cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fluoride on Glucose Catabolism in Plant Leaves.

The influence of fluoride injury on the pathway of glucose breakdown as estimated by the use of C/sub 6//C/sub 1/ ratios was studied in normal and injured leaves of Polygonum orientale L. and Chenopodium murale L. Decreased ratios were observed in damaged leaves, indicating a relative increase in importance of the pentose phosphate pathway. Such decreases were observed in excised leaves exposed to KF and in leaves from plants that were exposed to atmospheric HF. The decreased ratios are believed to be due to an inhibition of glycolysis, probably principally of the enzyme enolase. C/sub 6//C/sub 2/ ratios were also determined in both normal and fluoride-injured leaves. These ratios were consistently less than 1, which would be expected if glucose were catabolized by means of the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways. 23 references, 2 tables.
Regression Models with Spatially Correlated Errors

Abstract In this article we consider regression models for two-dimensional spatial data when the errors follow a spatial unilateral first-order autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model studied by Basu and Reinsel. We give details on the convenient computation of the generalized least squares (GLS) estimator of the regression parameters in the presence of spatially correlated errors, and compare the GLS estimator to the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator in some special cases. We also consider the restricted maximum likelihood estimators of the spatial correlation model parameters, which may be preferred over the maximum likelihood estimators. For the special case of the spatial unilateral first-order AR model, details of the maximum likelihood as well as the restricted maximum likelihood estimation are given. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the methods.
Pseudocapacitive charge storage via hydrogen insertion for molybdenum nitrides

Abstract Early transition metal nitrides are promising materials for use in electrochemical capacitors and as electrocatalysts due to their high electronic conductivities, high surface areas and electrochemical stabilities. In addition to double-layer (electrostatic) charge storage, these materials store charge via a pseudocapacitive mechanism involving charge-transfer reactions. This paper describes electrochemical and in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic results that provide important insights regarding the pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism for molybdenum nitrides in aqueous acids. From analysis of the rest potentials at varying pH values, we concluded that electrons and protons were coupled during charge transfer with a ratio of ∼2 electrons per proton. Cycling the Mo2N electrodes between −0.73 and −0.19 V, the stability window for this material, resulted in the removal of approximately one electron per Mo from a band that was primarily Mo in character. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra indicated minimal changes in the immediate local structure around Mo as the potential was varied. The results are consistent with reversible hydrogen insertion into and extraction from interstitial sites in the Mo2N lattice. Charge storage capacitances in excess of 1500 Fg−1 are predicted for materials with full occupation of these interstitial sites.
Cytodifferentiation and tissue phenotype change during transformation of embryonic lens epithelium to mesenchyme-like cells in vitro

A number of adult and embryonic epithelia, when suspended within native type I collagen gels, give rise to elongate bipolar cells that migrate freely within the three-dimensional matrix. The morphology of these newly formed mesenchyme-like cells is indistinguishable from "true" mesenchymal cells at the light and ultrastructural level. In this report, we extend previous observations on the transformation of embryonic avian lens epithelium to mesenchyme-like cells. Lens epithelia, dissected from 12-day chick embryos, were cultured either within a collagen matrix or on a two-dimensional surface. Cells derived from explants on the surface of type I collagen express the epithelial phenotype. The cells form new basal lamina, continue to express delta-crystallin protein and secrete both type IV collagen and laminin. In contrast, epithelia suspended within collagen gels lose epithelial morphology, phenotype, and cytodifferentiation. The newly formed mesenchyme-like cells lack the ability to synthesize lens-specific delta-crystallin protein, type IV collagen, and laminin. They do, however, express type I collagen de novo, a characteristic of mesenchymal cells. The changes in cytodifferentiation and tissue phenotype which occur during the transformation are stable under the conditions studied here. When mesenchyme-like cells are removed from the gel and replated onto two-dimensional surfaces, they remain bipolar, will invade collagen matrices, and are unable to synthesize delta-crystallin protein.
Endosonographic evaluation of mural abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract

An end-viewing fiberoptic gastroscope was modified to incorporate a high-resolution linear array real-time ultrasound transducer 7 cm proximal to the flexible tip of the instrument. This endoscope was used to evaluate 20 patients suspected of having mural disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract and five normal subjects. The endosonographic examination defined esophageal, stomach, and duodenal wall thickness in normal subjects. In patients with pathological findings, both diffuse and acoustically focal lesions were demonstrated, and the extent of these lesions were outlined. With focal masses, endosonographic findings also demonstrated echogenic differences between various submucosal tumors reflecting their differing etiology. The extent of invasion and adenopathy were identified in a patient with gastric carcinoma. With diffuse lesions, the depth of involvement could be outlined sonographically, but etiologic diagnosis depended on biopsy. Extrinsic masses with secondary invasion of the wall of the upper gastrointestinal tract were defined in six patients. It is suggested that endosonography may prove to be a useful technique for evaluation of mural, invasive extramural, and diffuse lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Surgical management of malignant mesothelioma.

