cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION OF HIP RANGE OF MOTION AND UPPER EXTREMITY KINETICS IN YOUTH BASEBALL PITCHING

Background The overhead throwing motion requires the coordination of efficient segmental actions between the lower and upper extremity. The complexity of the overhead throwing motion, especially in pitching, may be affected by restriction in lower extremity range of motion [ROM]. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between lower extremity ROM and upper extremity kinetics during baseball pitching. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Controlled laboratory setting. Youth sports. Participants 12 baseball pitchers 811.1±1.2 yrs.; 44.0±6.7 kg; 152.3±6.4 cm), free from injury, with 2.4±1.2 years of pitching experience volunteered. Interventions Independent variables were hip internal (IR) and external (ER) ROMs. Dependent variables were shoulder and elbow kinetics. Main outcome measurements Outcome measurements consisted of hip IR and ER ROM, and shoulder and elbow kinetics. Shoulder and elbow kinetics were assessed at maximum shoulder external rotation (MER) and maximum shoulder internal rotation (MIR) of the pitching motion. The relationship between hip ROMs and kinetics were assessed with Person Product Correlation Coefficients (P≤.05). Results A significant negative relationship was evident between left hip IR (r=−0.82, P=.02), right hip ER (r=−0.76, P=.04) and elbow valgus forces at the point of MER. A negative relationship between right hip ER and shoulder distraction forces (r=−0.82, P=.02) at MIR was evident as well. Conclusions These data suggest that there was a complex relationship between hip ROM and upper extremity kinetics during baseball pitching. This may be the first documentation establishing an association between lower extremity ROM and upper extremity kinetics during youth pitching. With elbow and shoulder injuries on the rise in youth baseball, identifying pathomechanics that result in increased joint forces is paramount. Further research is necessary to identify specific mechanisms of injury to the upper extremity associated with lower extremity function.
Effect of Hard Cores on the Binding Energies of H3 and He3 Corrected Values

There was an error in the kinetlc energy formula of a previous paper by Ohmura (formerly Kikuta), Morita, and Yamada. The binding energy of H/sup 3/ as well as the Coulomb energy of He/sup 3/ are recalculated by using the correct value of the kinetic energy. The results obtained are almost the same. (auth)
Can't Live With Them or Can't Live Without Them?: The Effects of Betrayal on Relational Outcomes in College Dating Relationships

Relational satisfaction and stability following discovered incidents of relational betrayal were investigated. Predictions from Social Exchange Theory, specifically Rusbult's Investment Model, were tested along with the effects of communication strategies. Participants (N = 155) completed a questionnaire about a recalled betrayal. Inconsistent with the investment model, relational satisfaction was the best predictor of relational stability. Generally, the more committed and invested the offender, the more likely the reported use of communication repair strategies. The likelihood of apologies, accepting responsibility, and promising change also increased with the severity of the betrayal. Only promising change was related to post-betrayal relational satisfaction.
Gröbner geometry of Schubert polynomials

Given a permutation w ?? Sn, we consider a determinantal ideal Iw whose generators are certain minors in the generic n ?~ n matrix (filled with independent variables). Using ?emultidegrees?f as simple algebraic substitutes for torus-equivariant cohomology classes on vector spaces, our main theorems describe, for each ideal Iw.
Self-segmentation of sequences: automatic formation of hierarchies of sequential behaviors

The paper presents an approach for hierarchical reinforcement learning that does not rely on a priori domain-specific knowledge regarding hierarchical structures. Thus, this work deals with a more difficult problem compared with existing work, It involves learning to segment action sequences to create hierarchical structures (for example, for the purpose of dealing with partially observable Markov decision processes, with multiple limited-memory or memoryless modules). Segmentation is based on reinforcement received during task execution, with different levels of control communicating with each other through sharing reinforcement estimates obtained by each other. The algorithm segments action sequences to reduce non-Markovian temporal dependencies, and seeks out proper configurations of long- and short-range dependencies, to facilitate the learning of the overall task. Developing hierarchies also facilitates the extraction of explicit hierarchical plans. The initial experiments demonstrate the promise of the approach.
Quantum communication in standard optical fibers

Quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation and experiments on entanglement is reviewed with special emphasize on the state of the art and the challenges of the 5-10 next years.
A hybrid dynamical systems approach to intelligent low-level navigation

