cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of filtration combustion in a packed bed

Filtration combustion involves exothermic reactions within a porous matrix. The combustion of gaseous fuel and oxidizer filtrating through an inert matrix is one example of filtration combustion. Low velocity filtration combustion, in which the speed of the reaction front is less than 1 mm/s, differs substantially from homogeneous premixed combustion. In this paper, we investigate the low-velocity filtration combustion reaction of lean methane/air mixtures flowing through a packed bed and compare to experimental results. Our one-dimensional model includes gas-phase transport, radiation, interphase heat exchange, and solid conduction. Reaction is represented with a complete methane/air kinetics mechanism. Our results for solid temperature agree well with experiments for a mixture with an equivalence ratio of 0.15. Consistent with the existing theory on filtration combustion, we determined that gas-phase transport is not important to wave propagation at this condition. Gas-phase dispersion is important only at higher equivalence ratios. Over a wide range of equivalence ratios, the computed wave speeds show the same trends as the theoretical predictions but are generally higher.
On the completeness of ensembles of motion planners for decentralized planning

We provide a set of sufficient conditions to establish the completeness of an ensemble of motion planners-that is, a set of loosely-coupled motion planners that produce a unified result. The planners are assumed to divide the total planning problem across some parameter space(s), such as task space, state space, action space, or time. Robotic applications have employed ensembles of planners for decades, although the concept has not been formally unified or analyzed until now. We focus on applications in multi-robot navigation and collision avoidance. We show that individual resolutionor probabilistically-complete planners that meet certain communication criteria constitute a (respectively, resolution- or probabilistically-) complete ensemble of planners. This ensemble of planners, in turn, guarantees that the robots are free of deadlock, livelock, and starvation.
Identification of polypeptides encoded by the replication region of resistance factor R100

Abstract Several polypeptides encoded by the resistance factor R100 were synthesized in a DNA-dependent protein synthesis system using a miniplasmid derived from R100 as a template. Nine polypeptides were detected. The locations of the genes for these polypeptides were investigated by using DNA restriction fragments as templates, and also by examining the effect of restriction endonuclease digestion of these templates on the synthesis of the polypeptides. The genes for seven of the polypeptides were identified or located by comparing the results with the known nucleotide sequence and restriction map of this region. Three of the polypeptides appeared to be encoded by the rep A1, rep A2 and rep A3 genes, which are located in the region required for the replication of R100 and the expression of incompatibility. Four of the polypeptides were encoded by regions that are not required for the autonomous replication of R100 in Escherichia coli . One is the gene product of fin O, which regulates the expression of the tra genes on R100. The miniplasmid used for these experiments carried one ISI sequence that has three potential genes. However, no polypeptide was detected that could be clearly demonstrated to be encoded by ISI.
White-light interferometry using a channeled spectrum. 2. Calibration methods, numerical and experimental results

In the companion paper, [Appl. Opt. 46, 5853 (2007)] a highly accurate white light interference model was developed from just a few key parameters characterized in terms of various moments of the source and instrument transmission function. We develop and implement the end-to-end process of calibrating these moment parameters together with the differential dispersion of the instrument and applying them to the algorithms developed in the companion paper. The calibration procedure developed herein is based on first obtaining the standard monochromatic parameters at the pixel level: wavenumber, phase, intensity, and visibility parameters via a nonlinear least-squares procedure that exploits the structure of the model. The pixel level parameters are then combined to obtain the required "global" moment and dispersion parameters. The process is applied to both simulated scenarios of astrometric observations and to data from the microarcsecond metrology testbed (MAM), an interferometer testbed that has played a prominent role in the development of this technology.
On the low temperature magnetic properties of some sulfites of divalent iron

Zero field Mossbauer spectra and powder susceptibility measurements show that the condensed, hydrogen bonded network compound FeSO3 3H2O orders antiferromagnetically (TNeel ∼9.5 K). The related anhydrous material FeSO3 also shows antiferromagnetic exchange but no evidence of long range three-dimenstional magnetic order to as low as ∼1.4 K.
Phase I trial of outpatient weekly docetaxel, carboplatin and concurrent thoracic radiation therapy for stage III unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer: a Vanderbilt cancer center affiliate network (VCCAN) trial

