cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of the Sellar Dura in Transsphenoidal Surgery Using an Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Dural Substitute

Background The transsphenoidal approach for resecting pituitary tumors has classically included reconstruction of the anterior wall of the sella turcica. A variety of materials have been used in this process for the purpose of both recreating the original anatomy and preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. We studied the use of an ePTFE dural substitute (GORE Preclude MVP, W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA), as a method for obtaining reliable reconstruction of the sellar dura. Methods A prospective alternate case trial was designed to assess this new dural substitute wherein 60 patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgical resection of intrasellar lesions larger than 1 cm were included. Thirty patients had the sellar dura closed with ePTFE dural substitute, whereas 30 patients underwent anterior wall reconstruction as ordinarily performed in our institution. Results Each patient was reassessed at closure, and the operative site and sphenoid sinus were evaluated with 3-months-postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Three patients experienced postoperative CSF leaks: 1 with ePTFE dural substitute and 2 without. All 3 patients underwent a second operation to repair the CSF leak, without further complications. No other postoperative complications were noted in the series. Conclusion Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene dural substitute provides a safe and effective adjunctive method for reconstruction of the sellar dura.
High-pressure loculated pericardial effusion in postpericardiotomy syndrome.

An 81-year-old man presented with a 10-day history of progressively worsening dyspnea on exertion and decreased exercise tolerance 2 months after coronary artery bypass surgery for triple-vessel coronary artery disease; his pericardium was not closed at that time. Physical examination revealed blood pressure of 112/64 mm Hg, heart rate of 102 bpm, distant heart sounds, bilaterally decreased breath sounds and dullness on percussion of both lung bases, jugular venous pressure of 20 cm, 2+ bilateral lower extremity edema, and pulsus paradoxus of 23 mm Hg. Transthoracic echocardiogram was performed revealing large inferomedial loculated pericardial effusion (Figure 1, A systole, B diastole, and online-only Data …
Growth of tulips treated with sludge containing dewatering chemicals

Abstract Tulips were grown for 56 days in pots with a greenhouse medium containing a ferric chloride-lime treated, dewatered sludge called chemical sludge. Growth was compared with that of tulips receiving dried organic sludge, liquid organic sludge, primary effluent or tap water, to make a total of five treatments. The organic sludge, dried and liquid, had no chemicals added. It was either incorporated in a dried form into the medium or added in a liquid form to the surface. Average height of plants, in millimetres, at the end of the experiment for the five treatments was chemical sludge, 120; dried organic sludge, 192; liquid organic sludge, 466; effluent, 463 and water, 460. Extractable concentrations of Fe and Cl were no higher in the medium treated with the chemical sludge than in that treated with dried or liquid organic sludge. Electrical conductivities and extractable concentrations of Ca were 1·4 and 1·6 times higher, respectively, and extractable concentrations of Cu, Fe, K, P and Zn, 5·9, 2·6, 3·3, 2·8 and 1·8 times lower, respectively, in the medium treated with the chemical sludge than in that treated with the dried organic sludge. The results showed that the lime added to condition sludge at the sewage treatment plant reduced trace element, K and P availability.
Stretch and Shape Distributions of Droplets with Interfacial Tension in Chaotic Mixing

Abstract A numerical simulation is developed to study the time-dependent shapes of droplets in chaotic mixing, as a function of interfacial tension and droplet-to-matrix viscosity ratio. The two-dimensional, time-periodic Newtonian flow between eccentric cylinders is used as a prototype mixing flow. The microstructure is modeled as three-dimensional ellipsoidal droplets, ignoring breakup and coalescence. A Lagrangian particle method is used to follow the microstructure. When interfacial tension is small (global capillary number is large), the major axes of the droplets exhibit the same stretching statistics as passive fluid elements and droplets with zero interfacial tension in chaotic flows: the geometric average of the stretch ratio grows exponentially with time, at a rate equal to the Lyapunov exponent of the flow, while the log of the major-axis stretch of the droplets, when scaled by its instantaneous mean and standard deviation, has a time-invariant, Gaussian global distribution and a non-uniform, f...
A 2D crossover–based map of the human X chromosome as a model for map integration

We have contructed a two–dimensional map of 243 markers on the X chromosome. The average distance between markers ordered by two recombinants is 5.4 centiMorgans(cM), which is reduced to 3.2 cM using a less stringent criterion of one recombinant. Map resolution is enhanced by replacing the usual reference marker format with a 2D format, and the two–recombinant rule is more conservative than the lod 3.0 criterion for order. Taken together, crossover mapping and the 2D format produces maps with greater reliability and higher resolution than maps constructed using currently accepted standards. This first high–density crossover–based map of an entire human chromosome provides a model for integrating physical and genetic maps.
Commentary: Three Perspectives on Science Exhibits in the Museum of Science and Industry, Franklin Institute, and National Zoo:

