cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motions of the Substrate Recognition Duplex in a Group I Intron Assessed by Site-Directed Spin Labeling

The Tetrahymena group I intron recognizes its oligonucleotide substrate in a two-step process. First, a substrate recognition duplex, called the P1 duplex, is formed. The P1 duplex then docks into the pre-folded ribozyme core by forming tertiary contacts. P1 docking controls both the rate and the fidelity of substrate cleavage and has been extensively studied as a model for the formation of RNA tertiary structure. However, previous work has been limited to studying millisecond or slower motions. Here we investigated nanosecond P1 motions in the context of the ribozyme using site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. A nitroxide spin label was covalently attached to a specific site of the substrate oligonucleotide, the labeled substrate was bound to a pre-folded ribozyme to form the P1 duplex, and X-band EPR spectroscopy was used to monitor nitroxide motions in the 0.1 to 50 ns regime. Using substrates that favor the docked or the undocked states, it was established that the nitroxide was capable of reporting P1 duplex motions. Using these nitroxide labeled substrates, it was found that the J1/2 junction connecting P1 to the ribozyme core controls nanosecond P1 mobility in the undocked state (Grant et.al., 2009, JACS, 131, 3136-7). This may account for previous observations that J1/2 mutations weaken substrate binding and give rise to cryptic cleavage. This study establishes the use of SDSL to probe nanosecond dynamic behaviors of individual helices within large RNA and RNA/protein complexes. Work is underway to investigate P1 motions in various mutant ribozymes in order to establish detailed correlations between nanosecond dynamics of P1 with ribozyme tertiary folding and catalytic activity. This may help in understanding the relationship between RNA structure, dynamics, and function.
Live well: a practical and effective low-intensity dietary counseling intervention for use in primary care patients with dyslipidemia - a randomized controlled pilot trial

Diet is the first line of treatment for elevated cholesterol. High-intensity dietary counseling (≥360 minutes/year of contact with providers) improves blood lipids, but is expensive and unsustainable in the current healthcare settings. Low-intensity counseling trials (≤ 30 minutes/year) have demonstrated modest diet changes, but no improvement in lipids. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and the effects on lipids and diet of a low-intensity dietary counseling intervention provided by the primary care physician (PCP), in patients at risk for cardiovascular diseases. Six month study with a three month randomized-controlled phase (group A received the intervention, group B served as controls) followed by three months of intervention in both groups. Sixty-one adults age 21 to 75 years, with LDL-cholesterol ≥ 3.37 mmol/L, possessing Internet access and active email accounts were enrolled. Diet was evaluated using the Rate-Your-Plate questionnaire. Dietary counseling was provided by the PCP during routine office visits, three months apart, using printed educational materials and a minimally interactive counseling website. Weekly emails were sent reminding participants to use the dietary counseling resources. The outcomes were changes in LDL-cholesterol, other lipid subclasses, and diet quality. At month 3, group A (counseling started at month 1) decreased their LDL-cholesterol by −0.23 mmol/L, (−0.04 to −0.42 mmol/L, P = 0.007) and total cholesterol by −0.26 mmol/L, (−0.05 to −0.47 mmol/L, P = 0.001). At month 6, total and LDL-cholesterol in group A remained better than in group B (counseling started at month 3). Diet score in group A improved by 50.3 points (38.4 to 62.2, P < 0.001) at month 3; and increased further by 11.8 (3.5 to 20.0, P = 0.007) at month 6. Group B made the largest improvement in diet at month 6, 55 points (40.0 to 70.1, P < 0.001), after having a small but significant improvement at month 3, 22.3 points (12.9 to 31.7, P < 0.001). No significant changes occurred in HDL-cholesterol in either group. A low-intensity dietary counseling provided by the PCP in patients at risk for cardiovascular diseases produced clinically meaningful improvements in both diet and lipids of magnitude similar to changes reported with high intensity interventions. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01695837
An interactive graphic presentation for multiobjective linear programming

In this paper we examine the design and implementation issues relating to the search process for a solution to an interactive multiobjective linear optimization problem (MOLP). A solution methodology proposed by Dror and Gass is employed. The primary objective of the design process is to investigate the advantages of using interactive graphics in the presentation of alternative solutions and to direct the solution search. We find several features useful, including three-dimensional perspective views, graph animation, interactive highlighting, and interactive detail inspection.
Visualization in testing a volatile memory forensic tool

