cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethanol Embolotherapy of Vascular Malformations: Clinical Outcomes at a Single Center

Abstract Purpose To retrospectively evaluate the results of endovascular therapy of vascular malformations principally treated with ethanol embolization at a single center. Materials and Methods From May 1999 to December 2012, 46 patients (28 female, 18 male) with vascular malformations (31 venous malformations, 15 arteriovenous malformations [AVMs]) throughout the body (nine upper extremity, 31 lower extremity, and six truncal) who underwent ethanol embolization were studied and followed up. Demographic factors, clinical findings, imaging data, and patient-reported changes in symptoms were collected and analyzed. Follow-up data were obtained by office visits, repeat imaging, and telephone contact. Results Twenty-four patients (52.2%) were considered cured, 12 (26.1%) showed improvement, and 10 (21.7%) had no change or showed worsening. Similar rates of cure or improvement were seen for AVMs and venous malformations ( P = 0.67). Lesion location, depth, and size were not associated with differences in outcomes ( P = .87, P = .37, and P = .61, respectively). Type 1 and type 2 AVMs were cured more often than other AVM types. The overall complication rate was 24% (11 of 46 patients). Minor complications were seen in six individuals (13%), and major complications developed in five patients (11%). Conclusions Ethanol embolization of vascular malformations produces good outcomes, with control or relief of symptoms in a majority of patients.
John Ross Callahan

Dusky brown in color, 1⅔ life-size in dimension, lodged on a7-ft pedestal of straight and simple lines is the mellowed bronze bust of a man. Sculptured eyes peer over a brushy moustache to look on the clinic of the Ohio State University College of Dentistry in Columbus. Around the base swirl the students, many of whom do not clearly understand who he was. Few have done more than pause to read the name—John R. Callahan.
Present Practices and Methods of Supervising Practice Teachers in Physical Education

(1941). Present Practices and Methods of Supervising Practice Teachers in Physical Education. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 131-140.
College Binge Drinking: Deviant Versus Mainstream behavior

College binge drinking is examined from the perspectives of two cultures. The traditional culture views binging as deviant; the second culture promotes it. In this context, logit regression is used to explore the effects of various factors, including student employment and parental education. Employed students are less likely to binge than are students who are not employed. Also, students whose mother is a college graduate, but whose father is not, are more likely to binge than other students. The prescriptions for reducing binge drinking are different when the behavior is perceived as mainstream rather than deviant. The research calls for the development of a process for promoting cultural change in an environment of continually changing student leadership.
Characterization of a fucose-binding protein from bull sperm and seminal plasma that may be responsible for formation of the oviductal sperm reservoir

Oviductal sperm reservoirs have been found in cattle, mice, hamsters, pigs, and horses. In cattle (Bos taurus), the reservoir is evidently formed when sperm bind to fucosylated ligands resembling Le(a) trisaccharide on the surface of oviductal epithelium. The aim of this study was to characterize the fucose-binding protein on bull sperm. Fresh ejaculated sperm were extracted with 0.5 M KCl in Hepes-balanced salts. Extracts were subjected to affinity chromatography using immobilized Le(a) trisaccharide (alpha-L-Fuc[1,4]-beta-D-Gal[1,3]-D-GlcNAc). Two-dimensional PAGE of the affinity chromatography eluates revealed a prominent protein of approximately 16.5 kDa and a pI of 5.8. This protein inhibited binding of sperm to oviductal explants. A similar analysis of proteins extracted from capacitated sperm (which do not bind to oviductal epithelium) showed a reduction in the amount of the 16.5-kDa protein. When examined by epifluorescence microscopy, live uncapacitated sperm labeled over the acrosome with a fucose-BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate, while capacitated sperm did not. When capacitated sperm were treated with 16.5-kDa protein, labeling with fucose-BSA-FITC was partially restored. The comparative ease with which the protein was removed from sperm and its apparent reassociation with sperm suggested that it could be a peripheral protein derived from epididymal or accessory gland fluids. Blots of SDS-PAGE gels of seminal plasma proteins revealed the presence of a Le(a)-binding protein with an apparent mass of 16.5 kDA: Amino acid sequencing of two tryptic fragments of the protein purified from sperm extracts identified it as PDC-109 (BSP-A1/A2), a product of the seminal vesicles.
Ionic mechanisms of cholinergic excitation in mammalian hippocampal pyramidal cells.

