resistance ATPase of bacterial plasmids

Summary The plasmid-determined arsenite and antimonite efflux ATPase of bacteria differs from other membrane transport ATPases, which are classified into several families (such as the F0F1-type H+-translocating ATP synthases, the related vacuolar H+-translocating ATPases, the P-type cation-translocating ATPases, and the superfamily which includes the periplasmic binding-protein-dependent systems in Gram-negative bacteria, the human multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein, and the cystic fibrosis transport regulator). The amino acid sequences of the components of the arsenic resistance system are not similar to known ATPase proteins. New findings with the arsenic resistance operons of bacterial plasmids suggest that instead of being an orphan the Ars system will now be the first recognized member of a new class of ATPases. Furthermore, fundamental questions of energy-coupling (ATP-driven or chemiosmotic) have recently been raised and the finding that the arsC gene product is a soluble enzyme that reduces arsenate to arsenite changes the previous picture of the functioning of this widespread bacterial system.
Examining the Antecedents of Brand Loyalty from an Investment Model Perspective

The primary purpose of this study is to theoretically identify the key determinants of brand loyalty. Based on the investment model in social psychology, this article suggests that customers'attitudinal loyalty to a brand is weakened by the quality of alternative options but strengthened by their satisfaction with, and investment in, the brand. An online panel survey was conducted, and the data supported all hypothesized relationships. Collectively, satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and investment accounted for more than 74% of the variance in attitudinal loyalty. The findings suggest that the investment model may lend a theoretical foundation to the explanation of tourists'brand loyalty formation.
Purification of recombinant proteins from mammalian cell culture using a generic double-affinity chromatography scheme

Transient transfection of mammalian cells has proven to be a useful technique for the rapid production of recombinant proteins because of its ability to produce milligram quantities within 2 weeks following cloning of their corresponding cDNA. This rapid production also requires a fast and efficient purification scheme that can be applied generically, typically through the use of affinity tags such as the polyhistidine-tag for capture by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) or the Strep-tag II, which binds to the StrepTactin affinity ligand. However, one-step purification using either of these tags has disadvantages in terms of yield, elution conditions, and purity. Here, we show that the addition of both Strep-tag-II and (His)(8) to the C-terminal of r-proteins allows efficient purification by consecutive IMAC and StrepTactin affinity. This approach has been successfully demonstrated using the intracellular protein DsRed, as well as two secreted proteins, secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), all produced by transient transfection of HEK293-EBNA1 cells in medium supplemented with bovine calf serum. All proteins were purified to >99% homogeneity with yields varying from 29 to 81%.
Biosynthesis of Mycophenolic Acid: Purification and Characterization of S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine:Demethylmycophenolic Acid O-Methyltransferase

The final step in the biosynthesis of mycophenolic acid involves the transfer of a methyl group from S -adenosylmethionine to demethylmycophenolic acid. The enzyme, S -adenosylmethionine:demethylmycophenolic acid O -methyltransferase, was isolated from Penicillium stoloniferum and purified 2,700-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. Maximum enzyme activity was achieved at pH 7.5 and a temperature of 27 to 28 C. The apparent K m for demethylmycophenolic acid was 3.1 × 10 −6 M. The enzyme preparation was 50% inactivated when exposed to 33 C for 15 min. Mycophenolic acid, homocystine, S -adenosyl-homocysteine, ethanol, and Mg 2+ inhibited the methyltransferase. This enzyme appears to be subject to end product inhibition which may regulate the synthesis of mycophenolic acid. The methyltransferase activity was highest during the early phases of the fermentation.
Anti-inflammatory strategies for the treatment of sepsis.

Sepsis leads to an overwhelming inflammatory response of the host and is usually accompanied by well-known clinical symptoms (fever, tachycardia, leukocytosis, and so on) and the accompanying systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Accordingly, most efforts to develop treatment strategies for sepsis have focused on those designed to counteract overactivation of the inflammatory system. Despite intensive research into identifying targets in sepsis, most of the resulting clinical trials have been based on experimental data and have resulted in no beneficial effects (i.e., survival). Recombinant activated protein C (APC) represents the first treatment that has led to restricted approval for use in sepsis in the USA and worldwide. This article reviews approaches to anti-inflammatory treatment in sepsis and provides an outlook into ongoing clinical trials as well as new treatments that have not yet been evaluated in the clinical setting.
Pollen morphology of the three subgenera of Alnus

