cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Informationstechnologie als Enabler der Digitalisierung

Der Informationstechnologie als Unternehmensfunktion ist nicht nur als Berater und Unterstutzer aller Fachbereiche bei der Transition gefragt, sondern muss auch die bestehende technische IT- Umgebung kosteneffizient und sicher betreiben sowie sich selbst umfassend weiterentwickeln. Diese Herausforderung erfordert eine „two speed IT“, die als Arbeitsgrundlage eine ganzheitliche IT-Strategie in Anlehnung an die Digitalisierungs-Roadmap nutzt und dabei auch eine Methode zur Bewertung des Nutzenaspekts der IT fur die geschaftlichen Ablaufe etabliert. Ein „software defined environment“, also die vollstandige Flexibilisierung der IT-Infrastruktur, ist die Basis fur zeitgemase microservice-basierte Apps unter Verwendung von Open Source Losungen und auch fur Data Lake Projekte. Die Finanzierung kann uber erfolgreiche Rechenzentrumskonsolidierung, Anwendungsharmonisierung und Standardisierungen in der Serviceerbringung erreicht werden. Hierbei wird demThem Sicherheit sowohl fur die Business IT als auch fur die Shop Floor- und Fahrzeug-IT eine hohe Prioritat zugeschrieben, jedoch ohne zum Hemmschuh fur neue Initiativen wie beispielsweise eine API-Vermarktung zu werden.
Exploring the Intersection of Evidence-Based Practices and Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Practices:

Culturally and linguistically diverse learners with and without learning disabilities enrolled in public schools are tasked with learning content, a new culture, and a new language. Meeting their l...
“What’s the Middle Ground? Am I Ever Going to be the Perfect Teacher?:” Self-Study of a Doctoral Student’s Acculturation Process

In higher education, doctoral training has been identified as a process of stewardship development whereby individuals learn the knowledge and skills required to advance their respective discipline...
Global Climatic Effects of a Nuclear War: An Interdisciplinary Problem

Evaluation of the global climatic and ecological effects of a nuclear war requires consideration of a wide range of issues involving disciplines such as urban geography, fire mechanics, plume dynamics, cloud microphysics, aerosol physics, radiative transfer theory, atmospheric chemistry, mesoscale dynamics, global climate simulation, plant physiology, agriculture and ecology. Thus, in addition to addressing the global-scale implications of a nuclear war, the global-effects effort also serves as an excellent example of an interdisciplinary research program.
Metabolic Suppressive Therapy as a Treatment for Intracranial Hypertension–Why it Works and when it Fails

Thirty years after its first description metabolic suppressive therapy is still controversial in patients with intractable intracranial hypertension. In this study high dose propofol was used to induce metabolic suppression. The effects on intracranial pressure (ICP) and the cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen and glucose (CMRO2 and CMRGlc) are reported. A total of 28 studies were performed on 14 head injured patients. A Xenon133 cerebral blood flow (CBF) and a CO2-reactivity (CO2R) test were performed prior to induction of metabolic suppression. The following parameters were continuously monitored: EEG, etCO2, SjvO2, ICP, MAP and bilateral MCA flow velocity (VMCA). PCO2 was obtained before and during propofol-induced EEG burst-suppression in arterial and jugular-venous blood. CMRO2, CMRGlc and Metabolic Ratio (MR = CMRO2/CMRGlc) were calculated. MR < 0.6 was defined as relative hyper-glycolysis.
COMPUTATION OF THE COMPRESSION OF FREQUENCY MODULATED PULSES IN LINEAR DISPERSIVE MEDIA USING A TIME-DOMAIN METHOD: EXAMPLES AND GUIDELINES*

For the case of radio and microwave pulses propagating in the earth’s ionosphere, which motivated this work and is the source of our examples, the dispersion process is nearly timereversible, since collisional losses are very small. As a result, a long transmitted pulse of suitable amplitude and frequency modulation can be received as a compressed pulse of much higher amplitude at a chosen location in the ionosphere. The compression factor will be limited by source bandwidths and modulation control, distortion of broadband signals by antennas, and uncertainties in the propagating medium. In this paper, we present examples of compressed pulses for a variety of source waveforms. Our computer similations were performed by convolving the source signal with the dispersed waveform of a triangular element. We have obained a time-domain expansion, in which terms due to moments of the electron density, an earth’s axial magnetic field, and refraction of oblique trajectories, can be identified.
Cloud-based environment in support of IoT education

Students taking an IoT curriculum need to acquire skills (among others) in areas as: a) developers of IoT applications; b) architects of IoT systems; c) administrators of such systems. At North Carolina State University, we have developed a cloud-based environment to support the development of such skills. The environment is based on IBM's Watson IoT Cloud Platform and uses components such as Intel's Edison Boards, Raspberry Pis, Cisco IoT gateways, TI boards, sensors/actuators, and GitHub, to give students an end-to-end experience in all aspects of IoT solution and system development. In this paper, we discuss the challenges we faced, how we overcame them, feedback from students and plans for our next steps.
Effects of the similarity model in finite-difference LES of isotropic turbulence using a Lagrangian dynamic mixed model

