cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feedback via message passing in interference channels

In distributed wireless networks, nodes often do not know the topology (network size, connectivity and the channel gains) of the network. Thus, they have to compute their transmission and reception parameters in a distributed fashion. In this paper, we consider the information required at the nodes to achieve globally optimal sum capacity. Our first result relates to the case when each of the transmitter know the channel gains of all the links that are at-most two-hop distant from it and the receiver knows the channel gains of all the links that are three-hop distant from it in a deterministic interference channel. With this limited information, we find that distributed decisions are sum-rate optimal only if each connected component is in a one-to-many configuration or a fully-connected configuration. In all other cases of network connectivity, the loss can be arbitrarily large. We then extend the result to see that O(K) hops of information are needed in general to achieve globally optimal solutions. To show this we consider a class of symmetric interference channel chain and find that in certain cases of channel gains, the knowledge of a particular user being odd user or even user is important thus needing O(K) hops of information at the nodes.
Salinity Influences on Aboveground and Belowground Net Primary Productivity in Tidal Wetlands

AbstractTidal freshwater wetlands are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate change and rising sea levels. However salinification within these systems is poorly understood, therefore, productivity (litterfall, woody biomass, and fine roots) were investigated on three forested tidal wetlands [(1) freshwater, (2) moderately saline, and (3) heavily salt-impacted] and a marsh along the Waccamaw and Turkey Creek in South Carolina. Mean aboveground (litterfall and woody biomass) production on the freshwater, moderately saline, heavily salt-impacted, and marsh, respectively, was 1,061, 492, 79, and 0 g m−2 year−1 versus belowground (fine roots) 860, 490, 620, and 2,128 g m−2 year−1. Litterfall and woody biomass displayed an inverse relationship with salinity. Shifts in productivity across saline sites is of concern because sea level is predicted to continue rising. Results from the research reported in this paper provide baseline data upon which coupled hydrologic/wetland models can be created to qua...
Brown-Sequard syndrome following heroin injection

Reported is a case of Brown-Sequard syndrome following attempted heroin injection into the right external jugular vein. A right-sided hemiparalysis with a contralateral sensory loss of touch, pain, proprioception, and temperature developed over several hours to the C3 dermatome level. A myelogram showed a vasculitis pattern in the lower cervical region. Treatment was with high-dose dexamethasone for ten days. After six weeks of inpatient physical therapy, only minimal motor and sensory return was seen. Although this syndrome is usually due to lateral hemisection of the spinal cord by a stab wound or a gunshot wound, in this case we believe it resulted from chemical transection due to the heroin or quinine diluent or both.
Gas-phase photofragmentation of tris(methyl vinyl ketone) tungsten(0) and the relationship to laser-assisted CVD of tungsten oxide thin films.

The gas-phase laser-induced photofragmentation of tris(methyl vinyl ketone) tungsten(0) is studied, and the photoproducts are identified by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The initially populated excited electronic state of the complex is attributed to metal-to-ligand charge transfer by analysis of the electronic and preresonance Raman spectra. The major metal-containing photofragmentation products are W+ and WO+; smaller amounts of WC+ and W(C2H2)+ are also observed. Intramolecular ligand coupling occurs, and dimeric products and their fragments are identified. Reaction pathways that explain the observed products are proposed. Thin films on silicon substrates are produced by laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The films consist of polycrystalline tungsten oxide with less than 10% tungsten carbide and are characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, and Auger electron spectroscopy. Relationships between the composition of the gas-phase photofragments and that of the solid films are discussed.
Modulation of the immune system by mammary tumor-derived factors.

(1991). Modulation of the Immune System by Mammary Tumor-Derived Factors. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 643-653.
Using a Self-as-Model Video Combined With Social Stories™ to Help a Child With Asperger Syndrome Understand Emotions:

Using an AB design With generalization, this study sought to determine the effectiveness of presenting videotaped emotions and Social Stories™ to teach a 9-year-old child With Asperger syndrome to recognize and understand emotions in himself and to generalize them to other situations in his home. Data collected in the child's home shoWed an improvement betWeen baseline and intervention in the child's ability to recognize emotions and understand their occurrence.
Theory of electrophoretic separations. Part I: Formulation of a mathematical model

A generally applicable model of electrophoretic processes is presented. The model describes the chemical reactions, treating the chemical processes as reactions at equilibrium and accounting for convection, conservation, diffusion, and electromigration of individual species as well as the relation between charge and potential. Conservation relations are described and simplified, taking advantage of the speed of the chemical reactions as compared to the transport processes to adapt the model to the electrophoretic processes involving weak electrolytes. As an application example, isotachophoresis in a one-dimensional column is considered in detail.
Should arthropod parasitoids and predators be subject to host range testing when used as biological control agents

