cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Premature Ejaculation: A Review

ABSTRACT Introduction Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most prevalent male sexual dysfunctions, yet it is frequently misdiagnosed or overlooked as a result of numerous patient and physician barriers. In particular, there is no universally used definition of the condition. There are no validated assessments or laboratory assays which distinguish men with PE from men without PE, and there are no risk factors or definitive correlates identified for this condition. Patients fail to seek medical help because of the stigma and embarrassment over the condition. In addition, patients (and clinicians) often misdiagnose PE as erectile dysfunction (ED). Aim To review the barriers to diagnosing PE, the factors to consider in diagnosing PE and how to diagnose PE. Methods The Sexual Medicine Society of North America hosted a State of the Art Conference on Premature Ejaculation on June 24–26, 2005 in collaboration with the University of South Florida. The purpose was to have an open exchange of contemporary research and clinical information on PE. There were 16 invited presenters and discussants; the group focused on several educational objectives. Main Outcome Measure Data were utilized from the American Urological Association (AUA) Guideline on the Pharmacologic Management of Premature Ejaculation. Results The AUA recommends the diagnosis of PE be based solely upon sexual history. In addition to a shortened latency time, recent research has identified three key factors associated with—and necessary for—a diagnosis of PE: (i) patient reports of reduced control over ejaculation; (ii) patient (and/or partner) reports of reduced satisfaction with sexual intercourse; and (iii) patient (and/or partner) distress over the condition. Conclusions The diagnosis of PE is based upon sexual history of a shortened latency time, poor control over ejaculation, low satisfaction with intercourse, and distress regarding the condition. Shabsigh R. Diagnosing premature ejaculation: A review.
Estimation and removal of non-tectonic effects from gravity survey data

(Accepted for publication March 24, 1978) ABSTRACT: When gravity survey accuracies of a few microgals are sought, many correction factors must be accounted for, including meter calibration constants, water-table level fluctations, solid-earth tides, ocean tides and in some cases rapid atmospheric fluctuations. Calculation of most of these correction factors is relatively straightforward. However, the effects of ocean tide loading are not as easily estimated, partly due to the lack of knowledge of the ocean tides themselves. Amplitude and phase factors for the better-known ocean tide components O 1 and M 2 have been theoretically computed for a grid in southern California in order to correct gravity survey data at arbitrary locations for these ocean tidal-loading components. The gravity data from a three-month period were recorded on a tidal gravimeter at the station PAS and then hand-digitized in order to test the ocean tide estimation program. The O 1 and M 2 ocean tidal components were effectively reduced to less than 0.5 μGal. The remaining high-frequency tidal components appear to be K 1 and S 2 . If the ocean tides are not taken into account, as much as 16-20 μGal of error can occur solely due to the effect of ocean loading on the gravitational tides when comparing two surveys near Pasadena. The effect increases towards the coastline and decreases inland. Examples of reduced data from the CIT gravity survey network, which has been observed on an approximately monthly basis since 1974, will be shown.
Segmental dilatation of the jejunum

A 6 months old girl with segmental dilatation of the jejunum is described. Clinical findings were intermittent colic, severe pain and bilious vomiting, mimicking intussusception. At laparatomy dilated jejunal segment was encountered and resection performed. Histological examination showed normal ganglion cells with normal bowel structures. Postoperative course was uneventful.
Work in progress — Creating a professional software development environment to support capstone programming projects

Experiential education provides valuable learning opportunities for students in the computing disciplines. Assigning students to work on real-world projects is often seen as a way for students to practice what they have learned in the classroom. While a desirable goal, logistics often make it difficult to provide these types of experiences. However, it is vitally important for students to be exposed to and experiment with tools used in commercial software development environments. This paper provides a descriptive overview of the development and implementation of a professional software development environment used to support computer science capstone programming projects. To date, the environment has been used to support work on a National Science Foundation funded database courseware project that includes over 100 interactive software modules. The environment was built using a collection of open-source applications that provide version control, task assignment and tracking, collaborative team tools, bug tracking, and project documentation management. This project has created a venue for providing consistent high quality real-world types of experiences for students completing their capstone requirement.
Competition between biological and photochemical processes in the mineralization of dissolved organic carbon