Abstract The surgical management of 18 patients diagnosed as having malignant mesothelioma is reviewed. Of these patients, 7 received limited treatment—pleurectomy or biopsy. The mean survival was 10 months, and no patient was disease-free at time of death. The other 11 patients were treated by radical extrapleural pneumonectomy. There were 2 long-term, disease-free survivors at 2 and 4 years. Mean survival for the entire group was 15 months, but most patients received good palliation following tumor removal. Surgical procedures for removal of malignant mesothelioma can be accomplished safely and without major morbidity. When possible, radical extrapleural pneumonectomy affords the best palliation and the only opportunity for cure.
Effect of tangential derivative in the boundary layer on time averaged energy dissipation rate

Abstract We show that for shear driven flows the energy dissipation rate per unit volume is dominated by a function of the energy dissipation rate in the boundary layer due to the tangential derivatives of the tangential velocities or the tangential derivatives of the normal velocity. Hence if the energy dissipation rate in a (thick enough) boundary layer due to the tangential derivatives of the tangential velocities or the tangential derivatives of the normal velocity is small, the energy dissipation rate per unit volume has to be small as well. This leads to a possible explanation of the sub-Kolmogorov bound to the energy dissipation rate per unit volume for shear driven flows observed in laboratory data. However, the smallness of these tangential derivatives in the boundary layer in the averaged sense still needs to be proved rigorously from the Navier–Stokes equations. We hope that our result will stimulate discussion on modeling, numerical simulation and laboratory experiment on these tangential derivatives in the boundary layer.
Heterozygous M1V variant of ELA-2 gene mutation associated with G-CSF refractory severe congenital neutropenia.

Severe congenital neutropenia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by maturation arrest at the promyelocyte/myelocyte phase in the bone marrow, absolute neutrophil count <0.5 × 109/L and recurrent bacterial infections. Homozygous mutations of either HAX-1 or ELA-2 have been described. We report the case of a premature male infant with congenital neutropenia, associated with multiple infections, refractory to treatment with granulocyte colony stimulating factor who subsequently underwent matched sibling donor stem-cell transplant. He was found to be heterozygous for the M1V variant of the ELA-2 gene that we postulate to be causative for his severe neutropenia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 514–515. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Self-Esteem, Attitude Toward Parents, and Locus of Control in Children of Divorced and Non-Divorced Families

Sixty-two children of latency and early adolescence from divorced families were compared to sixty children of the same age from intact families in terms of their scores on indices of self-esteem, attitude toward parents, and locus of control. Significant differences were noted between the two groups with children from divorced families showing lower self-esteem, more negative attitudes toward their parents, and an external locus of control orientation. The findings are discussed in relation to other studies on the impact of divorce on children. Implications of the findings are made for social work practice and research.
Solvation of Rennet Curd from High-Heat-Treated Milk Influenced by Acid Type and pH

Mean solvation of caseins in unheated milk was 2.29 g of H2O/g of dry matter. Mean solvation of casein−whey protein complex in high-heat-treated (85 °C for 10 min) milk was 3.44 g of H2O/g of dry matter. Rennet treatment of heated or unheated milk reduced curd solvation, respectively, to 2.64 and 0.78 g of H2O/g of dry matter. Curd solvation decreased with milk pH and was dependent on the acid type used in acidification of the milk. Mean curd solvation, in decreasing order, resulting from acid type used was acetic = hydrochloric > phosphoric > lactic acids. Keywords: Solvation; acids; curd
MRI assessment of changes in tumor oxygenation post hypoxia-targeted therapy

In the tumor microenvironment, the combination of compromised oxygen supply and high demand results in formation of regions of acute and chronic hypoxia, which promotes metastasis, proliferation, resistance to chemo and radiotherapy and poor prognosis. Targeted, non-invasive in vivo imaging of hypoxia has the potential to determine regions with poor oxygenation in the target and differentiate between normoxic vs hypoxic tissues. MRI provides a powerful platform for generating quantitative maps of hypoxia with the use of a novel pO 2 measuring technique PISTOL (Proton imaging of siloxanes to map tissue oxygenation levels) which could impact the therapeutic choices. In the present study, PISTOL was used to determine the changes in oxygenation of tumor in pre-clinical models of NSCLC (H1975) and epidermoid carcinoma (A431) in response to tirapzamine (TPZ), a hypoxia activated chemotherapeutic. The tumor volume measurements indicate that tirapazamine was more effective in slowing the tumor growth in H1975 as compared to A431 tumors, even though lower baseline pO 2 was observed in A431 as compared to H1975 tumors. These results indicate that other factors such as tumor perfusion (essential for delivering TPZ) and relative expression of nitroreductases (essential for activating TPZ) may play an important role in conjunction with pO 2 .
Pyrolysis kinetics of highly crosslinked polymethylsiloxane by TGA

