cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Elusive Quarry: A Response to the Roundtable “Exploring International Law,” by Charlotte Ku, Paul F. Diehl, Beth A. Simmons, Dorinda G. Dallmeyer, and Harold K. Jacobson

In a similar vein, we might ask the participants in the roundtable, "What are you talking about?" "We're talking about international law." "Which is what, exactly?" "You'll know when we get done." And with the utter confidence of the little girl drawing God, they make repeated references to international law as if it were a discrete, palpable object, the features of which-unlike those of God-are known to everyone.
Effects of spatial coherence in diffraction phase microscopy

Quantitative phase imaging systems using white light illumination can exhibit lower noise figures than laser-based systems. However, they can also suffer from object-dependent artifacts, such as halos, which prevent accurate reconstruction of the surface topography. In this work, we show that white light diffraction phase microscopy using a standard halogen lamp can produce accurate height maps of even the most challenging structures provided that there is proper spatial filtering at: 1) the condenser to ensure adequate spatial coherence and 2) the output Fourier plane to produce a uniform reference beam. We explain that these object-dependent artifacts are a high-pass filtering phenomenon, establish design guidelines to reduce the artifacts, and then apply these guidelines to eliminate the halo effect. Since a spatially incoherent source requires significant spatial filtering, the irradiance is lower and proportionally longer exposure times are needed. To circumvent this tradeoff, we demonstrate that a supercontinuum laser, due to its high radiance, can provide accurate measurements with reduced exposure times, allowing for fast dynamic measurements.
Maternal health care amid political unrest: the effect of armed conflict on antenatal care utilization in Nepal

Armed conflicts, which primarily occur in low- and middle-income countries, have profound consequences for the health of affected populations, among them a decrease in the utilization of maternal health care services. The quantitative relationship between armed conflict and maternal health care utilization has received limited attention in the public health literature. We evaluate this relationship for a particular type of health care service, antenatal care, in Nepal. Using count regression techniques, household survey data and sub-national conflict data, we find a negative correlation between the number of antenatal care visits and incidents of conflict-related violence within a respondent's village development committee. Specifically, we find that under high-intensity conflict conditions women receive between 0.3 and 1.5 fewer antenatal care check-ups. These findings imply that maternal health care utilization is partially determined by characteristics of the social environment (e.g. political instability) and suggest health care providers need to revise maternal health strategies in conflict-affected areas. Strategies may include decentralization of services, maintaining neutrality among factions, strengthening community-based health services and developing mobile clinics.
COHbC and COHbS crystallize in the R2 quaternary state at neutral pH in the presence of PEG 4000

Human hemoglobin binds oxygen cooperatively and functions as a tetramer composed of two identical alphabeta heterodimers. While human hemoglobin is the best characterized allosteric protein, the quaternary R (oxygenated or liganded) to T (deoxygenated) structural transition remains controversial. The R2 state has been postulated to represent either an intermediate or final quaternary state elicited by ligand binding. However, the biological relevance of the R2 state has been questioned as it has not been observed crystallographically under physiological conditions. The high-resolution R2 quaternary structures of human COHbC (betaE6K) and COHbS (betaE6V) are reported at neutral pH and low ionic strength using PEG 4000 as a precipitant. Crystals of COHbC, COHbS and their mixtures are isomorphous, indicating that they share the same tertiary and quaternary structures. In contrast, oxyHbA or COHbA did not yield crystals at neutral pH under similar conditions. Solubility studies and modeling suggest that at neutral pH and low ionic strength the beta6 mutant hemoglobins crystallize (betaK6 > betaV6) as a result of more favorable lattice contacts.
Emulation versus simulation: a case study of TCP-targeted denial of service attacks

In this paper, we investigate the applicability of simulation and emulation for denial of service (DoS) attack experimentation. As a case study, we consider low-rate TCP-targeted DoS attacks. We design constructs and tools for emulation testbeds to achieve a level of control comparable to simulation tools. Through a careful sensitivity analysis, we expose difficulties in obtaining meaningful measurements from the DETER and Emulab testbeds with default system settings, and find dramatic differences between simulation and emulation results for DoS experiments. Our results also reveal that software routers such as Click provide a flexible experimental platform, but require understanding and manipulation of the underlying network device drivers. We compare simulation and testbed results to a simple analytical model for predicting the average size of the congestion window of a TCP flow under a low-rate TCP-targeted attack, as a function of the DoS attack frequency. We find that the analytical model and ns-2 simulations closely match in typical scenarios. Our results also illustrate that TCP-targeted attacks can be effective even when the attack frequency is not tuned to the retransmission timeout. The router type, router buffer size, attack pulse length, attack packet size, and attacker location have a significant impact on the effectiveness and stealthiness of the attack.
Return to football and long-term clinical outcomes after thumb ulnar collateral ligament suture anchor repair in collegiate athletes.

