cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Double Outlet Right Ventricle with Absent Aortic Valve

A case of double outlet right ventricle with multiple associated cardiovascular anomalies, including total absence of the aortic valve, is reported.
Vascular anatomy of the pancreas and clinical applications

The development of recent technology, especially the helical computed tomography (CT) scan, allows us to observe small peripancreatic vessels which previously could be demonstrated only by angiography (1), and therefore make three-dimensional (3-D) volume rendered CT angiographic reconstruction possible (2). The neighboring structures as well as the pancreatic vessels are clearly visualized on the axial CT scan. Therefore, it is necessary to define the peripancreatic vessels on the axial images, as well as on angiography to make an accurate diagnosis of pancreatic disease so that we can also estimate the dynamic flow of the peripancreatic vessels. In this chapter, I would like to use the cadaver dissections of pancreatic vessels to explain each pancreatic vessel based on previous anatomic and radiologic references and finally demonstrate the clinical cases in terms of the pancreatic vessels. The pancreatic arteries and veins are explained based on the anatomic and radiologic references. Principal pancreatic vessels are demonstrated on cadaver dissection. The pancreas head is supplied by the anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries forming arcades in the pancreaticoduodenal sulcus and is drained by the pancreaticoduodenal veins. The pancreas body and tail are supplied by the dorsal, inferior, and caudate pancreatic arteries, and are drained by the inferior and left pancreatic veins. Clinical applications in terms of the pancreatic vessels such as basis for interpretation of the angiography and the CT scan, treatment of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, detection of small insulinoma are stated.
After a Significant F in ANOVA

From time to time, investigators have proposed various solutions to the problem of identifying all contrasts in classic ANOVA design. A few years ago, Sparks (2) reviewed and then compared four of the newer procedures in their application to a completely randomized 4-method x 7-class design. Specifically, only significant differences between pairs of means were dealt with in the methodological comparisons., In this paper, Tukey’s “Compact” (5) and the Link-Wallace (3:119-22) ANOVA shortcuts are also applied, using Sparks data.
High-performance complex event processing over hierarchical data

While Complex Event Processing (CEP) constitutes a considerable portion of the so-called Big Data analytics, current CEP systems can only process data having a simple structure, and are otherwise limited in their ability to efficiently support complex continuous queries on structured or semistructured information. However, XML-like streams represent a very popular form of data exchange, comprising large portions of social network and RSS feeds, financial feeds, configuration files, and similar applications requiring advanced CEP queries. In this article, we present the XSeq language and system that support CEP on XML streams, via an extension of XPath that is both powerful and amenable to an efficient implementation. Specifically, the XSeq language extends XPath with natural operators to express sequential and Kleene-a patterns over XML streams, while remaining highly amenable to efficient execution. In fact, XSeq is designed to take full advantage of the recently proposed Visibly Pushdown Automata (VPA), where higher expressive power can be achieved without compromising the computationally attractive properties of finite state automata. Besides the efficiency and expressivity benefits, the choice of VPA as the underlying model also enables XSeq to go beyond XML streams and be easily applicable to any data with both sequential and hierarchical structures, including JSON messages, RNA sequences, and software traces. Therefore, we illustrate the XSeq's power for CEP applications through examples from different domains and provide formal results on its expressiveness and complexity. Finally, we present several optimization techniques for XSeq queries. Our extensive experiments indicate that XSeq brings outstanding performance to CEP applications: two orders of magnitude improvement is obtained over the same queries executed in general-purpose XML engines.
Effect of RAP purification on materials characterization

Abstract The purpose of a reactive atmosphere process (RAP) is to remove impurities, especially, polyatomic anion impurities, the most difficult of which is OH - . The latter, a pseudo-halide, is shown to be close in property to the fluoride. The two are far removed in reactivity and stability from the other halides. Thermodynamic arguments are presented to demonstrate that the practice of using the respective hydrogen halide gas as the sole RAP agent does not meet the defined objective of RAP. The criterion for the use of halogen as the RAP agent to clean up OH - impurity from metal oxides is given. The unusually large activity coefficient of OH - which influences melting behavior and solid-solid transitions is also shown to exert a limiting role on the purity of vapor-transported films. The unusually low electron affinity of OH - is made the basis of a model for color-center formation.
Traction centered nasal to the optic nerve head in high myopic observers

