cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation, Orthotics in

Infectious diseases accounted for 25–33% of the estimated 54 million deaths worldwide in 1988, of which more than half are attributed to tuberculosis, malaria, chronic hepatitis B, diarrheal diseases, and human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Additionally, the first known cases of human influenza caused by the avian influenza virus, N5N1, were identified in Hong Kong in 1997. To address rising national and worldwide public health needs, it is desirable that a sensitive, specific, fast, and simple-to-operate device be employed to detect infectious agents. Microbial detection systems that attempt to meet this need have been commercially available from the late 1970s and have progressed significantly with the molecular biotechnology revolution. Contemporary microbial detection systems or biosensors typically consist of a selective biorecognition molecule connected to a transducer that converts a biochemical interaction into a measurable signal. In the near future, biomedical science can realize the integration of all laboratory equipment used in molecular biology on a chip-based platform arrayed to detect large numbers of pathogens in a high throughput, portable device. Keywords: immunoassay; polymerase chain reaction; biosensors; nucleic acid; antibodies; nanotechnology
The impact of criminal justice involvement on victims' mental health

The aftermath of violent crime can leave victims with persistent emotional and mental health problems. Although research has shown the potential benefits of prosecuting cases through the courts, there is also a substantial literature that suggests that common features of the criminal justice system can exacerbate the impact of the initial crime, leading to a secondary victimization. The authors present a review of the research on the positive and negative impact of criminal justice involvement, and common points of failure in the efforts of justice institutions to meet the needs of victims. They conclude with recommendations for future work, including the need for research on restorative justice, victim impact statements, court notification systems, victim services, and victim advocates.
ERβ decreases breast cancer cell survival by regulating the IRE1/XBP-1 pathway

Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive reaction that allows cancer cells to survive endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress that is often induced in the tumor microenvironment because of inadequate vascularization. Previous studies report an association between activation of the UPR and reduced sensitivity to antiestrogens and chemotherapeutics in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive and triple-negative breast cancers, respectively. ERα has been shown to regulate the expression of a key mediator of the EnR stress response, the X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1). Although network prediction models have associated ERβ with the EnR stress response, its role as regulator of the UPR has not been experimentally tested. Here, upregulation of wild-type ERβ (ERβ1) or treatment with ERβ agonists enhanced apoptosis in breast cancer cells in the presence of pharmacological inducers of EnR stress. Targeting the BCL-2 to the EnR of the ERβ1-expressing cells prevented the apoptosis induced by EnR stress but not by non-EnR stress apoptotic stimuli indicating that ERβ1 promotes EnR stress-regulated apoptosis. Downregulation of inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α) and decreased splicing of XBP-1 were associated with the decreased survival of the EnR-stressed ERβ1-expressing cells. ERβ1 was found to repress the IRE1 pathway of the UPR by inducing degradation of IRE1α. These results suggest that the ability of ERβ1 to target the UPR may offer alternative treatment strategies for breast cancer.
Pharmacy services in ICU, antidepressant treatment, and Swedish pharmacists.

Pharmacy services in ICU Involving clinical pharmacists in the direct care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with thromboemobolic or infarction-related events (TIE) was associated with reduced mortality, improved clinical and charge outcomes, and fewer bleeding complications, according to MacLaren and Bond.1 The authors used the results of a national survey describing clinical pharmacy services in ICUs together with data from MedPAR. MedPAR data were abstracted to identify TIE patients using ICD-9-DM codes and clinical and economic outcomes, including mortality, lengths of ICU stay, and Medicare charges. Aggregated outcomes of hospitals with TIE ICU services (n = 158) were compared with those without ICU services (n = 134), representing 77,857 and 63,222 patients, respectively. Mortality rates among patients with (31%) and without (37%) bleeding complications were higher without ICU services. Similarly, lengths of stay were longer, total Medicare, drug, and laboratory charges were higher without ICU services. Bleeding complications and receipt of transfusions and blood products occurred more often. Implications. This study demonstrates the use of automated databases versus randomized clinical trials for comparative effectiveness of clinical specialist versus nonspecialist ICU services. Although subject to the limitations of retrospective studies, these studies are conducted at considerably lower cost, make more efficient use of resources, and can be generalized beyond a single hospital with a single pharmacist.
Prospective evaluation of spiral overtube–assisted ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy

exposure, smoking, and other factors have been implicated. It certainly is possible that these ulcerations are multifactorial in etiology. Many ulcerations heal with proton pump inhibitor therapy and sucralfate, and if the etiology was purely ischemic, this would likely not be effective. However, in a significant minority of ulcer patients, medical therapy is not adequate. This procedure does not address underlying ischemia; however, covering the lesion by folding the ulcer bed (submucosa to submucosa) onto itself may protect it from exposure to irritating gastric pouch contents, removing one contributing factor and increasing the chance for healing to occur. Limitations of this study are the small sample size and single center design. In addition, the generalizability of this study is limited, although it may initially extend to the treatment of bleeding ulcerations that are not amenable to traditional endoscopic therapies. Additionally, the device may be useful in various developing natural orifice surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery procedures in which a user-friendly, flexible suturing device is needed. Further studies are ongoing. In summary, this pilot study demonstrates the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of peroral endoscopic suturing in the treatment of recalcitrant marginal ulceration. These preliminary results suggest that this technique may provide an effective, minimally invasive alternative to ul-
Electrophysiological evidence for the morpheme-based combinatoric processing of English compounds.

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Cognitive Neuropsychology on 2013-11-27, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/02643294.2013.855633.
Fitting complex population models by combining particle filters with Markov chain Monte Carlo

We show how a recent framework combining Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) with particle filters (PFMCMC) may be used to estimate population state-space models. With the purpose of utilizing the strengths of each method, PFMCMC explores hidden states by particle filters, while process and observation parameters are estimated using an MCMC algorithm. PFMCMC is exemplified by analyzing time series data on a red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) population in New South Wales, Australia, using MCMC over model parameters based on an adaptive Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. We fit three population models to these data; a density-dependent logistic diffusion model with environmental variance, an unregulated stochastic exponential growth model, and a random-walk model. Bayes factors and posterior model probabilities show that there is little support for density dependence and that the random-walk model is the most parsimonious model. The particle filter Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is a brute-force method that may be used to fit a range of complex population models. Implementation is straightforward and less involved than standard MCMC for many models, and marginal densities for model selection can be obtained with little additional effort. The cost is mainly computational, resulting in long running times that may be improved by parallelizing the algorithm.
Sugars Inhibit Expression of the Rugose Phenotype of Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae can shift to a rugose colony phenotype, reflecting expression of an exopolysaccharide that provides protection against a variety of environmental stresses. Our data indicate that expression of the rugose phenotype is inhibited by a variety of sugars, including sucrose, dextrose, arabinose, fructose, and maltose. Inhibition by sucrose may be one factor in explaining the failure of rugose strains to grow on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar, the primary selective medium for V. cholerae.
FlowGate: towards extensible and scalable web-based flow cytometry data analysis

Recent advances in cytometry instrumentation are enabling the generation of "big data" at the single cell level for the identification of cell-based biomarkers, which will fundamentally change the current paradigm of diagnosis and personalized treatment of immune system disorders, cancers, and blood diseases. However, traditional flow cytometry (FCM) data analysis based on manual gating cannot effectively scale to address this new level of data generation. Computational data analysis methods have recently been developed to cope with the increasing data volume and dimensionality generated from FCM experiments. Making these computational methods easily accessible to clinicians and experimentalists is one of the biggest challenges that algorithm developers and bioinformaticians need to address. This paper describes FlowGate, a novel prototype cyberinfrastructure for web-based FCM data analysis, which integrates graphical user interfaces (GUI), workflow engines, and parallel computing resources for extensible and scalable FCM data analysis. The goal of FlowGate is to allow users to easily access state-of-the-art FCM computational methods developed using different programming languages and software on the same platform, when the implementations of these methods follow standardized I/O. By adopting existing data and information standards, FlowGate can also be integrated as the back-end data analytical platform with existing immunology and FCM databases. Experimental runs of two representative FCM data analytical methods in FlowGate on different cluster computers demonstrated that the task runtime can be reduced linearly with the number of compute cores used in the analysis.
Association of general and central obesity and atopic and nonatopic asthma in US adults.