Testing of candidate biological control agents to estimate their likely field host ranges in the area of release has been part of weed biological control for several decades, with evolving techniques and goals. Similar efforts have been made less often for parasitoids and predators being introduced for arthropod biological control. Here, we review both techniques of host range testing and social objectives of such screening. We ask whether agents introduced for arthropod biological control should be subjected to host range testing before release, and if so, are methods used for estimating host ranges of herbivorous arthropods appropriate, or are different approaches needed. Current examples in which host range testing has been employed for arthropod biological control are reviewed. We conclude with recommendations concerning guiding principles about use of host range testing. We recommend modest expansion of host range testing for arthropod biological control for projects on continents. We recommend more extensive testing for projects of introduction onto islands. We note that introductions to islands could provide opportunities to gain experience in use of host range estimation for this class of organisms and to conduct post release evaluations of host ranges. We urge caution in efforts to mandate host range testing but simultaneously recommend consultation between biological control workers and insect conservationists.
Integrated zwitterionic conjugated poly(carboxybetaine thiophene) as a new biomaterial platform

An integrated zwitterionic conjugated polymer-based biomaterial platform was designed and studied to address some of the key challenges of conjugated polymers in biomedical applications. This biomaterial platform consists of conjugated polymer backbones and multifunctional zwitterionic side chains. Zwitterionic materials gain electrical conductivity and interesting optical properties through conjugated polymer backbones, and non-biocompatible conjugated polymers obtain excellent antifouling properties, enhanced electrical conductivity, functional groups of bioconjugation and response to environmental stimuli via multifunctional zwitterionic side chains. This platform can potentially be adapted to a wide range of applications (e.g. bioelectronics, tissue engineering and biofuel cell), which require high performance conducting materials with excellent antifouling/biocompatibility at biointerfaces.
Improving Immunization Rates in a Hospital-Based Primary Care Practice

OBJECTIVE: We implemented a quality improvement initiative aimed at reaching a 95% immunization rate for patients aged 24 months. The setting was a hospital-based pediatric primary care practice in Boston, Massachusetts. We defined immunization as full receipt of the vaccine series as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. METHODS: The initiative was team-based and structured around 3 core interventions: systematic identification and capture of target patients, use of a patient-tracking registry, and patient outreach and care coordination. We measured monthly overall and modified immunization rates for patients aged 24 months. The modified rate excluded vaccine refusals and practice transfers. We plotted monthly overall and modified immunization rates on statistical process control charts to monitor progress and evaluate impact. RESULTS: We measured immunization rates for 3298 patients aged 24 months between January 2009 and December 2012. Patients were 48% ( n = 1576) female, 77.3% ( n = 2548) were African American or Hispanic, and 70.2% ( n = 2015) were publicly insured. Using control charts, we established mean overall and modified immunization rates of 90% and 93%, respectively. After implementation, we observed an increase in the mean modified immunization rate to 95%. CONCLUSIONS: A quality improvement initiative enabled our pediatric practice to increase its modified immunization rate to 95% for children aged 24 months. We attribute the improvement to the incorporation of medical home elements including a multidisciplinary team, patient registry, and care coordination.
Phylogenetic Relationships Among Native and Naturalized Hieracium (Asteraceae) in Canada and the United States Based on Plastid DNA Sequences

We used parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of chloroplast DNA to examine the relationships of native North American Hieracium (hawkweeds; Asteraceae) with non-native Hieracium species being studied for classical biological control. Thirty-six taxa were included; these representing the three morphologically-based subgenera: Pilosella from Eurasia, the circumboreal Hieracium, and Chionoracium from North and South America. Results from the trnT-F and petN-psbM sequence data strongly support the morphologically based classifications. An exception is the placement of H. canadense within subgenus Chionoracium, rather than subgenus Hieracium, which may be due to chloroplast capture. Placement of the genus Andryala within Hieracium subgenus Pilosella is also supported. Additionally, species in subgenus Pilosella targeted for classical biological control are still supported as being in a separate subgenus from native North American taxa.
Ethnic differences in correlates of suicidal behavior among women seeking help for intimate partner violence

Abstract. Background: Women abused by an intimate partner are at risk of engaging in nonfatal suicidal behavior and suicidal communication (NSBSC). No studies have examined ethnic differences in correlates of NSBSC among abused women. Aims: This secondary data analytic study examined whether correlates of NSBSC previously reported among a mixed ethnic sample of women seeking help for abuse by a male intimate partner differed for those who self-identified as Latina (N = 340), African American (N = 184), or European American (N = 67). Method: Logistic regression was used to examine correlates of NSBSC separately among Latina, African American, and European American women. Results: More severe violence by a male intimate partner, having a chronic or disabling illness, being younger, and being unemployed were positively associated with NSBSC in bivariate analyses among Latina women, but unemployment did not remain significantly associated with NSBSC in the multiple logistic regression. There were no significa...
PET/MRI of Hepatic 90Y Microsphere Deposition Determines Individual Tumor Response