We have developed a tool to extract the contents of volatile memory of Apple Macs running recent versions of OS X, which has not been possible since OS X 10.4. This paper recounts our efforts to test the tool and introduces two visualization techniques for that purpose. We also introduce four metrics for evaluating physical memory imagers: correctness, completeness, speed, and the amount of ''interference'' an imager makes to the state of the machine. We evaluate our tool by these metrics and then show visualization using dotplots, a technique borrowed from bioinformatics, can be used to reveal bugs in the implementation and to evaluate correctness, completeness, and the amount of interference an imager has. We also introduce a visualization we call the density plot which shows the density of repeated pages at various addresses within an image. We use these techniques to evaluate our own tool, Apple's earlier tools, and compare physical memory images to the hibernation file.
LIMITATION OF BOUNDARY LAYER ANALYSES FOR BUOYANT CONVECTION IN STABLY STRATIFIED FLUIDS

Vertical buoyant convection in stably stratified fluids is revisited. The limitation of boundary layer analyses for such flows is quantified. This is accomplished by comparing the results of the present boundary layer numerical study with the published experimental measurements, and full numerical simulations. It is shown that boundary layer analysis underpredicts the heat transfer rates. This is explained with reference to the flow and thermal fields. The boundary layer results are shown to be inadequate for such characteristics as flow reversal and temperature defects. The underlying physical mechanisms are discussed.
Computers and computing in psychology: Twenty years of progress and still a bright future

Computers and technology in psychology can be a cornucopia or a Pandora’s box. During the 20 years of its existence, the Society for Computers in Psychology has been an important focus for the appropriate and beneficial application of computing technology in psychology. Although the increase of computer use is unmistakable, cyclic trends in computer applications also can be identified and, together with current technological developments, lead to predictions, concerns, and challenges for the future.
TU‐E‐108‐06: Investigation of Prostate Deformation and Associated Dosimetric Implications in IMRT of the Prostate

Purpose: Prostate deformation is generally considered a secondary correction and is consequently often ignored in planning margin design. In this study we estimated prostate deformation and investigate the associated dosimetric impact on target coverage. Methods: A cohort of ten prostate cancer patients were retrospectively selected for the study, each with three fiducial markers implanted in the prostate. All CBCT images were registered to respective planning CT images using the Velocity AI deformable image registration (B‐spline‐based) software. For cases with accurate prostate registrations (defined by mean marker misalignments of 10mm, 5mm, and 3mm occurred in 0.5%, 10.0%, and 68.5% of cases, respectively. Based on the deformation‐volume histograms, DVF magnitudes greater than 5mm and 3mm occurred in 2% and 27% of cases, respectively. In general, SV deformation was larger than that of the prostate. For the case with the largest prostate deformation, prostate coverage (D95%) was reduced by 0.5%, 9.0%, and 17.0% for 10mm, 5mm, and 3mm margin plans respectively. Conclusion: These preliminary results are suggestive that prostate deformation over a course of fractionated prostate radiotherapy may not be insignificant, and thereby that proper margin design may be necessary to account for deformation. A consequence of these results is that use of tight planning margins of (e.g. less than 5 mm) must be viewed with severe caution.
Cohabitation alters vasopressin innervation and paternal behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).

Abstract The density of vasopressin-immunoreactive (AVP-ir) fibers in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus is lower in prairie vole fathers—which display paternal behavior under natural conditions—than in sexually naive males. To see if these changes occur before or after the birth of pups, and whether they are related to changes in paternal behavior, we tested paternal responsiveness and measured AVP-ir fiber density in the lateral septum, lateral habenular nucleus, medial preoptic area, and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus of sexually naive males and females (OP) and breeding pairs that were sacrificed shortly after mating (3P); during early (13P); or late gestation (21P); or after the birth of pups (6PP). Paternal responsiveness was increased in 3P males and reached a plateau in 13P males. AVP-ir fiber density did not change in the medial preoptic area and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The fiber density in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus was affected differently in males and females. Among males, 3P animals had the lowest fiber density, while 13P and 6PP animals had an intermediate, and 0P and 21P animals the highest fiber density, whereas among females, no differences in fiber density were found. A second experiment showed that the decrease in fiber density in 3P males could be induced by cohabitation with an unfamiliar female but not by an unfamiliar male nor by relocation to a novel cage. The changes in AVP-ir fiber density shortly after mating suggest that these fibers may be involed in paternal responsiveness as well as in various other social behaviors that change after mating.
Symbolic identification for anomaly detection in aircraft gas turbine engines

This paper presents a robust and computationally inexpensive technique of fault detection in aircraft gas-turbine engines, based on a recently developed statistical pattern recognition tool. The method involves abstraction of a qualitative description from a general dynamical system structure, using state space embedding of the output data-stream and discretization of the resultant pseudo state and input spaces. The system identification is achieved through grammatical inference techniques, and the deviation of the plant output from the nominal estimated language gives a metric for fault detection. The algorithm is validated on a numerical simulation test-bed that is built upon the NASA C-MAPSS model of a generic commercial aircraft engine.
Sequential blanking: A function of geometric analyzers in the human visual system

