cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using DHS to Identify Sites for HIV Prevention Trials

Recruiting high-risk, HIV-negative participants is challenging for HIV prevention trials. This study aimed to 1) identify and characterize subsets of high-risk women based on responses to demographic and psychosocial questions from the AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS) and 2) develop a rapid, inexpensive tool for site identification. We developed a latent class model (LCM), hypothesizing that AIS respondents could be grouped by responses to psychosocial indicators, and that these latent classes would vary by HIV status, socio-demographic, and other indicators. We tested our model on women respondents from the Tanzania 2003 AIS Survey, and replicated it in several other populations. LCM produced four classes of women who significantly varied by psychosocial indicators and HIV status. Geographic differences in HIV prevalence and class composition were observed. Our approach has the potential to provide a more systematic, inexpensive and rapid strategy to identify HIV prevention trial sites.
PRE-BUD: Prefetching for energy-efficient parallel I/O systems with buffer disks

A critical problem with parallel I/O systems is the fact that disks consume a significant amount of energy. To design economically attractive and environmentally friendly parallel I/O systems, we propose an energy-aware prefetching strategy (PRE-BUD) for parallel I/O systems with disk buffers. We introduce a new architecture that provides significant energy savings for parallel I/O systems using buffer disks while maintaining high performance. There are two buffer disk configurations: (1) adding an extra buffer disk to accommodate prefetched data, and (2) utilizing an existing disk as the buffer disk. PRE-BUD is not only able to reduce the number of power-state transitions, but also to increase the length and number of standby periods. As such, PRE-BUD conserves energy by keeping data disks in the standby state for increased periods of time. Compared with the first prefetching configuration, the second configuration lowers the capacity of the parallel disk system. However, the second configuration is more cost-effective and energy-efficient than the first one. Finally, we quantitatively compare PRE-BUD with both disk configurations against three existing strategies. Empirical results show that PRE-BUD is able to reduce energy dissipation in parallel disk systems by up to 50 percent when compared against a non-energy aware approach. Similarly, our strategy is capable of conserving up to 30 percent energy when compared to the dynamic power management technique.
Relating Quality of Center‐Based Child Care to Early Cognitive and Language Development Longitudinally

How quality of center-based child care relates to early cognitive and language development was examined longitudinally from 6 to 36 months of age in a sample of 89 African American children. Both structural and process measures of quality of child care were collected through observation of the infant classroom. Results indicated that higher quality child care was related to higher measures of cognitive development (Bayley Scales of Infant Development), language development (Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development), and communication skills (Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales) across time, even after adjusting for selected child and family characteristics. In addition, classrooms that met professional recommendations regarding child:adult ratios tended to have children with better language skills. Classrooms that met recommendations regarding teacher education tended to have girls with better cognitive and receptive language skills. These findings, in conjunction with the growing child-care literature, provide further evidence that researchers and policymakers should strive to improve the quality of child care to enhance early development of such vulnerable children.
MEMS ultrasonic transducers for the testing of solids

Arrays of capacitive diaphragm ultrasonic transducers could potentially be used for non-destructive ultrasonic testing and structural monitoring. In this paper, we consider the efficiency of coupling of these transducers to solid media. We show that efficient coupling can be realized by using a silicone coating as a coupling medium. We present the results of experimental characterization of ultrasonic transducers coupled to solids in this way. We show that these transducers can be used with piezoelectric emitting transducers within the range from 1 to 5 MHz, and we demonstrate the use of several transducers as a phased array to determine the direction and distance of an ultrasonic source.
PALEOECOLOGY AND TAPHONOMY OF TWO NEW EDRIOASTEROIDS FROM A MISSISSIPPIAN HARDGROUND IN KENTUCKY

A recently discovered series of hardground surfaces in the lower Salem Limestone (Meramecian, Mississippian) and upper Muldraugh Member of the Borden Formation (upper Osagean to lower Meramecian, Mississippian), in Hardin County, Kentucky is colonized by a hard substrate community that includes three species of pyrgate edrioasteroids. Torquerisediscus kypsi n. gen. and n. sp. differs from other edrioasteroids by bearing a cyclic pattern of twelve ambulacral cover plates and meandering distal ambulacra. Ulrichidiscus spinosus n. sp. differs from other species of Ulrichidiscus by the presence of large spines on the ambulacral cover plates, anal pyramid plates, and hydropore orals. Two small specimens are assigned tentatively to Ulrichidiscus aff. pulaskiensis. Edrioasteroid populations occurring on several surfaces show marked differences in size frequency distribution. Three of the surfaces only have large individuals of Torquerisediscus kypsi whereas a fourth surface is colonized by only juvenile specimens of T. kypsi as well as both species of Ulrichidiscus suggesting subtle differences in environment and duration of surface colonization prior to burial. Furthermore, taphonomic pathways differ among these four surfaces with some containing only disrupted individuals and others con- taining only fully articulated individuals suggesting either differences in burial depth, or some differences in decomposition of edrioas- teroid carcasses prior to final burial.
(E)-2-{[(Furan-2-ylmeth-yl)imino]-meth-yl}-4-nitro-phenol.

