cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning and Nonlinear Dependence in Security Returns: Results from an Artificial Stock Market Environment

We present an examination of security returns generated in an artificial stock market. The market is populated by traders who reason inductively while compressing information into a few fuzzy notions which they can in turn process and analyze with fuzzy logic. We demonstrate that nonlinear return dependence is present even after we have controlled for ARCH effects in the simulated data and that these results are similar to those found in an examination of the actual returns of two actively traded stocks used as case studies. We conclude that the model we present provides an explanation for nonlinearities observed in US stock returns. The appeal of the model is its close ties to evidence on how individuals actually reason.
Third Markets and the Second Best

The costs and benefits of third markets for financial instruments are widely debated. Contrary to claims that it is inefficient for third markets to free ride off of a primary exchange's price discovery, this article presents a model that implies that (1) third markets actually improve welfare, and (2) the increase is often greatest when third markets free ride. The microstructure of financial trading allows exchanges (primary markets) to restrict inefficiently the supply of liquidity and risk bearing services. Third markets mitigate this source of inefficiency, and sometimes do so most effectively when they free ride. Thus, although free entry to the exchange would maximize welfare, encouragement of a third market (by making price information a public good, for instance) may be a second-best response to exchange market power.
Medical Tourism: A SWOT Analysis of Mexico and the Philippines

Medical tourism is an industry that has been experiencing continuous growth in recent years. It is an area of interest not only for the host countries (the suppliers), but also for countries with high medical costs (the consumers), which are typically industrialized countries. There is a need to study the nature of the industry within and across host countries to determine how this growth can lead to economic development through improved efficiency. This paper will review the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the medical tourism markets in Mexico and the Philippines. A PEST (political, economic, social, and technological factors) analysis will be conducted within the context of each country to determine the socio-political stability of the market infrastructure, and the obstacles to growth. The results will provide further analysis of strengths such as government initiatives and country specialization, and weaknesses such as communication problems and travel risks. The analysis of opportunities explores the nature of alliances among various industries, such as those among employers or insurance companies, healthcare providers, and medical tourism facilitators. It will also provide a comparison of the two countries by highlighting their comparative advantages, and how they differentiate themselves from other countries. Part of the threat analysis will examine the competition facing these two countries from major rivals (e.g. India, Malaysia, and Singapore) in the region. Finally, the research will consist of a review of existing literature as well as an analysis of the current policies and programs these countries are offering. Aspects of the medical tourism market that each country needs to improve in order to become leading medical tourism destinations will be identified.
A converse of the Gelfand theorem

In this short note we obtain a converse to the Gelfand theorem: a Riemannian manifold is homogeneous if the isometrically invariant operators on the manifold form a commutative algebra.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTROSTATIC CONFINEMENT—EXPERIMENTAL*

These experiments were designed to examine the potential structure and charge densities within the interior of an electrostatic device so as to ascertain whether alternating layers of space charge can exist. Deep potential wells were measured with single species injection, with multiple wells being formed in the presence of background gas. The methods used for investigating electrostatic confinement are described. (MOW)
NEFRECTOMÍA PARCIAL ABIERTA. TÉCNICA PERSONAL Y RESULTADOS ACTUALES

La capacidad de las pruebas de imagen modernas ha producido una migracion de estadio y tamano de los tumores renales con aproximadamente un 70% de los pacientes actualmente siendo detectados de forma incidental con una mediana de tamano del tumor de 4 cm o menos. Ademas, nuestro conocimiento actual indica que los tumores renales corticales son una familia de neoplasias con diferentes caracteristicas histopatologicas y citogeneticas y un potencial metastatico variable. El tumor de celulas claras convencional tiene un potencial maligno y supone solo el 54% del total de los tumores renales corticales pero el 90% de los que metastatizan. La nefrectomia radical, realizada con tecnica abierta o cirugia minimamente invasiva juega un papel importante en el manejo de los tumores renales masivos que hayan reemplazado el parenquima renal normal, invadan la vena renal y tengan linfadenopatias regionales o metastasis. La nefrectomia parcial ha emergido como el tratamiento de eleccion de los pacientes con tumores mas pequenos factibles. Esta operacion puede realizarse a traves de una mini-incision de lumbotomia sin reseccion costal. Las complicaciones relacionadas con la nefrectomia parcial, incluyendo hemorragia, fistula urinaria e infeccion ocurren en menos del 10% de los casos. No deberia hacerse nefrectomia radical para tratamiento de tumores renales pequenos puesto que se asocia con el empeoramiento de una enfermedad renal cronica preexistente que puede producir un aumento de la probabilidad de morbilidad cardiovascular y mortalidad. A pesar de la abundancia de evidencia que apoya la restriccion de las indicaciones de NR, existe evidencia de que sigue siendo utilizada en exceso en los Estados Unidos. La difusion de la educacion y el entrenamiento en estrategias quirurgicas de conservacion renal es esencial para avanzar.
Fast Fault Injection and Sensitivity Analysis for Collective Communications