Measuring the Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE-1), we determined effects of tractional strains caused by serial Opto-Kinetic Nystagmus (OKN) stimuli in myopic observers (near-sighted or short-sighted) just nasal to the optic disc. Responses were recorded in high myopes with and without myopic supertraction and in low myopes. SCE-1 was measured before, just after, and following recovery from serial OKN stimuli at 22○ Temporal Visual Field (TVF). Previously, this site was identified as near the locus of greatest retinal traction in high myopic observers. Testing was photopic and within the linear portion of the Weber function. A modest increase was found in measured SCE-1 thresholds (= sensitivity reduced) immediately after serial OKN stimuli. SCE-1 functions were flatter; their peaks were transiently altered, and shifted in the opposite direction to OKN-induced saccades. Recovery occurred within a few minutes. Transients in photoreceptor alignments and sensitivity (triggered by OKN-return sacc...
Data sequences and subjective sampling distributions

Changes in subjective sampling distributions as a function of the structure of observed data sequences were examined as an explanation of errors in subjective probability revisions. Sequences influenced the distributions and this in turn was reflected in revision.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Impact of Proteinuria and Glomerular Filtration Rate on Risk of Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation: The Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study”

We agree with Barrios et al that we need to improve our ability to identify which patients with atrial fibrillation are at higher risk for ischemic stroke, especially given the limited predictive value of the most widely used published risk stratification schemes in atrial fibrillation.1 Our study supports that 2 measures of kidney function, estimated glomerular filtration …
Surface Layer Protein EA1 is Not a Component of Bacillus anthracis Spores but is a Persistent Contaminant in Spore Preparations

EA1 is an abundant, highly antigenic, surface layer protein of Bacillus anthracis vegetative cells. Recent studies indicate that EA1 is also a component of B. anthracis spores and a potential marker for spore detection. We show here that EA1 is not a spore component but a persistent contaminant in spore preparations.
Prognostic value of Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score in hospitalized stroke patients.

The Framingham Coronary Risk Score (FCRS) is based on several factors, including age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, presence of diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Some of these factors are individually linked with acute stroke outcomes. We explored whether FCRS could predict outcome in patients hospitalized with recent stroke. We collected data on consecutive patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke over a 3-year period. Patients with known coronary artery disease were excluded. Discharge outcomes assessed were neurologic deficit (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score), death or disability (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≥2), and discharge to home directly from the hospital. The independent effect of FCRS on these outcomes was evaluated using multivariate regression analysis. During the study period, 434 patients with ischemic stroke met entry criteria (mean age, 64.5 years; 54% females). Median FCRS score was 8%. After adjusting for confounders, higher FCRS score was associated with an increased likelihood of death or being disabled at discharge (odds ratio [OR] = 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-24.1; P = .05), and a decreased likelihood of being discharged directly to home (OR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.04-0.86; P = .032), but not with discharge NIHSS score. Higher FCRS in hospitalized ischemic stroke patients is associated with death or disability at discharge and a lower likelihood of being discharged directly to home. Along with indexing the long-term risk of cardiovascular events, this widely known, easily calculable score provides clinically relevant short-term prognostic information following ischemic stroke.
Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Nutrition Services for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Special Health Care Needs

It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that nutrition services provided by registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) and nutrition and dietetics technicians, registered (NDTRs), who work under RDN supervision, are essential components of comprehensive care for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). Nutrition services should be provided throughout life in a manner that is interdisciplinary, family-centered, community based, and culturally competent. Individuals with IDD and CYSHCN have many risk factors requiring nutrition interventions, including growth alterations (eg, failure to thrive, obesity, or growth retardation), metabolic disorders, poor feeding skills, drug-nutrient interactions, and sometimes partial or total dependence on enteral or parenteral nutrition. Furthermore, these individuals are also more likely to develop comorbid conditions, such as obesity or endocrine disorders that require nutrition interventions. Poor nutrition-related health habits, limited access to services, and long-term use of multiple medications are considered health risk factors. Timely and cost-effective nutrition interventions can promote health maintenance and reduce risk and cost of comorbidities and complications. Public policy for individuals with IDD and CYSHCN has evolved, resulting in a transition from institutional facilities and programs to community and independent living. The expansion of public access to technology and health information on the Internet challenges RDNs and NDTRs to provide accurate scientific information to this rapidly growing and evolving population. RDNs and NDTRs with expertise in this area are best prepared to provide appropriate nutrition information to promote wellness and improve quality of life.
Nonsubsampled contourlet transform: construction and application in enhancement