Abstract Purpose: Docetaxel, an active agent for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has demonstrated activity as a radiosensitizer in numerous pre-clinical studies. We conducted a phase I trial to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of weekly Docetaxel, Carboplatin with concurrent thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. Patients and methods: In this phase I clinical trial, Docetaxel was administered weekly as a 1-h intravenous infusion for 6 weeks with a starting dose of 20 mg/m 2 . Docetaxel doses were escalated by 10 mg/m 2 increments in successive cohorts of three patients. DLT was defined as grade ≥3 nonhematologic and hematologic toxicity according to RTOG toxicity criteria. Once the DLT of Docetaxel alone was reached, weekly Carboplatin (AUC 2) was added at a DLT-2 dose of Docetaxel (two dose levels below that of dose limiting toxicity). Docetaxel doses were again escalated at 10 mg/m 2 increments in successive cohorts of three new patients to define further DLT and MTD of Docetaxel/Carboplatin with TRT. TRT was administered to the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes (40 Gy) followed by a boost to the tumor (20 Gy). Results: Fifteen patients were entered onto this study with Docetaxel alone through three dose escalations (from 20 to 40 mg/m 2 weekly). The DLT of weekly Docetaxel/TRT was esophagitis and the MTD was 30 mg/m 2 per week for 6 weeks. Nine more patients were added with the Docetaxel/Carboplatin/TRT regimen. The DLT of weekly Docetaxel/Carboplatin with TRT was esophagitis and the MTD of Docetaxel was 20 mg/m 2 per week with weekly Carboplatin (AUC 2). There were 2 complete responses and 13 partial responses in 25 evaluable patients (RR 60%). Conclusions: This combination regimen has activity with manageable toxicity in patients with stage III NSCLC. A phase II study is planned to define activity.
Partitioned prostate cancer prevalence estimates: an informative measure of the disease burden

STUDY OBJECTIVES—Public health burden of disease is often measured using prevalence statistics. Prevalence of invasive prostate cancer in the United States is presented according to age at diagnosis, time from diagnosis, geographical area, and two races (white and black). DESIGN—Invasive prostate cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute is used for obtaining prevalence estimates. MAIN RESULTS—Despite falling prostate cancer incidence rates, the prevalence of this disease continues to rise for both white and black men. Black men diagnosed at ages 60 years and older experience lower levels of prevalence of prostate cancer than white men because of poorer survival and a smaller proportion of black men living to older ages where the disease becomes common. Black men require fewer years of follow up than white men to capture over 99% of prevalent cases (that is, 14 years versus 16 years, respectively). Prevalence estimates in the United States are traditionally based on Connecticut data. On 1 January 1997, United States prostate cancer prevalence estimates based on Connecticut are overestimated for white men and underestimated for black men. CONCLUSIONS—Partitioned prevalence estimates may provide a more meaningful and informative measure of the disease burden than conventional prevalence estimates. Prostate cancer prevalence estimates based on SEER rather than Connecticut data are better representative of the United States. Keywords: chronic conditions; life expectancy; health care; survival
Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia

Children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) have a poor outcome, with survival in a minority of patients. The major limitation on success of sibling donor bone marrow transplantation for JMML has been reported to be relapse. A total of 46 children with a diagnosis of JMML underwent unrelated donor marrow (URD) transplantation facilitated by the National Marrow Donor Program. Forty-three of 46 patients had neutrophil engraftment at a median of 20 d post transplant, with platelet recovery in 28 of 40 evaluable patients at a median of 34.5 d. Thirty-two of 44 evaluable patients developed acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) (Grades 2-4) and chronic GVHD developed in 14 of 35 evaluable patients. At a median follow-up of 2.0 years, probabilities of survival and disease-free survival were 42% and 24% respectively. The probability of relapse was 58% at 2 years and represents the major cause of treatment failure. Multivariate analysis revealed that chronic GVHD was associated with reduced relapse [risk ratio 0.20 (95% CI 0.04-1.02, P=0.05)] improved survival [risk ratio 0.13 (95% CI 0.03-0.68, P=0.02)] and event-free survival [risk ratio 0.23 (95% CI 0.06-0.94, P=0.04)]. This study demonstrates that relapse is the major cause of treatment failure in patients with JMML undergoing URD transplantation. With lower relapse observed in patients with chronic GVHD, new treatment strategies that focus on enhancing the graft-versus-leukaemia effect may improve survival.
Model Exit in a Vertically Differentiated Market: Interfirm Competition versus Intrafirm Cannibalization in the Computer Hard Disk Drive Industry

What characteristics of a product’s local market make its withdrawal more likely? This study investigates the importance of intrafirm “cannibalization” of a product’s demand by products manufactured by the same firm versus interfirm competition from others’ products. While both forces impact product withdrawal, cannibalization has a more robust and significant effect. Hedonic price regressions also reveal higher discounting of older models’ quality-adjusted prices, strengthening the argument for caution when treating list prices as proxies for transaction prices.
Socialization of professionals in high-technology firms