In separate but related comments, each coauthor describes how controversial content is handled within a specific science exhibit or exhibits at the Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago, Illinois), the Franklin Institute (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), and the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park (Washington, D.C.). Together, the authors demonstrate how context, design, sponsorship, and politics increasingly influence science museum content and visitors' experiences.
Herpes Infections in the Immunosuppressed Host

Very recent studies indicate that a primitive immune system plays an important role in resisting herpesvirus infections in the mouse. This system appears to be reflected by the NK cell assay and preliminary data suggest that this test reflects resistance in man to herpesvirus infections. We propose that ths system may be responsible for resistance to reactivated herpesvirus infections and its suppression might result in clinically apparent disease. Studies in our laboratory are currently aimed at evaluating this possibility.
Severe separation of the pubic symphysis and prompt orthopedic surgical intervention.

BACKGROUND:The incidence of pubic symphysis separation during delivery is 1 in 300 to 1 in 30,000 pregnancies, and it can cause a variety of problems such as pain, bladder dysfunction, and difficulty ambulating. There is no consensus on how to treat pregnancy-related pubic symphyseal separation.CASE
Maxillofacial rehabilitation of a 7-year-old boy with osteosarcoma of the mandible using a free fibula flap and implant-supported prosthesis: A clinical report

This clinical report describes the multidisciplinary approach in the maxillofacial rehabilitation of a 7-year-old boy diagnosed with osteosarcoma of the mandible. Following surgical resection of the left half of the mandible from the angle to the parasymphyseal region, a free osseocutaneous flap from the fibula was used to successfully reconstruct the mandible. Dental implants were subsequently placed, and an implant-supported, removable mandibular resection prosthesis was fabricated. Prosthodontic planning and treatment considerations in a growing child with a reconstructed mandible are discussed.
The behavioral effects of magnesium therapy on recovery of function following bilateral anterior medial cortex lesions in the rat.

Magnesium (Mg(++)) therapy has been shown to be neuroprotective and to facilitate recovery of motor and sensorimotor function in a variety of animal models of traumatic brain injury. However, few studies have investigated the efficacy of Mg(++) therapy on cognitive impairments following injury. The present study evaluated the ability of magnesium chloride (MgCl(2)) to facilitate recovery of function following bilateral anterior medial cortex lesions (bAMC). Rats received electrolytic bAMC lesions or sham surgery and were then treated with 1 mmol/kg, i.p. MgCl(2), 2 mmol/kg, i.p. MgCl(2), or 1.0 ml/kg, i.p. 0.9% saline. Drug treatment was administered 15 min following injury with subsequent injections administered at 24 and 72 h. Rats were tested on a battery of behavioral tests that measured both cognitive (reference and working memory in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and spatial delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS)) and sensorimotor performance (bilateral tactile adhesive removal). The results indicated that bAMC lesions produced significant cognitive impairments in reference memory and working memory in the MWM, DMTS and sensorimotor impairments compared to shams. Mg(++) therapy exhibited a dose-dependent effect in facilitating recovery of function. Administration of 2mmol of MgCl(2) significantly improved performance on the bilateral adhesive tactile removal test, DMTS and working memory tests. The 1 mmol dose of MgCl(2) reduced the initial deficit on the tactile adhesive removal test and reduced the working memory impairment on the second day of testing. These results suggest Mg(++) therapy improves cognitive performance following injury in a dose-dependent manner.
Baseline pain as a moderator of hypnotic analgesia for burn injury treatment

Sixty-one patients hospitalized for severe burns were randomly assigned to conditions in which they received either hypnosis or a control condition in which they received attention, information, and brief relaxation instructions from a psychologist. The posttreatment pain scores of the 2 groups did not differ significantly when all patients were considered. However, when a subset of patients who reported high levels of baseline pain were examined, it was found that patients in the hypnosis group reported less posttreatment pain than did patients in the control group. The findings are used to replicate earlier studies of burn pain hypnoanalgesia, explain discrepancies in the literature, and highlight the potential importance of motivation with this population.
The most highly amphiphilic α‐helices include two amino acid segments in human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein 41

A search for highly amphiphilic alpha-helices has been made in a data base of protein sequences, using the helical hydrophobic moment as a criterion of amphiphilicity. The protein segments of largest hydrophobic moment have been analyzed. For the segments whose structures are known, they are in fact alpha-helices. Two of the segments having very large hydrophobic moments are from the smaller C-terminal portion of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp41. Also, among segments having large hydrophobic moments, but not among the most extreme, are lytic peptides such as melittin. Melittin seeks surfaces between polar and apolar phases, including the membrane-water interface. It is conceivable that the gp41 segments of extreme hydrophobic moment may participate in one of the membrane-related functions of the HIV virus.
Cognitive Function, Physical Performance, Health, and Disease: Norms from the Georgia Centenarian Study