We present the nonsubsampled contourlet transform and its application in image enhancement. The nonsubsampled contourlet transform is built upon nonsubsampled pyramids and nonsubsampled directional filter banks and provides a shift-invariant directional multiresolution image representation. Existing methods for image enhancement cannot capture the geometric information of images and tend to amplify noises when they are applied to noisy images since they cannot distinguish noises from weak edges. In contrast, the nonsubsampled contourlet transform extracts the geometric information of images, which can be used to distinguish noises from weak edges. Experimental results show the proposed method achieves better enhancement results than a wavelet-based image enhancement method.
Overdrive Controllers for Distributed Scientific Computation

Large distributed computer systems have been successfully employed to solve modern scientific problems that were previously impracticable. Tools exist to bind together notably underutilized high speed computers and sizable storage resources, creating architectures that provide performance and capacity that scales with the quantity of resources invested. In various forms such as Internet computing, desktop grids, and even "big iron " grids, users and administrators find it difficult, however, to obtain aggregate systems that are more reliable than their underlying components and simple to utilize in concert. In this work, we will propose a model for controlling complex distributed systems and its application to the construction of scientific repositories.
Ontology-based Dynamic Process Collaboration in Service-Oriented Architecture

Service collaboration is important in service- oriented architecture (SOA). While service collaboration protocols for data exchange are well explored, the dynamic process collaboration (DPC) is still a challenge. DPC requires not only exchanging meaningful information between collaboration parties, but also performing collaboration workflow matching based on collaboration ontology. To do this, DPC needs service collaboration ontology modeling, service collaboration discovery and establishment based on collaboration ontology and runtime recomposition capability. This paper presents an ontology-based dynamic process collaboration (ODPC) framework with these features to facilitate DPC.
A synchronous rearing method for the Asian citrus psyllid and its parasitoids in quarantine

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, and two of its parasitoids, Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam and Agarwal) [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae], were reared under artificial light in a quarantine facility as part of a classical biological control program. Diaphorina citri, the vector of citrus greening disease, were reared on propagated orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) because it is not considered a host of the greening pathogen Liberobacter asiaticum and is more resistant to psyllid feeding damage than citrus. Each month, approximately 36,000 D. citri nymphs could be generated, yielding 6750 T. radiata and 1630 D. aligarhensis after 180 h of labor, and use of 150 M. paniculata plants, 20 m 2 of greenhouse space, and 18 m 2 of quarantine space. The developmental time from psyllid egg to the start of parasitoid emergence was 24 days for T. radiata and 28 days for D. aligarhensis. The sex ratio of laboratory-reared T. radiata was 1.8 $:1# (n ¼ 400) in the Taiwanese population and 2.0 $:1# (n ¼ 400) in the Vietnamese population. Both T. radiata and D. aligarhensis are long lived and could be stored for up to 30 days at 17C prior to field release, incurring less than 5% mortality. Ten percent of T. radiata (14 of 136 tested) and 10% of D. aligarhensis (22 of 209 tested) survived for 50 days when stored at 25C. Only females were observed from the population of D. aligarhensis obtained from Taiwan. 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Measuring the perception of leisure from a social cognitive perspective

The purpose of this study was to explore a conceptual framework for an individual's subjective perception of leisure based on social cognitive perspectives. A survey was administered to a sample of Eastern Illinois University students. A total of 443 students at Eastern Illinois University responded to the survey. A linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between social cognitive variables and subjective perception of leisure. The results of this study support a direct relationship between internal social cognitive variables (e.g., intrinsic satisfaction, emotions, and self-efficacy) and subjective perceptions of leisure. This study also found a positive relationship between external social cognitive variable (e.g., leisure knowledge) and subjective perception of leisure. These results provide an important contribution in the sense that social cognitive variable may have various causal effects on the individual's subjective perception of leisure. Future research is necessary to understand the linkages between social cognitive variables and subjective perceptions of leisure from qualitative and longitudinal approaches.
Cumulative Social Risk and Obesity in Early Childhood

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between cumulative social adversity and childhood obesity among preschool-aged children (N = 1605) in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study.
Top Seven Reasons to Celebrate and Ask More from Labour/Le Travail