Abstract The study of socialization and its processes has only recently been applied to organizations to investigate the manner in which new employees adjust to corporate culture. Past studies have examined the nature of human resource development from an individual perspective. Research in socialization practices represents an organizational approach towards understanding the manner in which new employees adjust to their roles. This study examines the impact of socialization practices on the nature of this role adjustment in the context of high-technology firms. One hundred and sixty newly-hired professionals in high-technology firms were surveyed to examine the relationship between organizational socialization tactics and adjustment variables such as role orientation, job commitment, and role clarity. Results suggest that socialization practices affect professional role adjustment. Specifically, institutionalized socialization tactics lead to a custodial role orientation and individualized socialization tactics produce an innovative role orientation. Further, demographic similarity was found to moderate this relationship; i.e., custodial roles were more prominent in newcomers with high demographic similarity. Implications for future human resource management in high-technology firms and research in this area are discussed.
A cis-acting transcription element of the c-myc gene can assume an H-DNA conformation

I have used chemical probes and an oligonucleotide-association assay to determine the structure of a nuclease-sensitive, c-myc DNA region. I find that this DNA region can form a triplex-single stranded conformer in vitro--the H-DNA conformer. This DNA region has been shown previously to be a positive, cis-acting transcription element of the c-myc gene and to bind nuclear factors, including a base-paired ribonucleoprotein. Therefore, H-DNA may be a functionally important in vivo topoisomer where the H-DNA and B-DNA conformers have different transcriptional activities.
Development by Design in Western Australia: Overcoming Offset Obstacles

Biodiversity offsets can be an important tool for maintaining or enhancing environmental values in situations where development is sought despite negative environmental impacts. There are now approximately 45 compensatory mitigation programs for biodiversity impacts worldwide, with another 27 programs in development. While offsets have great potential as a conservation tool, their establishment requires overcoming a number of conceptual and methodological hurdles. In Australia, new policy changes at the national and state (i.e., Western Australia) level require that offsets follow a set of general principles: (1) Environmental offsets may not be appropriate for all projects and will only be considered after avoidance and mitigation options have been pursued; (2) Environmental offsets will be based on sound environmental information and knowledge; (3) Establishing goals for offsets requires an estimate of expected direct and indirect impacts; (4) Environmental offsets will be focused on longer term strategic outcomes; (5) Environmental offsets will be cost-effective, as well as relevant and proportionate to the significance of the environmental value being impacted. Here we focus on the challenges of determining and implementing offsets using a real world example from a voluntary offset process undertaken for Barrick Gold’s Kanowna Belle mine site in Western Australia to highlight those challenges and potential solutions.
Syntheses of heterocyclic ethenyl C-nucleosides for recognition of inverted base pairs within the DNA triple helix by stereoselective intramolecular cyclization and olefin metathesis.

Canonical recognition of gene sequences would allow precise means for specific genetic intervention. Unfortunately, specific recognition of two of the four possible base pairs by triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) as X·T-A and Y·C-G within a triplex currently remains elusive. A series of C1-ethenyl nucleosides have been devised and evaluated extensively for stability and specificity by molecular dynamics simulation. A synthesis via olefin metathesis of the unprotected heterocycle and a conveniently prepared anomerically pure C1-vinyl 2-deoxyribofuranose is presented as a significant improvement over a previously reported strategy.
A Gain-of-Function Mutation in the M-domain of Cardiac Myosin-binding Protein-C Increases Binding to Actin

The M-domain is the major regulatory subunit of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) that modulates actin and myosin interactions to influence muscle contraction. However, the precise mechanism(s) and the specific residues involved in mediating the functional effects of the M-domain are not fully understood. Positively charged residues adjacent to phosphorylation sites in the M-domain are thought to be critical for effects of cMyBP-C on cross-bridge interactions by mediating electrostatic binding with myosin S2 and/or actin. However, recent structural studies revealed that highly conserved sequences downstream of the phosphorylation sites form a compact tri-helix bundle. Here we used site-directed mutagenesis to probe the functional significance of charged residues adjacent to the phosphorylation sites and conserved residues within the tri-helix bundle. Results confirm that charged residues adjacent to phosphorylation sites and residues within the tri-helix bundle are important for mediating effects of the M-domain on contraction. In addition, four missense variants within the tri-helix bundle that are associated with human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused either loss-of-function or gain-of-function effects on force. Importantly, the effects of the gain-of-function variant, L348P, increased the affinity of the M-domain for actin. Together, results demonstrate that functional effects of the M-domain are not due solely to interactions with charged residues near phosphorylatable serines and provide the first demonstration that the tri-helix bundle contributes to the functional effects of the M-domain, most likely by binding to actin.
Oncogene-dependent Regulation of Caspase Activation by p53 Protein in a Cell-free System *

The mechanism by which p53 modulates apoptosis in cancer therapy is incompletely understood. Here, cell-free extracts from irradiated tumor cells are described in which endogenous p53 protein is shown to participate in caspase activation. This apoptotic activity is also oncogene-dependent, but independent of transcription in general or the presence of Bax or cytochromec. A general use for this system is as a cell-free screen for apoptosis modulators. In this way, profound effects of protein kinase A were identified and corroborated in vivo by the protection conferred by cAMP against diverse triggers of p53-dependent apoptosis. This system provides direct biochemical evidence that p53 protein can transduce apoptotic signals through protein-protein interactions and reveals a modulator kinase pathway capable of regulating p53-dependent caspase activation.
Evaluating middle cerebral artery collateral blood flow reserve using acetazolamide transcranial Doppler ultrasound in patients with carotid occlusive disease.