The collective communication operations, which are widely used in parallel applications for global communication and synchronization are critical for application's performance and scalability. However, how faulty collective communications impact the application and how errors propagate between the application processes is largely unexplored. One of the critical reasons for this situation is the lack of fast evaluation method to investigate the impacts of faulty collective operations. The traditional random fault injection methods relying on a large amount of fault injection tests to ensure statistical significance require a significant amount of resources and time. These methods result in prohibitive evaluation cost when applied to the collectives. In this paper, we introduce a novel tool named Fast Fault Injection and Sensitivity Analysis Tool (FastFIT) to conduct fast fault injection and characterize the application sensitivity to faulty collectives. The tool achieves fast exploration by reducing the exploration space and predicting the application sensitivity using Machine Learning (ML) techniques. A basis for these techniques are implicit correlations between MPI semantics, application context, critical application features, and application responses to faulty collective communications. The experimental results show that our approach reduces the fault injection points and tests by 97% for representative benchmarks (NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB)) and a realistic application (Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS)) on a production supercomputer. Further, we statistically generalize the application sensitivity to faulty collective communications for these workloads, and present correlation between application features and the sensitivity.
Over-nutrition contributes to tubulointerstitial fibrosis by targeting nutrient-sensing kinases: role for the mTOR/S6K pathway.

It is increasingly recognized that overnutrition contributes to the development of obesity in westernized cultures.1,2 The presence of obesity is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and also hastens its progression and complicates its management.2,3 In this context, obesity contributes to altered intra-renal physical forces that result in inappropriate activation of the renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS), leading to proximal tubule sodium (Na+) retention despite a state of relative volume expansion and associated tubulointerstitial damage.1 Considering the composition of modern western diets, the impact that over-nutrition has on tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is an important translational research area. The western diet is composed of a high concentration of fat and refined carbohydrates, such as fructose and the disaccharide sucrose (which is composed of fructose + glucose).2–4 Consumption of a high fructose diet in western societies has increased due to reduced expense and increased palatability of processed foods. This is critical in the context of the obesity epidemic, as the increased intake of fructose has recently been shown to be associated with the development of proteinuria and kidney disease in addition to obesity and insulin resistance.
Combinatorial approach toward high-throughput analysis of direct methanol fuel cells.

A 40-member array of direct methanol fuel cells (with stationary fuel and convective air supplies) was generated by electrically connecting the fuel cells in series. High-throughput analysis of the...
Use of scintillation flow cell in preparative purification of 14C labeled phosphonates

Monsanto Company relies heavily on use of radiolabeled materials in obtaining regulatory environmental assurance on its products. The ability to do rapid, economical purity assessments and preparative scale purification of tagged products has become highly important. Liquid chromatography is the preferred preparative technique when applicable because it is versatile and relatively safe for processing multimillicurie amounts of radioactivity. A noteworthy deficiency, however, has been availability of a suitable, inexpensive commercial radioactivity flow detector. The lack of such a detector often necessitates use of time-consuming fraction collection and liquid scintillation counting of many samples for analysis and purification.
"B" cell origin of malignant cells in a case of American Burkitt's lymphoma. Characterization of cells from a pleural effusion.

Ninety-eight percent of the cells isolated from a malignant pleural effusion in a case of American Burkitt's lymphoma showed membrane fluorescence to antihuman IgM antisera, while only 2% of the cells formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells. It is concluded that the Burkitt cells in the malignant effusion are derived from bursal equivalent lymphocytes. Epstein-Barr (E-B) viral titers to both viral capsule antigen and early antigen were not elevated. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Norms of social conduct and the foot-in-the-door

Summary Using an account analysis (giving excuses or justifications for compliance or noncompliance) to indicate the operation of social norms, the foot-in-the-door (FITD) paradigm was investigated with four groups (N = 160): small-request only, large-request only, small-request/large-request, and small-request/large-request with an excuse provided. A three-factor interaction between compliance, category of account, and group indicated that (a) Ss were more likely to comply and give justifications in the small-request only group; (b) Ss were more likely not to comply and give excuses in the large-request only group; (c) Ss in the FITD group indicated a bimodal pattern of accounting and compliance; and (d) compliance in the FITD group was reduced when an excuse for noncompliance was provided. It was concluded that norms of social conduct may govern how people respond to different sized requests from strangers and that the small-request/large-request sequence (FITD) may be normatively ambiguous.
Time-temperature relation of mineral isochrons: a thermodynamic model, and illustrative examples for the RbSr system