Tribute to, and assessment of, the first 49 issues of Labour/Le Travail concentrates on both the tone and the substance of the journal. The seven sections of the article discuss matters ranging from art and design, to the rich poetry long included in its pages, to the ability to publish articles that are at once politically informed and academically rigorous. The evolution of the wide-ranging and exemplary book review section and the long standing attention of L/LT to racial and gender divisions among working people receive attention, as does a brief comparison of the trajectory of L/LT with that of Labor History in the United States. A final section considers the necessity for free wheeling debate among labour historians, particularly over the question of class and the place of Marxism in our work. Resume Le hommage aux 49 premiers numeros de Labour/Le Travail, de meme que leur evaluation, se concentre sur le ton et le contenu du journal. Les sept sections de l’article traitent des sujets varies allant de l’art et la conception, a la poesie longue et riche contenue dans ses pages, a la capacite de publier des articles contenant des idees a la fois eclairees politiquement et rigoureuses intellectuellement. L’evolution de la section de critique des livres, elargie et exemplaire, ainsi que l’attention inveteree portee par Labour/Le Travail aux divisons de races et de genres parmi les travailleurs ont attire l’attention, de meme qu’une breve comparaison du parcours de Labour/Le Travail avec celui de la publication Labor History aux Etats-Unis. Une derniere section prend en consideration la necessite d’avoir du debat libre parmi les historiens, en particulier sur la question de classe et la place de Marxisme dans notre travail.
The Decline of Calvinism: An Approach to Its Study

One of the major themes in the intellectual history of the Western world has been the rise and fall of Calvinism. A militant and crusading ideology during the Reformation era, Calvinism was nevertheless showing signs of losing its expansive force by the time of the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) and the Restoration of the English monarchy (1660). Before much longer, the inner conviction of Calvinist adherents as well as their determination to impose their beliefs upon others somehow faltered. Despite periodic ‘revivals’ such as the Great Awakening of the 1740s in the British colonies, the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were, for the most part, a time of gradual weakening for the Calvinist impulse. This weakening was by no means uniform; it occurred at different rates among different groups of people. (Indeed, even in the mid-twentieth century, a virtually undiluted Calvinism remains a powerful force in at least one part of the world: Afrikaans-speaking South Africa.)
Barriers to and Facilitators of Walking and Bicycling to School: Formative Results From the Non-Motorized Travel Study

Barriers to and facilitators of walking and bicycling to school were explored through 12 focus groups made up of fourth- and fifth-grade students and their parents who lived near their respective schools. The barriers and facilitators reported by parents and children generally fell into one of three categories: intrapersonal and interpersonal characteristics of parents and children, environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, and environmental and policy characteristics of the school. Findings indicate that a supportive environment is a necessary but insufficient condition to increase walking and biking to school. Initiatives to increase active school travel may need to include multiple levels of intervention to be effective.
A generic service ordering interface for the customer-to-service provider environment

The NMF (Network Management Forum) SMART Ordering Team proposes a service ordering model and identifies different interfaces. While the Ordering Team focuses on the service ordering interfaces between service providers, this paper examines the service ordering interfaces between customer and service provider. In particular, it highlights the operations and information objects used in the interfaces.
How best to broaden engineering education

There are several cogent reasons for seeking greater breadth in engineering education in the USA. For one, engineering activities are increasingly intertwined with complex societal needs, public co...
Moving Towards a Novel Paradigm in Drug Development for Worsening Heart Failure: The T1 Model (Mechanistic Translational Phase)

Hospitalization for worsening heart failure (WHF) represents a clinical entity with high burden of global disease, unacceptable postdischarge mortality and rehospitalization rates reaching 45 % within 60–90 days, and enormous economic expenditures worldwide. Despite the use of evidence-based therapies and implementation of policy measures on the governmental level, there has been minimal impact on the event rate following hospitalization for worsening heart failure over the past decade. In addition, the aging population and improved survival post-myocardial infarction will continue to fuel the growing population of patients with heart failure. There exists a substantial unmet need for novel therapeutic strategies that will improve outcomes in patients hospitalized with WHF. The current paradigm of sequentially conducting trials from phase I to III has not resulted in successful identification of therapies that improve outcomes and a different approach is needed. Herein we describe potential reasons for the failure of current phase III clinical trails, lessons learned, and outline the T1 or translational phase model as a novel paradigm to move forward to successfully develop drug development in patients hospitalized with WHF.
ID: 114: AN ANTAGONIST OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID RECEPTOR1, AM966, INCREASES PULMONARY ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY THROUGH ACTIVATION OF VE-CADHERIN