Abstract Background The objective of this study is to examine the utility of acetazolamide TCD ultrasound in the evaluation of MCA collateral blood flow reserve in patients with carotid occlusive disease. Methods Acetazolamide TCD and cerebral angiography were performed for 28 carotid territories in 14 patients with carotid occlusive disease. The percentage change in mean blood flow velocity and PI in the MCA was measured before and after 1 g of acetazolamide was administered. The carotid territories were divided into groups according their angiographic findings: (1) mild/moderate ( Results After acetazolamide injection, the percentage increase in mean MCA velocity for mild/moderate vs severe carotid artery stenosis was 43% ± 10% and 19% ± 6%, respectively, indicating less collateral blood flow reserve in patients with severe stenosis ( P = .04). The percentage decrease in the PI for MCA territories with vs without angiographic evidence of collateral blood flow was 4.6% ± 4% and 16% ± 3%, respectively ( P = .04), indicating an exhausted vascular reserve in patients with evidence of active collateral blood flow on angiography. Conclusions A decrease in the PI after acetazolamide administration represents a safe and noninvasive indicator of limited collateral blood flow reserve to the MCA territory ipsilateral to an extracranial carotid stenosis. Further study into the role acetazolamide TCD has in the preoperative evaluation of these patients, including threshold values, is warranted.
Sweetness and food preference.

Human desire for sweet taste spans all ages, races, and cultures. Throughout evolution, sweetness has had a role in human nutrition, helping to orient feeding behavior toward foods providing both energy and essential nutrients. Infants and young children in particular base many of their food choices on familiarity and sweet taste. The low cost and ready availability of energy-containing sweeteners in the food supply has led to concerns that the rising consumption of added sugars is the driving force behind the obesity epidemic. Low-calorie sweeteners are one option for maintaining sweet taste while reducing the energy content of children’s diets. However, their use has led to further concerns that dissociating sweetness from energy may disrupt the balance between taste response, appetite, and consumption patterns, especially during development. Further studies, preferably based on longitudinal cohorts, are needed to clarify the developmental trajectory of taste responses to low-calorie sweeteners and their potential impact on the diet quality of children and youth.
Effect of Hypophysectomy on Size of‘Remaining Kidney after Ureteroduo-denostomy and Contralateral Nephrectomy:

SummaryHypophysectomy was performed on adult male and female dogs by using the buccal approach. The left kidney which was removed through a midline abdominal incision served as a control, and the ureter of the right kidney was transplanted to the duodenum. The remaining kidney was removed 3 to 14 days later, and its weight and cytologic structure were compared with those of the control kidney.The remaining kidneys of the nonhypophy-sectomized dogs weighed an average of 106% more than the control kidneys. This is in contrast‘to a 25.15% average increase in the weight of the remaining kidneys over the control kidneys of the hypophysectomized dogs.Our thanks are due to Dr. Peter B. Dews for his help in analyzing the data statistically. We also wish to thank Mr. W. A. Meeker and Mr. Walter Ogg for their technical assistance.
Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity: Parallel Processes and Correlated Patterns

Species diversity and genetic diversity may be correlated as a result of processes acting in parallel at the two levels. However, no theories predict the conditions under which different relationships between species diversity and genetic diversity might arise and therefore when one level of diversity may be predicted using the other. I used simulation models to investigate the parallel influence of locality area, immigration rate, and environmental heterogeneity on species diversity and genetic diversity. The most common pattern was moderate to strong positive species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs). Such correlations may be driven by any one of the three locality characteristics examined, but important exceptions and patterns emerged. Genetic diversity and species diversity were more weakly correlated when genetic diversity was measured for rare versus common species. Environmental heterogeneity not only imposes spatially varying selection on populations and communities but also causes changes in species' population sizes and therefore genetic diversity; these interacting processes can create positive, negative, or unimodal relationships of genetic diversity with species diversity. When species are considered as part of multispecies communities, predictions from single-species models of genetic diversity apply in some instances (effects of area and immigration) but often not in others (effects of environmental heterogeneity).
Differences in enthalpy recovery of gradient and random copolymers of similar overall composition: styrene/4-methylstyrene copolymers made by nitroxide-mediated controlled radical polymerization