Objective. To examine the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with the prevalence of asthma by atopic status and sex using nationally representative data in the US. Methods. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006 data were analyzed using areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) and multivariate logistic regression models. Results. Women had higher AUCs (0.59–0.64) than men (0.50–0.58) across anthropometric indices and asthma outcomes. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and smoking status, only WHtR was positively associated with atopic asthma in both sexes (odds ratio per 1 SD [95% confidence interval]: men, 1.018 [1.004, 1.032], p = .01; women, 1.018 [1.006, 1.030], p = .003), and the associations persisted after further adjustment of BMI. Only in women was nonatopic asthma significantly associated with every 1 SD increase of BMI (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.01...
Near-infrared dyes for molecular probes and imaging

Near-Infrared (NIR) fluorescence has been used both as an analytical tool as molecular probes and in in vitro or in vivo imaging of individual cells and organs. The NIR region (700-1100 nm) is ideal with regard to these applications due to the inherently lower background interference and the high molar absorptivities of NIR chromophores. NIR dyes are also useful in studying binding characteristics of large biomolecules, such as proteins. Throughout these studies, different NIR dyes have been evaluated to determine factors that control binding to biomolecules, including serum albumins. Hydrophobic character of NIR dyes were increased by introducing alkyl and aryl groups, and hydrophilic moieties e.g., polyethylene glycols (PEG) were used to increase aqueous solubility. Recently, our research group introduced bis-cyanines as innovative NIR probes. Depending on their microenvironment, bis-cyanines can exist as an intramolecular dimer with the two cyanines either in a stacked form, or in a linear conformation in which the two subunits do not interact with each other. In this intramolecular H-aggregate, the chromophore has a low extinction coefficient and low fluorescence quantum yield. Upon addition of biomolecules, the H-and D- bands are decreased and the monomeric band is increased, with concomitant increase in fluorescence intensity. Introduction of specific moieties into the NIR dye molecules allows for the development of physiological molecular probes to detect pH, metal ions and other parameters. Examples of these applications include imaging and biomolecule characterizations. Water soluble dyes are expected to be excellent candidates for both in vitro and in vivo imaging of cells and organs.
Multisoliton perturbation theory for the Manakov equations and its applications to nonlinear optics

The effect of small perturbations on the collision of vector solitons in the Manakov equations is studied in this paper. The evolution equations for the soliton parameters ~amplitude, velocity, polarization, position, and phases! throughout collision are derived. The method is based on the completeness of the bounded eigenstates of the associated linear operator in L2 space and a multiple-scale perturbation technique. These results are
Dynamic characteristics of the PDLC-based electrooptic modulator for TFT-LCD inspection

To detect the electrical fault of a thin film transistor (TFT) panel for the LCD, a polymer-dispersed-liquid-crystal (PDLC) modulator is used to convert the electric field of TFT substrate to an image. The PDLC changes its light transmittance proportional to electric field strength so that electric faults can be detected without physically contacting to the surface. Specific pattern signals are applied to the data and gate electrodes of the panel to charge the pixel electrodes and the image sensor detects the change of transmittance of PDLC that is positioned in proximity distance above the pixel electrodes. The image represents the status of electric field of the TFT panel reflected on the PDLC so that the characteristic of PDLC itself plays an important role to accurately quantify the defects. In this paper, a sample PDLC modulator is manufactured and compared with the commercially available one. The dynamics of PDLC modulator is analyzed and the image of electric field of the arrayed electrodes on TFT panel is acquired. The signal pattern to the electrodes of TFT panel and modulator should be selected based on the response characteristics of the PDLC for better image quality. The retention time of PDLC is a key factor for the determination of signal pattern.
Epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus infection