The three subgenera of alder (Alnusroman Clethropsis and Alnobetula) are taxonomically distinctive, but how does their pollen match up with their gross morphology? This study links pollen characters with the taxonomic divisions of the genus alder based on nrDNA ITS sequence data. The value of the study is in the breadth of the taxonomic coverage of the three subgenera, as the samples per species only range from 1 to 6. From 29 Alnus species, the authors studied pollen from 59 modern reference collections (prepared by acetolysis) and recorded the number and type of apertures (pores), thickness of the arci, pollen size and polar arci. Tallies of the number of pores on the pollen grains in a reference collection typically have a range of ± 1 or 2. Exceptions are presumed hybrid collections in Alnus rugosa with a range of ± 5, which have malformed pollen cells suggesting infertility. The presumed hybrids show a greater range of both pore number and size of pollen grains. The dominant pore number is a key feat...
Noise suppression digital filter for functional magnetic resonance imaging based on image reference data.

The central decision in every functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment is whether pixels in brain tissues are showing activation in response to neural stimulus or as a result of noise. Images are degraded not only by random (e.g., thermal) noise, but also by structured noise due to MR system characteristics, cardiac and respiratory pulsations, and patient motion. A novel digital filter has been developed to suppress cardiac and respiratory structured noise in fMRI images, using estimates of structured and random noise power spectra obtained directly from the images. It is an adaptive filter based on stationary noise statistics, and is equivalent in form to a Wiener filter. A mathematical model of the filtering process was developed to understand how the strength and distribution of structured and random noise power influenced filter performance. The filter was tested using images from an auditory activation study in ten subjects. In subjects whose structured noise power was localized to a relatively narrow frequency range, a strong relationship was found, both experimentally (R = 0.975, P < 0.0004 for H 0 : R = 0) and using the model, between filter performance and the level of structured noise power contaminating the experiment frequency. The filter significantly reduced the rate of false-positive activations in the subset of subjects whose experiment frequency was relatively heavily contaminated by structured noise. Notch filters, that simply eliminate unwanted frequencies, performed poorly in all subjects. Unlike the proposed Wiener filter, these filters did not suppress structured noise power at the experiment frequency that contributes to false-positive activations.
Capacity for a power controlled CDMA system with linear receivers

Capacity of networks with multiuser linear receivers together with efficient usage of the resources is analyzed in the uplink scenario of a single cell synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) system. The capacity of the system is the maximum number of users per unit processing gain admissible in the system such that each user has its quality-of-service (QoS) requirement (expressed in terms of its desired signal-to-interference ratio) met. We characterize the capacity of a single cell for both the optimal linear receiver (MMSE receiver) and the matched filter receiver structures. This characterization of capacity has a simple "effective bandwidth" interpretation.
Eating behavior: Social facilitation or social inhibition?

Contrary to the social facilitation studies group reared Ss eat less than singly reared Ss when (1) in a group cage, (2) when caged singly, and (3) when in activity cages. The social facilitation effect may be a product of a once a day feeding schedule as contrasted with the ad lib feeding of the present study.
A Description of the Gender Differences in Risk Behaviors in Young Adults with Genital Herpes

The purpose of this paper is to describe gender differences in risk behaviors--substance use and sexual behavior--in young adults with genital herpes. Two-hundred fifty-two young adults with genital herpes were recruited into the study via newspaper advertisements in a West Coast metropolitan area. As a part of a large randomized clinical trial, participants completed questionnaires measuring demographic characteristics and the risk behaviors of substance use and sexual behavior. Participants had a mean age of 27.1 years and were largely Caucasian, employed, college-educated, and heterosexual. Women were two years younger than men and had less income. Gender differences were found in both substance use and sexual behavior. Men were more likely to report current use of illicit drugs than were women. Men were also more likely to report a history of gonorrhea, and urethral discharge. Women reported initiating sex at an older age and having fewer sexual partners over their lifetimes than men. There were no gender differences in use of condoms or spermicides specifically to prevent transmission of genital herpes. Further study is needed of these young adults as they are at high risk for transmission of the disease and also for contracting other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Sensitive interventions are needed with this high-risk population.
Reaching Future Scientists, Consumers, & Citizens: What Do Secondary School Textbooks Say about Genomics & Its Impact on Health?

