cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategies to Improve Adherence

Because nonadherence has detrimental effects on the patient, physician, and the healthcare system, healthcare providers may use patient adherence improvement strategies to improve overall clinical outcome. Because health care providers only have direct control over their own behaviors, a physician (or provider)-centered approach is a sensible way to consider adherence interventions. Physician-centered strategies can be organized into three levels. First is a foundation of assuring trust (that the patient trusts the doctor) and accountability. The second level implements what are generally considered the standard approaches for enhancing adherence including addressing cost, the complexity of the treatment regimen, patient education, and reminders. The final level constitutes more advanced psychological techniques to improve patient adherence.
Plasmon-Driven C–N Bond Cleavage Across a Series of Viologen Derivatives

The optical excitation of surface plasmons leads to the generation of highly enhanced nanoscale local fields and an abundance of harvestable hot carriers. When certain analytes are positioned within these unique environments, surface plasmons may be able to induce chemical reactions that are energetically unfavorable under standard conditions. Sometimes, the plasmonic environments can initiate entirely new reaction pathways for the chemical adsorbates. Here, we investigate the nature of plasmon-driven reactions on three viologen derivatives: methyl viologen, ethyl viologen, and benzyl viologen. Viologens have traditionally been employed as excellent redox agents due to their ability to reversibly stabilize additional electrons in their molecular structures. However, by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, we were able to directly observe a C–N bond cleavage on benzyl and ethyl viologen to form 4,4′-bipyridine on the surface of gold film-over-nanosphere substrates. Surprisingly, methyl viologen does ...
Validation of a Comprehensive Clinical Algorithm for the Assessment and Treatment of Microbial Keratitis.

Purpose To validate a comprehensive clinical algorithm for the assessment and treatment of microbial keratitis (MK). Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods The “1, 2, 3 Rule” for the initial management of MK was conceived by Vital and associates in 2007 to inform the decision as to when to perform corneal cultures. The rule is invoked when any 1 of 3 clinical parameters is met: ≥1+ anterior chamber cells, ≥2 mm infiltrate, or infiltrate ≤3 mm distance from the corneal center. When the rule is met, we added the mandatory use of fortified topical antibiotics after cultures are obtained. We compared outcomes of cases presenting to Massachusetts Eye and Ear 2 years before (Group I, n = 665) and after (Group II, n = 767) algorithm implementation. The primary composite outcome was a vision-threatening complication, such as corneal perforation. Results At a median follow-up of 67.0 and 60.0 days, respectively, 172 patients experienced a vision-threatening complication (Group I, 12.9% vs Group II, 11.2%, P = .51). While the algorithm codified conventional management practice at either end of disease severity, the effect of algorithm-augmented care was best appreciated in patients with lesions satisfying only 1 criterion. In this group, there was an increase in the proportion of patients undergoing culture at presentation (54.6% vs 67.7%, P = .006), fortified antibiotic prescription (29.7% vs 53.9%, P Conclusions The implementation of this algorithm reduced vision-threatening complications for patients with lesions satisfying only 1 criterion, arguably the most difficult patients in whom to judge disease severity. Implementation also led to a decrease in patients receiving unnecessary care.
Alternative Cheaper Methods to Estimate Bonobos

Data were collected using both line transect and presence–absence methods were compared with a control known density to assess the accuracy of bonobo densities each of them produces. The line transect method provided a varied density estimate of the range = 0.24–3.4 individuals km−2 whereas the density estimated by presence–absence data was 1.26 individuals km−2, 95% CI = [1.23, 1.29]. Estimates yielded by presence–absence framework were consistently higher than estimates provided by line-transects in zones between 500 and 1500 km2. This picture briskly changes around 2000 km2, estimates from presence–absence decreased sharply while those from transect increased, leading to the conclusion that line-transect provides sensible estimates for smaller zones while presence–absence is more accurate when the geographical survey cover increases beyond 2000 km2. Combining different densities the population estimated for Malebo was adjusted to the mean of 8,352 individuals, 95% CI = [7,952–8,747] individuals.
A general approach to seismic inversion with automatic differentiation

Abstract Imaging Earth structure or seismic sources from seismic data involves minimizing a target misfit function, and is commonly solved through gradient-based optimization. The adjoint-state method has been developed to compute the gradient efficiently; however, its implementation can be time-consuming and difficult. We develop a general seismic inversion framework to calculate gradients using reverse-mode automatic differentiation. The central idea is that adjoint-state methods and reverse-mode automatic differentiation are mathematically equivalent. The mapping between numerical PDE simulation and deep learning allows us to build a seismic inverse modeling library, ADSeismic, based on deep learning frameworks, which supports high performance reverse-mode automatic differentiation on CPUs and GPUs. We demonstrate the performance of ADSeismic on inverse problems related to velocity model estimation, rupture imaging, earthquake location, and source time function retrieval. ADSeismic has the potential to solve a wide variety of inverse modeling applications within a unified framework.
The Lean Legal Clinic: Cost-Effective Methods of Implementing Experiential Education