Abstract We have developed a thermodynamic model for the determination of the closure temperature ( T C ) at which the minerals defining an internal isochron in Rb Sr, or similar, geochronological system were set with a geochronological clock. It is shown that the equilibrium fractionation of 87 Rb and 87 Sr between a pair of minerals at T C [K D ( 87 Rb 87 Sr) C ] is given by the ratio of the quantity ( 87 Rb/ 86 Sr ) in the two minerals as measured at the present time. K D ( 87 Rb- 87 Sr) , which equals the element distribution coefficient K D (Rb Sr) under equilibrium condition, can be calibrated as a function of temperature, and compared with the retrieved value of K D ( 87 Rb 87 Sr) C in a natural pair to obtain T C . The various mineral pairs defining an internal isochron will yield concordant or discordant values of T C depending on whether or not they closed simultaneously with respect to the diffusion of Rb and Sr. Both types of results are expected, and are important in the analyses of the evolutionary history of the host rocks. Preliminary analyses of the published data in the Rb Sr system suggest a fairly wide range of T C even for the same mineral pair, reflecting differences in the cooling rates and physico-chemical environments of the host rocks.
Effect of Hydration Education on Knowledge and Practices of High School Male Athletes in Southeast Texas

An athlete's ability to execute fundamental skills during a sporting event or in practice depends to a great extent on hydration status. It is important for athletes to have fundamental hydration knowledge and to develop habits to prevent dehydration and its consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a hydration education session on hydration knowledge and practices of male high school athletes in Southeast Texas. Participants (n1⁄482) completed a questionnaire adapted from Nichols, Jonnalagadda, Rosenbloom, and Trinkaus (2005). In addition to demographic items, the instrument contained 17 true/false items regarding hydration knowledge and 17 yes/no statements regarding current hydration practices (Pre-Test). Athletes were exposed to an education session on hydration and immediately completed an identical questionnaire (Post-Test 1). Approximately one month later, the same questionnaire was again administered (Post-Test 2). The majority of participants were white (78%, n1⁄464); mean age was 16 years. Analysis using the t-test with repeated measures showed that both the Post-Test 1 and Post-Test 2 scores were significantly different from Pre-Test scores (p 1⁄4 .001 and .002, respectively). Chi-squared analyses showed significant relations between knowledge and practices. For example, those who agreed with the statement “Sports drinks are better than water because they restore glycogen in muscles” were likely to report drinking sports drinks to restore muscle glycogen. Education about the value of hydration and proper rehydration practices could improve athletes’ individual hydration knowledge and practices and encourage them to incorporate the practices into their everyday routines.
In vivo detection of cervical dysplasia with near-infrared Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy has been shown to have the potential for providing differential diagnosis in the cervix with high sensitivity and specificity in previous in vitro and in vivo studies. A clinical study was designed at Vanderbilt University Medical Center to further evaluate the potential of near IR Raman spectroscopy for in vivo detection of squamous intra-epithelial neoplasia, a pre-cursor to cervical cancer, in a clinical setting. In this pilot in vivo clinical study, using a portable system, Raman spectra are collected using clinically feasible integration times during colposcopic evaluation. Multiple Raman spectra were acquired form colposcopically normal and abnormal sites prior to excision of tissue from patients with known abnormalities of the cervix. Measured Raman spectra were processed for nosie and background fluorescence using novel signal processing techniques. The resulting spectra were correlated with the corresponding histological diagnosis to determine empirical differences in spectra between different diagnostic categories. Using histology as the gold standard, multivariate statistical techniques were also used to develop discrimination algorithms with the hopes of developing this technique into a real time, non-invasive diagnostic tool.
THE BROKER‐DEALER EXAMINATION PROGRAMME OF THE SEC

The examination of broker‐dealers is an integral part of the United States Securities and Exchange commission's overall responsibility to enforce securities laws, protect investors, and ensure the maintenance of fair and orderly markets. This programme continues to evolve to keep pace with dynamic market developments. This paper provides an overview of the broker‐dealer examination process, and discusses several new developments in the examination programme. Particular focus is directed to the oversight of internal controls and risk management, and review of sales practices and supervisory procedures. Finally, there is a discussion of efforts undertaken to coordinate examinations by various state, federal and self‐regulatory authorities.
Flexible electronic futures.