This study provides, for the first time, normative data on cognitive functioning and physical performance, health and health behaviors, and diseases from a population-based sample of 244 centenarians and near-centenarians (M age = 100.5 years, range 98-108, 84.8% women, 21.3% African American) from the Georgia Centenarian Study. Data are presented by the four key dimensions of gender, race, residence, and educational attainment. Results illustrate the profound range of functioning in this age group and indicate considerable differences as a function of each dimension. Bivariate models generally suggest that cognitive functioning and physical performance is higher for men than women; whites than African Americans; community than facility residents; and those with more than high school education than those with less than high school education. Multivariate models elaborate that differences in educational attainment generally account for the largest proportion of variance in cognitive functioning and residential status generally accounts for the largest proportion of variance in physical performance measures. Addition of health variables seldom increases variance accounted for in each domain beyond these four dimensions.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging in rats subjected to intense electrical and noxious chemical stimulation of the forepaw.

Abstract We examined whether cerebral activation to two different intense and painful stimuli could be detected using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in α-chloralose anesthetized rats. Experiments were performed using a 9.4 T magnet and a surface coil centered over the forebrain. A set of gradient echo images were acquired and analyzed using our software based on fuzzy cluster analysis (EvIdent™). Following the injection of 50 μl of formalin (5%) into the forepaw we observed a regional increase in signal intensity in the MR images in all animals. Anterior cingulate cortex, frontal cortex and sensory-motor cortex were some of the regions that activated frequently and often bilaterally. Surprisingly, activation appeared sequentially, often occurring first in either the right or the left hemisphere with a separation of seconds to minutes between peak activations. Morphine pre-treatment (1 mg/kg, i.v.) delayed and/or reduced the intensity of the activation resulting in a decrease in the overall response. Following episodes of intense electrical stimulation, produced by two brief stimulations (15 V, 0.3 ms, 3 Hz) of the forepaw, activation was observed consistently in the sensory-motor cortex contralateral to the stimulation. Activation also occurred frequently in the anterior cingulate cortex, ipsilateral sensory-motor cortex and frontal cortical regions. All these regions of activation were markedly reduced during nitrous oxide inhalation. Treatment with morphine resulted in an inhibition of the activation response to electrical stimulation in most regions except for sensory-motor cortex. Thus, electrical and chemical noxious stimuli activated regions that are known to be involved in the central processing of pain and morphine modified the activation observed. fMRI combined with appropriate exploratory data analysis tools could provide an effective new tool with which to study novel analgesics and their effects on the CNS processing of pain in animal models.
Application of non-hierarchically clustered circulation components to surface weather conditions : Lake superior basin winter temperatures

An S-mode principal component analysis was applied to the correlation and covariance matrices of a 700 hPa height window centered over eastern North America. The first five components were retained and rotated. K-means clustering algorithm was applied to the four solutions to generate 22 circulation types for each. Regression models were built, relating monthly mean temperature anomalies to monthly circulation type frequencies. The results were compared to those obtained in an earlier study using a correlation-based approach to classify the same data set. It was found that i) the amount of within-type variability is comparable for the two and that ii) the difference between cold and warm days of a circulation type is for both classification approaches an anomaly located to the east of the lake. A detailed analysis of this difference indicated that some information is contained in the scores for the first five principal components (and could therefore be used to improve the regression results) but that some is contained in the higher order components and was thus lost. Differences in the PC scores between warm and cold days were used to divide the circulation types into warm and cold subtypes. This improved the regression results but the best results were still inferior to those that had been obtained with the correlation-based classification.
Effects of altering brain cholinergic activity on covert orienting of attention: comparison of monkey and human performance.

Experiments were conducted to elucidate the role of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in arousal and the orienting of attention to peripheral targets. Rhesus monkeys and humans fixated a visual stimulus and responded to the onset of visual targets presented randomly in two visual field locations. The target was preceded by a valid cue (cue and target at the same location), an invalid cue (cue and target to opposite locations), a double cue (cues to both spatial locations, target to one), or, the cue was omitted (no-cue, target to either location). Reaction times (RTs) to the onset of the target were recorded. For monkeys, systemic injections of nicotine (0.003–0.012 mg/kg) or atropine (0.001–0.01 mg/kg), but not saline control injections, reduced mean RTs for all trials, indicating general behavioral stimulation. In addition, nicotine significantly reduced RTs for invalid trials but had little additional effect on those for valid, double, or no-cue trials. Virtually identical effects were observed for human chronic tobacco smokers in performing the same task following cigarette smoking. Injections of atropine in monkeys had no effect on RTs for valid or invalid trials but significantly slowed RTs in double-cue trials that did not require the orienting of attention. These results suggest that in both species, the nicotinic cholinergic system may play a role in automatic sensory orienting. In addition, the muscarinic system may play a role in alerting to visual stimuli in monkeys.
GPR17 Regulates Immune Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by House Dust Mites