Students crave experience built into their coursework, and the actual feel of representing a client. This article explores the building blocks of putting together a clinic (or experiential program) on a shoestring budget. From the mechanics of administrative details to getting buy-in from the faculty, students, and larger legal community, this paper addresses some of the external intangibles associated with an experiential learning course that for all intents and purposes operates as a clinic. The article also discusses learning outcomes, teachable moments in ethics and professionalism, and getting the bang for your buck in bringing skills and substantive knowledge to students.
The Flipped Classroom: An Innovative Approach to Medical Education in Ophthalmology.

Objective The aim of the study is to report the creation of a flipped ophthalmology course and preclinical medical student perceptions and knowledge gains before and after a flipped ophthalmology course. Design The form of the study discussed is an observational study. Subjects The subjects involved in the study are second-year (U.S.) United States medical students at the University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine (n = 401). Methods Second-year medical students participated in a 1-week “flipped classroom” ophthalmology course geared toward primary care providers at the University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine. Eleven hours of traditional classroom lectures were condensed into 4.5 hours of short videos with self-assessment quizzes, small group discussions, and a large group case-based discussion. Fifty-seven short videos ( Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures include: student final exam performance; student satisfaction, opinions, and perceptions. Results Over the course of 2 years, 401 second-year U.S. medical students participated in the flipped classroom ophthalmology course. The majority of students enjoyed the flipped classroom experience (75.3%) and expressed interest in using the approach for future lessons (74.6%). The flipped classroom videos were preferred to live lectures (61.2%). Over 90% of students stated the self-assessment quizzes were useful, 79% reported that the small group discussions were an effective way to apply knowledge, and 76% cited the large group case-based discussion as useful. Pre-course knowledge assessment scores averaged 48%. Final examination scores in the flipped group (average ± standard deviation [SD] = 92.1% ± 6.1) were comparable to that of the traditional group when evaluating identical questions (average ± SD = 91.7% ± 5.54), p = 0.34. Conclusion The flipped classroom approach proved to be a well-received and successful approach to preclinical medical education for ophthalmology. This was achieved using 35% less course time than our traditional course. This innovative approach has potential for expansion to other medical schools, medical education abroad, and for other medical school modules.
Abiotic redox reactions in hydrothermal mixing zones: Decreased energy availability for the subsurface biosphere.

Subseafloor mixing of high-temperature hot-spring fluids with cold seawater creates intermediate-temperature diffuse fluids that are replete with potential chemical energy. This energy can be harnessed by a chemosynthetic biosphere that permeates hydrothermal regions on Earth. Shifts in the abundance of redox-reactive species in diffuse fluids are often interpreted to reflect the direct influence of subseafloor microbial activity on fluid geochemical budgets. Here, we examine hydrothermal fluids venting at 44 to 149 °C at the Piccard hydrothermal field that span the canonical 122 °C limit to life, and thus provide a rare opportunity to study the transition between habitable and uninhabitable environments. In contrast with previous studies, we show that hydrocarbons are contributed by biomass pyrolysis, while abiotic sulfate (SO42−) reduction produces large depletions in H2. The latter process consumes energy that could otherwise support key metabolic strategies employed by the subseafloor biosphere. Available Gibbs free energy is reduced by 71 to 86% across the habitable temperature range for both hydrogenotrophic SO42− reduction to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to methane (CH4). The abiotic H2 sink we identify has implications for the productivity of subseafloor microbial ecosystems and is an important process to consider within models of H2 production and consumption in young oceanic crust.
Mormons in the Nordic Region

Despite its present reputation as one of the most secular parts of the world, the Nordic region of Europe—comprised of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands—was, on the whole, a high growth area for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in the nineteenth century. However, while the large-scale immigration of over 20,000 Nordic converts to the Utah territory made significant contributions to the success of the fledgling American Mormon settlement, LDS congregations in the Nordic countries themselves have rarely been particularly large or influential in their local contexts. For those church members who stayed in—or returned to—the Nordic countries, the struggle to maintain and expand the LDS Church has been a constant one. The LDS Church has maintained a constant presence in the Nordic region since May 1850, with dramatic fluctuations in membership size during the nineteenth century, largely due to emigration and disaffection, but its membership has been largely stable or slowly increasing in numbers since the mid-twentieth century. This is true for all Nordic countries except Greenland and the Faroe Islands, where the LDS Church has not been officially established.
Characteristics of strokes associated with centrifugal flow left ventricular assist devices