Intracellular recordings from CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons were obtained using the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation. Responses to ACh were monitored in the presence of blockers of voltage-dependent conductances including Mn2+, TTX and Ba2+. When Mn2+ was used to block voltage-dependent Ca conductance and possible indirect presynaptic cholinergic actions, ACh still induced a significant voltage-sensitive increase in apparent input resistance (Ra) (29%), but only an insignificant depolarization of membrane potential (Vm). When both voltage-dependent Ca and Na conductances were blocked by application of Mn2+ and TTX, respectively, ACh produced voltage-dependent increases in Ra (31%) without significant depolarization. In solutions containing TTX alone, ACh produced voltage-sensitive increases in Ra (32%) as well as a significant depolarization (6.2±3.1mV(S.D.)). ACh transiently blocked the conductance increase which followed presumed Ca spikes, suggesting an action on the Ca-activated K-dependent conductance. The effects of Ba2 application (100–200 μM) on Ra mimicked those of ACh. When ACh was applied to neurons in the presence of Ba2+, Ra remained unchanged, although Vm depolarization of 5–15 mV was still seen. The data indicate that ACh decreases both a voltage-dependent K conductance (distinct from that of the delayed rectifier) and a Ca-activated K conductance. Muscarinic cholinergic depolarization occurs as a result of blockade of K conductance, and is mediated by voltage-dependent Ca and Na conductances, and perhaps by presynaptic actions.
Exogenous Retinoic Acid and Cytochrome P450 26B1 Inhibitor Modulate Meiosis‐Associated Genes Expression in Canine Testis, an In Vitro Model

Pharmacological approaches to control spermatogenesis are required to resolve overpopulation in dogs. The objective of the study was to investigate the regulation of meiosis-associated and male germ cell-related genes, stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8), synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3), dosage suppressor of mck1 (DMC1), doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1) and deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) following exogenous administration of retinoic acid (RA) and after the modulation of endogenous RA by a cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 inhibitor (CYP26B1-I; R115866) in an in vitro testis model. Testicles of five healthy, medium-sized and mixed-breed dogs were used for the organotypic cultures. All-trans-RA at 2 μM, CYP26B1-I at 1 μM and the control dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were administered to the testes cultures, and the cultures were maintained for 24 h. Genes STRA8, DAZL and DMRT1 were significantly up-regulated as a result of the direct and indirect increase in the RA levels in the testis, subsequent to the exogenous administration of all-trans-RA and CYP26B1 inhibitor. Up-regulation of STRA8 was very prominent compared to DAZL and DMRT, and the drastic up-regulation of STRA8 was also observed with CY26B1-I than with all-trans-RA. No significant differences were found with the early meiotic markers, SYCP3 and DMC1 with RA, CY26B1-I and vehicle treatments. Because DAZL encodes a germ cell-specific RNA-binding protein, required for the induction of STRA8 and initiation of meiosis, we might see the expression differences temporally with the stage of spermatogenesis. DMRT1 is a unique gonad- and stage-specific transcription factor, directly activates STRA8 and has the temporal influence on its expression. Protein expression of DAZL and STRA8 was greater in RA- and CYP26B1-I-treated testis culture, whereas DMRT1 showed greater protein expression for RA treatment, but not for CYP26B1-I treatment compared to control. Relative protein expression of STRA8 was greatest for the CYP26B1-I treatment compared to DMSO and RA treatments. In conclusion, pharmacological intervention of spermatogenesis pertinent to RA signalling is plausible, and the effect of modulation differs upon the types of molecules and the key stages of signalling being targeted.
The role of anaerobic digestion in controlling the release of tetracycline resistance genes and class 1 integrons from municipal wastewater treatment plants

In this study, the abilities of two anaerobic digestion processes used for sewage sludge stabilization were compared for their ability to reduce the quantities of three genes that encode resistance to tetracycline (tet(A), tet(O), and tet(X)) and one gene involved with integrons (intI1). A two-stage, thermophilic/mesophilic digestion process always resulted in significant decreases in the quantities of tet(X) and intI1, less frequently in decreases of tet(O), and no net decrease in tet(A). The thermophilic stage was primarily responsible for reducing the quantities of these genes, while the subsequent mesophilic stage sometimes caused a rebound in their quantities. In contrast, a conventional anaerobic digestion process rarely caused a significant decrease in the quantities of any of these genes, with significant increases occurring more frequently. Our results demonstrate that anaerobic thermophilic treatment was more efficient in reducing quantities of genes associated with the spread of antibiotic resistance compared to mesophilic digestion.
Interaction of a Cumulus Cloud Ensemble with the Large-Scale Environment, Part I

Large-scale modification of the environment by cumulus clouds is discussed in terms of entrainment, detrainment, evaporation, and subsidence. Drying, warming, and condensation by vertical displacement of air are considered as well as budget equations for mass, static energy, water vapor, and liquid water.
Single-shot immunization with recombinant adenovirus encoding vaccinia virus glycoprotein A27L is protective against a virulent respiratory poxvirus infection

