cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Recovery Algorithm for Frequency-Domain Layered Finite Element Analysis of Large-Scale High-Frequency Integrated Circuits

A recovery algorithm is proposed for the frequency-domain layered finite element analysis of large-scale high-frequency integrated circuits. Given the solution in one layer, this algorithm can recover the solutions in other layers with single-layer computational complexity. Numerical and experimental results are given to demonstrate its validity.
3D inhomogeneous inversion for microwave imaging using distorted Born iterative method and BCG-FFT

Solving inverse scattering problem has many practical applications. For three dimensional problems, the computational complexity of model-based inversion algorithms has become a challenge. This paper addresses the computational efficiency in 3D microwave inversion by extending the idea of Chew and Liu (see IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.32, no.4, p.878, 1994) for 2D problems to 3D vector fields. The method proposed is based on a fast computation algorithm for 3D dielectric scattered field. This fast algorithm combines the biconjugate gradient method with fast Fourier transform (BCG-FFT). A weighted mean square residual combined with a Tikhonov regularization is used to measure the goodness of the reconstructed results and the optimal solution is searched iteratively using a conjugate gradient procedure. The computational complexity of the inverse process is analyzed. Some computer simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of this algorithm, especially when the number of illumination angles is limited.
Levels of Evidence in the Urological Literature

Purpose: The concept of levels of evidence is one of the guiding principles of evidence based clinical practice. It is based on the understanding that certain study designs are more likely to be affected by bias than others. We provide an assessment of the type and levels of evidence found in the urological literature.Materials and Methods: Three reviewers rated a random sample of 600 articles published in 4 major urology journals, including 300 each in 2000 and 2005. The level of evidence rating system was adapted from the Center of Evidence Based Medicine. Sample size was estimated to detect a relative increase in the proportion of studies that provided a high level of evidence (I and II combined) from 0.2 to 0.3 with 80% power.Results: Of the 600 studies reviewed 60.3% addressed questions of therapy or prevention, 11.5% addressed etiology/harm, 11.3% addressed prognosis and 9.2% addressed diagnosis. The levels of evidence provided by these studies from I to IV were 5.3%, 10.3%, 9.8% and 74.5%, respecti...
Relationship between drain volume/fill volume ratio and clinical outcomes associated with overfill complaints in peritoneal dialysis patients.

BackgroundTo better understand the spectrum of overfill reports and their corresponding clinical severity and etiology, we conducted a review of overfill reports from the Manufacturer and User Faci...
New VDMOS structure with Discontinuous Thick Inter-Body Oxide to reduce gate-to-drain charge

A new vertical power MOSFET (VDMOS) structure with a Discontinuous Thick Inter-Body Oxide (DTIBO) is presented and experimentally analyzed in this paper. The new structure substantially reduces the Qgd∗sRon figure-of-merit without excessive BVds penalization with respect to the conventional VDMOS. Moreover, the undesired hot-carried injection (HCI) effects are also assessed.
A CLNP-based protocol for mobile end systems within an area

A protocol for supporting mobile end systems (ESs) that move within an area in a connectionless-mode network protocol (CLNP) environment is proposed. Traffic caused by control protocol data units under frequent ES migration can be reduced by separating the roles of intermediate systems (ISs) into two roles: (1) generating and propagating the information of the default location of an ES, and (2) communicating directly to the ES and notifying the IS performing the role (1) of the current location of the ES. In addition, ISs may use a new caching mechanism for efficiency. This protocol has the following advantages: First, there is no need for mobile ESs to be changed. Second, ISs implementing this protocol can coexist with the conventional ISs. Third, it does not require any change to the areas which do not have mobile ESs, so it is easy to apply to the existing networks. >
Wild‐type murine p53 represses transcription from the murine c‐myc promoter in a human glial cell line

Here we analyzed the effect of the suppressor proto-oncogene p53 on transcription from the P2 promoter of the murine c-myc gene. c-myc promoter constructs were coupled to the chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) gene and were transiently transfected into a human glial cell along with plasmids overexpressing wild-type or mutant p53. It was found that significant repression of c-myc transcription took place following cotransfection with wild-type but not mutant p53. However wild-type p53 did not suppress transcription from the SV40 early promoter or from the MHC promoter. Promoter-CAT constructs containing only the ME1a2 or E2F elements, from the P2 promoter, were repressed by p53, indicating that p53 may exert its effect at these two sites within the P2 promoter. Finally, when the SV40 T antigen and wild-type p53 were expressed together in glial cells the repressive effect of p53 was abolished.
Scale-Free Memory to Swiftly Generate Fuzzy Future Predictions

A flexible access to how the current state of memory would evolve into the future is extremely valuable in predicting events to occur in distant future. We propose a neural mechanism to non-destructively translate the current state of temporal memory into the future, so as to construct a timeline of future predictions. In a two-layer memory network that encodes the Laplace transform of the past, time-translation can be accomplished by modulating the weights between the layers. Computationally, such a network appears to be extremely resource-conserving, and could prove useful in AI systems. We hypothesize that such a mechanism is neurally realistic in the sense that the brain performs it. We propose that within each cycle of hippocampal theta oscillations, the memory state is swept through a range of time-translations to yield a future timeline of predictions. A physical constraint requiring coherence in time-translation across memory nodes results in a Weber-Fechner spacing for the representation of both past (memory) and future (prediction) timelines.
Anaphylaxis in guinea pig: improbability of release of serotonin in the Schultz-Dale reaction.

