cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Characterization of Novel Rice Plant Kinesin E11

Kinesin is an ATP-driven motor protein that plays important physiological roles in intracellular transport, mitosis and meiosis, control of microtubule dynamics, and signal transduction. Kinesin species derived from vertebrates have been well characterized. In contrast, plant specific kinesin have yet to be adequately characterized. We have previously demonstrated that some kinesins derived from rice plant have unique biochemical characteristic properties and structures. In this study, we characterized biochemical and kinetic properties of another rice plant specific kinesin E11 that belongs to the plant specific At1 subfamily in kinesin-7 family. E11 motor domain was expressed by E.coli expression system and purified with Co-chelate column. The fluorescent ATP analogue, Mant-ATP was employed for the kinetic study. We observed significant FRET between Mant-ATP and intrinsic tryptophan (Trp23) residue in E11. The kinetic parameters were analyzed by monitoring the FRET using stopped flow apparatus. The binding rate and dissociation rate were measured, and compared with those of other rice kinesins and conventional kinesin. The results revealed that the initial binding of ATP to E11 and release of ADP are faster than those of other rice plant specific kinesin. We also examined the motility activity of E11 with in vitro microtubule gliding assay. The motility assay revealed that E11 has relatively higher motor activity than other rice kinesins.
Hierarchical Polar Coding for Achieving Secrecy Over State-Dependent Wiretap Channels Without Any Instantaneous CSI

This paper presents a polar coding scheme to achieve secrecy in block fading binary symmetric wiretap channels without the knowledge of instantaneous channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. For this model, a coding scheme that hierarchically utilizes polar codes is presented. In particular, on the polarization of different binary symmetric channels over different fading blocks, each channel use is modeled as an appropriate binary erasure channel over fading blocks. Polar codes are constructed for both coding over channel uses for each fading block and coding over fading blocks for certain channel uses. In order to guarantee security, random bits are introduced at appropriate places to exhaust the observations of the eavesdropper. It is shown that this coding scheme, without instantaneous CSI at the transmitter, is secrecy capacity achieving for the simultaneous fading scenario. For the independent fading case, the capacity is achieved when the fading realizations for the eavesdropper channel are always degraded with respect to the receiver. For the remaining cases, the gap between lower and upper bounds is analyzed. Remarkably, for the scenarios where the secrecy capacity is achieved, the results imply that the instantaneous CSI does not increase the secrecy capacity.
Mid-ranging control for an automotive three-way catalyst outer loop

As government regulations force stringent automobile emission standards with graceful degradation under various hardware faults and operating environments, accurate feedback control of the engine air-to-fuel ratio has become a key enabler. We present an overview of the automotive three-way catalyst (TWC) control system and discuss challenges associated with development and implementation of a successful feedback controller, including plant and sensor nonlinearities - in use, as well as regulatory On-Board-Diagnostics induced faults, bandwidth restrictions, and constraints such as drivability and noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) considerations. To meet these goals, we modify the conventional mid-ranging control structure for accurate control of the TWC subsystem while simultaneously adhering to drivability and NVH constraints. Vehicle test results are shown exhibiting the controller's capabilities with and without induced faults.
Co-scheduling of flexible energy loads in building clusters

Buildings account for nearly 40% of energy consumption in the United States. To improve energy efficiency and reduce peak demand, intelligent building management systems can be developed to manage the energy consumption of flexible loads such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system an electric vehicle (EV) charging, as well as the usage of energy storage systems such as batteries. In the case where a building cluster is managed by the same institution, coordinating the energy consumption behavior across multiple buildings can provide further benefits in energy efficiency. In this paper, we first invest gate an integrated co-scheduling scheme that uses a joint formulation to optimize the control of HVAC systems, EV charging a d battery storage in multiple buildings for reducing the overall energy cost. Then, we further explore a more efficient heuristic scheme where the shared battery storage and EV charging demand are assigned to each building for separate building-level scheduling. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our co-scheduling scheme and separate-scheduling heuristic in reducing energy cost for building clusters.
Qualitative Analysis of Resources and Barriers Related to Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder in the United States

Objective:Resources and treatment for individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are limited and often difficult to obtain. This article aimed to identify key resources for and barriers to obtaining supportive and treatment services for BPD from the perspective of individuals seeking information or services related to BPD (“BPD care seekers”).Methods:Data came from transcripts of resource requests to the Borderline Personality Disorder Resource Center from January 2008 to December 2015 (N=6,253). Basic statistics, including the type of service requested, demographic information for the BPD care seeker, and national distribution of requests, were generated for all eligible transcripts. Qualitative analysis of a random subset of 500 transcripts was used to identify themes, challenges, and common experiences reported by BPD care seekers.Results:The greatest number of requests for primary services or resources among the random subset of transcripts was for outpatient services (51%), informational ...
Geometry of physical systems on quantized spaces