Abstract An understanding of how genomics information, including information about risk for common, multifactorial disease, can be used to promote personal health (personalized medicine) is becoming increasingly important for the American public. We undertook a quantitative content analysis of commonly used high school textbooks to assess how frequently the genetic basis of common multifactorial diseases was discussed compared with the “classic” chromosomal—single gene disorders historically used to teach the concepts of genetics and heredity. We also analyzed the types of conditions or traits that were discussed. We identified 3957 sentences across 11 textbooks that addressed multifactorial and “classic” genetic disorders. “Classic” gene disorders were discussed relatively more frequently than multifactorial diseases, as was their genetic basis, even after we enriched the sample to include five adult-onset conditions common in the general population. Discussions of the genetic or hereditary components of...
Novel multi-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome characterized by whole genome and exome sequencing

Genomic sequence comparisons between individuals are usually restricted to the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). While the interrogation of SNPs is efficient, they are not the only form of divergence between genomes. In this report, we expand the scope of polymorphism detection by investigating the occurrence of double nucleotide polymorphisms (DNPs) and triple nucleotide polymorphisms (TNPs), in which two or three consecutive nucleotides are altered compared to the reference sequence. We have found such DNPs and TNPs throughout two complete genomes and eight exomes. Within exons, these novel polymorphisms are over-represented amongst protein-altering variants; nearly all DNPs and TNPs result in a change in amino acid sequence and, in some cases, two adjacent amino acids are changed. DNPs and TNPs represent a potentially important new source of genetic variation which may underlie human disease and they should be included in future medical genetics studies. As a confirmation of the damaging nature of xNPs, we have identified changes in the exome of a glioblastoma cell line that are important in glioblastoma pathogenesis. We have found a TNP causing a single amino acid change in LAMC2 and a TNP causing a truncation of HUWE1.
The effect of interval from day of administration of bovine somatotropin (bST) to synchronization of ovulation and timed-insemination on conception rate of dairy cows with and without ovarian cysts

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the interval from the day of administration of bovine somatotropin (bST) to the day of initiation of synchronization of ovulation (Day 0 and 7) and timed-insemination (TAI) on conception rate (CR) of dairy cows with and without ovarian cysts, respectively. Lactating dairy cows (n = 359) were divided into two groups. Cows in Group 1 (n = 238, without ovarian cysts) were treated with 100 microg, i.m. GnRH on Day 0; 25 mg, i.m. PGF2a on Day 8. 100 mirog. i.m. GnRH on Day 10; and inseminated 16 h later without detection of estrus. Cows in Group 2 (n = 121, with ovarian cysts) were treated with 100 microg, i.m. GnRH on Day 0; 100 microg, i.m. GnRH on Day 7; 25 mg, i.m. PGF2alpha on Day 14, 100 ug, i.m. GnRH on Day 16; and inseminated 16 h later without detection of estrus. Between 60 and 63 days postpartum, all cows in the herd were given bST every 14 days for the duration of the study. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk of nonpregnancy associated with interval from bST treatment to Day 0 for cows without ovarian cysts. and both Day 0 and 7 for cows with ovarian cysts adjusting for parity and days in milk. The CR for cows in Group 1 was significantly higher when the interval from last treatment with bST to Day 0 was between 1 and 3 days (28%) compared to 4-6 days (14%). In addition, the risk of nonpregnancy was 2.19 times greater in cows 4-6 days after bST treatment compared to 1-3 days after adjusting for parity and days in milk. The CR for cows in Group 2 was not significantly different when the interval from last treatment with bST to both Day 0 and 7 was between 1 and 3, 4 and 6, and 7 and 14 days. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested bST treatment closer to Day 0 had a positive effect on CR of cows without ovarian cysts, but bST treatment closer to both Day 0 and 7 had no effect on CR of cows with ovarian cysts. This was interpreted to mean that bST had a beneficial effect on either, or both, the preovulatory follicle and the oocyte in dairy cows without ovarian cysts, but not in dairy cows with ovarian cysts.
Software engineering-retrospect and prospect

After reviewing early software engineering history, the author describes current developments and, finally, examines future prospects in this domain. Particular consideration is given to stepwise refinement and verification in arithmetic; data abstractions and usage hierarchies; stepwise refinement and verification in box-structured systems; and 'explosion' in computer-aided software engineering. >
Global design rules for silicon microphotonic waveguides: Sensitivity, polarization and resonance tunability

In a rigorous design study of silicon-in-silica waveguides and resonators we address critical parameters for tunable filters. 6:1 aspect-ratio TE and 2:1 TM waveguide designs optimize resonance-frequency dimensional tolerances, proximate metal-electrode loss and other constraints.
Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 1 Regulates Endothelial Lumen Formation During Angiogenesis