Purpose To evaluate return to play after complete thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury treated with suture anchor repair for both skill position and non–skill position collegiate football athletes and report minimum 2-year clinical outcomes in this population. Methods For this retrospective study, inclusion criteria were complete rupture of the thumb UCL and suture anchor repair in a collegiate football athlete performed by a single surgeon who used an identical technique for all patients. Data collection included chart review, determination of return to play, and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand ( Quick DASH) outcomes. Results A total of 18 collegiate football athletes were identified, all of whom were evaluated for follow-up by telephone, e-mail, or regular mail at an average 6-year follow-up. Nine were skill position players; the remaining 9 played in nonskill positions. All players returned to at least the same level of play. The average Quick DASH score for the entire cohort was 1 out of 100; Quick DASH work score, 0 out of 100; and sport score, 1 out of 100. Average time to surgery for skill position players was 12 days compared with 43 for non–skill position players. Average return to play for skill position players was 7 weeks postoperatively compared with 4 weeks for non–skill position players. There was no difference in average Quick DASH overall scores or subgroup scores between cohorts. Conclusions Collegiate football athletes treated for thumb UCL injuries with suture anchor repair had quick return to play, reliable return to the same level of activity, and excellent long-term clinical outcomes. Skill position players had surgery sooner after injury and returned to play later than non–skill position players, with no differences in final level of play or clinical outcomes. Management of thumb UCL injuries in collegiate football athletes can be safely and effectively tailored according to the demands of the player's football position. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Formulating Beef Rations for Improved Performance under Environmental Stress

Beef ration heat increment level (energy lost in ruminant fermentation and nutrient metabolism) relative to net energy has important implications for efficient beef production under heat or chill stress. This paper presents (1) an efficient model for use of the Lofgreen‐Garrett net energy system in ration formulation; (2) a model, incorporating the Lofgreen‐Garrett net energy system, for varying heat increment relative to net energy in beef ration formulation; and (3) a simplified framework for ascertaining potential animal performance differences caused by differences in relative heat increment under assumed stress conditions. Differences illustrated are substantial.
Modulation of Intrinsic Brain Activity by Electroconvulsive Therapy in Major Depression

ABSTRACT Background One of the most effective interventions for intractable major depressive episodes is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Because ECT is also relatively fast acting, longitudinal study of its neurobiological effects offers critical insight into the mechanisms underlying depression and antidepressant response. Here, we assessed modulation of intrinsic brain activity in corticolimbic networks associated with ECT and clinical response. Methods We measured resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in patients with treatment-resistant depression ( n = 30) using functional magnetic resonance imaging acquired before and after completing a treatment series with right unilateral ECT. Using independent component analysis, we assessed changes in RSFC with 1) symptom improvement and 2) ECT, regardless of treatment outcome in patients, with reference to healthy control subjects ( n = 32, also scanned twice). Results After ECT, consistent changes in RSFC within targeted depression-relevant functional networks were observed in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), mediodorsal thalamus (mdTh), hippocampus, and right anterior temporal, medial parietal, and posterior cingulate cortices in all patients. In a separate analysis, changes in depressive symptoms were associated with RSFC changes in the dorsal ACC, mdTh, putamen, medial prefrontal cortex, and lateral parietal cortex. RSFC of these regions did not change in healthy control subjects. Conclusions Neuroplasticity underlying clinical change was in part separable from changes associated with the effects of ECT observed in all patients. However, both ECT and clinical change were associated with RSFC modulation in dorsal ACC, mdTh, and hippocampus, which may indicate that these regions underlie the mechanisms of clinical outcome in ECT and may be effective targets for future neurostimulation therapies.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Tinnitus: Challenges for the Military

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus present special challenges for the military. Soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines, and the civilians who serve beside them are exposed to noise levels that are higher than most individuals in industrial operations, putting them at increased risk of hearing loss. Yet these military populations rely on their hearing to a much greater extent than others do. Not only do military personnel, and their civilian counterparts serving in training and combat environments, require hearing for clear communication, but they also need their hearing for optimal survival and lethality. The dangers of miscommunication on the battlefield are clear. For example, imagine hearing “Attack!” instead of “Get back!” in the middle of a firefight. Indeed, the U.S. Marine Corps Center for Lessons Learned concluded that command and control during the battle of Fallujah was significantly degraded when exposure to high-intensity combat operations caused NIHL (Marine Corps Center for Lessons Learned 2005). Although many military troops and government civilians are not directly involved in firing upon and defeating the enemy, many serve in the same noise hazardous environments as these war fighters, both during training and in combat theaters. This chapter focuses on military-specific noise exposure, the effects of NIHL and tinnitus on military operations, hearing conservation programs within the military, and future directions for NIHL and tinnitus research specific to our military and the civilians who support them.
Molecular Dynamics Force-Field Refinement against Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering Data

Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) is one of the experimental techniques of choice for probing the dynamics at length and time scales that are also in the realm of full-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This overlap enables extension of current fitting methods that use time-independent equilibrium measurements to new methods fitting against dynamics data. We present an algorithm that fits simulation-derived incoherent dynamical structure factors against QENS data probing the diffusive dynamics of the system. We showcase the difficulties inherent to this type of fitting problem, namely, the disparity between simulation and experiment environment, as well as limitations in the simulation due to incomplete sampling of phase space. We discuss a methodology to overcome these difficulties and apply it to a set of full-atom MD simulations for the purpose of refining the force-field parameter governing the activation energy of methyl rotation in the octa-methyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane mo...
A Review of “Beyond Integration: Inter/Disciplinary Possibilities for the Future of Christian Higher Education”

Properly evaluating the meaning of an institution or a movement is always a matter of timing. The difference can be as dramatic as an action plan versus an epitaph. The epitaphs for Christian colle...
Cybersecurity at U.S. utilities due for an upgrade: Tech to detect intrusions into industrial control systems will be mandatory [News]

The hackers who unplugged 225,000 people from the Ukrainian electricity grid in December–the first confirmed cyber-takedown of a power system–have lent credence to calls by cybersecurity experts for greater vigilance by utilities. "It's really brought the whole thing to a head and made people aware that this isn't just chatter about the sky falling," says Eric Byres, a security consultant who commercialized one of the first firewalls for industrial control systems.
Effect of Kofkrine against Musca domestica

Objective To observe Kofkrine's insecticidal effect on Musca domestica.Methods Contacting flies to Kofkrine at different boards,different dose and different time of exposure.Results Kofkrine's insecticidal effect lasted for 90 days at the dose of 30 mg/m~(2) on glass board,for 90 days at the dose of 50 mg/m~(2) on varnish board,and for 60 days at the dose of 100 mg/m~(2) on cement board.Conclusion The commonly used Kofkrine had excellent long-lasting insecticidal effect on flies.
Characterizing Oxygen Adspecies for Ethylene Epoxidation Over Silver with The Tap Reactor System

The nature of the active oxygen species in the selective oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide over a silver metal catalyst has been examined using transient pulse experiments with the TAP (Temporal Analysis of Products) reactor system. Through the application of multipulse and pump-probe experiments using 16O2, 18O2 and C2D4 as reactant molecules, and by monitoring the transient formation of C2D416O, C2D418O, C16O2, C16O18O, and C18O2, it is possible to distinguish between oxygen adsorbed on the surface versus subsurface or lattice oxygen. The results suggest that a migration of lattice oxygen to both selective and nonselective catalytic sites occurs. Comparison of transient response curves for the various isotopic forms of carbon dioxide and ethylene oxide suggest that more than one type of catalytic site is involved in CO2 production.
COG lobe B sub-complex engages v-SNARE GS15 and functions via regulated interaction with lobe A sub-complex

The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is a peripheral membrane protein complex which orchestrates tethering of intra-Golgi vesicles. We found that COG1-4 (lobe A) and 5–8 (lobe B) protein assemblies are present as independent sub-complexes on cell membranes. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrates that COG sub-complexes are spatially separated on the Golgi with lobe A preferential localization on Golgi stacks and the presence of lobe B on vesicle-like structures, where it physically interacts with v-SNARE GS15. The localization and specific interaction of the COG sub-complexes with the components of vesicle tethering/fusion machinery suggests their different roles in the vesicle tethering cycle. We propose and test a novel model that employs association/disassociation of COG sub-complexes as a mechanism that directs vesicle tethering at Golgi membranes. We demonstrate that defective COG assembly or restriction of tethering complex disassembly by a covalent COG1-COG8 linkage is inhibitory to COG complex activity, supporting the model.
The Learning Institute: Promoting Social Justice Advocacy within a Continuing Education Program.