Summary Objective To describe what is known about the epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Methods In this article we review current data on HPV prevalence, natural history, mode of acquisition, and risk factors for oral HPV infection. Results & Conclusion Over the past several years new studies have informed our understanding of oral HPV infection. These data suggest oral HPV prevalence is higher in men than women and support the sexual transmission of HPV to the mouth by oral sex. Data is emerging suggesting that most oral HPV infections usually clear within a year on and describing risk factors for prevalent and persistent infection. Recent data support likely efficacy of the HPV vaccine for oral HPV, suggesting vaccination may reduce risk of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer.
Hydromagnetic waves in a rotating sphere

Abstract The Earths’outer core is modelled by the interior of a rotating sphere containing an incompressible, inviscid, perfectly conducting fluid of constant density. Solutions are sought as small perturbations to the governing equations in the cylindrical coordinates (r, θ, z), linearized about a state of no flow and azimuthal magnetic field varying with r. A multiple scale perturbation technique is used to approximate slow hydromagnetic waves. This scheme assumes short wavelength scales (i.e. much less than the radius of the sphere) in the r and θ directions while the wave number in the r direction varies slowly (on the scale of the spherical radius) with r. The length scale in the z direction is long and the amplitude varies on the long length scale in both r and z. The waves are also assumed to be in geostrophic balance. The approximation is found to be generally valid only in a region bounded away from the equator. It becomes singular in the neighborhood of the equator, and this singularity does not...
The ties among the notes: The social capital of jazz musicians in three metro areas

Previous work shows that social capital matters for careers of creative workers, leading to jobs and bolstered income. The authors focus here on factors that may facilitate various types of social ...
Development of a one-parameter variable source area runoff model for ungauged basins

Abstract This research develops a one-parameter model of saturated source area dynamics and the spatial distribution of soil moisture. The single required parameter is the maximum soil moisture deficit within the catchment. The concept behind the development of the model comes from the fact that the complexity of topographically-driven runoff generation can be reduced through the use of geomorphological scaling relations. The scaling formulation allows the prediction of the dynamics of saturated source areas as a function of basin-wide soil moisture state. This model offers a number of potential advantages. Firstly, the model parameter is independent of topographic index distribution and its associated scale effects. Secondly, it may be possible to measure this single parameter using field measurements or perhaps remote sensing, which gives the model significant potential for application in ungauged basins. Finally, the fact that this parameter is a physical characteristic of the basin, estimation of this parameter avoids regionalization and parameter transferability problems. The model is tested using rainfall–runoff data from the 10.4 ha experimental catchment known as Tarrawara in Australia, the 37 km2 Town Creek catchment in U.S.A., and the 620 km2 Balaphi and the 850 km2 Likhu sub-catchments of the Koshi river in Nepal. In sub-catchments of Koshi river, the simulation results compare favorably against the calibrated TOPMODEL both in terms of direct runoff and the spatial distribution of soil moisture state. In the Tarrawara and Town Brook catchments, simulation results compare favorably against observed storm runoff using all observed data, without calibration.
Differential, Tissue-specific, Transcriptional Regulation of Apolipoprotein B Secretion by Transforming Growth Factor β

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is required for the assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. ApoB synthesis is constitutive, and post-translational mechanisms modulate its secretion. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) increased apoB secretion in both differentiated and nondifferentiated Caco-2 cells and decreased secretion in HepG2 cells without affecting apolipoprotein A-I secretion. TGF-beta altered apoB secretion by changing steady-state mRNA levels and protein synthesis. Expression of SMAD3 and SMAD4 differentially regulated apoB secretion in these cells. Thus, SMADs mediate dissimilar secretion of apoB in both the cell lines by affecting gene transcription. We identified a 485-bp element, 55 kb upstream of the apob gene that contains a SMAD binding motif. This motif increased the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in Caco-2 cells treated with TGF-beta or transfected with SMADs. Hence, TGF-beta activates SMADs that bind to the 485-bp intestinal enhancer element in the apob gene and increase its transcription and secretion in Caco-2 cells. This is the first example showing differential transcriptional regulation of the apob gene by cytokines and dissimilar regulation of one gene in two different cell lines by TGF-beta. In this regulation, the presence of cytokine-responsive motif in the tissue-specific enhancer element confers cell-specific response.
True polar wander, a supercontinental legacy