The pyrolysis kinetics of highly crosslinked polymethylsiloxane (PMS) was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under both isothermal and elevated temperature conditions with several environmental gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, air, and helium. A non-chain-scission mechanism composed of initiation, propagation, and termination was proposed to interpret the thermal degradation of highly crosslinked PMS. The mechanism was verified by the experimental results under isothermal conditions. The activation energy of initiation, Ei, was about 20–30 kcal/mol and the activation energy of propagation, Ep, was about 4–6 kcal/mol. These activation energies were found to be different for different gases. The activation energy of initiation for PMS in an aggressive atmosphere, such as oxygen, was lower than that in an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen. But the activation energy of propagation for PMS was higher in an active environment than in an inert one. There were no direct conclusions about the thermal degradation of highly crosslinked PMS at elevated temperature. Based on thermogravimetric experiments, it is suggested that a pyrolysis process be conducted with a rate of temperature increase less than 10°C/min for preparing the silicon base inorganic membrane.
Scattering of excitons by free carriers in semiconducting quantum well structures

Abstract We have theoretically investigated the scattering of excitons by free electrons and holes in a two-dimensional semiconducting quantum well system. The scattering cross-sections have been calculated using the Born approximation for both the elastic and inelastic scattering of the excitons by the free carriers. The threshold for inelastic scattering is increased over the value in a bulk semiconductor because of the enhancement of the exciton binding energy by its confinement. The behavior of the scattering cross-section as a function of the energy of relative motion of the free carriers and the excitons is different than in the bulk and the cross-section is a more sensitive function of the ratio of the electron and hole masses than in the bulk. In fact, the scattering of light hole excitons is suppressed relative to that of heavy hole excitons by several orders of magnitude.
Can Parallel Replication Benefit Hadoop Distributed File System for High Performance Interconnects

The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is a popular choice for Big Data applications due to its reliability and fault-tolerance. HDFS provides fault-tolerance and availability guarantee by replicating each data block to multiple DataN-odes. The current implementation of HDFS in Apache Hadoop performs replication in a pipelined fashion resulting in higher replication times. Such large replication times adversely impact the performance of real-time, latency-sensitive applications. In this paper, we propose an alternative parallel replication scheme applicable to both the socket-based design of HDFS and the RDMA-based design of HDFS over InfiniBand. We analyze the challenges and issues in parallel replication and compare its performance with the existing pipelined replication scheme in HDFS over 1 GigE, IPoIB (IP over InfiniBand), 10 GigE and RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) over InfiniBand. Experiments performed over high performance networks (IPoIB, 10 GigE, and IB) show that the proposed parallel replication scheme is able to outperform the default pipelined design for a variety of benchmarks. We observe up to a 16% reduction in the execution time of the TeraGen benchmark. We are also able to increase the throughput reported by the TestDFSIO benchmark by up to 12%. The proposed parallel replication is also able to enhance the HBase Put operation performance by 17%. However, for lower performance networks like 1GigE and smaller data sizes, parallel replication does not benefit the performance.
Federalism in Africa: Origins, Operation and (In)Significance

AbstractRecent years have seen major advances in the comparative study of federalism and a growing literature on decentralization in Africa, but there has been surprisingly little systematic comparison of African federalism. This article explains several commonalities in the origins and operation of Africa's three main federal states: Ethiopia, Nigeria and South Africa. Each country used ‘holding-together’ federalism in order to accommodate ethnic pluralism. Each country—especially Ethiopia and South Africa—also experienced several key centripetal forces: dominant governing parties, top-down state administration and high degrees of fiscal centralism. Federalism mattered in offering accommodative decentralization, but in its operation subnational governments have limited autonomy because of these interlocking centralizing features. This African variant of federalism can have certain salutary features, even as it precludes the possibility of many of the theorized advantages of federalism that are predicated...
Protein expression of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels is altered in inferior colliculus neurons of the genetically epilepsy-prone rat.

Abstract The genetically epilepsy-prone rat (GEPR) exhibits inherited predisposition to sound stimuli-induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures (audiogenic reflex seizures) and is a valid model to study the physiopathology of epilepsy. In this model, the inferior colliculus (IC) exhibits enhanced neuronal firing that is critical in the initiation of reflex audiogenic seizures. The mechanisms underlying IC neuronal hyperexcitability that leads to seizure susceptibility are not as yet fully understood. The present report shows that the levels of protein expression of SK1 and SK3 subtypes of the small conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels were significantly decreased, while SK2 channel proteins were increased in IC neurons of seizure-naive GEPR-3s (SN-GEPR-3), as compared to control Sprague-Dawley rats. No significant change was found in the expression of BK channel proteins in IC neurons of SN-GEPR-3s. Single episode of reflex audiogenic seizures in the GEPR-3s did not significantly alter the protein expression of SK1–3 and BK channels in IC neurons compared to SN-GEPR-3s. Thus, downregulation of SK1 and SK3 channels and upregulation of SK2 channels provide direct evidence that these Ca 2+ -activated K + channels play important roles in IC neuronal hyperexcitability that leads to inherited seizure susceptibility in the GEPR.
Changes in Plasma Estradiol and Effects of Triiodothyronine on Plasma Estradiol during Smoltification of Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch

Plasma estradiol-17 beta levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in untreated coho salmon of both sexes or in fish fed triiodo-L-thyronine during the smoltification period. Mean plasma estradiol increased between February 25 and April 1 from 94 to 142 pg/ml, and then by May 13, it had decreased to 80 pg/ml. This hormonal cycle was followed by a second significant increase to 219 pg/ml on June 22. Plasma thyroxine level covaried with that of estradiol. Treatment with triiodothyronine had no effect on plasma estradiol or thyroxine levels. Plasma estradiol surges during the smoltification period must be considered along with other significant endocrine changes for a possible role in the developmental phenomena that characterize this period.
Posthurricane Airflow and Sediment Transport over a Recovering Dune

Abstract During Hurricane Ivan (2004), dunes in undeveloped sections of northwest Florida were significantly reduced in height through direct wave erosion and the transfer of sediment to the backbarrier by overwash. The poststorm morphology of the island consists of a narrow beach face, multiple breach corridors, a washover terrace, and a remnant secondary dune that was further eroded in 2005 by Tropical Storm Arlene and Hurricanes Dennis and Katrina. The redevelopment of this dune will direct the response of the island to future storms, but the mechanisms of posthurricane dune recovery are unclear, particularly in this low-energy coastal environment. The recovery is further complicated by a swale that was created through a knickpoint effect on an adjacent road. The swale was reinforced when the road surface was removed and as a berm developed during the recovery of the beach face. Field observations suggest that sediment transport across the narrow beach face and berm is limited by a lag of shells and gr...
Oligonucleotide fingerprinting of Hela cell 5 S RNA labeled in vitro with (125)I.

HeLa cell 5 S ribosomal RNA, labeled in vitro at 40°, 60°, or 70°C with 125I, has been digested with RNase T1 and fingerprinted by conventional methods. Regardless of the temperature of iodination, 125I was bound (exclusively) to virtually all CMP residues. Characterization of labeled oligonucleotides yielded sequence information consistent with that derived from in vivo labeled RNA.
Women, Gender, and Rulership in Romance Europe: The Iberian Case

This essay outlines some main themes of gender and rulership in Iberian history from the early twelfth through the fifteenth centuries. Focusing mainly on queens, the essay also addresses the experience of other elite women and men, looking at the nexus of gender ideology and the practical requirements of monarchy.
Localized information is necessary for scene categorization, including the Natural/Man-made distinction.

What information do people use to categorize scenes? Computational scene classification models have proposed that unlocalized amplitude information, the distribution of spatial frequencies and orientations, is useful for categorizing scenes. Previous research has provided conflicting results regarding this claim. Our previous research (Loschky et al., 2007) has shown that randomly localizing amplitude information (i.e., randomizing phase) greatly disrupts scene categorization at the basic level. Conversely, studies suggesting the usefulness of unlocalized amplitude information have used binary distinctions, e.g., Natural/Man-made. We hypothesized that unlocalized amplitude information contributes more to the Natural/Man-made distinction than basic level distinctions. Using an established set of images and categories, we varied phase randomization and measured participants’ ability to distinguish Natural versus Man-made scenes or scenes at the basic level. Results showed that eliminating localized information by phase randomization disrupted scene classification even for the Natural/Man-made distinction, demonstrating that amplitude localization is necessary for scene categorization.
Specification, Estimation, and Testing of Moment Structure Models Based on Latent Variates Involving Interactions among the Exogenous Constructs

This article shows how methods for the analysis of moment structures based on latent variates can be used to investigate theories hypothesizing interactive effects of exogenous constructs on endogenous constructs. Building on the work of Kenny and Judd, the authors discuss the specification of structural equation models with latent interaction terms, and they show that the structural coefficient relating an endogenous construct to the interaction of two exogenous constructs does not depend on the origin of the components of the multiplicative exogenous construct. The authors report evidence from simulations that the ϰ2 statistics and standard errors provided by maximum likelihood and generalized least squares may not be trustworthy, but that model testing through robust and asymptotically distribution-free procedures leads to appropriate assessments of model fit and the significance of parameter estimates. They conclude the article with an application of the procedure to the context of expectancy-value at...
Base hydrolysis of halolactones in the bicyclo(2.2.1)heptyl and bicyclo(2.2.2)octyl systems

Abstract The mechanism of ketocarboxylic acid formation in the base treatment of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl halolactones has been determined. On the basis of stoichiometry, kinetics, effect of leaving group, and isotopic labeling experiments, a dehydrohalogenation mechanism is proposed in which cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond precedes that of the carbon-hydrogen bond in the transition state. The relationship between El-like and syn-E2 transition states in these systems is discussed. In the bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl series base treatment of the halolactones yields oxidocarboxylic acids. The difference in behavior between the two systems is rationalized on the basis of molecular geometry.
Discerning differences among anomalously wandering directed polymers.