A computer-based cathode-ray tube display system was employed to study further the sequential blanking effect as a function of the geometric properties of the input array. Five outline squares were displayed sequentially, employing a spatio-temporal ordering designed to produce blanking of two of the squares. The two blanked squares were then progressively changed into trapezoids, which produced a dramatic weakening of the blanking effect, and the results were related to a visual information processing model involving complex patterns of lateral inhibition interacting within receptive fields of varying orders of complexity within the visual cortex.
Stability and magnetic properties of T 2 Si n ( T = Cr , Mn , 1 ≤ n ≤ 8 ) clusters

First-principles studies on the geometry, electronic structure, and magnetic properties of neutral and anionic ${\text{Cr}}_{2}{\text{Si}}_{n}$ and ${\text{Mn}}_{2}{\text{Si}}_{n}$ $(1\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}8)$ have been carried out within a gradient corrected density-functional framework. We find that ${\text{Cr}}_{2}{\text{Si}}_{n}$ clusters containing up to five Si atoms and ${\text{Mn}}_{2}{\text{Si}}_{n}$ clusters containing up to eight Si atoms are all marked by finite local spin moments at the transition-metal site that order ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically depending on the size and the charged state. Our studies of the variation in the binding energy upon addition of successive Si atoms and the gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital indicate ${\text{Mn}}_{2}{\text{Si}}_{4}$ to be a potential motif for generating magnetic cluster-assembled material. While the individual ${\text{Mn}}_{2}{\text{Si}}_{4}$ motif has a ground state with antiferromagnetically coupled local moments, the studies on the assembly of two basic motifs show that it favors a ferromagnetic state. It is hoped that the present work will motivate examination of such assemblies in the recently developed cluster beam deposition experiments.
Microfluidic Construction of Synthetic Cellular Structures

Among the multitudes of chemical structures in the cell, the membrane is the most difficult to synthesize. Microfluidic technology uniquely allows us to control the synthesis of cell membranes in a layer-by-layer fashion, and furthermore allows us control over the cargo of resultant vesicles. Vesicles were formed first by dispersing aqueous droplets into a phospholipid-containing oil phase, trapping the droplets in microfabricated cups, and finally flushing aqueous solution over the trapped droplets. In-plane valves were developed for computer control over the complex fluidic programming and capture cup geometry was optimized for droplet capture and complete phase exchange around trapped droplets. Membrane lamellarity was confirmed with α-hemolysin (αHL), an integral membrane protein that inserts into and selectively permeabilizes bilayers. The membranes were successfully permeabilized using purified αHL, as observed in confocal imaging microscopy. To demonstrate compartmentalized metabolism, the gene encoding αHL was expressed by an in-vitro transcription translation (IVTT) system within synthetic membranes. Activity was observed as before. After insertion of the gene and IVTT, only small-molecule cargo (fluorescein) dissipated from the interior of the vesicle, whereas large macromolecular cargo was retained. The lack of leakage of large cargo demonstrates both the internal metabolism as well as the presence of a only a single bilayer membrane. The computer-controlled membrane prototyping platform is now being used to reconstitute integral membrane protein signaling complexes (e.g. receptor kinases) and confirm their in vitro pharmacological behavior.
What's your big picture?

Purpose – The paper aims to provide the reader with a perspective for keeping the critical aspects of their job in focus, despite an endless sea of details.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes the research on “high performance work practices” and highlights the importance of establishing effective work systems.Findings – The paper shows that the system of work you design dictates how successful you will be. Department of Labor notes many innovative work practices are not systematically applied.Practical implications – The paper provides information about how to create effective work systems. This includes clarifying “who you are” and “where you are going”. Explains the difference between having a purpose and having constraints.Originality/value – This paper specifically shows show each individual can clarify their “big picture” by using descriptive statements and use of relevant feedback. American Express is used as an example of how to incorporate some of the features.
The use of SAR satellite imagery to measure active layer moisture contents in Arctic Alaska

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the potential for measuring near surface soil moisture contents for very large areas. The polar orbiting European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS-1) of the European Space Agency (ESA) has onboard an active C-band SAR sensor. We have analyzed SAR imagery over a small research watershed, Imnavait Creek, located in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range in Alaska, U.S.A. This watershed is treeless and completely underlain with permafrost. After geometrically and radiometrically correcting each pixel (25 m by 25 m) in the image, corrected pixel values were correlated with corresponding field moisture contents measured along transects in the watershed for two passes of the satellite. Coefficients of determination, r 2 , between the corrected pixel value and measured moisture content were 0.49 on June 12, 1993 and 0.53 on August 2, 1993; with the data sets combined the value was 0.50.
Lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing antibody reduces hepatocyte injury from acute hepatotoxin administration

