cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The geologic record of deep episodic tremor and slip

Transient and episodic slow slip accommodates a great deal of tectonic strain and may be mechanically linked with locked regions of seismically hazardous faults. Best documented in subduction zones and associated with nonvolcanic tremor, most proposed mechanisms for slow slip revolve around the transition between stable and unstable frictional sliding. The dilemma is that slow slip is generated at a wide range of crustal depths, including at pressure-temperature conditions where frictional deformation mechanisms give way to predominantly viscous ones. We present a model for how fracture and viscous flow within mid-crustal shear zones can produce episodic creep transients. Our model for such transients stems from geological examples of shear zones that formed at temperatures and pressures of >500 °C and >0.6 GPa during early orogenesis, following Late Cretaceous subduction of a backarc ocean basin. Within these shear zones, relatively strong lenses of metabasalt localized fluid-filled fractures that were subsequently deformed by viscous flow in surrounding quartzofeldspathic gneiss. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the modeled creep events are similar to those of slow-slip events observed in modern subduction zones. We therefore suggest that some episodic tremor and slip can originate through combined fracture and viscous flow across shear zones comprising mixtures of strong and weak materials.
Effects of 5-fluorouracil on infectious canine hepatitis virus infection of dog kidney cells.

SummaryIt has been shown that FU, at a 10-3 concentration, markedly inhibits DNA synthesis in DK cells infected with ICHV. In the absence of FU, DNA levels in infected cells increased to about 450% of uninfected control cell levels by 72 hours postinfection. By contrast, the marked elevation of nuclear and cytoplasmic arginine levels (an index of protein levels) that is seen in infected cells was not affected by the presence of FU. No infectious virus particles were formed in the presence of FU. Electron microscopic examination of infected, FU-treated cells did not reveal the presence of either complete virus particles or empty viral capsids. However, these cells produced hemagglutinins and also virus specific antigen demonstrable by immunofluorescence.
Orality and Literacy in Early Christianity

This review essay engages Pieter Botha's Orality and Literacy in Early Christianity in a wide-ranging discussion of the ancient and early Christian communications culture. It reviews and seeks to c...
Finding Ponce de Leon's Pill: Challenges in Screening for Anti-Aging Molecules.

Aging is characterized by the progressive accumulation of degenerative changes, culminating in impaired function and increased probability of death. It is the major risk factor for many human pathologies – including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases – and consequently exerts an enormous social and economic toll. The major goal of aging research is to develop interventions that can delay the onset of multiple age-related diseases and prolong healthy lifespan (healthspan). The observation that enhanced longevity and health can be achieved in model organisms by dietary restriction or simple genetic manipulations has prompted the hunt for chemical compounds that can increase lifespan. Most of the pathways that modulate the rate of aging in mammals have homologs in yeast, flies, and worms, suggesting that initial screening to identify such pharmacological interventions may be possible using invertebrate models. In recent years, several compounds have been identified that can extend lifespan in invertebrates, and even in rodents. Here, we summarize the strategies employed, and the progress made, in identifying compounds capable of extending lifespan in organisms ranging from invertebrates to mice and discuss the formidable challenges in translating this work to human therapies.
Combined phacoemulsification and trabectome for treatment of glaucoma.

Ab interno trabeculectomy with the trabectome is a microincisional glaucoma surgery modality with an electrosurgical device to ablate the trabecular meshwork and inner wall of Schlemm canal to restore conventional outflow along its physiological route, thereby decreasing intraocular pressure. The device was approved by the FDA in 2004 and has since gained widespread use. Trabectome can be performed on its own or combined with cataract surgery for the treatment of ocular hypertension or advanced glaucoma with similar intraocular pressure reduction. It can be used after failed classical glaucoma surgeries and in narrow angles. Postoperative average intraocular pressure is independent of preoperative pressure and can be expected to be near 15 mm Hg with a theoretical minimum close to episcleral venous pressure. In combination with tube shunts, low intraocular pressures can be achieved during the hypertensive phase and long term. Although early postoperative hyphema is common, complications are rare and similar to those seen in cataract surgery, resulting in a safety profile that is favorable compared to older glaucoma surgeries. Aqueous angiography that is under development will allow anatomically targeted ablation.
Intravital Imaging Reveals Differential Roles Of Neutrophilic and Stromal Toll-Like Receptor 4 In Hyper-Acute Bone Marrow Response To Systemic Lipopolysaccharide Challenge

