cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speciation in Drosophila: From Phenotypes to Molecules

Study of the genetics of speciation—and especially of the genetics of intrinsic postzygotic isolation—has enjoyed remarkable progress over the last 2 decades. Indeed progress has been so rapid that one might be tempted to ask if the genetics of postzygotic isolation is now wrapped up. Here we argue that the genetics of speciation is far from complete. In particular, we review 2 topics where recent work has revealed major surprises: 1) the role of meiotic drive in hybrid sterility and 2) the role of gene transposition in speciation. These surprises, and others like them, suggest that evolutionary biologists may understand less about the genetic basis of speciation than seemed likely a few years ago.
Capacity development through the sharing of climate information with diverse user communities

The International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) is a premier global research and capacity development institution focused on enhancing society’s capability to understand, use, manage and evaluate climate information. Its goal is to strengthen the technical capacity of individuals and organizations in order to increase the demand for climate information and its application. In the early years of IRI, staff trained local meteorologists and decision makers, often in developing countries, on using information products that IRI’s forecast group judged would be of value. However, in the last decade, IRI’s approach to training has evolved into one that is more user-driven. Today, users are brought on board during the development of training curricula to learn what information and methodologies would be most useful for their local needs. This establishes a sense of trust and ownership in the training process. Approaches are tailored to different contexts and communities, and focus is placed on cultivating long-lasting partnerships. The work presented in this article demonstrates the evolution of IRI’s capacity building and development processes. It highlights how the IRI implements capacity development activities, with a particular emphasis on the early engagement of practitioners and end users. Numerous examples are provided of the successes related to knowledge gains and to the concrete applications of climate information that can occur when the design and implementation of activities are preformed in an integrative manner. This approach builds channels for interaction among practitioners, policymakers, scientists and other societal decision making groups. Though it has seen numerous successes, the IRI is continually evaluating its capacity development methods and looking for ways to improve upon them.
Acute Ozone Stress on Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) and the Pest Potential of the Aphid, Chaitophorus populicola Thomas (Homoptera: Aphididae)

The effect of acute ozone exposure of eastern cottonwood ( Populus deltoides Bartr.) on the survivorship, reproduction, and development of the aphid Chaitophorus populicola Thomas (Homoptera: Aphididae) was investigated. Cottonwoods were exposed to 397 μ g/m3 (0.20 ppm) ozone or charcoal-filtered air and infested with aphids on leaf plastochron index 5, 40 h after fumigation. Aphid performance was not significantly different on plants exposed to ozone compared with charcoal-filtered air-treated control plants. These data do not support the notion that aphid performance will directly increase on air pollution-stressed plants. We also examined settling and feeding preference of aphids for cottonwood leaves of different developmental ages. Aphids significantly preferred leaf plastochron index 5 to all other leaf ages. These data support hypotheses relating aphid leaf preference to stages of leaf development. Reproduction of the cottonwood leaf rust fungus ( Melampsora medusae Thum.) and the imported willow leaf beetle ( Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting) are reduced on ozone-fumigated plants (reported elsewhere). If aphid populations are affected by competition with these cottonwood pests for leaf resources, then aphid pest potential may actually increase in areas characterized by episodic ozone concentrations because of ozone-induced decreases in populations of M. medusae and P. versicolora .
Performance evaluation of conservative algorithms in parallel simulation languages

Parallel discrete event simulation with conservative synchronization algorithms has been used as a high performance alternative to sequential simulation. In this paper, we examine the performance of a set of parallel conservative algorithms that have been implemented in the Maisie parallel simulation language. The algorithms include the asynchronous null message algorithm, the synchronous conditional event algorithm, and a new hybrid algorithm called Accelerated Null Message that combines features from the preceding algorithms. The performance of the algorithms is compared using the Ideal Simulation Protocol. This protocol provides a tight lower bound on the execution time of a simulation model on a given architecture and serves as a useful base to compare the synchronization overheads of the different algorithms. The performance of the algorithms is compared as a function of various model characteristics that include model connectivity, computation granularity, load balance, and lookahead.
An improved trajectory tracking decentralized adaptive controller for robot manipulators

A decentralized adaptive nonlinear controller for a robot manipulator is presented in this paper. Based on the promising results obtained by the decentralized adaptive PID control algorithms proposed by Seraji and other researchers, the authors redesigned the Lyapunov function, and as a result, achieved a further simplification of the control algorithm and better trajectory tracking performance. The main advantages of the proposed controller over similar controllers are the considerably faster convergence of tracking error, relatively simpler structure, and smoother control activity. Another advantage of this controller is that it only requires local position and velocity measurements, and it does not make use of the exact centralized mathematical model of the robot manipulator. Finally, the authors demonstrate through computer simulation the robustness of their controller against parameter variations and disturbances. >
A decomposition‐based approach to uncertainty analysis of feed‐forward multicomponent systems