We present a mathematical model for physical systems. A large class of functions is built through the functional quantization method and applied to the geometric study of the model. Quantized equations of motion along the Hamiltonian vector field are built up. It is seen that the procedure in higher dimension carries more physical information. The metric tensor appears to induce an electromagnetic field into the system and the dynamical nature of the electromagnetic field in curved space arises naturally. In the end, an explicit formula for the curvature tensor in the quantized space is given.
Frequency-Dependent Blanking with Digital Linear Chirp Waveform Synthesis

Wideband radar systems, especially those that operate at lower frequencies such as VHF and UHF, are often restricted from transmitting within or across specific frequency bands in order to prevent interference to other spectrum users. Herein we describe techniques for notching the transmitted spectrum of a generated and transmitted radar waveform. The notches are fully programmable as to their location, and techniques are given that control the characteristics of the notches.
Co3O4/Sm-Doped CeO2/Co3O4 Trilayer Coating on AISI 441 Interconnect for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

In this work, a novel Co/Sm-doped CeO2 (SDC)/Co trilayer of ∼6 μm is deposited by alternating electrodeposition and electrophoresis and oxidized to a Co3O4/SDC/Co3O4 trilayer structure. This coating is unique and effective in the following aspects: (1) The area specific resistance of the coated interconnect is more stable and lower than that of the uncoated interconnect after thermal treatment at 800 °C for 400 h. (2) The Co3O4/SDC/Co3O4 coating layer can effectively inhibit Cr diffusion and evaporation and significantly slow the oxidation rate of the interconnect. (3) The Sm0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe0.8O3 cathode in the electrolyte/cathode/interconnect half-cell retains its initial stoichiometry after 100 h of the thermal treatment. Subsequently, the ohmic resistance RΩ, high frequency polarization resistance RH, and low frequency polarization resistance RL of the half-cell with the Co3O4/SDC/Co3O4 coated interconnect are all smaller than those of the half-cell with the bare interconnect. The Co3O4/SDC/Co3O4 coatin...
Drosophila canopy b is a cochaperone of glycoprotein 93

Drosophila gp93 was identified as the ortholog of the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone gp96. gp93 was found capable of rescuing gp96 client proteins, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and integrins, in a gp96-deficient murine cell line. Mammalian gp96 was further found to require the cochaperone canopy 3 (CNPY3) for proper folding and expression of TLRs, but not integrins. In Drosophila, two possible CNPY family members have been identified but have not yet been characterized. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of Drosophila CNPYa and CNPYb in gp93 biology. Because of higher similarities between CNPY3 and CNPYb, we postulated that CNPYb would be a TLR-specific cochaperone of gp93. Indeed, CNPYb addition in gp93-expressing cells improved TLR expression. CNPYb and gp93 were further found to physically interact. Mutational analysis of cysteine residues in CNPYb identified differential dependence of these cysteines in chaperone function. Our study is the first to characterize Drosophila CNPY molecules. We further uncover more gp93 biology by identifying CNPYb as a cochaperone. A better understanding of this simpler Drosophila system will enable application to the mammalian system, such as has been done with Escherichia coli, yeast, and mammalian HSP90.
Geographic epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma, viral hepatitis, and socioeconomic position in New York City

Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) incidence and mortality rates are increasing in the United States. New York City (NYC) has a high burden of liver cancer risk factors, including hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) infection, which disproportionately affect persons of low socioeconomic position. Identifying neighborhoods with HCC disparities is essential to effectively define targeted cancer control strategies. New York State Cancer Registry data from 1 January 2001 through 31 December 2012 were matched with NYC HCV and HBV surveillance data. HCC data were aggregated to NYC Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs). Moran’s I cluster analysis, Poisson regression, and geographically weighted Poisson regression were used to identify hotspots in HCC incidence and to examine the spatial associations with viral hepatitis rates, poverty, and uninsured status. Among NYC residents, 8,827 HCC cases were diagnosed during 2001–2012. Significant clustering was detected in the HCC rates (Moran’s I = 0.25) with the strongest clustering found in HCC patients with comorbid HCV infection (Moran’s I = 0.47). Poverty and uninsured status were associated (p < 0.05) with increased rates of HCC patients with HBV or HCV infection. Neighborhoods with high rates of HCC without viral hepatitis infection had lower rates of poverty and uninsured status. The geographic variation in HCC highlights the need for neighborhood-targeted interventions to address risk factors and barriers to care. The clusters of HCC by viral hepatitis status may serve as a basis for healthcare policymakers and practitioners to prioritize neighborhoods for cancer screening and control efforts.
Paying a Price for Domestic Equality: Risk Factors for Backlash Against Nontraditional Husbands