Summary1. The Schultz-Dale reaction in egg white or BSA sensitized guinea pig uterus or ileum persisted in the presence of serotonin antagonists LSD and BOL. 2. Anaphylactic contraction of these tissues could be partially or completely blocked with varying concentrations of yohimbine, gramine and bufotenine, but the reaction to histamine was affected similarly. 3. It was impossible to demonstrate the release of serotonin from sensitized guinea pig lung, uterus or ileum in the presence of highly serotonin sensitive mouse uterus. 4. Persisting anaphylactic contraction of histamine-poisoned guinea pig uterus was not diminished in the presence of BOL or LSD.
Health Services for the Health Educator

The concepts of access to health care services, utilization of health care services, managed care of health services, ethics of health services, health services cost containment, and sustained or i...
Cost Effectiveness Optimization of Component Improvements of a Turbofan Engine Using Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, we examined an imaginary underperforming prototype of a real high bypass-ratio turbofan gas turbine engine that has been assembled to specifications. The prototype was designed and assembled to generate a predetermined value of specific thrust while consuming fuel at a predefined specific fuel consumption value. To meet the required performance targets, improvements needed to be made to one or more of the engine components. In most real world scenarios, the improvement of any or all engine parameters pertaining to its performance is tied to a cost per percentages of improvements of individual component in the engine. There is always a narrow room for improvement in each or all of the components. However, the improvements come with high costs, since the engine has been designed in an efficient way to begin with. The cost of improvement of each component is indexed by a dollar cost per percent value of the component performance characteristics. It is of technical and economic importance to find a combination of performance improvements of each of the components that yields the lowest overall rework cost, thereby the total design cost, given the specified engine performance criteria. To achieve this goal, simulations for a real gas turbine turbofan cycle are performed in conjunction with the genetic algorithm (GA). A single objective (i.e. total improvement cost) GA with two constraints (i.e. desired values of specific thrust and specific fuel consumption) and eight degrees of freedom (i.e. diffuser pressure ratio, fan polytropic efficiency, compressor polytropic efficiency, burner efficiency, burner pressure drop ratio, turbine polytropic efficiency, fan duct exit nozzle pressure ratio, core duct exit nozzle pressure ratio) is employed. As a result, we have found the lowest overall cost associated with the improvements for each of the components.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Boosted Polysaccharide-Specific IgG Responses Following Secondary Challenge with Intact Gram-Negative versus Gram-Positive Extracellular Bacteria.

Priming of mice with intact, heat-killed cells of Gram-negative Neisseria meningitidis , capsular serogroup C (MenC) or Gram-positive group B Streptococcus , capsular type III (GBS-III) bacteria resulted in augmented serum polysaccharide (PS)-specific IgG titers following booster immunization. Induction of memory required CD4 + T cells during primary immunization. We determined whether PS-specific memory for IgG production was contained within the B cell and/or T cell populations, and whether augmented IgG responses following booster immunization were also dependent on CD4 + T cells. Adoptive transfer of purified B cells from MenC- or GBS-III–primed, but not naive mice resulted in augmented PS-specific IgG responses following booster immunization. Similar responses were observed when cotransferred CD4 + T cells were from primed or naive mice. Similarly, primary immunization with unencapsulated MenC or GBS-III, to potentially prime CD4 + T cells, failed to enhance PS-specific IgG responses following booster immunization with their encapsulated isogenic partners. Furthermore, in contrast to GBS-III, depletion of CD4 + T cells during secondary immunization with MenC or another Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii , did not inhibit augmented PS-specific IgG booster responses of mice primed with heat-killed cells. Also, in contrast with GBS-III, booster immunization of MenC-primed mice with isolated MenC-PS, a TI Ag, or a conjugate of MenC-PS and tetanus toxoid elicited an augmented PS-specific IgG response similar to booster immunization with intact MenC. These data demonstrate that memory for augmented PS-specific IgG booster responses to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is contained solely within the B cell compartment, with a differential requirement for CD4 + T cells for augmented IgG responses following booster immunization.
Timeline of blood pressure changes after intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke based on recanalization status.