In the title compound, C12H10N2O4, the furan-2-ylmethyl group is disordered over two sets of sites, with refined occupancies of 0.858 (3) and 0.143 (3). In the major component of disorder, the dihedral angle between the furan and benzene rings is 63.1 (2)° and for the minor component this value is 67.9 (6)°. The planes of the nitro group and the attached benzene ring form a dihedral angle of 4.34 (17)°. In the crystal, inversion-related mol­ecules are linked by two pairs of weak C—H⋯O inter­actions, one involving the nitro group and the other involving the O—H group as an acceptor. As a result of these associations, ribbons are formed along [120]. A strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond is observed.
Trial by Jury and the Constitutional Rights of the Accused in Russia

This article discusses the Russian criminal justice system’s transformation from the unjust Soviet system and the introduction of trial by jury. It specifically addresses the role of supplementary investigations in the new adversary procedure and the newly introduced privilege against self-incrimination. The author concludes that even though reforms have improved the Russian criminal justice system, elements of the Soviet system, such as supplementary investigations, remain, undermining the purpose of the new system.
Taxonomic Use of Endophallic Structures in Some Attelabidae and Rhynchitidae of America, North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), with Notes on Nomenclature

The endophallic transfer apparatus and other special structures on the walls of the endophallic sac in male attelabid and rhynchitid weevils provide useful characters for the lower taxonomic categories. A sclerotized transfer apparatus or armature on the wall of the endophallic sac was observed in 33 of the 50 species. Illustrations are provided for 13 species representing the 13 recognized genera. All 6 attelabid species possess unique endophallic transfer apparatuses. Twenty-eight of 44 recognized rhynchitid species possess endophallic structures. Examination of the endophallic structures in attelabids has resulted in 2 new synonyms and one name in new combination. In rhynchitids 8 new synonyms are indicated and 3 names are used in new combination.
Plant morphology and grazing history: Relationships between native grasses and herbivores

Grazing-related, intraspecific, morphological variation was studied in four North American grasses (Bouteloua gracilis, Agropyron smithii, Schizachyrium scoparium, and Andropogon gerardii) from eight locales in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota: three locales currently occupied and heavily grazed by prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), colonized (since settlement) for 2–100 years, where native ungulates concentrate grazing activities; an extinct colony locale from which prairie dogs were removed 30 years previously, moderately to lightly grazed by ungulates; two noncolony locales, moderately to lightly grazed by ungulates; and two locales from within a 50-year-old grazing exclosure, with no known history of grazing by prairie dogs nor any recent grazing by ungulates. Data were collected both in situ and in common environments. Active-colony plants were more frequently and more heavily grazed than those at other grazed locales. In situ, plants from heavily grazed populations were smaller and more prostrate than those from populations with little or no grazing (including the extinct colony) and interpopulation variation corresponded to current grazer use. After several growing seasons in common environments, there were still significant interpopulation differences; however, variation often corresponded with grazing history. Although differences between active-colony and noncolony plants were somewhat reduced (indicating some phenotypic plasticity), active-colony plants were still smaller and more prostrate. However, extinct-colony plants more closely resembled active-colony plants than noncolony plants. Morphological variation among these populations is the result of more than simple grazer use; historical factors and the dynamic nature of the grazing regimes are also contributing factors.
132 RESUSCITATION OF NONVIABLE INFANTS: WILL NEONATOLOGISTS' PRACTICE CHANGE AFTER THE BORN-ALIVE INFANT PROTECTION ACT?

Background The Born-Alive Infant Protection Act of 2002 (BAIPA) defined the legal status of infants showing any sign of life; it did not mandate resuscitation. In April 2005, the federal government issued guidelines on enforcement of BAIPA, obligating treatment of all live-born infants without regard to gestational age (GA) or birth weight (BW). Methods We surveyed all neonatologists in California (n = 360). The mailed questionnaire asked physicians how their current resuscitation and neonatal intensive care practices for likely nonviable infants (20-24 wks GA) would change in response to enforcement of BAIPA. Results We received 87 completed questionnaires (response rate = 20%, to date); 8 physicians refused participation. Most respondents had not heard of BAIPA (64%) or enforcement guidelines (81%). Only 7% believed these guidelines should be enforced. Most respondents agreed that BAIPA clarified the definition of born-alive infants (68%) but criticized the guidelines as inappropriate governmental regulation of medical care (93%), not standard of care (93%), and not evidence based (95%). Respondents felt that enforcement of BAIPA would increase number of 20 to 23 6/7wk GA infants being resuscitated (89%), prompt overly aggressive treatment of nonsurvivors (89%), and restrict options to withhold or withdraw life support (79%). Regarding personal practices, respondents would not lower their current minimum GA or BW thresholds for routine resuscitation if BAIPA were enforced, but they would lower the maximum GA and BW at which they would allow only palliative care (Table). Conclusions Although most California neonatologists regard BAIPA as inappropriate governmental intervention in perinatal care, their practices may change if this legislation is enforced. Since most 20-24 wk GA infants do not survive, government enforcement of BAIPA may motivate physicians to resuscitate nonviable infants. Government intervention in resuscitation decisions for likely nonviable extremely premature infants could increase health care costs, prolong suffering in children who die, or augment survival of children with major disabilities.
Enlightenment of traditional Chinese culture in Taiwan′s rural regions