The photo- and bioreactive components of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from three different environments were determined during long-term decomposition experiments. Terrigenous DOM was collected from a black-water system, plankton DOM was harvested from phytoplankton cultures, and lake water served as a DOM source with both terrigenous and plankton components. Photomineralization accounted for the removal of 46 and 7% of terrigenous and lake-dissolved organic carbon (DOC), respectively, while no loss in DOC was observed when plankton DOM was exposed to irradiation. Biomineralization accounted for the removal of 27% each of terrigenous and lake DOC and 74% of plankton DOC. Phototransformations of terrigenous and lake DOM resulted in 7% and 2% increases in biodegradable DOC, respectively, while no increase in biodegradable DOC was observed for irradiated plankton DOM. In two different experimental approaches, terrigenous DOM was exposed to sequential and alternating bio- and photodegradation, respectively, to determine the fractions of DOC that were bioreactive and photoreactive. About 15% of terrigenous DOC was susceptible to both biomineralization and photomineralization. These results demonstrate that biological and photochemical processes compete in the mineralization of DOC. Photomineralization of bioreactive DOC is likely an important factor determining the net effect of irradiation on the bioreactivity of DOM.
Dependence of herpes simplex virus type 1-induced cell fusion on cell type

Abstract Syncytial mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), such as syn 20, cause extensive fusion of human embryonic lung (HEL) cells but only a small amount of fusion of human epidermoid carcinoma No. 2 (HEp-2) cells. In order to determine the cellular basis of this difference in fusion, sparse cultures of syn 20-infected HEL or HEp-2 cells, previously labeled with [ 3 H]thymidine, were surrounded with uninfected, unlabeled HEL or HEp-2 cells. The fusion of radioactive with nonradioactive cells was determined at different times after infection using radioautography. syn 20-infected HEL cells fused extensively with surrounding uninfected HEL or HEp-2 cells, while syn 20-infected HEp-2 cells fused poorly with surrounding uninfected HEL or cells. Therefore, the major difference in the fusion capacity of HEL and HEp-2 cells was not due to a difference in cell-surface receptors for a fusion factor in the two cell types. The process of infection of HEp-2 cells did not cause the plasma membranes of the cells to become refractory to fusion, because syn 20-infected HEL cells fused equally well with either uninfected or infected HEp-2 cells. The capacity for a mutant virus to express the syncytial phenotype in mixed infection with a wild-type virus is also dependent on cell type. In a mixed infection with equal numbers of MP and its nonsyncytial parent, mP, extensive fusion was observed for infected HEL cells and significantly less fusion was observed for infected African green monkey kidney (CV-1), baby hamster kidney (BHK-21), and HEp-2 cells.
Syndesmosis Sprains of the Ankle

A retrospective review of the clinical records and radiographs of 1344 ankle sprains occurring over a 41-month period at the United States Military Academy was performed. The incidence and severity of these sprains did not differ significantly from other studies with the exception of those injuries involving the tibiofibular ligaments. Those patients sustaining incomplete injuries to the ankle syndesmosis had a recovery time of almost twice that of those patients with severe (3rd degree) ankle sprains (55 vs. 28 days). Eight of 13 patients with 10 of 15 incomplete syndesmosis injuries were available for follow-up examination and radiographs at an average time of 20 months postinjury (range of 7-39 months). All patients with this injury had a positive "squeeze test" (compression of the fibula to the tibia at mid-calf) at the time of initial examination. Nine of 10 patients developed ossification of the syndesmosis in follow-up radiographs. None of these patients had developed chronic ankle instability, loss of motion, or arthritic changes of the joint at the time of final followup.
Everyday Problem Solving in African americans and European americans with Alzheimer's disease: An exploratory study

In this exploratory study, we compared the performance of 10 African American and 26 European American persons with early- to mid-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) to 20 nondemented elderly (NE), using a shortened version of the Test of Problem Solving (TOPS). The TOPS measures verbal reasoning to solve everyday problems in five areas: explaining inferences, determining causes, answering negative why questions, determining solutions, and avoiding problems. Six linguistic measures were also examined: total utterances, abandoned utterances, length of utterances, maze words, questions, and total words. NE performed better than AD subjects on all but one measure of verbal reasoning ability. AD subjects also showed a trend to use more total utterances and abandoned utterances than NE. For the AD group, no ethnic differences were found for verbal reasoning or linguistic measures. The findings from this preliminary investigation suggest that, compared to European Americans, African American persons with AD demonstrate similar everyday problem solving and linguistic skills. Thus, assessments such as TOPS that examine everyday problem solving may be a useful nonbiased evaluation tool for persons with AD in these two ethnic groups.
A series of 20 successful Warren shunts.