Animated characters may exhibit several kinds of dynamic intelligence when performing low-level navigation (i.e., navigation on a local perceptual scale): they decide among different modes of behavior selectively discriminate entities in the world around them, perform obstacle avoidance, etc. In this paper we present a hybrid dynamical system model of low-level navigation that accounts for the above-mentioned kinds of intelligence. In so doing, the model illustrates general ideas about how a hybrid systems perspective can influence and simplify such reactive/behavioral modeling for multi-agent systems. In addition, we directly employed our formal hybrid system model to generate animations that illustrate our navigation strategies. Overall, our results suggest that hierarchical hybrid systems may provide a natural framework for modeling elements of intelligent animated actors.
Presidential Policy Initiatives and Agency Compliance Organizational Adaptation to A‐76

Adding to a long line of bureaucratic reforms, the Bush administration launched an invigorated competitive sourcing policy known as A‐76. In the A‐76 process, government commercial activities were ...
Systems Biology and Biomarker Discovery

Medical practitioners have always relied on surrogate markers of inaccessible biological processes to make their diagnosis, whether it was the pallor of shock, the flush of inflammation, or the jaundice of liver failure. Obviously, the current implementation of biomarkers for disease is far more sophisticated, relying on highly reproducible, quantitative measurements of molecules that are often mechanistically associated with the disease in question, as in glycated hemoglobin for the diagnosis of diabetes [1] or the presence of cardiac troponins in the blood for confirmation of myocardial infarcts [2]. In cancer, where the initial symptoms are often subtle and the consequences of delayed diagnosis often drastic for disease management, the impetus to discover readily accessible, reliable, and accurate biomarkers for early detection is compelling. Yet despite years of intense activity, the stable of clinically validated, cost-effective biomarkers for early detection of cancer is pathetically small and still dominated by a handful of markers (CA-125, CEA, PSA) first discovered decades ago. It is time, one could argue, for a fresh approach to the discovery and validation of disease biomarkers, one that takes full advantage of the revolution in genomic technologies and in the development of computational tools for the analysis of largemore » complex datasets. This issue of Disease Markers is dedicated to one such new approach, loosely termed the 'Systems Biology of Biomarkers'. What sets the Systems Biology approach apart from other, more traditional approaches, is both the types of data used, and the tools used for data analysis - and both reflect the revolution in high throughput analytical methods and high throughput computing that has characterized the start of the twenty first century.« less
Real time data mining-based intrusion detection

We present an overview of our research in real time data mining-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs). We focus on issues related to deploying a data mining-based IDS in a real time environment. We describe our approaches to address three types of issues: accuracy, efficiency, and usability. To improve accuracy, data mining programs are used to analyze audit data and extract features that can distinguish normal activities from intrusions; we use artificial anomalies along with normal and/or intrusion data to produce more effective misuse and anomaly detection models. To improve efficiency, the computational costs of features are analyzed and a multiple-model cost-based approach is used to produce detection models with low cost and high accuracy. We also present a distributed architecture for evaluating cost-sensitive models in real-time. To improve usability, adaptive learning algorithms are used to facilitate model construction and incremental updates; unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms are used to reduce the reliance on labeled data. We also present an architecture consisting of sensors, detectors, a data warehouse, and model generation components. This architecture facilitates the sharing and storage of audit data and the distribution of new or updated models. This architecture also improves the efficiency and scalability of the IDS.
Nonhuman primate hybridization and the taxonomic status of Neanderthals

The present study examines the taxonomic status of Middle Paleolithic Neanderthals by comparing their observed minimum genetic divergence from Upper Paleolithic modern humans in Europe with that observed between macaque species from Sulawesi that are known to hybridize and fully intergrade in the wild. The genetic divergence, and differentiation between Neanderthals and Upper Paleolithic modern humans, as indicated by pairwise minimum genetic distances and F(ST) values calculated from the estimated minimum genetic relationship (R) matrix derived from craniometric data, are significantly greater than those observed both between hybridizing and noninterbreeding Sulawesi macaque species, suggesting that mate recognition and the possibility of gene flow between Neanderthals and Upper Paleolithic modern humans might have been greatly reduced. These results support a species-level taxonomic distinction for the Neanderthals as suggested by proponents of the replacement model. Furthermore, assumptions regarding the monophyletic origin of modern humans from outside Europe are likely valid.
Dangerous and cancer-causing properties of products and chemicals in the oil refining and petrochemical industry: Part I. Carcinogenicity of motor fuels: gasoline