A Lagrangian dynamic formulation of the mixed similarity subgrid (SGS) model for large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulence is proposed. In this model, averaging is performed over fluid trajectories, which makes the model applicable to complex flows without directions of statistical homogeneity. An alternative version based on a Taylor series expansion (nonlinear mixed model) is also examined. The Lagrangian models are implemented in a finite difference code and tested in forced and decaying isotropic turbulence. As comparison, the dynamic Smagorinsky model and volume-averaged formulations of the mixed models are also tested. Good results are obtained, except in the case of low-resolution LES (323) of decaying turbulence, where the similarity coefficient becomes negative due to the fact that the test-filter scale exceeds the integral scale of turbulence. At a higher resolution (643), the dynamic similarity coefficient is positive and good agreement is found between predicted and measured kinetic energy evolution. Compared to the eddy viscosity term, the similarity or the nonlinear terms contribute significantly to both SGS dissipation of kinetic energy and SGS force. In order to dynamically test the accuracy of the modeling, the error incurred in satisfying the Germano identity is evaluated. It is found that the dynamic Smagorinksy model generates a very large error, only 3% lower than the worst-case scenario without model. Addition of the similarity or nonlinear term decreases the error by up to about 50%, confirming that it represents a more realistic parameterization than the Smagorinsky model alone.
All in the Family: An Examination of the Predictors of Visitation Among Committed Juvenile Offenders:

Scholarship highlights the importance of visitation in improving the lives of prisoners across numerous domains including mental health, adjustment to confinement, and postrelease success. Although...
Relaxor antiferroelectric ceramics with ultrahigh efficiency for energy storage applications

Abstract Enhancing the efficiency in energy storage capacitors minimizes energy dissipation and improves device durability. A new efficiency-enhancement strategy for antiferroelectric ceramics, imposing relaxor characteristics through forming solid solutions with relaxor compounds, is demonstrated in the present work. Using the classic antiferroelectric (Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr1-x-ySnxTiy)O3 as model base compositions, Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 is found to be most effective in producing the “relaxor antiferroelectric” behavior and minimizing the electric hysteresis. Specifically, a remarkable energy storage efficiency of 95.6% (with an energy density of 2.19 J/cm3 at 115 kV/cm) is achieved in the solid solution 0.90(Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr0.65Sn0.30Ti0.05)O3–0.10Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3. The validated new strategy, hence, can guide the design of future relaxor antiferroelectric dielectrics for next generation energy storage capacitors.
Aerodynamic Centers of Arbitrary Airfoils Below Stall

The aerodynamic center of an airfoil is commonly estimated to lie at the quarter-chord. This traditional estimate is based on thin airfoil theory, which neglects aerodynamic and geometric nonlinear...
Towards exploiting inelastic design for Inconel 625 under short-term cyclic loading at 600∘C

Abstract Many industries rely on the Inconel 625 alloy to serve under thermomechanical operating conditions. Understanding the macroscopic cyclic inelastic behavior of this material is vital for accurate assessment of its load-carrying capacity at elevated temperatures. In this work, a uniaxial experimental program at 600∘C is conducted to demonstrate designing for cyclic elastoplastic behavior (shakedown) as opposed to more restrictive first-yield, while still avoiding ratchetting or alternating plasticity. In particular, a range of cyclic stress amplitudes are imposed at non-zero mean stresses while maintaining a constant maximum stress. In addition, the effect of dynamic strain aging (DSA) on the macroscopic shakedown behavior is established under load control. The inelastic work done per cycle is used as a measure of severity of the cyclic inelastic behavior, and is evaluated by monitoring the evolution of the hysteresis loop width. It is found that when the maximum stress is constant, larger mean stress tests approach shakedown behavior. Furthermore, for the range of stress amplitudes and mean stresses considered, the cyclic elastoplastic shakedown behavior is not affected by the DSA, and only depends on the mean stress and stress amplitude.
Making HIS mice more human-like

Discussion on exhaustion/senescence marker profiles on human T cells in BRGSF-A2 humanized mice and how they resemble those in human samples; describes how this model fits into the humanized-mouse research field.
Profile: Kinston, N.C.

Abstract There is a paucity of research into small and rural town regeneration in the United States. This paper examines regenerative efforts in Kinston, NC using the lens of Catalytic Community Development, a framework that focuses on local efforts that bring new economic capacities to regenerative efforts. Kinston has seen decades of decline as traditional industries migrated to other regions. A group of local changemakers have combined efforts with city staff and non-profits to catalyze economic growth through the arts and cultural tourism. Several events provided the spark of regeneration that this local network is keen to capitalize on. These efforts support findings that Catalytic Community Development can serve as a viable framework for rural small-town regeneration.
Intraventricular pilocytic astrocytoma in an adult patient