Endogenous lipopolysaccharide has been implicated as a cofactor in the hepatocellular injury and death resulting from toxic liver injury. To prevent this lipopolysaccharide-induced injury and to further understand the mechanism of this effect, an anti-lipopolysaccharide antibody was administered to rats in which toxic hepatocellular injury was induced. Rats were given the hepatotoxin galactosamine together with an isotypic control antibody B55 or the anti-lipopolysaccharide antibody E5. E5 treatment resulted in reductions of serum AST levels of 43% at 36 hr (p<0.02) and 60% at 48 hr (NS) after galactosamine administration. These decreases in AST values were accompanied by diminished histological evidence of injury and inflammation. In carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, E5 similarly reduced serum AST levels at 36 and 48 hr by 47% (p<0.04) and 54% (p<0.03), respectively. E5 treatment was equally effective in reducing AST levels 48 hr after administration of carbon tetrachloride, whether the initial dose of antibody was given 1 hr before or 3 or 6 hr after the administration of this toxin. To understand the mechanism of this E5 effect, the activation of the toxic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α and the chemotactic cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 was examined by Northern-blot analysis of RNA from rat livers after galactosamine-induced injury and treatment with B55 or E5. Despite E5's efficacy in reducing hepatocellular damage, E5 treatment did not affect the timing or magnitude of tumor necrosis factor-α or monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 activation during galactosamine-induced injury. These data suggest that antibody neutralization of lipopolysaccharide may be an effective therapy for toxic liver injury and that the mechanism of this effect is not through the prevention of cytokine expression. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1282–1289.)
Solving Polynomials with Computers

When we think of a robot, many of us conjure up a science-fiction image of a two-legged, two-armed ma chine with lightbulbs for eyes, vaguely resembling a human being. In science fiction, robots are super-competent at mechanical tasks but unable to master the more difficult problems people have to deal with?good versus evil, honesty versus deception, the nature of self-awareness. For the time being, however, the reality of robots is quite different, because our first assumption is a fallacy: Robots are not super-com petent mechanically. In fact, it is outra geously difficult to make a robot that can perform some of the simplest mo tions that we take for granted. For an example, draw a square on your back halfway between your shoulders. Even though you cannot see your hand, you instinctively sense where it is going. Not so a robot. It can sense only the angles formed by its joints; if it needs to know where its hand is, it has to figure it out mathe matically. It can solve the "forward kinematic problem"?if I make an an gle 61 with my shoulder and an angle
Robust spatial watermarking technique for colour images via direct saturation adjustment

Most colour watermarking methods are realised by modifying the image luminance or by processing each component of colour space separately. This paper presents a novel and robust colour watermarking approach for applications in copy protection and digital archives. The proposed scheme considers chrominance information that can be utilised at information embedding. This work presents an approach for hiding the watermark into DC components of the colour image directly in the spatial domain, followed by a saturation adjustment technique performed in RGB space. The merit of the proposed approach is that it not only provides promising watermarking performance but also is computationally efficient. Experimental results demonstrate that this scheme successfully makes the watermark perceptually invisible and robust to image processing operations such as general image processing operations (JPEG2000, JPEG-loss compression, lowpass filtering, and medium filtering), image scaling and image cropping.
Heterogeneity of neural mechanisms of response to pivotal response treatment

We investigated the mechanisms by which Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) improves social communication in a case series of 10 preschool-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) identified brain responses during a biological motion perception task conducted prior to and following 16 weeks of PRT treatment. Overall, the neural systems supporting social perception in these 10 children were malleable through implementation of PRT; following treatment, neural responses were more similar to those of typically developing children (TD). However, at baseline, half of the children exhibited hypoactivation, relative to a group of TD children, in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and half exhibited hyperactivation in this region. Strikingly, the groups exhibited differential neural responses to treatment: The five children who exhibited hypoactivation at baseline evidenced increased activation in components of the reward system including the ventral striatum and putamen. The five children who exhibited hyperactivation at baseline evidenced decreased activation in subcortical regions critical for regulating the flow of stimulation and conveying signals of salience to the cortex—the thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. Our results support further investigation into the differential effects of particular treatment strategies relative to specific neural targets. Identification of treatment strategies that address the patterns of neural vulnerability unique to each patient is consistent with the priority of creating individually tailored interventions customized to the behavioral and neural characteristics of a given person.
Limitation of treatment at the end-of-life: withholding and withdrawal.