Significant safety issues have emerged concerning the general use of DRYVAX vaccine. Vaccination with replication-defective recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vaccines may offer a safer and effective alternative to live vaccinia virus (VV) vaccination. Six individual poxvirus glycoproteins: A33R, A34R, A36R, B5R, A27L or L1R that are normally expressed on the surface of infectious vaccinia virus were encoded in rAd vaccines and tested in mice in this study. A single-shot intramuscular injection of rAd encoding A27L protected mice against a lethal intranasal challenge with VV at 4 weeks post-vaccination. By 10 weeks post-vaccination, a significant decrease in post-challenge morbidity was observed that correlated with potent neutralizing antibody responses and the emergence of specific polyfunctional T cell responses. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rAd-A27L immunization persisted for at least 35 weeks post-vaccination. This study is the first demonstration that a single-shot subunit vaccine encoding a poxvirus protein confers protection against the mortality and morbidity associated with poxvirus infection.
Scaling the bulk-driven MOSFET into deca-nanometer bulk CMOS processes

Abstract This paper examines the implications of scaling an n -type bulk-driven MOSFET into the 90 nm node in an effort to make the device suitable for analog designs operating at 0.7 V, the minimum supply voltage predicted for the end of bulk CMOS. Observations will suggest that process scaling has caused the g mb / g m ratio to degrade from 0.38 to 0.12 between representative 0.25 μm and 65 nm technologies and that the benefits expected from traditional bulk-driven circuit architectures are no longer present in deca-nanometer processes unless certain modifications are considered. Furthermore, it will be shown that the major disadvantages of the bulk-driven MOSFET – i.e., its low intrinsic gain, low cut-off frequency and layout area requirements – can be improved by as much as 110%, 50% and 53%, respectively, if delta doping (defined as a heavily-doped buried layer of 100 nm thickness) and deep trench isolation are used instead of conventional uniform doping and triple-well isolation.
Factors affecting outcome in a school mental health service

The teacher-rated outcome on 70 consecutive school mental health referrals treated with brief psychiatric therapy was obtained. The major clinical and outcome findings were (1) 40% of the children showed a hyperactive-learning impaired pattern: (2) the use of stimulant medication for the majority of this group resulted in dramatic classroom improvement; (3) time-limited therapy for academically retarded, chronically misbehaving children produced limited classroom benefits; (4) parental antagonism toward school authorities was frequently related to student suspensions; (5) the child's IQ was a significantly (positive) outcome factor; (6) persistence in treatment was significantly greater when medication was prescribed.
Ceramic Resistors and Capacitors Embedded in Organic Printed Wiring Boards

Combining thick-film and printed wiring board processes allows thick-film ceramic resistors and capacitors to be embedded in printed wiring boards (PWB). The resistor materials are based on lanthanum boride and cover the range of 10 ohm/square to 10 Kohm/square resistivities. The capacitor material is based on doped barium titanate. Both systems are designed to be “thick-film” printed on copper foil in the locations desired in the circuit and the foil is then fired in nitrogen at 900°C to form the ceramic component on the copper foil. The foil is then laminated, component face down, to FR4 using standard prepreg. The inner layer is then etched to reveal the components in a FR4 matrix. The resistors can be trimmed to tight tolerance at this stage and the components tested. The inner layer can then be laminated into a multilayer PWB. The process is described and the influence of board design, PWB processing and materials are presented and discussed. Examples of circuits using embedded thick-film passives are shown and results of reliability studies are presented.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Dr. Pierre Budin: Promoter of Breastfeeding in 19th Century France

The 19th century saw the rapid development of sciences and industry as well as the continuation of world expansion of the European nations to provide the primary ingredients for their activity. Manpower demand was high, but high maternal and infant mortality did not help the growth of the French population. During the second half of the 19th century, social and health care pressures became such that the governments had to turn toward physicians for a response to ugly demographic statistics. In France, Dr. Pierre Budin, an obstetrician, addressed the issue of infant mortality by analyzing its causes. Among them, the main culprit of infant decimation was gastroenteritis resulting from contaminated cow's milk. He introduced the radical concept of the well-babies clinic. Because his action produced success, clinics expanded rapidly throughout Europe and beyond. Pierre Budin introduced the systematic nutritional status check-up of infants by weighing and measuring as well as educating mothers on the maintenanc...
The relation between lower limb pooling and blood flow during orthostasis in the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome of adolescents.

Abstract Objectives: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by symptoms of lightheadedness, fatigue, and signs of edema, acrocyanosis, and exaggerated tachycardia within 10 minutes of upright posture. Our objective was to determine how vascular properties contribute to the pathophysiology of POTS in adolescents. Study design: We compared 11 patients aged 13 to 18 years with 8 members of a control group, recording continuous heart rate and blood pressure and using strain-gauge plethysmography to measure forearm and calf blood flow and to estimate venous pressure while the subjects were supine. Calf blood flow and size change were measured during 70 o head-up tilt. Results: Resting calf venous pressure was higher in the POTS group compared with the control group. Resting resistance was decreased in both the forearm (15 ± 2 vs 30 ± 4) and calf (27 ± 2 vs 42 ± 5) in the POTS group. Calf blood flow 60 seconds after tilt increased from 1.9 ± 0.4 mL/100 mL/min to 6.6 ± 2.3 mL/100 mL/min in the POTS group but only by half in the control group. Flow remained elevated in the POTS group but decreased to 70% baseline in the control group. Calf volume increased twice as much in the POTS group compared with the control group over a shorter time (13 vs 30 minutes). Conclusions: Lower resistance at baseline reflects a defect in arterial vasoconstriction in POTS, further exacerbated during upright posture. (J Pediatr 2001;138:512-9)
Alkali metal intercalation in ternary and multinary compounds