Background Maintenance of pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity is important for reducing severity of lung injury. VE-cadherin is a major component of cell–cell adherens junctions in endothelium. In response to inflammatory stimuli, VE-cadherin is tyrosine phosphorylated, resulting in dissociation with catenins, which links to f-actin. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lysophospholipid, which regulates cell motility. LPA has been shown to increase lung epithelial barrier integrity, while it reduces endothelial barrier function. AM966 is an antagonist exhibiting an anti-fibrotic property. However, the effect of AM966 on pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity has not been well studied. Methods and Results To investigate endothelial barrier integrity, electric cell-substrate sensing (ECIS) system was used to measure permeability in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs). Similar to the effect of LPA, AM966 increases permeability immediately in a dose dependent manner. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which regulates AM966-mediated reduction of endothelial barrier function, HLMVECs were treated with AM966, and then phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and VE-cadherin were determined by immunoblotting. AM966 increased phosphorylation of MLC and VE-cadherin. VE-cadherin and f-actin double immunostaining revealed that AM966 induces gap formation and f-actin stress fibers as well as dissociation between VE-cadherin and f-actin. Conclusion This study reveals that AM966 induces lung endothelial barrier dysfunction, which is regulated by phosphorylation of VE-cadherin. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01GM115389 to J.Z.), American Heart Association 12SDG9050005 (J.Z.), American Lung Association Biomedical Research Grant RG350146 (J.Z.).
Atomic-Scale Theory and Simulations for Colloidal Metal Nanocrystal Growth

A significant challenge in the development of functional nanomaterials is understanding the growth of colloidal nanocrystals. Although it is presently possible to achieve the shape-selective growth of colloidal nanocrystals, the process is not well understood and not generally scalable to a manufacturing environment. Advances in our fundamental understanding are hampered by the complexity of the colloidal environment, which makes it difficult to experimentally interrogate the liquid–solid interface of a growing nanocrystal. Theory can be beneficial, but because of the lack of quantitative experimental data, theoretical efforts should be based on first-principles to ensure sufficient accuracy. I review our studies with first-principles, density-functional theory of how polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a widely used structure-directing agent (SDA) in the synthesis of Ag nanocrystals, might function effectively as an SDA. These studies indicate that the beneficial characteristics of PVP are not present in poly(et...
Pertuzumab for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-positive metastatic breast cancer

Purpose The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, and administration of pertuzumab in patients with metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer are reviewed. Summary Disease progression in HER2-positive breast cancer is often due to resistance to or a lack of efficacy of trastuzumab-based anti-HER2 therapy. Pertuzumab is the first humanized monoclonal antibody in a new class of drugs, the HER dimerization inhibitors, approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who have not received prior anti-HER2 therapy or chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Since pertuzumab binds to a different epitope than trastuzumab, combination therapy with pertuzumab and trastuzumab results in a more complete blockade of HER2 signaling than trastuzumab monotherapy. The efficacy of adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab–docetaxel dual therapy was demonstrated in a pivotal randomized multicenter Phase III trial, which showed a significant benefit in terms of progression-free survival, with improved overall survival, in favor of the triple therapy as an initial regimen in treatment-naive patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. The combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab has been found to have a tolerable toxicity profile. As clinical trials of pertuzumab for adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and metastatic-disease treatment continue, its role in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer will continue to evolve. Conclusion Pertuzumab, a novel HER2 dimerization inhibitor, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer when used in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel and is recommended for first-line therapy.
Sociometry and sociogenesis of colony-level attributes of the Florida harvester ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae)

This study addressed how collective, supra-organismal colony characteristics change during growth (sociogenesis) from the founding queen to maturity and through the seasons. A total of 31 harvester ant colonies representing a full range of sizes was excavated on 4 sample dates during the year. The data were analyzed for growth-related and seasonal patterns. The subterranean nests consisted of horizontal chambers connected by vertical tunnels. The total area of these nests increased more slowly than did the colony population, leading to an increase in mean worker density, which also varied seasonally. Nest area grew somewhat more rapidly through nest deepening and addition of new chambers than it did through the enlargement of chambers. The mean weight and headwidth of workers increased with colony size, but this size increase was limited to the minor workers. The major workers marle up 7% of the worker population, a proportion that did not vary with colony size. The total weight and number of seeds stored by colonies increased isometrically with colony size, so that the milligram of seeds per milligram of ant biomass did not change. However, the weight of seeds increased more rapidly than did the population of dark (older) workers who collected them, so that the foragers of larger colonies each collected more seeds than their counterparts in smaller colonies. Large colonies contained up to 300,000 seeds. Colonies of fewer than 60 workers collected smaller seeds, but larger colonies showed no relationship between mean worker size and seed size. Brood production was limited to May-September, Sexuals were produced only in the early spring, before any workers, by colonies with >2,500 workers ( 1/3 of maximal colony size). In the summer, colonies of all sizes produced only workers. The seasonal patterns of colony fat reserves suggest that colonies draw on these reserves to overwinter and produce sexuals, then they rebuild the reserves during the summer. The size of the fat reserves increased much more rapidly than did colony size, suggesting that changes in colony composition and function lead to better nutrition. All indicators of colony growth rate increased more slowly than did colony size. These included the ratio of broond to workers, callow workers to dark workers, and the number of developing follicles in the queen's ovaries. These decreases were also reflected in raw birth rates (individuals per day) that increased half as rapidly as did colony size, and colony growth rates (percent per day) that decreased by half with each 10-fold increase in colony size. These patterns are discussed in relation to colony function, ontogeny and life history.
The 2010 Maule, Chile, coseismic gap and its relationship to the 25 march 2012 Mw 7.1 earthquake