Objective— It is well established that angiogenesis is a complex and coordinated multistep process. However, there remains a lack of information about the genes that regulate individual stages of vessel formation. Here, we aimed to define the role of human interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) during blood vessel formation. Approach and Results— We identified IFITM1 in a microarray screen for genes differentially regulated by endothelial cells (ECs) during an in vitro angiogenesis assay and found that IFITM1 expression was strongly induced as ECs sprouted and formed lumens. We showed by immunohistochemistry that human IFITM1 was expressed by stable blood vessels in multiple organs. siRNA-mediated knockdown of IFITM1 expression spared EC sprouting but completely disrupted lumen formation, in both in vitro and in an in vivo xeno-transplant model. ECs lacking IFITM1 underwent early stages of lumenogenesis (ie, intracellular vacuole formation) but failed to mature or expand lumens. Coimmunoprecipitation studies confirmed occludin as an IFITM1 binding partner in ECs, and immunocytochemistry showed a lack of occludin at endothelial tight junctions in the absence of IFITM1. Finally, time-lapse video microscopy revealed that IFITM1 is required for the formation of stable cell–cell contacts during endothelial lumen formation. Conclusions— IFITM1 is essential for the formation of functional blood vessels and stabilizes EC–EC interactions during endothelial lumen formation by regulating tight junction assembly.
The cornell erl superconducting 2-cell injector cavity string and test cryomodule

Cornell University is developing and fabricating a SRF injector cryomodule for the acceleration of the high current (100 iriA) beam in the Cornell ERL prototype and ERL light source. Major challenges include emittance preservation of the low energy, ultra low emittance beam, cw cavity operation, and strong HOM damping with efficient HOM power extraction. Prototypes have been completed for the 2-cell niobium cavity with helium vessel, coaxial blade tuner with piezo fine tuners, twin high power input couplers, and beam line HOM absorbers loaded with fer- rites and ceramics. Axial symmetry of HOM absorbers, together with two symmetrically placed input couplers per cavity, avoids transverse on-axis fields, which would cause emittance growth. A one-cavity cryostat has been designed following concepts of the TTF cryostat, and is presently under fabrication and assembly. The cryostat design has been optimized for precise cavity alignment, good magnetic shielding, and high dynamic cryogenic loads from the RF cavities, input couplers, and HOM loads. In this paper we report on the status of the assembly and first test of the one-cavity test cryostat.
Analysis of Lifeguard-Recorded Data at Hanauma Bay, Hawaii

OBJECTIVE: To describe rescue events at Hanauma Bay using data collected by lifeguards stationed at the bay. METHODS: Lifeguard collected data documenting estimates of daily beach attendance, and characteristics of rescue victims and events were analyzed for the period 2000 to 2007. RESULTS: A total of 4888 Logsheets spanning 2000 to 2007 and 1567 Incident Reports spanning 2000 to 2002 and 2006 to 2007 documenting 1249 rescues were available for analyses. Lifeguard estimates of attendance summing tallies made at 12, 2, and 4 pm overestimated actual attendance by a factor of 1.78 (SD = 0.08) while estimates summing 12 and 4 pm tallies underestimated actual attendance by a factor of 0.91 (SD = 0.04). Both estimates were strongly correlated with actual attendance values (R = 0.98 and R = 0.98, respectively). The average rescue rate for the study period was 7 rescues per 10,000 bathers. Nonresidents accounted for 88% of all visitors to the bay and accounted for a disproportionate percentage of the rescue population (96%, p-value = 0.04). A majority of rescues (63.2%) occurred at a single location called "The Slot." Following rescues, 91.4% of rescue victims were released to the beach, 5.9% were released to their parents or guardians, and 1.4% required transfer to a hospital via ambulance. CONCLUSION: Lifeguard estimates of attendance at Hanauma were precise, and summing 12 and 4 pm attendance tallies provided the most accurate estimate of actual attendance. Rescues at Hanauma Bay occurred predominantly among nonresidents and were concentrated to a single location called "The Slot." Language: en
Divergent effects of KCl-induced depolarization on afferent and efferent arterioles

We have previously proposed that renal microvessels exhibit a unique regional heterogeneity. Studies with calcium channel agonists and antagonists suggest that potential-dependent calcium channels may play a more prominent role in the activation of the afferent arteriole than the efferent arteriole. Because KCl-induced depolarization elicits vasoconstriction exclusively by the activation of potential-dependent calcium channels, we tested this postulate directly by ascertaining the vasoconstrictor effects of KCl and countervailing effects of a calcium channel blocker on the afferent and efferent arteriole of isolated perfused hydronephrotic kidneys. Increasing media potassium concentration from 5 to 30 mM resulted in a marked renal vasoconstriction decreasing renal perfusate flow by 61 +/- 4%. An examination of the microvascular response to KCl revealed a predominant response of the afferent arteriole. Thus afferent arteriolar diameter decreased by 38 +/- 6% (i.e., from 20.7 +/- 1.5 to 13.0 +/- 1.8 microns, P less than 0.005), whereas efferent arteriolar diameter decreased by only 12 +/- 4% (i.e., from 15.8 +/- 1.6 to 13.8 +/- 1.4 microns, P = 0.05). Nifedipine completely returned afferent arteriolar diameter to control levels with a mean effective dose of 41 +/- 2 nM. These findings indicate that the afferent arteriole is more responsive to depolarization-induced vasoconstrictor stimuli than is the efferent arteriole and suggest a greater prevalence of potential-dependent calcium channels in this vessel.
How to make a nuclear medicine technology bachelor's program more attractive