Studies in humans and animals have shown that gasoline contains a number of cancer-causing and toxic chemicals such as 1,3-butadiene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, isoparaffins, methyltert-butylether, and others. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in its Monograph Supplement 7 (1987) concludes that "in the absence of adequate data on humans, it is biologically plausible and prudent to regard agents for which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals as if they present a carcinogenic risk to humans." Epidemiological studies in humans provide important evidence of potential increased risk of leukemia, lymphatic tissue cancers, cancers of the brain, liver, and other organs and tissues. Recently (July, 1990) the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH) recommended that the TLV-TWA for benzene be reduced from 1 ppm to 0.1 ppm (ACGIH, 1990). The Collegium Ramazzini and others have also recommended that the exposure level for 1,3-Butadiene be reduced from 1,000 ppm to below 0.2 ppm. This recommendation is based on the findings that were presented at the Symposium on Toxicology, Carcinogenesis, and Human Health Aspects of 1,3-Butadiene (Environ. Health Perspec., 1990). Thus, studies on health effects resulting from very low levels of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and other cancer-causing chemicals--components of gasoline--necessitate that all avoidable exposure to gasoline or gasoline vapors be avoided.
Phylogenetic Relationships of the Monotypic Genus Amphianthus (Plantaginaceae Tribe Gratioleae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA Sequences

Abstract Within the past decade, Scrophulariaceae sensu lato has been shown to be polyphyletic and, as a result, is currently undergoing major systematic revision. The traditionally recognized family is now generally considered to comprise several smaller families including the newly expanded Plantaginaceae, a family of 12 tribes, 92 genera, and approximately 2000 species. Recent evidence from molecular phylogenetics supports the inclusion of the tribe Gratioleae within the Plantaginaceae. Gratioleae includes 16–40 genera, depending on generic circumscription, many of which have yet to be assessed phylogenetically. Amphianthus is a monotypic genus whose systematic affinities have long been poorly known. We included Amphianthus, 10 additional Gratioleae genera, and several outgroup genera from Plantaginaceae in a phylogenetic investigation to examine the relationships of Amphianthus. We present the most complete phylogeny of the Gratioleae to date and provide evidence from chloroplast DNA sequences of the ...
Shaping immigrant and ethnic heritage in North America: ethnic organizations and the documentary heritage

This article will explore some of the issues that immigrant and ethnic groups have dealt with when tackling the task of archiving – gathering and preserving the documents that tell the group’s story – and that of history- or memory-building through archives, a process I will refer to, for the sake of convenience, as ethnic archiving. The paper will trace the process of ethnic archiving through the case study of three specific groups–Finnish, German and Jewish communities in the United States–in the period preceding and following the ethnic “revival” of the 1960s. These groups were chosen because they illustrate the evolution of ethnic archiving among immigrant groups that arrived in the United States before the 1920s and the adoption of restrictive immigration laws. The similarities and differences these groups display are visible in the groups’ negotiations of, and answers to, the following questions: Who should be responsible for archiving? What should be the purpose of archiving and of the transmission of migration heritage? What should be archived and transmitted? These questions have broad implications for the shaping of history and memory.
Associations between resident physicians’ publications and clinical performance during residency training

Both research and clinical medicine requires similar attributes of efficiency, diligence and effective teamwork. Furthermore, residents must succeed at scholarship and patient care to be competitive for fellowship training. It is unknown whether research productivity among residents is related to broad measures of clinical achievement. Our goal was to examine associations between the quantity of internal medicine residents’ publications and validated measures of their knowledge, skills and multi-source evaluations of performance. This was a longitudinal study of 308 residents graduating from Mayo Clinic from 2006 to 2012. We identified peer-reviewed articles in Ovid MEDLINE between July of each resident’s match year and the end of their graduation. Outcomes included American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) certification examination scores, mini clinical examination (mini-CEX) scores, and validated assessments of clinical performance by resident-peers, faculty and non-physicians. Performance assessments were averaged to form an overall score ranging from 1 to 5. Associations between quantity of resident publications – and ABIM, mini-CEX and performance assessment scores – were determined using multivariate linear regression. The residents published 642 papers, of which 443 (69.0 %) were research papers, 198 (30.8 %) were case reports, and 380 (59.2 %) were first-authored. On adjusted analysis, multi-source clinical performance evaluations were significantly associated (beta; 99 % CI; p-value) with the numbers of research articles (0.012; 0.001–0.024; 0.007), and overall publications (0.012; 0.002–0.022; 0.002). To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that scholarly productivity based on journal publication is associated with clinical performance during residency training. Our findings suggest that residents who invest substantial efforts in research are not compromised in their abilities to learn medicine and care for patients.
Enhancing Teaching of Big Data by Using Real World Datasets