Pilocytic astrocytomas are tumors of the central nervous system mostly during the first two decades of life. Although they are mostly common in the midline structures of children, pilocytic astrocytoma within the ventricular system of an adult is extremely rare. We report a case of a 38-year old woman with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a brain tumor within the third ventricle. On histological examination, the tumor exhibited biphasic growth pattern comprising compacted cellular areas with Rosenthal fibers and loose textured microcystic areas with eosinophilic granular bodies. Mitosis or necrosis was not present. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), Olig2, and ATRX positivity as well as NeuN and EMA negativity. Ki67 labeling index was less than 1%. Molecular studies revealed that there are no isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutation and H3F3A mutation. This clinical presentation along with the histologic and molecular findings is consistent with a pilocytic astrocytoma arising in the third ventricle of this adult brain, which indicates that pilocytic astrocytoma can present as an intraventricular tumor in an adult patient and should be routinely included in the differential diagnosis of intraventricular brain neoplasm.
Smoking and Unemployment: A Photo Elicitation Project.

Introduction:Research has documented higher smoking prevalence with unemployment and greater difficulty with gaining re-employment for those who smoke. Using photo elicitation methods, we sought to...
Beyond the Medical Model: Retooling Bioethics for the Work Ahead.

The three important target articles (Braddock 2021; Mithani, Cooper, and Boyd 2021; Yearby 2021) make a strong case for regarding racism as a public health crisis. Each calls for advocacy by the bi...
Magnetic flux expulsion in a superconducting wire

Abstract An electric current generates a magnetic field, and magnetic fields cannot exist in the interior of type I superconductors. As a consequence of these two facts, electric currents can only flow near the surface of a type I superconducting wire so that the self-field vanishes in the interior. Here we examine how an electric current flowing through the entire cross-section of a normal conducting wire becomes a surface current when it enters a superconducting portion of the wire. This geometry provides insight into the dynamics of magnetic flux expulsion that is not apparent in the Meissner effect involving expulsion of an externally applied magnetic field. It provides clear evidence that the motion of magnetic field lines in superconductors is intimately tied to the motion of charge carriers, as occurs in classical plasmas (Alfven's theorem) and as proposed in the theory of hole superconductivity [1] , in contradiction with the conventional London-BCS theory of superconductivity.
Psychosocial Protective Factors in Cognitive Aging: A Targeted Review.

Objective The lack of disease-modifying pharmacological agents for dementia highlights the critical importance of prevention, but known modifiable factors (e.g., education, physical health and health behaviors, depression, and social isolation) do not fully represent potential intervention targets. Positive psychosocial factors predict cognitive aging outcomes above and beyond known risk factors and may also correspond to upstream determinants that open up new avenues for prevention and intervention, as well as for reducing racial/ethnic inequalities in dementia. In this brief report, I summarize contemporary evidence for three positive psychosocial factors that appear to be particularly relevant to cognitive aging: perceived control, religious involvement, and social relations. Methods Targeted review and synthesis of published studies. Results Each of the multidimensional constructs appears to contain "active ingredients" that could help to optimize cognitive aging through disparate mechanisms. Although historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups face disproportionate barriers to accessing certain psychosocial protective factors (e.g., perceived control), these same groups also exhibit naturally occurring sources of psychosocial resilience (e.g., religious involvement) that allow them to achieve better late-life cognitive health than would be otherwise expected. With regard to social relations, converging evidence from disparate studies shows that fostering late-life friendships in particular may have high potential for building cognitive reserve and promoting healthy cognitive aging. Conclusions Positive psychosocial factors represent culturally relevant resources that, through careful research, could ultimately be harnessed to promote better cognitive aging for a growing and increasingly diverse population of older adults.
C-Hg: A Collaborative Haptic-Gripper Fine Motor Skill Training System for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Computer-assisted systems can provide efficient and engaging ASD intervention environments for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, most existing computer-assisted systems target only one skill deficit (e.g., social conversation skills) and ignore the importance of other areas, such as motor skills, that could also impact social interaction. This focus on a single domain may hinder the generalizability of learned skills to real-world scenarios, because the targeted teaching strategies do not reflect that real-world tasks often involve more than one skill domain. The work presented in this article seeks to bridge this gap by developing a Collaborative Haptic-gripper virtual skill training system (C-Hg). This system includes individual and collaborative games that provide opportunities for simultaneously practicing both fine motor skills (hand movement and grip control skills) as well as social skills (communication and collaboration) and investigating how they relate to each other. We conducted a usability study with 10 children with ASD and 10 Typically Developing (TD) children (8–12 years), who used C-Hg to play a series of individual and collaborative games requiring differing levels of motor and communication skill. Results revealed that participant performance significantly improved in both individual and collaborative fine motor skill training tasks, including significant improvements in collaborative manipulations between partners. Participants with ASD were found to conduct more collaborative manipulations and initiate more conversations with their partners in the post collaborative tasks, suggesting more active collaboration and communication of participants with ASD in the collaborative tasks. Results support the potential of our C-Hg system for simultaneously improving fine motor and social skills, with implications for impacts of improved fine motor skills on social outcomes.
Performance of detector modules for a second-generation RF-penetrable TOF-PET insert for simultaneous PET/MRI