Microelectronic devices incorporating organic materials could find a host of applications. That prospect inches nearer with the development of a strategy for growing thin films of the organic semiconductor pentacene.
Oil in parallax: Scarcity, markets, and the financialization of accumulation

Abstract Relations between oil scarcity, production, investment, and price have become increasingly mediated and shaped by financial markets. Yet, the mediation of finance is absent in peak oil narratives, which posit a direct relation between the availability of oil in the ground and its price on the market. The orthodox critique of peak oil deconstructs its basis in geological limits only to reproduce the argument from scarcity and reverse the relationship between the price of oil and its availability on the market. Both narratives are formulated in physical space and do not account for the degree to which the oil market has become infused by the logic of finance. Critical political economy, on the other hand, demonstrates the extent to which finance has transformed capital accumulation, only to render material production somewhat irrelevant to the accumulation of capital. This is equally problematic, given oil companies’ continuing investment in production and reserve expansion. The relation between accumulation, investment, and production under finance needs to be examined rather than discarded. I argue that finance has emancipated the circulation of oil in the world market from its circulation in physical space, fragmenting the oil market into a physical and a financial component, but reintegrating both under the dominance of financial logic without transcending their duality and their differences. I explicate this relation by examining the circulation of oil in trade and investment under the dictates of finance to open questions on current theorizations of oil scarcity in relation to prices, markets, and investment.
Development of assessment for undergraduate programs of information technology, and certification for program graduates

The Center for Computing Education Research (CCER), a division of the Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals (ICCP) Education Foundation, has developed a methodology for assessment for programs of Information Systems (2,7,8,9,10) that is general and can be applied to other computing programs. It is proposed that CCER technology be utilized for the Information Technology discipline. This can be accomplished through a sequence of meetings in cooperation with the IT Curriculum Committee to implement the necessary components. In addition, an appropriate certification for graduates can be instituted through the ICCP. CCER software will enable creation of the components that are compatible with the IT curriculum and the CCER exam question development and administration systems. The CCER will work with this IT task force to develop protocols for creating, administering and maintaining the assessment exam. Students who pass the assessment exam will be eligible to receive the ICCP certification. Participating universities will map the courses of their programs to the model curriculum. This mapping process (1) links the exam question objectives to the university courses, and enables a precise determination of relative success of students in achieving each objective within the university course as compared with the national population taking the exam. Weak performing areas can be addressed by university faculty, and addressed in future course planning. Also, since the curriculum units are mapped to ABET Accreditation Areas, a precise reporting of course coverage for each of the areas is immediately achieved, as well as performance against a national standard. Performance on program exit skills equivalent to job entry skills (3) will be a product of the exam. These results can be demonstrated to university industry advisory boards as part of a self improvement process.
Sodium Fluoride Susceptibilities of Suspected Periodontopathic Bacteria

Utilizing a blood-based medium, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) to sodium fluoride (NaF) of 45 bacterial strains representing 22 oral species. Bacterial susceptibility ranged from 128 μg/ml to 2048 μg/ml. Of those organisms tested, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Actinomyces viscosus were susceptible at lower levels of NaF.
The Nonexistence of Character Traits

En reponse a l'article precedent de N. Athanassoulis, l'A. deplore l'erreur fondamentale d'attribution selon laquelle les observateurs d'une experience concluent d'une action a l'existence de traits de caractere plutot qu'a la distinction des aspects de la situation.
Phosphate and R2D2 Restrict the Substrate Specificity of Dicer-2, an ATP-Driven Ribonuclease

Summary Drosophila Dicer-2 generates small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) from long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), whereas Dicer-1 produces microRNAs (miRNAs) from pre-miRNA. What makes the two Dicers specific for their biological substrates? We find that purified Dicer-2 can efficiently cleave pre-miRNA, but that inorganic phosphate and the Dicer-2 partner protein R2D2 inhibit pre-miRNA cleavage. Dicer-2 contains C-terminal RNase III domains that mediate RNA cleavage and an N-terminal helicase motif, whose function is unclear. We show that Dicer-2 is a dsRNA-stimulated ATPase that hydrolyzes ATP to ADP; ATP hydrolysis is required for Dicer-2 to process long dsRNA, but not pre-miRNA. Wild-type Dicer-2, but not a mutant defective in ATP hydrolysis, can generate siRNAs faster than it can dissociate from a long dsRNA substrate. We propose that the Dicer-2 helicase domain uses ATP to generate many siRNAs from a single molecule of dsRNA before dissociating from its substrate.
The relationships and impact of teachers’ metacognitive knowledge and pedagogical understandings of metacognition

We know that metacognitive students are successful in school (Sternberg Instructional Science 26:127–140, 1998). However, despite the recognition of the role of metacognition in student success, limited research has been done to explore teachers’ explicit awareness of their metacognition and their ability to think about, talk about, and write about their thinking (Zohar Teaching and Teacher Education 15:413-429, 1999). Therefore, the current study investigates teachers’ understanding of metacognition and their pedagogical understanding of metacognition, and the nature of what it means to teach students to be metacognitive. One hundred-five graduate students in education participated in this study. The data analysis results, using mixed research method, suggest that the participant’s metacognitive knowledge had a significant impact on his/her pedagogical understanding of metacognition. The results revealed that teachers who have a rich understanding of metacognition report that teaching students to be metacognitive requires a complex understanding of both the concept of metacognition and metacognitive thinking strategies.
Ionospheric profiling through radio-frequency signals recorded by the FORTÉ satellite, with comparison to the International Reference Ionosphere