The recognition of the ethical and legal appropriateness of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining medical treatment is now ingrained as an essential part of the medical decision making process in end-of-life and palliative care. Just a generation ago, however, it was less clear. At that time, as a result of new technologies, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ventilation, and nutrition and hydration, physicians were able to prolong patients’ lives beyond previous limits. The paradigm case was that of a patient who was permanently unconscious and dependent on continued artificial ventilation. Medical professionals faced a new set of ethical and legal questions: Under what circumstances, if any, may one stop life-sustaining medical treatment? Must medical measures that were initiated to sustain life be continued until the patient’s death? What role should the patient’s wishes play? Is withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining medical treatment a form of homicide or suicide? Ethicists, legal professionals, and medical practitioners are still struggling for answers and a consensus to many of these questions. The crux of the problem was this: If the expected result of intentionally withdrawing a life-sustaining medical treatment (such as a ventilator) was death, was not this act of withdrawal an intentional cause of the patient’s death just as surely as if the physician had ended the patient’s life by lethal injection? Philosophers and theologians analyzed this question in different ways. The theological approaches included those of the Roman Catholic tradition that differentiate ordinary care, which is obligatory, from extraordinary care, which may be discontinued. Factors to be considered in determining if a treatment is extraordinary include the gravity of the burdens of that treatment to the patient or
Mitochondrial DNA mutations and neuromuscular disease

Mitochondrial DNA mutations have been identified in patients with certain neuromuscular diseases. Point mutations have been associated with maternally inherited diseases, while deletions have been identified in some 'spontaneous' cases.
The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and School Achievement: a Validity Study:

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) was designed to measure problem-solving skills in a manner not directly related to prior academic achievement. As with any new instrument, it is ...
Structural investigation of CdSSe-nanocrystals synthesized by ion-beam-implantation

II–VI semiconductor nanoparticle systems can be prepared by keV high-dose ion implantation and subsequent thermal annealing. The ternay Cd–S–Se system offers an additional degree of freedom to adjust materials properties, as Se and S are completely miscible on the Se sublattice. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates, that hexagonal CdSxSe1−x nanocrystals are formed after rapid thermal annealing. Peak positions are evaluated using Vegard’s law. Material loss is monitored quantitatively by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Cross-sectional TEM images are revealing strong influence of the composition on the nanocrystal structural evolution.
In vitro interaction of 63-nickel(II) with chromatin and DNA from rat kidney and liver nuclei

The interaction of nickel(II) with chromatin was studied in vitro and in isolated nuclei from rat liver and kidney. Nickel(II) bound to chromatin, polynucleosomes (DNA + histone octamer protein complex), and to deproteinized DNA both in intact nuclei and in vitro. The amount of nickel(II) bound depended on the concentration of nickel(II), the presence of chromosomal proteins and the binding sites on DNA which provide a stable coordination environment for nickel(II). The binding of nickel(II) to chromatin and to DNA in whole nuclei was much slower than in vitro indicating that assessibility of the DNA binding sites was influenced by the presence of the nuclear membrane, nuclear matrix and nuclear proteins and/or by the condensed nuclear structure of chromatin. Since DNA containing bound nickel(II) was isolated from chromatin, nickel(II) directly interacted with stable binding sites on the DNA molecule in chromatin. Nickel(II) was associated with the histone and non-histone nuclear proteins as well as the DNA in rat liver and kidney chromatin. Nickel(II) was found to bind to calf thymus histones in vitro. Nickel(II)-nuclear protein and -DNA interactions were investigated by gel electrophoretic analysis of in vitro incubation products. Although nickel-histone and nickel-non-histone protein interactions were completely disrupted by the electrophoretic conditions, fluorography revealed the presence of inert nickel(II)-DNA and/or nickel(II)-DNA-protein complexes.
Patterns and Prevalence of Disordered Eating and Weight Control Behaviors in Women Ages 25–45

Objective: The current study describes detailed eating behaviors, dieting behaviors, and attitudes about shape and weight in 4023 women ages 25 to 45. Method: The survey was delivered on-line and participants were identified using a national quota-sampling procedure. Results: Disordered eating behaviors, extreme weight loss measures, and negative cognitions about shape and weight were widely endorsed by women in this age group and were not limited to White participants. Thirty-one percent of women without a history of anorexia nervosa or binge eating reported having purged to control weight, and 74.5% of women reported that their concerns about shape and weight interfered with their happiness. Discussion: Unhealthy approaches to weight control and negative attitudes about shape and weight are pervasive even among women without eating disorders. The development of effective approaches to address the impact of these unhealthy behaviors and attitudes on the general well-being and functioning of women is required.
Subdirect products of hereditary congruence lattices

A congruence lattice L of an algebra A is called power-hereditary if every 0-1 sublattice of L n is the congruence lattice of an algebra on A n for all positive integers n. Let A and B be finite algebras. We prove
A new natural hybrid in the appalachian asplenium complex and its taxonomic significance