Currently, clinical permanently-integrated PET/MRI systems are available. However, their high cost impedes the wide dissemination of PET/MR imaging. To address this, we have proposed an RF-penetrable time of flight (TOF)-PET insert to achieve simultaneous PET/MRI at a lower cost with no performance compromise; this system can be inserted into any existing MR system and is TOF-capable. This paper evaluates performance of two detector modules. The coincidence timing resolution (CTR) for all positions was in the range from 244.3 ± 0.7 to 260.5 ± 0.9 ps. The energy resolution was from 13.45 ± 0.02 % to 13.64 ± 0.01 %. The error bars for all performance parameters were less than 1%. The results demonstrate the TOF capability of the system and the performance stability to scale up to a full ring.
Random effect and latent variable model selection

Ciprian M. Crainiceanu 'Likelihood ratio testing for zero variance components in linear mixed effects models.' - Daowen Zhang & Xihong Lin 'Variance component testing in generalized linear mixed models for longitudinal/clustered data and other related topics.' -Satkartar Kinney & David Dunson 'Bayesian model uncertainty in mixed effects models.' -Bo Cai & David Dunson 'Bayesian variable selection in generalized linear mixed models.' - Peter M. Bentler & Jiajuan Liang 'A unified approach to two-level structural equation models and linear mixed effects models.' - Sik-Yum Lee & Xin-Yuan Song 'Bayesian model comparison of structural equation models.' - Joyee Ghosh & David Dunson 'Bayesian model selection in factor analytic models.'
Efficient estimation of Weber’s W

Many studies rely on estimation of Weber ratios (W) in order to quantify the acuity an individual’s approximate number system. This paper discusses several problems encountered in estimating W using the standard methods, most notably low power and inefficiency. Through simulation, this work shows that W can best be estimated in a Bayesian framework that uses an inverse (1/W) prior. This beneficially balances a bias/variance trade-off and, when used with MAP estimation is extremely simple to implement. Use of this scheme substantially improves statistical power in examining correlates of W.
Anti-quorum sensing agents from south Florida medicinal plants and their attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity

OF THE DISSERTATION ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AGENTS FROM SOUTH FLORIDA MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR ATTENUATION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA PATHOGENICITY by Allison L. Adonizio Florida International University, 2008 Miami, Florida Professor Kalai Mathee, Major Professor With the difficulty in treating recalcitrant infections and the growing resistance to antibiotics, new therapeutic modalities are becoming increasingly necessary. The interruption of bacterial quorum sensing (QS), or cell-cell communication is known to attenuate virulence, while limiting selective pressure toward resistance. This study initiates an ethnobotanically-directed search for QS inhibiting agents in south Florida medicinal plants. Fifty plants were screened for anti-QS activity using two biomonitor strains, Chromobacterium violaceum and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Of these plants, six showed QS inhibition: Conocarpus erectus L. (Combretaceae), Chamaecyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. (Euphorbiaceae), Callistemon viminalis (Sol.ex Gaertn.) G. Don (Myrtaceae), Bucida burceras L. (Combretaceae), Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. (Melastomataceae), and Quercus virginiana Mill. (Fagaceae). These plants were further examined for their effects on the QS system and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an intractable opportunistic pathogen responsible for morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised patient. C. erectus, B. buceras, and C. viminalis were found to
Device quality amorphous silicon alloy materials

Device-quality hydrogenated amorphous silicon selenium and amorphous silicon sulfur alloys were prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with hydrogen dilution. The flow rate ratio of hydrogen to silane was about 8:1. The optical and electrical properties and the structural defect of the alloy films were investigated. The results showed that the film quality deposited in a hydrogen-rich environment was greatly improved compared to that of alloys prepared without hydrogen dilution. The presence of hydrogen in the RF discharge plasma may sputter off the weaker bonding of film precursor, lead to a dense network, and consequently improve the film quality. >
Structure of the phosphorylated N-linked oligosaccharides from the mnn9 and mnn10 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The N-linked oligosaccharides, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn1 mnn9 mutant mannoprotein extracted from the cells in hot citrate buffer, were separated by ion exchange into a monophosphate diester, a monophosphate monoester, a diphosphate diester, and a diphosphate monoester diester. The structures of the major components with diesterified phosphate were assigned as follows (where M = mannose), according to a recently revised oligosaccharide structure for the mnn mutants (Hernandez, L. M., Ballou, L., Alvarado, E., Gillece-Castro, B. L., Burlingame, A. L., and Ballou, C. E. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 11849-11856). formula; see text The monoester derivatives were mixtures of the possible isomers produced by removal of one or the other phosphoglycosyl-linked mannose units, and they were shown to arise by chemical degradation during isolation. The mnn1 mnn2 mnn10 acidic oligosaccharide fraction contained a mono- and a diphosphate ester. The monophosphate consisted predominantly of a single isomer with a mannosyl phosphate unit located at the end of the outer chain in an oligosaccharide with the following structure, where x may range from 2 to 12. The diphosphate had a mannosyl phosphate in this formula; see text position as well as one on the terminal alpha 1----6-linked mannose in the core. The presence in the mnn1 mnn9 or mnn1 mnn2 mnn10 background of the mnn4 or mnn6 mutations, which are known to regulate phosphorylation in yeast, reduced phosphorylation by 90% but did not eliminate it. AI-12522
Next tokamak facility