We contrast the effects of uncorrelated power-law noise and linearly correlated Gaussian noise upon the anomalous wandering of directed polymers in random media. In the first instance, we explore the role of the noise on the morphology of the ultrametric tree structure of the ensemble of locally optimal paths, and then, motivated by the work of Zhang [Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2125 (1987)] and more recently by Perlsman and Schwartz [Europhys. Lett. 17, 11 (1992)], provide strong evidence for the universality of the model's river basin patterns. Lastly, we discuss those precise features of the positional and energy fluctuations that could permit a resourceful experimentalist to discern the noise distribution underlying anomalous roughening recently observed in fire fronts, bacterial growth, and fluid flow through porous media.
Theory of Polymer Entrapped Enzyme Ultramicroelectrodes: Application to Glucose and Adenosine Triphosphate Detection

We validate, by comparison with experimental data, a theoretical description of the amperometric response of microbiosensors formed via enzyme entrapment. The utility of the theory is further illustrated with two relevant examples supported by experiments: (1) quantitative detection of glucose and (2) quantitative detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Studies on the heterogeneity of human serum Lp lipoproteins and on the occurrence of double Lp lipoprotein variants.

Lp lipoproteins have been prepared by a mild method from the serum of a large number of individuals. Approximately 25% of the individuals tested showed the presence of a double Lp peak in analytical ultracentrifuge diagrams. These double peaks were designated Lp(a)-1 and Lp(a)-2 to distinguish them from the single Lp(a) peak. The mean viscosity-corrected sedimentation coefficient, S 1.004, 20 C and density of the single Lp(a) peak were 15.8±1.8s (n=32) and 1.076±0.01 g/ml, of the Lp(a)-1 peak were 13.5±1.1s (n=14) and 1.064±0.007 g/ml, and of the Lp(a)-2 peak were 16.8±1.7s (n=14) and 1.074±0.009 g/ml. Absorption tests using a double and single Lp preparation showed that both Lp peaks in the double variants possess Lp(a) specificity. Evidence is lacking as yet for individual specificities for either Lp(a)-1 or Lp(a)-2. Interand intra-individual heterogeneity among Lp lipoproteins is discussed.
Open marsh water management in the mid-Atlantic region: Aerial surveys of waterbird use

Nine marsh sites were selected in Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey to assess the importance of ponds created by Open Marsh Water Management (OMWM) to migratory birds. Ateight of the nine sites, OMWM ponds were paired with areas of similar-sized natural ponds. Eleven aerial surveys were conducted, mostly in fall and winter of 1987 and 1988 to compare relative use of ponds and sites by black ducks (Anas rubripes), other waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, gulls, and other species of birds. We noted a high degree of variation in bird use. Seasonal effects were significant, but treatment (OMWM vs. natural ponds) effect was not. Water/marsh (W/M) area ratio was positively correlated with waterfowl and black ducks, but pond number was not. Larger ponds (>0.25 ha) tended to be used more than smaller ponds by most bird species.
Works and Days 547f

IN CONNECTION with the sexual intercourse by which heaven impregnates earth with rain Kirk-Raven comment: "Eros . . . in its most concrete formn as rain/semen exists between sky and earth according to poetical references... [but] not in Homer or Hesiod.", In Theogony I76f Heaven "came bringing night with him, and desiring intercourse he covered 1 77) Earth." The sexual relation is explicit, but there is no mention of rain. In fact, Heaven is shortly castrated by Kronus, "an-d Earth received all the bloody drops that rushed out" (I 8 3f). This involves something like r ain/semen and yields Nymphs, but it also yields Erinyes and Giants and really has nothing to do with fruitful love. Works and Days 547-g56 runs as follows: The dawn is cold, when Boreas has struck. A fruitful dawn mist (a'p =Tupoyopo6) stretches (-re'rrou) From starry heaven (oUpcxvo5) to earth upon the fields of blessed men (poxxipwv dl EpyoLq). The mist is drawn up from endless rivers And is lifted above earth by gusty winds; At times it rains toward evening, At times it blows, when Thracian Boreas rolls the clouds. Get your work done before that happens and come home To avoid being caught in a dark cloud from heaven.
Computer science contributions to learning and teaching