Introduction Neutrophils are the first defenders of host innate immune response against a variety of pathogens. Produced in large quantities from myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, neutrophils are rapidly mobilized and released from the marrow cavity into the general circulation in response to inflammation and invading pathogens. While how neutrophils are released from the bone marrow as a result of interplay among CXCL12 (osteoblastic) and CXCL1/CXCL2 (perivascular) gradients have been studied at a time scale of hours to days post systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, little is known about how the neutrophil and marrow stroma react on a single-cell level in vivo during the hyper-acute (minutes to hours) phase following LPS challenge. Methods We performed intravital two-photon microscopy (TPM) on intact cranium of live, anesthetized mice, in which the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is expressed under the Lysozyme M (LysM) promoter expressed predominantly in neutrophils and monocytes, before and immediately after systemic LPS challenge. The behavior of neutrophils and surrounding stroma was analyzed and correlated with systemic neutrophilic responses. Bone marrow chimeras were generated in order to differentiate TLR4-mediated responses in hematopoietic and radio-resistant stromal elements. Neutralizing antibodies to relevant chemokines responsible for neutrophil mobilizations were used to observe changes in intra-marrow neutrophil response following LPS challenge. Results We observed a 2.5-fold increase in the average instantaneous speed, as well as the formation of dynamic GFP + cellular clusters in 50% of the marrow-resident neutrophils between 30 minutes to 60 minutes following i.v. administration of 100ng of LPS, with the GFP + neutrophils achieving a peak average speed of 8.4um/min. This was accompanied by release of neutrophils into the systemic circulation as evidenced by a 40% reduction in the overall GFP fluorescence intensity 90 minutes following LPS challenge. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed that while intra-marrow migration and cellular clustering are dependent on TLR4 signaling in neutrophils, the release of neutrophils into systemic circulation is facilitated by TLR4 signaling on stromal elements. Blocking CXCR2 signaling on neutrophils resulted in the same phenotype as chimeras expressing TLR4-defective stroma, further revealing that marrow stromal elements modulate TLR4-mediated neutrophil mobilization and release via CXCL1/CXCL2 chemokine signaling during this hyper-acute phase of marrow response to LPS. Conclusions Intravital imaging provides real-time insights to the mechanisms of dynamic regulation of marrow responses to hyper-acute systemic LPS challenge in vivo at a single-cell level within live hosts, and reveals differential contribution of TLR4 signaling on neutrophils and stroma in the bone marrow9s response to systemic LPS challenge. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Interactive query learning for isolated speech recognition

The authors propose an interactive query learning approach to isolated speech recognition tasks. The approach starts with training multiple 'one-net-one-class' time delay neural networks (TDNNs) based on sequences of LPC vectors. After all TDNNs are trained, initiated from each available LPC training sequence for one specific TDNN (say, class k), an improved network inversion algorithm with imposing constraint is used to generate a set of inverted LPC sequences corresponding to various output values of the corresponding TDNN. By carefully listening to synthesized speech based on the inverted LPC sequences, a conjugate pair of LPC sequences is selected from the whole set of LPC sequences; one corresponds to the acceptable speech of class k and the other corresponds to the unacceptable speech of class k. This conjugate LPC sequence pair constitutes some parts of the classification boundary associated with this class, and should be further used as the training date to refine the already trained classifier boundary. A 6% accuracy improvement was achieved when the proposed method was tested on speaker independent E-set data. >
The Role of CXCR4 Inhibitors as Novel Antiangiogenesis Agents in Cancer Therapy.

Abstract Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth. Endothelial cells express the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and interact with its ligand SDF-1/CXCL12. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ERK MAP kinase and the PI3Kinase pathways are activated in response to SDF-1 stimulation. In this study, we investigate the effect of the role of inhibitors of CXCR4, ERK MAP kinase and PI3Kinase on angiogenesis. The AngioKit (TCS Cellworks, U.K) is a 24 well plate in which human endothelial cells are co-cultured with other human myoblasts and fibroblasts in a specially designed medium. Control wells in the kit include media alone, VEGF (+control) and suramin (-control). Test samples were added on the day the kits arrive, then changed on days 4, 7, and 9, and stained on day 11 with CD31 (PECAM). The wells are then photographed and subjected to image analysis. The software measures angiogenesis as total tubule length per well in microns. Test samples can then be compared to the control wells to determine the drugs affect on angiogenesis in vitro. The following drugs were tested in this angiogenesis model system, a human CXCR4 neutralizing antibody (MAB 171, RD 20mM PD098059 inhibited angiogenesis while lower concentrations did not. These results are consistent with the drug's known concentration-dependent inhibition of MEK-1 and indicate that the MEK-1 inhibitor leads to angiostasis secondary to its specific inhibitory effect on MEK-1. The lowest level tested of 1μM LY294002 led to inhibition of angiogenesis, and 50μM of LY294002 led to complete abrogation of angiogenesis. SDF-1 has been reported to be angiogenic. In this model system, the effect of SDF-1 alone on angiogenesis was subtle. However, the endothelial cells used in this model system may be secreting endogenous SDF-1 leading to the saturation of the CXCR4 receptor and minimal effects of exogenous SDF-1 stimulation. This was demonstrated by the significant effect of the CXCR4 inhibitor on angiogenesis without the addition of exogenous SDF-1. These results indicate that CXCR4 inhibition and its downstream pathways PI3K and ERK MAP kinase lead to significant inhibition of angiogenesis, and suggest that selective inhibitors of CXCR4 may be useful agents to inhibit angiogenesis.
Considering Kinesio® Tape for the Treatment of Forward Shoulder Posture