Antagonists of the type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT 1 R) are efficacious for bronchoconstriction in humans with bronchial asthma; however, the clinical response to these drugs is heterogeneous. In particular, how CysLT 1 R expression and function are constitutively regulated in vivo is not known. In this study, we show that a seven-transmembrane receptor, GPR17, negatively regulates the CysLT 1 R-mediated inflammatory cell accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung, the levels of IgE and specific IgG1 in serum, and Th2/Th17 cytokine expression in the lung after intranasal sensitization and challenge with the house dust mite (extract of Dermatophagoides farinae [ Df ]) in mice. Sensitization of naive wild-type recipients with Df -pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells of each genotype or sensitization of each genotype with Df -pulsed wild-type bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and Df challenge revealed markedly increased pulmonary inflammatory and serum IgE responses for GPR17-deficient mice as compared with wild-type mice and reduced responses in the genotypes lacking CysLT 1 R. These findings reveal a constitutive negative regulation of CysLT 1 R functions by GPR17 in both the Ag presentation and downstream phases of allergic pulmonary inflammation.
Distributed and centralized multiuser detection with antenna arrays

In this letter, we have analyzed and compared two different multiuser detection receiver structures that are appropriate for code-division multiple-access systems with multiple antennas. We compare the distributed decorrelator (where signal decorrelation is performed at each receiving antenna) and the centralized decorrelator (where decorrelation is performed once collectively). We show that they provide the same performance in additive Gaussian noise channels. The distributed decorrelator provides better performance in flat fading channels.
Utility of initial EEG in first complex febrile seizure

Abstract Objective The risk of developing epilepsy following febrile seizures (FS) varies between 2% and 10%, with complex febrile seizures (CFS) having a higher risk. We examined the utility of detected epileptiform abnormalities on the initial EEG following a first CFS in predicting subsequent epilepsy. Methods This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients (ages 6–60 months) who were neurologically healthy or mildly delayed, seen in the ED following a first CFS and had both an EEG and minimum of 2-year follow-up. Data regarding clinical characteristics, EEG report, development of subsequent epilepsy, and type of epilepsy were collected. Established clinical predictors for subsequent epilepsy in children with FS and EEG status were evaluated for potential correlation with the development of subsequent epilepsy. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of an abnormal EEG (epileptiform EEG) were calculated. Results A group of 154 children met our inclusion criteria. Overall, 20 (13%) children developed epilepsy. The prevalence of epilepsy was 13% (CI 8.3–19.6%). Epileptiform abnormalities were noted in 21 patients (13.6%), EEG slowing in 23 patients (14.9%), and focal asymmetry in six (3.8%). Epileptiform EEGs were noted in 20% (4/20) of patients with epilepsy and 13% (17/134) of patients without epilepsy (p = 0.48). At an estimated risk of subsequent epilepsy of 10% (from population-based studies of children with FS), we determined that the PPV of an epileptiform EEG for subsequent epilepsy was 15%. None of the clinical variables (presence of more than 1 complex feature, family history of epilepsy, or status epilepticus) predicted epilepsy. Conclusions An epileptiform EEG was not a sensitive measure and had a poor positive predictive value for the development of epilepsy among neurologically healthy or mildly delayed children with a first complex febrile seizure. The practice of obtaining routine EEG for predicting epilepsy after the first CFS needs clarification by well-defined prospective studies.
Nitrogen metabolism during synchronous growth of Chlorella. II. Free-, peptide-, and protein-amino acid distribution.

The levels of free-, peptide-, and protein-amino acids were measured during the synchronous growth and division cycle of a thermophilic strain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Most of the protein amino acids exhibited little periodism (as % of total cellular-N); however, the free- and peptide-amino acids showed a variety of dramatic changes in level during the cell cycle. Fractionation of the acid-soluble peptides by Sephadex gel-filtration showed that an average of only 2.8% of the peptide amino acids were associated with peptides of high molecular weight (> 5000), while approximately 75% of the peptide amino acids were components of low molecular weight peptides (< 700). The low molecular weight peptides were predominately made up of relatively few amino acids (i.e., alanine, glutamate, lysine, glycine and arginine accounted for approximately 92% of the low molecular weight peptide amino acids). Several experiments revealed that nucleotide-peptides do not contribute significantly to the pool of acid-soluble peptides during the cell cycle of this organism.
Primary Modes and Predictability of Year-to-Year Snowpack Variations in the Western United States from Teleconnections with Pacific Ocean Climate

Snowpack, as measured on 1 April, is the primary source of warm-season streamflow for most of the western United States and thus represents an important source of water supply. An understanding of climate factors that influence the variability of this water supply and thus its predictability is important for water resource management. In this study, principal component analysis is used to identify the primary modes of 1 April snowpack variability in the western United States. Two components account for 61% of the total snowpack variability in the western United States. Relations between these modes of variability and indices of Pacific Ocean climate
Relationship between cytokines and the embryotoxicity of hydrosalpingeal fluid.