A new spleenwort hybrid, Asplenium pinnatifidum×trichomanes, from southern Illinois is nicely intermediate in morphology between the parents, and shows no pairing of its genomes: two sets of chromosomes from A.×pinnatifidum and one from A. trichomanes. Taxonomically the cross is significant for its bearing on the interpretation of the taxon A. stotleri Wherry, previously believed to have originated from the same parents. New studies of A. stotleri based upon materials from the now extinct type colony in West Virginia, and from a newly discovered extant colony in Arkansas, show clearly that this taxon is not the same as A. pinnatifidum×trichomanes. Comparisons with A.×bradleyi D. C. Eaton (the tetraploid of A. montanum×platyneuron) indicate that the taxon A. stotleri is similar in all respects except for its more rounded segments. Asplenium stotleri is therefore reinterpreted as a synonym of A.×bradleyi, of which it is regarded as a slightly differentiated local form.
The role of a child life specialist in a pediatric radiology department

Child life programming is predominantly developed in inpatient areas throughout major pediatric hospitals. However, the trend toward outpatient services has increased the need for facilities to develop child life positions to assist in the teaching demands of patients and families coming in for routine hospital visits. Since radiology is often the first experience for families, but not the last, it is essential to involve them in a positive experience. Imaging facilities serving pediatric patients are currently developing or considering child life programs. A certified child life specialist (CCLS) is committed to developing programming that enhances the child's understanding and involvement in their medical experience. This paper provides an outline of the responsibilities and areas of expertise of the CCLS in a pediatric radiology department. The reviewed program is based on, but not limited, to fluoroscopy.
NMR study of the electronic properties and crystal structure of the semiconducting compound Al2Ru.

The nontetrahedral semiconductor ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$Ru has been studied by $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ nuclear magnetic resonance from room temperature to 1200 K. An anomalously large $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ chemical shift of 313 ppm was observed. The $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ nuclear-spin-lattice relaxation rate is extremely slow at room temperature and significantly increases above 500 K. Analysis of these data is consistent with a very low residual density of states at the Fermi level and a narrow band gap. In addition, high-resolution magic-angle-spinning $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ spectra show that there are two similar but distinguishable aluminum sites, indicating that the actual crystal structure differs slightly from the one determined by x-ray diffraction.
Psychosocial correlates and antecedents of abortion: An exploratory study

Longitudinal data are used to examine the relation between young adult women's abortion experience and a variety of antecedent and subsequent personality, perceived environment, and behavior variables. About one-quarter of the women in two separate samples reported that they had had an abortion. Bivariate analyses show that young adult women who have had an abortion are characterized by greater psychosocial unconventionality than women who have not had an abortion. Similar differences along an underlying dimension of conventionality-unconventionality distinguish, antecedent to the abortion experience, women who would later have an abortion from those who would not. The findings are consistent with the expectations of Problem-Behavior Theory (Jessor & Jessor, 1977).
The theoretical maximum isosteric heat of adsorption in the Henry’s law region for slit-shaped carbon nanopores

The isosteric heat of adsorption in the Henry’s law region is calculated as a function of the width of slit-shaped pores. We determine the pore width where the isosteric heat is a maximum, which is shown to be a strong function of the solid–fluid collision diameter σsf and a weak function of the solid–fluid well depth potential ϵsf. Thus, general results are reported for the pore size where the isosteric heat of adsorption is a maximum that apply to a wide variety of gases. We compare our values of isosteric heat with those in the Henry’s law region determined from adsorption data for nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and methane on various activated carbons. The isosteric heats of adsorption for helium and hydrogen in carbon slit pores are also calculated, but are not compared with experimental data. Reasons for differences between the theoretical maximum and the experimental values are discussed.
4-Channel asynchronous bio-potential recording system

We present a 4-channel bio-potential recording system using asynchronous delta analog-to-digital converter. The system is designed to reduce the amount of data in neuro-physiological sensors. The circuit includes low-power low-noise amplifiers with asynchronous delta modulators. The analog front end offers a gain of 53dB within bandwidth of 200Hz-20kHz. In this asynchronous data converter, the minimum input-referred delta resolution is 4μV. The input-referred rms noise is 2μV. T h e system was fabricated with AMI 0.5μm CMOS technology. The chip size is 1.5mm by 1.5mm. The power consumption of the 4-channel system with 3.3V supply is 118.8μW in static state and 501.6μW with 240kbps data conversion rate. A graphic user interface was developed to monitor the transmitted signal in real time.
Etching characteristics of Ni3Al

Abstract Etched surfaces of Ni 3 Al (γ′ phase) and mixtures of Ni 3 Al and Ni (γ phase) have revealed a large variation in gray level for different grains depending upon their crystallographic orientation. A selected area electron channeling pattern study in the scanning electron microscope has shown that grains oriented near 〈001〉 etch light, while those oriented near 〈111〉 etch dark with a gradual transition for intermediate orientations. It is shown that the etching characteristics result from formation of {001} facets on the etched surface, which produces a nearly planar surface on {001} faces and microfaceted arrays of very small pyramidal projections having {001} facet planes on the {111} faces.
Customer loyalty marketing research: A comparative approach between hospitality and business journals