Paleomagnetically determined apparent polar wander (APW) paths should contain components of individual plate motions as well as true polar wander (TPW), the uniform motion of the mantle relative to the spin axis. Quantifying the TPW component for pre-Mesozoic time is hampered by the lack of a representative from the mantle reference frame; nevertheless, TPW can be estimated if all or most of the continents show similar APW paths for a given period of time. Two such estimates have been proposed recently for the early Paleozoic. Plotted relative to Gondwanaland, which may have been drifting over the mantle slowly enough to constitute an approximate mantle reference frame, these TPW swaths are oscillatory and nearly coaxial. A long-lived and stable prolateness of Earth's non-hydrostatic geoid between Cambrian and Devonian time could produce such a pattern of TPW. Similarly oscillatory APW paths exist for the late Neoproterozoic cratons, perhaps indicating TPW about the same long-lived axis during that earlier interval as well. This long-lived prolate axis of Earth' non-hydrostatic figure, representing a stable configuration of mantle mass anomalies, may have been inherited from the vanished Rodinia supercontinent in the same way that the present non-hydrostatic geoid's prolate axis may be a legacy of Mesozoic Pangea and its peripheral subduction zones. These geoidal legacies may endure for several hundred Myr after supercontinental fragmentation, perhaps indicating a characteristic lag time between two distinct geological phenomena: global-scale surface tectonics recorded by the growth and disassembly of supercontinents; and deep mantle convective structure indicated by the long-term record of TPW.
Statistical Analysis of Computational Fluid Dynamics Solutions from the Drag Prediction Workshop

A simple, graphical framework is presented for robust statistical evaluation of results obtained from N-version testing of a series of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics codes. The solutions were obtained by a variety of code developers and users for the June 2001 Drag Prediction Workshop sponsored by the AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Technical Committee. The aerodynamic configuration used for the computational tests is the DLR, German Aerospace Research Center DLR-F4 wing-body combination previously tested in several European wind tunnels and for which a previous N-version test had been conducted. The statistical framework is used to evaluate code results for 1) a single cruise design point, 2) a drag polar at a single Mach number, and 3) drag rise at three values of lift
Sphingolipids: The Oil on the TRAFire That Promotes Inflammation

Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factors (TRAFs) control inflammatory and immune responses by acting downstream of TNFRs and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TRAF2 in particular has been extensively studied for its involvement in signaling by TNF-α, the classic inflammatory cytokine. Because it has a RING finger, it has been suggested that TRAF2 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes the noncanonical Lys-63 (K63)-linked polyubiquitination of receptor-induced protein 1 (RIP1), which is an essential event in the activation of the IκB kinase complex and consequently nuclear factor κB. Furthermore, TRAF2 itself is subject to K63-linked polyubiquitination, a modification that is rapidly induced upon receptor ligation and was interpreted to be the result of self-ubiquitination. However, formal evidence that TRAF2 is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase was lacking. New evidence shows that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid that is synthesized during inflammatory responses, is an essential cofactor for TRAF2 ubiquitin ligase activity. S1P binds to TRAF2 and promotes TRAF2-mediated K63-linked RIP1 polyubiquitination, providing direct evidence that TRAF2 is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase and also introducing lipid second messengers into the realm of TNFR and TLR signaling.
A MORE EFFICIENT CONSTANT TIME ALGORITHM FOR COMPUTING THE HOUGH TRANSFORM

An efficient Hough transform algorithm on a reconfigurable mesh is proposed in this paper. For a problem with N edge pixels and an n×n parameter space, our algorithm runs in constant time on a 4-dimensional N×log2N×n×n reconfigurable mesh. The previous best algorithm for the same problem runs in a constant time on a 4-dimensional n×N×N×N reconfigurable mesh. Since n is always smaller than N in real world (in fact, n is in the order of N1/2), our algorithm reduces the number of processors used drastically while keeping the same time complexity.
Effect of pressure on electrical resistance of transition-metal-based alloys