This study explores the root of Taiwan′s rural culture from agricultural and rural culture elements;discusses the necessity of developing cultural industries in rural areas,and its enlightenment for cross-strait agricultural relations development.This paper indicates that because of the lack of cultural enhancement,industrialization in Taiwan not only does not help to the development of agriculture,but also undermines the harmony of rural areas.The Chinese mainland should avoid similar situation to happen again,protect peasants′ work and living space,and provide employment opportunities for peasants in rural area.The Chinese mainland and Taiwan have different focus on agricultural issues,but all need a comprehensive supporting problem solving strategies and measures for "countryside-agriculture-peasantry" issue.From the long-term agricultural development and sustainable development perspective,the purposes of developing cultural industries in rural area are not only creating rural employment opportunities and boosting the confidence of rural residents for agriculture,but also shaping the new culture and values in the development process.Therefore,the Chinese mainland and Taiwan should regard agriculture as a "cultural industry",promote Chinese culture and traditions,and strengthen cultural exchanges and mutual visits.
Addressing cross-cultural teamwork barriers: Implications for industry practice and higher education curricula

This study explores cultural factors affecting international team dynamics and the implications for industry practice and higher education. Despite decades of studying and experience with cultural diversity, international work groups continue to be challenged by ethnocentrism and prejudices. Central to the context is that cultural differences in international teamwork result in a dynamic push–pull tension between seemingly contradictory forces: the diversity of the team members and the desired unity of the team’s purpose and activities. Thus there is a critical demand for increased intercultural competence for industry practitioners and higher education students. Recommendations for improving international teamwork dynamics and implications for higher education curricula are offered.
2015 Rosalie Wolf Memorial Award Lecture: Past, present, and future of elder abuse

This article aims to advance the global issue of elder abuse through exploring how the current body of elder abuse literature can collectively pave the way for present and future directions for research, practice, and policy.
Universal design as a conceptual framework for describing usability of products and environments: an applied example using the kitchen environment

This study assessed the goals of universal design (UD) defined by Steinfeld and Maisel (2012), as a conceptual framework for classifying usability problems experienced in the home kitchen environment by diverse user populations. Seven focus groups were conducted with three populations: wheelchair users, persons with vision impairment, and older adults. Participant-reported usability problems were mapped onto the eight goals of UD. The data suggest that UD goals provide a useful framework for classifying real-world usability problems. In addition, the UD goals demonstrated the potential to discriminate among populations and distinguish the nature of the environment. Whereas traditional product usability measures emphasise user performance, the UD goals re-focus attention on functional demands that products and environments place on end users. These findings are an important first step in the research pathway needed to elevate UD from a respected conceptual philosophy to a valuable tool embraced by product designers and managers.
Developing a Quality Improvement Process to Optimize Faculty Success

As part of a major shift to embed quality improvement processes within a School of Nursing at a medium-sized Midwestern university, a faculty enrichment program using a Plan-Do-Act-Study design was implemented. A central focus for the program was the development and maintenance of an online faculty resource center identified as “My Faculty Center.” Nursing faculty used the tools in My Faculty Center to assess their baseline skills in the areas of teaching & learning best practices, use of learning management system, and technology. The first goal (Goal 1) of the systematic faculty development program was to measure the impact of the Faculty Enrichment program on overall faculty development with regards to technology. The second goal (Goal 2) was to evaluate the relationship, if any, between faculty development and student evaluations. To meet Goal 2, data from IDEA end-of-course evaluations (IDEA, n.d.) and the skills assessments were correlated. Results indicated that the instructor’s desire to learn more about teaching and learning best practices was positively correlated with students providing higher scores on progress on relevant objectives, perceiving the instructor as an excellent teacher, and the course summary scores. When students rated an instructor as an excellent teacher, that instructor self-reported a higher level of applying skills in using Desire-to-Learn (D2L). Negative correlations were found between the instructor’s self-reported skills with presentation and multimedia tools and the students’ perception of progress toward objectives, excellence of course, and overall course score. Based on the initial results, future professional development will optimize adequate training on the Learning Management System (i.e. D2L), for all faculty, and emphasize the effective use of technology in the classroom.
Incremental Cancer Detection of Locoregional Restaging with Diagnostic Mammography Combined with Whole-Breast and Regional Nodal Ultrasound in Women with Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer.