SUMMARY To support effective decision making, engineers should comprehend and manage various uncertainties throughout the design process. Unfortunately, in today's modern systems, uncertainty analysis can become cumbersome and computationally intractable for one individual or group to manage. This is particularly true for systems comprised of a large number of components. In many cases, these components may be developed by different groups and even run on different computational platforms. This paper proposes an approach for decomposing the uncertainty analysis task among the various components comprising a feed-forward system and synthesizing the local uncertainty analyses into a system uncertainty analysis. Our proposed decomposition-based multicomponent uncertainty analysis approach is shown to be provably convergent in distribution under certain conditions. The proposed method is illustrated on quantification of uncertainty for a multidisciplinary gas turbine system and is compared to a traditional system-level Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Transmembrane Domain of the Acetylcholine Receptor: Insights from Simulations on Synthetic Peptide Models

We have studied the structure and properties of a bundle of α-helical peptides embedded in a 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-phosphatidylcholine phospholipid bilayer by molecular dynamics simulations. The bundle of five transmembrane δM2 segments constitutes the model for the pore region of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which is the neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel responsible for the fast propagation of electrical signals between cells at the nerve-muscle synapse. The δM2 segments were shown to oligomerize in biomembranes resulting in ion-channel activity with characteristics similar to the native protein, and the structure of the isolated peptides was studied in 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-phosphatidylcholine bilayers and micelles by NMR experiments (Opella, S. J., et al. 1999. Nat. Struct. Biol. 6:374–379). Our analyses indicate that the structure, helix tilt, and the overall shape of the channel are in good agreement with the NMR experiments and the proposed model for the channel, which we show is formed by rings of functional residues. The studied geometry resulted in a closed pore state, where the channel is partially dehydrated at the hydrophobic extracellular half and the extracellular mouth of the channel blocked by the hydrocarbon chains of Arg+ residues. The arginine amino acids form intermolecular salt-bridges with the C-terminus, which contribute as well to the bundle stabilization.
Plasmin Inactivation with Pulsed Electric Fields

Plasmin (fibrinolysin E.C.3.4.21.7), an indigenous enzyme in bovine milk, added to simulated milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF) at 100 μg/mL (pH 6.11 and ionic strength 0.056 M) was treated at 10°C and 15°C with pulsed electric fields (HVPEF) of 15, 30 and 45 kV/cm and number of pulses 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50. The plasmin activity measured using a commercial assay, was reduced 90% after 50 pulses at both 30 and 45 kV/cm and at a processing temperature of 15°C. Similar inactivation was obtained when plasmin (100 μg/mL) in SMUF was heated at 40°C for 15 min. Inactivation of the enzyme depended on the number of pulses applied during treatment, intensity of the applied field, and processing temperature.
Research in Second Language Studies at Michigan State University.

The Second Language Studies (SLS) Program was established in 2005 with the express purpose of providing ‘a firm foundation in the field of Second Language Acquisition and its application to current second language research and teaching’ ( http://sls.msu.edu ). Under the leadership of Professor Susan Gass, the program has grown to include 12 core faculty members and 27 Ph.D. students. As an interdisciplinary program, linkages across the university exist with the Department of Linguistics and Germanic, Slavic, Asian, and African Languages; the Department of French, Classics, and Italian; the Department of Spanish and Portuguese; the Arabic Language Instruction Flagship; the M.A. TESOL Program; the Center for Language Education and Research; the English Language Center; the Center for the Support of Language Teaching; the Department of Psychology; and the College of Education.
Lessons Learned from the ASN Renal Educator Listserv and Survey

Nephrology ranks next to last in career choices among US medical school graduates. The American Society of Nephrology established a Workforce Committee to help address this issue. Surveys of US medical students indicate that experiences during kidney pathophysiology courses in the preclerkship years may impact their decision to consider a career in nephrology. In October of 2011, preclinical kidney physiology and pathophysiology course directors at US medical schools were surveyed about teaching methods, curricular content, resources, and institutional support for teaching to identify what worked well and what impairs their teaching efforts. A Listserv of these educators, the American Society of Nephrology Renal Educators Listserv, was used to electronically administer the survey. Course leaders from 62 of 114 (54.4%) surveyed medical schools responded. Most of these educators are nephrologists, but physiologists and other clinicians also lead courses; 60% of course directors noted that lectures are videotaped, resulting in decreased attendance. A range of resources is used: 68% use audience response systems, 16% use the simulation center, and none of the educators indicated use of social media (such as Twitter or Facebook); 50% of respondents receive no remuneration, and 68% receive no full-time equivalent for their efforts. Audience response systems, virtual microscopy, and flash animations were identified as valuable teaching tools. Course directors, during subsequent dialogue on the American Society of Nephrology Renal Educators Listserv, have cited incorporation of case scenarios and integration of clinical exposure during preclinical years as methods that inspired interest. Hopefully, adoption of such approaches will ultimately serve to stimulate interest in nephrology.
Technique Using Interference Fixation Repair for Plantar Plate Ligament Disruption of Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joints