Measurements have been made of the effect of hydrostatic pressure to 8 kbar, at room temperature, on the electrical resistance of five transition-metal-based amorphous alloys and their crystalline counterparts. The resistivity dependence of the pressure coefficient of resistance of these alloys, and results from other alloys taken from the recent literature, exhibit a trend analogous to the Mooij correlation. The pressure coefficient of resistance for crystalline and disordered systems and these data are discussed in terms of the diffraction model of electrical transport. It is suggested that the observed correlation of the pressure coefficient of resistance with resistivity is a manifestation of the breakdown of standard theory for high-resistivity metals, i.e., another example of Mooij phenomena.
Veterans and internet use: implications for career preparation and development support

This research compares internet usage by veterans of the U.S. armed forces with internet usage by two reference groups - an educational-elite group and an educational-non-elite group. In terms of overall use, veterans are found to use the internet significantly less than members of the educational-elite reference group. This is cause for concern. Somewhat reassuringly, veterans are found to use the internet significantly more than members of the non-elite reference group.Effective and efficient use of the internet can potentially be enormously helpful to veterans in their transition out of armed forces life; and can help them adjust to, and get ahead in, civilian life and careers. This research suggests that agencies that look after veterans' interests, and provide counseling and training services to them, may find it rewarding to focus some of their attention towards increasing veterans' use of the internet. Thus this research has implications for issues related to career preparation and development support for veterans.
The numerical performance of wavelets for PDEs: the multi-scale finite element

The research summarized in this paper is part of a multi-year effort focused on evaluating the viability of wavelet bases for the solution of partial differential equations. The primary objective for this work has been to establish a foundation for hierarchical/wavelet simulation methods based upon numerical performance, computational efficiency, and the ability to exploit the hierarchical adaptive nature of wavelets. This work has demonstrated that hierarchical bases can be effective for problems with a dominant elliptic character. However, the strict enforcement of orthogonality in the usual L 2 sense is less desirable than orthogonality in the energy norm. This conclusion has led to the development of a multi-scale linear finite element based on a hierarchical change-of-basis. This work considers the numerical and computational performance of the hierarchical Schauder basis in a Galerkin context. A unique row-column lumping procedure is developed with multi-scale solution strategies for 1-D and 2-D elliptic partial differential equations.
Firmware testing and test data selection

Loosely stated, program verification is the task of systematically demonstrating that a program achieves its intended purpose, i.e., the task of proving the absence of errors from a program. This task may be considered as a backward mapping from a given program to a statement of the requirements for that program. There exist two fundamental approaches to establishing such mappings. A program may be exercised for a specific set of input values; the successful completion of program execution constitutes a necessary condition for the correctness of that program. A more rigorous approach is to provide an argument that a program satisfies its requirements for all legitimate input values, thus constituting a necessary and sufficient condition for the correctness of that program. In this paper, we are concerned with the first of these two fundamental approaches.
Cryopreserved saphenous vein graft in infrainguinal bypass

Objective Autogenous saphenous vein is the ideal conduit for lower extremity revascularization. Unfortunately, autogenous vein is unavailable in up to 20% of patients. Synthetic grafts provide an alternative; however, their use in distal revascularization has shown varying results. In addition, infected surgical sites preclude their use. Currently, there are limited outcome data for cryopreserved saphenous vein use in regard to long-term patency and limb salvage rates. Methods Cryopreserved saphenous vein allograft use in infrainguinal bypass was studied retrospectively in a community setting. End points included primary patency, limb salvage, and early complications. Records of patients receiving cryopreserved allografts by nine vascular surgeons within one hospital system from 2006 to 2012 were reviewed. Results Fifty-three patients, mean age 69 years (standard deviation, 12.3; range, 28-90 years), underwent 60 operations. Indications for surgery included limb-threatening ischemia (48%), tissue loss (30%), previous graft or site infection (10%), claudication (7%), or other (5%). The mean follow-up period was 23.9 months (standard deviation, 21.0; range, 0-64 months). Primary patency was maintained in 53% of patients at 1 year and in 22% at 3 years. Limb salvage was achieved in 74% of patients at 1 year and in 70% at 2 years. Thirteen early complications included 8 thromboses, 2 deaths, 2 amputations, and 1 anastomotic disruption. Fifteen patients (28%) underwent additional ipsilateral operations with use of synthetic conduits after initial cryopreserved allografts failed. Conclusions Cryopreserved vein allografts displayed poor short-term and long-term patency, whereas limb salvage rates at 1 and 2 years remained acceptable. However, >25% of patients required additional ipsilateral operations with use of synthetic conduits after previous failed cryopreserved allograft use. Our data indicate that cryopreserved vein graft is a suboptimal choice of conduit in a noninfected field.
The Cold War in North Africa: American Foreign Policy and Postwar Muslim Nationalism 1945–1962