The group-IV,-V and-VI transition metal dichalcogenides are able to rapidly and reversibly incorporate significant concentrations of alkali metal ions (intercalants) within their layer structures. Because of their unusual combination of rapid mobility and high chemical stability for the intercalant, some of the alkali-metal-intercalated dichalcogenides are attractive candidates for high-energy battery electrodes. The structural characteristics of the lithium- and sodium-intercalated TiS2 compounds, which are the most extensively investigated intercalated materials, are summarized. The chemical stability of intercalants is discussed, with an emphasis on the ternary-phase equilibria, electrochemicalcell voltage and intercalant interaction energies. Some recent investigations with multinary alkali metal intercalation compounds are then described.
What We Know, What We Still Need to Know: Teaching Adolescents to Write

This article examines what we know about effective adolescent writing instruction and what we still need to know. What we know is established by bringing together the findings from three sources: a comprehensive meta-analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental studies (Graham & Perin, 2007), a meta-analysis of single-subject design studies (conducted as part of this article), and an analysis of reoccurring themes from qualitative studies examining effective schools and teachers (conducted as part of this article). Recommendations for what we still need to know are linked to these three analyses but extend beyond them, specifying directions for future research and the need to contextualize research-based writing interventions.
A Rebreather for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Postoperative Respiratory Complications

The incidence of atelectasis following major surgery remains practically unchanged. Of the many methods in use for the prevention and treatment of postoperative respiratory complications, a dead space rebreathing device has appeal because of its simplicity and effectiveness. The new rebreather presented here is a light compact rebreathing device of 1,000 ml capacity that patients find to be effective and easy to use without assistance. Arterial blood studies and ventilation recordings show an increased depth of breathing in response to the rise in arterial CO 2 tension during use of the rebreather. Very deep intermittent breaths are commonly encountered with use of the rebreather. Periodic deep breaths effectively counteract the quiet shallow breathing pattern predisposing patients to the development of atelectasis and pneumonia. The improved oxygenation seen in many patients with low resting arterial oxygen tensions suggests that deep breaths open collapsed alveoli.
Developing an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation for a selenium-hyperaccumulator Astragalus racemosus.

Agrobacteriumtumefaciens strain LBA4404 containing the plasmid pBI121, carrying the reporter gene uidA and the kanamycin resistance gene nptII, was used for gene transfer experiments in selenium (Se)-hyperaccumulator Astragalus racemosus. The effects of kanamycin on cell growth and division and acetosyringone on transformation efficiency were evaluated. The optimal concentration of kanamycin that could effectively inhibit cell growth and division in non-transgenic tissues was 50 mg l−1 and thus all putative transgenic plants were obtained on induction medium containing 50 mg l−1 kanamycin. The verification of transformants was achieved by both histochemical GUS assay and PCR amplification of nptII gene. Southern blot analysis was performed to further confirm that transgene nptII was stably integrated into the A. racemosus genome. A transformation frequency of approximately 10% was achieved using this protocol, but no beneficial effect from the addition of acetosyringone (50 μM) was observed. This transformation system will be a useful tool for future studies of genes responsible for Se-accumulation in A. racemosus.
New Optical Techniques For Particle Studies In The Bottom Boundary Layer

The effect of shape on the fall velocity of silt-size mineral particles was investigated by recording sequential transmission holograms of settling particles. Particles with similar densities and settling speeds varied in their sphere-equivalent radii by a factor of 5. The large particles were edgewise-settling thin flakes while the smaller particles were much more compact. Variations of the Stokes settling equation for thin disks accurately described the settling data for large thin flakes. The fall velocities for small, compact, fast-settling particles were much greater than for volume-equivalent spheres and were adequately described by the Stokes equation for elliptical cylinders. An unresolved problem remains in that the theoretical drag on thin disks is about four times that on flat elliptical cylinders of the same surface area.
A "HOWFARLESS" option to increase efficiency of homogeneous phantom calculations with DOSXYZnrc.