Lesser metatarsophalangeal joint instability is a challenging disorder for the foot and ankle surgeon to repair. We believe that disruption of the plantar plate is common, and its repair should be carefully considered. However, we believe that most current techniques inadequately address repair of the complete plantar plate ligament tear, and, thus, instability and pain commonly persist after disruption of the plantar plate. In the present report, we present a technique we have found useful for repair of a complete plantar plate ligament rupture. The method we have described uses interference screw fixation through a dorsal incision to stabilize the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint.
Measuring Communication Skills: The STEM Interpersonal Communication Skills Assessment Battery

Background Effective interpersonal communication skills in the advisor-advisee relationship context are important to the success of graduate students. Few instruments have previously been developed to assess students' communication skills in this context. Purpose/Hypothesis This study reports the development and validation of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Interpersonal Communication Skills Assessment Battery (STEM ICSAB) for women doctoral students in engineering, mathematics, computer sciences, and the physical sciences. The STEM ICSAB consists of three instruments: the Interpersonal Communication Knowledge Assessment, Interpersonal Communication Coping Self-Efficacy Assessment, and the Interpersonal Communication Skills Assessment. Design/Method The STEM ICSAB was developed in three stages. Stage I consisted of item generation and establishment of content validity. In Stage II, an exploratory analysis with a convenience sample of undergraduate and graduate students determined the initial factor structure of each instrument. In Stage III, a confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of women doctoral students further examined the factor structures derived from Stage II. Results The Knowledge assessment has 20 items, the Coping Self-Efficacy assessment has 12 items, and the Skills assessment has five items. All three measures fit a unidimensional factor structure and demonstrate moderate to high internal consistency. Conclusion This study provides initial support for the psychometric properties of the STEM ICSAB. Use of the STEM ICSAB will improve opportunities for women doctoral students to learn, practice, and improve critical interpersonal communication skills.
Invited review: the synergy between virtual reality and robotics

To a large extent the robotics and the newer virtual reality (VR) research communities have been working in isolation. This article reviews three areas where integration of the two technologies can be beneficial. First, we consider VR-enhanced CAD design, robot programming, and plant layout simulation. Subsequently, we discuss how VR is being used in supervisory teleoperation, for single operator-single robot systems, single operator multiplexed to several slave robots, and collaborative control of a single robot by multiple operators. Here VR can help overcome problems related to poor visual feedback as well as system instabilities due to time delays. Finally, we show how robotics can be beneficial to VR in general, since robots can serve as force feedback interfaces to the simulation. Newer back-drivable manipulators offer increased safety for the user that closely interacts with the robot. The synergy between the fields of robotics and virtual reality is expected to grow in years to come.
Bilingualism: Not the Exception Any More

Abstract This chapter introduces the topic of bilingualism in its broad social context and briefly lays out several of the areas of study of the cognition in bilinguals. We conclude with an overview of the book and recommended further reading on cognition in bilinguals.
Front-line Treatment with Ofatumumab in Elderly Unfit Patients with CLL

S26 had an alternative diagnosis for their neurologic symptoms identified after tissue biopsy and/or other work-up. On LP, lower glucose levels (median 54 mg/dL, p1⁄40.02), elevated total nucleated cells (TNC)(median 14/mL, p1⁄40.004), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) (median 12/mL, p1⁄40.02), CLL cells percentage (median 5%, p1⁄40.05) and count (median 1.5/mL, p1⁄40.02) significantly associated with a final diagnosis of CNS involvement CLL/RS. Despite this association, none reliably discriminated as to whether the etiologies of patients’ neurologic symptoms were due to clinically significant CNS involvement by CLL/RS or another etiology. Conclusions: Neurological symptoms requiring an LP are rare in patients with CLL/SLL (4% of cases). CNS CLL/RS is a rare condition, and neurologic symptoms in patients with CLL are attributable to other etiologies in w80% of cases. Analysis of the CSF has high sensitivity but limited specificity to distinguish CNS CLL from other etiologies and additional parameters are needed. 306 Front-line Treatment with Ofatumumab in Elderly Unfit Patients with CLL Candida Vitale, Maria Ciccone, Christina Hinojosa, Michael J. Keating, Naveen Pemmaraju, Susan O’Brien, William G. Wierda, Deborah Thomas, Gautam Borthakur, Maro Ohanian, Jan A. Burger, Alessandra Ferrajoli Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson
Showing Students that Outlining is Not a Foreign Activity

This article discusses a unique and practical way for law professors to explain to law students how to outline their courses. By explaining the parallels between everyday activities, such as organizing a closet, and outlining, law professors can help law students develop more effective outlines.
Abstract 469: Relationship of Heart Rate and Physical Activity with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Multi-ethnic Population.