Stroke is a devastating complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. Understanding the characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of strokes associated with the centrifugal flow LVADs is important to devise better strategies for management and prevention. This is a retrospective cohort study at a single US academic medical center. The cohort includes patients who received a first time Heartmate 3 (HM3) or Heartware (HVAD) LVAD between September 2009 through February 2018 and had a stroke while the LVAD was in place. Descriptive statistics were used when appropriate. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of poor outcome. Out of a total of 247 patients, 12.1% (N = 30, 24 HVAD and 6 HM3) had a stroke (63% ischemic) and 3 of these patients had pump thrombosis. Events per patient year (EPPY) were similar for HVAD and HM3 patients (0.3 ± 0.1). INR was subtherapeutic in 47.4% of ischemic stroke patients and supratherapeutic in 18.2% of hemorrhagic stroke patients. Concurrent infections were more common in the setting of hemorrhagic stroke than ischemic stroke (45.4% vs 5.3%, p = 0.008). Strokes were severe in most cases, with initial NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) higher in HM3 patients compared to HVAD patients (mean 24.6 vs 16) and associated with high in-patient mortality (21.1% of ischemic stroke vs. 88.8% of hemorrhagic stroke). Predictors of death within 30 days and disability at 90 days included creatinine at stroke onset, concurrent infection, hemorrhaghic stroke, and initial stroke severity (NIHSS). A score derived from these variables predicted with 100% certainty mortality at 30 days and mRS ≥ 4 at 90 days. For patients with centrifugal flow LVADs, ischemic strokes were more common but hemorrhagic strokes were associated with higher in-patient mortality and more frequently seen in the setting of concurrent infections. Infections, sub or supratherapeutic INR range, and comorbid cardiovascular risk factors may all be contributing to the stroke burden. These findings may inform future strategies for stroke prevention in this population.
Post-Internet Art and Pre-Internet Art Education

Post-Internet art represents a challenge to previous artistic concepts that tended to view the utilization of networked digital technologies as either the fulfillment of utopian fantasies of ego destruction, or the dystopian realization of a posthuman nightmare. Post-Internet art oscillates between these two extremes, making use of numerous interrelated networks that are decentralized in nature. Formal schooling is generally centralized, and art education tends to operate in a similar manner within this system, regardless of attempts to substantially change the structure of the field. A comparison of these two different systems might offer art educators opportunities to rethink practices that have been virtually unaffected by decentralization.
A new food engineering elective course for chemical engineering students

Abstract A degree in chemical engineering offers a variety of career paths, including petrochemical, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, and food industries. However, chemical engineering students are rarely exposed to the application of chemical engineering principles to food processes. By providing the opportunity for students to acquire a deeper knowledge and the skill sets on the food industry, would possibly make them more comfortable in choosing the food and beverage sector as a career. This paper describes the development of a new food engineering class offered as elective for chemical engineering students at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. The course was developed based on backwards design where its principles and course structure are described followed by a discussion. Since the course was offered during Spring 2020, the initial design and assessments had to be slightly modified in order to accommodate remote teaching and such modifications are presented. The manuscript also presents suggestions on how to implement a minor in food engineering for chemical engineering students and educational research perspectives.
Internalization of Advertising Services: Testing a Theory of the Firm

In 1956, a group of trade associations representing publishers and independent advertising agencies signed a consent decree aimed at ending a set of trade practices that for half a century effectiv...
SU‐E‐T‐162: Characterization of a New Oblong Cone for Use with the Intraoperative Mobetron Unit

Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetric characteristics of a new flat 7 cm x 12 cm oblong cone for intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) procedures. Methods: Percent depth dose (PDD) curves and profile measurements at dose depths of D100, D90, D80, D50, and D30 were measured using a parallel-plate ion chamber and a 3-D water tank Blue phantom II (iba) for the three energies (6, 9, and 12 MeV) available with the new generation Mobetron 2000. In addition, PDD curves and profiles were made with Gafchromic EBT3 films in solid water phantom. H&D curves were created for each energy for absolute calibration. The films were analyzed using the RIT image analysis software and then compared with the ion chamber results. Output values were obtained by normalizing the dose/MU at D100 at the clinical axis of the oblong cone by the dose/MU at D100 for the flat 10cm cylindrical standard cone using ion chamber measurements. Results: Ion chamber results show that the PDDs from the flat oblong cone, at the clinical axis, match with the PDDs for its “cylindrical brother” 7cm flat cone. These PDDs are comparable with those from the 10cm standard cone. The D100 coincides for all three energies. The cone output factors for the oblong cone are 1.07 for all energies. Ion chamber profiles measurements and film analysis show that the use of flat oblong cone with the 6 and 9 MeV energies Result in horns of approximately 12% and 8%, respectively. Conversely, 12 MeV profiles show loss of flatness near the field edge. Conclusion: The potential advantage of the oblong cones is the elimination of the well-known difficulties of electron field matching, both dosimetrically and in clinical setup.
Community-school collaboration for the control of viral encephalitis.