ABSTRACTThe pursuit of social justice is an overarching framework that defines the social work profession. The goals of macro social work practice are centered on issues of social justice with strategies that include changing community conditions and creating a sense of solidarity, with particular emphasis on broadening the opportunities for marginalized populations. Given the natural alignment between social justice and macro social work practice, the exclusion of macro practice content in educational experiences should concern social workers and educators alike. The Learning Institute emerged in large part from a school’s shared concern with the micro/macro dichotomy that often characterizes the profession, as well as the faculty’s commitment to renewing the profession’s dedication to our social justice mandate. Results from this formative assessment clearly suggest that participants in the Learning Institute series may have experienced bifurcated education, exposure, and training to social justice advo...
Queen location and nest site preference influence colony reunification by the ant Temnothorax rugatulus

Social insect colonies adeptly make consensus decisions that emerge from distributed interactions among colony members. How consensus is accomplished when a split decision requires resolution is poorly understood. We studied colony reunification during emigrations of the crevice-dwelling ant Temnothorax rugatulus. Colonies can choose the most preferred of several alternative nest cavities, but the colony sometimes initially splits between sites and achieves consensus later via secondary emigrations. We explored the decision rules that govern reunification using artificially split colonies. When monogynous colonies were evenly divided between identical sites, the location of the queen played a decisive role, with 14 of the 16 colonies reuniting at the site that held the queen. This suggests a group-level strategy for minimizing risk to the queen by avoiding unnecessary moves. When the queen was placed in the less preferred of two sites, all 14 colonies that reunited did so at the preferred nest, despite having to move the queen. These results show that colonies balance multiple factors when reaching consensus, and that preferences for physical features of the environment can outweigh the queen’s influence.
Viruses And Demyelination

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity for over 100 years, but its etiology remains elusive. In all likelihood, a viral infection during childhood or adolescence triggers an autoimmune response to oligodendrocytes and/or myelin in susceptible individuals (1). Patients with MS are now being treated with cyclophosphamide (2, 3), cyclosporine (4), azathioprine (5), whole body radiation (6, 7), or plasmapheresis (8), on the assumption that MS is an autoimmune disease. These therapies have potentially serious hematologic, gastrointestinal, infectious, or neoplastic side effects (9). Immunosuppressive therapy, even if effective in stabilizing multiple sclerosis, is less than ideal because of the above mentioned side effects. Establishment of the etiology of MS may allow for more earlier, more specific, and less toxic treatment. In this paper we will review the epidemiologic evidence for a viral etiology of MS, the current state of candidate viruses, viral associated human demyelinating diseases other than MS, and the animal models of viral-induced demyelination.
Experience with MRS

In this article we show the latest results on the characteristics of the MRS (metal/resistor/semiconductor) photodiode. They include measurements of noise vs. threshold characteristics, noise frequency and signal amplitude dependence on the applied voltage and temperature and irradiation dose, and stability as a function of time. The photoelectron separation for this sensor is measured using a signal from a light emitting diode (LED). The response of the photodetector to light from the extruded 5 mm thick long strips of scintillator is studied using cosmic ray muons. Also, fiber-sensor alignment effects were studied. The results are promising and illustrate the potential use of MRS as photosensors in wide range of detectors.
The Unity of Husserl’s Logical Investigations: Then and Now

Edmund Husserl’s Logical Investigations (1900–1901) ranges over some 1000 pages. (Husserl 1968, 1970.) Arguably his magnum opus, certainly the foundation for all his subsequent writings, this daunting work looks like a patchwork of ideas on a lot of largely independent philosophical themes. For a hundred years most readers have taken and used it in that way. Certainly I did for many years. (Particular issues from the Investigations are pursued for instance by : Mohanty 1982 and Willard 1984 on antipsychologism in the Prolegomena; Sokolowski 1974 and Simons 1995 on language in Investigation I; B. Smith ed. 1982 and Fine 1995 on the ontology of part/whole in Investigation III; Bar-Hillel 1956 on logical grammar in Investigation IV; Smith and McIntyre 1982 on content and intentionality in Investigation V ; Willard 1995 and Ff llesdal 1999 on knowledge and intuition in Investigation VI.)
The War on Kids: How American Juvenile Justice Lost Its Way

In 2003, when he was sixteen, Terrence Graham and three other teens attempted to rob a barbeque restaurant in Jacksonville, Florida. Though they left with no money, and no one was seriously injured, Terrence was sentenced to die in prison for his involvement in that crime. As shocking as Terrence’s sentence sounds, it is merely a symptom of contemporary American juvenile justice practices. Today in this country, adolescents are routinely transferred out of juvenile court and into adult criminal court without any judicial oversight. Once in adult court, children can be sentenced without regard for their youth. Juveniles are housed in adult correctional facilities; they may be held in solitary confinement; and they experience the highest rates of sexual and physical assault among inmates. Until 2005, children convicted in America’s courts were subject to the death penalty; today, they still may be sentenced to die in prison – no matter what efforts they make to rehabilitate themselves. America has waged a war on kids. The War On Kids reveals how the United States went from being a pioneer to an international pariah in its juvenile sentencing practices. While academics and journalists have recognized the failings of juvenile justice practices in this country and have called for change, recent Supreme Court decisions and political developments make those calls a reality today. The War On Kids seizes upon this moment of judicial and political recognition that children are different in the eyes of the law. The book chronicles the shortcomings of juvenile justice by drawing upon social science, legal decisions and first-hand correspondence with Terrence and others like him – individuals whose adolescent errors have cost them their lives. At the same time, The War On Kids maps out concrete steps that states can take to correct the course of American juvenile justice.
Patellofemoral arthroplasty conversion to total knee arthroplasty: Retrieval analysis and clinical correlation.