Abstract A backprojection method is applied to the 27 February 2010 M w 8.8 and 25 March 2012 M w 7.1 Maule, Chile, earthquakes using high‐frequency (0.8–2 Hz) USArray data. During the 2010 event, highest energy release occurred north of the epicenter, with two subevents comprising this rupture. The gap between these subevents was about 100 km and 15 s, suggesting that P waves from the first subevent dynamically triggered the second subevent. This triggering can be explained as a consequence of stopping phases generated at the terminus of subevent 1, as the rupture encounters a region of low interseismic coupling. This argument is supported by the occurrence of the 2012 M w 7.1 event, which is the largest interface earthquake since the 2010 mainshock and ruptured an area that completely filled the gap left from the mainshock. Seismic gaps, regions between the slip areas of past giant earthquakes, are known to have a higher potential for generating future large events. The results of this study show that a coseismic gap behaves similarly, and detailed imaging of rupture propagation can be used to identify areas that may produce large earthquakes. A comparable coseismic gap to the 2010 Chile gap is identified for the 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake that may be the site of a large event in the near future. Online Material: Figures showing point source synthetic tests for the back projection method, station location, and distribution of energy release.
Modeling of Involute Helical Gear Based on Pro/E

According to involute helical gear formation principle,introduces a method to establish relative accuracy of involute helical gear model by Pro/E software,the method is relatively simple,the model is closer to actual tooth profile,and to lay foundation for motion simulation and optimization of helical gear drive mechanism.
A Review on the Influencing Factors and Economic Consequences of Corporate Responsibility Information Disclosure

Since the 1970s,the corporate social responsibility information disclosure has been one of the hot topics on capital market research.This paper mainly discusses two problems that stakeholders concern,which are the influencing factors and the economic consequences of corporate social responsibility information disclosure..There is also a retrospect on the empirical evidence of social responsibility information disclosure.In the end,the paper draw the limitations from these empirical studies and discusses future research opportunity in this field.
Management of Locally Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma After Partial Nephrectomy

AbstractWhile partial nephrectomy can provide effective treatment for selected patients with renal cell carcinoma, postoperative local tumor recurs in approximately 10 per cent of the cases. We describe 4 patients in whom tumor recurred in a solitary renal remnant after partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma 1 to 6 years previously. The original tumor was pathological stage I in 2 patients and stage III in 2. Neither of the patients with stage I renal cell carcinoma had metastatic disease when locally recurrent carcinoma was noted. A second partial nephrectomy was done in these patients and they are alive 1 and 10 years later. Both patients with stage III renal cell carcinoma also had metastatic disease when locally recurrent carcinoma was noted. One patient died 1 year later and the other is alive 1 year later. Patients who undergo partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma should be followed closely to allow for early detection of local tumor recurrence. When this occurs, secondary surgical trea...
Inactivation of Salmonella enteritidis on shell eggs by coating with phytochemicals

Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a major foodborne pathogen that causes human infections largely by consumption of contaminated eggs. The external surface of eggs becomes contaminated with SE from multiple sources, highlighting the need for effective egg surface disinfection methods. This study investigated the efficacy of three GRAS-status, phytochemicals, namely carvacrol (CR), eugenol (EG), and β-resorcylic acid (BR) applied as pectin or gum arabic based coating for reducing SE on shell eggs. White-shelled eggs, spot inoculated with a 5-strain mixture of nalidixic acid (NA) resistant SE (8.0 log CFU/mL) were coated with pectin or gum arabic solution containing each phytochemical (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75%), and stored at 4°C for 7 days. SE on eggs was enumerated on days 0, 1, 3, and 7 of storage. Approximately 4.0 log CFU/egg of SE was recovered from inoculated and pectin or gum arabic coated eggs on day 0. All coating treatments containing CR and EG, and BR at 0.75% reduced SE to undetectable levels on day 3 (P < 0.05). Results suggest that the aforementioned phytochemicals could effectively be used as a coating to reduce SE on shell eggs, but detailed studies on the sensory and quality attributes of coated eggs need to be conducted before recommending their use.
RNA polymerase as an antiviral target of hepatitis C virus.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is emerging as one of the most prevalent viral diseases of medical significance. It afflicts approximately 100 million people worldwide. Although HCV infections are mostly clinically inapparent during the acute stage, the majority of infected patients develop chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mainly as a result of ongoing HCV epidemics, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and demands for liver transplantation have increased at a rapid pace in many countries in the last couple of decades. The current therapeutic options for HCV are limited; interferon-α (IFN-α) alone or IFN plus ribavirin are the only available treatments. Unfortunately, these treatments are efficacious for only a limited number of patients. They are particularly ineffective against genotype 1 HCV, which is the most common genotype in developed countries, including most European countries, the USA and Japan. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies is urgently needed, so that the progression of hepatic diseases in HCV-infected patients can be halted before serious late-stage illnesses manifest themselves. Otherwise, HCV may exact a huge toll on health care budgets and the wellbeing of societies in the ensuing decades.
Samson the Judge: Religion and Violence in Milton's SAMSON AGONISTES