At the ACM Annual Conference in 1970 the Special Interest Group on Computer Uses in Education (SlGCUE) organized two sessions on computers in the instructional process. Recommendations for action by computer professionals were formulated and printed in the October issue of the SIGCUE Bulletin on Computer Uses in Education (V4, #5, pp. 26--33). Consistent with program planning for ACM 70 and 71, SIGCUE has organized a session for this year which in part should answer some of the questions raised last year. The Bulletin should again be a vehicle for supplementary statements and reporting of outcomes after the Conference.
The Silicon Lattice Accelerator

Previously, the generalized luminosity ℒ was defined and calculated for all incident channels based on an NLC e+ e- design. Alternatives were then considered to improve the differing beam-beam effects in the e- e-, eγ and γγ channels. One example was tensor beams composed of bunchlets nijk implemented with a laser-driven, silicon accelerator based on micromachining techniques. Problems were considered and expressions given for radiative broadening due to bunchlet manipulation near the final focus to optimize luminosity via charge enhancement, neutralization or bunch shaping. Because the results were promising, we explore fully integrated structures that include sources, optics (for both light and particles) and acceleration in a common format - an accelerator-on-chip. Acceptable materials (and wavelengths) must allow velocity synchronism between many laser and electron pulses with optimal efficiency in high radiation environments. There are obvious control and cost advantages that accrue from using silicon structures if radiation effects can be made acceptable and the structures fabricated. Tests related to deep etching, fabrication and radiation effects on candidate amorphous and crystalline materials show Si(λL > 1.2μm) and fused SiO2(λL > 0.3μm) to be ideal materials.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in infancy: Influence of age and type of lesion

Abstract The factor of age has been proposed as the major determinant of survival after correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection; consequently, operation may be postponed and the infant's clinical condition deteriorate. This study describes 22 infants who underwent surgical correction of this disorder in the 1st year of life between 1975 and 1978. Twelve were in the 1st month and six in the first 4 days of life. Nine had a type I, six a type II, six a type III and one a type IV lesion. The infants' weights ranged from 2.6 to 6.9 kg (mean 4.0) at the time of operation; this fact emphasizes the retarded growth of these infants. Nineteen of 22 infants (including all 6 infants operated on during the first 4 days of life) survived operation, yielding an 87 percent hospital survival rate. Two late deaths occurred secondary to intimai fibroplasia of the pulmonary veins proximal to the site of atrial anastomosis; this represents a potential problem especially in infants with type III lesions. The strongest determinants of survival were type of lesion, pulmonary venous obstruction and depressed left ventricular function. Age in itself is not a determinant of survival after correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The timing of corrective surgery should be influenced by the clinical condition of the infant.
Volatiles Production and Lipid Oxidation in Irradiated Cooked Sausage as Related to Packaging and Storage

Irradiation dose affected production of volatiles in vacuum-and aerobic-packaged cooked pork sausage, but its effect on TBARS was minor. Storage increased production of volatiles and changed their composition only in aerobic-packaged sausage. Among volatile components, 1-heptene and 1-nonene were influenced most by irradiation dose, and aldehydes by packaging type. TBARS and volatiles of vacuum-packaged irradiated cooked sausage did not correlate well. However, TBARS had very high correlation with amount of aldehydes, total volatiles, ketones and alcohols with long retention times in aerobic-packaged pork sausage. Heptene and 1-nonene could be indicators for irradiation; and propanal, pentanal, and hexanal for oxygen-dependent changes of cooked meat.
Familial Intracranial Hypertension: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

A mother and daughter are presented who had intracranial hypertension 5 years apart. Possible contributing factors were the presence of obesity and occasional asthma in both. A review of the literature reveals three other families with intracranial hypertension occurring in successive generations (suggesting autosomal dominant transmission) and four families with intracranial hypertension occurring in siblings (suggesting autosomal recessive transmission). No reported cases of familial intracranial hypertension have revealed a contributing cause. (J Child Neurol 1992;7:196-198).
Effect of Interfacial Resistance on AC Loss as a Function of Applied AC Field in YBCO Filamentary Conductors

While continuous stabilization in filamentary Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) coated conductors can generate additional heating due to coupling loss, a balance between low ac loss and conductor stability can be found through the introduction of interfacial resistance between the stabilizer and the filaments. The impact of interfacial resistance with respect to ac loss as a function of field was studied for YBCO filaments with a continuous silver cap layer. Starting with uncoated YBCO filaments on standard ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) templates, an interfacial resistance between filaments was introduced through the exposure of filaments to air at room temperature and followed by the deposition of a continuous, 3 mum thick silver cap layer. The interfacial resistance between silver and the YBCO was controlled by oxygen annealing at different temperatures between 200degC and 450degC. Measurements of the ac loss as a function of applied perpendicular field and frequency and the interfacial resistance revealed a correlation between the coupling loss and the oxygen annealing temperature, where the coupling loss was lowest at an oxygen annealing temperature of 200degC.
Silicon-photonic network architectures for scalable, power-efficient multi-chip systems