For the sake of gender equality, it is vital to determine why husbands who relieve their wives’ domestic burden are stigmatized as “unmanly” (Brescoll and Uhlmann in Psychol Women Q 29(4):436–445, 2005; Rudman and Mescher in J Soc Issues 69(2):322–340, 2013). We used biographical vignettes to examine whether masculinity penalties stem from not earning income (a male prescription) or performing domestic labor (“acting like women”). In Experiment 1, we held husbands’ domestic labor constant but manipulated how much income they earned from home; in Experiment 2, we held husbands’ earnings constant but varied their domestic labor. In Experiment 1, only low-income husbands were stigmatized (e.g., viewed as weaker than comparable wives); successful husbands working from home were spared penalties. In Experiment 2, husbands who performed 50 or 30% of the domestic labor were viewed similarly and more favorably than husbands who did 70%. Thus, across two experiments, men can relieve women’s domestic burden without penalty provided they also earn some income and do not shoulder domestic inequality themselves. These findings are optimistic for domestic and gender equality.
The role of noninvasive cardiovascular testing, applied clinical nutrition and nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease:

Numerous clinical trials suggest that we have reached a limit in our ability to decrease the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) utilizing the traditional diagnostic evaluation, prevention and treatment strategies for the top five cardiovascular risk factors of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity and smoking. About 80% of heart disease (heart attacks, angina, coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure) can be prevented by optimal nutrition, optimal exercise, optimal weight and body composition, mild alcohol intake and avoiding smoking. Statistics show that approximately 50% of patients continue to have CHD or myocardial infarction (MI) despite presently defined 'normal' levels of the five risk factors listed above. This is often referred to as the 'CHD gap'. Novel and more accurate definitions and evaluations of these top five risk factors are required, such as 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (ABM) results, advanced lipid profiles, redefined fasting and 2 h dysglycemia parameters, a focus on visceral obesity and body composition and the effects of adipokines on cardiovascular risk. There are numerous traumatic insults from the environment that damage the cardiovascular system but there are only three finite vascular endothelial responses, which are inflammation, oxidative stress and immune vascular dysfunction. In addition, the concept of translational cardiovascular medicine is mandatory in order to correlate the myriad of CHD risk factors to the presence or absence of functional or structural damage to the vascular system, preclinical and clinical CHD. This can be accomplished by utilizing advanced and updated CV risk scoring systems, new and redefined CV risk factors and biomarkers, micronutrient testing, cardiovascular genetics, nutrigenomics, metabolomics, genetic expression testing and noninvasive cardiovascular testing.
The Development of Rocking among Children who are Blind

This qualitative study of rocking in four children who are blind, aged 10–13, used in-depth interviews, observations, psychomotor assessments, and reviews of school and other records. The findings ...
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAT | Palatability

Meat palatability is defined as meat eating qualities and is related to consumer acceptance. Juiciness, tenderness, and flavor are the three major components. Lipid and fatty acid content, the lean or muscle fiber components, and connective tissue within the muscle contribute to meat palatability. Cooked meat flavor is the result of chemical reactions within the lean and lipid portions during cooking. Off-flavor development is associated with either lipid oxidation or growth of microorganisms. Meat flavor can be measured by either trained or consumer sensory methods, or chemically where volatile compounds are measured.
Outcomes From Conservative Treatment of Shoulder Idiopathic Adhesive Capsulitis and Factors Associated With Developing Contralateral Disease.

Background:Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis is a common condition resulting in painful multidirectional restriction of motion without other identifiable shoulder abnormality. First-line therapies for...
Geometry in the Middle School: Problem Solving with Trapezoids.

An assistant professor of mathematics education at the University of Louisville in Louisville, Kentucky, Diane Thomas teaches undergraduate and graduate mathematics education courses for middle school and high school teachers, and matheatics content courses for preservice elementary teachers. She also supervises secondary athematics student teachers. methods the class used to find the area. We'll also want to see if any of these methods can be applied to find the area of any general trapezoid."
Characterizing the activity of abundant, diverse and active CRISPR-Cas systems in lactobacilli

CRISPR-Cas systems provide immunity against phages and plasmids in bacteria and archaea. Despite the popularity of CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing, few endogenous systems have been characterized to date. Here, we sampled 1,262 publically available lactobacilli genomes found them to be enriched with CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity. While CRISPR-Cas is ubiquitous in some Lactobacillus species, CRISPR-Cas content varies at the strain level in most Lactobacillus species. We identified that Type II is the most abundant type across the genus, with II-A being the most dominant sub-type. We found that many Type II-A systems are actively transcribed, and encode spacers that efficiently provide resistance against plasmid uptake. Analysis of various CRISPR transcripts revealed that guide sequences are highly diverse in terms of crRNA and tracrRNA length and structure. Interference assays revealed highly diverse target PAM sequences. Lastly, we show that these systems can be readily repurposed for self-targeting by expressing an engineered single guide RNA. Our results reveal that Type II-A systems in lactobacilli are naturally active in their native host in terms of expression and efficiently targeting invasive and genomic DNA. Together, these systems increase the possible Cas9 targeting space and provide multiplexing potential in native hosts and heterologous genome editing purpose.
Reid’s View of Memorial Conception