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of three Kinesio® Tape applications to correct Forward Shoulder Posture (FSP), a common postural alteration. A randomized pre-/post-test study included thirty, (f= 15, m= 15) recreationally active individuals or current competitive athletes (age: 23.5 +5.036) diagnosed with FSP. Musculoskeletal diagnostic ultrasound was used as the objective tool to quantify FSP: measurement from the anterior humerus to coracoid process. Based on randomized group assignment, participants were taped following Kinesio® Tape guidelines (5 males and 5 females per group): (1) inhibition of the pectoralis minor; (2) facilitation of the lower trapezius; and (3) combination of both techniques resulting in the inhibition of the pectoralis minor and facilitation of the lower trapezius. Participants wore the respective taping technique for 24 hours and were re-measured after the tape had been removed, each participant serving as his/her control. Neither the interaction nor the overall effect between each taping technique was statistically significant (p>.05). Participants who met the inclusion criteria of FSP did not have a statistically significant effect after wearing the respective Kinesio® Tape application. Therefore, the results of this research do not support Kinesio® Tape as a mechanism for treating Forward Shoulder Posture.
Comparing Mechanisms to Child Outcomes from Long-Term Economic Well-Being Measured with the Official Poverty Measure and the Supplemental Poverty Measure

We used Panel Study of Income Dynamics data to compare paths to nine child outcomes from long-term economic well-being calculated using either the Official Poverty Measure (OPM) or the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM). Our sample included 953 10- to 18-year-old U.S. children. We used structural equation models to assess two broad mechanisms: the child’s home environment and parental mental health concerns. The portion of the relationship between our child outcomes and long-term economic well-being that was mediated by parental mental health concerns was generally similar with the OPM and SPM measures; on average, that mechanism explained about 8% of that relationship with the OPM measure and about 5% of that relationship with the SPM measure. However, the portion of that relationship that was mediated by the home environment was always much larger with the OPM measure than with the SPM measure; on average, that mechanism explained about 20% of that relationship with the OPM measure, but only about 5% of that relationship with the SPM measure. These results suggest that programs designed to enhance child outcomes by addressing parents’ mental health needs could use either OPM- or SPM-based measures to select families, but that OPM-based measures may be more effective to select families for programs designed to enhance child outcomes by improving the child’s home environment.
A new wipe-sampling instrument for measuring the collection efficiency of trace explosives residues

Trace explosives detection, a crucial component of many security screening environments, commonly employs wipe-sampling. Since collection of an explosive residue is necessary for detection, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the parameters that affect the efficiency of collection. Current wipe-sampling evaluation techniques for explosive particles have their limits: manual sampling (with fingers or a wand) is limited in its ability to isolate a single parameter and the TL-slip/peel tester is limited to a linear sample path. A new wipe-sampling instrument, utilizing a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) 3D printer repurposed for its XYZ stage, was developed to address these limitations. This system allowed, for the first time, automated two-dimensional wipe-sampling patterns to be studied while keeping the force and speed of collection constant for the length of the sampling path. This new instrument is not only capable of investigating the same parameters as current technology (wipe materials, test surfaces, forces of collection, and linear sample patterns), it has added capabilities to investigate additional parameters such as directional wipe patterns (i.e. “L” and “U” shapes, square, and serpentine) and allowing for multiple lines to be sampled during a single collection without the need for adjustments by the user. In this work, parametric studies were completed using 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and the COTS 3D printer for wipe-sampling to establish collection efficiencies for numerous scenarios. Trace explosives detection in field screening environments could be greatly improved with the ability to comprehensively investigate how a wide range of parameters individually affect collection by wipe-sampling. A screener who knows how to properly interrogate any given surface will be much more efficient at detecting trace explosives.
Characteristics associated with lack of HIV testing during pregnancy and delivery in 36 U.S. states, 2004-2013.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend universal prenatal HIV testing to prevent perinatal HIV transmission in the U.S.; since the 1990s perinatal HIV transmission has declined. In 2006, 74% of women with a recent live birth reported testing for HIV prenatally or at delivery. We used Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from 36 states and New York City from 2004 to 2013 (N = 387,424) to assess characteristics associated with lack of self-reported testing and state-to-state variability in these associations. Overall, 75.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75.0-75.5) of women with a recent live birth reported an HIV test. There were significant differences in testing prevalence by state, ranging from 91.8% (95% CI 91.0-92.6) in New York to 42.3% (95% CI 41.7-43.5) in Utah. In adjusted analysis, characteristics associated with no reported testing included being married, white, non-Hispanic, multiparous, not smoking during pregnancy, and having neither Medicaid nor Special Supplemental Nutritional Program for Women, Infants, and Children. White married women were 57% (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.57, 95% CI 1.52-1.63) more likely to report no test compared to white unmarried women. Multiparous married women were 57% (aPR 1.57, 95% CI 1.51-1.64) more likely to report no test compared to multiparous unmarried women. Women who were married, white, non-Hispanic, and multiparous women were 23% less likely to be tested than other women combined. Marital status was significantly associated with lower prevalence of testing in 35 of the 37 reporting areas, and race was significant in 30 of 35 states with race information. The prevalence of reported HIV testing during pregnancy or at delivery remains below 80%. Opportunities exist to increase HIV testing among pregnant women, particularly among certain subpopulations.
Information Processing at the Cellular Level: Beyond the Dogma