Objective: The exact chemical composition of hydrosalpingeal fluid is unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize cytokines in hydrosalpingeal fluid (HSF) and examine their possible role in the embryo development. Study Design: HSF was aspirated at laparoscopic salpingectomy in eight infertile women. Levels of IL-1β, IL-13, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α in the HSF were determined by quantitative immunoassay kits. Two-cell mouse embryos were incubated with 0, 25, 50 and 75% concentrations of HSF. The blastocyst development rate (BDR) of mouse embryos was measured at each HSF concentration. Result(s): The embryotoxicity of HSF was concentration dependent. An increase in the HSF concentration resulted in significant decrease in % BDR (p < 0.01). IL-1β was present in six of the eight HSF samples with a mean (± SD) concentration of 0.9 ± 0.8 pg/mL. IL-13 was not detected in any of the HSF samples. IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected in all samples with a mean (± SD) concentration of 4741.2 ± 6554.4 pg/mL, 204.8± 132.8 pg/ml and 12 ± 12.8 pg/mL respectively. IL-6 was positively correlated with BDR (r = 0.53; p < 0.04). Conclusion(s): We demonstrated for the first time the presence of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α and the absence of IL-13 in human hydrosalpingeal fluid. IL-6 was positively related to the BDR.
Increased Faculty Presence on Inpatient Teaching Services

Objectives To determine whether the level of presence of faculty in the afternoon or evening influences residents' perception of learning, "autonomy," or satisfaction, and if so whether the effect is positive or negative. Subjects and Methods A survey of internal medicine residents was conducted from January 1 through June 30, 1999. Primary outcome was residents' satisfaction and its relationship to the degree of (resident-observed) faculty presence. Results A total of 156 (86.7%) of the 180 surveys distributed were returned. Residents rated the individual faculty members' frequency of afternoon or evening presence as "most/all of the time" (47%), "occasionally" (32%), or "never/rarely" (21%). Increased faculty presence was positively associated with higher resident "satisfaction with faculty" ( P P =.001), "team dynamics" ( P =.002), "(quality of) overall medical care provided" ( P =.03), and "sufficient autonomy" ( P =.04). Residents were less likely to report concerns (difficulties) with teaching ( P P =.008) of faculty whose level of presence was increased. Conclusion Contrary to some concerns expressed, increased faculty presence is associated with higher resident satisfaction and a more favorable learning experience.
ANALYSIS OF THE Si IV ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA OF U SAGITTAE

Archival IUE spectra of U Sge have been used to study hot (D105 K) circumstellar gas in this system. The observed spectra contain several UV resonance lines, of which the Si IV lines (jj1394 and 1405) are the strongest. These lines are observed in absorption, so we must remove the photospheric absorption line contribution to the spectra in order to see the emission produced by the circumstellar gas. We have developed a robust method for creating such diUerence spectra from IUE data. In the observed spectra we see a variation in the line pro—les and line centers with an orbital phase suggesting the presence of circumstellar gas. The residual emission seen in the diUerence spectra is strongest between phases / \ 0.3 and / \ 0.7, with a strength of up to 0.2 of the continuum —ux. This is con—rmed by the presence of an emission region visible in the Doppler tomogram of the j1394 line. This is consistent with the location of an Ha ii absorption zone ˇˇ seen in tomograms of U Sge and U CrB, and with theoretical predictions of a high temperature accretion region. Subject headings : accretion, accretion disksbinaries : eclipsingcircumstellar matter ¨ stars : individual (U Sagittae) ¨ ultraviolet : stars
Does the Greater Omentum (“Policeman of the Abdomen”) Possess Therapeutic Utility in CKD?

CKD is a progressive disorder that results in ESRD, requiring chronic hemodialysis or a kidney transplant, and affects 400 million individuals globally and 36 million individuals in the United States.[1][1] In up to 50% of all cases, CKD is caused by diabetic nephropathy (DN).[2][2],[3][3] CKD per
Self-heterodyne multiterminal system concepts for frequency division multiplexed fiber-optic communication

System structures are described that use a centralized optical source for supplying all optical power needs-signal generation and coherent detection. In the configurations described the following benefits occur. Functional systems can be implemented with already demonstrated, and in many cases readily available components. There is no need for local oscillator optical sources and there is no need to stabilize the local oscillators with respect to a remote transmitter frequency to achieve coherent detection. Increases selectivity against other signal frequencies and increased signal-to-noise result from the use of coherent detection. When configured to equalize reference and signal time delay paths, both slow and fast laser source phase and frequency jitter are compensated for. One may therefore efficiently implemented multiple-access frequency division multiplexed networks in which the individual communication bandwidths are small compared to the linewidth of the laser power source. >
Some aspects of modern population mathematics.