Recent reports suggest that the distal splenorenal shunt does fulfill its physiological promises. The portal and the gastroesophagealsplenic areas are divided into separate "venous watersheds." As a result, varices are decompressed but portal hypertension is preserved. It should, therefore, have its greatest advantage for patients with the most severe impairment of hepatic reserve. In this evaluation, the procedure was considered the operation of choice for all shunt candidates who had a patent splenic vein. A series of 20 patients, 12 with Laennec cirrhosis, seven with postnecrotic cirrhosis, and one with Wilson disease, survived shunting and were discharged from the hospital. One patient died of hepatic coma eight weeks after operation. If lengthy follow-up studies confirm its capacity to prevent hemorrhage, the distal splenorenal shunt may be the safest elective shunt operation for patients with cirrhosis.
Novel tricyclic indeno[2, 1-d]pyrimidines with dual antiangiogenic and cytotoxic activities as potent antitumor agents

We designed, synthesized and evaluated 13 novel tricyclic indeno[2,1-d]pyrimidines as RTK inhibitors. These analogues were synthesized via a Dieckmann condensation of 1,2-phenylenediacetonitrile followed by cyclocondensation with guanidine carbonate to afford the 2-amino-3,9-dihydro-indeno[2,1-d]pyrimidin-4-one. Sulfonation of the 4-position followed by displacement with appropriately substituted anilines afforded the target compounds. These compounds were potent inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) and inhibited angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantonic membrane (CAM) assay compared to standards. In addition, compound 7 had a two digit nanomolar GI(50) against nine tumor cell lines, a submicromolar GI(50) against 29 of other tumor cell lines in the preclinical NCI 60 tumor cell line panel. Compound 7 also demonstrated significant in vivo inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis in a B16-F10 syngeneic mouse melanoma model.
A Model of Firm Valuation With Exchange Exposure

This paper examines how the firm's exposure to exchange rate uncertainty influences its valuation. It identifies the variables affecting the firm's economic and accounting exchange exposure as well as the cost of capital in a formal unified model.
Development of a decision support system for Prioritization of multimedia dischargers

In 1990 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began sponsoring several pilot projects in its regional offices to examine the potential benefits of adopting a multimedia approach to facility management. This approach differs from traditional practices at EPA in that facilities (dischargers regulated under permits issued by the agency) are managed based upon their cumulative impacts to all media: air, water, and land. Currently, facilities are managed by separate programs at EPA that evaluate environmental impacts from a single-media perspective.
Dynamic programming and the optimum design of rotating disks

The minimum-weight design of elastic rotating disks under various design criteria has been studied using ideas of dynamic programming and invariant imbedding. It is shown that the criterion of minimum potential energy furnishes a remarkably simple solution in terms of a linear partial differential equation subject to initial conditions. The treatment of more general design constraints leads to the development of a number of stable, two-sweep iterative procedures. A series of numerical examples incorporating various design constraints is presented to show the accuracy and feasibility of the method. The sensitivity of the radial stresses to small changes in the thickness of the disk is noticed. On the other hand, the high stability of the volume with respect to the design criteria is stressed.
Gaining and leveraging customer-based competitive intelligence: the pivotal role of social capital and salesperson adaptive selling skills

This study explores the generation and use of competitive intelligence (CI) within the buyer–seller exchange process and its influence on salesperson performance. Using the concept of social capital as a theoretical foundation and multilevel data collected at three time points from 686 customer–salesperson dyads, the authors empirically test a conceptual framework that proposes both antecedents and consequences of CI sharing between customer and salesperson. The results of the study demonstrate that CI sharing by customers is a function of salesperson customer orientation, customer-centric extra-role behaviors, and relationship quality. CI sharing translates into increased perceived value, share-of-wallet, and profit margins when the salesperson utilizes the information to position and differentiate his or her product; however this occurs only when the salesperson has strong adaptive selling skills. Surprisingly, CI negatively influences these outcomes among low-adaptive salespeople, indicating that CI can actually work to a firm’s disadvantage if the salesperson is not equipped to respond to it. These findings suggest that CI must be examined differently than general market knowledge and that firms may leverage CI to their tactical advantage at the salesperson–customer interface if managed effectively.
A model-based estimator-correlator (EC) structure

The estimator-correlator (EC) is the optimal (maximum likelihood) detector for Gaussian (or exponentially distributed) signals embedded in similarly distributed interference and is applicable to the detection of delay Doppler spread sonar echoes. A discrete EC representation is derived by expanding continuous echo time series data with basis functions that are replications of the transmitted waveform. Scattering function (SF) models of the echo and backscattered interference spreading processes comprise prior information that is required for EC implementation. The effects of SF misinformation are illustrated by comparing the receiver operating characteristics (ROC curves) for the EC with perfect information, a mismatched EC with partial information, and the ideal but unrealizable prescient receiver. An EC implementation called hop code EC (HOPEC) is proposed that uses a frequency-shift-keyed (FSK) waveform (hop code) and is implemented with efficient FFT processing. Prior SF information is introduced via the frequency domain data covariance matrix, the elements of which are obtained as the Fourier transforms of the echo and interference scattering functions. The associated matrix Frobenius norm is shown to be a measure of the underlying scattering function variance and serves as a scalar spreading characteristic.
Repurposed metadata: ONIX and the Library of Congress's BEAT program