Purpose The purpose of our study is to determine if there is a relationship between dose deposition measured by PET/MRI and individual lesion response to yttrium-90 (90Y) microsphere radioembolization.
Homogenization of detrital leachate in an old-growth coniferous forest, OR: DOC fluorescence signatures in soils undergoing long-term litter manipulations

Characterizing the relationship between plant detrital inputs and the resulting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leachate is vital to understanding the ultimate fate of root carbon, fallen wood and needles in forested watersheds. Similarly, elucidating chemical differences in the soil DOC pool may help to explain which DOC fractions are sorbed to mineral surfaces and contribute to accumulation of soil organic carbon, are respired as CO2, or are exported to nearby catchments. In order to test the hypothesis that soils with different detrital inputs impart a detectable signal on DOC in mineral soil, soil solution DOC was sampled from the Detrital Input and Removal Treatment (DIRT) plots located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, OR. Multiple types of fresh litter extracts, along with lysimeter and soil extracts from DIRT treatment plots were characterized using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with the Cory and McKnight (Environ Sci Technol 39:8142–8149, 2005) parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model. Principal component analysis of 13 unique fluorophores distinguished using PARAFAC show that litter and soil extracts (Douglas-fir needles, wood of decomposition Class 2, Class 3 and Class 5, O-horizon, and 0–5 cm A-horizon) each have distinct fluorescence signatures. However, while litter-leached DOC chemistry varies by litter type, neither lysimeter-collected DOC or soil extracts in the DIRT plots show statistically significant differences in fluorescence signatures among treatments, even after 17 years of litter manipulations. The lack of observed differences among DIRT treatments suggests that both abiotic interactions and microbial activity effectively homogenize organic carbon constituents within the dissolved pool. Minor but observable changes in PARAFAC components and optical indices during a 1-month biodegradation incubation of litter and soil extracts indicate that while biodegradation significantly alters DOC chemistry, abiotic mechanisms are also critical to DOC transformation in these soils with high sorption capacity. Although leachates from different plant detrital sources have distinct carbon chemical signatures, these DOC signatures are effectively homogenized after passage through mineral soil. These results highlight the dominant role of both biotic and abiotic interactions in controlling the chemistry of DOC in shallow soils.
Vancomycin-induced eosinophilic peritonitis

Purpose A case of eosinophilic peritonitis (EP) with severe cardiovascular compromise in a patient receiving intraperitoneal vancomycin therapy is described. Summary A woman with a medical history including hypertension, end-stage renal disease, and anemia of chronic disease was hospitalized for complaints of severe abdominal pain and loss of appetite over the preceding four days; she had been undergoing peritoneal dialysis for about one year. Bacterial infection was diagnosed on the basis of peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid analyses showing highly elevated neutrophil and total nucleated cell (TNC) counts. Vancomycin was added to the peritoneal dialysis bags, with subsequent dramatic TNC and neutrophil reductions over two days, but the woman’s condition continued to worsen; she developed severe hypotension and on hospital day 13 was transferred to the intensive care unit for central line placement and vasopressor support. The clinician team determined that conversion from bacterial peritonitis to EP had occurred. After the exclusion of other potential causes of EP (e.g., a reaction to dialysis equipment, antihypertensive medication use), intraperitoneal administration of vancomycin was deemed to be the probable cause. Within days of discontinuation of vancomycin use, the patient’s hypotension abated, her abdominal symptoms resolved, and she was discharged home. In this case, the diagnosis of EP was complicated by the initial presentation of bacterial peritonitis (confirmed by laboratory and culture data). A literature search identified one other published report of vancomycin-induced EP. Conclusion A 37-year-old woman developed EP after receiving vancomycin intraperitoneally. The infection resolved after discontinuation of vancomycin.
Comparative effect of dietary sitosterol on plasma sterols and cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in a sitosterolemic homozygote and heterozygote subject.