Thomas Reid believed that the human mind is well equipped, from infancy, to acquire knowledge of the external world, with all its objects, persons and events. There are three main faculties that ar...
Does aggressive treatment in pediatric melanoma improve survival? A comparison of melanoma treatment and prognosis by age.

e21563Background: As pediatric melanoma is rare, treatment strategies are largely influenced by adult guidelines despite known clinicopathologic and prognostic differences between pediatric and adu...
Rates of Mortality in Lumbar Spine Surgery and Factors Associated With Its Occurrence Over a 10-Year Period: A Study of 803,949 Patients in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

ABSTRACT Background: The rate of mortality in surgical procedures involving the lumbar spine has historically been low, and as a result, there has been difficulty providing accurate quantitative mortality rates to patients in the preoperative planning phase. Awareness of these mortality rates is essential in reducing postoperative complications and improving outcomes. Additionally, mortality rates can be influenced by procedure type and patient profile, including demographics and comorbidities. The purpose of this study is to assess rates and risk factors associated with mortality in surgical procedures involving the lumbar spine using a large national database. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was reviewed from 2003 to 2012. A total of 803,949 patients age 18 years or older were identified by ICD-9CM procedure codes for spinal fusion or decompression of the lumbar spine. Mortality was stratified based on type of procedure (simple or complex fusion, decompression), patient demographics and comorbidities, and in-hospital complications. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the risk of death while controlling for comorbidities, race, sex, and procedure performed. Significance was defined as P Results: Mortality for all patients requiring surgery of the lumbar spine was 0.13%. Mortality based on procedure type was 0.105% for simple fusions, 0.321% for complex fusions, and 0.081% for decompression only. Increased mortality was observed demographically in patients who were male (odds ratio [OR]: 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–2.03), black (OR: 1.40; CI: 1.10–1.79), ages 65–74 (OR: 1.46; CI: 1.25–1.70), and age 75+ (OR: 2.70; CI: 2.30–3.17). Comorbidities associated with the greatest increase in mortality were mild (OR: 10.04; CI: 7.76–13.01) and severe (OR: 26.47; CI: 16.03–43.70) liver disease and congestive heart failure (OR: 4.57; CI: 3.77–5.53). The complications with the highest mortality rates were shock (OR: 20.67; CI: 13.89–30.56) and pulmonary embolism (OR: 20.15; CI: 14.01–29.00). Conclusions: From 2003 to 2012, the overall mortality rate in 803,949 lumbar spine surgery patients was 0.13%. Risk factors that were significantly associated with increased mortality rates were male gender, black race, and ages 65–74 and 75+. Comorbidities associated with an increased mortality rate were mild and severe liver disease and congestive heart failure. Inpatient complications with the highest mortality rates were shock and pulmonary embolism. These findings can be helpful to surgeons providing preoperative counseling for patients considering elective lumbar procedures and for allocating resources to treat and prevent perioperative complications leading to mortality. Level of Evidence: 3.
The Lone Ranger, Tonto, and Katherine: What Is the Script for a Senior Faculty Member?:

The qualitative methodological approach of autoethnography is used to compose a narrative relating to my experiences at this stage in my career. More specifically, my inner thoughts as a senior fac...
Quantitative Measures of Motor Function in children with Duplications of 15q11.3–13.1 (Dup15q Syndrome) and Typically Developing (TD) Children (P1.309)

Objective: To compare quantitative measures of gait (QMG), including stride width, cadence (steps/minute), and gait variability index (GVI), in children with Dup15q Syndrome and typically developing (TD) children and to evaluate the relationship between QMG and social communication. Background: Motor skills are critical for the development of complex social behaviors and overall cognitive development (Iverson, 2010, Karasik, 2012). Motor impairments, specifically in gait, are prevalent in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and represent an important area for intervention to improve functional outcomes. This study quantifies kinematic variables of gait in children with Dup15q Syndrome, the most common copy number variant associated with ASD and highly penetrant for motor delays (DiStefano, 2016). We also compare QMG to social communication using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Design/Methods: 28 children with Dup15q Syndrome ages 3–15 years completed 4 gait trials on the Protokinetics Zeno Walkway. QMG were extracted with focus on mean cadence, stride width, and GVI. Differences in QMG between Dup15q syndrome and TD (based on normative gait data) were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Correlations were used to determine the relationship between QMG and SRS. Results: Significant differences were seen in stride width (p Conclusions: Dup15q syndrome children throughout all ages showed abnormalities in gait function. Greater motor dysfunction characterized by increased stride width and decreased cadence showed greater impairments in social communication. These findings establish feasibility of these motor measures and emphasize their potential value as biomarkers in Dup15q syndrome. Use of QMG can aid in clinical stratification, treatment targets, and meaningful outcome measures of clinical trials in ASD. Study Supported by: NICHD: UCLA Center for Translational Research in Neurodevelopment Disclosure: Dr Bhatt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dickinson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hyde has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rallipalli has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dahlerbruch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rocha has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jeste has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Hoffmann-La Roche Pharmaceuticals.
The CMUnited-98 Champion Small-Robot Team