This paper reviews the ONIX‐based efforts of the Library of Congress's Bibliographic Enrichment Advisory Team (BEAT). The paper describes BEAT's table of contents, publisher description, and sample text initiatives, and the ways libraries and their patrons can benefit from these efforts.
Reliability-aware placement in SRAM-based FPGA for voltage scaling realization in the presence of process variations

With advances in technology scaling, the configuration memory in SRAM-based FPGA is contributing a large portion of power consumption. Voltage scaling has been widely used to address the increases in power consumption in submicron regimes. However, with the advent of process variation in the configuration SRAMs, voltage scaling can undermine the integrity of a design implemented on the FPGA device as the design's functionality is determined by the contents of the configuration SRAMs. In this paper, we propose to exploit the abundance of homogenous resources on FPGA, in order to realize voltage scaling in the presence of process variation. Depending on the design to be implemented on FPGA, we select the minimal voltage that sustains a reliable placement. We then introduce a novel 2-phase placement algorithm that maximizes the reliability of the implemented design when voltage scaling is applied to the configuration memory. In the first phase, pre-deployment placement, we maximize the reliability of the implemented designs considering the a priori distribution of SRAM failures due to process variation and voltage scaling. The second phase, post-deployment placement, is performed once the device is fabricated in order to determine a fault-free placement of the design for the FPGA device. Our results indicate significant leakage power reduction (more than 50%) in the configuration memory when our placement technique is combined with voltage scaling with little delay degradation.
Constrained locally weighted clustering

Data clustering is a difficult problem due to the complex and heterogeneous natures of multidimensional data. To improve clustering accuracy, we propose a scheme to capture the local correlation structures: associate each cluster with an independent weighting vector and embed it in the subspace spanned by an adaptive combination of the dimensions. Our clustering algorithm takes advantage of the known pairwise instance-level constraints. The data points in the constraint set are divided into groups through inference; and each group is assigned to the feasible cluster which minimizes the sum of squared distances between all the points in the group and the corresponding centroid. Our theoretical analysis shows that the probability of points being assigned to the correct clusters is much higher by the new algorithm, compared to the conventional methods. This is confirmed by our experimental results, indicating that our design indeed produces clusters which are closer to the ground truth than clusters created by the current state-of-the-art algorithms.
Large Margin Classifiers: Convex Loss, Low Noise, and Convergence Rates

Many classification algorithms, including the support vector machine, boosting and logistic regression, can be viewed as minimum contrast methods that minimize a convex surrogate of the 0-1 loss function. We characterize the statistical consequences of using such a surrogate by providing a general quantitative relationship between the risk as assessed using the 0-1 loss and the risk as assessed using any nonnegative surrogate loss function. We show that this relationship gives nontrivial bounds under the weakest possible condition on the loss function—that it satisfy a pointwise form of Fisher consistency for classification. The relationship is based on a variational transformation of the loss function that is easy to compute in many applications. We also present a refined version of this result in the case of low noise. Finally, we present applications of our results to the estimation of convergence rates in the general setting of function classes that are scaled hulls of a finite-dimensional base class.
Comparative Sociology of Legal Professions: An Exploratory Essay

The author surveys and compares the legal professions of 15 nations, including both civil law and common law countries. The essay is organized around the ways that legal professionals control their markets—first by controlling “production of producers” or who and how many enter the profession (with formal education or apprenticeship requirements, examinations, access to entry-level positions). Legal professionals also control “production by producers”—both external competitors and lawyers themselves. This occurs, for example, through definition and defense of the professional monopoly, control of competition between licensed professionals, and creation of demand. The discussion takes place against the background of the legal profession's recent history—assessing changes in its composition (by race, age, gender), in lawyers’ practice settings, in the categories of work they perform, and in the income and status associated with these categories and with the profession in general.
Electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence of thiophene and fluorene oligomers. Benzoyl peroxide as a coreactant for oligomerization of thiophene dimers

The electrochemical properties of oligomers of thiophene (with number of monomer units, n, from 2 to 12) and fluorene (n = 3 to 7) were investigated. Both sets of oligomers were characterized by the presence of two oxidation and two reduction waves as determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), with the reversibility of the waves depending on the structural properties of the compounds. The addition or removal of a third electron was found to be difficult relative to the second, a finding shown for conjugated oligomers with chain lengths up to 7 in the case of the fluorenes and up to 12 for the thiophenes. The oligothiophenes showed a larger separation between the electrochemical waves for the same chain length, and also substantial electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) signals, whose intensity increased with oligomer size. In contrast, the ECL intensity of the fluorene oligomers was essentially independent of chain length. The ECL spectra for the thiophene dodecamer were obtained with concentrations as low as 20 pM, a result that reflects a high ECL efficiency, close to that of the well-known ECL standard Ru(bpy)32+. Oligomers were also formed on electrochemical reduction of an appropriately functionalized dimer in the presence of benzoyl peroxide producing a longer wavelength emission (maximum at ∼540 nm) as opposed to the spectrum of the dimer (λem = 390 nm).
Plasma levels of second-generation antipsychotics and clinical response in acute psychosis: a review of the literature.