Sitosterolemia is a genetic disorder characterized by an increased plasma plant sterol concentration due to enhanced sterol absorption coupled with reduced steroid excretion. The purpose of the present investigation was two-fold; first to assess the effects of a “basal” low sitosterol metabolic diet on plasma sterols and sterol balance, and, secondly, to quantify the relative influence of graduated increase in dietary sitosterol intake on a metabolic diet in a sitosterolemic homozygote, obligate heterozygote, and controls.Patients were studied under strict metabolic conditions and fed a “basal” 30% fat, low-sitosterol (33 mg per 2000 kcal) diet. The level of dietary sitosterol was increased by addition of oils and resulted in final dietary sitosterol intakes of 1.8 mg/kg, 2.6 mg/kg and 3.5 mg/kg/day intakes of dietary sitosterol in the homozygote. These sitosterol dosages were selected based on sitosterol intakes equivalent to 2.6 mg/kg/day in the average American diet. Plasma cholesterol, sitosterol, and...
Raman-effect induced noise-figure limit for Χ(3) parametric amplifiers and wavelength converters

The non-zero response time of the Kerr nonlinearity sets a fundamental limit on the noise figure of phase-insensitive fiber parametric amplifiers and wavelength converters. Our theory shows good agreement with experiments.
Improved impact-echo technique by signal processing

An experimental study was performed to modify the conventional impact-echo technique to detect small diameter spherical voids in concrete. High velocity impact of steel balls was used to generate the high frequency waves in concrete necessary for detection of small voids. Elastodynamic wave propagation in concrete, type of impact source, and the size of the flaw that can be detected were studied. These laboratory studies were carried out on a 4 in. (10.2 cm) thick 4 ft. × 4 ft. (1.22 m × 1.22 m) concrete slab that contained a variety of artificial spherical flaws embedded at known locations. Analysis of the frequency spectrum of the response of the slab was used to determine the slab's thickness and presence of voids. Signal processing techniques were applied for a better interpretation of the slab's response. Autocorrelation and cross-correlation algorithms were used to determine the characteristics of the slab at different locations. The problems associated with determination of flaws and voids in concrete have been delineated. Some practical and easy to implement solutions have been proposed and ways of using the impact-echo technique more efficiently for field applications have been discussed.
Application of new void detection algorithm for analysis of feed pressure and rotation pressure of roof bolters

Abstract Roof and rib instability is an important issue in underground mining. To optimize ground support design, enhance ground stability, and reduce the possibility of roof or rib failure with minimal use of artificial ground support, it is essential to have an accurate understanding of ground conditions. This includes the location of voids, cracks, and discontinuities, as well as information about the different strata in the immediate roof. This paper briefly introduces ongoing research on void detection by using the roof bolter feed and rotation pressure. The goal of this project is to improve the sensitivity of detection programs to locate smaller joints and reduce the number of false alarms. This paper presents a brief review of the testing procedures, data analysis, logic, and algorithms used for void detection. In addition, this paper discusses the results of preliminary laboratory tests and statistical analysis of the data from these two drilling parameters used for void detection.
Focused Ultrasound Steering for Harmonic Motion Imaging

Harmonic motion imaging (HMI) is a radiation-force-based ultrasound elasticity imaging technique, which is designed for both tissue relative stiffness imaging and reliable high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment monitoring. The objective of this letter is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of 2-D focused ultrasound (FUS) beam steering for HMI using a 93-element, FUS phased array. HMI with steered FUS beam was acquired in tissue-mimicking phantoms. The HMI displacement was imaged within the steering range of ±1.7 mm laterally and ±2 mm axially. Using the steered FUS beam, HMI can be used to image a larger tissue volume with higher efficiency and without requiring mechanical movement of the transducer.
Handbook of Childhood Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities: Treatment

Students with disabilities and/or emotional or behavioral problems are at increased risk of poor academic performance, which is linked to a variety of long-term problems. In this overview, the interrelationship between academic success and childhood disorders will be described. Collaborative consultation within academic settings will be reviewed, followed by illustrations about various consultation models. Federal regulations (e.g., Section 504, IEP) for school-aged children with disabilities will be reviewed with an emphasis on understanding these regulations to guide consultative efforts. Examples of positive behavior interventions, accommodations, and modifications will be described and illustrated.
miR-195 potentiates the efficacy of microtubule-targeting agents in non-small cell lung cancer.

Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are widely used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The response rate is only ∼25%, mainly attributable to drug resistance. To identify determinants of resistance in NSCLC, we performed a high-throughput screen using a library of miRNA mimics. Here we report that miR-195 synergizes with MTAs to inhibit the growth of NSCLC cells in vitro, that increased expression of miR-195 sensitizes NSCLC cells to MTAs and that repression of miR-195 confers resistance to MTAs. We show that NSCLC tumors over-expressing miR-195 are more sensitive to MTA treatment and that induced expression of miR-195 in NSCLC tumors potentiates the anti-tumor effect of MTAs. Additionally, we demonstrate that miR-195 targets checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1) to regulate the response of NSCLC cells to MTAs, that over-expression of CHEK1 contributes to resistance to MTAs and that knock-down of CHEK1 synergizes with MTAs to repress cell growth. Our results highlight the importance of miR-195 in regulating the response of NSCLC cells to MTAs and underline the potential application of miR-195 as a biomarker for response to MTAs, and as a therapeutic adjuvant to MTA treatment.
Race/Ethnicity Influences Outcomes in Young Adults with Intracerebral Hemorrhage (S10.007)