Abstract "The purpose of this paper is to survey a number of the technical tools and models that have found use in the study of human and other populations, and to indicate some problems of current interest. These tools and models are varied: integral equations, nonlinear oscillations, differential geometry, dynamical systems, nonlinear operation, bifurcation theory, semigroup theory, martingale theory, Markov processes, diffusion processes, branching processes, ergodic theory, prediction theory and state-space models. A fairly extensive bibliography is provided. Also an Appendix has been added describing the analysis of a classical entomological data set." (summary in FRE)
Rent Seeking in Successive Monopoly: The Case of Casino Gambling in New Orleans

This study explores how rent seeking in the U.S. casino gambling industry relates to unique issues concerning industry structure. To do so, we apply mathematical and graphical approaches from industrial economics to the history of land-based casino gambling in New Orleans, Louisiana, a history that includes public franchising, successive monopoly, vertical separation and integration, and rent seeking costs. Our conceptual approach highlights how local governments can gain advantages over higher forms of government (e.g., state government) in rent seeking contests.
Non‐local dispersive model for wave propagation in heterogeneous media: one‐dimensional case

Non-local dispersive model for wave propagation in heterogeneous media is derived from the higher-order mathematical homogenization theory with multiple spatial and temporal scales. In addition to the usual space–time co-ordinates, a fast spatial scale and a slow temporal scale are introduced to account for rapid spatial fluctuations of material properties as well as to capture the long-term behaviour of the homogenized solution. By combining various order homogenized equations of motion the slow time dependence is eliminated giving rise to the fourth-order differential equation, also known as a ‘bad’ Boussinesq problem. Regularization procedures are then introduced to construct the so-called ‘good’ Boussinesq problem, where the need for C1 continuity is eliminated. Numerical examples are presented to validate the present formulation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smagorinsky constant in LES modeling of anisotropic MHD turbulence

Turbulent fluctuations in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows can become strongly anisotropic or even quasi-2D under the action of an applied magnetic field. We investigate this phenomenon in the case of low magnetic Reynolds numbers. It has been found in earlier DNS and LES of homogeneous turbulence that the degree of anisotropy is predominantly determined by the value of the magnetic interaction parameter and only slightly depends on the Reynolds number, type of large-scale dynamics, and the length scale. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the dynamic Smagorinsky model is capable of self-adjustment to the effects of anisotropy. In this paper, we capitalize on these results and propose a simple and effective generalization of the traditional non-dynamic Smagorinsky model to the case of anisotropic MHD turbulence.
LONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR THE STATISTICAL DESIGN OF A FOREST HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM*

A conceptual framework is given for a broad-scale survey of forest health that accomplishes three objectives: generate descriptive statistics; detect changes in such statistics; and simplify analytical inferences that identify, and possibly establish cause-effect relationships. Our paper discusses the development of sampling schemes to satisfy these three objectives, but without any design restrictions implied by existing sample surveys. A general vision of a desirable future system will increase chances that short-term decisions will lead to better environmental monitoring systems in the long term.
Recombineering and stable integration of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 hrp/hrc cluster into the genome of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1

Many Gram-negative bacteria use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to establish associations with their hosts. The T3SS is a conduit for direct injection of type-III effector proteins into host cells, where they manipulate the host for the benefit of the infecting bacterium. For plant-associated pathogens, the variations in number and amino acid sequences of type-III effectors, as well as their functional redundancy, make studying type-III effectors challenging. To mitigate this challenge, we developed a stable delivery system for individual or defined sets of type-III effectors into plant cells. We used recombineering and Tn5-mediated transposition to clone and stably integrate, respectively, the complete hrp/hrc region from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 into the genome of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1. We describe our development of Effector-to-Host Analyzer (EtHAn), and demonstrate its utility for studying effectors for their in planta functions.
Extracellular Mipp1 Activity Confers Migratory Advantage to Epithelial Cells during Collective Migration

Multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (Mipp), a highly conserved but poorly understood histidine phosphatase, dephosphorylates higher-order IPs (IP4-IP6) to IP3. To gain insight into the biological roles of these enzymes, we have characterized Drosophila mipp1. mipp1 is dynamically expressed in the embryonic trachea, specifically in the leading cells of migrating branches at late stages, where Mipp1 localizes to the plasma membrane and filopodia. FGF signaling activates mipp1 expression in these cells, where extensive filopodia form to drive migration and elongation by cell intercalation. We show that Mipp1 facilitates formation and/or stabilization of filopodia in leading cells through its extracellular activity. mipp1 loss decreases filopodia number, whereas mipp1 overexpression increases filopodia number in a phosphatase-activity-dependent manner. Importantly, expression of Mipp1 gives cells a migratory advantage for the lead position in elongating tracheal branches. Altogether, these findings suggest that extracellular pools of inositol polyphosphates affect cell behavior during development.
The Analysis of Sequence in Social Interaction