This paper describes a 'HOWFARLESS' transport option, which has been added to DOSXYZnrc to increase the efficiency of beam commissioning calculations in homogeneous phantoms. The algorithm speeds up charged particle transport by only considering the distance to the extreme outer boundaries of the phantom, thus eliminating the need to stop at voxel boundaries. Dose is deposited by approximating the total curved charged particle steps by two straight-line steps joined at a hinge point. Good agreement with normal simulations is achieved at all beam energies and for all practical maximum step lengths with a 1:1 mixture of approximations based on the initial position/direction of the particle and on its final position/direction. Use of the 'HOWFARLESS' option in phantom calculations for 6 and 18 MV photon beams (10x10 cm{sup 2} and 40x40 cm{sup 2} fields) from BEAMnrc-simulated accelerators increases the efficiency at the optimum photon splitting number by a factor of 2.9-5.4 when the exact EGSnrc boundary crossing algorithm (BCA) is used and by 51%-89% when the faster PRESTA-I BCA is employed. The efficiency gain due to the 'HOWFARLESS' transport option increases with increasing beam energy and decreases with increasing field/dose voxel size. Efficiency improvement is greater when the efficiency of themore » particle source itself is not a factor, and in such cases the 'HOWFARLESS' option improves the DOSXYZnrc efficiency by up to a factor of 13.1 (exact BCA) or 3.5 (PRESTA-I BCA) for photon beams, and up to a factor of 17.2 (exact BCA) or 5.2 (PRESTA-I BCA) for electron beams.« less
Matrices of Green's type for the potential equation on a cylindrical surface joined to a hemisphere

Abstract In this study, we use a new approach to constructing Green's functions for a particular case of joined surface of revolution which is rooted in the classical method of the separation of variables. The approach was originally developed [1, 2] to construct Green's functions and matrices for homogeneous media. The first stage of our approach represents the Green's function (matrix) to be found in terms of its Fourier series with respect to one of the independent variables. Consequently, boundary value problems arise for systems of ordinary differential equations in the coefficients of the Fourier series. Green's matrices for such equations are then constructed with the help of a well-known procedure. The second stage of the approach deals with the complete summation of the singular part of the Green's function so as to be computationally effective.
Impact of combination evidence based medical treatment in patients with acute coronary syndromes in various TIMI risk groups.

The term acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a spectrum of acute severe cardiac disorders which include unstable angina (UA), non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Patients presenting with ACS represent a major health problem, accounting for 2.5 million hospitalisations and 500 000 deaths annually in the USA alone.1 We have previously demonstrated that use of combination evidence based medical treatments including antiplatelet agents, β blockers, statins, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is independently and strongly associated with lower six month mortality in patients with ACS.2 In the present study we assessed the treatment effect of combination therapy in patients stratified according to their risk of future cardiovascular events according to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk score. There were 1358 patients who were admitted to, or discharged from, inpatient services at the University of Michigan Medical Center from 1 January 1999 to 11 March 2002 with a diagnosis of ACS. Ninety four patients had documented contraindications to β blockers or ACE inhibitors and were excluded from the analysis. The study cohort included the remaining 1264 patients. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board at the University of Michigan and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Mortality data at six months follow up was obtained for 100% of the patients based on health system record review and/or telephone call interview. An appropriateness algorithm for the use of each of the …
Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase: Probing the role of the axial base in catalysis of methyl transfer between methyltetrahydrofolate and exogenous Cob(I)alamin or Cob(I)inamide

Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (MetH) catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups between methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3-H4folate) and homocysteine, with the enzyme-bound cobalamin serving as an intermediary in the methyl transfers. An MetH fragment comprising residues 2−649 contains modules that bind and activate CH3-H4folate and homocysteine and catalyze methyl transfers to and from exogenous cobalamin. Comparison of the rates of reaction of cobalamin, which contains a dimethylbenzimidazole nucleotide coordinated to the cobalt in the lower axial position, and cobinamide, which lacks the dimethylbenzimidazole nucleotide, allows assessment of the degree of stabilization the dimethylbenzimidazole base provides for methyl transfer between CH3-H4folate bound to MetH(2−649) and exogenous cob(I)alamin. When the reactions of cob(I)alamin or cob(I)inamide with CH3-H4folate are compared, the observed second-order rate constants are 2.7-fold faster for cob(I)alamin; in the reverse direction, methylcobinamide rea...
TWO TRIS UREA MERCAPTOETHANOL EXTRACTABLE POLYPEPTIDES FOUND UNIQUELY IN SCALES OF PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS

This study was designed to chemically characterize the principal structural proteins of psoriatic scales. Cornified cells were obtained from 40 patients with psoriasis, 21 patients with other scaly diseases, and 13 normal individuals. Cells were washed with Tris-HCl buffer and incubated in 8M urea containing 2-mercaptoethanol (pH 9.0) at 30°C for 7hr. Extracted proteins were subjected to SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein patterns from normal and diseased scales were compared. The 67,000 dalton constituent of normal cornified cells could not be identified in protein from psoriatic scale and instead, a pair of polypeptides of approximately 54,000 and 57,000 daltons appeared. These extra bands were not found in protein extractions from other skin diseases, uninvolved skin of psoriasis patients, or normal skin. In order to analyze further normal and psoriatic scale proteins, the immunoreaction of rabbit antisera to human 67,000 dalton polypeptide with extracted psoriasis protein and with frozen biopsy sections, was studied using immunoprecipitation tests and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Both techniques demonstrated the existence of the 67,000 dalton protein in psoriasis, but as a minor component. These results indicate that additional unique urea mercaptoethanol soluble proteins are formed in psoriatic lesions, and this unusual protein synthesis may reflect the morphological changes in this disease.
Alkynyl Substituted Carboranes as Precursors to Boron Carbide Thin Films, Fibers and Composites

The use of alkynyl substituted derivatives of o-carborane as precursors to boron containing ceramics is described. These compounds undergo a thermally or photochemically induced polymerization to afford cross linked polyakynyl-o-carborane derivatives. The increase in molecular weight should allow for increased Tg's and the retention of modelled polymer preforms. In this report, these modification reactions are described. In addition, the retention of molded polymer preforms were analyzed after UV exposure and inert atmosphere pyrolysis.
Instructional experience with an XPL-implemented operating system model

An operating system model, programmed in assembly language and executed under a Sigma 9 simulator, has been employed for some time at the University of Southern Mississippi in an undergraduate operating systems course. Due to student inexperience and the inherent difficulties of writing and debugging assembly language, models developed in this way had to be group efforts, and either never worked or did not achieve any degree of sophistication. XPL, which was already being used in USM compiler courses, seemed a natural way to improve this situation, but presented several difficulties: 1) code generated by the XPL compiler required runtime support which in turn could depend on the "real" operating system (CP-V); and, 2) linkages for internal (XPL) procedures and external (assembly language) procedures had to be used to effect interrupt, trap and supervisor call control transitions. A special runtime package which flagged certain "support" calls as errors and provided the privileged instructions solved these problems.
Extended parallelism in the Gro¨bner basis algorithm

This paper presents a new parallel implementation to compute Grobner bases utilizing two different forms of parallelism. A coarse-grain technique developed by Jean-Phillipe Vidal expands and reducesS-polynomials in parallel. A finegrain technique, proposed by Melenk and Neun, constructs a pipeline of processors to overlap execution of the reduction operations. A hybrid algorithm that outperforms both of the original approaches is presented. The combined algorithm requires the user to select the appropriate allocation of processors to the two styles of parallelism, and uses this static assignment throughout the computation. The paper also discusses the design and implementation approaches used to construct an efficient version of this algorithm.
Multiple scattering of optical pulses in scale model clouds.

The results of experiments to measure the delay, temporal stretching, attenuation, and spatial spreading of optical pulses in scale model clouds are reported. The model clouds consisted of diiodomethane/water or paraffin oil/water emulsions maintained in a rotating scattering cell to prevent settling of the droplets. The optical pulses were 532-nm, 25-psec duration pulses generated by a frequency-doubled passively mode-locked Nd:YAG laser and were detected with a 10-psec resolution streak camera. The measurements of the delay in the mean arrival time of the pulses due to multiple scattering are the first measured directly.
Biological sciences and ethics : Models of cooperation

Dans le cadre d'un colloque consacre a la cooperation entre les sciences de la vie et les communautes normatives de l'ethique, qui s'est deroule a l'universite de Tel-Aviv en janvier 1995, l'A. etudie les differents modeles de cooperation et d'interaction entre la biologie et l'ethique en general. Examinant le processus de regulation des differents comites, conseils et tribunaux, l'A. mesure la contribution des patients/clients, de la communaute politique et de l'administration publique a l'etablissement d'un consensus entre les sicentifiques et les professionnels de l'ethique
DECREASES IN THE RESPONSE LATENCY TO PRIMING OVER THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

We previously reported that the latency of responding to a memory prime in a reactivation procedure decreases between 3 and 6 months of age. The present study extended this analysis through the first year of life. In this study, 6-, 9-, and 12-month-olds learned an operant task. One week after they had forgotten it, infants were exposed to a component of the original event as a memory prime and were tested after different delays for evidence of retention. Although the interval between the original event and priming increased linearly with age-from 3 weeks at 6 months to 9 weeks at 12 months, the latency of responding after priming decreased linearly with age-from 1 hr at 6 months to 0-1 s at 12 months. The latency of responding after priming was not task-specific; at 6 months, it was identical in two different tasks. These results provide additional evidence that priming in reactivation studies with infants is the same automatic, perceptual identification phenomenon as repetition priming in studies with adults.
Online multi-camera registration for bimanual workspace trajectories