The classical view of information flow within a cell, encoded by the famous central dogma of molecular biology, states that the instructions for producing amino acid chains are read from specific segments of DNA, just as computer instructions are read from a tape, transcribed to informationally equivalent RNA molecules, and finally executed by the cellular machinery responsible for synthesizing proteins. While this has always been an oversimplified model that did not account for a multitude of other processes occurring inside the cell, its limitations are today more dramatically apparent than ever. Ironically, in the same years in which researchers accomplished the unprecedented feat of decoding the complete genomes of higher-level organisms, it has become clear that the information stored in DNA is only a small portion of the total, and that the overall picture is much more complex than the one outlined by the dogma.
Community-Referenced Instruction: Research and Issues

This review addresses some of the more crucial teaching and learning issues that arise when community-referenced instruction is applied to persons with severe disabilities. These issues include environmental assessment, task analysis, trial sequencing, control, empirical and social validity, and measurement. A stimulus set of standards that emerged from the literature reviewed was presented to guide and evaluate future community-referenced research.
Chevron As Law

Chevron v. NRDC, the foundation for much of contemporary administrative law, is now under siege. The central objection, connected with longstanding challenges to the legitimacy of the modern regulatory state, is that the decision amounts to an unwarranted transfer of interpretive authority from courts to the executive branch. Some people think that the transfer is a recipe for a form of authoritarianism – and inconsistent with the proposition that it is the province of the judiciary to say what the law is. To assess such objections, the starting point is simple: Whether courts should defer to agency interpretations of law depends largely on legislative instructions. Under the Constitution, Congress has broad power to require courts to defer to agency interpretations (in the face of ambiguity), or to forbid them from doing so. If congressional instructions are the touchstone, and if the Administrative Procedure Act is the guiding text, there is a plausible argument that Chevron was wrong when decided; but the issue is intriguingly cloudy if the APA’s text is taken in its context. In these circumstances, Chevron should not be overruled. Doing so would introduce a great deal of confusion and increase the role of political judgments within the courts of appeals. Nonetheless, Chevron’s critics have legitimate concerns. Those concerns should be taken into account (1) by insisting on a fully independent judicial role in deciding whether a statute is ambiguous at Step One; (2) by invalidating arbitrary or unreasonable agency interpretations at Step Two; and (3) by deploying canons of construction, including those that are designed to serve nondelegation functions and thus to cabin executive authority.
EVI1 overexpression reprograms hematopoiesis via upregulation of Spi1 transcription

Inv(3q26) and t(3:3)(q21;q26) are specific to poor-prognosis myeloid malignancies, and result in marked overexpression of EVI1, a zinc-finger transcription factor and myeloid-specific oncoprotein. Despite extensive study, the mechanism by which EVI1 contributes to myeloid malignancy remains unclear. Here we describe a new mouse model that mimics the transcriptional effects of 3q26 rearrangement. We show that EVI1 overexpression causes global distortion of hematopoiesis, with suppression of erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis, and marked premalignant expansion of myelopoiesis that eventually results in leukemic transformation. We show that myeloid skewing is dependent on DNA binding by EVI1, which upregulates Spi1, encoding master myeloid regulator PU.1. We show that EVI1 binds to the −14 kb upstream regulatory element (−14kbURE) at Spi1; knockdown of Spi1 dampens the myeloid skewing. Furthermore, deletion of the −14kbURE at Spi1 abrogates the effects of EVI1 on hematopoietic stem cells. These findings support a novel mechanism of leukemogenesis through EVI1 overexpression.
Tobacco smoking in China: a pulmonary health crisis.