(1986). Community-School Collaboration for the Control of Viral Encephalitis. Health Education: Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 28-31.
Equatorial Atlantic Rain Frequency: An Intercentennial Comparison

Analyses of the frequency of rain occurrence over the equatorial Atlantic Ocean from two sources are compared: a nineteenth-century journal publication based on ship’s logbook entries, and a 3-yr average, 1998‐2000, of observations from the precipitation radar aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite observatory. The sources agree remarkably well on the position and shape of the equatorial maximum, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. However, the magnitudes differ by about a factor of 2, with the modern estimate being lower. This disparity is likely to be attributable to characteristics of the observing systems. The radar sensitivity and scanning characteristics combine to underestimate rain occurrence. The precise nature of the nineteenth-century sources are not documented; however, they almost certainly have been incorporated into the Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (COADS).
The Continuity of Statutory and Constitutional Interpretation: An Essay for Phil Frickey

This conference on the work of Philip Frickey as scholar, teacher, and institutional citizen has been an education—a somewhat daunting one—in how to achieve greatness as an academic. As a relatively junior person in this company, I have little to contribute to that discussion. But what I can perhaps document is Phil‘s intellectual influence on a rising generation of scholars in American public law. Like the monks who preserved the classical heritage of Greece and Rome, Phil and his coauthors, particularly Bill Eskridge, have preserved the ―Legal Process‖ jurisprudence of 1950s giants like Henry Hart, Albert Sacks, Herbert Wechsler, and Lon Fuller and transmitted it to contemporary legal scholars. More than this, Phil‘s brilliant elaboration of that jurisprudence in his own work has made the Legal Process approach respectable in a more divided and critical age. As someone who values the wisdom of tradition and believes the Legal Process thinkers still have much to teach us, 1 I consider these to be laudable contributions indeed. This Essay seeks to honor Phil by exploring the contributions of his Legal Process approach to a problem near and dear to his heart: the uses and legitimacy of canons of statutory construction. I focus, as Phil did in his most
Sarbanes‐Oxley section 404 compliance: Recent changes in US‐traded foreign firms' internal control reporting

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the compliance of US‐traded foreign firms with Sarbanes‐Oxley section 404 (SOX 404) by examining recent changes in their material internal control weakness (ICW) disclosures. This study also seeks to explore as a result of compliance, whether large firms can improve their internal controls than small and mid‐sized businesses (SMBs) can.Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a logit regression model to test the data collected from Compustat and AuditAnalytics databases.Findings – Both US firms and US‐traded foreign firms from developed countries experienced a significant descending trend of material ICW disclosures from 2004 to 2006. US SMBs, like large US companies, improved internal controls.Research limitations/implications – Prior studies asserted that the environment of corporate governance is more favourable for firms in developed countries. This study documents that US‐traded foreign firms from developed countries adjust to SOX 404 more qu...
Macroporous monoliths for trace metal extraction from seawater

The viability of seawater-based uranium recovery depends on the uranium adsorption rate and capacity, since the concentration of uranium in the oceans is relatively low (3.3 μg L−1). An important consideration for a fast adsorption is to maximize the adsorption properties of adsorbents such as surface areas and pore structures, which can greatly improve the kinetics of uranium extraction and the adsorption capacity simultaneously. Following this consideration, macroporous monolith adsorbents were prepared from the copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and N,N′-methylene-bis(acrylamide) (MBAAm) based on a cryogel method using both hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers. The monolithic sorbents were tested with simulated seawater containing a high uranyl concentration (∼6 ppm) and the uranium adsorption results showed that the adsorption capacities are strongly influenced by the ratio of monomer to the crosslinker, i.e., the density of the amidoxime groups. The preliminary seawater testing indicates the high salinity content of seawater does not hinder the adsorption of uranium.
Pheromone-induced morphogenesis and gradient tracking are dependent on the MAPK Fus3 binding to Gα.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways control many cellular pro- cesses, including differentiation and proliferation. These pathways commonly activate MAPK isoforms that have redundant or overlapping function. However, recent studies have revealed circumstances in which MAPK isoforms have specialized, nonoverlapping roles in differentia- tion. The mechanisms that underlie this specialization are not well understood. To address this question, we sought to establish regulatory mechanisms that are unique to the MAPK Fus3 in pheromone-induced mating and chemotropic fate transitions of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our investigations reveal a previously unappreciated role for inac- tive Fus3 as a potent negative regulator of pheromone-induced chemotropism. We show that this inhibitory role is dependent on inactive Fus3 binding to the α-subunit of the heterotri- meric G-protein. Further analysis revealed that the binding of catalytically active Fus3 to the G-protein is required for gradient tracking and serves to suppress cell-to-cell variability be- tween mating and chemotropic fates in a population of pheromone-responding cells.
Ifenprodil blocks the excitatory effects of the opioid peptide dynorphin 1-17 on NMDA receptor-mediated currents in the CA3 region of the guinea pig hippocampus.