2520 Objectives To implement an entry level bachelors program in nuclear medicine technology that is competitive with 2 year associate degree program and to attract second career students who have limited time to dedicate to full time education. Methods In 2003 the faculty and administration of the department of radiologic sciences at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) was facing a dilemma; low enrollment in the Bachelors of Science programs with majors in Nuclear Medicine Technology (NMT), Radiation Therapy and Radiography. In response the college introduced created a 32 month accelerated bachelors program for each major. In the accelerated format, students would attend classes over the same number of semesters, but all year round. So instead of doing fall and spring and then taking summers off they would attend classes in the summer for the first and second years of the program and for the final year they would graduate at the end of spring semester. In the last year the authors have reviewed the outcome data of the last eight years since the new format was introduced. Results Enrollments in the NMT program have increased from an average 7 students per year prior to 2003 to an average of 13 per year in the last 8 years. Board pass rates have improved from 90% to 95%. Student retention has decreased from 85% per year to 80%. Students who received grades below a C in Algebra and Trigonometry and Anatomy and Physiology I in the first year had a high likelihood of dropping out. Conclusions The introduction of an accelerated format allows students to finish a bachelor degree in 32 months rather than the usual 44 months. Introducing this accelerated format has increased enrollments in the NMT program. The poor retention data has led to some changes in the curriculum. Research Support Database of student outcome
Correlation of DNA base composition and metabolism of Pseudomonas putrefaciens isolates from food, human clinical specimens, and other sources.

The DNA base composition and other characteristics of 54 bacterial cultures isolated from refrigerated foods, human clinical specimens, and other sources, designated asP. putrefaciens by one or more investigators were determined.
The impact of enrichment broth and enrichment time on detection rate of Campylobacter jejuni

Objective To understand the influence on the detection rate of Campylobacter jejuni by different enrichment broth and by different enrichment time, and to optimize isolating and identifying conditions for Campylobacter jejuni.Methods Campylobacter jejuni was enriched from different broth during different time,and then the bacterial cultures were detected by multiplex PCR while the positive were identified referring to Microbiological examination of food hygiene-examination of Campylobacter jejuni( GB / T 4789. 9-2008). Results The detection rates of 300 Campylobacter jejuni samples were9. 67%,15. 00%,15. 00% and 16. 67%,respectively,after 24 h bacilli-culture by Bolton broth,modified Bolton broth,Bolton broth supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum,and modified Bolton broth supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum.After 48 h growth,the detection rates were 9. 00%,13. 67%,14. 00% and 14. 33% respectively,which were decreased comparing with 24 h microbe growth. Conclusion Bolton broth supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum,and modified Bolton broth without supplement are more suitable for isolation and identification of Campylobacter and 24 h enrichment is more appropriate.
Guide to Electric Power Professional Standards

As the electric power professional standards Calibration Specification for Partical Discharge Measurement is going to be issued,the main drafters of this specification analyze and expatiate the problems and solutions in the process of compiling it.Wherewith it people who do the calibration work could comprehend the specification accurately.
Biomedical Ontology Quality Assurance Using a Big Data Approach

This article presents recent progresses made in using scalable cloud computing environment, Hadoop and MapReduce, to perform ontology quality assurance (OQA), and points to areas of future opportunity. The standard sequential approach used for implementing OQA methods can take weeks if not months for exhaustive analyses for large biomedical ontological systems. With OQA methods newly implemented using massively parallel algorithms in the MapReduce framework, several orders of magnitude in speed-up can be achieved (e.g., from three months to three hours). Such dramatically reduced time makes it feasible not only to perform exhaustive structural analysis of large ontological hierarchies, but also to systematically track structural changes between versions for evolutional analysis. As an exemplar, progress is reported in using MapReduce to perform evolutional analysis and visualization on the Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), a prominent clinical terminology system. Future opportunities in three areas are described: one is to extend the scope of MapReduce-based approach to existing OQA methods, especially for automated exhaustive structural analysis. The second is to apply our proposed MapReduce Pipeline for Lattice-based Evaluation (MaPLE) approach, demonstrated as an exemplar method for SNOMED CT, to other biomedical ontologies. The third area is to develop interfaces for reviewing results obtained by OQA methods and for visualizing ontological alignment and evolution, which can also take advantage of cloud computing technology to systematically pre-compute computationally intensive jobs in order to increase performance during user interactions with the visualization interface. Advances in these directions are expected to better support the ontological engineering lifecycle.
A Numerical Examination of Some Hail Suppression Concepts