This lightning talk will focus on our experience of teaching a graduate level Big Data course. Traditionally, such courses have relied on "WordCount" style problems, which involve computing the simple count of words in a corpus of documents using the distributed MapReduce framework. While this is certainly a good way of introducing the students to the BigData framework, more real world examples are needed to motivate students. Further, since a majority of courses require students to work on a large project as part of this course, it is essential that they have access to a diverse and interesting set of data. In our course, we experimented with various data sources, such as text from real-time, streaming news articles, twitter feeds, and property price data from various zip codes in a county. The students were involved in gathering the data, designing and implementing MapReduce style algorithms for distributed processing, and presenting their findings. The feedback was extremely positive and we would like to develop this approach further. In this talk, we will present some ideas on how to collect and analyze real world datasets that are suitable for Big Data analysis. We would also encourage further inputs from the audience about this topic.
The New Geography of Journalism Research

In this essay, I consider the challenges of doing research in a shifting domain, where technology has made the concept of journalism itself problematic. For many years, I have used (in my own work with Shoemaker on media sociology) a levels-of-analysis hierarchy of influences perspective to sort out the factors impinging on the symbolic reality produced by journalism, but a “spatial turn” has made concepts of fields, spheres, and networks much more relevant. Understanding these spaces requires thinking in less media-centric terms as we identify the newly coupled assemblages put together in producing digital journalism, beyond its traditional institutional containers. These include algorithmically restructured atomic units of news in content and different configurations of global journalism. A new wave of ethnographies has begun to tackle these challenges, using the kind of thick description that characterized the field in the pre-digital era.
ATTRACTIVE STRUCTURES AND THE STABILITY OF HERMAPHRODITIC SEX EXPRESSION IN FLOWERING PLANTS.

Plant attributes serving both male and female sex functions are thought to favor hermaphroditic breeding systems over systems where sex expression is separated between individuals. Morphological features used by plants to attract biotic pollinators can be considered in this light, because such "attractive" structures are prerequisite for both pollen donation and receipt. A model involving allocation of a limiting resource between attractive structures benefiting both sex functions, structures benefiting male function only, and structures benefiting female function only, is constructed and analyzed using the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) approach. Contrary to expectation, conditions resulting in large allocation to attractive structures tend to destabilize hermaphroditism, although the effect is slight. Substantial asymmetry in the benefits accruing to male and female fertility for a given investment in pollinator attraction produces more pronounced effects, reducing the parameter space in which hermaphroditism is expected. Results of this model are used to assess the importance of "accelerating gain" curves previously suggested for the evolution of dioecy in flowering plants. Accelerating gains associated with fruit production and dispersal represent female function only, and can be sufficient to initiate evolution toward dioecy. Accelerating gains associated with pollinator attraction may contribute to the evolution of separate sexes only if male function benefits from increased investment in attractive structures at a disproportionate rate compared to female function. Even in this instance, though, hermaphroditism may be evolutionarily stable.
Coping mediates the effects of depressive symptoms on sleep problems.

Objectives To explore the relationships of perceived stress and depressive symptoms to sleep problems, testing for mediation by adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. Methods Alternative high school students (N = 1676) completed self-report surveys. Cross-sectional data were analyzed via Preacher and Hayes' procedures for multiple mediation. Results The positive relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep problems was mediated partially by anger coping (positively related to sleep problems). The positive relationship between perceived stress and sleep problems was not mediated by coping strategies. Conclusions Findings provide information on psychological factors that may lead to poor sleep outcomes, and are useful for developing health promotion interventions to impact lifelong health behaviors.
The Study of Small-Angle X-ray Scattering For Molecular Network Fractal Dimension in Low Dimension Silicates

The molecular network mesoscopic structure of low dimension silicates [CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(GCAS)serials gels] has been measured and studied by small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS).The investigating results indicated that the molecular network fractal dimension values(D) reflected the wriggling characterization of quantitative network conformation.The radius of gyration(Rg) described quantitative network aggregation structure scales and polymerization.These parameters of low dimension silicates are of great significance for characterizing,developing and applying of silicate materials.
The Application of UV-Spectrophotometry in Organic Analysis by Two Wavelengths

The organic samples of P-Acetamidophenol and acetanilide with UV- Spectrophotometry in two different wavelengths are analyzed in the paper.The method are rapid ,sensitive, and it is simultaneous determination of P-acetamidophenol and acetanilide in organic samples. Their relative errors are not more than 10% when the standard samples are analysed .The propose method has been applied to the determination of practical samples satisfactory results have been got,too.
If your school and community want the Facts on Juvenile Delinquency