Background There is sparse literature on the natural history of blood pressure (BP) after intra-arterial therapy (IAT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of patients with AIS who underwent IAT without endotracheal intubation for internal carotid artery terminus (ICA-T) or M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion from January 2008 to February 2012. Systolic BP (SBP) values at the beginning (First) and end (End) of IAT and for 36 h after the procedure were collected. Successful recanalization was defined as Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b–3. Results Sixty-two patients (14 (22.5%) ICA-T, 46 (74.2%) M1, 2 (3.2%) ICA-T+M1) met the study criteria and 37 (59.7%) achieved successful recanalization. The First and End SBP values were similar in the successful (Group R) and unsuccessful (Group NR) recanalization groups. Taking the whole cohort, End SBP was significantly lower than First SBP, but this decline was significant only in Group R. Subsequently, absolute SBP values in Group R were not significantly different from Group NR. However, when comparing the hourly decline of SBP with First SBP, Group R demonstrated a greater fall than Group NR and the decline was significantly different from hours 8 to 12 post-procedure. The SBP in Group NR then decreased further, and its difference from baseline was similar to Group R from hour 14 onwards. Mean SBP and SBP variability over 36 h were similar between the two groups. Conclusions SBP falls significantly in patients with AIS with large vessel occlusion who recanalize with IAT. While SBP in non-recanalized patients also drops from baseline, it occurs to a lesser degree and stays higher only for a short period of time before falling to similar levels as in recanalized patients.
Analysis on usage of Chinese patent medicines in outpatient and emergency of Tianjin Children's Hospital in 2012

Objective To analyze the utilization of Chinese patent medicines in Tianjin Children's Hospital,in order to improve the level of rational use of Chinese patent medicines to guarantee children's safety.Methods Species,dosage forms,and drug varieties of Chinese patent medicines from January 2012 to December 2012 were analyzed,retrospectively.Results The most Chinese patent medicines are oral liquid and granule,which facilitate children to use.The most kinds of Chinese patent medicines are anti-asthmatic,clearing drug,and relieving superficies.The usage of Chinese patent medicines in internal medicine is accounting for 50%.The drugs instructions with marked dosage in ages accounts for 53%.Conclusion Chinese patent medicines in Tianjin Children's Hospital are used reasonably,but there are still some problems which need to cause the attention of pediatricians.
Bone and joint changes in hemophilia; with report of cases of so-called hemophilic pseudotumor.

On the basis of the cases reported, it would seem reasonable to conclude that these pseudotumors may arise, first, from hemorrhages originating in the joint, extending along the bone to produce pressure erosion; second, from subperiosteal hemorrhages, which may at first lead to formation of new bone and later to absorption and destruction of bone; and third, from cortical or medullary hemorrhage, which may lead to cystic changes and later may destroy the bone or lead to fracture and further hemorrhage. It is difficult in any one case to state accurately which route was followed. On the other hand, it seems important to be able to recognize the condition early enough so that the destructive changes may be kept under control.
Drug-Induced Acneiform Eruptions

Acne vulgaris is a polymorphic inflammatory skin disease, clinically characterized by mixture of comedones, superficial and deep inflamed papules, pustules, and nodules. It is a chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. Acneiform drug eruptions are a monomorphic inflammatory skin disease lacking comedones with lesions typically in the same stage. This type of drug eruption has an abrupt onset and is often associated with various medications (Table 54.1). The pathogenesis of acneiform drug eruptions is poorly understood; documented evidence when available will be presented under the specific drug categories in this chapter.
Total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients

Malnutrition is common in the hospitalized surgical patient. There is a strong association between improved nutritional status and a favorable postoperative recovery, while malnutrition has an adverse effect on surgical outcome (Driscoll & Blackburn, 1990; Souba, 1997). Advances in providing parenteral nutrition have had a positive impact on nutrition care of these patients and will be reviewed in this article.
TMIC-09GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELL-DERIVED EXOSOMES PROMOTE M2 POLARIZATION OF HUMAN MONOCYTES

INTRODUCTION: Exosomes secreted by cancer cells have pleiotropic functions, and can promote autocrine signaling to distant cells. Elucidating the mechanistic modulation of the immune system by these exosomes provides insight into potential biomarkers for detection, recurrence, and response, and identifies potential new therapeutic targets. METHODS: Exosomes were isolated from human glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) and fibroblasts (control) using differential centrifugation. Fluorescent-labeled exosomes were co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy methods were utilized to determine the ability of immune cells to uptake exosomes and to evaluate subsequent intracellular trafficking. The exosomal protein and RNA content was analyzed by mass spectrometry and Nanostring Counter System, respectively. The phenotypic and functional skewing of the monocyte lineage was analyzed after exposing these cells to exosomes. The cytokine array was used to analyze the cytokines generated following treatment of human normal monocytes with exosomes. RESULTS: The GSC-secreted exosomes were preferentially absorbed by CD14+ monocytes and Gr-1+ derived myeloid cells isolated from healthy volunteers and/or glioblastoma patients. When activated, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells could also uptake GSC-secreted exosomes. Confocal microscopy revealed that only monocytes could internalize GSC-secreted exosomes but not fibroblast-secreted exosomes. The exposure to GSC-secreted exosomes induces a phenotypic change in monocytes and prevents them from undergoing apoptosis. GSC-secreted exosomes, but not the fibroblast-secreted exosomes, increased expression of CD163, CD206, and decreased expression of MHC class II. Monocytes treated with GSC-secreted exosomes release IL-6, IL-1RA, CCL3, and CCL4 when compared to cells exposed to fibroblast exosomes. GSC-secreted exosomes contained distinct protein composition in contrast to fibroblast-secreted exosomes that may affect the anti-tumor function of monocyte-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: Monocytes demonstrated a preferential uptake of GSC-secreted exosomes which then induced a glioma-supportive M2 phenotype. GSC-secreted exosomes can be a contributing factor in the M2 skewing within glioma microenvironment.
Exploitation of HART Wired Signal Distinct Native Attribute (WS-DNA) Features to Verify Field Device Identity and Infer Operating State