Abstract Objective The objective of the study is to assess the relationships between plasma concentrations (Cps) of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and clinical outcome in order to establish the clinical value of therapeutic drug monitoring. Method In April 2012, we searched PubMed and MEDLINE databases for English-language articles using the keywords risperidone , olanzapine , quetiapine , aripiprazole , ziprasidone , paliperidone , iloperidone , asenapine , lurasidone , therapeutic drug monitoring , serum level , and plasma level . One hundred and ninety-one articles were retrieved from the initial search. Articles were selected for inclusion if they involved an attempt to correlate Cps with efficacy measures, if they were prospective in nature, and if they examined patients experiencing an acute exacerbation of a psychotic illness. Ultimately 11 articles were selected. Results Of the nine compounds involved in the search, only four were included in relevant articles, and only two of these were involved in multiple trials. No studies involving the most recently developed compounds (paliperidone, iloperidone, asenapine, and lurasidone) were identified. Studies varied widely in methodology, with only four studies adopting a fixed-dose model. Results differed considerably between studies regarding both clinical and adverse effects, with 6 of the 11 studies revealing a positive correlation between Cps and response. Conclusions The utility of therapeutic drug monitoring of SGAs (other than clozapine) remains an open question, although limited evidence from fixed-dose studies is encouraging. We discuss the potentially significant clinical value of antipsychotic Cps and the consequent need for further research in this area.
Synchronous and Channel-Sense Asynchronous Dynamic Group-Random-Access Schemes for Multiple-Access Communications

Adaptive random-access schemes are introduced and analyzed to provide access-control supervision for a multiple-access communication channel. The dynamic group-random-access (DGRA) schemes introduced in this paper implement an adaptive GRA structure. An active terminal transmits its ready packet at random within the next specified time period. Colliding packets are retransmitted at a random slot within the next time period. The duration of each time period is dynamically determined in accordance with the observed state of the channel during the previous time period. Synchronous and carrier-sense asynchronous DGRA procedures, the latter employing collision detection and/or idle detection, are considered. The schemes are shown to exhibit good delay-throughput characteristics. The carrier-sense ADGRA/ID scheme, employing idle detection, is shown to yield superior performance to that exhibited by other carrier-sense schemes, over a wide range of operational parameters.
Rosuvastatin: winner in the statin wars, patients’ health notwithstanding

More is spent in the US on rosuvastatin than any other statin. Yet the evidence of its health benefits has always been weak and there is growing evidence of harmful side effects. Sidney Wolfe explains why he thinks the drug should have been withdrawn and why it should not be used
Trace gas and particle emissions from open biomass burning in Mexico

We report airborne measurements of emission fac- tors (EF) for trace gases and PM2.5 made in southern Mexico in March of 2006 on 6 crop residue fires, 3 tropical dry forest fires, 8 savanna fires, 1 garbage fire, and 7 mountain pine-oak forest fires. The savanna fire EF were measured early in the local dry season and when compared to EF measured late in the African dry season they were at least 1.7 times larger for NOx, NH3, H2, and most non-methane organic compounds. Our measurements suggest that urban deposition and high windspeed may also be associated with significantly elevated NOx EF. When considering all fires sampled, the percentage of particles containing soot increased from 15 to 60 % as the modified combustion efficiency increased from 0.88 to 0.98. We estimate that about 175 Tg of fuel was consumed by open burning of biomass and garbage and as biofuel (mainly wood cooking fires) in Mexico in 2006. Combining the fuel con- sumption estimates with our EF measurements suggests that the above combustion sources account for a large fraction of the reactive trace gases and more than 90 % of the total pri- mary, fine carbonaceous particles emitted by all combustion sources in Mexico.
Lipid Management with Statins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE:To provide an update on lipid management and recent modifications in cholesterol guidelines for use of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins), specifically in patients with diabetes.DATA SOURCES:Studies and guidelines were identified through a MEDLINE search (1996–April 2005).STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:Studies were selected for review if the primary treatment intervention was a statin, at least 4% of the study population held a diagnosis of diabetes, and diabetes subgroup analysis was available.DATA SYNTHESIS:The Heart Protection Study demonstrated an approximately 25% relative risk reduction of a first coronary event in patients with diabetes, a reduction similar to those without diabetes. In subjects with diabetes, a significant reduction in coronary events was noted regardless of the baseline cholesterol level. The Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study demonstrated a 37% relative risk reduction in the primary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity in pati...
A partitioning technique for identification of error-capturing scan cells in scan-BIST