Abstract This study found that dynorphin had a biphasic concentration response relationship on N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated currents in the CA3 region of the guinea pig hippocampal slice. A previous study demonstrated that the inhibitory effect was mediated by a kappa 2 opioid receptor. In the present study, the polyamine site antagonist ifenprodil converted dynorphin's biphasic concentration response relationship to a monophasic inhibitory curve. The polyamine diethylenetriamine also blocked dynorphin's excitatory actions. The combination of dynorphin 1–17 and naloxone produced neurotoxicity, presumably as a result of dynorphin's excitatory actions on NMDA receptors. In addition, the release of endogenous dynorphin from mossy fibers in the presence of naloxone injured the cells. Ifenprodil prevented the neurotoxicity of both applied and released dynorphin. These findings suggest that dynorphin acts at a polyamine site to produce its excitatory effects and, further, suggest that dynorphin may mediate some neuropathologies through its interaction at this site.
Addressing the new competencies for residents' surgical training

ABSTRACT In July 2001 the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) charged U.S. residency training programs to implement a curriculum and evaluation plan covering six competencies. The authors describe the curriculum and evaluation strategy of the first surgical training program developed to meet the competencies, and list each competency and the teaching method and measurement instruments used. Implementation began July 1, 2001, and the program was fully operational on July 1, 2002. Meeting the curriculum challenges required modification of the existing curriculum and the addition of new instructional units. Nine additional evaluation instruments were needed. The largest investment was in planning and implementation, a one-time development cost. Staff workload increased by 252 hours; this is expected to be a continuing annual requirement. Faculty workload increased by two hours per resident and each resident's workload increased by 112 hours per year (2.3 hours per week). The transition was smoother than expected. Faculty and residents' buy-in was crucial. Faculty and residents were alerted to upcoming changes at the beginning of the year in a grand rounds presentation on the ACGME competencies and the approach to meeting requirements. Updates were presented periodically. The authors recommend that residency programs engaged in similar efforts make effective use of instruments developed elsewhere and collaborate with other programs rather than develop everything locally. The program's benefits include time savings and the availability of validity data and norms to inform decision making on residents' and program progress.
Two Wilson–Hilferty type approximations for the null distribution of the Blum, Kiefer and Rosenblatt test of bivariate independence

Abstract The Blum et al. (Ann. Math. Statist. 32 (1961) 485) test of bivariate independence, an asymptotic equivalent of Hoeffding's (Ann. Math. Statist. 19 (1948) 546) test, is consistent against all dependence alternatives. A concise tabulation of a well-considered approximation for the asymptotic percentiles of its null distribution is given in Blum et al. and a more complete selection of Monte Carlo percentiles, for samples of size 5 and larger, appears in Mudholkar and Wilding (J. Roy. Statist. Soc. 52 (2003) 1). However, neither tabulation is adequate for estimating p-values of the test. In this note we use a moment based analogue of the classical Wilson–Hilferty transformation to obtain two transformations of type Tn=(nBn)hn. The transformations Tn are then used to construct and compare a Gaussian and a scaled chi-square approximation for the null distribution of nBn. Both approximations have excellent accuracy, but the Gaussian approximation is more convenient because of its portability.
Cytomegalovirus colitis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Radiologic spectrum

Six cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis are described. The radiographic manifestations of this colitis are nonspecific and usually mimic the findings of ulcerative colitis with diffuse mucosal ulceration or granulomatous colitis with aphthous ulceration and skip areas. Terminal ileal involvement was noted in 1 patient. Nonspecific edema was present in 2 other cases. One patient demonstrated unusual cecal and ascending colonic nodularity due to pseudomembranes and, in another, large, flat discrete ulcerations were identified. Angiography, in 1 case, demonstrated marked hypervascularity and identified a site of hemorrhage in the ascending colon. With the radiographic identification of colitis in an immunocompromised patient, particularly a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), CMV colitis must be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis. Endoscopic biopsy is the most effective method of establishing the diagnosis.
Allergy and Asthma in the Elderly