Infusion of Information Technology (IT) into Industrial Control System (ICS) applications has increased Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) challenges. A layered security strategy is addressed that exploits Physical (PHY) features to verify field device identity and infer normal-anomalous operating state using Distinct Native Attribute (DNA) features. The goal is inferential confirmation that Human Machine Interface (HMI) indicated conditions match the system’s true physical state. Feasibility is shown using Wired Signal DNA (WS-DNA) from Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) enabled field devices. Results are based on experiments using an instrumented Process Control System (PCS) with smart field devices communicating via wired HART. Results are presented for two field devices operating at two different set-points and suggest that the WS-DNA technical approach is promising for inferring device physical state.
Handke: Short Pieces and ‘Kaspar’

Handke once disparagingly described the conventional theatre as ‘geometrically this right angled relationship, in which people on the stage speak to one another, while others look at them’. His first plays challenge that relationship. Offending The Audience (1966), in a tradition stemming at least from the Dadaist movement, has performers directing their gaze squarely at the audience. ‘We form a unit,’ they assert at the beginning of the script, then descend to provocative audience abuse: ‘You were born actors. Play acting was in your blood, you butchers, you buggers, you bullshitters, you bullies, you rabbits, you fuck-offs, you farts.’ Implicitly the point seems to have been to push some members of the audience to the limits of endurance, to break down the fourth wall, or at least to chip away at the brickwork. Handke responded to what he considered overly jaunty early productions and to the occasional rowdy audience reaction by withdrawing performance rights for Offending The Audience and explaining in his published collected plays (1972) that his real intention was to encourage audiences to meditate on the ideas of ‘language’ and ‘theatre’.
Optical Linewidth Measurements on Photomasks and Wafers

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the origins of systematic errors in optical linewidth-measurement systems. It discusses the advances in modeling the linewidth-measurement process, including imaging in the optical microscope, a primary linewidth-measurement system in use at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The photomultiplier system is referred to as an optical image-scanning system, whereas a semiautomatic TV-microscope system, which determines linewidth from analysis of the video image profile, is referred to as a video image-scanning system. The accuracy of optical imaging methods is dependent upon the characteristics of the optical image formed by the microscope and is affected by diffraction and aberrations in the optical system as well as the partial coherence of the illumination. To determine linewidth to accuracy better than this, one must use an optical threshold that corresponds to the true line edge location. The threshold used for edge detection varies considerably with the type of measuring instrument used. In summary, optical image-scanning linewidth-measurement systems are found less frequently in production environments than image-shearing systems.
Empyema and Cavitation After Dental Procedure

Thoracic complications following oropharyngeal procedures have been reported in medical literature. Aspiration of foreign bodies and gastric contents, upper airway obstruction, bacterial endocarditis, descending necrotizing mediastinitis, Lemierre syndrome, and pneumomediastinum are among the most commonly reported. In this case report, we present a 67-year-old Caucasian male without significant comorbidities found to have a left lower lobe empyema and a right upper lobe cavitary lesion after having a tooth extraction 4 months prior. The organisms found within the lesions are normal constituents of the oral flora. In patients presenting with intrathoracic symptoms within the context of recent dental procedures, the clinician should be aware of procedure-related complications that although uncommon could be life-threatening. J Med Cases. 2016;7(11):512-514 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2683w
Shareholder rights and share capital: the effect of the 1901 Russian Corporation Reform, 1890–1905