Abstract Electromagnetic waves originating on Earth and recorded in space allow retrieval of ionospheric parameters. Using the Fast Onboard Recording of Transient Events satellite (FORTE), it has been shown that trans-ionospheric pulsed radio-frequency (RF) signals carry sufficient information to infer the peak electron density of the ionosphere, in addition to the total electron content along a ray path between a source and a receiver. In this paper the detailed refractive properties of the ionosphere and the birefringent splitting of RF waves in the Earth’s magnetic field are modeled using the Appleton–Hartree equation and an electron density profile based on the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). Applications of this model to FORTE data provide additional information on the vertical profile of ionospheric plasma density at the time and place of measurement. Results of the FORTE observations are compared with the IRI.
Movement of cadmium in rat submaxillary slices

Abstract The movement of 109 Cd 2+ (as CdCl 2 ) was studied in rat submaxillary slices. Standard conditions included 10 −6 m Cd 2+ , modified Krebs-Ringer-Tris phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 37°C, and 100% O 2 . A steady-state distribution was not reached within 180 min. Tissue uptake was proportional to the metal concentration in the medium, was decreased by lowering the temperature, and was not influenced by inhibition of oxidative (with N 2 , 2,4-DNP, or NaCN) or glycolytic (with NaF) energy production. Uptake was decreased by incubation with Na 2 EDTA but not by incubation with Na 2 NTA. Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , or Fe 3+ did not alter the tissue uptake of Cd 2+ . A passive uptake was suggested. The rate of efflux and displacement of bound metal indicated firm, intracellular binding.
Shifts of generators and delta sets of numerical monoids

Let S be a numerical monoid with minimal generating set 〈n1, …, nt〉. For m ∈ S, if $m = \sum_{i = 1}^{t} x_{i}n_{i}$, then $\sum_{i = 1}^{t} x_{i}$ is called a factorization length of m. We denote by ℒ(m) = {m1, …, mk} (where mi N then |Δ(Mn)| = 1. If t = 2 and r1 and r2 are relatively prime, then we determine a value for N which is sharp.
Multitarget discrimination with linear signal decomposition/direction of arrival-based ATR

Large computational complexity arises in model-based ATR systems because an object's image is typically a function of several degrees of freedom. Most model-based ATR systems overcome this dependency by incorporating an exhaustive library of image views. This approach, however, requires enormous storage and extensive search processing. Some ATR systems reduce the size of the library by forming composite averaged images at the expense of reducing the captured pose specific information, usually resulting in a decrease in performance. The linear signal decomposition/direction of arrival (LSD/DOA) system, on the other hand, forms an essential-information object model which incorporates pose specific data into a much smaller data set, thus reducing the size of the image library with less loss of discrimination and pose estimation performance. The LSD/DOA system consists of two independent components: a computationally expensive off-line component which forms the object model and a computationally inexpensive on-line object recognition component. The focus of this paper is on the development of the multi-object generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) as applied to the LSD/DOA ATR system. Results are presented from the testing of the LSD/DOA multi-object ATR system for SAR imagery using four targets, represented over a wide range of viewing angles.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Central extensions of finite Heisenberg groups in cascading quiver gauge theories

Abstract Many conformal quiver gauge theories admit nonconformal generalizations. These generalizations change the rank of some of the gauge groups in a consistent way, inducing a running in the gauge couplings. We find a group of discrete transformations that acts on a large class of these theories. These transformations form a central extension of the Heisenberg group, generalizing the Heisenberg group of the conformal case, when all gauge groups have the same rank. In the AdS/CFT correspondence the nonconformal quiver gauge theory is dual to supergravity backgrounds with both five-form and three-form flux. A direct implication is that operators counting wrapped branes satisfy a central extension of a finite Heisenberg group and therefore do not commute.
Triplet phase invariants: Formula for acentric case from fourth-order determinantal joint probability distributions.

Abstract A conditional probability distribution for triplet invariants is derived for noncentrosymmetric crystals from fourth-order determinantal joint probability distributions. The formula makes use of the entire data set in the computations for each invariant. Test calculations indicate that the formula can be used to help select invariants whose values are distributed close to zero and also to evaluate special invariants associated with seminvariant phases.
Deformation of symmetric zinc bicrystals

Abstract Stress-strain data are presented for a symmetric zinc bicrystal with a longitudinal boundary. It is shown that the bicrystal deforms as if it were a monocrystal. The observations are discussed in terms of dislocation theory.
Branching Ratio for Alternative Modes of Decay of Hyperons and θ 0 Mesons

We study those restrictions upon the branching ratios of different decay modes of ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$, and ${\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}$ imposed by the invariant property of a system composed of nucleons, pions, hyperons, and heavy mesons under the Wigner time reversal. These restrictions give, in fact, upper and lower limits on the various branching ratios. Later, we use a more or less specific model of hyperons and $\ensuremath{\theta}$ mesons in order to get other possible restrictions on the branching ratios. These results are model-dependent, and subsequently provide a possible test of the model we have chosen.
Feline immunodeficiency virus model to study human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome conditions.