Rationale and Objectives This study aims to determine if locoregional restaging with diagnostic mammography and ultrasound (US) of the whole breast and regional nodes performed for quality assurance in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer who were referred to a tertiary care center yields incremental cancer detection. Materials and Methods An institutional review board-approved retrospective, single-institution database review was performed on the first 1000 women referred to our center in 2010 with a provisional breast cancer diagnosis. Locoregional restaging consisted of diagnostic full-field digital mammography combined with US of the whole breast and regional nodal basins. Bilateral whole-breast US was performed in women with contralateral mammographic abnormality or had heterogeneously or extremely dense parenchyma. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic factors were analyzed. Results Final analyses included 401 women. Of the 401 women, 138 (34%) did not have their outside images available for review upon referral. The median age was 54 years (range 21–92); the median tumor size was 2.9 cm (range 0.6–18.0) for women whose disease was upstaged and 2.2 cm (range 0.4–15.0) for women whose disease was not upstaged. Incremental cancer detection rates were 15.5% (62 of 401) in the ipsilateral breast and 3.9% (6 of 154) in the contralateral breast (P < 0.0001). The total upstage rate was 25% (100 of 401). Surgical management changed from segmentectomy to mastectomy in 12% (50 of 401). The re-excision rate after segmentectomy was 19% (35 of 189). Conclusions Locoregional restaging with diagnostic mammography combined with whole-breast and regional nodal US that is performed for standardization of the imaging workup for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients can reduce underestimation of disease burden and impact therapeutic planning.
Evaluation of a modified method to measure total starch in animal feeds.

Abstract The AOAC method 996.11 ( AOAC, 2005 ) has been recognized as an accurate, repeatable, and efficient method to measure total starch in animal feeds. However, analyzing starch using the AOAC method can be expensive and associated with technical challenges. The objectives of this study were to determine if an alternative modified starch method (MAOAC) could be more economical and minimize technical challenges associated with the AOAC method. Modification of the AOAC method, 996.11 ( AOAC, 2005 ) was done by combining the AOAC method with the acetate buffer method of Hall (2009) and introducing alpha-amylase (1162 liquefon units/assay) and amyloglucosidase (400 units/assay) from different sources (ANKOM Technology Inc., Macedon, NY and Sigma–Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO). Dried rumen and fecal samples, alfalfa hay, dried distillers grains with solubles, corn silage, total mixed ration (TMR), concentrate mixture, ground corn, and pure corn starch were analyzed using the AOAC and MAOAC methods. Two technicians performed two runs of each method and all samples were analyzed in duplicate within each run. The average starch concentration for 9 samples was not affected by method (AOAC method = 298.7 ± 1.84; MAOAC = 298.0 ± 1.39 g/kg; P = 0.49), technician (technician I = 297.8 ± 12.8 g/kg; technician II = 299.0 ± 19.6 g/kg; P = 0.24), or run (run I = 298.4 ± 15.3 g/kg; run II = 298.1 ± 17.0 g/kg; P = 0.59). The average time spent to analyze 18 assays was approximately 3 h for both methods. Average chemical cost per assay with the MAOAC method was $0.88 compared with $3.41 for the AOAC method. There was a 79% decrease in water consumption for the samples containing >100 g/kg starch with the MAOAC method compared with the AOAC method. The MAOAC starch assay could be considered a cost-effective, more environmentally friendly, and less technically difficult method compared with the AOAC starch method.
The grain-boundary structural unit model redux