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, western European countries introduced general incorporation and additional flexible enterprise forms, but the Russian Empire left its concession system of incorporation in place. The Empire’s only major corporation reform, the 1901 law, strengthened minority shareholder rights and removed bankers from boards of directors for certain corporations. The reform offers a rare opportunity to examine the financial effects of improving corporations’ principal–agent relationships through regulation, because the reform did not affect all corporations equally. Corporations affected by the reform had smaller total share capital, fewer shares, and higher par values for shares as observed in 1905. The new regulations may have increased the cost of having shareholders and hence disciplined corporations’ founders to be more conservative in raising capital by issuing stock. Removing bankers from boards of directors may have removed an important source of firms’ founding capital, though corporations could easily evade this provision. The results also show that, although the commercial code treated all corporations equally, there were two major groups of Russian corporations that behaved differently, and, despite the fact that corporate charters could grant individual exceptions to the commercial code, a revision in the commercial code changed corporations’ behaviour.
Metabolic Impact of Rapamycin (Sirolimus) and B-Estradiol Using Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts as a Model for Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive cystic lung disease that predominantly affects women of childbearing age. Exogenous rapamycin (sirolimus) has been shown to improve clinical outcomes and was recently approved to treat LAM, whereas estrogen (E2) is implicated in disease progression. No consistent metabolic model currently exists for LAM, therefore wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF +/+) and TSC2 knockout cells (MEF −/−) were used in this study as a model for LAM. Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and redox potential were measured to determine metabolic state across control cells, MEF +/+ and −/− cells treated with rapamycin (Rapa), and MEF +/+ and −/− cells treated with E2. An XF96 extracellular flux analyzer from Seahorse Bioscience® was used to measure OCR, and a RedoxSYS™ ORP was used to measure redox potential. OCR of MEF −/− cells treated with rapamycin (MEF −/− Rapa) versus MEF −/− control were significantly lower across all conditions. The static oxidation reduction potential of the MEF −/− Rapa group was also lower, approaching significance. The coupling efficiency and ratio of ATP-linked respiration to maximum respiration were statistically lower in MEF −/− Rapa compared to MEF +/+ Rapa. There were no significant metabolic findings across any of the MEF cells treated with E2. MEF −/− control cells versus MEF +/+ control cells were not found to significantly differ. MEF cells are thought to be a feasible metabolic model for LAM, which has implications for future pharmacologic and biologic testing.
Produktion von Methanol und Ethanol aus Methan in einem einzigen Reaktor mit einem Nickeloxid auf Ceroxid-Zirconiumoxid-Katalysator

Die Umwandlung von Methan in Alkohole unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen ist eine vielversprechende Technologie fur die Nutzung abgelegener Methanvorkommen. Die flussigen Alkohole konnen in Pipelines transportiert und zu wertvolleren Chemikalien weiterverarbeitet werden. Hier wird gezeigt, dass ein Katalysator aus Nickeloxidpartikeln auf einen Ceroxid-Zirconiumoxid-Trager (NiO/CZ) Methan in einem einzigen, kontinuierlich betriebenen Reaktor zu Methanol und Ethanol umwandeln kann. Die Reaktion geschieht bei milden Temperaturen (723 K) mit O2 als Oxidationsmittel. Die Produktion von Alkoholen erfordert die Gegenwart von Wasserdampf, um die vollstandige Oxidation zu CO2 zu unterdrucken. Die Synergie zwischen Lewis-aciden NiO-Partikeln und dem redoxaktiven Ceroxid-Zirconiumoxid-Trager ermoglicht die ungewohnliche Reaktivitat dieses Katalysators.
Evaluating the genetic susceptibility to peer reported bullying behaviors

Bullying is a significant public health concern with lasting impacts on youth. Although environmental risk factors for bullying have been well-characterized, genetic influences on bullying are not well understood. This study explored the role of genetics on early childhood bullying behavior. Participants were 561 children who participated in a longitudinal randomized control trial of a preventive intervention beginning in first grade who were present for the first grade peer nominations used to measure early childhood bullying and who provided genetic data during the age 19-21 year follow-up in the form of blood or saliva. Measures included a polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from a conduct disorder genome wide association study. Latent profile analysis identified three profiles of bullying behaviors during early childhood. Results suggest that the PRS was significantly associated with class membership, with individuals in the moderate bully-victim profile having the highest levels of the PRS and those in the high bully-victim profile having the lowest levels. This line of research has important implications for understanding genetic vulnerability to bullying in early childhood.
Retrospective Study of Histomoniasis (Blackhead) in California Turkey Flocks, 2000-2014.

SUMMARY The flagellate parasite Histomonas meleagridis causes a severe disease in turkeys. Since nitarsone, the last antiflagellate feed additive, was withdrawn from the market, H. meleagridis has gained increasing clinical and economic importance, and frequently entire turkey flocks are lost to the disease. Even before the antiflagellate market withdrawal, H. meleagridis has been recognized as a noteworthy disease in commercial turkeys. The aim of this study was to compile and analyze data on histomoniasis outbreaks diagnosed by the California Animal Health and Food Safety System in the years 2000 through 2014 while nitarsone was still available. Sixty-two cases were included in the study. In all cases, the parasite was detected by histopathology. Five cases were from breeder flocks, 44 from commercial meat turkey flocks, and 13 from other flocks such as backyard flocks or pet turkeys. There were between one and eight cases each year with no clear trend over time. Most cases occurred in the warmer months...
Statement Making: A Maker Fashion Show Foregrounding Feminism, Gender, and Transdisciplinarity