Scaling trends of logic, memories, and interconnect networks lead towards dense many-core chips. Unfortunately, process yields and reticle sizes limit the scalability of large single-chip systems. Multi-chip systems break free of these areal limits, but in turn require enormous chip-to-chip bandwidth. The "macrochip" concept presented here integrates multiple many-core processor chips in a single package with silicon-photonic interconnects. This design enables a multi-chip system to approach the performance of a single large die. In this paper we propose three silicon-photonic network designs that provide low-power, high-bandwidth inter-die communication: a static wavelength-routed point-to-point network, a "two-phase" arbitrated network, and a limited-connectivity point-to-point network. We also adapt two existing intra-chip silicon-photonic interconnects: a token-ring-based crossbar and a circuit-switched torus. We simulate a 64-die, 512-core cache-coherent macrochip using all of the above networks with synthetic kernels, and kernels from Splash-2 and PARSEC. We evaluate the networks on performance, optical power and complexity. Despite a narrow data-path width compared to the token-ring or torus, the point-to-point performs 3.3x and 3.9x better respectively. We show that the point-to-point is over 10x more power-efficient than the other networks. We also show that, contrary to electronic network designs, a point-to-point network has the lowest design complexity for an inter-chip silicon-photonic network.
The mechanical response of a rotating wheel: influence of inflation pressure and radial loads

This paper highlights use of the finite element technique for analysing stress and displacement distributions in wheels of automotive vehicles when subject to the conjoint influence of inflation pressure and radial load. The most commonly used considerations in design of the automotive wheel are elucidated. A potentially viable technique for finite element modelling of the radial wheel, subjected to loading, is highlighted. The extrinsic influence of inflation pressure on performance of the rotating wheel is rationalised.
Interrelationships of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate With Physical and Cognitive Function in the Elderly: MacArthur Foundation Studies of Aging

BACKGROUND: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is correlated with several measures of health in the elderly, including physical and cognitive function. It is unclear, however, whether these relationships persist among the non-frail. METHODS: The Community-based Studies of the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Aging included measures of PEFR using a mini-Wright peak flow meter on a sample of 1,354 subjects selected from those aged 70-79 in three population samples. Subjects were chosen on the basis of simple measures of physical and cognitive function (high = 1192; medium = 80; low = 82), and were given a series of more detailed tests. RESULTS: Residual PEFR, adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, and smoking, was highly correlated (p < .001) with several physical performance measures, including number of steps in a tandem walk, number of seconds in a single leg stand, times to turn in a circle, write one's name, and walk 10 feet at a fast pace, foot-tapping (time per tap), and hand grip strength. The strongest association was evident for a combination of six physical function items. Residual PEFR was also correlated with cognitive performance, including tests of similarities, naming, spatial recognition, memory, and figure drawing. The strongest association was present for a combined measure. These associations persisted in analyses restricted to those in the "high" function group as well as with no history of previous myocardial infarction, stroke, or cancer. Residual PEFR also exhibited a strong independent association with urinary norepinephrine, as measured in 12-hour overnight urine specimens. This relation did not appear to be mediated by smoking or medication use.
The Challenge of Audience Reception: A Developmental Model for Educational Game Engagement.

According to educational gaming advocates, the engaging nature of games encourages sustained game play and enhanced attention to learning outcomes among players. Because children’s and adolescents’ play time varies by game genre, engagement with a game likely re! ects the match between the genre and the player’s preferences and needs. Youth learn which games are likely to promote satisfying psychological needs and yield positive experiences, which then informs their engagement with the games. A model is presented for research and development of educational games based on uses and grati" cations theory from communication science, as well as developmental science and cognitive science " ndings. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stage scheduling: a technique to reduce the register requirements of a module schedule

Modulo scheduling is an efficient technique for exploiting instruction level parallelism in a variety of loops, resulting in high performance code but increased register requirements. We present a set of low computational complexity stage-scheduling heuristics that reduce the register requirements of a given modulo schedule by shifting operations by multiples of II cycles. Measurements on a benchmark suite of 1289 loops from the Perfect Club, SPEC-89, and the Livermore Fortran Kernels shows that our best heuristic achieves on overage 99% of the decrease in register requirements obtained by an optimal stage scheduler.
What epistemic values should we reclaim for religion and science? A response to J. Wesley Robbins

. Postmodernism in science rejects and deconstructs the cultural dominance of especially the natural sciences in our time. Although it presents the debate between religion and science with a promising epistemological holism, it also seriously challenges attempts to develop a meaningful relationship between science and religion. A neopragmatist perspective on religion and science is part of this important challenge and eminently reveals the problems and reduction that arise when pragmatist criteria alone are used to construct a holism that renounces any demarcation between different areas of rationality. In this pragmatist vision for a holist culture, the cognitive resources of rationality are bypassed in such a way that a meaningful interaction between theology and science becomes impossible.
Tango's maximized excess events test with different weights