Abstract Properties of grain boundaries (GBs) and their underlying structures are key to understanding polycrystalline material phenomena. The most widely used model for GB structure is the structural unit model (SUM), introduced ∼ 50 years ago. The SUM represents GB structure as a combination of structural units (SUs); this combination evolves systematically with GB misorientation. Despite its successes, many observations suggest the SUM does not completely describe the GB structure; its utility for predicting GB properties is limited. There has been a growing realization that, even for fixed misorientation, multiple stable/metastable structures are common (corresponding to different microscopic degrees of freedom). We generalize the SUM by considering the effect of such metastable structures. While the SUM can describe GB structure evolution between a pair of delimiting boundaries, there will be many such evolutionary paths, corresponding to SUs associated with the metastable structure of the delimiting boundaries. The equilibrium GB energy vs. misorientation does not necessarily correspond to one of these paths, but will have contributions from many. Recognizing this, we propose a new approach to predict GB structure and energy, allowing for accurate determination of the GB energy vs. misorientation based on a very small number of atomistic simulations. For example, we predict the GB energy vs. misorientation for [ 100 ] and [ 111 ] symmetric tilt boundaries in BCC tungsten over the entire misorientation range to a mean error of 2 % based on atomistic simulations at only three or four misorientations. Our approach allows for the trade-off between computational cost and prediction accuracy.
UNIVERSAL TRAVERSAL SEQUENCES, GRAPH TRAVERSAL AND GRAPH IDENTIFICATION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses universal traversal sequences, graph traversal, and graph identification. The most general class of graphs, which an automaton could traverse, is the class of strongly connected, finite digraphs. The automaton can never halt with certainty. An automaton cannot distinguish between any two different cyclic graphs. For regular graphs, the input is always the same. A universal traversal sequence (UTS) cannot be periodic or ultimately periodic. A sequence is a UTS only if it is a full sequence. A Turing acceptor for UTSs writes the binary representation of 0 on a scratch tape and scans the input tape without backing up for 0. The Turing acceptor treats the string on the scratch tape as an integer. When it matches that string with a segment on the input tape, it adds 1 to the scratch tape and continues to scan the input tape looking for a new match. The Turing acceptor never backs up on the input tape.
Using Press Ganey Provider Feedback to Improve Patient Satisfaction: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective The objective was to conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility, logistics, and potential effect of monthly provider funnel plot feedback reports from Press Ganey data and semiannual face-to-face coaching sessions to improve patient satisfaction scores. Methods This was a pilot randomized controlled trial of 25 emergency medicine faculty providers in one urban academic emergency department. We enrolled full-time clinical faculty with at least 12 months of baseline Press Ganey data, who anticipated working in the ED for at least 12 additional months. Providers were randomized into intervention or control groups in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group had an initial 20-minute meeting to introduce the funnel plot feedback tool and standardized feedback based on their baseline Press Ganey scores and then received a monthly e-mail with their individualized funnel plot depicting cumulative Press Ganey scores (compared to their baseline score and the mean score of all providers) for 12 months. The primary outcome was the difference in Press Ganey “doctor-overall” scores between treatment groups at 12 months. We used a weighted analysis of covariance model to analyze the study groups, accounting for variation in the number of surveys by provider and baseline scores. Results Of 36 eligible faculty, we enrolled 25 providers, 13 of whom were randomized to the intervention group and 12 to the control group. During the study period, there were 815 Press Ganey surveys returned, ranging from four to 71 surveys per provider. For the standardized overall doctor score over 12 months (primary outcome), there was no difference between the intervention and control groups (difference = 1.3 points, 95% confidence interval = –2.4 to 5.9, p = 0.47). Similarly, there was no difference between groups when evaluating the four categories of doctor-specific patient satisfaction scores from the Press Ganey survey (all p > 0.05). Conclusions In this pilot trial of monthly provider funnel plot Press Ganey feedback reports, there was no difference in patient satisfaction scores between the intervention and control groups after 12 months. While this study was not powered to detect outcome differences, we demonstrate the feasibility, logistics, and effect sizes that could be used to inform future definitive trials.
CUDA-accelerated task scheduling in vehicular clouds with opportunistically available V2I

In this paper, we consider the use of CUDA-based Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) as high performance parallel computing for the purpose of accelerating the application task scheduling in Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) systems. We leverage the Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) mode in General-Purpose Graphic Processing Units (GPGPUs) to solve the value iteration algorithm of the defined Markov Decision Process (MDP) of task scheduling on real VCC. We consider opportunistically available Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication in Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) used in Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) for the vehicular clouds.
The simulation analysis of transformer recovery voltage by field and circuit method based on PSO algorithm

Oil immersed distribution transformers are widely used in the distribution network. The internal insulation system is composed of oil-paper composite material. The distribution transformer has short-time overload operation, so deterioration of the insulation performance of internal oil-paper system will take place. It is a convenient and effective method to evaluate the insulation status of oil-paper insulation system to a certain extent. The typical oil-paper insulation system model of the distribution transformer is established in the ANSYS simulation environment. The voltage waveform during the recovery voltage measurement is applied to the model, the characteristics of the E-field distribution at critical time points are analyzed. The principle of recovery voltage is analyzed using lumped circuit. The multi-parameter extended Debye model is resolved by the theoretical formula. On the MATLAB/Simulink platform, the Debye parameter model is extended to the lumped parameter circuit. The Simulink-PSO algorithm is used to realize the nonlinear fitting the Debye parameters, and the influence principle of the lumped parameters on the polarization spectrum is analyzed quantitatively. The study found that the field-circuit simulation analysis shows the transient process exists in the recovery voltage measurement. The charge transfer at the interface of oil-paper composite insulation is the main reason for the transient process. MATLAB/Simulink can be used to construct the multi-branch extended Debye model, and carried out numerical simulation. The PSO algorithm can effectively search the lumped parameter of Debye model. In this paper, the electric field and circuit method are used to analyze the recovery voltage of oil-paper composite insulation, the lumped parameter inversion algorithm of Debye model is proposed, it provides the theoretical guidance for the insulation condition monitoring of oil immersed distribution transformer.
Ground-State Ionization Potentials for Ionized Atoms by the Thomas-Fermi Model