Objective: The present study investigated the predictors of poor functional outcome among young intracerebral hemorrhage patients enrolled in the Ethnic/Racial Variations in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) study. Background: Because of the increase in ICH incidence with age, risk factors and outcomes for older patients with this condition have been extensively characterized. On the other hand, studies that describe risk factors and outcomes in patients under age 50 with ICH have been limited to small, single-center, retrospective studies Design/Methods: The Ethnic/Racial Variations in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) study is a prospective multi-center study of ICH among adult (age ≥18 years) non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics. The study recruited 1000 participants per racial/ethnic group. The present study utilized the subset of ERICH cases aged Results: Of the 3000 ICH cases enrolled in ERICH, 418 were studied (mean age 43 years, 69% male), of which 48 (12%) were white, 173 (41%) were black, and 197 (47%) were Hispanic. For supratentorial ICH, blacks (odds ratio [OR] 0.42, p=0.046) and Hispanics (OR 0.34, p=0.01) had better outcomes than whites after adjustment for other factors associated with poor outcome: age (p=0.04), baseline disability (p Conclusions: In young patients with supratentorial ICH, black and Hispanic race/ethnicity is associated with better functional outcomes, compared with white race. Additional studies are needed to identify the biological and social mediators of this association. Study Supported by: The ERICH study is supported by a grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS: U-01-NS069763). This report does not represent the official view of NINDS, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), or any part of the US Federal Government. No official support or endorsement of this article by NINDS or NIH is intended or should be inferred. Disclosure: Dr. Miyares has nothing to disclose. Dr Falcone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leasure has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adeoye has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shi has nothing to disclose. Dr Kittner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Langefeld has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vagal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sheth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Woo has nothing to disclose.
Development of a Risk Stratification Scoring System to Predict General Surgical Complications in Hand Surgery Patients.

Purpose Avoidance of postoperative complications is important to both patients and surgeons. In an attempt to optimize postoperative outcomes, a risk stratification scoring system has been created to aid in optimizing risk factors for general surgical complications in hand surgery patients. Methods Patients were identified who underwent hand procedures as part of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Independent risk factors associated with postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery were identified and used to develop a point-scoring system to estimate the relative risk for sustaining complications. For validation, the system was tested on a subset of patients from the database who had undergone hand surgery. Results A total of 49,272 patients were identified as having undergone hand surgery from 2005 to 2015. The incidence of postoperative complications within 30 days of hand surgery was 2.3%. Risk factors associated with postoperative complications were male sex, tobacco abuse, congestive heart failure, anemia (male hematocrit less than 42; female less than 38), elevated creatinine (greater than 1.3 mg/dL), hypoalbuminemia (less than 3.5 g/dL), and hyponatremia (less than 135 mEq/L). Point scores derived for each of these factors were: hypoalbuminemia, +5; congestive heart failure, +2; anemia, +2; elevated creatinine, +2; male sex, +1; tobacco abuse, +1; and hyponatremia, +1. In the validation cohort, patients categorized as low-risk (0–3) using the point-scoring system had a 2.4% rate of 30-day complications; patients categorized as medium risk (4–7) had a 10.4% complication rate (relative risk = 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.1–5.9 compared with low risk) and high risk (≥8), 28.9% (relative risk = 11.9; 95% confidence interval, 9.0–15.7). Conclusions This point-scoring system predicts risk for general postoperative complications after hand surgery. These data may help surgeons identify areas of clinical concern with patients to reduce the risk for sustaining postoperative complications. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic II.
Digital Business Models: Review and Synthesis

While technological disruptions are changing the competitive landscape, their full impact on business structures, processes, and innovativeness are less understood and vary significantly across companies in the same industry, and may ironically be similar for companies in different industries. A primary reason for such a seemingly “random process” is the lack of a generally accepted definition of the term “business model” within which to provide systematic analyses. In fact, multiple definitions of business models exist, which pose significant challenges for understanding essential components.
Very anharmonic molecular vibrations

This is a survey of various types of highly anharmonic molecular vibrations. Its purpose is to be tutorial in nature rather than exhaustive.
GABA mediation of the dual effects of somatostatin on guinea pig ileal myenteric cholinergic transmission