Although all behaviors occur over time, it is relatively uncommon for the temporal order or sequence of behaviors to be a matter of great interest in psychological research. Thus sequence, an intrinsic feature of all behavioral phenomena, has been largely ignored in attempts to explore and understand these phenomena. It is particularly noteworthy that this oversight occurs in research on social interaction, where investigators often claim to study reciprocity, patterns, processes, systems, and cycles. Rather than examine the sequential dependencies among behaviors that are strongly implied by these terms, simple rates of behavior are often studied instead. This practice is deficient because it fails to capture the dynamic qualities of social interaction and also promotes inferential error: A behavior that emerges from the combined actions of two individuals is often viewed as being solely determined by the one individual exhibiting the behavior. More generally, “efforts to analyze given actions while ignoring their interactive context seem misdirected, error prone, and noise generating” (Duncan, Kanki, Mokros, & Fiske, 1984, p. 1346).
RNA Sequence Analysis of Human Huntington Disease Brain Reveals an Extensive Increase in Inflammatory and Developmental Gene Expression.

Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. Transcriptional dysregulation in the human HD brain has been documented but is incompletely understood. Here we present a genome-wide analysis of mRNA expression in human prefrontal cortex from 20 HD and 49 neuropathologically normal controls using next generation high-throughput sequencing. Surprisingly, 19% (5,480) of the 28,087 confidently detected genes are differentially expressed (FDR<0.05) and are predominantly up-regulated. A novel hypothesis-free geneset enrichment method that dissects large gene lists into functionally and transcriptionally related groups discovers that the differentially expressed genes are enriched for immune response, neuroinflammation, and developmental genes. Markers for all major brain cell types are observed, suggesting that HD invokes a systemic response in the brain area studied. Unexpectedly, the most strongly differentially expressed genes are a homeotic gene set (represented by Hox and other homeobox genes), that are almost exclusively expressed in HD, a profile not widely implicated in HD pathogenesis. The significance of transcriptional changes of developmental processes in the HD brain is poorly understood and warrants further investigation. The role of inflammation and the significance of non-neuronal involvement in HD pathogenesis suggest anti-inflammatory therapeutics may offer important opportunities in treating HD.
Permanent Plots for Agriculture and Forestry

In shifting cultivation as described in the first chapters, fields and crops are rotated or abandoned to fallow for a number of years, and soil fertility is restored through natural processes. Shifting cultivation frequently is considered primitive and predevelopment, despite the evidence that some native systems may be highly sophisticated ecologically and that in such systems species and rotations are well adapted to local conditions and needs (Denevan et al. 1984).
The Role of Conversational Norms and Sensitivity to Omissions in Judgment Basel OnLimited Evidence

When judging an object described by limited evidence, people often make judgments based on the evaluative implications of what is known and fail to adjust for what is unknown. Consequently, people tend to form extreme and confident judgments of an object even when little information is provided. The present study investigates the extent to which the tendency to form strong judgments on the basis of weak evidence stems from conversational inferences and assumptions about the intent of the communicator or from insensitivity to the limitations of the presented evidence. Participants received a brief description of a target object provided by a credible or a noncredible communicator. Attributions for omissions (missing information) were assessed either before or after assessing overall evaluations of the target object. The least favorable attributions and the least favorable evaluations were formed toward a target object described by a non-credible communicator, but only when evaluations were elicited after attributions. In the remaining conditions, participants exhibited more sensitivity to the credibility of the communicator and to the limitations of the evidence. Implications of the results for understanding judgment based on limited evidence are discussed.
Developing a chairable computing platform to support power wheelchair users

Power wheelchair users often use and carry multiple mobile computing devices. Many wheelchair users experience motor impairments that affect their hands, arms, neck, and head. Additionally, a power wheelchair user's ability to interact with computing technology may be physically restricted by the wheelchair's frame, which can obstruct movement or limit reach. We believe these accessibility issues can be overcome by designing new systems to take advantage of the physical abilities of the user while leveraging the wheelchair's frame to create assistive systems. We also hope to make progress toward limiting social barriers that hinder technology adoption. This could potentially improve the overall benefit of emerging technologies for people with varying abilities. With this research I aim to develop an interactive wheelchair-based computing platform designed to support the unique and dynamic needs of power wheelchair users while also creating new interaction possibilities.
Acoustic-Prosodic, Turn-taking, and Language Cues in Child-Psychologist Interactions for Varying Social Demand