The paper proposes a two-step scan cell partitioning scheme to identify the error-capturing scan cells in a scan-BIST environment. In the first step, a deterministic partitioning scheme is used, whose target is to maximize the correlations between different scan cells in fault diagnosis since different scan cells have very different probabilities of capturing fault effects. In the second step, a previously proposed random partitioning scheme is used to generate additional partitions. Experimental results are reported on the five largest ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits and compared with that for the random partitioning scheme and another earlier work using interval-based partitioning scheme.
Per-unit wave energy converter system analysis

An wave energy converter (WEC) system is composed of hydrodynamic, mechanical, and electrical elements, along with the associated control. An integrated design approach that can optimize the attributes between design elements is desired, especially for a smaller WEC device that has size and cost constraints. This paper presents a per-unit analysis system for a point absorber WEC topology. The goal of the per-unit system is to provide insight into the complete system design regardless of the power scale and to assist in the sizing and specification of the disparate components. Empirical characteristics from a WEC are used in the per-unit system and electrical sizing results from an integrated WEC design that uses optimal and other control schemes are presented.
Microdomain Formation, Oxidation, and Cation Ordering in LaCa2Fe3O8+y

The compound LaCa2Fe3O8+y, also known as the Grenier phase, is known to undergo an order-disorder transformation (ODT) at high temperatures. Oxidation has been observed when the compound is cooled in air after the ODT. In this study, we have synthesized the Grenier compound in air using traditional solid state reactions and investigated the structure and composition before and after the ODT. Thermal analysis showed that the material undergoes an order-disorder transformation in both oxygen and argon atmospheres with dynamic, temperature dependent, oxidation upon cooling. Results from scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) suggest that the Grenier phase has preferential segregation of Ca and La on the two crystallographic A-sites before the ODT, but a random distribution above the ODT temperature. Furthermore, STEM images suggest the possibility that oxygen excess may exist in La-rich regions within microdomains rather than at microdomain boundaries.
Assessment of the potential of the blue light gradient in soybean pulvini as a leaf orientation signal

Blue light gradients in the pulvini of soybean (Glycine max var. Northrup King S1346) leaves with different laminar orientations were examined with a fiber optic microprobe. The gradients changed markedly as a function of both incident light angle and leaf position and were determined largely by the amount of light present in the adaxial side of the pulvinus. The steepest gradient for inclined leaves was with light incident at 90° whereas for declined leaves it occurred when the light was incident at 150°. A proposed pulvinar mechanism which allows for the detection of light direction and leaf position by using the blue light gradient as an orientation signal could account for solar tracking by soybean.
Athletic Trainers' Educational Satisfaction and Technique Use within the Psychosocial Intervention and Referral Content Area

Context: Athletic trainers (AT) must address both physical and mental aspects of athletic injury in a holistic rehabilitation program. Objective: Assess ATs' satisfaction with educational preparation within the Psychosocial Intervention and Referral (PIR) content area, confidence in using related techniques, and frequency of technique use within clinical settings. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Online survey. Participants: 1701 ATs with BOC certification for ≤ 7 years participated. In regards to employment settings, 36.1% of the participants worked at the college/university level, 30.7% in private clinics, and 23.2% at secondary schools. Main Outcome Measure(s): Descriptive statistics were used to examine participants' confidence and frequency of using various PIR techniques. A MANOVA was used to evaluate group differences (accredited vs. internship, edition of educational competencies, clinical setting) in satisfaction, confidence, and frequency of technique use. Results: The average technique ...
Supported lipid bilayers at skeletonized surfaces for the study of transmembrane proteins.

Skeletonized zirconium phosphonate surfaces are used to support planar lipid bilayers and are shown to be viable substrates for studying transmembrane proteins. The skeletonized surfaces provide space between the bilayer and the solid support to enable protein insertion and avoid denaturation. The skeletonized zirconium octadecylphosphonate surfaces were prepared using Langmuir–Blodgett techniques by mixing octadecanol with octadecylphosphonic acid. After zirconation of the transferred monolayer, rinsing the coating with organic solvent removes the octadecanol, leaving holes in the film ranging from ∼50 to ∼500 nm in diameter, depending on the octadecanol content. Upon subsequent deposition of a lipid bilayer, either by vesicle fusion or by Langmuir–Blodgett/Langmuir–Schaefer techniques, the lipid assemblies span the holes providing reservoirs beneath the bilayer. The viability of the supported bilayers as model membranes for transmembrane proteins was demonstrated by examining two approaches for incorpor...
Mastering the Methods of Manipulation: Who Really Won the Marian Propaganda Wars?