Somatostatin (SS) has both excitatory and inhibitory actions on myenteric cholinergic transmission, which are mimicked by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). We hypothesized that both effects of SS are mediated by neural GABA pathways. In guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus, SS evoked [3H]-GABA release verifying GABA neural activation. SS (10(-9)-10(-5) M) stimulation of atropine-sensitive ileal contraction and evocation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) release was mimicked by the GABAA agonist muscimol but not the GABAB agonist baclofen. SS (10(-7) M)-evoked contraction and [3H]ACh release were markedly reduced by the GABAA antagonist bicuculline (10(-5) M) but not the GABAB antagonist phaclofen. Cholecystokinin (CCK) evokes ileal contraction via an atropine-sensitive pathway and stimulates ACh release via adenylate cyclase activation. SS inhibited contraction and release evoked by CCK (10(-7) M). These inhibitory actions were reversed by phaclofen but not bicuculline and were mimicked by baclofen but not muscimol. Pertussis toxin (200 ng/ml for 3 h) reversed the inhibitory effects of SS and baclofen on CCK-stimulated contraction and release. In conclusion, SS modulates ileal cholinergic pathways by stimulation of GABA neural pathways. The excitatory action of SS is mediated by GABAA receptors, whereas the inhibitory action utilizes GABAB receptors via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.
Istanbul: Informal Settlements and Generative Urbanism

Istanbul: Informal Settlements and Generative Urbanism analyzes two informal housing settlements in Istanbul, Turkey – Karanfilkoy and Fatih Sultan Mehmet – to examine how generatively built structures and neighbourhoods can be successfully realized in a modern, burgeoning urban context. Generative development processes adapt to existing conditions and unfold over time, but there have been relatively few examples in the 20th and 21st centuries. This book evaluates the constructs of living structures, pattern languages and generative urban design processes in relation to Istanbul’s informal settlements. It provides examples of communities making liveable, dynamic and user-adapted neighbourhoods and establishes them as a modern settlement typology in generative urban design theory.
Prevention of Cancer

For the first time in history the nation has a deliberate, conscious choice to make about whether or not to prevent cancer. In other words, current scientific knowledge about cancer has led us to a new avenue toward disease prevention and health promotion. In a sense, the nation and each individual is at a fork in the road. The way to health and a life without cancer requires changes in traditional lifestyles. Specifically, we now know that what causes or promotes at least 70% of cancer cases are lifestyle and environmental factors—most of which are controllable at the personal level. This knowledge, combined with recent advances in basic and applied research in detection and treatment and combined with advances in cancer control surveillance make the reduction of cancer mortality a genuine possibility. Clarifying this knowledge for the public and the medical community and motivating them to make changes in their lifestyles and professional practices are the next advances required to make cancer prevention a probability. In fact, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has estimated that a realistic goal is to reduce the mortality from cancer in the year 2000 by 50% of what it is today in 1984.
THE MISSING PIECE OF THE PERICARDIUM WHICH PREVENTED HEMODYNAMIC COMPROMISE

Cardiac tamponade is caused by increase in intra-pericardial pressure from accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space leading to hemodynamic compromise. We describe a case of very large pericardial effusion (PE) with preserved hemodynamics from removal of anterior pericardium. 56 year old man
Who Benefits? Adding Inclusive Innovation into the Evidence-Based School Counseling Research Agenda:

Inclusive innovation is a research framework used to assess the degree to which innovations are accessible to and useful within communities experiencing high need. We describe the tenets of inclusi...
On the removal of extrusions and intrusions via repolishing to improve metal fatigue life

Abstract Cyclic strain produces slip irregularities in the form of depressions and elevations on the surface of metals, often referred to as persistent slip bands, then surface slip irregularities grow as the number of cycles increases and result in roughening the surface. The surface roughening continues until the heights and depths of the extrusions and intrusions reach to a critical level leading to the initiation of a micro-crack. This study reports the implementation of a technique to increase the fatigue life of metals by polishing the specimens during cyclic loading. The critical values for the extrusions and intrusions are shown to be 4.8–5 μm and 5–5.5 μm, respectively. The results of an extensive set of experiments reveal that fatigue life can be extended significantly (from 45% to 100%) by polishing the surfaces at appropriate intervals. Results are also presented for determining an effective polishing period to substantially increase fatigue life performance.
Periprosthetic Hip Fractures Outside the Initial Postoperative Period: Does Time from Diagnosis to Surgery Matter?