Abstract Background Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) can be a successful, bone-sparing treatment for isolated patellofemoral arthritis. However, progression of tibio-femoral arthritis or incorrect indications may predispose patients to early conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to review the clinical cases and perform retrieval analysis of PFA conversions to TKA at our institution. Methods Twenty one patellofemoral arthroplasties in 18 patients that were converted to TKA were identified through our implant retrieval registry. Sixteen implants were available for review by biomechanical engineers, who recorded surface markings, wear patterns, and integrity of fixation. Patient charts were reviewed and time to conversion, tourniquet time, conversion implant, additional surgeries, infections, and Kellgren & Lawrence grade of the tibio-femoral joint on pre-operative radiographs were recorded. Results PFAs converted to TKAs at our institution were implanted for an average of 2.7 years. The most common reason for conversion was pain, but most patients had significant tibio-femoral arthritis, as indicated by an average Kellgren & Lawrence grade of 2.6. The average tourniquet time for these conversions was 67 min. These patients underwent an average of one additional surgery per PFA converted, and the infection rate of these conversions was approximately 14%. Conclusion Success of PFA depends upon correct patient selection rather than implant failure or wear. Conversion of PFA to TKA is technically similar to primary TKA, with similar post-operative pain relief and range of motion. However, infection rates and complications requiring further surgery are more consistent with results seen in revision TKA. Level of evidence: IV
Criticism, culture, and the automatic generation of artworks

Researchers wishing to create computational systems that themselves generate artworks face two interacting challenges. The first is that the standards by which artistic output is judged are notoriously difficult to quantify. The larger AI community is currently involved in a rich internal dialogue on methodological issues, standards, and rigor, and hence murkiness with regard to the assessment of output must be faced squarely. The second challenge is that any artwork exists within an extraordinarily rich cultural and historical context, and it is rare that an artist who is ignorant of this context will produce acceptable works. In this paper we assert that these considerations argue for case-based AI/Art systems that take critical criteria as parameters. We describe an example system that produces new bebop jazz melodies from a case-base of melodies, using genetic programming techniques and a fitness function based on user-provided critical criteria. We discuss the role that such techniques may play in future work on AI and the arts.
Recurrent Cerebral Hemorrhage in Normal Pregnancy Secondary to Mycotic Pseudoaneurysms Related to Choriocarcinoma

Background Choriocarcinoma coexisting with or after normal pregnancy is extremely rare. To our knowledge, our case report is the first time cerebral mycotic pseudoaneurysms from choriocarcinoma have been proven angiographically. Case Description A 38-week pregnant 26-year-old woman presented with an acute left frontal hemorrhage. She underwent emergency cesarean section, followed by hematoma evacuation and resection of what grossly appeared to be a medium-sized arteriovenous malformation at the time of surgery. Angiogram before and after resection showed no obvious vascular pathology. One month later, she returned with status epilepticus, and an acute parenchymal hematoma posterior to the surgical resection cavity was identified. Angiography showed a multilobulated pseudoaneurysm along the left middle cerebral artery. This was resected and found on histopathology to have choriocarcinoma within and around the blood vessels. Serum human chorionic gonadotrophin levels increased daily. Pan computed tomography showed a left lung lobular mass. The diagnosis was stage 4 World Health Organization score 9 high-risk metastatic choriocarcinoma requiring radiation followed by multiagent chemotherapy. Two weeks later, she had another seizure. An angiogram showed an unruptured pseudoaneurysm along the right posterior cerebral artery, which was embolized. Conclusions Metastatic choriocarcinoma is rarely considered during a viable pregnancy but is almost always fatal if unrecognized. Early recognition enhances the chances of cure with chemotherapy. Arteriovenous malformations are typically considered in young women with intracerebral hemorrhages and have higher risk of rupture in pregnant women, but physicians should also be aware of metastatic choriocarcinoma and the development of mycotic aneurysms in peripartum women with intracerebral hemorrhages.
Generalizing the Moufang Plane