Design studies on a superconducting, long-pulse, current-driven, ignited tokamak, called the Toroidal Fusion Core Demonstration (TFCD), are being conducted by the Fusion Engineering Design Center (FEDC) and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) with additional broad community involvement. Options include the use of allsuperconducting toroidal field (TF) coils, a superconducting-copper hybrid arrangement of TF coils, or all-copper TF coils. Only the first two options have been considered to date. The general feasibility of these approaches has been established with the goal of high performance (ignition, about390 MW; wall loading about2.2 MW/m/sup 2/) at minimum capital cost. The preconceptual effort will be completed in early FY 1984 and a selection made from the indicated options. The TFCD is judged to represent a reasonable necessary step between the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) and the Engineering Test Reactor (ETR).
Generating Customized Layouts

A good layout tool should be able to generate customized layouts according to different requirements given by the user or applications. To achieve this goal, existing layout techniques should be enhanced and integrated to take their advantages while compensating their disadvantages. This paper presents three layout techniques based on the force-directed placement approach, including a revised force-directed placement to draw graphs with vertices of nontrivial sizes, a divide-andconquer approach to generate structured layouts, and an integrated approach to support constraints. The combination of the three techniques significantly improves the layout ability of the force-directed placement. They can be used to generate customized layouts that reflect semantics, preference, or principles of perceptual psychology.
Effects of deterministic surface distortions on reflector antenna performance

Systematic distortions of reflector antenna surfaces can cause antenna radiation patterns to be undesirably different from those of perfectly smooth reflector surfaces. In this paper, a simulation model for systematic distortions is described which permits an efficient computation of the effects of distortions in the reflector pattern. The model uses a vector diffraction physical optics analysis for the determination of both the co-polar and cross-polar fields. An interpolation scheme is also presented for the description of reflector surfaces which are prescribed by discrete points. Representative numerical results are presented for reflectors with sinusoidally and thermally distorted surfaces. Finally, comparisons are made between the measured and calculated patterns of a slowly-varying distorted offset parabolic reflector.
Ribonuclease H (hybrid) in Escherichia coli. Identification and characterization.

Abstract A ribonucleolytic enzyme (RNase H) from Escherichia coli specific for RNA-DNA hybrids has been identified, partially purified, and characterized. RNase H specifically degrades the RNA strand of purified RNA-DNA hybrids but is inactive on single- or double-stranded RNA or on DNA. The mode of cleavage by RNase H is endonucleolytic, producing oligoribonucleotides with 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphate termini. Glycerol gradient density centrifugation indicates an s20,w of 3.3 and molecular weight of approximately 40,000 for the enzyme. RNase H is heat-labile, severely inhibited by (NH4)2SO4 above 0.1 m, and exhibits an absolute requirement for divalent cation for activity.
The Role of CTA, MRA, and Sonography in Aortic Dissection

Aortic dissection is an emergent condition requiring rapid diagnosis and immediate treatment. Patients with aortic dissection typically present with complaints of a sudden onset of severe abdominal...
Structure of the yeast TAP1 protein: dependence of transcription activation on the DNA context of the target gene.

Abstract Sequence data are presented for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TAP1 gene and for a mutant allele, tap1-1, that activates transcription of the promoter-defective yeast SUP4 tRNA(Tyr) allele SUP4A53T61. The degree of in vivo activation of this allele by tap1-1 is strongly affected by the nature of the flanking DNA sequences at 5'-flanking DNA sequences as far away as 413 bp from the tRNA gene and by 3'-flanking sequences as well. We considered the possibility that this dependency is related to the nature of the chromatin assembled on these different flanking sequences. TAP1 encodes a protein 1,006 amino acids long. The tap1-1 mutation consists of a thymine-to-cytosine DNA change that changes amino acid 683 from tyrosine to histidine. Recently, Amberg et al. reported the cloning and sequencing of RAT1, a yeast gene identical to TAP1, by complementation of a mutant defect in poly(A) RNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (D. C. Amberg, A. L. Goldstein, and C. N. Cole, Genes Dev. 6:1173-1189, 1992). The RAT1/TAP1 gene product has extensive sequence similarity to a yeast DNA strand transfer protein that is also a riboexonuclease (variously known as KEM1, XRN1, SEP1, DST2, or RAR5; reviewed by Kearsey and Kipling [Trends Cell Biol. 1:110-112, 1991]). The tap1-1 amino acid substitution affects a region of the protein in which KEM1 and TAP1 are highly similar in sequence.
Host response to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin via two microvillus membrane receptors in the rat intestine.