In this chapter, we present the main research contributions of our champion CMUnited-98 small robot team. The team is a multiagent robotic system with global perception, and distributed cognition and action. We describe the main features of the hardware design of the physical robots, including differential drive, robust mechanical structure, and a kicking device. We briefly review the CMUnited-98 global vision processing algorithm, which is the same as the one used by the previous champion CMUnited-97 team. We introduce our new robot motion algorithm which reactively generates motion control to account for the target point, the desired robot orientation, and obstacle avoidance. Our robots exhibit successful collision-free motion in the highly dynamic robotic soccer environment. At the strategic and decision-making level, we present the role-based behaviors of the CMUnited-98 robotic agents. Team collaboration is remarkably achieved through a new algorithm that allows for team agents to anticipate possible collaboration opportunities. Robots position themselves strategically in open positions that increase passing opportunities. The chapter terminates with a summary of the results of the RoboCup-98 games in which the CMUnited-98 small robot team scored a total of 25 goals and suffered 6 goals in the 5 games that it played.
Towards Adaptive Replication for Hot/Cold Blocks in HDFS using MemCached

With the advancement of ever-growing online services, distributed Big Data storage i.e. Hadoop, Dryad gained much more attention than ever and the fundamental requirements like fault tolerance and data availability become the concern for these platforms. Data replication policies in Big Data applications are shifting towards dynamic approaches based on the popularity of files. Formulation of dynamic replication factor paved the way of solving the issues generated by existing data contention in hotspots and ensuring timely data availability. But from the empirical observations, it can be deduced that popularity of files is temporal rather than perpetual in nature and, after a certain period, content's popularity ceases most of the time which introduces the I/O bottleneck of updating replication in the disk. To handle such temporal skewed popularity of contents, we propose a dynamic data replication toolset using the power of in-memory processing by integrating MemCached server into Hadoop for getting improved performance. We compare the proposed algorithm with the traditional infrastructure and vanilla memory algorithm, as the evidence from the experimental results, the proposed design performs better i.e throughput and execution period.
A Patch Model Based on Numerical Solutions of Maxwell Equations for GNSS-R Land Applications

The Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) for land applications have attracted considerable attention. Prior models include the coherent model and incoherent models. There are big differences between these two models. In this paper, we propose a patch model with NMM3D (Numerical Maxwell model of 3D simulations). The models take effects of multiple elevations of land surfaces into account. Results are compared with 1) coherent model, 2) incoherent model, and (3) numerical Kirchhoff simulator (KA simulator). Results of the patch model are consistent with those of KA simulator and have many dB difference with coherent and incoherent model.
Living with the Unknown: A Qualitative Study of Parental Experience of Prognostic Uncertainty in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective This study aims to characterize the experience of prognostic uncertainty for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents. Study Design We conducted a qualitative interview study of current and former NICU parents regarding their experience with prognostic uncertainty in the NICU. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory methodology. Results Twenty-four parents were interviewed before achieving thematic saturation. Three phases of the parental experience of prognostic uncertainty emerged: shock, gray daze, and looking forward. These phases often, but not always, occurred sequentially. In shock, parents felt overwhelmed by uncertainty and were unable to visualize a future for their family. In gray daze, parents felt frustrated by the continued uncertainty. While accepting the possibility of a future for their family, they could not conceptualize a path by which to achieve it. In looking forward, parents accepted uncertainty as inevitable and incorporated it into their vision of the future. Conclusion While each parent experienced the prognostic uncertainty in the neonatal intensive care unit in their own way, we found three common experiential phases. By understanding how a parent experiences prognostic uncertainty in these phases, providers may become better able to communicate and form therapeutic relationships with parents.
Block Triangulation by Bundles and Stereo-Units

Tests were run on simulated and real block data to evaluate the comparative accuracies of bundle and independent unit block triangulation. Cases run using the ISP simulated test block were: bundles, pairs, triplets overlapping by one photograph, and triplets overlapping by two photographs with and without the perspective centers being pass points. The bundle method was superior using the data with random errors only, while the units were slightly better for the data with random plus systematic errors. Cases run using the U.S. Geological Survey, Middleburg, Va. real data test block included those run with simulated data and also quadruplets overlapping by one photograph. The horizontal accuracy results of the bundle method were essentially the same as those from units. For vertical accuracy, the bundle was slightly better in all cases except for the quadruplets, where it was slightly worse.
Accelerated Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging via Deep Learning