The following material has been prepared as a part of the NEA Project on Juvenile Delinquency, and represents an initial service activity of this project with which the CEC and other NEA departments are cooperating. Reprints of this article may be ordered (30c each) by contacting the Director of Sales, CEC-NEA, 1201 16th Street, N.W., Washington 6, D. C.
Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses on the WISC-V, DAS-II, and KABC-II and Their Relationship to Students’ Errors in Oral Language, Reading, Writing, Spelling, and Math:

This study investigated the relationship between specific cognitive patterns of strengths and weaknesses and the errors children make on oral language, reading, writing, spelling, and math subtests from the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement–Third Edition (KTEA-3). Participants with scores from the KTEA-3 and either the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition (WISC-V), Differential Ability Scales–Second Edition (DAS-II), or Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition (KABC-II) were selected based on their profile of scores. Error factor scores for the oral and written language tests were compared for three groups: High Gc paired with low processing speed, long-term memory, and/or reasoning abilities; Low Gc paired with high speed, memory, and/or reasoning; and Low orthographic and/or phonological processing. Error factor scores for the math tests were compared for three groups: High Gc profile; High Gf paired with low processing speed and/or long-term memory; and Low Gf pair...
Ranolazine in Symptomatic Diabetic Patients Without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Impact on Microvascular and Diastolic Function

BackgroundTreatments for patients with myocardial ischemia in the absence of angiographic obstructive coronary artery disease are limited. In these patients, particularly those with diabetes mellit...
The Systemic Interaction of Attachment on Psychophysiological Arousal in Couple Conflict

Attachment in adult romantic relationships has long been linked to conflict styles. Psychophysiological measures have provided additional insight into this association by accessing less conscious and controlled responses to conflict. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and the interaction between attachment styles on skin conductance responses during conflict and recovery from conflict. Using dyadic analysis of 50 heterosexual couples, we found evidence of a systemic effect of attachment, where psychophysiological arousal increased when one partner had higher levels of attachment anxiety and the other partner had higher levels of attachment avoidance. Attachment avoidance was also negatively associated with increased levels of arousal. Relationship and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Wogonin, a natural flavonoid, intercalates with genomic DNA and exhibits protective effects in IL-1β stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes.

Wogonin has recently been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties and is of considerable interest due to its broad pharmacological activities. The present study highlights that Wogonin binds DNA and exerts chondroprotective effects in vitro. Wogonin showed strong binding with chondrocytes genomic DNA in vitro. The mode of binding of Wogonin to genomic-DNA was assessed by competing Wogonin with EtBr or DAPI, known DNA intercalator and a minor groove binder, respectively. EtBr fluorescence reduced significantly with increase in Wogonin concentration suggesting possible DNA intercalation of Wogonin. Further, in silico molecular docking of Wogonin on mammalian DNA also indicated possible intercalation of Wogonin with DNA. The denaturation and FRET studies revealed that Wogonin prevents denaturation of DNA strands and provide stability to genomic DNA against a variety of chemical denaturants. The cellular uptake study showed that Wogonin enters osteoarthritis chondrocytes and was mainly localized in the nucleus. Wogonin treatment to OA chondrocytes protects the fragmentation of genomic DNA in response to IL-1β as evaluated by DNA ladder and TUNEL assay. Treatment of chondrocytes with Wogonin resulted in significant suppression of IL-1β-mediated induction of ROS. Further, Wogonin exhibited protective potential through potent suppression of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways and induction of anti-apoptotic proteins in IL-1β-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Our data thus suggest that DNA intercalation by Wogonin may result in the stabilization of genomic DNA leading to protective activity.
A practical and effective approach to implementing High Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)

High availability Ethernets are being used for many industrial automation applications, and the adoption of High Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) is gaining strong interests from both the industry and academics as it is able to achieve zero recovery time. This paper presents a simple, practical, and effective implementation of HSR based on Add-Drop-Multiplexer (ADM). A major contribution of the paper is to use polling, instead of the legacy MAC learning process, to build the MAC forwarding table on RedBox and QuadBox. Through our simulation model, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach to (1) avoid loops of broadcast messages, (2) identify redundant packets, and (3) achieve zero recovery time.
Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma located in the CNS. Its clinical presentation can be similar to that of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or tumefactive multiple sclerosis. However, cases of ADEM tend to have a preceding illness and commonly involve systemic symptoms such as fever and weight loss. Imaging shows lesions predominantly in white matter. In contrast, cases of PCNSL present with mono- or multifocal neurological deficits, and imaging shows lesions in supratentorial regions often in contact with ventricular and meningeal surfaces. Diagnosing PCNSL through CSF cytology can be challenging due to the sporadic presence of malignant cells, often requiring multiple lumbar punctures. Thus, brain biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, and it is critical to obtain it prior to the administration of steroids that can alter the pathological findings. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment and usually includes methotrexate in combination with cytarabine, with or without radiation. Prognosis of PCNSL can be poor, but overall survival can be increased with treatment, and most patients achieve at least a partial clinical response.
Exploring alignment among learning progressions, teacher-designed formative assessment tasks, and student growth: Results of a four-year study