Introduction: Resting heart rate (RHR) has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Hypothesis: Physical activity and RHR are associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in a multiethnic population. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 1,440 participants of Native Hawaiian, Japanese, Filipino, Caucasian, and mixed ethnic ancestries were examined. Body fat was estimated using body mass indices (BMI); fat distribution by waist-hip ratios (WHR); and insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model (HOMA-IR). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol levels were assayed from fasting plasma samples. LDL cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald formula. Blood pressure measurements and medical histories were obtained to determine hypertension status. Leisure time physical activity (PA) was estimated by calculating metabolic equivalents (METS) using the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. Associations were estimated using logistic ...
HUMAN THRESHOLDS FOR PERCEIVING SUDDEN CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Thresholds for detection of the presence of sudden changes in atmospheric pressure, such as might occur in the operation of cabin pressurization systems of transport aircraft, were found to approximate 0.040 psi both for increases and decreases; thresholds for detection of direction of change were higher, but not significantly so.
Farmers' markets' uptake of food assistance programmes in East Tennessee, USA.

Objective Limited acceptance of government food assistance programmes such as the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a barrier that produces unequal access to market products for SNAP beneficiaries. There is a dearth of published evidence to explain the limited SNAP acceptance at farmers’ markets. The current project aimed to fill this gap; to identify and describe the barriers to markets’ acceptance of SNAP. Design Cross-sectional, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Setting All interviews were conducted via telephone. Subjects Twelve East Tennessee area market managers, vendors and other key stakeholders. Results Multiple barriers exist for SNAP implementation at markets including administrative and time limitations, prejudice from market vendors against SNAP beneficiaries, and resistance to invasive and burdensome requirements of the USDA SNAP application required for farmers’ markets. Conclusions SNAP acceptance at farmers’ markets is a complex issue, especially for small, rural markets. If farmers’ markets are to serve as sustainable resources to increase food access, these issues must be addressed so that SNAP can be accepted. Successful implementation of SNAP at rural markets requires increased administrative support and vendor education about SNAP and its beneficiaries. A revised USDA SNAP application process for farmers’ markets should also be considered.
Actor–Partner Interdependence Model

The actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) is a framework for analyzing interdependent dyadic data. The model improves upon traditional regression and ANOVA analyses by estimating not only the main effects of one individual's variables, but also assessing how members of a dyad influence each other simultaneously within a single model. This entry provides an overview of the basic model specification, considerations that need to be made when using APIM, and options for statistical techniques to test actor–partner effects. Keywords: analysis; dyad; statistics
Real-time radiative divertor feedback control development for the NSTX-U tokamak using a vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer

A radiative divertor technique is planned for the NSTX-U tokamak to prevent excessive erosion and thermal damage of divertor plasma-facing components in H-mode plasma discharges with auxiliary heating up to 12 MW. In the radiative (partially detached) divertor, extrinsically seeded deuterium or impurity gases are used to increase plasma volumetric power and momentum losses. A real-time feedback control of the gas seeding rate is planned for discharges of up to 5 s duration. The outer divertor leg plasma electron temperature Te estimated spectroscopically in real time will be used as a control parameter. A vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer McPherson Model 251 with a fast charged-coupled device detector is developed for temperature monitoring between 5 and 30 eV, based on the Δn = 0, 1 line intensity ratios of carbon, nitrogen, or neon ion lines in the spectral range 300–1600 A. A collisional-radiative model-based line intensity ratio will be used for relative calibration. A real-time Te-dependent signal within a characteristic divertor detachment equilibration time of ∼10–15 ms is expected.
Two charmoniumlike charged axial resonances near 3885 MeV

It is argued that the charged ${Z}_{c}^{+}(3885)$ resonance, treated as a ``molecular'' state of charmed $D$ and ${D}^{*}$ mesons, is likely to consist of two peaks unequally coupled to the ${D}^{*+}{\overline{D}}^{0}$ and ${D}^{+}{\overline{D}}^{*0}$ channels. The peaks should be split in mass by at least approximately 1.5 MeV. This behavior arises from an enhancement of the effect of isospin violation in the masses of the $D$ and ${D}^{*}$ mesons due to apparent suppression of forces between the mesons depending on the spins of the heavy as well as the light quarks. The suggested double-peak structure can be studied either by direct shape measurement in the channels with heavy mesons, or by isospin-violating transitions from ${Z}_{c}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(3885)$ to the states of charmonium plus a light meson.
Chapter 3 – Intact Rock