The responsiveness of enterocytes to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was studied in the small intestine of 6- to 7-week-old rats. Dose-effect analysis showed the dose required for a 50% maximal LT-induced secretory response to be at 8 nM. After the well-documented glycolipid GM1 receptor was blocked with the cholera toxin B subunit, LT still activated the second messenger cascade, measured in terms of heightened cellular adenylate cyclase activity, and caused fluid to be secreted into ligated intestinal loops. Furthermore, Scatchard analysis of binding kinetics suggested that LT bound to two receptor sites on the intestinal microvillus membrane. The toxin also bound to delipidated membrane but was competitively inhibited by a galactose-specific lectin, RCA60, suggesting that the additional receptor is a galactoglycoprotein. Western blot analysis of toxin binding to membrane proteins revealed a group of binding components around 85 to 150 kilodaltons. When measured at 2.2 nM LT, approximately 70% of LT-binding activity took place through a high-affinity (Kd1, 0.38 nM) GM1 receptor and 30% of LT-binding activity took place through a low-affinity (Kd2, 3.3 nM) glycoprotein receptor. These results suggest that LT functions through two microvillus membrane receptors in the mature rat small intestine. Images
Enhanced seed viability and lipid compositional changes during natural ageing by suppressing phospholipase Dα in soybean seed

Changes in phospholipid composition and consequent loss of membrane integrity are correlated with loss of seed viability. Furthermore, phospholipid compositional changes affect the composition of the triacylglycerols, i.e. the storage lipids. Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids to phosphatidic acid, and PLDα is an abundant PLD isoform. Although wild type seeds stored for 33 months were non-viable, 30 to 50% of PLDα-knockdown (PLD-KD) soybean seeds stored for 33 months germinated. Wild type and PLD-KD seeds increased in lysophospholipid levels and in triacylglycerol fatty acid unsaturation during aging, but the levels of lysophospholipids increased more in wild type than in PLD-KD seeds. The loss of viability of wild type seeds was correlated with alterations in ultrastructure, including detachment of the plasma membrane from the cell wall complex and disorganization of oil bodies. The data demonstrate that, during natural aging, PLDα affects the soybean phospholipid profile and the triacylglycerol profile. Suppression of PLD activity in soybean seed has potential for improving seed quality during long-term storage.
Truthful Least-Priced-Path Routing in Opportunistic Spectrum Access Networks

We study the problem of finding the least-priced path (LPP) between a source and a destination in opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) networks. This problem is motivated by economic considerations, whereby spectrum opportunities are sold/leased to secondary radios (SRs). This incurs a communication cost, e.g., for traffic relaying. As the beneficiary of these services, the end user must compensate the service-providing SRs for their spectrum cost. To give an incentive (i.e., profit) for SRs to report their true cost, typically the payment to a SR should be higher than the actual cost. However, from an end user's perspective, unnecessary overpayment should be avoided. So we are interested in the optimal route selection and payment determination mechanism that minimizes the price tag of the selected route and at the same time guarantees truthful cost reports from SRs. This setup is in contrast to the conventional truthful least-cost path (LCP) problem, where the interest is to find the minimum-cost route. The LPP problem is investigated with and without capacity constraints at individual SRs. For both cases, our algorithmic solutions can be executed in polynomial time. The effectiveness of our algorithms in terms of price saving is verified through extensive simulations.
Queer Indigenous Entropy: Sexual Circulation and the Conquest Narrative

Two-Spirit men's sexual conquest stories—or what I am calling sexual coup stories—narrated more than just the sexual encounter. In fact, actual sexual acts are often secondary to the circumstances producing the sexual encounter. In this study, coup stories serve as a form of data revealing the ways in which sexual conquest is a sociosexual practice thoroughly embedded in broader Native community values and cultural patterns for the movement of bodily desire across landscapes predating humanist intellectual and moral intervention. Thus, the intra-acting agencies of Native sexual circulation provide the opportunity to enact a culturally specific form of material-discursive order that when viewed from the epistemological metropole look highly entropic (chaotic). Yet, Native sexual ontology realizes itself in the phenomena of a sexual circulation whose material-discursive practices appear to be disordered from the highly ordered humanistic center.
A Rationally Designed Small Molecule That Inhibits the HIF-1α–ARNT Heterodimer from Binding to DNA in Vivo

Modern drug development is focused on two steps: the identification of new molecular targets and the development of drugs that affect these targets. A molecular target can be an enzymatic activity or a macromolecular interface that is important in a disease pathway. Current drugs on the market are biased toward targeting cell surface receptors and intracellular enzymatic activities. However, macromolecular interfaces can also serve as potential molecular targets. A recent paper from Kaelin and Dervan9s groups examined an underused molecular target—transcription factor DNA binding. To specifically disrupt transcriptional activation, they used a rationally designed small molecule that binds specifically in the minor groove of a DNA sequence that in vivo is bound by a bHLH heterodimer transcription factor.
eLiXiRs for restraining inflammation.