This article describes a 4-year study of experienced high school biology teachers’ participation in a five-step professional development experience in which they iteratively studied student ideas w...
Research and Assessment with LGBTQ+ Persons

This Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling (ALGBTIC) special issue is a culmination of 2 years of collective activities centered on increasing the focus and a...
An unusual cause of community-acquired pneumonia.

Abstract We present a case of fatal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rarely reported in the northeastern United States. Previously reported cases originate from tropical and subtropical climates, and infection tends to have an aggressive course with a poor outcome. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy is crucial; however, the associated systemic inflammatory response may overwhelm host defenses, especially in patients with certain co-morbidities.
Assessing the Fairness and Effectiveness of Bicycle Stops in Tampa

This research investigates the fairness and effectiveness of making a large number of bicycle stops as a proactive policing strategy designed to reduce unsafe riding and crime in Tampa, Florida. Pu...
Medical informatics: searching for underlying components.

Objective: To discuss unifying principles that can provide a theory for the diverse aspects of work in medical informatics. If medical informatics is to have academic credibility, it must articulate a clear theory that is distinct from that of computer science or of other related areas of study. Results: The notions of reusable domain ontologies and problem-solving methods provide the foundation for current work on second-generation knowledgebased systems. These abstractions are also attractive for defining the core contributions of basic research informatics. We can understand many central activities within informatics in terms defining, refining, applying, and evaluating domain ontologies and problem-solving methods. Conclusion: Construing work in medical informatics in terms of actions involving ontologies and problemsolving methods may move us closer to a theoretical basis for our field.
Short Q/A

1. All the following are components of or functionally related to the basal ganglia EXCEPT A. caudate nucleus B. red nucleus C. Sub-thalamic nucleus D. putamen E. substantia nigra
Spatter formation during laser beam melting of AlSi10Mg and effects on powder quality

Abstract Cost and resource efficiency of Laser Beam Melting (LBM) highly depend on powder recycling procedures. Non-solidified powder can be sieved and reused in subsequent build cycles. However, due to quality concerns, powder recycling is not commonly practiced. One effect, which can impair the powder quality, lies in the formation and insertion of spatter particles during the melting process. In this paper, spatter particles emerging during LBM of AlSi10Mg are characterized regarding geometric (size, morphology), chemical (alloy composition, oxygen content, oxide layer thickness) properties as well as mass. Spatter particles are collected during the process using two isolation methods. Three types of spatter particles can be differentiated by their formation mechanism. It is found that spatter particles can differ significantly in oxide layer thickness and particle size. A significant share of spatter particles can be segregated by sieving. However, a certain fraction of the spatter particles will be included in the recycled powder.
High neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is associated with poor outcome during immunotherapy treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

e15140Background: Studies have shown that high pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is related to host inflammation and associated with poor outcomes in variety of cancers. This study ...
Nanocomposite of Polyacrylonitrile/Modified Polyethersulfone and Carbon Nano-onion: Effect of Dispersion on Physical Features, Interface and Fracture Behavior

AbstractIn this effort, novel blend of polyacrylonitrile and modified polyethersulfone (PAN/mod-PES) were designed. Two series of nanocomposite were prepared using resin infiltration technique with...
Creating Guided Code Explanations with chat.codes

Effective communication is crucial for instructors and students in programming courses. However, communicating about code can be difficult --- particularly in asynchronous settings where an instructor authors an explanation meant to be read and understood by a student later on. Communicating about code is uniquely difficult for two reasons. First, because of the dichotomous nature of the explanation, which consists of fragments of code and natural language descriptions. Second, instructors' explanations of code often involve modifying code throughout their explanation. This paper introduces chat.codes, a new tool for creating guided explanations about code. chat.codes introduces two features that make it easier to communicate about code. First, it adds deictic code references that allows instructors to write messages that reference specific regions of code. Second, it tracks and summarizes code edits in-line with messages, allowing instructors to create explanations in stages. An evaluation showed that these features were beneficial for both instructors and students.
An Alternate Approach to Changing Sine