Purpose of review China's economy has had tremendous growth through the principle of command economy, where profitable private industries become government-owned and managed. The tobacco industry, which generates 10% of the annual governmental income from the country's over 300 million smokers, serves as a prime example. The present review takes an in-depth look at how the success of the government's tobacco industry has caused a pulmonary health crisis for the country with the world's largest population; and in turn, poses a threat to global lung health. Recent findings China's emergence as a world leader has allowed insight to the nation's health system. Recent studies have shown that China has the highest prevalence and the worst outcomes of smoking related pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Similarly, the rates of lung cancer have grown exponentially over the last decade with China now accounting for 36% of annual new cases globally. The burden of disease is detrimental to the health system, places financial hardship on patients, and threatens the economy and work force. Summary The present review should serve as a call for research, preventive health initiatives, and governmental policy to reform tobacco production, social acceptance, and use.
Abstract WP277: Clinical Utility and Cost-Effectiveness of Transthoracic Echocardiogram in Lacunar Strokes

Background: The average annual cost of inpatient stroke care in the United States exceeds $35 billion. The lack of clear recommendations for the use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in patie...
The importance of atmospheric turbulence and stability in machine-learning models of wind farm power production

Abstract Machine learning is frequently applied in the wind energy industry to build statistical models of wind farm power production using atmospheric data as input. In the field of wind power forecasting, in particular, there has been substantial research into finding the best-performing learning algorithms that improve model predictions. Overlooked in the literature, however, is the influence of atmospheric turbulence and stability measurements in improving model predictions. It has been well-established through observations and physical models that these effects can have considerable influence on wind farm power production; yet consideration of these effects in statistical models is almost entirely absent from the literature. In this work, we examine the impact of atmospheric turbulence and stability inputs on statistical model predictions of wind farm power output. Hourly observations from a wind farm in the Pacific Northwest United States located in very complex terrain are used. Five common learning algorithms and nine atmospheric variables are considered, five of which represent some measure of turbulence or stability. We find a considerable improvement in hourly power predictions when some measure of turbulence or stability is included in the model. In particular, turbulent kinetic energy was found to be the most important variable apart from wind speed and more important than wind direction, pressure, and temperature. By contrast, the choice of learning algorithm is shown to be relatively less important in improving predictions. Based on this work, we recommend that turbulence and stability variables become standard inputs into statistical models of wind farm power production.
Rawls y el liberalismo

En este ensayo se intenta mostrar la contribucion distintiva de John Rawls a la tradicion liberal. Se destaca su fundamentacion del pluralismo como valioso en si y no como un mero modus vivendi, y su compatibilidad tanto con convicciones religiosas fuertes y ortodoxas como con filosofias mas escepticas. Por otro lado, se subraya la prioridad que Rawls concede al mejoramiento de los mas desfavorecidos como la unica manera de justificar las desigualdades socioeconomicas.
Performance Evaluation of Production Systems Using Real-Time Machine Degradation Signals

A machine’s degradation status directly influences the operational performance of the production system, such as productivity and product quality. For example, machines associated with different health states may have different remaining life before failure, thus impacting the system throughput. Therefore, it is critical to analyze the coupling between the overall system performance and the machine degradation to better production decision-making, such as maintenance and product dispatch decisions. In this paper, we propose a novel model to evaluate the production performance of a two-machine-and-one-buffer line, given the real-time machine degradation signals. Specifically, a phase-type distribution-based continuous-time Markov chain model is formulated to estimate the system throughput by utilizing the remaining life prediction from the degradation signals. A case study is provided to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. Note to Practitioners—Machine degradation is commonly observed in many industries, such as automotive, semiconductor, and food production, which gradually deteriorates the machine conditions in different operating processes and affects the production system performance. In practice, sensors are largely deployed on the factory floor to monitor the machine’s operating condition. However, a gap still exists between machine operating conditions and system performance. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to predict the machine remaining lifetime and estimate the system performance of a small scale production system, using the machine degradation signals from sensors. Furthermore, a Bayesian updating scheme is provided, which enables online evaluation by utilizing the real-time signals. Such a method provides an effective tool for production engineers to analyze the real-time system performance, and further conduct system improvements and control.
Energy Efficient GPU Applications Through Computation Skip