Abstract Background Despite an increasing incidence and associated morbidity, the optimal timing for the surgical management of periprosthetic hip fractures remains unknown. This study sought to explore whether time to surgery was associated with medical or surgical complications. Methods A retrospective review of Medicare data from 2010 to 2014 was performed using PearlDiver. All patients with a periprosthetic hip fracture greater than 90 days from surgery and undergoing open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) were included. Time to surgery was measured from diagnosis and dichotomized at 48 hours. Results Of 342 patients undergoing ORIF, 269 (79%) had surgery within 48 hours. Of 255 patients undergoing RTHA, 142 (56%) had surgery within 48 hours. For ORIF, surgery more than 48 hours after diagnosis was associated with an increased rate of 30-day deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (15% vs 7%, P = .03), which remained after adjustment (odds ratio [OR]: 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-6.45). A similar association was seen for RTHA (12% vs 6%, P = .09 and OR: 2.61, 95% CI 1.01-7.24). For RTHA, surgery more than 48 hours after diagnosis was associated with an increased rate of 90-day periprosthetic joint infection (12% vs 4%, P = .007), which remained after adjustment (OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 1.36-12.72). A similar but not significant association was seen for ORIF (7% vs 3%, P = .18 and OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 0.73-8.91). Conclusions Among Medicare patients with a periprosthetic hip fracture, time to surgery greater than 48 hours was associated with increased medical and surgical complications.
The Kidney Score Platform for Patient and Clinician Awareness, Communication, and Management of Kidney Disease: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

Background Patient awareness, clinician detection, and management of chronic kidney disease remain suboptimal, despite clinical practice guidelines and diverse education programs. Objective This protocol describes a study to develop and investigate the impact of the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Score Platform on chronic kidney disease awareness, communication, and management, by leveraging the Behavior Change Wheel, an implementation science framework that helps identify behavioral intervention targets and functions that address barriers to behavior change. Methods We interviewed 20 patients with chronic kidney disease and 11 clinicians to identify patient and clinician behaviors suitable for intervention and barriers to behavior change (eg, limited awareness of chronic kidney disease clinical practice guidelines within primary care settings, limited data analytics to highlight chronic kidney disease care gaps, asymptomatic nature of chronic kidney disease in conjunction with patient reliance on primary care clinicians to determine risk and order kidney testing). Leveraging the Behavior Change Wheel, the Kidney Score Platform was developed with a patient-facing online Risk Calculator and a clinician-facing Clinical Practice Toolkit. The Risk Calculator utilizes risk predictive analytics to provide interactive health information tailored to an individual's chronic kidney disease risk and health status. The Clinical Practice Toolkit assists clinicians in discussing chronic kidney disease with individuals at risk for and with kidney disease and in managing their patient population with chronic kidney disease. The Kidney Score Platform will be tested in 2 Veterans Affairs primary health care settings using a pre-post study design. Outcomes will include changes in patient self-efficacy for chronic kidney disease management (primary outcome), quality of communication with clinicians about chronic kidney disease, and practitioners' knowledge of chronic kidney disease guidelines. Process outcomes will identify usability and adoption of different elements of the Kidney Score Platform using qualitative and quantitative methods. Results As of September 2020, usability studies are underway with veterans and clinicians to refine the patient-facing components of the Kidney Score Platform before study initiation. Results and subsequent changes to the Kidney Score Platform will be published at a later date. The study is expected to be completed by December 2021. Conclusions Results of this study will be used to inform integration of the Kidney Score Platform within primary care settings so that it can serve as a central component of the National Kidney Foundation public awareness campaign to educate, engage, and empower individuals at risk for and living with chronic kidney disease. International registered report identifier (irrid) PRR1-10.2196/22024.
Model-Based Deep Learning for One-Bit Compressive Sensing

In this work, we consider the problem of one-bit deep compressive sensing from both a system design and a signal recovery perspective. In particular, we develop hybrid model-based deep learning architectures based on the deep unfolding methodology. We further interpret the overall data-acquisition and signal recovery modules as an auto-encoder structure allowing for learning task-specific sensing matrix, quantization thresholds, as well as the latent-parameters of iterative first-order optimization algorithms specifically designed for the problem of one-bit sparse signal recovery. The proposed model-based deep architectures have the ability to adaptively learn the proper quantization thresholds, paving the way for amplitude recovery in one-bit compressive sensing. We further show that the proposed methodology implicitly learns task-specific sensing matrices with very low coherence, which is highly desirable in a compressive sensing setting. Due to the model-based nature of the proposed deep architecture, it enjoys from the interpretability and versatility of model-based techniques as well as benefiting from the expressive power of data-driven methods. Specifically, owing to its model-based nature, it has far fewer parameters and requires far less samples for training as compared to black-box machine learning models. Our results demonstrate a significant improvement compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Modeling familial predictors of proband outcomes in neurogenetic disorders: initial application in XYY syndrome.