New data implicate the LXRs, a class of nuclear hormone receptors, in reducing inflammation. When activated, these receptors ease inflammation in three mouse models. The results are relevant to atherosclerosis, Alzheimer disease, sepsis and other inflammatory disorders ( pages 213–219 ).
The Nd-Rh system

The phase equilibria and crystal structures of phases in the binary alloys containing erbium and rhodium were studied by conventional methods, and the results obtained are reported. Eight intermediate phases occur in the system: Er3Rh (Fe3C)*, Er7Rh3(Th7Fe3),
Convex duality for finite-fuel problems in singular stochastic control

Upon introducing a finite-fuel constraint in a stochastic control system, the convex duality formulation can be set up to represent the original singular control problem as a minimization problem over the space of vector measures at each level of available fuel. This minimization problem is imbedded tightly into a related weak problem, which is actually a mathematical programming problem over a convex,w*-compact space of vector-valued Radon measures. Then, through the Fenchel duality principle, the dual for the finite-fuel control problems is to seek the maximum of smooth subsolutions to a dynamic programming variational inequality. The approach is basically in the spirit of Fleming and Vermes, and the results of this paper extend those of Vinter and Lewis in deterministic control problems to the finite-fuel problems in singular stochastic control. Meanwhile, we also obtain the characterization of the value function as a solution to the dynamic programming variational inequality in the sense of the Schwartz distribution.
Finite element analysis of steady viscoelastic flow around a sphere in a tube: calculations with constant viscosity models

Abstract Finite element analysis is used to compute the inertialess flow of a viscoelastic fluid around a sphere falling in a cylindrical tube. Calculations are reported for three differential constitutive models with constant viscosities: the Upper-Convected Maxwell model (UCM), the Oldroyd-B model (OLDB) and the dumbbell model of Chilcott and Rallison (CR). Calculations are based on the Explicitly Elliptic Momentum Equation (EEME) and the Elastic Viscous Split Stress (EVSS) methods for calculations with models without and with a Newtonian solvent contribution, respectively. The calculations converged with mesh refinement for all three models for values of De below 1.6. Calculations with the UCM and OLDB models are limited below De = 2 by loss of convergence of the Newton iteration. Mesh refinement does not seem to alleviate these limits. Calculations with the CR model and moderate values of the maximum extensibility of the dumbbell L converge to higher values of De ; however, computations for large values of L require fine meshes in the stagnation region behind the sphere.
The effect of agitation on the rate of acid formation by Lactobacillus delbrueckii

The effect of agitation on the rate of acid formation by the microaerophilic organism Lactobacillus delbrueckii was studied. Fermentations were conducted at constant temperature and pH, and with the continuous addition of a nutrilite source. The range of agitator speeds was from 85 to 720 rev/min. The acid formation rate was found to increase with increasing agitator speeds and decrease with decreasing speeds if corn-steep liquor was the nutrilite source. No effect of agitation was observed with yeast extract as the nutrilite source. The data from corn-steep liquor media were found to be consistent with a mass transfer mechanism, but did not warrant a conclusion as to the specific nature of the effect of agitation. It was concluded, however, that the effect of agitation on the acid formation rate was at most very small.
A Beacon of Light

We demonstrated controlled conversion of DNA/Ag NCs between bright and dark states and designed a new molecular probe, NCB, for homogeneous detection of nucleic acid targets. Not relying on Forster energy transfer as the fluorescence on/off switching mechanism, NCBs have the potential to reach an ultrahigh S/B ratio in molecular sensing. Since the fluorescence enhancement is caused by intrinsic nucleobases, our detection technique is simple, inexpensive, and compatible with commercial DNA synthesizers. Here, we demonstrated that a palette of NCB light-up colors can be produced from the same origin by employing different proximal sequences. We also showed that the NC-nucleation sequences capable of achieving strong red fluorescence enhancement share a common 5'-C3NNNNNC4 motif.
A model of the relationship among sport consumer motives, spectator commitment, and behavioral intentions

Abstract The concept of commitment in sport marketing has largely been regarded as unidimensional. In the broader study of organizational behavior, commitment has been studied as a multidimensional construct. The multiple dimensions of commitment construe that one's behavior can be conveyed by different psychological states, comparable to those found to characterize different forms of commitment. The multidimensional perspective appears to yield more detailed and relevant information regarding a consumer's commitment in predicting specific behaviors. In past decades, a variety of researchers in organizational psychology and organizational behavior have investigated the relationship between motivation and commitment in order to better understand the two processes and their impact on behavior. However, there have been few attempts to integrate the two domains in order to demonstrate how motives and commitment combine to influence sport consumer behavior. Accordingly, a model of commitment and its relationship to sport consumer motives (i.e., antecedent) and behavioral intentions (i.e., consequence) is proposed.
Short-Lived Climate Forcing Agents and Their Roles in Climate Change