This chapter discusses the classification and index properties of intact rocks. The typical values of and empirical or theoretical correlations between different index properties are presented. The effect of water content, temperature, and pressure on the different index properties are also discussed.
Saving cash by using less cache

Everyone loves a large caching tier in their multitier cloud-based web service because it both alleviates database load and provides lower request latencies. Even when load drops severely, administrators are reluctant to scale down their caching tier. This paper makes the case that (i) scaling down the caching tier is viable with respect to performance, and (ii) the savings are potentially huge; e.g., a 4x drop in load can result in 90% savings in the caching tier size.
Definitional Differences of 'Outpatient' Versus 'Inpatient' THA and TKA Can Affect Study Outcomes.

There has been great interest in performing outpatient THA and TKA. Studies have compared such procedures done as outpatients versus inpatients. However, stated “outpatient” status as defined by large national databases such as the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) may not be a consistent entity, and the actual lengths of stay of those patients categorized as outpatients in NSQIP have not been specifically ascertained and may in fact include some patients who are “observed” for one or more nights. Current regulations in the United States allow these “observed” patients to stay more than one night at the hospital under observation status despite being coded as outpatients. Determining the degree to which this is the case, and what, exactly, “outpatient” means in the NSQIP, may influence the way clinicians read studies from that source and the way hospital systems and policymakers use those data. The purposes of this study were (1) to utilize the NSQIP database to characterize the differences in definition of “inpatient” and “outpatient” (stated status versus actual length of stay [LOS], measured in days) for THA and TKA; and (2) to study the effect of defining populations using different definitions. Patients who underwent THA and TKA in the 2005 to 2014 NSQIP database were identified. Outpatient procedures were defined as either hospital LOS = 0 days in NSQIP or being termed “outpatient” by the hospital. The actual hospital LOS of “outpatients” was characterized. “Outpatients” were considered to have stayed overnight if they had a LOS of 1 day or longer. The effects of the different definitions on 30-day outcomes were evaluated using multivariate analysis while controlling for potential confounding factors. Of 72,651 patients undergoing THA, 529 were identified as “outpatients” but only 63 of these (12%) had a LOS = 0. Of 117,454 patients undergoing TKA, 890 were identified as “outpatients” but only 95 of these (11%) had a LOS = 0. After controlling for potential confounding factors such as gender, body mass index, functional status before surgery, comorbidities, and smoking status, we found “inpatient” THA to be associated with increased risk of any adverse event (relative risk, 2.643, p = 0.002), serious adverse event (relative risk, 2.455, p = 0.011), and readmission (relative risk, 2.775, p = 0.010) compared with “outpatient” THA. However, for the same procedure and controlling for the same factors, patients who had LOS > 0 were not associated with any increased risk compared with patients who had LOS = 0. A similar trend was also found in the TKA cohort. Future THA, TKA, or other investigations on this topic should consistently quantify the term “outpatient” because different definitions, stated status or actual LOS, may lead to different assignments of risk factors for postoperative complications. Accurate data regarding risk factors for complications after total joint arthroplasty are crucial for efforts to reduce length of hospital stay and minimize complications. Level III, therapeutic study.
Weight tuning of resistive memories and convolution kernel operation on cross-point array for neuro-inspired computing

Analog conductance of resistive memories is attractive for implementing the weights in neuro-inspired algorithms. One of the most popular deep learning algorithms is the convolutional neural network (CNN). In this paper, we review our recent progress on using resistive memories for neuro-inspired computing. First, we optimized the iterative programming protocol to tune the weights of HfOx based resistive memories by adjusting the pulse amplitude incremental steps, the pulse width incremental steps, and the start voltages. Then, we demonstrated the key operation in the CNN—the convolution kernel on a 12×12 cross-point array. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we use the offline trained edge filters to detect both horizontal and vertical edges of the 50×50 pixels of a grayscale “dog” image. The experimental kernel operation matches the simulation results.
Effect of Training Program on Physicians’ Attitude towards Knowledge and Practice Related to Assessment and Screening of Clients with HIV/AIDS