The glaciation, beneficial competition and trajectory lowering concepts are examined using numerical models of the embryo formation region (EFR) and hail growth zone (HGZ). The glaciation concept is deemed economically unfeasible. The beneficial competition concept is considered viable only when positive size-sorting is occurring naturally and then is of limited value. The trajectory lowering concept appears to be the most attractive and hygroscopic seeding at the base of the EFR is suggested as the most efficient means of implementing this concept.
Uptake and Elimination of Bacteria in Shellfish

A general review of knowledge concerning bacterial accumulation and depletion by commercially significant bivalve molluses is presented. Naturally contaminated shellfish can eliminate fecal coliforms (FC) in 48 h to levels below most market standards over a wide range of environmental conditions when sea water flowing to the molluses is treated so that fecal coliform levels are indeterminate or marginally determinate as assayed by standard methodology. Most probable number (MPN) enumerations of shellfish depurated for 48 h by the authors yielded a median value of < 18 FC/100 g of oyster ( Crassostrea Virginica ) meats with < 10% of the samples exceeding 78 FC/100 g.
Family Communication and Adolescent Alcohol Use in Nicaragua, Central America: A Test of Primary Socialization Theory

ABSTRACTApplying primary socialization theory to a sample of early adolescents from Nicaragua, this study examines direct and indirect associations between family bonding and adolescent alcohol use via substance specific prevention communication (SSPC) and adolescent efficacy. Early adolescents in 7th and 8th grades completed a self-report, cross-sectional survey. Structural equation modeling revealed that family expressiveness was significantly indirectly related to adolescent lifetime alcohol use through SSPC. Results are discussed in relation to primary socialization theory, family communication, and international substance use prevention efforts. This study provides supportive evidence for the important role of positive family communication as a protective factor for early adolescents in Nicaragua.
Methylthioadenosine (MTA) increases the therapeutic window of AG2037 in MTAP-deficient tumors

4628 Due to inherent resistance of human cancers, the clinical response rate for most of these tumors is often low even at the MTD. One strategy to increase the success of anticancer agents in these situations is to increase the administered dose. However, toxic side effects of these agents often prevent such an increase, focusing some drug development efforts on ways to rescue normal cells from toxic side effects. Tumors often demonstrate genomic instability often resulting in gene silencing. The absence of specific genes products in tumors may result in a unique opportunity to develop new treatment strategies. An example of such an strategy would be the loss of purine salvage in tumors, e.g the MTAP purine salvage pathway, combined with the chemical inhibition of de novo purine synthesis, e.g. by the antifolate GARFT inhibitor AG2037. The genomic difference in MTAP status between MTAP-deficient tumors and normal tissue allows the combination of an agent that inhibit de novo purine synthesis with an agent such as MTA, the natural substrate for MTAP, to potentially rescue normal cell from toxic side effects and increase the therapeutic window of the inhibitor. In this study the rescue effect of MTA in mice bearing an MTAP-deficient tumor on the toxicity and antitumor activity of AG2037 were investigated. In one experiment mice bearing the BxPC-3 human pancreatic xenograft were dosed with AG2037 qdx4 with and without MTA bid q8d. Adding MTA to the administration of AG2037 decreased the toxicity of AG2037 by 16-fold while not affecting the antitumor activity at each dose level of AG2037, increasing the therapeutic window of AG2037 by 16-fold. In another experiment mice bearing the PANC-1 human pancreatic xenograft were dosed with AG2037 q3dx4 with and without MTA bid q14d. The AG2037-induced weight loss in the mice was reduced 2-fold by administration of MTA while the antitumor activity of AG2037 was not affected. Thus MTA selectively reduced the toxicity of AG2037 without affecting its activity against MTAP-deficient tumors, increasing the therapeutic window.
Association Between Affective Symptoms and School Bullying Experiences in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (P4.156)