In this paper, we propose a framework for accelerated reconstruction of 2D phase contrast magnetic resonance images from undersampled k-space domain by using deep learning methods. Undersampling in k-space violates Nyquist Sampling and creates artifacts in the image domain. In the proposed method, we consider the reconstruction problem as a de-aliasing problem in complex spatial domain. To test the proposed method, from fully sampled k-space data undersampling in k-space was performed in the phase-encode direction based on a probability density function which ensures maximum rate of sampling in low frequency regions. For the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) we chose the U-net architecture. The proposed CNN was trained and tested on 4D flow MRI data in 14 subjects with aortic stenosis. The reconstructed complex two channel image showed that the U-net is able to unaliase the undersampled flow images with resulting magnitude and phase difference images showing good agreement with the fully sampled magnitude and phase images. We show that the proposed method outperforms 2D compressed sensing approach of spatial total variation regularization method. Flow waveforms derived from reconstructed images closely follow flow waveforms derived from the original data. Moreover, the method is computationally fast. Each 2D magnitude and phase image is reconstructed within a second using a single GPU.
Blurring Boundaries: A New Way to Secure Approximate Computing Systems

Approximate computing (AC) techniques have been widely used to improve the performance of computing systems by trading off accuracy. However, recent literature projects that the utilization of approximation could bring in new security threats to computing systems. This work presents two practical attacks on the AC systems for multilayer perceptron (MLP) and Sobel algorithm based image edge detection. The case studies in this work indicate that the approximation mechanism in AC systems can be exploited to conduct stealthy attacks, which suddenly cause significant degradation in accuracy and lead to unpredictable primary outputs. To address the emerging threats on AC systems, this work proposes to blur the boundary between approximate and precise computing submodules in AC systems. This new defense method obscures that boundary with three obfuscation schemes such that adversary could not easily identify the right target to precisely perform hardware tampering attacks. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the attack success rate.
40 W, 780 nm laser system with compensated dual beam splitters for atom interferometry.

We demonstrate a narrow-linewidth 780 nm laser system with up to 40W power and a frequency modulation bandwidth of 230 MHz. Efficient overlap on nonlinear optical elements combines two pairs of phase-locked frequency components into a single beam. Serrodyne modulation with a high-quality sawtooth waveform is used to perform frequency shifts with >96.5% efficiency over tens of megahertz. This system enables next-generation atom interferometry by delivering simultaneous, Stark-shift-compensated dual beam splitters while minimizing spontaneous emission.
Altered Parvalbumin Basket Cell Terminals in the Cortical Visuospatial Working Memory Network in Schizophrenia.

Abstract Background Visuospatial working memory (vsWM), which is commonly impaired in schizophrenia, involves information processing across the primary visual cortex, association visual cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Within these regions, vsWM requires inhibition from parvalbumin-expressing basket cells (PVBCs). Here, we analyzed indices of PVBC axon terminals across regions of the vsWM network in schizophrenia. Methods For 20 matched pairs of subjects with schizophrenia and unaffected comparison subjects, tissue sections from the primary visual cortex, association visual cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and DLPFC were immunolabeled for PV, the 65- and 67-kDa isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) that synthesize GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), and the vesicular GABA transporter. The density of PVBC terminals and of protein levels per terminal was quantified in layer 3 of each cortical region using fluorescence confocal microscopy. Results In comparison subjects, all measures, except for GAD65 levels, exhibited a caudal-to-rostral decline across the vsWM network. In subjects with schizophrenia, the density of detectable PVBC terminals was significantly lower in all regions except the DLPFC, whereas PVBC terminal levels of PV, GAD67, and GAD65 proteins were lower in all regions. A composite measure of inhibitory strength was lower in subjects with schizophrenia, although the magnitude of the diagnosis effect was greater in the primary visual, association visual, and posterior parietal cortices than in the DLPFC. Conclusions In schizophrenia, alterations in PVBC terminals across the vsWM network suggest the presence of a shared substrate for cortical dysfunction during vsWM tasks. However, regional differences in the magnitude of the disease effect on an index of PVBC inhibitory strength suggest region-specific alterations in information processing during vsWM tasks.
Variation in the use of genomic testing in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

e15557Background: Oncology has greatly benefited from the use of clinical genomics to aid diagnostic and treatment decisions. To inform targeted therapy, standard practice dictates molecular testin...
Rapid Instrumental Analysis of Lipid Oxidation Products

The oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids initially involves the formation of their hydroperoxides. Once these products are formed, they can be decomposed or further oxidized to secondary products such as alcohols, acids, ketones, and aldehydes that are capable of reacting with other constituents of food such as amino acids, proteins, enzymes, and vitamins. These reactions can have an adverse affect on the nutritive value and quality of their respective foods. Additionally, as witnessed in other chapters of this book, the free radicals generated by the oxidative mechanisms have been implicated in reactions that can lead to pathological changes in animal and human tissue.
Online Student Services in American Higher Education: Contemporary Issues and Future Implications

This study examined the way in which the top 100 "most wired" colleges and universities provide online student services. Named by a national publication in May 1998, these colleges and universities were chosen because of their technological infrastructure, courses offered online, public computers on campus, and online student services, among other aspects.
SLP-76 is required for optimal CXCR4-stimulated T lymphocyte firm arrest to ICAM-1 under shear flow

Rapid arrest of T cells at target sites upon engagement of chemokine receptors is crucial to the proper functioning of the immune system. Although T-cell arrest always occurs under hydrodynamic forces in vivo, most studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of arrest have been performed under static conditions. While the requirement of the adapter protein SLP-76 (Src homology 2-domain containing leukocyte-specific phosphoprotein of 76 kDa) in TCR-induced integrin activation has been demonstrated, its role in chemokine-triggered T-cell adhesion is unknown. Using a flow chamber system, we show that SLP-76 plays an important role in regulating the transition from tethering and rolling to firm adhesion of T cells under physiological shear flow in response to CXCL12α (stromal cell-derived factor-1α); SLP-76-deficient primary T cells exhibited defective adhesion with a significant decrease in the number of firmly arrested cells. We further demonstrate the N-terminal phosphotyrosines of SLP-76 play a critical role in T-cell adhesion under flow. These findings reveal a novel role for SLP-76 in CXCR4-mediated T lymphocyte trafficking.
Multiple mannosyl transferases in Cryptococcus laurentii

A particle-bound enzyme preparation from the fungus imperfectus Cryptococcus laurentii var. flavescens (NRRL Y-1401) catalyzes transfer of mannosyl units from GDP-mannose to mono- and oligosaccharide acceptors. Four separate enzymes can be differentiated by some or all of the following criteria: pH optimum, Km values for GDP-mannose, acceptor specificity, heat lability, metal ion requirement, and cross inhibition. These four enzymes catalyze the formation of four distinct mannosyl linkages, namely mannosyl-α-1,2-mannosyl (Enzyme I); mannosyl-α-1, 6-mannosyl (Enzyme II); mannosyl-α-1,3-mannosyl (Enzyme III); mannosyl-xylosyl (Enzyme IV). The occurrence of at least two of these linkages in cell wall heteropolysaccharides of C. laurentii suggests involvement of at least two, and possibly all four of these enzymes in cell wall biosynthesis of this organism.
Expressive behavior and language patterns.

(1955). Expressive Behavior and Language Patterns. Psychiatry: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 353-366.
Observations of a Propagating Disturbance in TRACE

TRACE observations from 13 June 1998 in 171 and 195 A wavelengths show a propagating disturbance, initiated near the origin of a C-class flare. The wave moves through and disrupts diffuse, overarching coronal loops. Only these overlying structures are affected by the wave; lower-lying coronal structures are unperturbed. The front does not appear in contemporaneous Lyman-α observations. The disturbance creates two types of displacement: (1) that of the wave front itself, and (2) those of large anchored magnetic structures, which ‘bob’ due to the wave and show transverse velocities an order of magnitude smaller than those of the front. Comparisons between the 171 and 195 A data show that the front appears differently at different temperatures. Observations in 171 A (approx. 0.95 MK) show strong displacement of individual magnetic structures, while 195 A (approx. 1.4 MK) data reveals a strong wave front and associated dimming but resolve much less structural motion. There is also strong evidence of heating in the material engulfed by the wave front, and comparisons of the 171 and 195 A data allow us to constrain the temperature of the plasma through which the wave is propagating to 1–1.4 MK. Examination of the trajectories and velocities of points along the front suggests that the disturbance is Alfvenic in nature but contains a compressive component. This is best explained by a fast-mode magnetoacoustic wave. A comparison of the motion of anchored structures to that of the wave front gives a constraint on pulse width. Comparisons with contemporaneous SOHO-EIT full-disk 195 A data show evidence that the disturbance is contained within a set of transequatorial field lines, such that it propagates from a southern active region to a northern one with no extensive motion to the east or west. The associated transequatorial loops display residual motion for about a hour after they are initially disturbed. These results, coupled with the deflection of wave trajectories, lead us to speculate on field strength differences between the transequatorial loops and the region in the TRACE field of view.
Optimizing powder metallurgy methods: Effects of carbon nanotube dispersal mechanisms on mechanical properties of aluminium/carbon nanotube composites