We demonstrate that millimeter-level bimanual manipulation accuracy can be achieved without the static camera registration typically required for visual servoing. We register multiple cameras online, converging in seconds, by visually tracking features on the robot hands and filtering the result. Then, we compute and track continuous-velocity relative workspace trajectories for the end-effector. We demonstrate the approach using Schunk LWA4 and SDH manipulators and Logitech C920 cameras, showing accurate relative positioning for pen-capping and object hand-off tasks. Our filtering software is available under a permissive license.1
Optical molecular imaging detects changes in extracellular pH with the development of head and neck cancer

Noninvasive localized measurement of extracellular pH in cancer tissues can have a significant impact on the management of cancer. Despite its significance, there are limited approaches for rapid and noninvasive measurement of local pH in a clinical environment. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of noninvasive topical delivery of Alexa-647 labeled pHLIP (pH responsive peptide conjugated with Alexa Fluor(®) 647) to image changes in extracellular pH associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using widefield and high resolution imaging. We report a series of preclinical analyses to evaluate the optical contrast achieved after topical delivery of Alexa-647 labeled pHLIP in intact fresh human tissue specimens using widefield and high-resolution fluorescence imaging. Using topical delivery, Alexa-647 labeled pHLIP can be rapidly delivered throughout the epithelium of intact tissues with a depth exceeding 700 µm. Following labeling with Alexa-647 labeled pHLIP, the mean fluorescent contrast increased four to eight fold higher in clinically abnormal tissues as compared to paired clinically normal biopsies. Furthermore, the imaging approach showed significant differences in fluorescence contrast between the cancer and the normal biopsies across diverse patients and different anatomical sites (unpaired comparison). The fluorescence contrast differences between clinically abnormal and normal tissues were in agreement with the pathologic evaluation. Topical application of fluorescently labeled pHLIP can detect and differentiate normal from cancerous tissues using both widefield and high resolution imaging. This technology will provide an effective tool to assess tumor margins during surgery and improve detection and prognosis of head and neck cancer.
THE SYNTHESIS OF D,L‐PHOSPHOTRYPTOPHAN

Synthese a partir d'acetyl-1 indolecarbaldehyde-3 et de dimethoxyphosphoryl acetate de methyle
Faster maximum and minimum mean cycle algorithms for system-performance analysis

Maximum and minimum mean cycle problems are important problems with many applications in performance analysis of synchronous and asynchronous digital systems including rate analysis of embedded systems, in discrete-event systems, and in graph theory. Karp's algorithm is one of the fastest and most common algorithms for these problems. We present this paper mainly in the context of the maximum mean cycle problem. We show that Karp's algorithm processes more nodes and arcs than needed to find the maximum cycle mean of a digraph. This observation motivated us to propose a new graph-unfolding scheme that remedies this deficiency and leads to two faster algorithms with different characteristics. Theoretical analysis tells us that our algorithms always run faster than Karp's algorithm and that they are among the fastest to date. Experiments on small benchmark graphs confirm this fact for most of the graphs. These algorithms have been used in building a framework for analysis of timing constraints for embedded systems.
The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan

The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan. David N. Edwards. New York: Routledge, 2004. 348 pp.
Oxoammonium salts. Part 8: Oxidations in base: oxidation of O-1 unprotected monosaccharides to lactones using 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate☆

Abstract The oxidant, 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate in pyridine/CH 2 Cl 2 , is reported to be an excellent reagent for the conversion of hemiacetals to lactones. Specifically, the conversion of 1-O unprotected sugars to their corresponding aldonolactones is achieved in high yields. The basic reaction conditions partially overcome some disadvantages reported for oxoammonium-type oxidants, namely the inability to run the reaction in the presence of acid-labile groups and in the presence of β-oxygens.
Age differences in proactive interference, working memory, and abstract reasoning

It has been hypothesized that older adults are especially susceptible to proactive interference (PI), and that this may contribute to age differences in working memory performance. In young adults, individual differences in PI affect both working memory and reasoning ability, but the relations between PI, working memory, and reasoning in older adults have not been examined. In the current study, young, old, and very old adults performed a modified operation span task that induced several cycles of PI buildup and release, as well as two tests of abstract reasoning ability. Age differences in working memory scores increased as PI built up, consistent with the hypothesis that older adults are more susceptible to PI, but both young and older adults showed complete release from PI. Young adults' reasoning ability was best predicted by working memory performance under high-PI conditions, replicating Bunting (2006). In contrast, older adults' reasoning ability was best predicted by their working memory performance under low-PI conditions, thereby raising questions regarding the general role of susceptibility to PI in differences in higher cognitive function among older adults.
Age Group Differences in Positive and Negative Affect among Oldest-Old Adults: Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study:

Objectives.The developmental adaptation model (Martin & Martin, 2002) provides insights into how current experiences and resources (proximal variables) and past experiences (distal variables) are correlated with outcomes (e.g., well-being) in later life. Applying this model, the current study examined proximal and distal variables associated with positive and negative affect in oldest-old adults, investigating age differences.Methods.Data from 306 octogenarians and centenarians who participated in Phase III of the Georgia Centenarian Study were used. Proximal variables included physical functioning, cognitive functioning, self-rated health, number of chronic conditions, social resources, and perceived economic status; distal variables included education, social productive activities, management of personal assets, and other learning experiences. Analysis of variance and block-wise regression analyses were conducted.Results.Octogenarians showed significantly higher levels of positive emotion than centenari...
Five-year report of a multicenter controlled clinical trial of open versus endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms

Objective Compare long-term results of endovascular treatment and standard open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in a multicenter, concurrent-controlled trial. Methods 334 subjects were treated with standard open repair (control, n=99) or the original EXCLUDER Bifurcated Endoprosthesis (test, n=235). Five-year clinical evaluations and corelab radiographic results are analyzed. Results Overall and aneurysm-related survival are similar. There have been ten open conversions, most frequently for enlarging sacs without endoleak. Two patients died after conversion. Including reinterventions and complications of reinterventions as adverse events, there is significant, persistent long-term reduction in major adverse events. At 5 years, corelab reported 0% limb narrowing, 0% trunk migration, 0% component (contralateral leg, aortic extender, and iliac extender) migration, 0% fracture, endoleak in 3% (2 type II/68), and aneurysm growth (>5 mm compared to baseline) in 38% (30/78) of the test group. There are no aneurysm ruptures in either test or control group. Conclusions After 5 years follow-up, endovascular repair is a safer and effective treatment compared with open surgical repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Major adverse events are less frequent with the endograft despite the need for late reinterventions. Aneurysm expansion is observed in nearly two-fifths of patients but is not associated with endoleak or aneurysm rupture. Multicenter clinical trials are evaluating a newer version of this device designed to avoid this high rate of sac expansion.
Metaxymolgus longicauda (Claus), a copepod associated with the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis L.

Based on the morphology of the mandible, female maxilliped, and male first endopod, Lichomolgus longicauda (Claus) is transferred to Metaxymolgus Humes & Stock, 1972. M. longicauda is recorded for the first time from Sepia officinalis L. taken in British waters.
A Review of Family-Based Programs to Prevent Youth Violence Among Latinos:

At present, there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of family-based intervention programs to prevent violence or related behavior problems with Latino youth and families. Although progress has been made, a number of important issues remain. In this article, the authors review several of the more prominent interventions for Latino youth and families, highlighting how they were adapted to or developed for Latino culture. They begin by discussing cultural sensitivity and how it affects the design, implementation, and adaptation of youth violence prevention programs. Following this, the authors review and discuss programs adapted for Latino families followed by programs developed specifically for Latino families. They highlight four primary components of family-based programs that have been linked most frequently to prevention outcomes: (a) improving parental monitoring, (b) increasing family cohesion, (c) increasing networking across families, and (d) empowering families to access resources more effectively.
Dust and Ionized Gas in Nine Nearby Early-Type Galaxies Imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys*

We present V and I continuum images and Hα+[N II] maps of nine early-type galaxies observed with the Wide Field Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope. Dust and ionized gas are detected in all galaxies. The optical nebulae are primarily concentrated on the nuclei and extend out to radii of a few hundred parsecs in compact clumps, filaments, or disks. Two galaxies, NGC 6166 and NGC 6338, also possess diffuse, ionized filaments on kiloparsec scales. The ionized gas is entirely contained within the nuclear disks of ESO 208-G021, NGC 3078, and NGC 7720. In the radio-loud galaxy NGC 6166, emission-line filaments are detected along the radio lobes, possibly as a result of shock ionization. A wide range of ionized gas masses, Mg ≈ 7 × 102–3 × 106 M⊙, are calculated from the observed fluxes. Even in this small sample, the orientation of the ionized material correlates well with the major or minor axis of the galaxies, consistent with an external origin for the dust and gas.
Distribution of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in human brain: Alterations in dementia of the Alzheimer type

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that degrades acetylcholine, is a heterogeneous enzyme that can be separated into multiple molecular forms. A tetrameric membrane-bound form (G4) and a monomeric soluble form (G1) are the two predominant enzyme species in mammalian brain. The distribution of AChE molecular forms was defined by sucrose density gradients of 11 anatomical regions of postmortem brains from 10 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and 14 nondemented controls of similar ages. The results demonstrate an overall loss of protein and enzyme activity in all areas of the DAT brains studied and a selective loss of the G4 form of AChE in Brodmann areas 9, 10, 11, 21, 22, and 40, and the amygdala. There was no change in the G4/G1 ratio in areas 17 and 20, in the hippocampus, or in the cerebellum. There was a high regional correlation of the G4/G1 ratios with published values for choline acetyltransferase activity but lower correlation with total AChE activity. We propose that there is a predominant loss of the G4 form of AChE in DAT and that this loss is correlated with the degeneration of presynaptic elements.