Abstract Businesses, including the hospitality sector discovered the importance of customer retention as a key success factor. Thus, customer loyalty is a topic that has received much attention since the 1990s as relationship marketing has become a popular marketing scheme. The purpose of this study was to review published research on customer loyalty to better understand its evolution and development in the hospitality industry. Specifically, the study took a comparative approach by examining published research from academic hospitality journals and business journals. A total number of 262 articles were reviewed. Topical areas, industry application, and research methods were discussed. Lastly, study limitations were discussed.
U.S. Local Government Managers and the Complexity of Responsibility and Accountability in Democratic Governance

This study examines accountability and responsibility as they apply to local government managers in the United States. The Friedrich-Finer debate defined contrasting views of accountability and responsibility, with Finer advancing elected officials and Friedrich advancing the profession and public sentiment for establishing responsibility and accountability for nonelected officials. More recent scholars also include the courts, media, and more precise definitions of public sentiment in addition to those identified earlier by Friedrich and Finer. This study surveyed local government mangers, asking them to indicate the importance of these sources of accountability as they define their responsibilities, as they consider new policy options, and as they respond to routine matters related to their jobs. The 488 respondents assigned more importance to their professions than to other sources when they define their responsibilities, but they rated the governing body more important than others when they consider new policy options or when they respond to routine matters. They assessed court cases and the media last. The study concludes that both Friedrich and Finer provide too narrow a definition of a t t C V accountability and responsibility. The accountability-responsi
K42: building a complete operating system

K42 is one of the few recent research projects that is examining operating system design structure issues in the context of new whole-system design. K42 is open source and was designed from the ground up to perform well and to be scalable, customizable, and maintainable. The project was begun in 1996 by a team at IBM Research. Over the last nine years there has been a development effort on K42 from between six to twenty researchers and developers across IBM, collaborating universities, and national laboratories. K42 supports the Linux API and ABI, and is able to run unmodified Linux applications and libraries. The approach we took in K42 to achieve scalability and customizability has been successful.The project has produced positive research results, has resulted in contributions to Linux and the Xen hypervisor on Power, and continues to be a rich platform for exploring system software technology. Today, K42, is one of the key exploratory platforms in the DOE's FAST-OS program, is being used as a prototyping vehicle in IBM's PERCS project, and is being used by universities and national labs for exploratory research. In this paper, we provide insight into building an entire system by discussing the motivation and history of K42, describing its fundamental technologies, and presenting an overview of the research directions we have been pursuing.
An absolute measurement of the 6He decay energy

Abstract The end-point of the energy spectrum of recoil ions from the β-decay of 6He was observed with a spectrometer which is calibrated in terms of a standard voltage cell. The average of two independent measurements gives a maximum β-energy of 3508±4 keV. This result is weighted with other measurements to give a maximum β-energy of 3508.4±3.8 keV. Addition of the 1.4 keV maximum recoil energy yields the decay energy 3509.8±3.8 keV.
Two-Wavelength Contouring With The Automated Thermoplastic Holographic Camera

Two-wavelength holography has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for contour mapping of three-dimensional objects. The combination of a tunable dye laser with a thermoplastic device allows the mapping of a diffused object in any desirable contour spacing in near real-time measurement. This paper describes such a combination using a newly developed thermoplastic holographic camera. The performance of this camera will be demonstrated by showing several examples of TWH contouring.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Protein Carbonylation in a Murine Model for Early Alcoholic Liver Disease

Hepatic oxidative stress and subsequent lipid peroxidation are well-recognized consequences of sustained ethanol consumption. The covalent adduction of nucleophilic amino acid side-chains by lipid electrophiles is significantly increased in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD); a global assessment of in vivo protein targets and the consequences of these modifications, however, has not been conducted. In this article, we describe the identification of novel protein targets for covalent adduction in a 6-week murine model for ALD. Ethanol-fed mice displayed a 2-fold increase in hepatic TBARS, while immunohistochemical analysis for the reactive aldehydes 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 4-oxononenal (4-ONE), acrolein (ACR), and malondialdehyde (MDA) revealed a marked increase in the staining of modified proteins in the ethanol-treated mice. Increased protein carbonyl content was confirmed utilizing subcellular fractionation of liver homogenates followed by biotin-tagging through hydrazide chemistry, where approximately a 2-fold increase in modified proteins was observed in microsomal and cytosolic fractions. To determine targets of protein carbonylation, a secondary hydrazide method coupled to a highly sensitive 2-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS or MuDPIT) technique was utilized. Our results have identified 414 protein targets for modification by reactive aldehydes in ALD. The presence of novel in vivo sites of protein modification by 4-HNE (2), 4-ONE (4) and ACR (2) was also confirmed in our data set. While the precise impact of protein carbonylation in ALD remains unknown, a bioinformatic analysis of the data set has revealed key pathways associated with disease progression, including fatty acid metabolism, drug metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and the TCA cycle. These data suggest a major role for aldehyde adduction in the pathogenesis of ALD.
WebNexter: dynamic guided tours for screen readers