In this article we trace the development of ideas, both geometric and algebraic, which lead from the real projective plane in its concrete, inhomogeneous coordinate realization, to the Moufang-Veldkamp plane realized as a homogeneous space for a group defined from a Jordan pair. Emphasis has been placed on the study of Moufang planes and Moufang-Veldkamp planes, both constructed from reduced exceptional simple Jordan algebras. For these planes we verify explicitly the axioms of a Moufang-Veldkamp plane and, by reworking the standard construction, obtain a method of constructing a Moufang-Veldkamp plane with coordinate ring any alternative ring of stable range 2.
Build It and What? Measuring the Implementation and Outcomes of an Information Commons

Introduction If you are thinking about implementing an Information Commons at your library—and who isn’t at least thinking?—what should it look like? What do your patrons want and need? How will you find out? And then... what difference will it make? The following describes several methodologies available for librarians to explore, on an individualized basis, what their own patron base wants, needs, and will benefit from. This includes the use of output data to guide design, and outcome data to explore the effects, of an information commons installation. These methodologies were used in the design and implementation of an information/academic commons area at the University Library (UL) of Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). IUPUI in many ways is a balkanized campus: various “schools” affiliated with either Indiana University or Purdue University, with separate enrollment, teaching, and research endeavors offer a variety of degrees, and enjoy (or are burdened with) significant financial independence. The library is one of the services for which each “responsibility center” is taxed.1 Because it serves the entire campus, it is one of the most visible symbols and realities of the campus as a whole, and part of the building’s facade is incorporated into the campus logo. The 30,000 students the UL serves in this urban setting are almost entirely commuters and largely parttime. Like professors elsewhere, but especially on a campus dedicated to workforce development in the central part of the state, IUPUI faculty with an eye to preparing students for a future workplace have incorporated technological and information-rich group work projects into their courses—a development documented in library exit surveys through the years.2 Like libraries elsewhere, the UL, with a strong emphasis on technological leadership, is determined to provide the physical tools and intellectual services, the library-as-place learning environment, which will serve those student needs. Starting in the fall of 2005, the UL took an evidence-based approach to the design and development of new “academic commons” areas in their building. Using space freed by reducing current print periodical shelving, a 40-seat area was designed with a variety of computer workstation arrangements. This was studied with observations via security cameras, surveys of users at all computer stations, and select interviews. Information from these different sources provided important Build It and What? Measuring the Implementation and Outcomes of an Information Commons
Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Biristor Neuron

Spiking neural network has attracted much attention due to its efficient learning and recognition capability. Herein, a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron is implemented using conventional silicon fabrication on 4F2 footprint. A vertical n-p-n back-to-back diode with floating p-base region, referred as biristor, functions as the LIF neuron. A static current drive results in closed loop feedback in the biristor, exhibiting output voltage oscillation due to periodic charging and discharging in the floating p-base. The LIF rate linearly increases with the drive current. A spiking frequency of up to a few kHz is verified.
2018 SIGMOBILE Outstanding Contributions Award: Teresa H. Meng

Dr. Teresa H. Meng is the 2018 SIGMOBILE Outstanding Contributions Award recipient. She is a pioneer of radio hardware design and implementation for wireless localarea network (LAN). Her groundbreaking research, engineering and leadership at Atheros made Wi-Fi faster, lower power, and cheaper; as a result, Wi-Fi technology today is ubiquitous. When founding Atheros twenty years ago, Dr. Meng expounded three revolutionary ideas
Functional impairment on admission and associated symptom burden and health outcomes among hospitalized patients with advanced cancer.

11554Background: Hospitalized patients with cancer often have impaired function, as measured by activities of daily living (ADLs), related to age, comorbidities, and both cancer and treatment-relat...
Below the Surface: HBCU Performance, Social Mobility, and College Ranking:

This study compared Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) to Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) on student outcome variables, student precollege characteristics (e.g., SAT score...
Asymmetries of Solar p-mode Line Profiles

Recent observations indicate that solar p-mode line profiles are not exactly Lorentzian, but rather exhibit varying amounts of asymmetry about their respective peaks. We analyze p-mode line asymmetry using both a simplified one-dimensional model and a more realistic solar model. We find that the amount of asymmetry exhibited by a given mode depends on the location of the sources exciting the mode, the mode frequency, and weakly on the mode spherical harmonic degree, but not on the particular mechanism or location of the damping. We calculate the dependence of line asymmetry on source location for solar p-modes, and provide physical explanations of our results in terms of the simplified model. A comparison of our results to the observations of line asymmetry in velocity spectra reported by Duvall et al. (1993) for modes of frequency $\sim$ 2.3 mHz suggests that the sources for these modes are located more than 325 km beneath the photosphere. This source depth is greater than that found by Kumar (1994) for acoustic waves of frequency $\sim$ 6 mHz. The difference may indicate that waves of different frequencies are excited at different depths in the convection zone. We find that line asymmetry causes the frequency obtained from a Lorentzian fit to a peak in the power spectrum to differ from the corresponding eigenfrequency by an amount proportional to a dimensionless asymmetry parameter and to the mode linewidth.
Children's physical pain: relations with maternal and paternal pain and prediction from maternal depressive symptoms and hope during infancy.