Impaired social communication and social reciprocity are the primary phenotypic distinctions between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other developmental disorders. We investigate quantitative conversational cues in child-psychologist interactions using acoustic-prosodic, turn-taking, and language features. Results indicate the conversational quality degraded for children with higher ASD severity, as the child exhibited difficulties conversing and the psychologist varied her speech and language strategies to engage the child. When interacting with children with increasing ASD severity, the psychologist exhibited higher prosodic variability, increased pausing, more speech, atypical voice quality, and less use of conventional conversational cue such as assents and non-fluencies. Children with increasing ASD severity spoke less, spoke slower, responded later, had more variable prosody, and used personal pronouns, affect language, and fillers less often. We also investigated the predictive power of features from interaction subtasks with varying social demands placed on the child. We found that acoustic prosodic and turn-taking features were more predictive during higher social demand tasks, and that the most predictive features vary with context of interaction. We also observed that psychologist language features may be robust to the amount of speech in a subtask, showing significance even when the child is participating in minimal-speech, low social-demand tasks. Index Terms: autism spectrum disorders, atypical prosody, social reciprocity, turn-taking, language cues
Improving the Accuracy of Hybrid Meta-GGA Density Functionals by Range Separation

The Minnesota family of exchange–correlation functionals, which consists of meta generalized gradient approximations (meta-GGAs) and global-hybrid meta-GGAs, has been successful for density functional calculations of molecular structure, properties, and thermochemistry, kinetics, noncovalent interactions, and spectroscopy. Here, we generalize the functional form by using range-separated hybrid meta-GGA exchange. We optimize a functional, called M11, with the new form against a broad database of energetic chemical properties and compare its performance to that of several other functionals, including previous Minnesota functionals. We require the percentage of Hartree–Fock exchange to be 100 at large interelectronic distance, and we find an optimum percentage of 42.8 at short range. M11 has good across-the-board performance and the smallest mean unsigned error over the whole test set of 332 data; it has especially good performance for main-group atomization energies, proton affinities, electron affinities, ...
Development of Pheromone Trapping Techniques for Male San Jose Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae)

The effects of pheromone trap design and trap placement on collections of male San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), were studied over a 3-year period in California, Oregon, and Washington. Open (tent) trap designs were more efficient than closed traps, with small tent traps as good as larger tent traps. Trap placement in the north or east tree quadrants consistently produced the highest collections of male scale, but these catches are probably influenced by local meteorological conditions at the time of male flight. Collections of male scale increased as trap height increased into the upper tree canopy. Comparisons of the three pheromone isomers showed isomer SJS-3 generally to be more attractive than either SJS-1 or SJS-2. Pheromone dispenser load rates of 100 to 1,000 μg of SJS-2 showed no significant reduction in scale collections with 300- to 1,000-μg rates, compared with fresh 300-μg loads after 8 weeks of field exposure. Fresh, 300-μg loads were significantly better than all dispensers aged 16 to 19 weeks in the field
Flow Boiling in a Microchannel Heat Sink

Flow boiling heat transfer in a microchannel heat sink is experimentally investigated. The microchannels considered are 275 μm wide and 636 μm deep, and the experiments are conducted at inlet water temperatures in the range of 66 to 95°C and mass fluxes of 341 to 936 kg/m2 s. Convective boiling heat transfer coefficients are measured and compared to predictions from correlations proposed for larger channels. While an existing correlation was found to provide satisfactory prediction of the heat transfer coefficient in subcooled boiling in the microchannels, saturated boiling was not well predicted by the correlations for macrochannels. A new heat transfer model is developed to correlate the data in the saturated boiling regime. Good agreement with the experimental measurements indicates that this correlation is suitable for use in the design of two-phase microchannel heat sinks.© 2005 ASME
Cartographies of the Voice: Storying the Land as Survivance in Native American Oral Traditions

This article examines how Native places are made, named, and reconstructed after colonization through storytelling. Storying the land is a process whereby the land is invested with the moral and spiritual perspectives specific to Native American communities. As seen in the oral traditions and written literature of Native American storytellers and authors, the voices of indigenous people retrace and remap cartographies for the land after colonization through storytelling. This article shows that the Americas were storied by Native American communities long before colonial contact beginning in the fifteenth century and demonstrates how the land continues to be storied in the present as a method of decolonization and cultural survivance. The article examines manifestations of the oral tradition in multiple forms, including poetry, interviews, fiction, photography, and film, to demonstrate that the land itself, through storytelling, becomes a repository of the oral tradition. The article investigates oral narratives from precontact and postcolonial time periods and across numerous nations and geographical regions in the Americas, including stories from the Mayan Popol Vuh; Algonkian; Western Apache; Hopi; Haudenosaunee/Iroquois; and Laguna Pueblo stories; and the contemporary poetry and fiction of Joy Harjo (Mvskoke/Creek Nation) and Leslie Marmon Silko (Laguna Pueblo).
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Roadmap for Future Research

Investigators from the NINDS and the Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance sponsored a workshop in March 2015, which joined basic scientists and clinicians with expertise in various aspects of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), in order to assess the current state of TSC research and to set future goals.