This study was designed to induce rapid progression of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats. Predictably inducing the FIV disease state in the cat would yield an excellent tool to study endodontic disease processes under immunosuppressed conditions. Eight cats were immunosuppressed with steroids before infection with FIV. Another eight cats, age- and sex-matched littermates, served as uninoculated seronegative controls. Complete blood counts were taken for 10 mo in the FIV group, and 10 wk in the control group, including lymphocyte subsets. ELISAs were used to detect FIV infection. Statistical analysis was performed with generalized estimating equation models. All cats were positive at one point in time. The FIV group had significantly lower peripheral blood CD4 + counts compared with the control group. Therefore the FIV model presented gives the desired outcome and simulates what occurs in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Performance analysis of mobile agent-based wireless sensor network

In this paper, we describe a reliability model which can be used to analyze the performance and power consumption in resource constrained, data rate scarce, mobile agent-based wireless sensor network (WSN) systems. The primary model is referred to as a generalize access structure congestion (GGC) system [3] which is an extended model from a circular sequential k-out-of-n congestion (CSknC) [2]. There are many other reliability models which can be used to study WSN systems, but they are not suitable to analyze and address mobile agent-based multisensory WSN systems. These systems are not based on a centralized architecture because they use mobile agent technologies to distribute decision tasks at local nodes. By employing mobile agent technologies, the systems can make accurate decisions quickly and reduce data rate and data redundancy problems. An important research problem is to determine how to maintain efficient duty cycle by using multiple types of sensors without centralized architecture and with mobile agent technologies. From the GGC model, we can develop a method to determine an optimal power management scheme by computing an efficient duty cycle in mobile agent-based multisensory WSN systems.
1079 CHRONIC PRODUCTIVE HERPESVIRUS INFECTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INSUFFICIENT VIRUS-SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE

1079 CHRONIC PRODUCTIVE HERPESVIRUS INFECTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INSUFFICIENT VIRUS-SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
Dynamical group quantization

The projective unitary irreducible representations U(G) of the space-time symmetry group G provides a unique quantization scheme for elementary particles. By extension a direct method of quantization for more general systems by the projective unitary representations UG(G) induced from a dynamical group G is outlined. Reducible relativistic composite systems are defined and the geometry of G is discussed.
Combined grinding and drying of refractory clays in a shaft mill

The shaft mill is suitable for combined grinding and drying of refractory clays with different moisture contents, including frozen clays.
Effect of long term exposure to petroleum on mixed function oxygenases in fish: Further support for use of the enzyme system in biological monitoring

Abstract A number of long term, low level petroleum hydrocarbon exposures were carried out from 1978 to 1981 in order to further evaluate use of the mixed function oxygenase (MFO) system in biological monitoring. The studies involved exposure, at ambient temperatures, of fish from three separate families including (a) spawning codfish ( Gadus morhua ), (b) post-spawned sculpins ( Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus ), and (c) gonadally maturing flounder ( Pseudopleuronectes americanus ). MFO activity remained elevated approximately four-fold in the liver, and three-fold in the gills of codfish exposed for four months to water concentrations of 0.30–0.60 ppm petroleum, at −1-1°C. Similarly, liver enzyme activity remained elevated approximately three-fold in sculpins exposed to very low levels (0.15–0.20 ppm) of petroleum for three months, at 4–12°C. Results indicate that several years may be required before hydrocarbon concentrations are reduced in petroleum contaminated sediments, such as those heavily impacted by oil spills, to non-inducing threshold levels. Oil contaminated sediment was, even after a year of weathering, quite effective in inducing a high level of MFO activity (seven-fold) in flounder, at 11-6°C. A number of factors that might detract from use of the mixed function oxygenase system in biological monitoring were not realized in these long term studies with petroleum hydrocarbons.
Later results of closure of secundum atrial septal defect in children