With the ever-increasing demand for multimedia processing applications running on GPUs, they have been an important target for energy minimization. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce energy consumption of GPU applications through computation skip. In particular, by exploiting the input operands of floating point operations in GPU applications, we have found many computations can be skipped. This is because their results can be pre-determined without actual executions of floating point units (FPUs). We then classify these computations into different categories and design corresponding circuits to detect them. By integrating the computation skip into two GPU applications, we have reduced the energy consumption by 32.67%–44.53% on two popular GPU applications.
Pricing uncertainty in wine markets following the Rudy Kurniawan scandal

This paper examines the impact of the Rudy Kurniawan fraudulent wine scandal on the market for wine sold at auction. Using data gathered from Wine Spectator’s Auction Highlights reports, we estimate the difference in average price per lot of wine sold at auctions before and after Mr Kurniawan’s arrest. We find a large statistically significant decrease (25–30%) in average price per lot following the arrest, with some evidence of even larger declines at Acker Merrall and Condit, the auction house most associated with the scandal.
Resource Allocation: Stable Patients Remain Stable 12-24 h Post-tPA.

Stroke patients are currently monitored for neurological deterioration for 24 h following treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) or mechanical thrombectomy. This requires low nursing ratios and an intensive-care-like setting. As the half-life of IV tPA is short, many patients may not require such prolonged intensive monitoring and could be downgraded much earlier. We evaluate the frequency of neurological deterioration in the 0–12 and 12–24 h post-treatment windows. Patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke treated with IV tPA and/or thrombectomy at our institution from 2016–2018 were prospectively followed per protocol for 24 h post-therapy (examinations every 15 min for 2 h, every 30 min for 6 h, and hourly thereafter). Neurological deteriorations were recorded along with interventions and complications. Frequency of deterioration within the 0–12 and 12–24 h post-treatment windows was determined, along with factors associated with decline at each time point. A total of 172 patients were treated (IV:135, IA:65, both:30). Thirty-six (21%) experienced a documented neurologic deterioration [8 due to intracerebral hemorrhage (4.7%)]. Five patients deteriorated in the 12–24 h window; all but one had experienced earlier examination changes. Elevated NIHSS was associated with a higher likelihood of deterioration overall. Early fluctuation was associated with decline after 12 h. New onset of neurologic deterioration is rare 12–24 h after treatment of acute stroke. Stable patients with low NIHSS scores and no ICU needs may not require intensive monitoring greater than 12 h post-treatment.
EUS-guided portal pressure gradient measurement with a simple novel device: a human pilot study.

Background and Aims Portal hypertension is a serious adverse event of liver cirrhosis. Recently, we developed a simple novel technique for EUS-guided portal pressure gradient (PPG) measurement (PPGM). Our animal studies showed excellent correlation between EUS-PPGM and interventional radiology-acquired PPGM. In this video we demonstrate the results of the first human pilot study of EUS-PPGM in patients with liver disease. Methods EUS-PPGM was performed by experienced endosonographers using a linear echoendoscope, a 25-gauge FNA needle, and a novel compact manometer. The portal vein and hepatic vein (or inferior vena cava) were targeted by use of a transgastric or transduodenal approach. Feasibility was defined as successful PPGM in each patient. Safety was based on adverse events captured in a postprocedural interview. Results Twenty-eight patients underwent EUS-PPGM with 100% technical success and no adverse events. PPG ranged from 1.5 to 19 mm Hg and had excellent correlation with clinical parameters of portal hypertension, including the presence of varices (P = .0002), PH gastropathy (P = .007), and thrombocytopenia (P = .036). Conclusion This novel technique of EUS-PPGM using a 25-gauge needle and compact manometer is feasible and appears safe. Given the availability of EUS and the simplicity of the manometry setup, EUS-guided PPG may represent a promising breakthrough for procuring indispensable information in the management of patients with liver disease.
Resistant Hypertension in CKD.

Resistant hypertension is defined as BP that remains above goal despite the use of three antihypertensive medications at optimal doses of different classes, typically including a calcium channel blocker, a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker, and a diuretic ([1][1]). Studies typically report
Review of Community-Based Art Education Across the Lifespan: Finding Common Ground

Several excellent paradigmatic approaches exist that emerge from various permutations of the terms community and art across the disciplines of art, education, and art education, with a vast number ...
Influence of leg sizing and spacing on power generation and thermal stresses of thermoelectric devices