Chronic pain is common in children and increases their risk for developing a chronic pain condition in adulthood, yet relatively little is known about early parental psychosocial factors that predi...
Loss Optimization of Dual-Resonance Phase-Agile Reflectarray Using Equivalent Circuit

In this paper, the loss optimization of a reconfigurable dual-resonance reflectarray array element is presented. First an equivalent circuit is developed which models the electrical performance of the array element. The major sources of loss in the array element are then discussed before the equivalent circuit is used to evaluate the external coupling’s effect on loss and phase range to minimize the element’s loss while maintaining a phase range greater than 360°. Finally, the optimized loss and phase performance of the equivalent circuit is presented.
Design Partnerships for Participatory Librarianship: A Conceptual Model for Understanding Librarians Co Designing With Digital Youth

Abstract Libraries play a central role for youth and digital learning. As libraries transition to learning spaces, youth librarians can engage in aspects of democratic design that empowers youth. P...
Other parenteral anticoagulants

This chapter reviews other parenteral anticoagulants—danaparoid which is a heparin like one and the direct thrombin inhibitors. Although heparin and its derivatives are the most commonly used parenteral anticoagulants, other agents are also used for this purpose. Since clinical trials showed most of these had no major advantages over heparin, use of most of these agents is restricted to patients with heparin induced thrombocytopenia. The exception is bivalirudin which is also used in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing interventions.
Pharmaceutical Products and Their Value: Lessons Learned and the Path Ahead

Steep increases in prices and spending on prescription drugs in the United States have triggered public outrage and questions over their value. Value-based pricing has emerged as a preferred alternative to prices determined by what the market will bear. In response, manufacturers and health plans have begun to publicize their efforts to engage in outcomes-based contracts and long-term financing agreements, which they describe as value-based. Nevertheless, both contracting approaches perpetuate existing distortions in the financial incentives of supply chain and prescribing intermediaries, and fail to realign the prices of drugs to their value to patients, the healthcare system, or society. This commentary describes the challenges of managing drugs according to their value, and describes several alternatives that promise greater impact than contracting strategies.
Dynamical signatures from competing, nonadiabatic fragmentation pathways of S-nitrosothiophenol

S-Nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are derived from the combination of sulfur and nitric oxide (NO) radicals in the Earth's atmosphere and fragment to products following photolysis. Extensive theoretical studies have focused on the thermodynamic and, to a lesser extent, photochemical properties of RSNOs. However, experimental studies of these compounds have been limited due to the inherent instability of RSNOs at room temperature. Using velocity map imaging (VMI), we explore the photodissociation dynamics of jet-cooled S-nitrosothiophenol (PhSNO) from 355 nm photolysis. We report the translational and internal energy distributions of the NO and thiophenoxy (PhS) co-fragments, which are determined by spatial detection of the ionized NO photofragments using 1+1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). The velocity distributions indicate competing PhSNO nonadiabatic dissociation pathways, in which PhS is formed in the ground and first excited electronic states when probing high- and low-energy NO (X2Π1/2, v'', J'') rovibrational states, respectively. The results of multireference electronic structure calculations suggest that direct dissociation on the bright S2 state results in PhS formed in its excited electronic state, whereas intersystem crossing into the triplet manifold leads to population of PhS in its electronic ground state. The dynamical signatures from the dissociation processes are imprinted on the fragments' quantum states and relative translation, which we explore in rigorous detail using state-resolved imaging and high-level theoretical calculations.
Queering Study Abroad: Web-Based Outreach to LGBTQ+ University Students by Study Abroad Programs.