Maker culture has been increasingly pervasive in a variety of communities and contexts, in particular devoted spaces such as Makerspaces, Hackerspaces and Fab Labs. Several people, however, have pointed out that while one of the values of these spaces is radical inclusion, the general Maker culture can be exclusive to some based on gender, race, and socioeconomic status. With the goal of disrupting existing Maker culture by developing, diversifying, and empowering our own university Maker community, we created a semi-structured making experience that we call Statement Making. Statement Making is a Maker Fashion show that we invited anyone from the community to participate in by "making a statement" for them or a friend to wear in a runway show. We report outcomes and experiences of those who participated. We then discuss the key aspects of the event, especially surrounding its performative aspect, using design principles of Feminist HCI to argue that events with similar aspects might also be successful at disrupting existing culture.
How Marriage Markets Affect Allocation and Valuation of Time Implications from a Macro Model

What does the existence of WiHo (Work-In-Household) markets imply for the analysis of time allocation and value of time? In line with Chap. 2 the analysis is simplified by assuming just one type of man and one type of woman. Whether individuals work in household production benefiting their spouse (as WiHo-workers) or supply such work (as WiHo-users) will affect their labor supply. Integrating WiHo markets into the analysis of labor supply also influences how income (own and partner’s) affects how much people participate in the labor force, their hours of work, and their occupation. The model also leads to wage effects that differ from standard wage elasticities of labor supply and to a prediction typically overlooked in labor economics: sex ratios in marriage markets will influence labor supply and value of time. Even though the models of Chaps. 2 and 3 were rooted in Gary Becker’s theory of marriage, this chapter and the following ones diverge from Becker’s analyses in that they consider married individuals as separate decision-makers with different vested interests, depending on whether they are WiHo-workers or WiHo-users. An implication of the model for the valuation of time spent in home production (including childcare) is that value of time is not likely to depend much on whether individuals are in the labor force or not, in contrast to Robert Willis’ well-known conclusion that took account of household production but viewed households as integrated units.
Successful treatment of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with intravenous immunoglobulin.

Background Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare chronic disorder characterized by firm yellow to red-orange nodules and plaques affecting the face, abdomen, and extremities with the potential for systemic involvement. NXG has a close association with monoclonal gammopathies, and there is a predilection for the development of multiple myeloma. Treatment options are varied due to inconsistent results seen with the use of corticosteroids, immunomodulators, chemotherapeutic agents, and antibiotics. Objective We describe a patient with smoldering multiple myeloma associated with progressive NXG successfully treated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Conclusion Our case adds to the single previous report of two cases of NXG with significant improvement from treatment with IVIG and confirms the efficacy of this treatment modality.
Qualitative Research in Gerontology and Geriatrics

What makes qualitative research a unique approach is its ability to create in-depth knowledge about the topic under study. In this chapter, we first discuss qualitative research methods in general. Several approaches exist to conduct qualitative research and we examine how these methods can be used to study issues that affect older adults, highlighting the relative strengths and weaknesses of these methods. We present and discuss several data collection strategies: observation, in depth interviews, focal discussion groups, diaries and other registries. We also provide a few ideas on how to overcome typical challenges faced when using qualitative methods to study issues that affect older adults.
What’s In It For Me? Perceived Organizational Support, Behavioral Integrity, And Manager Performance

This research considers that middle manager perceptions of organizational support (POS) enhance their behavioral word-action consistency as perceived by subordinates (behavioral integrity or BI), w...
VIpower: Simulation-based tool for estimating power of viral integration detection via high-throughput sequencing

Abstract Viral sequence integrations in the human genome have been implicated in various human diseases. Viral integrations remain among the most challenging-to-detect structural changes of the human genome. No studies have systematically analyzed how molecular and bioinformatics factors affect the power (sensitivity) to detect viral integrations using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). We selected a wide-range of molecular and bioinformatics factors covering genome sequence characteristics, HTS features, and viral integration detection. We designed a fast simulation-based framework to model the process of detecting variable viral integration events in the human genome. We then examined the associations of selected factors with viral integration detection power. We identified six factors that significantly affected viral integration detection power ( P
Offensive realism, thucydides traps, and the tragedy of unforced errors: classical realism and US–China relations

The emergence of China as a great power, and its implications for International Relations, especially with regard its relations with the United States and the prospects for conflict between the two powers, is one of the most pressing problems in world politics. Unfortunately, two of the most prominent contributions, which have gained widespread attention and popularity—Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap? by Graham Allison, and John Mearsheimer’s The Tragedy of Great Power Politics—are fundamentally flawed in their analytical approach and dangerous in their policy advice. In this paper I will review the problematic aspects of these influential arguments, and argue that a perspective grounded in classical realism, more closely associated with the work of Robert Gilpin, offers a more productive approach to understanding this enormous challenge.
Implementation Strategies to Increase PrEP Uptake in the South.