This is a study which examines the effects of an educational program on Hispanic physicians' attitudes towards and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The study also examines physicians' practice patterns related to the screening and testing of Hispanic patients at risk for the disease. A oneon- one educational program was taken to the physician's office at a time convenient to the physician. A pre- and post-test design is used with questionnaires developed for the study that assess self-reported data related to physicians' attitudes, knowledge and practice patterns. A convenient sample of physicians participated. This limited the generalizability of the results to other groups. However, it does point out that a training program can alter physicians' screening and testing practices as well as their attitudes towards clients with HIV/AIDS. This has implications for providers in remote rural areas or in medically underserved communities where access to formalized continuing education may be limited or offered at times not compatible with a busy practice. The study may suggest that one kind of training and education need to beplanned and developed to facilitate provider participation. Perhaps, online courses or programs might be most effective of providing this one on one approach. Keywords : HIV/AIDS, Hispanic physicians, practice patterns, physician education http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v1i3.485
Practice Guide: How FATCA Applies to Non-US Funds

From 30 June 2014, FATCA came into force for what the US has designated as foreign financial institutions (FFIs), including non-US funds that are FFIs and also non-US investment entities. Any fund that is deemed to be in receipt of ‘withholdable payments’ (which encompasses various types of US-sourced income, gains, profits, interest or dividends) will be subject to FATCA withholding and reporting requirements. Many countries, however, have entered into intergovernmental agreements with the US that provide relief from the FATCA rules promulgated in the US Treasury regulations, and these must be considered in determining how FATCA will apply to each country’s funds.
Quality of Working Life and the Self-Employed Manager:

This study investigated quality of working life differences between self-employed and salaried managers. Based on data collected in a national survey of employees from various demographic and indus...
Converge: Disciplinarities and Digital Scholarship*

There is no doubt that academics in nearly all disciplines are increasingly being encouraged to seek out and engage in collaborative endeavours that are both productive and innovative. For designer...
Impact of Agency Receipt of Incentives and Reminders on Engagement and Continuity of Care for Clients With Co-Occurring Disorders

Objective:This study examined whether having co-occurring substance use and mental disorders influenced treatment engagement or continuity of care and whether offering financial incentives, client-...
Case 1: Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Under General Anesthesia

A 23-month-old, previously healthy girl (16 kg) is scheduled for endoscopy and removal of an esophageal web. Her medical history is unremarkable except for mild dysphasia. Her vital signs are normal.
TREATMENT OF VENOMOUS JELLYFISH STINGS

ABSTRACT Jellyfish venoms are mixtures of toxic and/or antigenic pathogenic polypeptides and enzymes. As newer therapeutic agents become available to treat the various reactions to stings by these animals, an accurate diagnosis of the type of syndrome and the offending species will be necessary. First aid therapy to inactivate nematocysts within tentacles still adhering to the victim's skin appears to be species-specific. Verapamil is an effective drug for jellyfish cardiotoxins. Hyperbaric oxygen may be a promising treatment to counteract the lethal or vasospastic effect of the venoms. Sting-induced cutaneous pain is difficult to treat because of its rapid onset and the fact that it results from intracutaneous injection of venom which requires a time delay before effective drug-induced analgesia can be achieved.
Abstract 3272: A graph remapping framework for in silico adjudication of SNVs, INDELs, and structural variants from genetic sequencing data

Several state-of-the-art, easy to use tools are available both for short-variant detection (e.g. GATK, FREEBAYES), and structural variant (SV) detection (e.g. LUMPY, MANTRA, DELLY), but these tools often produce divergent variant calls, especially INDELs, and it is very difficult to reconcile such variants into a single, accurate set. Furthermore, while it would be highly desirable to also detect larger, structural variants (SV), existing SV detector packages are typically difficult to integrate, highly resource-intensive to run, and result in call sets that require expert manual review to reduce false positive detection rate. Our algorithm, GRAPHITE (https://github.com/dillonl/graphite) requires as input a collection of variant calls, made by one or more short-variant or SV detection tools. Typically, this starting set is high sensitivity (i.e. inclusive), but low specificity (i.e. have a high false discovery rate). We then apply a novel “variant adjudication” procedure to discard false positives, while keeping true positive calls. This is accomplished by constructing a graph from these variants (the Variant Graph) representing allelic variants as graph branches, in addition to the branches formed by the current, linear genome reference sequence. Using a graph mapping algorithm (GSSW, a graph extension of the Smith-Waterman alignment algorithm) we developed earlier, we re-map all reads from each of the samples contributing to the candidate calls. We retain candidate variants confirmed by mappings to those branches in the graph that represent the corresponding variant allele, and discard those candidates that were not confirmed by such mappings. This procedure results in a highly specific callset that also maintains the high sensitivity of the inclusive starting callset constructed by multiple primary variant calling methods. Because the graph construction and mapping approach works for most types of SVs in addition to all short variants, variants of all different types can be integrated in a single step. Here we present the application of this method for cross-validating structural variants calls from Pacific Biosciences data by remapping deep Illumina WGS read sets to Variant Graphs constructed using the candidate Pacific Biosciences variants, as part of the Human Genome Structural Variation Consortium (HGSVC) data analysis project. We also present GRAPHITE9s application to improving the accuracy of allele frequency measurement in tumor sequencing data, which is essential for the accurate reconstruction of subclonal evolution in longitudinal tumor samples. Citation Format: Dillon Lee, Yi Qiao, Gabor Marth. A graph remapping framework for in silico adjudication of SNVs, INDELs, and structural variants from genetic sequencing data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3272.
Partial least squares analysis to describe the interactions between sediment properties and water quality in an agricultural watershed