Effective outreach to queer/LGBTQ+ students is an important part of higher educational efforts to encourage their participation in study abroad opportunities. To explore the prevalence and nature of online outreach to queer students, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the study abroad program webpages of 38 higher educational institutions with distinguished reputations in international studies. Outreach to queer status was one of the most common types, along with outreach to ethnicity and disability status. Queer outreach varied as a function of institution type, occurring twice as often by public than by private universities, and seven times as often by secular than by religiously-affiliated universities. Using thematic analysis, we found that a majority of queer outreach content was generated by organizations external to the study abroad office, and in-house generated content was a combination of cautionary and inviting. We discuss ways to improve study abroad outreach to queer students in higher education.* *Note: The originally published version of this article was missing Tables 1 and 2 and author biographies. A corrected version was uploaded on May 6, 2020. If you read the article prior to that date, we encourage you to revisit it.
Comparison of the diagnostic value of routine electrocardiogram and dynamic electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of arrhythmia and heart rate variability in children

Objective To compare the application value of routine electrocardiogram and dynamic electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of arrhythmia and heart rate variability in children. Methods In our hospital, pediatric arrhythmia patients were given routine electrocardiogram and dynamic electrocardiogram.The relationship between arrhythmia and heart rate variability in children was analyzed. Results Supraventricular tachycardia (13.33%), ventricular tachycardia(5.56%), premature ventricular contraction (21.11%), premature atrial contraction (14.44%), block (12.22%) in the dynamic electrocardiogram were significantly better than the conventional electrocardiogram, and the differences were statistically significant χ2=11.93, 4.56, 9.22, 10.74, 11.55, all P<0.05). There were significant differences in the heart rate variability between ventricular arrhythmias and non-ventricular arrhythmias in children[(78.85±0.88), (4.68±2.43), (24.78±2.56), (21.66±0.94), t=10.88, 11.79, 9.84, 9.92, all P<0.05]. Conclusion Compared with routine electrocardiogram, dynamic electrocardiogram has better diagnostic value for pediatric arrhythmia of ventricular tachycardia.The detection rate of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, premature ventricular contraction, atrial premature contraction, conduction block and other arrhythmias are obviously superior.And dynamic ECG measurement of heart rate variability is helpful to assess the severity of the disease. Key words: Electrocardiography; Dynamic electrocardiogram; Arrhythmia; Heart rate variability; Child
#MeToo and #ChurchToo: Putting the movements in context:

The #MeToo movement, exposing sexual harassment and abuse through Twitter and other social media platforms, has had a significant impact on many segments of society, and the church has been no exce...
Early postoperative pain relief after total shoulder arthroplasty

Abstract Background Patients undergoing elective shoulder arthroplasty have highly variable pain experiences. We sought to characterize preoperative patient characteristics associated with fast and slow pain relief after elective total shoulder arthroplasty and evaluated whether differences in early pain recovery predicted longer term pain relief. Methods We identified 324 patients undergoing elective primary shoulder arthroplasty, reverse and anatomic, between 2015 and 2018 from our prospective registry. Postoperative pain relief was defined as the difference in preoperative and 2-week postoperative pain intensity. Three groups were then created: fast responders (top decile), slow responders (bottom decile), and normal responders. Multinomial regression was used to identify preoperative patient factors associated with either slow or fast pain responses. Results Factors associated with a fast pain response included older age and being married. A slow pain response was associated with being unmarried. Pain intensity was lower in the fast responders at 6 weeks (0.60 ± 0.80 vs. 3.4 ± 2.50, P Conclusion The postoperative pain experience after shoulder arthroplasty seems to be influenced by patient age and marital status. Patients with marginal improvement in pain relief should be counseled that their recovery may be more prolonged, but by the 1-year mark they are likely to achieve comparably low pain levels to other patients. Level of evidence Level III; Retrospective Design; Prognosis Study
Self-tuning and de Sitter brane intersections in 6-dimensional brane models

We study the self-tuning of general brane junctions and brane networks on 6-dimensional space-time. For general brane junctions, there may exist one fine-tuning among the brane tensions. For the brane networks, similar to the 5-dimensional self-tuning brane models, the brane tensions can be set arbitrarily and there exists a singularity for the metric and bulk scalar. If we want to regularize the singularity, we will introduce fine-tuning among the brane tensions. In addition, because the 4-dimensional cosmological constant we observe may be positive and very small, we discuss the brane network with de Sitter brane intersections by introducing a bulk scalar.
Synthesis and Crystallization of Atomic Layer Deposition β-Eucryptite LiAlSiO4 Thin-Film Solid Electrolytes.

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to control the stoichiometry of thin lithium aluminosilicate films, thereby enabling crystallization into the ion-conducting β-eucryptite LiAlSiO4 phase. The ...
Distinctively mathematical explanation and the problem of directionality: A quasi-erotetic solution

Abstract The increasing preponderance of opinion that some natural phenomena can be explained mathematically has inspired a search for a viable account of distinctively mathematical explanation. Among the desiderata for an adequate account is that it should solve the problem of directionality —the reversals of distinctively mathematical explanations should not count as members among the explanatory fold but any solution must also avoid the exclusion of genuine explanations. In what follows, I introduce and defend what I refer to as a quasi-erotetic solution which provides a remedy to the problem in the form of an additional necessary condition on explanation.