A review of standard calculus textbooks, e.g., [2, 10], and [11], reveals a common approach to showing that the derivative of the sine function is the cosine function. This approach is to derive li...
Disparities in Timing of Trauma Consultation: A Trauma Registry Analysis of Patient and Injury Factors

Abstract Background Efficient trauma systems rely on field and emergency department (ED) personnel to triage patients to the appropriate level of care. Undertriage puts patients at risk, whereas overtriage results in system strain. Although much research has focused on prehospital triage, little is known about trauma triage processes within the ED. We investigated the timing of trauma consultation in the ED of a level I trauma center. We hypothesized that patient characteristics and injury type would be associated with time to consultation, with women, Black patients, older patients, and those with head and torso injuries experiencing longer time to consult. Materials and methods Patients aged ≥18 y referred to the trauma service via consultation were recruited retrospectively. Bivariable and multivariable negative binomial regressions were used to assess the association between patient and injury characteristics and time to consult. We used multivariable logistic regression adjusted for patient and injury characteristics to assess for association between time to consult and mortality and length of stay. Results Among 588 adult consult patients, median time to consult was 177 min (interquartile range 106-265). In multivariable analysis, Black patients had longer time to consult (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10, 1.60) as did women (IRR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02, 1.29). Head injury was associated with shorter time to consult (IRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71, 0.92). Time to consult was not associated with mortality or length of stay. Conclusions Patient demographics and injury characteristics influenced the timing of trauma consultation. More robust criteria for equitable evaluation of patients are needed to eliminate disparities, prevent delays, and streamline care.
Colonial Planning and Design of Parks and Gardens in Singapore

British colonial strategic plans influenced Singapore’s planning policy, and in specific urban green-provision, which followed the British public parks movement. The colonial organization of urban form, including public parks and gardens, posed an emphasis on the social and cultural aspect of public space, defining it with urban aesthetics and the expression of governmental order and authority. Landscape was represented and regimented by synoptic objectification (master planning and the perspective view) and by using the aesthetic conventions of the picturesque. The two most influential landscape architecture styles were the English landscape park and the Victorian ‘gardenesque’. However, eastern intellectuals conceptualize pleasure gardens in an eclectic style, expressing an oriental understanding of nature and society.
Frozen fringe explains sediment freeze-on during Heinrich events

Abstract Anomalous coarse-grained sediment layers beneath the North Atlantic likely originated from sediment freeze-on to the base of ice sheets during the last glacial period. These layers represent periods of extreme ice discharge, called Heinrich events, and are variously attributed to ice stream flow instability, ice shelf collapse, or enhanced terminus melting due to ocean warming. In this paper, we study the processes controlling how sediment freezes on to the base of ice streams and predict the volume of sediment conveyed by icebergs during a Heinrich event. The local thickness of frozen sediment is sensitive to the heat flux at the ice-bed interface and the water pressure, both of which also contribute to the controls on basal friction; as the basal water pressure increases, both the frozen sediment thickness and the basal friction decrease. The sediment discharged during a Heinrich event must have frozen on to the ice during the inter-Heinrich period. As the Heinrich event proceeds, the frozen sediment melts off the base of the ice stream, indicating that the thickness of sediments deposits in the North Atlantic may not reliably constrain Heinrich event duration. Choosing reasonable parameters corresponding to the Hudson Strait Ice Stream, our model of sediment freeze-on and discharge is consistent with observational estimates of Heinrich event sediment discharge volume.
Editorial Commentary: Core Muscle Injury: The Anatomy Is Enlightening

Core muscle injuries are being diagnosed with increasing frequency in athletes. Knowledge of the anatomy is key to understanding the pathology. Notably, the origin on the pubis of the majority of adductor long muscles is via direct insertion of the muscle to the bone and not via a tendon, thus making direct repair difficult.
Applying a Multifactorial Communication Framework to Better Understand Differences between Father-daughter and Mother-daughter Sexual Health Discussions