Abstract Styrene/4-methylstyrene (S/MS) random and gradient copolymers were synthesized by nitroxide-mediated controlled radical polymerization (NM-CRP) and compared to random copolymers made by conventional free radical polymerization (ConvFRP). The gradient copolymers have molecular weight (MW) values approaching 85,000 g/mol, making these some of the higher MW gradient copolymers reported to date. Due to the proximity of the glass transition temperatures ( T g ) of polystyrene (PS) and poly(4-methylstyrene) (PMS), there is no significant difference in T g between the gradient and random copolymers, with both copolymer types yielding single T g s that typically increase slightly with increasing MS content. While enthalpy relaxation studies demonstrate similarity in random copolymers made by NM-CRP and ConvFRP, they reveal significant differences between random and gradient copolymers. Gradient copolymers exhibit broad enthalpy recovery peaks, whereas random copolymers exhibit narrower enthalpy recovery peaks. The maxima in the enthalpy recovery peaks are at substantially lower temperature, as much as 17 °C, in the gradient copolymers as compared to random copolymers of equal overall composition. While random and gradient copolymers of a given overall composition exhibit similar enthalpy recovery values at a common physical aging time and quench depth relative to T g , the major differences in the enthalpy recovery peaks indicate that differences in sequence distribution along the chain length can lead to unusual behavior in gradient copolymers relative to random copolymers.
Informatics Technology Mimics Ecology: Dense, Mutualistic Collaboration Networks Are Associated with Higher Publication Rates

Information technology (IT) adoption enables biomedical research. Publications are an accepted measure of research output, and network models can describe the collaborative nature of publication. In particular, ecological networks can serve as analogies for publication and technology adoption. We constructed network models of adoption of bioinformatics programming languages and health IT (HIT) from the literature. We selected seven programming languages and four types of HIT. We performed PubMed searches to identify publications since 2001. We calculated summary statistics and analyzed spatiotemporal relationships. Then, we assessed ecological models of specialization, cooperativity, competition, evolution, biodiversity, and stability associated with publications. Adoption of HIT has been variable, while scripting languages have experienced rapid adoption. Hospital systems had the largest HIT research corpus, while Perl had the largest language corpus. Scripting languages represented the largest connected network components. The relationship between edges and nodes was linear, though Bioconductor had more edges than expected and Perl had fewer. Spatiotemporal relationships were weak. Most languages shared a bioinformatics specialization and appeared mutualistic or competitive. HIT specializations varied. Specialization was highest for Bioconductor and radiology systems. Specialization and cooperativity were positively correlated among languages but negatively correlated among HIT. Rates of language evolution were similar. Biodiversity among languages grew in the first half of the decade and stabilized, while diversity among HIT was variable but flat. Compared with publications in 2001, correlation with publications one year later was positive while correlation after ten years was weak and negative. Adoption of new technologies can be unpredictable. Spatiotemporal relationships facilitate adoption but are not sufficient. As with ecosystems, dense, mutualistic, specialized co-habitation is associated with faster growth. There are rapidly changing trends in external technological and macroeconomic influences. We propose that a better understanding of how technologies are adopted can facilitate their development.
Asymptotic behaviour of solutions to difference equations involving ratios of elementary symmetric polynomials

This paper studies the behaviour of positive solutions of the recursive equation , , where is the mth elementary symmetric polynomial on k variables, for , and , with . A variant of Newton's inequalities is employed. Included among the results is a generalization of a particular case of Theorem 4.11 in E. A. Grove and G. Ladas, Periodicities in Nonlinear Difference Equations, Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2004.
Development of a Web Based Education Program for Infection Prevention and Control New Employee and Annual Training in a Large Multispecialty Clinic and Hospital Setting

PROJECT: Mayo Clinic Rochester is a multispecialty healthcare system employing in excess of 24,000 allied health staff and 3400 physicians and trainees. In order to meet the I P&C training needs of our diverse group of employees, provide consistent messages and track outcomes, we created a web-based education program. These programs allowed us to convert from multiple programs written and delivered by multiple departments to online training modules with the ability to adjust formats and provide consistent updated training and oversight by IP&C. Additionally in preparation for pandemic flu or bioterrorist events, the change allowed for ‘‘Just in Time training’’ which can be circulated immediately to all staff and allowed for well documented compliance reporting.
Fetal yawning activity in normal and high-risk fetuses: a preliminary observation.

Objective To study yawning activity in healthy fetuses and in fetuses at high risk. Methods Yawning activity was studied in 16 healthy and 22 high-risk fetuses. Studies were performed in the postprandial state at 09.00 and 12.00 in a quiet room with the woman in the lateral recumbent position. All ultrasound examinations were performed using a 3.5-MHz Acuson 128 PX curvilinear probe. Fetal lips, mouth, tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea and esophagus were surveyed in serial coronal and sagittal planes. All fetal mouthing movements were analyzed by a review of the videotape in slow motion. Results In both normal and high-risk fetuses, yawning was represented by isolated mouthing movements and consisted of slow opening of the mouth with simultaneous downward movements of the tongue. This phase occupied 50–75% of the yawning cycle. After reaching its maximum opening, the mouth remained wide open for 2–8 s and returned to its resting position within seconds. Growth-restricted fetuses demonstrated yawning patterns consisting of isolated yawns similar to those seen in healthy fetuses. Unusual bursts of fetal yawning activity were recorded in anemic fetuses. Conclusion Yawning activity in anemic fetuses may represent a compensatory process to increase venous return to the heart. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Viscosity effects in vibratory mobilization of residual oil