Disorders of gene dosage can significantly increase risk for psychopathology, but outcomes vary greatly amongst carriers of any given chromosomal aneuploidy or sub-chromosomal copy number variation (CNV). One potential path to advance precision medicine for neurogenetic disorders is modeling penetrance in probands relative to observed phenotypes in their non-carrier relatives. Here, we seek to advance this general analytic framework by developing new methods in application to XYY syndrome—a sex chromosome aneuploidy that is known to increase risk for psychopathology. We analyzed a range of cognitive and behavioral domains in XYY probands and their non-carrier family members (n = 58 families), including general cognitive ability (FSIQ), as well as continuous measures of traits related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Proband and relative scores were compared using covariance, regression and cluster analysis. Comparisons were made both within and across traits. Proband scores were shifted away from family scores with effect sizes varying between 0.9 and 2.4 across traits. Only FSIQ and vocabulary scores showed a significant positive correlation between probands and their non-carrier relatives across families (R2 ~ 0.4). Variability in family FSIQ also cross-predicted variability in proband ASD trait severity. Cluster analysis across all trait-relative pairings revealed that variability in parental psychopathology was more weakly coupled to their XYY versus their euploid offspring. We present a suite of generalizable methods for modeling variable penetrance in aneuploidy and CNV carriers using family data. These methods update estimates of phenotypic penetrance for XYY and suggest that the predictive utility of family data is likely to vary for different traits and different gene dosage disorders. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00001246 , “89-M-0006: Brain Imaging of Childhood Onset Psychiatric Disorders, Endocrine Disorders and Healthy Controls.” Date of registry: 01 October 1989.
Dietary Quality and Nutritional Biomarkers associated with Dietary Patterns of Socioeconomically Diverse Urban African American and White Population

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the dietary and health-related quality of cluster patterns of African Americans and Whites, 30 to 64 years of age, examined in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. All ten clusters reflected a Western diet with low adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern, ranging from 0.9 to 15.3%.Micronutrient adequacy scores ranged from 68.6 to 81.6 out of 100. Clinical and blood biomarkers provided evidence of the health risks for metabolic syndrome, inflammation, hypertension and prediabetes, suggesting the need for dietary improvement.
Big-data x-ray phase contrast imaging simulation challenges

This position paper describes a potential implementation of a large-scale grating-based X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging System (XPCI) simulation tool along with the associated challenges in its implementation. This work proposes an implementation based off of an implementation by Peterzol et. al. where each grating is treated as an object imaged in the field-of-view. Two main challenges exist; the first, is the required sampling and information management in object space due to the micron-scale periods of each grating propagating over significant distances. The second is maintaining algorithmic numerical stability for imaging systems relevant to industrial applications. We present preliminary results for a numerical stability study using a simplified algorithm that performs Talbot imaging in a big-data context
PEPT2-mediated uptake of neuropeptides in rat choroid plexus.

Purpose. The peptide transporter PEPT2 was recently shown to be functionally active in rat choroid plexus, suggesting that it may play a role in neuropeptide homeostasis in the cerebrospinal fluid. This study, therefore, examined the role of PEPT2 in mediating neuropeptide uptake into choroid plexus.
Promoting Trade Liberalization: Theoretical Analysis of Foreign Aid as Prize

We investigate whether foreign aid can be used to induce trade policy reforms. We develop a two-period political economic model where promise of aid in period 2 depends on chosen tariff in period 1. We consider three scenarios depending on whether the donor is passive/active and whether the two governments move simultaneously or sequentially. We find a sufficient condition for unconditional aid to increase the level of optimal tariff, and the possibility of unconditional aid increasing optimal tariff decreases when the donor is active rather than passive.
Cold resistance of the brain during hibernation. Temperature sensitivity of the partial reactions of the Na+, K+-ATPase.

Brain Na+,K+-ATPase from the hibernating hamster was shown to have a lower temperature coefficient than that from the warm-adapted hamster. However, the temperature coefficients of the partial reactions associated with the Na+,K+-ATPase were similar in both the warm-adapted and hibernating hamster. The steady-state level of phosphorylated enzyme was also similar in both physiological states. This type of acclimation in hibernation is apparently one in which a qualitative change in the enzyme has occurred. It was concluded that these temperature sensitive sites are associated with conformational processes that occur within the enzyme and further are dependent upon the lipid environment of the enzyme.
Lamarckian Evolution, The Baldwin Effect and Function Optimization

We compare two forms of hybrid genetic search. The first uses Lamarckian evolution, while the second uses a related method where local search is employed to change the fitness of strings, but the acquired improvements do not change the genetic encoding of the individual. The latter search method exploits the Baldwin effect. By modeling a simple genetic algorithm we show that functions exist where simple genetic algorithms without learning as well as Lamarckian evolution converge to the same local optimum, while genetic search utilizing the Baldwin effect converges to the global optimum. We also show that a simple genetic algorithm exploiting the Baldwin effect can sometimes outperform forms of Lamarckian evolution that employ the same local search strategy.