Short-lived climate forcing agents (SLCFAs) such as black carbon and ozone offer important policy opportunities to reduce radiative forcing in the short term (this decade), while also reducing air pollution impacts. Because of the combination of high absorption, a regional distribution roughly aligned with solar irradiance, and the capacity to form widespread atmospheric brown clouds in a mixture with other aerosols and ozone, emissions of black carbon are the second strongest contribution to current global warming, after carbon dioxide emissions. The interception of solar radiation by atmospheric brown clouds leads to dimming at the Earth's surface with important implications for the hydrological cycle, and the deposition of black carbon darkens snow and ice surfaces, which can contribute to melting, in particular of Arctic sea ice. Reducing SLCFAs is a challenge as they are emitted and produced across a wide spectrum of source-sectors. In this paper we summarize our capabilities to predict the impacts of short-lived forcing agents, and their local, regional and global extents, building upon studies done in Asia. We also discuss possible policy measures for reducing them.
Effects of food availability on proceptivity: A test of the reproduction at all costs and metabolic fuels hypotheses

Abstract Proceptive behaviours are used by animals to indicate interest in opposite-sex conspecifics. These behaviours can be affected by an individual's nutritional status. Two mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to account for the effects of food availability on reproduction. These are the metabolic fuels hypothesis and the reproduction at all costs hypothesis. It is not known if food availability affects proceptive behaviours such as scent marking, over-marking, and self-grooming. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that food-deprived and nonfood-deprived meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus , differ in the number of scent marks they deposit, the proportion of over-marks they deposit, and the amount of time they spend self-grooming when they encounter the scent marks of opposite-sex conspecifics. We tested this hypothesis by exposing meadow voles that either had continuous access to food or were food-deprived for either 6 hours or 24 hours to the scent marks of an opposite-sex conspecific. Due to differences in the natural history of male and female meadow voles, we predicted that female voles’ behaviour will best be explained by the metabolic fuels hypothesis whereas males’ behaviour will best be explained by the reproduction at all costs hypothesis. We found that both male and female voles deprived of food for either 6 hours or 24 hours spent less time self-grooming compared to nonfood-deprived voles. However, food availability did not affect the scent marking and over-marking behaviour of male and female voles. Differences in the effects of food availability on these proceptive behaviours are discussed within the context of the natural history of meadow voles.
A Physiological Role of Epidermal Growth Factor in Male Reproductive Function

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the proliferation of various mammalian cells in culture, but its physiological role is not well defined. In mature male mice, large amounts of EGF are produced in the submandibular gland; it is present in the circulation at approximately 5 nanograms of EGF per milliliter of plasma. Sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) decreased the amount of circulating EGF to an undetectable level but did not affect the circulating levels of testosterone or follicle-stimulating hormone. The number of mature sperm in the epididymis decreased by as much as 55 percent; the number of spermatids in the testis decreased by 40 to 50 percent; and the number of spermatocytes increased by about 20 percent. Administration of EGF to sialoadenectomized mice restored both the sperm content of the epididymis and the number of spermatids in the testis to normal. Thus, EGF may play a role in male reproductive function by stimulating the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis.
E-government evolution in small municipalities in Pennsylvania in web 2.0 social environment: a poster

In the poster proposal, we briefly describe the nature of ongoing doctoral dissertation research and describe why this project may be of particular interest to the conference attendees. This is a qualitative study designed to expand our current view of e-government in small municipalities in Pennsylvania (PA) and it is guided by a combination of sociotechnical theory and grounded theory approach. This research is aimed at discovering whether and/or how existing and emerging ICTs (including social media) facilitate citizen engagement in local government decision-making process.
Design and descriptive tools for systolic architectures

Automated design and descriptive tools are essential for the practical application of highly parallel special-purpose hardware such as systolic arrays. The use of special-purpose hardware can greatly increase the capabilities of signal processing systems. However, the more limited applications base makes design costs a critical factor in determining technical and economic viability. Systolic systems can be described at several levels of abstraction, each of which has unique descriptive requirements. This paper focuses on the descriptive issues involved at the system architectural level. Tools at this level must bridge the gap between logic- and circuit-oriented computer-aided design tools and algorithmic descriptions of systolic architectures. Traditionally, hardware description languages (HDLs) have been used at this level to describe conventional computer architectures. Systolic architectures, however, have different requirements. This paper examines these requirements and develops a set of criteria for evaluating HDLs. Four popular HDLs are evaluated and their strengths and weaknesses noted. The final section of the paper summarizes ongoing efforts at Los Alamos to develop a systolic array HDL based on the CONLAN family of languages.
Experimental demonstration of non-linear model-based in-line control of pH

Abstract A non-linear model-based control technique is developed and laboratory demonstrated for in-line acid neutralization using a multiple base injection approach. The controller chooses one of two simple, steady-state, three-parameter, non-linear phenomenological models which together mimic a wide range of titration curves from strong acid to highly buffered systems. The models are parameterized from on-line process data whenever nearly steady-state conditions are statistically identified. Results show excellent control performance in the presence of both ramp and step changes in acid type, acid concentration and flow rate upsets. Both industrial wastewater and mixtures prepared with acetic, phosphoric and sulphuric acids with and without common ion buffering and sodium carbonate were neutralized with sodium hydroxide in this study.