The last decade has seen clarifications of the underlying capillary physics behind stimulation of oil production by seismic waves and vibrations. Computational studies have prevailed, however, and no viscous hydrodynamic theory of the phenomenon has been proposed. For a body of oil entrapped in a pore channel, viscosity effects are naturally incorporated through a model of two-phase core-annular flow. These effects are significant at the postmobilization stage, when the resistance of capillary forces is overcome and viscosity becomes the only force resisting an oil ganglion’s motion.Aviscousequationofmotionfollows,andcomputational fluid dynamics CFD establishes the limits of its applicability. The theory allows inexpensive calculation of important geophysical parameters of reservoir stimulation for given pore geometries, such as the frequency and amplitude of vibrationsneededtomobilizetheresidualoil.Thetheoretical mobilizingaccelerationinseismicwavesforagivenfrequency is accurate to within approximately 30% or better when checked against CFD. The advantages of the viscous theory over the inviscid one are twofold. The former can calculate complete time histories of forced displacement of an oil blob in a pore channel, including retardation by capillary forces, mobilization by vibrations, and an ensuing Haines jump. It also provides an approximately factor-of-two improvement in the calculation of the mobilizing acceleration needed to unplugastaticganglion.
Implications of Race and Gender in Higher Education Administration: An African American Woman’s Perspective:

A qualitative single-case-study approach is used in this study to examine the lived experiences of an African American woman senior-level administrator in a predominantly White research university. The everyday, lived experience of the participant challenges the ideology that education and hard work are combinations that equal success. The findings in the study indicate that despite achieving advanced levels of education and holding high-ranking positions within academia, many African American women in administrative positions encounter social inequity emerging from intersectionality. The dichotomous tension between achievement ideologies, as “the great equalizer,” and the organizational structure as a form of resistance to social equity are continuous threads throughout this article.
Awareness of hypertension and dyslipidemia in a semirural population of young adults: the bogalusa heart study

Abstract Background To assess the awareness of hypertension and dyslipidemia in a semirural population of young adults. Methods A cohort of 5,707 individuals was surveyed by a questionnaire. The awareness analysis was done on 1,454 subjects screened for cardiovascular risk factors 5 years earlier. Results Among the respondents (n = 3,699, 65%), the prevalence of hypertension among blacks and whites was 11% and 7.3% (P Conclusions These results underscore the need for cardiovascular health education efforts in this population group.
The peroxisome: a production in four acts

A cell regulates the number, size, and kind of each organelle it possesses in response to its particular role in an environment or tissue. Yet we still know little about how the molecular signaling networks within each cell perform such regulation. In this issue, Saleem et al. (Saleem, R.A., B. Knoblach, F.D. Mast, J.J. Smith, J. Boyle, C.M. Dobson, R. Long-O'Donnell, R.A. Rachubinski, and J.D. Aitchison. 2008. J. Cell Biol. 181:281-292) show for the first time how groups of kinases and phosphatases are organized to control when and how a cell assembles one kind of organelle, the peroxisome.
Search for Isotope Effect in Superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O

An isotope effect has been searched for in the high-T/sub c/ superconductor YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-//sub delta/ through substitution of /sup 18/O for /sup 16/O. No shift in the superconducting transition temperature T/sub c/ is observed by electrical resistivity or magnetic susceptibility measurements. We discuss the implications of this result for mechanisms of superconductivity in the high-T/sub c/ oxides.
Preparation of Nano-Iron Oxide Red from Bio-Oxidation Wastewater

According to the difference of chemical deposition behavior of arsenic and iron ion in the different pH value solution, valuable element Fe was first recovered by the selective deposition from bio-oxidation wastewater and then it was used to prepare nano-iron oxide red pigment powders. The effect of purifying conditions, calcinations temperature and calcinations time on the product color, the average partical size had been investigated. The crystal structure, particle-size and properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by means of XRD, TEM. The optimal process conditions of the preparation of iron oxide red were: calcinations temperature was 900°C, calcinations time was 120min. Under these conditions, the color of production was bright red. The particles were fully developed, and the average diameter of nanometer particle was about 70.8nm. In the visible light region of 380 to 780nm, the particle possessed good transparency, achieving the standard of GB1863 – 89.
APOBEC3G Multimers Are Recruited to the Plasma Membrane for Packaging into Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virus-Like Particles in an RNA-Dependent Process Requiring the NC Basic Linker