Objective: To describe affective symptomatology endorsed by adults with ASDs and determine what relationship those symptoms have to bullying experiences. Background: Affective symptoms are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), as is a history of being bullied. Though prior bullying experiences could contribute to affective symptomatology in adults with ASDs, it is unclear which bullying variables are most strongly associated with affective symptomatology. Design/Methods: A survey evaluating current affective symptomatology and details about school bullying experiences was completed anonymously by 48 adults (36 male) with ASDs. Subjects were recruited at local autism community meetings or were mailed the instrument after expressing interest in participation. The latter subjects were identified from a database maintained by the Arizona State University Autism/Asperger’s Research Program. Comparison between the groups was conducted using the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test for continuous variables. The Pearson Chi-Squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used for categorical variables. Results: The majority of respondents reported depression (85.1%), anxiety (87.2%) and anger (68.8%). Of those reporting depression or anxiety, 51.2% were not receiving treatment. Only 6 respondents reported no history of bullying. Bullying experiences during college were associated with more severe depression (p=.0485). Bullying experiences during elementary school were associated with more severe anxiety (p=.0350). Bullying experiences during graduate school were associated with more severe anger (p=.0404). Those respondents experiencing the greatest bullying frequency across all school levels were more likely to endorse depression (p=.0276) and anxiety (p=.0194). Cyber bullying was associated with more severe depression (p=.0042), anxiety (p=.0467), and anger (p=.0219). Conclusions: Bullying experiences reported by adults with ASDs appear common across multiple school settings and are associated with a significant burden of affective symptomatology. The school level at which bullying occurred and variables describing the type and intensity of bullying experiences may predict types of affective symptomatology impacting adults with ASDs. Study Supported by: Mayo Clinic Intramural Career Development Award Disclosure: Dr. Woodruff has received research support from Genentech. Dr. Temkit has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adams has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yost has nothing to disclose.
Rebooting Ponies and Men: Discordant Masculinity and the Brony Fandom:

In recent years, Brony fandom has grown from a small Internet-based fan community into a pop culture phenomenon complete with large-scale conventions. The appearance of Bronies in mainstream media ...
The lung exam.

Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. After history-taking, the physical examination is second in importance in assessing a pulmonary patient. The time-honored sequence of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation is appropriate. Diagnostic tests are becoming more complex, more expensive, and more inclined to separate the patient and physician. The stethoscope is still the more commonly used diagnostic medical instrument, but it is not always used to best advantage. It is familiar, harmless, portable, and inexpensive. Its appropriate use improves medical practice and reduces costs. Improvements in sound recording and analysis techniques have spurred a renewed interest in lung sounds and their meaning. This is likely to lead to better understanding of what we hear, and perhaps to the development of new noninvasive diagnostic and monitoring techniques.
How Many Sides Does a Box Have? The Struggle to Respect Young People’s Thinking

The struggle to respect young people’s thinking underlies both the struggle for equity and the struggle for quality in mathematics education. This chapter discusses what respect for young people’s thinking means, the relationship of respect to equity and quality in mathematics education, and the relationship between lack of respect and student disengagement [or even alienation] from school.
Body Weight and Body Image in Children and Adolescents

This article reviews existing research regarding body image and weight status among children and adolescents. Nearly all studies reviewed revealed poorer body image among overweight/obese youth. In boys, the relationship is often U-shaped, with poorer body image present in both underweight and overweight/obese boys. For African American girls, the relationship between weight status and body image is present but the threshold at which African American girls manifest body dissatisfaction appears to be higher than for Whites. The psychosocial correlates of body dissatisfaction and higher weight status are reviewed. Finally, interventions that have been shown to improve body image in overweight and obese youth are discussed.
Forensic personal identification utilizing part-to-part comparison of CT-derived 3D lumbar models

The objective of this project was to document the efficacy of part-to-part comparison of computed tomography (CT)-derived three-dimensional (3D) models of the lumbar spine in forensic personal identification. By testing the methodology, this study aimed to provide a new technique of quantifiable (through a percent match) positive identification that meets the explicit requirements of the Daubert ruling and the challenges set forth in the 2009 NAS report. Ante-mortem (AM) and simulated post-mortem (PM) models of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) for 30 unique individuals were compared via part comparison analyses. The threshold of ±0.5mm with at least a 90% match was considered a positive identification. Using this threshold, the part comparison results had a perfect identification rate with no false positives and no false negative matches. A ROC curve was generated with a score of 1, signifying a "perfect" sensitivity and specificity, at a cut-off value of 65.5%. On average positive IDs had a 94.7% percent match within the established threshold, while negative IDs had an average of 21.4%. In looking at the impact of different components of the biological profile, age and sex of the unknown individual played a minimal role in the percent match for both a positive and a negative ID. Lumbar level also played a minor role in in both the positive and negative percent match. The real-world application of 3D part-to-part comparison on AM and simulated PM scans demonstrate the potential usefulness of this technology in forensic identification.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma of the oral cavity following skin graft reconstruction: Case report.