In this provocation, John Milton's SAMSON AGONISTES is read paying attention to the legal language and taking seriously that Samson is a judge. This reading connects Samson's story to the judge's duty to preserve confidences. It emphasizes that decisions and secrets are not things that judges give, but are avowals of themselves. In looking at a story from the Book of Judges, it adds to the Coverian literature by emphasizing that in the Hebrew prophetic literature, judges precede the state.
All in the Game: Communitarianism and The Wire

Communitarian ethicists argue that social identity is formed by community relationships, emphasizing the connection between an individual and his or her community. News organizations are part of that community. Indeed, journalism only functions properly in terms of the public and public life, and as part of a larger community. This textual analysis study focused on the breakdown of the fictional Baltimore community depicted in the television series The Wire. Five institutions—the police force and justice system, the labor force, local and state politicians and government, the educational system, and the daily newspaper—have failed, and, in turn, the city is failing. Through the lens of communitarian ethics, the researcher argues that community stakeholders must recognize the need for a strong community from which the press can operate to report, explain, correct, and connect.
Noncontact sensors and Nonintrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) aboard the USCGC spencer

Modernization in the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard includes an emphasis on automation systems to help replace manual tasks and reduce crew sizes. This places a high reliance on monitoring systems to ensure proper operation of equipment and maintain safety at sea. Nonintrusive Load Monitors (NILM) provide low-cost, rugged, and easily installed options for electrical system monitoring. This paper describes a real-world case study of newly developed noncontact NILM sensors installed aboard the USCGC SPENCER, a Famous class (270 ft) cutter. These sensors require no ohmic contacts for voltage measurements and can measure individual currents inside a multi-phase cable bundle. Aboard the SPENCER, these sensors were used to investigate automated testing applications including power system metric reporting, watchstander log generation, and machinery condition monitoring.
The Rapidity Density Distributions and Longitudinal Expansion Dynamics of Identified Pions from the STAR Beam Energy Scan

Abstract The Beam Energy Scan (BES) at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider was proposed to characterize the properties of the medium produced in heavy-ion interactions over a broad range of baryon chemical potential. The aptitude of the STAR detector for mid-rapidity measurements has previously been leveraged to measure identified particle yields and spectra to extract bulk properties for the BES energies for | y | ≤ 0.1 . However, to extract information on expansion dynamics and full phase space particle production, it is necessary to study identified particle rapidity density distributions. We present the first rapidity density distributions of identified pions from Au+Au collisions at s N N = 7.7 , 11.5 , and 19.6 GeV from the BES program as measured by the STAR detector. We use these distributions to obtain the full phase space yields of the pions to provide additional information of the system's chemistry. Further, we report the width of the rapidity density distributions compared to the width expected from Landau hydrodynamics. Finally, we interpret the results as a function of collision energy and discuss them in the context of previous energy scans done at the AGS and SPS.
Some considerations in modeling GaAs MESFETs for portable communication systems

Several approaches in modeling GaAs MESFET devices are considered as they apply to portable communication systems, including: 1) high efficiency power amplifiers where the applied signal exhibits constant envelop modulation, and 2) high linearity small signal amplifiers operating at very low quiescent current levels. For these applications, two device effects which influence model accuracy are investigated, including: a) low-frequency dispersion in output conductance, and b) modulation of threshold voltage with drain-source voltage. Attempts at modeling these two device effects are examined by comparing predicted results to measured output power, harmonic content, drain current, power added efficiency and two-tone third order products of a MESFET under load pull conditions. Comparisons of measured and modeled results suggest modeling threshold voltage modulation with drain-source voltage can lead to more accurate predictions. However, the conventional approach selected for modeling low frequency output conductance dispersion resulted in inaccurate predictions.
Lifestyle determinants of health: Isn't it all about genetics and environment?