Abstract Sediment and nutrient fluxes from agricultural areas to rivers have led to high dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations that promote algal blooms. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of sediments on aquatic nitrogen, especially DON, on such blooms. Here, concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DON, urea, free amino acids (DFAA), combined amino acids (DCAA), excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) were simultaneously determined in both sediments and the overlying waters from three different waterways and their interactions were analyzed, together with sediment enzyme activities, in the agriculture dominant St. Lucie Watershed. Concentrations of DCAA were generally higher, as compared to DFAA regardless of medium. The sum of urea and amino acids accounted for ∼20% of water DON. The composition of DCAA and DFAA varied between water and sediment. Degradation index of both DFAA and DCAA was similar between sediment and water, suggesting strong exchange activities between water and sediment. Sediment NH4-N concentration was associated closely with 14 water DFAA. A model, comprised of sediment DON, NH4-N, activities of acid phosphatase (AP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and two fluorescence compounds, can predict the variations of water NH4-N (55%), NO3-N (77%), DOC (83%), DON (64%), DFAA (>88%), DCAA (62–96%), and fluorescence indexes (98%). While this model provided an accurate prediction of water nutrient status in the St. Lucie Watershed, it still needs to be verified in situ across larger environmental gradients to incorporate real-world complexity and increase generality.
Pravastatin improves fetal survival in mice with a partial deficiency of heme oxygenase-1

Abstract Introduction Statins induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in vitro and in vivo. Low HO-1 expression is associated with pregnancy complications, e.g. preeclampsia and recurrent miscarriages. Here, we investigated the effects of pravastatin on HO-1 expression, placental development, and fetal survival in mice with a partial HO-1 deficiency. Methods At E14.5, untreated pregnant wild-type (WT, n=13–18), untreated HO-1+/− (Het, n=6–9), and Het mice treated with pravastatin (Het+Pravastatin, n=12–14) were sacrificed. Numbers of viable fetuses/resorbed concepti were recorded. Maternal livers and placentas were harvested for HO activity. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed on whole placentas. Results Compared with WT, HO activity in Het livers (65±18%, P Discussion Pravastatin induces maternal liver and placental HO activity, may affect placental function and improve fetal survival in the context of a partial deficiency of HO-1.
Collaborative Physician-Pharmacist-Managed Multiple Myeloma Clinic Improves Guideline Adherence and Prevents Treatment Delays.

Purpose:We hypothesized that a multidisciplinary collaborative physician-pharmacist multiple myeloma clinic would improve adherence to treatment and supportive care guidelines as well as reduce del...
Comparative validity and responsiveness of PHQ-ADS and other composite anxiety-depression measures

ABSTRACT Background Composite measures that assess the overall burden of anxiety and depressive symptoms have been infrequently evaluated in the same study. The objective of this study was to compare the validity and responsiveness of the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) and other composite anxiety-depression measures. Methods The sample comprised 256 primary care patients enrolled in a telecare trial of chronic musculoskeletal pain and comorbid depression and/or anxiety. Measures included the PHQ-ADS; the 8-item and 4-item depression and anxiety scales from the PROMIS profiles; the PHQ-anxiety-depression scale (PHQ-4); the SF-36 Mental Health scale; and the SF-12 Mental Component Summary scale. Correlations among these measures and health-related quality of life measures were examined. Responsiveness was evaluated by standardized response means, area under the curve (AUC) analyses, and treatment effect sizes in the trial. Results Convergent and construct validity was supported by strong correlations of the composite depression-anxiety measures with one another and moderate correlations with health-related quality of life measures, respectively. All composite measures differentiated patients who were better at 3 months, whereas the PHQ-ADS and PHQ-4 also distinguished the subgroup that had worsened. AUCs for composite measures were generally similar, whereas treatment effect sizes were largest for the PHQ-ADS. Limitations The study sample was predominantly male veterans enrolled from primary care who had chronic musculoskeletal pain and moderate levels of depression and anxiety. Conclusions Composite depression and anxiety scales are valid and responsive measures that may be useful as outcomes in research and clinical practice.
The Subject Specialist is Dead. Long Live the Subject Specialist