A calculation has been made of the ionization potentials for atoms of arbitrary $Z$ and arbitrary degree of ionization using the Thomas-Fermi model. A modified approach is used to numerically evaluate the binding and ionization energies which depends on an integration scheme that starts at the atomic radius and proceeds inward to the origin. Since exchange energy is not included, the results are not reliable for $\ensuremath{\gamma}l0.1$, where $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is the fractional deviation of the ion from neutrality. Also the results cannot be used when the ion has only a few electrons left since then the statistical assumption breaks down.
Malignancy in the Brain-Dead Organ Donor

The ongoing shortage of organ donors requires meticulous evaluation of all potential organ offers so as to maximize use of these lifesaving gifts. Such efforts must be counterbalanced by equal concerns for recipient safety. An important aspect of this process includes minimizing the possibility that unsuspected donor disease, including cancer, may be transmitted to the recipient. In this chapter, we discuss donor cancer and place it into context with current United States Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) policy, current experience, and with efforts to minimize the risk of transmission via transplantation. Current systems to systematize categories of risk transmission are discussed and the use of organs from donors with certain types of tumors is considered. Certain aspects of particular interest in the case of the potential organ donor with brain death will be emphasized.
Production of Uniparental Embryonic Stem Cell Lines

Embryonic stem cells, or induced pluripotent cells derived from somatic cells, can yield differentiated progeny with potential applicability for tissue repair. This chapter describes the generation of embryonic stem cells from gamete-derived uniparental embryos. These embryonic stem cells can be patient-derived and potentially histocompatible with the gamete donor. The production of uniparental embryos followed by derivation of embryonic stem cells can be accomplished without producing fertilized zygotes, an advantage that avoids some ethical issues. We describe methods for the generation of uniparental embryonic stem cells from mouse uniparental embryos. We also address evaluation of the integrity of the lines generated, an essential criterion in interpreting differentiation assays in vivo and in vitro.
The Rhetoric of Logic and the Logic of Rhetoric: Critique of the New Rhetoric

If our critique of the psychology of reasoning is correct, works and texts like the Galilean ones examined earlier provide more adequate data for a theory of reasoning than that provided by the usual controlled experiments done by psychologists. Moreover, since what we want is a scientific theory of reasoning, there is no reason why we should not avail ourselves of the scientific methodology worked out earlier, when we discussed the methodological content of Galileo’s science (Chapter 5), the essential characteristics of his methodology (Chapter 6), and the problem of scientific rationality (Chapter 8). Though that methodology does not provide us with simple recipes and rules to follow, it does provide us with a model to emulate and a basic idea to follow. The idea is to isolate or define a number of relevant concepts or categories, and while thinking in their terms to practically exercise our judgment on the concrete materials being studied. For a theory of reasoning, the material is of course arguments, and the relevant categories are such potentially conflicting polarities as: logic and history, logic and psychology, the conceptual and the empirical, logic and rhetoric, the abstract and the concrete, the formal and the contextual, the theoretical and the practical, the descriptive- explanatory and the prescriptive-evaluative, the general and the particular. Having already examined the first few of these, let us go on to logic and rhetoric.
Mental Illness/Emotional Problems

The cost of mental illness/emotional problems is both calculable and incalculable. We cannot affix a cost to the plight of millions of Americans who suffer from mental illness/emotional problems. We can, however, state how much it costs to care for these Americans. In terms of health and of cost, mental illness/emotional problems are probably the single greatest health problem of the American people. The Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) reports in its National Data Book (1980)3 that in 1978 national health expenditures were estimated to be $192.4 billion, representing 9.1% of the gross national product. Of this total, it was estimated that approximately $19 billion, or 9%, were expended for direct care (evaluation and treatment) of the “mentally ill.”
Yield of chicken parts: Proximate composition and mineral content

Data on the mineral composition of chicken have been limited in spite of the relatively high consumption of this food source.
Singularity-free quantum tracking control of molecular rotor orientation

Quantum tracking control aims to identify applied fields to steer the expectation values of particular observables along desired paths in time. The associated temporal fields can be identified by inverting the underlying dynamical equations for the observables. However, fields found in this manner are often plagued by undesirable singularities. In this paper we consider a planar molecular rotor and derive singularity-free tracking expressions for the fields that steer the expectation of the orientation of the rotor along the desired trajectories in time. Simulations are presented that utilize two orthogonal control electric fields to drive the orientation of the rotor along a series of designated tracks.
Metaxology and Environmental Ethics: On the Ethical Response to the Aesthetics of Nature as Other in the Between

In the last contribution, Alexandra Romanyshyn discusses the role that a metaxological worldview can play in environmental ethics. She suggests that Desmond’s critique of modernity explains the disregard and devaluation shown towards nature, and that metaxology can provide a more ethical approach to nature.
Long, Charles H. 2018. 'Ellipsis … The Collected Writings of Charles H. Long'