(1976). The Cold War in North Africa: American Foreign Policy and Postwar Muslim Nationalism 1945‐1962. The Historian: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 40-61.
Methane in Oort cloud comets

Abstract We detected CH4 in eight Oort cloud comets using high-dispersion (λ/Δλ∼2×104) infrared spectra acquired with CSHELL at NASA's IRTF and NIRSPEC at the W.M. Keck Observatory. The observed comets were C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp), C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake), C/1999 H1 (Lee), C/1999 T1 (McNaught–Hartley), C/1999 S4 (LINEAR), C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR), C/2001 A2 (LINEAR), and 153/P Ikeya–Zhang (C/2002 C1). We detected the R0 and R1 lines of the ν3 vibrational band of CH4 near 3.3 μm in each comet, with the exception of McNaught–Hartley where only the R0 line was measured. In order to obtain production rates, a fluorescence model has been developed for this band of CH4. We report g-factors for the R0 and R1 transitions at several rotational temperatures typically found in comet comae and relevant to our observations. Using g-factors appropriate to Trot as determined from HCN, CO and/or H2O and C2H6, CH4 production rates and mixing ratios are presented. Abundances of CH4/H2O are compared among our existing sample of comets, in the context of establishing their place of origin. In addition, CH4 is compared to native CO, another hypervolatile species, and no correlation is found among the comets observed.
PD observer design for descriptor systems: An LMI approach

This paper investigates the problem of proportional-derivative (PD) observer design for descriptor systems. A necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of this problem is obtained in terms of a linear matrix inequality (LMI). The explicit expression of desired PD observer is also given, which involves solving an LMI. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Characterization of the Type III sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase from Caldivirga maquilingensis and its membrane binding

Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductases (SQRs) are ubiquitous enzymes which have multiple roles: sulfide detoxification, energy generation by providing electrons to respiratory or photosynthetic electron transfer chains, and sulfide homeostasis. A recent structure-based classification defines 6 groups of putative SQRs (I-VI), and representatives of all but group III have been confirmed to have sulfide oxidase activity. In the current work, we report the first characterization of a predicted group III SQR from Caldivirga maquilingensis, and confirm that this protein is a sulfide oxidase. The gene encoding the enzyme was cloned, and the protein was expressed in E. coli and purified. The enzyme oxidizes sulfide using decylubiquinone as an electron acceptor, and is inhibited by aurachin C and iodoacetamide. Analysis of the amino acid sequence indicates that the C. maquilingensis SQR has two amphiphilic helices at the C-terminus but lacks any transmembrane helices. This suggests that C. maquilingensis SQR interacts with the membrane surface and that the interactions are mediated by the C-terminal amphiphilic helices. Mutations within the last C-terminal amphiphilic helix resulted in a water-soluble form of the enzyme which, remarkably, retains full SQR activity using decylubiquinone as the electron acceptor. Mutations at one position, L379, also located in the C-terminal amphiphilic helix, inactivated the enzyme by preventing the interaction with decylubiquinone. It is concluded that the C-terminal amphiphilic helix is important for membrane binding and for forming part of the pathway providing access of the quinone substrate to the protein-bound flavin at the enzyme active site.
A model of the data (life) cycles with application to quality