AbstractThe role of the subject specialist as selector must transform! Libraries need to recognize that the scholarly record is evolving, and they need to develop roles that reflect this reality. S...
Inference of Cellular Immune Environments in Sputum and Peripheral Blood Associated with Acute Exacerbations of COPD

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, with high associated costs. Most of the cost burden results from acute exacerbations of COPD (AE-COPD), events associated with heightened symptoms and mortality. Cellular mechanisms underlying AE-COPD are poorly understood, likely because they arise from dysregulation of complex immune networks across multiple tissue compartments. Methods To gain systems-level insight into cellular environments relevant to exacerbation, we applied data-driven modeling approaches to measurements of immune factors (cytokines and flow cytometry) measured previously in two different human tissue environments (sputum and peripheral blood) during the stable and exacerbated state. Results Using partial least squares discriminant analysis, we identified a unique signature of cytokines in serum that differentiated stable and AE-COPD better than individual measurements. Furthermore, we found that models integrating data across tissue compartments (serum and sputum) trended towards being more accurate. The resulting paracrine signature defining AE-COPD events combined elevations of proteins associated with cell adhesion (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1) and increased levels of neutrophils and dendritic cells in blood with elevated chemoattractants (IP-10 and MCP-2) in sputum. Conclusions Our results supported a new hypothesis that AE-COPD is driven by immune cell trafficking into the lung, which requires expression of cell adhesion molecules and raised levels of innate immune cells in blood, with parallel upregulated expression of specific chemokines in pulmonary tissue. Overall, this work serves as a proof-of-concept for using data-driven modeling approaches to generate new insights into cellular processes involved in complex pulmonary diseases.
Performance Investigation of 5G-Mobile Fronthaul using Analog RoF Technology

This paper presents the transmission performance of 5G mobile fronthaul based on the aggregation of multiple intermediate frequencies over a radio-over-fiber platform. Four scenarios describing the environment of single mode-fiber link are investigated for efficient bandwidth transmission. The effect of fiber transmission link parameters like dispersion, attenuation, transmission distance, lunch power, and number of aggregated signals are reported for three modulation formats (QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM). Increasing the transmission capacity by going toward wavelength division multiplexing with 1 GHz-channel bandwidth is discussed. The simulation reveals that the maximum transmission distance of 16x200 MHz-bandwidth mobile signals over SMF operating at 1550 nm is 82, 69, and 25 km with bit rates 10.24, 20.48 and 30.72 GB/s for QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM, respectively, at launch power equal to 0 dBm. These values are to be compared with 29, 20 and 13 km (9.6, 51.2 and 76.8 Gb/s), respectively, when 8x1 GHz-bandwidth signals are transmitted.
Product Recalls and Channel Pricing

We propose a stochastic differential game between a manufacturer and a retailer to investigate how the risk of facing a product recall impacts pricing strategies in marketing channels. By doing so, we analyze whether vendor agreements between manufacturers and retailers, which are signed before any unit is sold, could distort channel profits by aggravating double marginalization. We characterize the equilibrium pricing strategies in closed form for both linear and quadratic costs of recall. We find that the manufacturer and the retailer respond differently to certain clauses of the vendor agreement, but that in equilibrium, such agreements do not distort channel profit, even when costs of recall are quadratic.
Creating Context Through Performance: Perception of the ‘Dancing Droid’ Robotic Platform in Variable Valence Interactions in Distinct Office Environments

Operating robots in multiple contexts and environments is currently a challenge, both in functional aspects of design as well as expressive aspects. This paper presents a pilot study using performance and environment to create distinct contexts around the same robotic system. Three distinct environments and three distinct performative interactions with the robot were used to test whether or not individuals experienced the same robotic system differently based on which condition they were exposed to and whether they noticed differences between the distinct scenarios when viewing in series. This study used three observation scenarios (Positive, Negative, and Neutral), combining choreographic design (a human performer’s movement and behavior, especially in relation to robots) and interior design (the elements of the physical observation space). This study found that the Positive Scenario robot was most successful as a companion robot, and that the Negative Scenario robot made participants the least comfortable, aligning with the predicted effect. Qualitative feedback provides further insight into why participants rated the robots this way. This work gives an example of how moving the same robot in between new contexts may result in unanticipated expressive characteristics or interpretation by human viewers.
Eco-Alchemy: Anthroposophy and the History and Future of Environmentalism

Anthroposophy, the movement spearheaded by Rudolph Steiner (1861–1925) that includes Waldorf schools, biodynamic farming, ecological banks, and Camphill communities (providing education for disable...