Allergies and asthma are diseases that affect individuals of all ages, and their prevalence is comparable in all age groups. As age demographics in the United States and other countries shift to greater proportions and numbers of patients in the "elderly" categories, it is becoming increasingly important for clinicians to become aware of the impact of aging on a variety of diseases. Allergy and asthma are recognized as inflammatory disorders, and there are data demonstrating that age-related changes in immune function can have a significant impact on these disorders.
Application of multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to the determination of glycol ethers in air

The applicability of multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to the analysis of five glycol ethers in air was demonstrated. Air samples were collected on charcoal tubes and desorbed with 5% methanol in methylene chloride as is described in method 1403 of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Manual of Analytical Methods. The glycol ethers were determined by multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The limit of detection was 5 to 7 micrograms/sample for each compound.
Experimental Study of Critical Heat Flux and Heat Transfer Coefficient Enhancements in Pool Boiling Heat Transfer With Nanostructure Modified Active Nucleation Site and Contact Angle

An experimental study of nanostructure modified nucleation site density and contact angle that significantly enhances the Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) and the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) in pool boiling heat transfer of water on copper surfaces has been conducted. The nanostructures on copper surfaces have been created by an electrodeposition technique. It has been found that the nanostructured copper surfaces show an increase in CHF of up to 142% and an increase in HTC of 33% over that of a mirror-finished plain copper surface. Calculations for nucleation site density and active nucleation site diameter reveal a direct correlation between these factors and the HTC, as well as the CHF. More interestingly, a contact angle study on the tested surfaces shows that there is a connection between the contact angle reduction and CHF enhancement, which confirms the contact angle mechanism of CHF with experimental evidence.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
TG/MS interface: applications to the determination of moisture in polysaccharides and freeze-dried biological products

Abstract A DuPont 1090 thermal analysis system has been interfaced to a Hewlett Packard 5995B quadrupole mass spectrometer with a turbo-molecular pumping system. The glass tubing interface connects the quartz combustion tube of the thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) to the jet separator of the mass spectrometer. This interface allows continuous monitoring of the ion intensities of mass peaks m/e = 18 (water) and m/e = 44 (carbon dioxide) for the determination of residual moisture in freeze-dried biological products such as Giant Ragweed Allergenic Extract and the moisture content of bulk polysaccharides such as Meningococcal Polysaccharides Groups A and C used in vaccine production.
[3H]Morphine binding is enhanced by IL‐1‐stimulated thymocyte proliferation

Mouse thymocytes incubated in vitro with increasing concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) exhibited a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Under these conditions, there was a parallel dosedependent increase in specific [3H]morphine binding, with a maximum increase of approximately 5-fold over basal levels. The binding sites differ from classical opioid receptors in that they are not stereo-selective. Interleukin-2 was ineffective in promoting either cell proliferation or enhanced opioid binding, but the effects of IL-1 could be mimicked by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), suggesting the involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation. These results indicate that morphine-binding sites on immune cells can be regulated by cytokine activation.
Peggy Thompson. Coyness and Crime in Restoration Comedy: Women's Desire, Deception, and Agency. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell UP, 2012.

Peggy Thompson's Coyness and Crime in Restoration Comedy: Women's Desire, Deception, and Agency explores the sexual agency and position of eighteenth-century women by chronologically dissecting res...
Application of Boolean algebra to switching circuit design and to error detection

A solution is sought to the general problem of simplifying switching circuits that have more than one output. The mathematical treatment of the problem applies only to circuits that may be represented by “polynomials” in Boolean algebra. It is shown that certain parts of the multiple output problem for such circuits may be reduced to a single output problem whose inputs are equal in number to the sum of the numbers of inputs and outputs in the original problem. A particularly simple reduction may be effected in the case of two outputs. Various techniques are described for simplifying Boolean expressions, called “+ polynomials,” in which the operation “exclusive or” appears between terms. The methods described are particularly suitable for use with an automatic computer, and have been tested on the Illiac. An unexpected metric relationship is shown to exist between the members of certain classes of “+ polynomials” called “nets.” This relationship may be used for constructing error-detecting codes, provided the number of bits in the code is a power of two.
A simplified preparation of B3H8− salts

Abstract A method of preparation of salts of the B 3 H 8 − ion from NaBH 4 and BF 3 -etherate is described which requires neither the use of high pressures nor the need to handle diborane. Details of the preparation of NaB 3 H 8 ·3(C 4 H 8 O 2 ) by this method are given (yield = 65 per cent) as are the details for the conversion of this product to CsB 3 H 8 . Possible causes of low yields are discussed.
Dividing without Reducing: Bodily Fission and Personal Identity