Abstract The influence of leg dimensions and spacing on power-generation and thermo-mechanical performance of thermoelectric devices was investigated using numerical and statistical analyses tools. Bismuth-telluride based thermoelectric device models with rectangular-prism and cylindrical legs were simulated for a temperature range of 20–120 °C and various leg heights between 1 and 5 mm, widths/diameters between 1 and 2 mm, and spacing between 0.5 and 1.5 mm. Predicted power output, conversion efficiencies, and thermal stresses were validated with less than 8.9%, 1.2%, and 6.6% variations respectively. It is found that both leg width and height have a significant effect on power generation and thermal stresses: The relationship between power generation performance and thermal stress levels is inverse. Although leg spacing has effect on thermal stress and conversion efficiency, its effect on power output is negligible.
Spatial distribution of melt conduits in the mantle beneath oceanic spreading ridges: Observations from the Ingalls and Oman ophiolites

[1] Ophiolites are on-land exposures of igneous crust and residual upper mantle formed beneath submarine spreading ridges. Upper mantle outcrops in ophiolites provide insight into focusing of melt transport from a ∼100 km wide region of partial melting into an ∼5 km wide zone of igneous crustal accretion beneath the ridges. Dunite veins, composed of the minerals olivine and spinel, mark conduits for melt transport through at least the uppermost 30 km of the mantle. New data in this paper, on dunite veins in the Ingalls ophiolite, central Washington Cascades, show a power law relationship between frequency and width, in which frequency/m ≈0.02 width−3 over a size interval from ∼0.1 to 2 m. There may be several ways to generate this relationship, but we favor the hypothesis that the dunites represent a coalescing melt transport network. This conclusion is broadly consistent with the related hypothesis that mantle melt extraction occurs in a fractal, branching network, and with recent results on formation of a coalescing network of dissolution channels via flow of a solvent through a partially soluble, compacting porous medium.
Self-referentiality of justified knowledge

The principal result of Justification Logic is the Realization Theorem, which states that behind major epistemic modal logics there are corresponding systems of evidence/justification terms sufficient for reading all provable knowledge assertions as statements about justifications. A knowledge/belief modality is self-referential if there are modal sentences that cannot be realized without using self-referential evidence of type "t is a proof of A(t)." Building on an earlier result that S4 and its justification counterpart LP describe knowledge that is self-referential, we show that the same is true for K4, D4, and T with their justification counterparts whereas for K and D self-referentiality can be avoided. Therefore, no single modal axiom from the standard axiomatizations of these logics is responsible for self-referentiality.
APPlaUSE: Abrea and pberformance optimization in a ubnified placement and sbynthesis ebnvironment

We present a new methodology for \hls, which incorporates placement in an early phase of the synthesis process. This placement, prior to interconnect and storage allocation, allows for early and accurate estimates on area and net length. These cost factors are critical for the quality of the chip. The system has been implemented and extensive tests verify the estimates to be accurate.
An introductory design and innovation course at the University of Tennessee

Recent surveys of practicing engineers and employers of engineers have identified a need for engineering education to create opportunities for developing stronger communications and interpersonal skills, improve problem solving techniques, and challenge the creative thinking and conceptualization abilities of engineering students. Traditional teaching methodologies often lack opportunities for students to develop these "soft" skills or limit their exposure to this training to senior capstone design courses. At the University of Tennessee, we have developed an introductory engineering course called BE 211, Engineering Design Workshop which was taught on a pilot basis during the 1994-95 academic year. This course was developed to meet this challenge using multiple team projects as a format. The paper describes our experience with these pilot sections. Among the techniques of note are; the integration of different types of projects to explore all aspects of the problem solving process, using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator for team formation, teaching team dynamics with the assistance of a consulting psychologist, extensive use of videotape for developing presentation skills, and using written responses to readings and group discussion to integrate technology, society, and engineering ethics issues into the course.
Nonreactivity of American avian group A rotaviruses with subgroup-specific monoclonal antibodies.

Nine group A rotavirus isolates recovered from commercially reared poultry in the United States did not react with subgroup 1 (255/60) or subgroup 2 (631/9) specific monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Images
Keynote: Challenges on the Road to Exascale Computing