Tango's maximized excess events test (MEET) has been shown to have very good statistical power in detecting global disease clustering. A nice feature of this test is that it considers a range of spatial scale parameters, adjusting for the multiple testing. This means that it has good power to detect a wide range of clustering processes. The test depends on the functional form of a weight function, and it is unknown how sensitive the test is to the choice of this weight function and what function provides optimal power for different clustering processes. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the test for a wide range of weight functions. The power varies greatly with different choice of weight. Tango's original choice for the weight function works very well. There are also other weight functions that provide good power. We recommend the use of Tango's MEET to test global disease clustering, either with the original weight or one of the alternate weights that have good power.
A Direct Approach to Choice under Uncertainty

In a problem of decision making under uncertainty, the payoff is random, obeying some probability distribution. The distribution depends upon both the problem faced and the action taken by the decision maker. For example, in the selection of a portfolio, funds are allocated among securities, each of which has an associated distribution over the return it yields. The allocation results in a composite probability distribution over the total return from the entire portfolio. Although it is typical to select an action, which in turn implies a resulting distribution, we suggest in the present paper that it may sometimes be appropriate to select a probability distribution directly, or to view the problem abstractly as though the distribution were to be developed directly. We envision the decision maker selecting a most preferred distribution over payoffs via modification of an existing probability distribution at a direct monetary cost. Thus the family of distributions from which the decision maker can choose is implicitly defined by initial wealth, the original distribution, and the modification cost function. A formal statement of a class of problems for which our direct approach may be appropriate is developed, followed by examples. The illustrations cover problems of preventive maintenance for a machine subject to failure, pricing of a product under threat of rival entry, and planning a risky R and D project.
On Demand Network and Application Provisioning ThroughWeb Services

While most service-oriented solutions are developed for system integration or data integration, we propose a Web services-based solution, Eucalyptus, for provisioning applications and networks on demand. Eucalyptus is built on the power of the user-controlled lightpath provisioning (UCLP) tool, which pioneers a user-centric and service-oriented approach for creating and managing a private end-to-end optical network. As a first user of UCLP, Eucalyptus aims to construct an participatory environment for geographically distributed teams of architects and industrial designers with the with the support of configurable broadband switched networks, as well as the traditional routed IP networks. The contribution of Eucalyptus is to provide a proof-of-concept example on how Web service and service-oriented architecture (SoA) can effectively provide on-demand provisioning for heterogenous resources in hybrid networks. These resources can be provisioned, launched, monitored, terminated, and reserved through Web services. Eucalyptus is network and platform neutral. It offers a single point of entry for users to access resources ranging from video conference applications, rendering clusters, to the underlying networks. Each resource is configured through a resource-specific Web service. Eucalyptus also includes a set of generic management Web services to coordinate sessions, to manage resources and users, and to compose workflows, such that the network and the application are properly configured for the users engaging in a participatory design session.
Maximum power generation of a wave energy converter in a stochastic environment

This article examines the design of optimal feedback controllers for ocean wave energy converters. Typically, controllers for these systems are designed using impedance matching techniques, which are tuned to the dominant frequency of wave motion. However, for realistic sea states, which are stochastic and not particularly narrowband, such tuning techniques can result in significantly sub-optimal performance. Although this can be remedied using well-known broadband impedance matching techniques, such techniques are anticausal, thus requiring that future wave motions be known ahead of time, either through the use of deployed sensors or else through the use of prediction. In this article, we illustrate the derivation of the optimal causal controller for wave energy converter, which requires only the generator velocities to be measured for feedback, and may be found as the solution to a nonstandard LQG optimal control problem. We discuss a comparison of the spectral characteristics for optimal causal and anticausal controllers, and illustrate the manner in which these two controllers' behaviors vary with the effiiciency of the generators used.
Liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine: ifosfamide-containing chemotherapy in osteosarcoma

Liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine (L-MTP-PE) is a synthetic biological investigational agent used for treating osteosarcoma. It has been used in both canine and human osteosarcoma to reduce pulmonary metastases, the most common pattern of treatment failure for sarcomas. L-MTP-PE has been well tolerated using the concept of biological cancer therapy during chemotherapy. The use of L-MTP-PE with ifosfamide is the best studied combination with single agent chemotherapy. This may represent a new treatment choice for osteosarcoma patients receiving ifosfamide. Such patients include those with a poor initial histological response to primary therapy and/or metastatic disease including pulmonary metastases. Reduction of side effects of L-MTP-PE, such as fever and/or flu-like symptoms, with ibuprofen has not reduced efficacy. Since improved symptom control is possible using drug combinations that are especially effective for delayed nausea, outpatient high-dose ifosfamide chemotherapy combined...