Abstract Purpose Drawn from one of the keynote addresses at the State of the Science Conference held by the Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science (CANS), the purpose of this paper is to review the evidence from clinical trials about the importance of lifestyle behaviors in human health. Methods Evidence from trials on the impact of lifestyle interventions on outcomes in diabetes and prediabetes are presented. Results These findings suggest that lifestyle behaviors are important to diabetes prevention and outcomes in youth and adults. Implications More research is needed on the factors that predict these outcomes, especially genetics and environment.
Mu opioid receptor stimulates a growth promoting and pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment

4650 We observed that morphine stimulates MAPK/ERK and PKB/Akt signaling in endothelial cells and promotes proliferation, migration and survival leading to increased angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice (Gupta et al 2002, Cancer Res). Morphine and other opioid analgesics are mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, which act centrally as well as peripherally directly and by modulating the secretion of cytokines. Therefore, we examined the role of MOR in endothelium and cancer progression using MOR deleted (MOR-KO) and wild type (wt) mice. We isolated and cultured blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOEC) and implanted T241 fibrosarcoma tumor cells for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. MOR-KO derived BOEC assume round shape after 3 days in culture at P1 and undergo significant apoptosis Vs the wild type BOEC (p
Abstract 14605: Perceptions and Use of Electronic Cigarettes Among Middle and High School Students in Appalachia

Introduction: Across the US, youth use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased. Recent studies suggest that e-cigarette use is associated with increased intention to smoke traditional cigarettes. In regions, like Appalachia, where youth use of traditional tobacco products is among the most prevalent in the United States, even the slightest increase in acceptance of tobacco products could counteract recent anti-tobacco efforts aimed at reducing cultural acceptance of tobacco in the region. The aim of this study is to compare e-cigarette users’ and nonusers’ tobacco consumption as well as perceptions of e-cigarette advertising and health effects. Methods: During the 2014-2015 school year, a cross-sectional survey ( n =872) about students’ (age 11-19 years) perceptions and use of tobacco products was conducted in three Appalachian states: Kentucky, North Carolina, and New York. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to compare tobacco use and perceptions among e-cigarette users and nonusers. Results: About 20% of youth reported trying e-cigarettes. Controlling for age and gender, students who reported traditional cigarette use were 17 times more likely than non-users to also report trying e-cigarettes (95% CI= 10, 32). E-cigarette users were more likely to use smokeless tobacco (p Conclusions: In this study, e-cigarette use was associated with consumption of other tobacco products. Communication channels to obtain information about e-cigarettes varied between users and nonusers, which may shape perceived health risks. Understanding youth perceptions of e-cigarettes is vital to developing successful anti-tobacco and anti-e-cigarette campaigns.
Description of the Larva of Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae)

The larval stage of Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica (Lepeletier) is described and differentiated from other known larval Mutillidae. The larva of S. pensylvanica differs from the other described larvae...
Impedance to Globalization: The Impact of Economic Threat and Ethnocentrism

As globalization proceeds at a seemingly inexorable pace, there are signs that consumers in some countries may reject imported products because of ethnocentric tendencies. Although a literature has developed on the impact of country-of-origin and ethnocentrism on attitudes to imported products, less attention has been given to the role of perceived economic threat. The goal of this study is to examine how a consumer's economic threat impacts their purchase decision of imported products given different levels of ethnocentrism. Data were collected from Singapore and New Zealand to examine this issue using moderator regression analysis. The results clearly show that perceived economic threat plays a significant moderating role in intervening between a consumer's level of ethnocentrism and his/her attitude about purchasing imported products. The results also indicate that this relationship existed for American imported products. Implications are discussed in how marketers can mitigate the detrimental...
The father of europe: an analysis of the supranational servant leadership of jean monnet

The cornerstones of servant leadership theory (service, trust, credibility, and vision) were used to analyze how one of the most outstanding leaders of the twentieth century, Jean Monnet, used his skills to solve difficult problems of regional and global dimensions. Many believe that this Frenchman possessed unusually astute leadership skills in guiding individuals and governments during critical times. His contributions during World Wars I and II were notable, but he is best remembered for his conception and instigation of the European Union. Known as the "Father of Europe," he became one of the most influential figures of the postwar era. Focusing on economic cooperation among European nations, he effectively used a quiet, behind the scenes approach, to advance his objectives.