Long, Charles H. 2018. Ellipsis … The Collected Writings of Charles H. Long. New York: Bloomsbury. xiv + 439pp. ISBN: 978-1-3500-3263-7 £130.00 (hbk); ISBN: 978-1-3500-3265-1 £140.40 (e-pub); ISBN: 978-1-3500-3264-4 £140.40 (e-pdf).
Numerical parametric study to evaluate the performance of a Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil–Integrated Bridge System (GRS-IBS) under service loading

Abstract This paper presents the evaluation of the performance of the Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil-Integrated Bridge System (GRS-IBS) in terms of lateral facing deformation, strain distribution along geosynthetics, and the location of potential failure zone (locus of maximum strain) subjected to service loading. Simulations were conducted using two-dimensional (2D) PLAXIS 2016 Finite Element (FE) program. The hardening soil model proposed by Schanz et al. (1999) was used to simulate the behavior of the backfill material; the interface between the backfill materials and the reinforcement was simulated using the Mohr-Coulomb frictional model, and the reinforcement and facing block were simulated using the linear elastic model. The numerical model was first verified using results of a field case study conducted at the GRS-IBS of Maree Michel Bridge, Louisiana. A parametric study was then carried out to investigate the effects of abutment height, span length, reinforcement spacing, and reinforcement stiffness on the performance of the GRS-IBS. The results of the FE analyses indicate that the abutment height and span length have significant impact on the maximum strain distribution along the geosynthetic, and the lateral facing displacement. It was noted that the reinforcement stiffness has a significant impact on the GRS-IBS behavior up to a certain point, beyond which the effect tends to decrease contradictory to the reinforcement spacing that has a consistent relationship between the GRS-IBS behavior and the reinforcement spacing. The results also indicate that the reinforcement spacing has greater influence on the lateral facing displacement than the reinforcement stiffness for the same reinforcement strength to spacing ratio (Tf/Sv), mainly due to the composite behavior resulting from closely reinforced soil.
Treatment of Urinary and Sexual Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease

Treating urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves a multicomponent approach. This incorporates patient goals for care and prioritizes lifestyle and behavioral therapy prior to the initiation of drug therapy in order to avoid adverse drug events. In addition to a targeted exam and careful medication review, assessment of mobility and cognitive function are important to develop patient-centered approaches to care. Pelvic floor muscle exercise-based behavioral therapy is a reasonable first approach to treat urinary symptoms. Drug therapy for urinary incontinence may involve bladder relaxants and/or treatments for concomitant bladder outlet obstruction in men. After evaluation of comorbid conditions and medications affecting sexual function, education regarding treatment options and specialist referral may be considered. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors should be used with caution in men with orthostatic hypotension, and limited evidence suggests efficacy for erectile dysfunction in PD.
Robotic Interval Cytoreductive Surgery for Stage IV Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Video Objective To demonstrate a surgical video where-in interval cytoreduction to no gross residual disease was performed robotically in a patient with Stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer. Setting Tertiary referral center. Interventions 43-year-old Caucasian female was diagnosed with stage IV-A high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma after presenting with shortness of breath. Computed tomography showed bilateral pleural effusions, adnexal masses, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, omental caking. Thoracentesis confirmed adenocarcinoma of Mullerian primary. She received three cycles of neoadjuvant carboplatinum and paclitaxel with excellent clinical response and was taken to the operating room for robotic-assisted interval cytoreductive surgery. Trocars were placed on a straight horizontal line along the umbilical fold. The rectosigmoid colon was mobilized medially. Pararectal and paravesical spaces were developed. Ureterolysis was completed bilaterally. The uterine vessels were sealed at the hypogastric bifurcation. Infundibulopelvic (IP) ligament was sealed and cut. Bilateral pelvic sidewall peritoneum was resected. Bladder flap was developed. Colpotomy was performed and the hysterectomy specimen was removed. Procedure was then continued with debulking of enlarged lymph nodes, from bilateral pelvic sidewalls and peri-aortic area. The robotic arms were targeted to the upper abdomen for total omentectomy. Access to the lesser sac was gained by resecting short gastic vessels, along the greater curvature of the stomach. The incision was then extended to the splenic flexure and hepatic flexure. Total omentectomy was completed. Remaining subcentimeter tumoral nodules along the peritoneal surfaces were ablated with argon beam coagulator. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged home on postoperative day 1. Pathology confirmed high grade serous ovarian carcinoma. She was resumed on chemotherapy two weeks after her cytoreductive surgery. Conclusion Laparoscopic/robotic interval cytoreductive surgery should be considered in advanced ovarian cancer patients, who have an excellent clinical response to NACT. Studies to accurately identify the appropriate patient population for laparoscopic/robotic debulking procedures are urgently encouraged and needed.
PREDICTORS OF DECREASING HEART FAILURE MORTALITY RATES IN A MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY

Heart failure (HF) is a global burden and portends high morbidity and mortality. Developed countries continue to show an increase in survival after the onset of HF. However, improvement has not been even amongst all demographics. Little is known about mortality trends in low- and middle-income
Students’ struggles with temporal order in the limit definition: uncovering resources using knowledge in pieces

A few case studies have suggested students’ struggles with the temporal order of epsilon and delta in the formal limit definition. This study problematizes this hypothesis by exploring students’ cl...
Hemodynamic Effects of Dexmedetomidine in Adults With Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure.