APOBEC3G is an endogenous host restriction factor that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. The antiviral activity of APOBEC3G is dependent upon its incorporation into the virus particle. The mechanisms governing incorporation of APOBEC3G into virus particles are not completely understood. In particular, some investigators have reported that APOBEC3G interacts directly with the nucleocapsid (NC) subunit of Gag, while others have found that an RNA intermediate is required for Gag-APOBEC3G interactions. In this study, we confirmed the RNA dependence of APOBEC3G packaging and performed detailed mapping of the determinants within NC that are required for virion incorporation. Surprisingly, APOBEC3G packaging did not correlate well with the presence of the N-terminal “I,” or interaction, domain within NC. Specifically, Gag constructs containing only the N-terminal region of NC packaged minimal amounts of APOBEC3G, while significant levels of APOBEC3G packaging were achieved with Gag constructs containing the basic linker region of NC. Furthermore, membrane-binding experiments revealed that the basic linker region was essential for the membrane association of APOBEC3G in a Gag-APOBEC3G complex. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer was detected between labeled APOBEC3G in cells and in particles, indicating that APOBEC3G is packaged as a multimer that is bound to packaged RNA. Regions of APOBEC3G-Gag colocalization at the plasma membrane were detected that were distinct from the punctate cytoplasmic bodies where APOBEC3G accumulates within the cell. Together, our results indicate that APOBEC3G multimerizes in an RNA-dependent fashion and that RNA-APOBEC3G multimers are recruited to the plasma membrane and subsequently into virion particles by Gag.
The architecture of CASSM: A cellular system for non-numeric processing

This paper presents the architecture of a context-addressed cellular system for non-numeric information processing, using an inexpensive, large-capacity circulating memory device. The system allows data to be represented in a structure very close to the form as the user perceives it (information structure) and allows the search operations of high level queries to be implemented directly. The information structures currently used in existing information systems are described. Then the architecture of the system as a whole is presented, as well as the implementation of these information structures as basic data types and hardware management of storage allocation and garbage collection. The paper intends to demonstrate that distributing intelligence throughout a rotating memory device can decrease the time required for search operations in large data bases. And that the search strategy and storage management functions can be efficiently carried out in hardware, greatly simplifying the software of information systems. Thus, data not only becomes faster but easier to access, verify, insert and delete.
Cryogenic refractive indices and temperature coefficients of cadmium telluride from 6 microm to 22 microm.

The index of refraction and its variation with wavelength and temperature were measured for cadmium telluride made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The measurement at 20 K using liquid helium as coolant is reported for the first time. The refractive index at 10 μm and 20 K is 2.6466, and the average temperature coefficient at 10 μm and in the range 20–80 K is 4.9 × 10−5/K.
Sustainable strategic management: the case of Poland

This paper reviews sustainable strategic management (SSM) activities and examines how one nation has changed and performed within the framework of SSM principles. The problem is that relationships between market structures and environmental sustainability are dynamic. This case study uses Poland to illustrate some of the problems in conducting national policy. Since moving to a free-market, Poland enjoyed significant economic advances, but now faces a number of challenges to manage rapid economic growth while ensuring environmental and social stability. This study reviews some of the factors and elements of concern to policy-makers, managers, and social scientists.
Transplantation of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle in normal and dystrophic chickens.

Abstract The anterior latissimus dorsi, a slow-tonic muscle, and the posterior latissimus dorsi, a fast-twitch muscle, were auto-transplanted to the site of the biceps brachii, a fast-twitch muscle. The regenerate muscle contained only α (fast-twitch) fibers when the posterior latissimus dorsi was the donor muscle. The regenerate contained both α and β (slow-twitch) fibers when the anterior latissimus dorsi was the donor muscle. No differences were observed between regenerates in normal and dystrophic chicks.
Bophoz ligands : Anodic electrochemistry and complexes

The oxidative electrochemistries of two chiral metallocene phosphine-aminophosphine (BoPhoz) ligands, R-Methyl BoPhoz ((R)-N-diphenylphosphino-N-methyl-[(S)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethylamine) and R-Pcyco BoPhoz ((R)-N-dicyclohexylphosphino-N-methyl-[(S)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethylamine)), were examined in methylene chloride. In addition the platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes with a general formula [MCl2(P−P)] (M = Pd or Pt; P−P = R-Methyl BoPhoz or R-Pcyco BoPhoz) were prepared and characterized by NMR and cyclic voltammetry; the X-ray structures of the palladium complexes are reported.
The N-terminal Domains of Neuregulin 1 Confer Signal Attenuation