Seven years after TDF/FTC was approved for pre-exposure prophylaxis to reduce risks of HIV infection, there have been large increases in the number of persons using PrEP in the USA. However, recent data on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use at the state level indicate that people living in the Southern United States are underserved by PrEP relative to their epidemic need. We sought to review possible reasons for inequitable uptake of PrEP in the South and identify implementation approaches to increase PrEP uptake in the South. Published literature, data on the locations of PrEP service providers, recent data on PrEP utilization from pharmacy prescription databases, HIV surveillance data and government data on healthcare providers, and health literacy indicate a confluence of factors in the South that are likely limiting PrEP uptake. A variety of approaches are needed to address the complex challenges to PrEP implementation in the South. These include considering alternative PrEP provision strategies (e.g., pharmacy-based PrEP, telemedicine-delivered PrEP), conducting gain-based stigma-reduction campaigns, increasing capacity for reimbursement for PrEP medications and services through policy change to expand Medicaid and to preserve access to Affordable Care Act–compliant health plans, expanding STI screening programs and improving integration of PrEP offering with delivery of positive STI results, using mHealth tools to screen groups at highest risk for HIV (e.g., men who have sex with men) periodically to increase correct perception of risk, and streamlining clinical procedures to allow same-day PrEP starts for patients without obvious medical contraindications. Overcoming the structural, capacity, and policy challenges to increasing PrEP uptake in the South will require innovations in clinical approaches, leveraging technologies, and policy changes. The South has unique challenges to achieving equitable PrEP uptake, and addressing key barriers to expanded PrEP use will require multisectoral responses.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity by Light or Thermal Treatment and Lauric Arginate: Membrane Damage and Oxidative Stress

The need for more effective antimicrobials is critical for the food industry to improve food safety and reduce spoilage of minimally processed foods. The present study was initiated to develop an efficient and novel antimicrobial approach which combines physical treatments (UV-A or mild heat) and generally recognized as safe lauroyl arginate ethyl (LAE) to inactivate surrogate strains, including Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua Synergistic inactivation of bacteria resulted in an ∼6-log reduction of target bacteria, while individual treatments resulted in 5-log reduction. Further mechanistic study revealed that oxidative stress is responsible for synergistic inactivation between LAE and UV-A, while both membrane damage and oxidative stress are responsible for the synergistic combination between LAE and mild heat. The mode of action of LAE was further compared to that of polymyxin B and analyzed using artificial membrane model systems and the addition of antioxidants. The proposed combination of LAE and common physical treatments may improve food preservation, food safety, and current sanitation processes for the food industry and the inactivation of pathogenic strains in biomedical environments.
Cuffed pediatric endotracheal tubes-Outer cuff diameters compared to age-related airway dimensions.

BACKGROUND Reliable sealing of the pediatric airway requires appropriately sized tracheal tube cuffs. The aim of this study was to compare residual cuff diameters of pediatric tracheal tubes with pediatric airway dimensions. METHODS Cuff diameters of five different brands of locally marketed pediatric cuffed tracheal tubes with internal diameters of 3.0-7.0 mm were measured at a cuff pressure of 20 cm H$_{2}$ O and compared with cuff diameters indicated by their manufacturers. The latter values were compared to tracheal dimensions using the Motoyama and Khine formulas for cuffed tracheal tube size selection. RESULTS There is considerable heterogeneity in cuff diameters among pediatric tracheal tube brands, except for two brands from different manufacturers (Halyard and Parker Medical) which were identically designed. Cuffs made from polyurethane revealed fewer differences (91%-118%) between measured and manufacturer-indicated values for outer cuff diameters than did those made from polyvinylchloride (91%-146%). Particularly in smaller sized tracheal tubes, cuffs did not reach 100% of the tracheal lateral diameter, while others were oversized in larger tracheal tubes, independent of the two formulas used for cuffed tracheal tube size selection. Cuff diameters indicated by the manufacturer corresponded to 86%-188% of the median and 68%-157% of the maximum mid-tracheal lateral diameter of the corresponding upper age range. CONCLUSION Our findings show that many of the cuff diameters of currently marketed tracheal tube brands lack an age-related anatomical rationale. A proposal for age-related anatomically based cuff diameters is provided for both recommendations for cuffed tracheal tube size selection in children.
Septal swell body treatment by transmucosal, incisionless radiofrequency reduction

The septal swell body (SSB), variously referred to as the nasal septal turbinate or nasal SSB, is a mucosal substructure of the anterosuperior nasal septum. The SSB plays a putative role in nasal airway physiology, nasal airway obstruction (NAO), and related rhinologic conditions. Historically, little attention has been paid to surgical treatment of the SSB. The purpose of this report is to describe an incisionless, transmucosal, radiofrequency (RF) ablative technique for the SSB. This straightforward procedure can be performed in the outpatient clinic using topical anesthesia and rigid nasal endoscopy with a commercially available RF treatment device. Videoendoscopy from a representative case example is provided, and the transmucosal, incisionless SSB RF reduction technique is described.
Binding of 3H-insulin to cultured human lymphocytes: Further Evidence for Heterogeneity of Insulin Receptors or Negative Cooperativity