Background Malignant melanomas on skin graft recipient sites are rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Methods We present a case report of a patient with recurrent cutaneous melanoma in the grafted anterolateral thigh flap of the tongue. Results A patient underwent hemiglossectomy with free flap reconstruction for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Five years later the patient was seen with a 1-cm nodule and surrounding erythroplakia at the recipient site of the graft. Analysis revealed cutaneous malignant melanoma. Patient then related a remote history of a suspected skin melanoma of the donor leg that had been treated with excision, with unknown histology. Conclusion This may be the first reported case of a cutaneous malignant melanoma in the oral cavity following an anterolateral thigh free flap reconstruction, emphasizing the importance of obtaining a comprehensive history of skin cancers and closely inspecting the donor site prior to graft harvesting.
Optimizing the Sidelobe Level of a Two-Way Antenna Array Pattern by Thinning the Receive Aperture

The maximum sidelobe level of a two-way antenna array pattern of a radar is usually considered to be the product of the maximum sidelobe level of the transmit array time the maximum sidelobe level of the receive array. This paper shows that a thinned receive array can be synthesized in order to place nulls of the receive pattern in the directions of the peak sidelobes of the transmit pattern to get even lower two-way maximum sidelobe levels. The two-way pattern is synthesized using a genetic algorithm to find a thinned receive aperture that minimizes the maximum two-way sidelobe level with a uniform transmit array.
Changing Trends in Industry Funding for Surgical Oncologists

With reductions in public funding, alternate research funding is essential to surgical oncologists (SOs). We aimed to examine current trends in industry funding of SOs. Society of Surgical Oncology surgeons were identified and matched with board certification and years in practice. Departmental and hospital data were evaluated, and industry payments from 2013 to 2017 were matched with the Open Payment Data. Of the 1670 SOs identified, 922 (55%) had academic positions: 588 (64%) males and 334 (36%) females. Between 2013 and 2017, research payments totaling $46,596,706 were made to 162 SOs (17.5%): $40,774,716 (87%) for research related to drugs and clinical trials, compared with $5,194,199 (11%) for surgical devices (p = 0.018). Funding correlated with academic leadership and years in practice (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0037). Massachusetts ($9,060,976), Texas ($7,656,228), and New York ($4,210,864) received the most funding, whereas Utah ($1,533,166/SO), Massachusetts ($1,294,425/SO), and Oregon ($1,241,702/SO) received the highest average payments per SO. The majority of funding was from Novartis ($16,045,608), Amgen ($6,810,832), and Merck ($3,758,299), for an oncolytic vaccine (talimogene laherparepvec, $5,939,007), a BRAF inhibitor (dabrafenib, $5,727,309), and a KIT inhibitor (imatinib, $4,323,586). Male SOs received funding more frequently than females (120/588 [20%] vs. 42/334 [12.6%]; p = 0.0027). Males also received more general payments (travel/lodging, food/beverage, consulting/speaker fees): $48,830 vs. $11,867 per male and female, respectively (p = 0.0001). The majority of industry research payments to SOs are related to novel pharmaceuticals, which highlights the expanding influence SOs play in systemic therapies. Industry payments are influenced by location, gender, and academic leadership.
A Collaborative Approach to Pain Control Reduces In-hospital Opioid Use and Improves Range of Motion following Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Introduction: Opioid pain medications are commonly prescribed following orthopedic procedures, with overprescribing of these pain medications implicated as a driver of the current opioid epidemic. In an effort to reduce reliance on opioid pain medications, surgeons are relying on periarticular injections or peripheral nerve blocks. The purpose of this study was to compare numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores and oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) in patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a periarticular injection alone to those who underwent a collaborative approach with a periarticular injection in the posterior tissue and an adductor canal catheter for anterior knee analgesia. Methods: In this study, 236 patients underwent a primary TKA between December 2017 and April 2018. Forty patients received an adductor canal catheter and 196 underwent a periarticular injection alone. Results: We found no difference in patient demographics between the cohorts (p>0.05). The patients that underwent the collaborative approach with a periarticular injection and adductor canal catheter had lower NRS pain scores on post-operative day 0, 1, and 2 (all P≤0.033). These patients demonstrated a reduction of 43% in opioid consumption during the hospitalization (P<0.001). These patients also demonstrated improved range of motion (ROM) (96 vs. 92 degrees) on the day of discharge (P=0.013). Conclusion: This study provides strong evidence that in patients undergoing TKA, the collaborative approach with the adductor canal catheter and periarticular injection is associated with lower post-operative pain scores, fewer total OMEs per hospital day, and a greater ROM arc prior to discharge compared to patients receiving a periarticular injection alone.