The influence of carbon nanotube dispersion techniques (surfactant-assisted dispersion, ultrasonication and magnetic stirring) and surface functionalization of carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of nanocomposites fabricated via powder metallurgy techniques is characterized. Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersed using a combination of techniques results in Al/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube composites with excellent microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties. Nonfunctionalized carbon nanotubes dispersed using zwitterionic surfactants show good dispersion patterns on Al powder surfaces and results in composites with good strength and relative densities are also obtained. Carbon nanotubes dispersed solely via shear mixing techniques resulted in highly embrittled composites with poor microstructure. Also discussed in this study is the usefulness of scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with image analysis techniques in characterizing porosity in Al/carbon nanotub...
Helmets, head injury and concussion in sport

Research on the mechanism of concussion in recent years has been focused on the mechanism of injury as well as strategies to minimize or reverse injury. Sports-related head injury research has led to the development of head protective gear that has evolved over the years. Headgears have been designed to protect athletes from skull fractures, subdural hemorrhages and concussions. Over the years, through experience of athletes and continued scientific research, improvements in helmet design have been made. Although these advances have decreased the number of catastrophic injuries throughout sports, the effects on concussions are promising, but largely unproven. In this review, we will discuss development of helmets and studies analyzing their level of protection for both concussion and head injury. This will help us understand what future developments are still needed to minimize the risk of concussion among athletes in various forms of sports.
High frequency time series analysis and prediction using Markov models

There has been a surge in interest in the analysis and prediction of high frequency time series in recent years. We consider the problem of predicting the direction of change in tick data of the U.S. dollar/Swiss Franc exchange rate. To accomplish this, we show that a Markov model can find regularities in certain local regions of the data and can be used to predict the direction of the next tick. Predictability seems to decrease in more recent years. With transaction costs, the model is unlikely to be profitable.
The symbiotic defect of Rhizobium meliloti exopolysaccharide mutants is suppressed by lpsZ+, a gene involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.

Abstract exo mutants of Rhizobium meliloti SU47, which fail to secrete acidic extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), induce Fix- nodules on alfalfa. However, mutants of R. meliloti Rm41 carrying the same exo lesions induce normal Fix+ nodules. We show that such induction is due to a gene from strain Rm41, which we call lpsZ+, that is missing in strain SU47. lpsZ+ does not restore EPS production but instead alters the composition and structure of lipopolysaccharide. In both SU47 and Rm41, either lpsZ+ or exo+ is sufficient for normal nodulation. This suggests that in R. meliloti EPS and lipopolysaccharide can perform the same function in nodule development.
Working WIN into ITU-T

Summary form only given, as follows. Intelligent Network concepts for wireless are being worked in the Wireless Intelligent Network Task Group within TR45.2. These concepts expand the current IN requirements found in ITU-T, both in IN-CS-2 and in FPLMTS. It is important to integrate these ideas into the IN community at an international level since wireless networks are growing all around the globe and international roaming is a primary driver for new services. This talk addresses some of the new concepts needed for wireless and how they are bing introduced in ITU-T.
Dynamics of the fcc Heisenberg antiferromagnet with nearest-neighbor interactions. II. Dilute arrays

We report the results of a study of the dynamics of the site-dilute face-centered-cubic Heisenberg antiferromagnet with nearest-neighbor interactions. Numerical techniques are used to obtain information about the effect of dilution on the distributions of local fields in the various equilibrium spin configurations. Spin excitations are studied within the framework of a linearized magnon theory. The density of magnon modes is determined for 50% dilution and compared with the corresponding results for the fully occupied lattice and an antiferromagnet with type-III long-range order. The equations of motion for the spins are integrated to obtain the dynamic structure factor. The peaks in the dynamic structure factor indicate the existence of damped spin waves which mirror the short-range-order characteristic of the fully occupied lattice. We find no evidence for weakly damped, long-wavelength hydrodynamic spin waves. The relation of the work to experimental studies of the dilute semiconductors ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}c}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{c}\mathrm{Te}$, ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{1\ensuremath{-}c}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{c}\mathrm{Te}$, and ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}c}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{c}\mathrm{Te}$ is commented on.
Origins of aggregation quenching in luminescent phenylenevinylene polymers

We measure transient absorption, gain and bleaching of a model conjugated polymer in solution where aggregation of the polymer has been deliberately controlled. Evidence is presented that photoexcitation of aggregated polymer chains leads to creation of interchain non-emissive polaron pairs in large quantum yield. This is shown to be consistent with film behavior and accounts for low luminescence quantum yields in the solid state. It also explains the recent reports of rapidly formed species with characteristic infrared active vibrations. Our data support a picture where polaron pairs mostly recombine to form the ground state directly, in stark contrast to their presumed recombination mechanism in electroluminescent devices where they have been postulated to form only excited singlet and triplet states.