Abstract Insulin was tritiated by exposure to tritium gas activated by microwave radiation. 3 H-insulin competed with 125 I-insulin for binding to cultured human lymphocytes and to anti-insulin antibody to the same extent as did native insulin. The affinity constant for the binding of 3 H-insulin to specific receptors on cultured human lymphocytes was 0.48 × 10 9 M −1 (SD-0.06). The affinity constant for the binding of 125 I-insulin was 0.57 × 10 9 M −1 (SD=0.23). As was the case with 125 I-insulin, the Scatchard plot of the binding of 3 H-insulin to human lymphocytes was curvilinear, suggesting the presence of a heterogeneous population of receptors, or of a homogeneous population of receptors that exhibit negative cooperativity. The similarity observed between 3 H-insulin and 125 I-insulin helps refute the argument that distortion of the insulin molecule caused by introduction of an iodine atom may interfere with its binding to insulin receptors.
Analysis of a Parameter-Based Computational Model of Long-Term Declarative Episodic Memory

While substantial progress has been made to understand the functioning of the human brain from a computational perspective, little progress has been made in the area of memory storage and recall. This study develops a parameter-based computational model of long-term declarative episodic memory to extend Rosenblatt's proposed clock-system memory model by using deep learning networks with a novel one-shot learning algorithm. Experiments were conducted using the MNIST, CFAR100, Fashion MNIST, and A-Z datasets to show that the memory model can recall lifetime sequences of input images.
Static permittivity of environmentally relevant low-concentration aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4.

In this paper, the result of a systematic study and molecular mechanisms governing the dielectric spectra of aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4 with environmentally relevant concentrations (∼mmol/l) are presented, for frequencies from 200 MHz up to 20 GHz and at temperature 25.00 ± 0.01 °C. The measured spectra were fitted with a Debye relaxation model using a non-linear, weighted, least-squares analysis. Conductivity was measured independently to reduce uncertainty in obtaining other parameters by spectral fitting. Careful experimentation provided dielectric data of sufficiently low uncertainty to enable observation of polarization mechanisms that emerge only in the low-concentration regime. The data were fitted by a concentration-dependent parametric model that includes terms accounting for internal depolarizing fields and the solvent dilution effect (mixture relation), the kinetic depolarization effect, the dielectric saturation effect, and the Debye–Falkenhagen effect that accounts for the contribution of ionic atmosphere polarization. It has been shown that, in NaCl and NaNO3 solutions at sufficiently low concentrations, the static permittivity increases due to the Debye–Falkenhagen effect. It has also been shown that, to calculate the number of irrotationally bound water molecules ZIB, the measured static permittivity values should be corrected to account for the contributions of kinetic depolarization and Debye–Falkenhagen effects. Otherwise, unrealistic values of ZIB are obtained. An explanation for the different strengths of the Debye–Falkenhagen effect observed for the different electrolyte solutions, essentially due to the electrophoretic effect and coordination number, is also presented.
Minimally Invasive Lateral Paraorbital Approach for Repairing Lateral Recess of the Sphenoid Sinus Spinal Fluid Leak.

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus (LRSS) are typically spontaneous in nature and require surgical repair. Endoscopic endonasal approaches have become the mainstay of CSF leak repair in the LRSS, though they remain technically challenging and place the vidian nerve (VN) and sphenopalatine artery (SPA) at risk. Here we present a lateral paraorbital approach (LPOA) as a minimally invasive transcranial VN and SPA sparing alternative for LRSS CSF leak repairs. Case Description A 41-year-old African American woman presented with headaches and was found to have a spontaneous CSF leak in the LRSS. A LPOA was used to repair the CSF leak. An incision was made along the frontal process of zygoma (FPZ). Removal of the overhanging portion of the FPZ while sparing the lateral orbital rim and retraction of the temporalis muscle allowed for a tangential approach to the LRSS. A small encephalocele was seen and resected; the defect was identified and repaired with onlay DuraGen (Integra LifeSciences, Princeton, NJ) and Dura Repair (J&J Medical Devices, New Brunswick, NJ). There were no postoperative complications or recurrence of CSF leak. Conclusions The LPOA can be a useful alternative approach to the LRSS for CSF leak repair. The lateral-to-medial approach to defects in this area provides a shorter working distance while avoiding critical neurovascular structures.
The hard talk: Dealing with the disruptive physician

Abstract Disruptive physician behavior, defined by the American Medical Association, is ‘personal conduct, verbal, or physical that has the potential to negatively affect patient care or the ability to work with other members of the healthcare team’ (American Medical Association, 2008). This type of behavior can undermine a culture of safety, foster medical errors, contribute to preventable adverse outcomes, increase the cost of care, and cause qualified staff to leave institutions. This review will discuss the scope of the problem, contributing factors, and strategies for prevention and addressing this type of unprofessional behavior.