Supercomputing systems have made great strides in recent years as the extensive computing needs of cutting-edge engineering work and scientific discovery have driven the development of more powerful systems. In 2008, we saw the arrival of the first petaflop machine, which quickly topped the Top500 list, while also occupying the number one position on the Green500 list. Historic trends indicate that in ten years, we should be at the exascale level. We believe that applications in many industries will be materially transformed by exascale systems and will drive systems not just to 1000X in raw performance but to equally dramatic improvements in data intensive computing and real time stream processing. Meeting the exascale challenge will require significant innovation in technology, architecture and programmability. Power is a fundamental problem at all levels; traditional memory cost and performance are not keeping pace with compute potential; the storage hierarchy will have to be re-architected; networks will be a much bigger part of the system cost; reliability at exascale levels will require a holistic approach to architecture design, and programmability and ease-of-use will be an essential component to extract the promised performance at the exascale level. In this talk, I will discuss the major challenges of exascale computing, touching on the areas of technology, architecture, reliability, programmability and usability. Biography of Tilak Agerwala Tilak Agerwala is vice president, Systems at IBM Research. He is responsible for developing the next-generation technologies for IBM's systems, from microprocessors to commercial systems and supercomputers, as well as novel supercomputing algorithms and applications. Dr. Agerwala joined IBM at the T.J. Watson Research Center and has held executive positions at IBM in research, advanced development, marketing and business development. His research interests are in the area of high performance computer architectures and systems. Dr. Agerwala received the W. Wallace McDowell Award from the IEEE in 1998 for outstanding contributions to the development of high performance computers. He is a founding member of the IBM Academy of Technology. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He received his B.Tech. in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India and his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Wear-resistance, lubricity, and adhesion of femtosecond pulsed laser deposited AlMgB14-based thin films

Ultrahard, wear-resistant coatings of thin-film AlMgB14 coatings could extend the service life of wear-prone components such as cutting tools and hydraulic pump vanes. Previous work with AlMgB14 has shown that it can have a hardness up to 46 GPa if alloyed with TiB2, and it can be coated as a thin film using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). These films have already shown promise in various industrial applications. Vane blades coated with AlMgB14 films via magnetron sputtering have significantly reduced the wear rate of the pump blades. Some research has been done on production of these films using nanosecond laser PLD, but this project was the first to use femtosecond pulsed laser deposition of coatings. In this work, research was conducted into methods to optimize the thin films’ wear resistance and lubricity. The addition of 70wt%TiB2 and/or a titanium interlayer was investigated to improve three parameters: wear-resistance, the steady-state coefficient of friction, and adhesion. The addition of TiB2 lowered the adhesion and increased the wear rate of the film. However, the films with the TiB2 addition did decrease the run-in time it took for the films to reach a steady-state coefficient of friction value. Films produced with a titanium interlayer were found to adhere to the M2 steel substrate better than films without the interlayer. The adhesion of the thin films to M2 tool steel substrates, assessed using the Rockwell C indentation adhesion test, was found to be substantially improved by the deposition of a titanium interlayer. The addition of the interlayer also lowered the steady-state coefficient of friction of the films. Ultimately, it was concluded that the film with the best properties was the pure AlMgB14 deposited for 20 minutes with a Ti interlayer.
Deliberative Expectations and Electoral Incentives for State Supreme Court Justices

Several scholars suggest that the amount of public reasoning expected from oﬃcials varies across institutions and is determined by the democratic connection of the institution. This paper evaluates this logic as a potential explanation for variation in the amount of public reasoning by state supreme courts across diﬀerent methods of selection. Since some states elect their courts, the above rationale is evaluated against the competing theory that judges are strategic, anticipating electoral sanctions and tailoring their deliberative outputs as necessary. To disentangle these explanations, this study uses a cross-sectional approach to examine variation in deliberative outputs across selection methods and a longitudinal analysis to examine variation in the deliberative outputs of particular judges in relation to the temporal distance until their next election. Taken as a whole, the results show how an expectation for public reasoning helps explain some variation in the degree of deliberation across and within state supreme courts in such a way that electoral incentives alone do not.
A covariance RLS lattice for adaptive filtering

"Covariance" or "unwindowed" Recursive Least Squares (RLS) adaptive algorithms are useful in applications where the input data cannot be assumed to be zero before application of these algorithms. Equivalently, the initial data inside the filter is nonzero before the very first iteration of the covariance RLS algorithm. Several computationally efficient covariance RLS algorithms have appeared in both lattice and transversal-filter form. However, the existing lattice algorithms have two problems that are remedied by the newly presented covariance-lattice RLS algorithm of this paper: First, the new algorithm permits a non-zero initial condition on the filter response (in addition to permitting the non-zero data), which is not permitted by any modification of the previous covariance-lattice RLS algorithms. Second, the new covariance-lattice algorithm can begin processing data at any point in time without the need for "warning" the algorithm (N-1) time samples in advance, as is required in all of the previous covariance-lattice algorithms. The new covariance lattice algorithm has an entirely different set of internal recursions in comparison to the previous algorithms, mainly because the order and number of terms in the sum of squared errors are unrelated during the computations comprising the new algorithm. An added benefit is that the new covariance-lattice RLS algorithm is also slightly more computationally efficient than the previous covariance-lattice RLS algorithms.