Abstract Seventy-one children aged 2 to 17 years (mean 8.8) underwent operation for atrial septal defect and have been followed up for 5 to 13 years (mean 8.2). The condition of the rare symptomatic patient has improved, and weight gain and growth have been striking in the few who had previously shown underdevelopment. Congestive heart failure has not recurred in the 3 patients who had it before operation. Forty-six patients have shown a return of heart size to normal by X-ray study, 61 a shift of the frontal plane QRS axis to the left and a decrease in the height of the R or Rt wave in lead V1, and 30 of 37 a disappearance of electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular enlargement. Twenty-two patients (31 percent), although asymptomatic, have residual evidence of cardiac enlargement, 15 by X-ray study alone, 3 by electrocardiogram alone, and 4 by both methods. Complete or partial reversion of both roentgenographic and electrocardiographic abnormalities occurs within 1 1 2 to 2 years postoperatively, and no change is seen thereafter. Persistent postoperative cardiac enlargement may be due to incomplete repair (2 of 12 patients who underwent recatheterization) or persistent, hemodynamically significant arrhythmias occurring as a complication of surgery (3 patients). Primarily it is the result of apparent failure of myocardial disease to regress and can be considered a cardiomyopathy of volume loading. Although abnormal physiologic indexes were not demonstrated in all postoperative catheterization studies, some patients showed evidence of loss of myocardial compliance. In those with residual cardiac enlargement, there was no significant positive correlation with the magnitude of the left to right shunt, increase in preoperative right-sided pressure, size or location of the defect, degree of preoperative cardiac enlargement or age at which operation was performed. Results to date suggest that although early closure of an atrial septal defect is curative for most, residual myocardial disease in some may ultimately result in a less than normal life expectancy.
Penetration of Keystone Virus in Artificially Infected Female Aedes Infirmatus (Dar and Knab)

The Keystone strain of California group arbovirus has been commonly isolated from swamp collections of Aedes infirmatus in the Tampa Bay area in Florida. Insectary reared Aedes infirmatus were infected with this virus by feeding on a cotton pledget containing fresh defibrinated rabbit blood and virus in a concentration of 3.2 log10 mouse LD50's per 0.03 ml. The mosquitoes were dissected into 3 major body portions: head, thorax, and abdomen. Dissections were performed on consecutive days 1 through 8 after infection. A total of 39 engorged ♀♀ were dissected and tested either singly or in groups. All viral isolations were by standard suckling mouse inoculation procedures. Virus was present in the mosquito abdomen only on days 1, 2, 3 and 5, and was not detected in any portion of the body on day 4. On days 6, 7 and 8 it was recovered from all 3 portions of the body. Fourteen days after exposure to the virus-blood mixture, 96 unengorged ♀♀ were inoculated into suckling mice, but no virus was isolated.
Insulin induces a change in extracellular matrix glycoproteins synthesized by rat mesangial cells in culture

Insulin induces a change in extracellular matrix glycoproteins synthesized by rat mesangial cells in culture. Extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation within the glomerular mesangium is a hallmark of progressive forms of renal disease. We recently succeeded in propagating mesangial cells (MC) from the time of explant without supplemental insulin which exhibit a matrix profile analogous to normal mesangium in vivo . We used these cells to characterize insulin-induced changes in biosynthesis and accumulation of three important matrix glycoproteins, laminin, fibronectin, and thrombospondin. Two clones of MC derived from glomeruli from a single rat were compared. MC grown in the absence of supplemental insulin (SI - MC) assemble a matrix rich in fibronectin with much smaller accumulations of laminin and thrombospondin. In comparison, MC (SI + MC) grown chronically in the presence of 1 µM insulin have a greatly expanded ECM that immunostains less intensely with antibodies to fibronectin, but, it contains significant accumulations of laminin and thrombospondin. Following metabolic labeling of secreted proteins with 35 S-methionine, total protein synthesis was measured, and specific ECM components were identified and quantitated by immunoprecipitation, SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. The rate of total protein synthesis was increased by 50% in SI + MC as compared to SI - MC, yet, individual proteins were increased or decreased. The rate of synthesis of fibronectin was decreased and the rate of synthesis of laminin and thrombospondin was increased by insulin. These changes were directionally correlated with the net accumulation of these proteins as shown by immunostaining. In addition to an increase in laminin synthesis, insulin treatment induced a change in the isoform of laminin expressed. To further delineate the role of insulin in the assembly of these different matrices, MC chronically maintained without supplemental insulin were exposed to 1 Imicro;M insulin. Morphologic and ECM compositional changes occurred within 10 days. They were identical to those described for MC propagated in supplemental insulin from the time of explant. Furthermore, insulin treatment of SI - MC induced a prompt change in the isoform of laminin synthesized. These results support our hypothesis that insulin plays a direct role in modulating the composition of mesangial matrix that accumulates in diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Validity of Descriptive and Defect‐oriented Terminology Systems for Sensory Analysis of Fluid Milk

Fluid milk defects were evaluated by 2 trained sensory panels, one generating their own associative descriptive terms (PG) and the second using traditional dairy judging terminology (TT). The same samples were evaluated by a consumer acceptance panel. The trained panels had equal levels of discriminative ability as shown by ratings of untreated, oxidized and rancid milks. The PG system had as good or better correlation with consumer acceptability ratings as the TT system, as determined by multiple regression, especially when more than one defect was present. Discriminant analysis showed that descriptive profiles obtained by either trained panel could be used to identify defects by their actual root causes, and that the classification accuracy of the descriptive panel surpassed that of the defect-oriented group.
Black-hole thermodynamics in Lovelock gravity.