Background:Dexmedetomidine (DEX) can cause hypotension complicating its use in critically ill patients with labile hemodynamics secondary to an underlying disease state such as heart failure. The a...
Wavepacket phase-space quantum Monte Carlo method

We develop a novel numerical method for solving the Wigner equation which does not rely upon evaluation of the Wigner kernel and utilizes quantum trajectories. This method is a generalization of the effective potential approach widely used in semiconductor TCAD tools while also solving the full Wigner equation. The method’s accuracy is demonstrated with several standard examples.
Anisotropic models for compact star with various equation of state

We model anisotropic compact stars by solving Einstein field equation with a generalized form of equation of state (EoS) and a physically reasonable metric potential $$g_{rr}$$ which allows us to extract models with various type of EoSs such as linear, quadratic, polytrope, Chaplygin and Color-flavor-locked. The generated interior metrics match smoothly with the exterior Schwarzschild metric. The radius $$R = 8.301$$ km and mass $$M=1.0359M_{\odot }$$ of the strange star candidate SMC X-1 has been used as reference to check the physical validity of the generated models. The physical quantities emanating from the analysis for all generated models are regular and well behaved throughout the interior of the star and satisfy the necessary criterion of a realistic anisotropic star. The significance of EoSs in modeling a realistic star with regard to its gross physical behavior has been illustrated by graphical analysis. A complete physical analysis has been performed for the main physical observables, such as the density $$\rho $$ , the radial and tangential pressures as well as the anisotropy factor. Moreover, the stability of the star has been checked by means of the velocities of the pressure waves and the relativistic adiabatic index. The generated models satisfy the Bondi’s stability condition and Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation for static equilibrium for all type of EoSs. The effect of anisotropy on cracking condition has been discussed.
Real-time Attack-recovery for Cyber-physical Systems Using Linear-quadratic Regulator

The increasing autonomy and connectivity in cyber-physical systems (CPS) come with new security vulnerabilities that are easily exploitable by malicious attackers to spoof a system to perform dangerous actions. While the vast majority of existing works focus on attack prevention and detection, the key question is “what to do after detecting an attack?”. This problem attracts fairly rare attention though its significance is emphasized by the need to mitigate or even eliminate attack impacts on a system. In this article, we study this attack response problem and propose novel real-time recovery for securing CPS. First, this work’s core component is a recovery control calculator using a Linear-Quadratic Regulator (LQR) with timing and safety constraints. This component can smoothly steer back a physical system under control to a target state set before a safe deadline and maintain the system state in the set once it is driven to it. We further propose an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) based algorithm that can fast solve the LQR-based recovery problem. Second, supporting components for the attack recovery computation include a checkpointer, a state reconstructor, and a deadline estimator. To realize these components respectively, we propose (i) a sliding-window-based checkpointing protocol that governs sufficient trustworthy data, (ii) a state reconstruction approach that uses the checkpointed data to estimate the current system state, and (iii) a reachability-based approach to conservatively estimate a safe deadline. Finally, we implement our approach and demonstrate its effectiveness in dealing with totally 15 experimental scenarios which are designed based on 5 CPS simulators and 3 types of sensor attacks.
Leadership from Local to Global: Mayor Nan Whaley of Dayton, Ohio: Reflections on Trade and Investment Linkages between Ohio and Asian Economies

Ohio’s economic vitality and vibrancy in the global economy is tied to its corporate practices, the skills of our workers and a state government that enables our corporations and workers to succeed...
RoomStructNet: Learning to Rank Non-Cuboidal Room Layouts From Single View.

In this paper, we present a new approach to estimate the layout of a room from its single image. While recent approaches for this task use robust features learnt from data, they resort to optimization for detecting the final layout. In addition to using learnt robust features, our approach learns an additional ranking function to estimate the final layout instead of using optimization. To learn this ranking function, we propose a framework to train a CNN using max-margin structure cost. Also, while most approaches aim at detecting cuboidal layouts, our approach detects non-cuboidal layouts for which we explicitly estimates layout complexity parameters. We use these parameters to propose layout candidates in a novel way. Our approach shows state-of-the-art results on standard datasets with mostly cuboidal layouts and also performs well on a dataset containing rooms with non-cuboidal layouts.