Prudence requires persistence, and not just because the rational pursuit of selfinterest often strains our abilities. If I show prudential concern for someone who will exist next year, I must at least believe that I am that person and hence that I will persist until then.' Morality, too, seems to require persistence. We think that, with some explicable exceptions, people bear no moral responsibility for past actions they did not commit; so at the least they bear none for actions committed when they did not exist. Our judgments about prudence and responsibility presuppose verdicts on questions of personal persistence or, as it is usually called, personal identity. Derek Parfit (1989) has argued influentially that our pre-theoretical conceptions of personal identity and its connection with prudence and morality are incoherent, and that cherished moral and prudential intuitions must be revised. We believe, he says, both that personal identity is "what matters" for prudential and moral purposes, and also that a certain relation of psychological connectedness and continuity-"relation R"-is what matters. But, he argues, these two relations can diverge. I take this to be the central thesis of what Parfit calls "Reductionism".2 Since reductionism is true, says Parfit, our pre-theoretical view of personal identity-which includes the denial of reductionism is incoherent.
Tentoxin-induced binding of adenine nucleotides to soluble spinach chloroplast coupling factor 1

The effect of tentoxin on the binding of adenine nucleotides to soluble chloroplast coupling factor (CF1) has been studied and the following results have been obtained: 1. Tentoxin (400 micron) increases the maximum attainable tight binding of ADP to CF1. In the absence of tentoxin, the maximal binding observed by the method employed is about 0.3 nmol ADP/mg protein, whereas in the presence of tentoxin this ranges from 1.5 to 2.0 nmol ADP/mg protein. 2. Tentoxin-induced binding of ADP to CF1 is severely inhibited by divalent cations (50% inhibition at about 2 mM) but only weakly inhibited by monovalent cations (less than 50% inhibition at 100 mM). 3. The binding of ADP to CF1 induced by tentoxin is inhibited by ATP and adenylyl imidodiphosphate but is not inhibited by other nucleotides including AMP, GDP, CDP, IDP, or beta, gamma-methylene ATP. 4. The ADP-CF1 complex induced by tentoxin is quite stable. 75% remains bound to CF1 even after passage of the complex through a gel filtration column. An additional 25% can be removed by incubation in the presence of ADP, and all of the bound ADP can be removed only after incubation in the presence of both tentoxin and ADP. The latter result is interpreted as a tentoxin-induced exchange of bound ADP for medium ADP.
Usefulness of peripheral artery tonometry for determining peripheral vascular responses during exercise

Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) is a new, relatively simple noninvasive device for continuous measurement of the peripheral arterial (fi ngertip) volumetric pulse waveform under various physiologic conditions, including exercise. 1– 4 A change in the amplitude of this waveform is refl ective of a change in the peripheral arterial tone. Myocardial ischemia is associated with an increase in -adrenergic tone and generalized vasoconstrictive responses. 5–9 Experimental animal and human studies have shown a vasoconstrictive response after myocardial ischemia in the coronary and peripheral arteries. 10 These vasoconstrictive changes were abolished by the intra-arterial infusion of blockers and calcium channel antagonists. This study assessed the peripheral vascular responses during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its relation to exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.  Patients between the ages of 21 and 75 years scheduled to undergo exercise radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for the detection of myocardial ischemia were enrolled in this study. Healthy subjects between the ages of 19 and 65 years without symptoms or risk factors for CAD, and who exercised at least once a week (2% likelihood of having CAD), were used as controls. Patients underwent a maximum, symptom-limited treadmill exercise test using the Bruce protocol or modifi ed Bruce protocol until they developed limiting cardiac symptoms (chest pain, dyspnea, or dizziness), attained a target heart rate (85% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate), or were unable to exercise any further due to fatigue. A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram was continuously monitored and periodically recorded during exercise and recovery. Patients continued antihypertensive, antianginal, lipid-lowering, and other cardiac medications before the exercise test. Standard exercise and resting MPI with single-photon emission computed tomography was performed and analyzed for the presence or absence of myocardial ischemia. Healthy subjects underwent maximum, symptom-limited treadmill exercise using the Bruce protocol, and they did not undergo MPI or electrocardiographic monitoring. A subset of randomly selected control subjects underwent repeat testing within 6 weeks to determine the reproducibility of the test.
Preventing Renal Failure in Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