The Tudor monarchy's monopoly of printing—which had peaked in the 1530s when Thomas Cromwell sponsored writers to promote both the royal supremacy as well as the corresponding obligation of political obedience—ended at least temporarily with the accession of Mary Tudor. This watershed in the history of English printing happened largely because many foreign printers left London after Edward VI's death for the continent.1 The relatively little Catholic propaganda printed during Mary's reign has been criticized as pedestrian and medi ocre. For example, it has been suggested that Protestants, many of whom were continental exiles with a broad, humanist education, wrote more convincing, more entertaining pieces than did her own propagandists.2 If one judges the success of these Catholic pamphleteers by tangi ble results (i.e. the success that Maiy had in implementing her major policies), then it would appear that her propaganda campaign was in deed less than a resounding triumph. Certainly no pamphleteer in her
IDENTIFYING STABLE CHEST PAIN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED CORONARY DISEASE IN WHOM NONINVASIVE TESTING MAY BE SAFELY DEFERRED: INSIGHTS FROM THE PROMISE TRIAL (PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER IMAGING STUDY FOR EVALUATION OF CHEST PAIN)

Guidelines recommend noninvasive testing (NIT) for stable chest pain, although many patients have normal tests and no adverse clinical events. While “watchful waiting” is an attractive strategy, few data are available to accurately identify patients in whom NIT may be safely deferred. Using
Axenic cultivation and indirect immunofluorescent analyasis of Leishmania anazonesis amastigotes

Objective To establish a method for culture of Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes in vitro and identify the antigenic specificity of amastigotes with indirect immunofluorescent assay. Methods Amastigotes derived from mouse lesions, infected J774.G8 macrophages, or promastigotes, were cultured in modified Schneider's Drosophila medium under pH 4.6 and 33℃. The cultured amastigotes were observed by light microscope and analyzed with indirect immunofluorescent assay. Results Three different sources of amastigotes analyzed by light microscope showed similar morphological features. Indirect immunofluorescent analyses employing mAbs specific to amastigote proteins P-4 and P-8 indicated positive staining for all three types of amastigotes with similar intensity and localization pattern. Anti-P-8 but anti-P-4 mAb showed weak staining for promastigotes. In contracst, GP-46/M-2 mAb was reactive strongly to promistigotes but weak staining for amistigotes. Conclusion Under 33℃, amastigotes were cultured successfully using modified conditions, and Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes can be identified with indirect immunofluorescent analysis by employing stage-specific mAbs.
Strategies to motivate college students to learn English

This paper discusses how to motivate college students to learn English from three aspects. Teachers should make efforts to (a) establish a good teacher- student relationship, (b)motivate students' learning interest in English, and(c)set up clear and appropriate teaching goals and learning goals in order to achieve better teaching and learning effect.
Soviet Scientists Take the Initiative: Khrushchev’s Thaw and the Emergence of the Scientific Centre in Chernogolovka

AbstractThis article explores the emergence of Chernogolovka, a scientific town near Moscow, during Khrushchev’s thaw. Nikolai Semenov, the founder of the town, relied on the Khrushchev regime’s fascination with modern science, its interest in expanding the scientific enterprise, and the more relaxed atmosphere of the thaw to transform what the Soviet state intended to be a military testing ground into a renowned scientific centre. This case study demonstrates that there was space for individual initiatives in the post-Stalinist system, as long as they came from well-connected individuals and conformed to the political and ideological objectives of the state.
Iceberg meltwater fluxes dominate the freshwater budget in Greenland's iceberg-congested glacial fjords

Freshwater fluxes from the Greenland ice sheet have increased over the last two decades due to increases in liquid (i.e., surface and submarine meltwater) and solid ice (i.e., iceberg) fluxes. To predict potential ice sheet-ocean-climate feedbacks we must know the partitioning of freshwater fluxes from Greenland, including the conversion of icebergs to liquid (i.e., meltwater) fluxes within glacial fjords. Here we use repeat ~0.5 m-resolution satellite images from two major fjords to provide the first observation-based estimates of the meltwater flux from the dense matrix of floating ice called melange. We find that, because of its expansive submerged area (>100 km2) and rapid melt rate (~0.1-0.8 m d−1), the ice melange meltwater flux can exceed that from glacier surface and submarine melting. Our findings suggest that iceberg melt within the fjords must be taken into account in studies of glacial fjord circulation and the impact of Greenland melt on the ocean.
Dual recognition of chromatin and microtubules by INCENP is important for mitotic progression.