While the literature on parent-child sexual communication among adolescent girls is robust overall, research that is specifically focused on communication between fathers and daughters is more limited. Further, there have been calls for work on parent-child sexual communication to be situated within a multi-factorial conceptual framework that distinguishes between different communication components, such as the communication source, content, frequency, quality, and timing. Using such a framework, this study examined aspects of father-daughter sexual communication as they compare to mother-daughter communication in a diverse sample of 193 girls (Mage = 15.62). Results highlighted several gaps between father-daughter and mother-daughter communication. Girls reported covering less content and communicating less frequently about sexual topics with their fathers compared to their mothers. Girls also reported being less comfortable communicating and found their discussions to be less helpful with fathers than mothers. Girls were also less likely to report communicating with fathers about sexual topics before their sexual debut than with mothers. No significant differences were found in communication style (i.e., conversational or like a lecture) between fathers or mothers. Results highlight the importance of understanding the multifaceted process of parent-child communication and signal the need for targeted intervention efforts to improve upon father-daughter communication.
Invariance of neural representations cannot be validly inferred from neuroimaging decoding studies: Empirical and computational evidence

Many research questions in sensory neuroscience involve determining whether the neural representation of a stimulus property is invariant to some irrelevant stimulus change (e.g., viewpoint-invariant face representation, or modality-invariant object representations). Most neuroimaging studies have studied invariance using operational tests that have only face validity, of which the most popular in recent years is the cross-classification test. A recently proposed theoretical framework suggests that operational tests of invariance commonly used in the neuroimaging literature, such as cross-classification, might lead to invalid conclusions. Here, we provide empirical and computational evidence supporting this theoretical insight. In our empirical study, we use encoding of orientation and spatial position in primary visual cortex as a case study, as previous research has established that these properties are not encoded in an invariant way. In a functional MRI study with human participants of both sexes, we show that the cross-classification test produces false positives, in many cases leading to the conclusion that orientation is encoded invariantly from spatial position, and that spatial position is encoded invariantly from orientation, in primary visual cortex. The results of two simulations further suggest that the test can lead to the conclusion of invariance when no sensible definition of invariance holds at the neural level, and that encoding strategies known to be used in cortex may easily lead to such false positives. On the other hand, we show that it is possible to provide evidence against invariance (i.e., context-dependent or configural encoding) through appropriate theory-driven decoding tests.
Development of Brief Child Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Questions for Electronic Health Record Use.

Background: To develop and test brief nutrition and physical activity screening questions for children ages 2-11 years that could be used as a pragmatic screening tool to tailor counseling, track behavior change, and improve population health. Methods: A literature review identified existing validated questions for nutrition and physical activity behaviors in children ages 2-11 years. Response variation and concurrent validity was then assessed using a mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowdsourcing survey employed in 2018. Additionally, cognitive interviews were conducted with both providers and parents of 2- to 11-year-old children to assess screening question priorities and perceived added value. Results: The literature review identified 260 questions, and 20 items were selected with expert guidance based on prespecified criteria (simplicity and potential utility for both clinical interactions during a well-child exam and population health). MTurk surveys yielded 1147 records that met eligibility criteria and revealed 6 items that had adequate response variation and were significantly correlated with parent-reported child BMI or BMI percentile, exhibiting concurrent validity. Cognitive interviews with 10 providers and 20 parents uncovered themes regarding suggestions and usability of the questions, eliminating 3 items due to parent and provider concerns. Combining quantitative and qualitative results, 3 nutrition and physical activity screening items remained for inclusion into the electronic health record (EHR). Conclusions: The three-pronged validation methodology produced a brief, 3-item child nutrition and physical activity screener to incorporate in the EHR, where it can inform tailored counseling for well-child care and be used to test associations with population health outcomes.
Exploring students’ cultural competence development during a short-term international experience: A Q-sort study

This study was conducted to understand how students’ cultural awareness, knowledge, sensitivity, and communication abilities combine to influence their development of cultural competence. Q methodology (Q) was used to capture the subjectivity and lived experiences of participants of an international experience (IE) and assess the impact of the program on their cultural competence development. When viewed through the lens of the Personal Cultural Competence Enhancement Framework (PCCEF), findings suggested students’ cultural competence development could be interpreted through three typologies: (a) Cultural Learners, (b) Cultural Engagers, and (c) Cultural Samplers. Cultural Leaner students demonstrated new awareness of their limited amounts of cultural knowledge and desired to learn more about other cultures through future travel, but were still apprehensive about engaging and communicating with people from other cultures. Cultural Engagers, on the other hand, expressed greater confidence in stepping out of their comfort zones and communicating in a different language. Lastly, Cultural Samplers demonstrated increased awareness of the benefits of experiencing other cultures and they comforts they have back home, and they expressed a desire to continue traveling abroad in the future. These findings support the use of short-term IE programs as supplemental activities to foster agricultural students’ progression toward cultural competence.