Degradation of activated ERBB receptors is an important mechanism for signal attenuation. However, compared with epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, the ERBB2/ERBB3 signaling pair is considered to be attenuation-deficient. The ERBB2/ERBB3 ligands of the neuregulin family rely on an EGF-like domain for signaling and are generated from larger membrane-bound precursors. In contrast to EGF, which is processed to yield a 6-kDa peptide ligand, mature neuregulins retain a variety of segments N-terminal to the EGF-like domain. Here we evaluate the role of the N-terminal domain of neuregulin 1 in signaling and turnover of ERBB2/ERBB3. Our data suggest that whereas the EGF-like domain of neuregulin 1 is required and sufficient for the formation of active receptor heterodimers, the presence of the N-terminal Ig-like domain is required for efficient signal attenuation. This manifests itself for both ERBB2 and ERBB3 but is more pronounced and coupled directly to degradation for ERBB3. When stimulated with only the EGF-like domain, ERBB3 shows degradation rates comparable with constitutive turnover, but stimulation with full-length neuregulin 1 resulted in receptor degradation at rates that are comparable with activated EGF receptor. Most of the enhancement in down-regulation was maintained after replacing the Ig-like domain with a thioredoxin protein of comparable size but different amino acid composition, suggesting that the physical presence but not specific properties of the Ig-like domain are needed. This sequence-independent effect of the N-terminal domain correlates with an enhanced ability of full-size neuregulin 1 to disrupt higher order oligomers of the ERBB3 extracellular domains in vitro.
Language variation and linguistic invariants

Human languages are diverse and so precise statements of common properties must abstract away from specifics of particular languages. We note several abstract and absolute ‘Type 1’ universals and present some new ones built on a notion of ‘structural invariant’ that applies equally to constituent structure and individual grammatical morphemes. Crucially, these universals may be realized in structurally diverse ways.
Modelilng Unawareness in Arbitrary State Spaces

I develop a set-theoretic model of unawareness without making any structural assumptions on the underlying state space. Unawareness is characterized as a measurability constraint that results in players' reasoning about a "coarse" subjective algebra of events. The model is shown to be essentially equivalent to the product model in Li (2007), indicating that such a measurability constraint can be captured by restrictions on the dimensions of the state space without loss of generality. I use a variant of the partition model to examine the case of partial unawareness, where the player is aware of a question but unaware of some possible answers to that question, and characterize the player's knowledge hierarchies from his subjective perspective.
Novel Therapeutic Targets in Neuroinflammation and Neuropathic Pain

There is abounding evidence that neuroinflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and neuropathic pain. Chemokine-induced recruitment of peripheral immune cells is a central feature in inflammatory neurodegenerative disorders. Immune cells, glial cells and neurons constitute an integral network that coordinates the immune response by releasing inflammatory mediators that in turn modulate inflammation, neurodegeneration and the signal transduction of pain, via interaction with neurotransmitters and their receptors. The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/ chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (MCP-1/CCL2) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor (CCR2) play a major role in mediating neuroinflammation and targeting CCL2/CCR2 represents a promising strategy to limit neuroinflammation-induced neuropathy. In addition, the CCL2/CCR2 axis is also involved in mediating the pain response. Key cellular signaling events such as phosphorylation and subsequent activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 and its substrate MAPK-activated protein MAPKAP Kinase (MK) MK-2, regulate neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and synaptic activity. Further, MAPKs such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 play vital roles in mediating the pain signaling cascade and contribute to the maintenance of peripheral and central neuronal sensitization associated with chronic pain. This review outlines the rationale for developing therapeutic strategies against CCL2/CCR2 and MAPK signaling networks, identifying them as novel therapeutic targets for limiting neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain.
A novel, low-cost, high-performance single-phase adjustable-speed motor drive using PM brush-less DC machine: IIT's design for 2003 future energy challenge

This paper presents a novel, low-cost, high-performance single-phase adjustable-speed motor drive by using a three-phase permanent magnet brush-less DC (BLDC) machine. This system has been designed and implemented by the multidisciplinary student team of Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) for the 2003 IEEE/DOE/DOD international future energy challenge and won the first prize overall award for the motor competition. Machine configurations and driver topologies have been investigated to develop a low-cost innovative system. To satisfy the requirements of the challenge, a commercially available motor has been selected and redesigned including the stator winding and permanent magnet rotor. The redesigned motor has been fabricated and tested successfully. For the designed power electronic driver, the main goal was to achieve high performance and reliability at low cost. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the proposed approach.
Wavelet-based unsupervised SAR image segmentation using hidden Markov tree models

A new texture image segmentation algorithm, HMTseg, was recently proposed and applied successfully to supervised segmentation. In this paper, we extend the HMTseg algorithm to unsupervised SAR image segmentation. A multiscale Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is used to integrate the parameter estimation and classification into one. Because of the high levels of speckle noise present at fine scales in SAR images, segmentations on coarse scales are more reliable and accurate than those on fine scales. Based on the Hybrid Contextual Labelling Tree (HCLT) model, a weight factor /spl beta/, is introduced to increase the emphasis of context information. Ultimately, a Bayesian interscale and intrascale fusion algorithm is applied to refine raw segmentations.