The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), composed of inner centromere protein (INCENP), Survivin, Borealin, and the kinase Aurora B, contributes to the activation of the mitotic checkpoint. The regulation of CPC function remains unclear. Here, we reveal that in addition to Survivin and Borealin, the single α-helix (SAH) domain of INCENP supports CPC localization to chromatin and the mitotic checkpoint. The INCENP SAH domain also mediates INCENP’s microtubule binding, which is negatively regulated by Cyclin-dependent kinase–mediated phosphorylation of segments flanking the SAH domain. The microtubule-binding capacity of the SAH domain is important for mitotic arrest in conditions of suppressed microtubule dynamics, and the duration of mitotic arrest dictates the probability, but not the timing, of cell death. Although independent targeting of INCENP to microtubules or the kinetochore/centromere promotes the mitotic checkpoint, it is insufficient for a robust mitotic arrest. Altogether, our results demonstrate that dual recognition of chromatin and microtubules by CPC is important for checkpoint maintenance and determination of cell fate in mitosis.
Severe Hand Injuries From Fireworks: Injury Patterns, Outcomes, and Fireworks Types.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize injury patterns and outcomes of fireworks-related hand injuries and determine if there was an association with certain fireworks types. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients treated at a trauma center between 2005 and 2015. A total of 105 patients sustaining operative hand injuries due to fireworks were identified. Medical records were reviewed to identify injury patterns, treatment outcomes, and fireworks types. Results Eighty-eight patients (84%) sustained 92 thumb and/or first web space injuries. There were 12 thumb soft tissue–only injuries (13%) and 80 thumb fractures/dislocations (87%). Of these, there were 52 thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations (57%) and 36 thumb fractures outside the thumb CMC joint (39%). Fifteen hands (16%) sustained both thumb CMC joint dislocations and additional thumb fractures. Twenty-three hands (25%) required thumb revision amputation. The number of surgeries for acute reconstruction ranged from 1 to 7, with 17 patients (19%) requiring 3 or more. Sixty-three hands had deep first web space injuries, and 11 (17%) required flaps acutely for first web space reconstruction. Six hands required secondary reconstruction of a first web space contracture. An external fixator was applied to 6 hands to maintain the first web space; none of these required secondary web reconstruction. Excluding isolated pin removals and dressing changes under anesthesia, 19 patients (22%) required later-stage surgeries. Shells/mortars (59%) were the most common fireworks type causing injury. Conclusions Among operative hand injuries, fireworks most commonly fracture the thumb, destabilize the thumb CMC joint, and deeply damage the first web space. The first web space requires particular consideration because deep injury may result in adduction contracture and require secondary reconstruction if not prevented. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Standardized Semen Analysis and Quality Control Management for Multicenter Male Reproductive Toxicology Clinical Trials

Many environmental issues, such as tobacco smoking, radiation, UV, exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, drugs, food additives, stress factors, delayed parenthood, and genetic issues, are responsible for increased incidence of reproductive failure. Such incidences are increasing throughout the world and have become a great challenge. Laboratory evaluation of such reproductive failure in male has been complex, partly because of inadequate methods and lack of standardization, limited knowledge of technical requirements for quality assurance, and an incomplete understanding of what clinical relevance such assessment can provide. Existing methods currently involved in semen and reproductive hormone evaluations, mainly andrology, toxicology, reproductive endocrinology, fertility centers' aspects, and commercial establishments, show great variability in spite of many developments in this field over the last 40 years. The basic assessments of semen samples have variable predictive value because of nonstandardized techniques, the use of a variety of counting chambers, and training experience of personnel involved in such evaluations. In addition, there is an urgent need to have standardized training for the success of multicenter reproductive toxicity trials. Further knowledge and practice in this field with novel or improved techniques and extensive training/instructions can advance accuracy and reduce variability, thus maintaining the quality and accuracy of such evaluations. This chapter describes such updates on standardized semen analysis and quality control management with a greater emphasis on increased awareness for correctly evaluating men's reproductive health.
“Do We Have to Call It That?” The Response of Neoliberal Multiculturalism to College Antiracism Efforts

The authors discuss the ways in which neoliberal multiculturalism influences the reception and implementation of antiracist initiatives on college campuses. They suggest the intersections of neoliberalism and racism produce a resistance to antiracist efforts and desire for softened multicultural approaches that maintain the status quo. Since the logics of White supremacy and capitalism dominate every space of our society, critical multiculturalism must address these oppressive systems in antiracism education.