The thermodynamic properties of black holes in Lovelock gravity are examined. In particular, the case of the Einstein Lagrangian plus the four-dimensional Euler density is discussed in detail. In five dimensions, one finds that the specific heat of a black hole becomes positive at small mass, allowing the black hole to achieve stable equilibrium with its environment and giving it an infinite lifetime. This behavior is not universal, however, but it always occurs in 2k+1 dimensions for a Lovelock theory including the 2k-dimensional Euler density. For theories including six-derivative or higher-order interactions, black holes with degenerate zero-temperature horizons are also possible.
Nonlinear measures of mode-machine participation [transmission system stability]

This work investigates the significance of higher-order terms on the modal behavior of a large, stressed power system's transient response. Second-order analysis indicates that many more frequencies of oscillation may have significant influence on the power system response. These additional frequencies result from second-order interactions of the linear modes and cannot be studied using linear analysis. A methodology based on the normal-form method is developed and utilized to describe the stressed, nonlinear system response. This methodology is used to extend linear concepts, such as eigenvectors and mode-state participation, to include second-order modal affects on power system performance. Data from the 50-generator IEEE test system is used in this investigation.
Investigation of the differences in the local protein environments surrounding tyrosine radicals YZ. and YD. in photosystem II using wild-type and the D2-Tyr160Phe mutant of Synechocystis 6803.

The reaction center of photosystem II (PSII) of the oxygenic photosynthetic electron transport chain contains two redox-active tyrosines, Tyr160 (YD) of the D2 polypeptide and Tyr161 (YZ) of the D1 polypeptide, each of which may be oxidized by the primary electron donor, P680+. Spectroscopic characterization of YZ• has been hampered by the simultaneous presence of the much more stable YD•, the short lifetime of YZ•, and the difficulty in trapping the YZ• radical at low temperature. We present here a method for obtaining an uncontaminated YZ• radical, trapped by freezing under illumination of PSII core complexes isolated from YD-less mutants of Synechocystis 6803. Specific labeling with deuterium of the β-methylene-3,3- or of the ring 3,5-protons of the PSII reaction center tyrosines in the YD-less D2-Tyr160Phe mutant results in a change in the hyperfine structure of the YZ• EPR signal, further confirming that this signal indeed arises from tyrosine. The trapped YZ• radical is also stable for several month...
A uniform GTD solution for the radiation from sources on a convex surface

A compact approximate asymptotic solution is developed for the field radiated by an antenna on a perfectly conducting smooth convex surface. This high-frequency solution employs the ray coordinates of the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD). In the shadow region the field radiated by the source propagates along Keller's surface diffracted ray path, whereas in the lit region the incident field propagates along the geometrical optics ray path directly from the source to the field point. These ray fields are expressed in terms of Fock functions which reduce to the geometrical optics field in the deep lit region and remain uniformly valid across the shadow boundary transition region into the deep shadow region. Surface ray torsion, which affects the radiated field in both the shadow and transition regions, appears explicitly in the solution as a torsion factor. The radiation patterns of slots and monopoles on cylinders, cones, and spheroids calculated from this solution agree very well with measured patterns and with patterns calculated from exact solutions.
A method to assess periodic responses of aquatic microecosystems to photosynthetic inhibition

Abstract Periodic changes in pH were monitored at 30 s intervals in naturally-derived, aquatic microecosystems. The pH of the system was controlled between two setpoints with a microcomputer. When the upper setpoint was reached a light bank was turned off until the pH dropped to the lower setpoint and the light was again turned on. The cycling of pH in the microcosms was analyzed using time series analysis techniques. Each experiment resulted in a 24 hour control data set and a 24 hour experimental data set that began with the addition of the photosynthetic inhibitor 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) at 10 ppb. The results are summarized in variance periodograms as well as least squares estimates of periodicities. No significant difference was found between controls while DCMU caused marked effects. The technique is shown to be rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive to photosynthetic inhibition at low concentrations.
Joint testing of mortality and a non-fatal outcome in clinical trials.

The following procedures are proposed for clinical trials of potentially lethal diseases with a non-fatal primary outcome: (i) comparison of treatments on worst-rank scores combining mortality and the non-fatal outcome; (ii) testing first for mortality differences, and then for differences on the worst-rank scoring if there is no significant evidence for mortality differences. Power and control of type I error rate while testing mortality and worst-rank scores by Bonferroni or closed testing procedures are compared. Used together these procedures improve power to detect treatments with favourable effects on both mortality and the designated non-fatal outcome, while reducing the likelihood of declaring that a treatment benefits patients when undetected adverse effects on mortality are present.