In our cumulative experience of 1004 thoracoabdominal and descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repairs, approximately 20% of patients have suffered from some form of postoperative renal dysfunction. Although slightly lower than rates in the era of cross-clamp-and-go, the contemporary incidence of renal failure and consequent morbidity and mortality remain significant. Between January 1991 and February 2003, we used and appraised many different forms of renal protection. After September 1992, we began to routinely use the adjuncts of distal aortic perfusion and cerebrospinal fluid drainage for all thoracoabdominal and descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repairs. The methods we examined for renal protection included aortic perfusion, followed by warm blood visceral perfusion, antegrade cold blood visceral perfusion, retrograde cold blood perfusion, and the perioperative use of a renal protective pharmacologic agent, fenoldopam. The results were not overly promising. We are currently testing a method of split perfusion in which the renal arteries receive cold lactated Ringer's solution while the visceral arteries are perfused with cold blood. The major predictors of postoperative renal dysfunction are preoperative renal function, cross-clamp time, and repair extending to the renal arteries. Distal aortic perfusion is protective, but only for aortic repair that does not directly involve the renal arteries. Evidence shows that patients with cold perfusion have superior survival and recovery rates, but none of the adjuncts clearly prevent acute renal failure. The current mortality rates associated with postoperative renal failure remain high, and the pursuit of the optimal method of renal protection is a top priority.
Effect of mass capture on the propogation of transverse waves in rotating beams

Abstract The dispersive nature of the impact-induced transvers waves in mechanical systems with variable kinematic structure is examined in this investigation. The non-linear equations of motion of the rotatinf beam that account for the geometric stiffening are first derived using the principle of virtual work in dynamics. The effect of the geometric stiffening on the dynamics of the beam is first examined in order to determine the conditions under which the linearization of the dynamic equations of the beam is valid. In particular, the effect of the centrifugal geometric stiffening due to the distributed inertia of the beam is compared with the effect of the centrifugal geometric stiffening due to the inertia of a mass concentrated at the end of the beam. Using the results of this preliminary study, a simple model for the rotating beam is derived and used in the analysis of the impact0induced transverse waves. The jump discontinuity in the system velocities as the result of impact is predicted using the generalized impulse momentum equations that involove the restitution conditions. The effect of the mass capture on the phase and the group velocities of the dispersive transverse waves is demonstrated using the simple model that consists of a rotatinf beam impacted transversely by a rigid mass. The results obtained in this investigation indicate that the change in the system topology has more significant effects on the wave velocities of low frequency transverse waves as compared to high frequency waves. Furthermore, the change in these velocities is more significant in rotating beams as compared to non-rotating beams. A dimensionless rotation wave number is defined and is used to measure the significance of the effect of the angular velocity on the velocity of wave propagation.
Pharmacokinetic properties of mezlocillin in ambulatory elderly subjects.

Twelve healthy ambulatory elderly subjects (mean age, 73-78 years) randomly received either a 4-g or 5-g dose of mezlocillin intravenously. One week later the regimen was repeated and patients crossed over to the other dose. Peak serum concentrations were 165 mg/L and 281 mg/L for the 4-g and 5-g doses, respectively. For both doses, differences in t1/2 beta (1.32 hr vs 1.13 hr), AUC (275 mg.hr/L vs 403 mg.hr/L), CL (207 mL/min vs 174 mL/min), CLR (59 mL/min vs 45 mL/min), CLNR (152 mL/min vs 130 mL/min) were not statistically significant. The differences in Varea (22.4L vs 168.8L, P less than or equal to .01) and Cmax (216.6 mg/L vs 317 mg/L, P less than or equal to .05) were statistically significant. Comparison with pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in younger subjects following the 5-g dose reveals that in the elderly the AUC, Varea, and CLNR are higher whereas the CL and CLR are lower. The elderly demonstrated an increase in nonrenal clearance compared with young subjects that is not fully compensatory. The increased AUC in the elderly group suggests that clinical studies examining mezlocillin doses and dose intervals in the treatment of serious infections are warranted in infected elderly patients.
Larval rearing of red shrimp Penaeus marginatus (Crustacea)

Abstract A pilot study was carried out to examine development and survival rates of larvae of Penaeus marginatus cultured under different conditions of food, temperature, and salinity. Survival rates were higher when protozoea and mysis larvae were fed Artemia nauplii either alone or mixed with algal food than when they were fed algae only. Higher mortality due to cannibalism was observed when larvae were underfed, but an excess of Artemia caused fouling and stressed the larvae. Developmental and survival rates were determined at four temperatures. Survival rates of postnaupliar larvae were higher at 20 and 25†C than at 15 and 30°C. The lower level of salinity tolerance for the larvae was about 24‰.
Structure preserving piecewise polynomial interpolation for definite matrices

Abstract The purpose of this note is the following: Suppose we only know a smooth Hermitian positive (semi)definite matrix function A(t), t ϵ R , A ϵ C n×n, at a discrete set of points: {Ai}N+1i=1, Ai = A(ti), where ti