Recent research has shown that screen-reader users can find information on a website almost twice as fast if they bypass indexes and just navigate the content pages of a collection linearly (in a guided-tour fashion). Yet manually building a guided tour for each existing index requires significant resources from web developers, especially for very large web applications. To address this problem, we introduce WebNexter, a web browser extension that automatically generates guided tours from the indexes present in the page a screen-reader user is currently visiting. WebNexter is manifest in a Google Chrome extension that implements screen-reader accessible, dynamic construction of guided tours from a very large, eCommerce website prototype. Our goal is to develop WebNexter extensions for multiple browsers that will work on any website; this will relieve developers from the burden of designing guided tours while greatly accelerating the screen-reader navigation experience during fact-finding.
Laser Doppler velocimetry of tracheal blood flow in sheep.

Abstract A laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) apparatus was adapted to assess sheep airway blood flow. The LDV signal obtained was compared to microsphere determinations of blood flow to tracheal tissues utilizing 15 μm radioactive microspheres injected before and after intubation and anesthesia, during hemorrhagic hypotension, and after reinfusion-resuscitation. During hemorrhagic hypotension, airway wall blood flow decreased to 16% of control by the microsphere method and to 30% by LDV. After reinfusion-resuscitation, airway wall blood flow increased over control values 40% and 33% by the two methods, respectively. Although at low flows LDV values were greater than microsphere determinations, the overall LDV recordings correlated with airway microsphere flow determinations of tracheal wall blood flow ( R = 0.85 ) and tracheal mucosa flow ( R = 0.81 ), but not with tracheal muscularis flow ( R = 0.32 ). With certain but significant limitations, such as calibration in absolute units, stability of position placement, motion artifacts, and the effects of mechanical irritation-induced hyperemia, LDV represents a relatively noninvasive means for qualitatively evaluating changes in the microcirculatory blood flow of airway mucosa.
Characterization of Single Molecule Protein Induced Fluorescence Enhancement (PIFE) as an Alternative to SmFRET

Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a widely used technique for real time single molecule detection. FRET measurement is based on distance changes between donor and acceptor fluorophores, hence the requirement for fluorophore attachment of the molecules under study. Single fluorophore labeling of protein is often difficult to achieve, rendering poor efficiency and specificity of labeling. Furthermore, proteins with high Kd which requires addition of high protein concentration would make single molecule detection impossible even with properly labeled proteins. Recently, PIFE, an alternative fluorescence assay was developed for probing translocational movement of an antiviral protein, RIG-I (1). PIFE employs a single fluorophore which exhibits enhanced quantum yield when approached by a protein at a close proximity. Although this photophysical effect is correlated with the lifetime change of the corresponding fluorophore (2) the sensitivity and the distance range of the method needs to be further characterized.We performed a systematic study of a single molecule PIFE where we monitored binding of a restriction enzyme BamHI to Cy3 labeled DNA. Preliminary data shows that the sequence specific binding of BamHI to DNA in a buffer containing calcium results in an increase of Cy3 intensity. The overall level of fluorescence increase shows dependence on the protein concentration and single molecule traces display binding and unbinding as discrete steps of increase and decrease in Cy3 intensity respectively. We confirmed the sequence specific cleavage activity of BamHI triggered by the presence of magnesium.References1. Myong S. et al., “Cytosolic viral sensor RIG-I is a 5′-triphosphate-dependent translocase on double-stranded RNA”, Science 323(5917), 1070-1074 (2009).2. Sorokina M. et al., “Fluoresecent Lifetime Trajectories of a Single Fluorophore Reveal Reaction Intermediates During Transcription Initiation”, J Am Chem Soc 131, 9630-9631 (2009).
Anaerobic Oxidation of Benzene by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Ferroglobus placidus

during growth on benzene versus growth on acetate, but genes involved in phenol degradation were not upregulated during growth on benzene. A gene for a putative carboxylase that was more highly expressed in benzene- than in benzoate-grown cells was identified. These results suggest that benzene is carboxylated to benzoate and that phenol is not an important intermediate in the benzene metabolism of F. placidus. This is the first demonstration of a microorganism in pure culture that can grow on benzene under strict anaerobic conditions and for which there is strong evidence for degradation of benzene via clearly defined anaerobic metabolic pathways. Thus, F. placidus provides a much-needed pure culture model for further studies on the anaerobic activation of benzene in microorganisms.
Modeling the Multilevel Determinants of Top Management Team Behavioral Integration

Extending Hambrick's (1994) concept of behavioral integration, a meta-construct of top management team process, we theorized on the extent to which CEO-, team-, and firm-level determinants shape be...