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to present a new model of the data life-cycle. Such a model is needed to clarify activities involving data, from its creation through use, and to establish the relationships of these activities to one another. The proposed model features four principal data cycles: the acquisition cycle includes activities that create and store data, the usage cycle includes activities that retrieve and use data, and the two kinds of the combined cycles incorporate both acquisition and usage activities. The model also includes quality checkpoints and feedback loops. These are particularly useful in clarifying data quality issues.
Harm Reduction in Community Mental Health Settings

Harm reduction is a conceptual framework and set of practices that focus on the minimization of the physical, social, and legal harms substance users do to themselves and to society as a whole. Its application to community mental health settings is relatively new, and can create controversies and ethical dilemmas if not properly designed, implemented, and evaluated. Building on the harm reduction literature, the community mental health literature, and the authors' experiences with a community mental health program that uses a harm reduction approach, the authors offer five guidelines for its successful implementation. The authors conclude that when properly integrated with other recovery-based services, and when appropriately applied to the individual client's stage of change, harm reduction can effectively be used, and should be used, in community mental health settings with clients with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders.
Batch sedimentation calculations — the effect of compressible sediment

Abstract A general method is presented for predicting the dynamics of batch sedimentation of polydispersed suspensions. The method is based on the solution of equations of continuity for both the particle and fluid phases, incorporating existing correlations for estimating the sedimentation velocities of different-sized particles, Darcy's law for the relative fluid/particle motion and empirical constitutive expressions relating the sediment's permeability and porosity with the compressible stress. Also presented are sample calculations for both monodispersed and polydispersed suspensions.
Outpatient management of infective endocarditis

Because of unique host defense characteristics of the endocardium, successful therapy for infective endocarditis (IE) has necessitated bactericidal antimicrobial agents, generally administered in high doses for prolonged periods of time. This has required therapy in the hospital setting. However, in recent years, it has become apparent that outpatient therapy is feasible if appropriate agents can be administered at home, for example, using either home parenteral therapy or oral preparations. Over the past few decades, there has been a trend toward reducing inpatient reimbursement for various conditions, including serious infections. The decision to treat IE on an outpatient basis is made more easily if based on previous published experience. Published reports have concluded that outpatient therapy is more appropriate for “uncomplicated” IE caused by relatively susceptible microorganisms. The purpose of this paper is to review data describing the results of management of IE in the outpatient setting.
Projection of red spruce (Picea rubens Sargent) habitat suitability and distribution in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

Abstract Red spruce ( Picea rubens Sargent) has exhibited widespread growth decline and high mortality for the last half century in the eastern United States. Good prediction of this species’ distribution in relation to environmental conditions is critical for effective management. This study projects red spruce distribution in response to multiple causal mechanisms in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) of the Southern Appalachian Mountains by coupling a temporal simulation model of tree growth (ARIM.SIM) to a species distribution model (ARIM.HAB). ARIM.HAB computed habitat suitability, estimated from ARIM.SIM-generated red spruce growth, for every spatial 30 m grid cell in GSMNP. ARIM.SIM showed that different factors were responsible for habitat suitability and growth at higher vs. lower elevations. The air pollution variables (acid rain and cloud immersion frequency) caused low habitat suitability at higher elevations (1800–2028 m). Reduced air pollution but greater stress from climatic variables (high temperatures, reduced precipitation) caused medium suitability at lower elevations (1400–1600 m). And less stress from air pollution and climate variables combined with ample water to produce highest suitability at intermediate elevations (1600–1800 m). The projected range was verified with an existing geospatial database for red spruce and showed excellent correspondence with present-day distribution (AUC = 0.99, kappa = 0.87 and TSS = 0.88). This research shows that species distribution models coupled with a process-based temporal simulation models can improve the precision and accuracy of, respectively, habitat suitability and range projections for species at local scales.
Two populations of erythrocytes associated with XX-XY mosaicism.

A 12-year-old boy with a ventricular septal defect was found to have two populations of red cells: 85 per cent O, Jk(a—b+) and 15 per cent B, Jk(a+b+). All the other genetical blood characters were identical in both populations. Buccal smears showed an average of 30 per cent chromatin positive cells, while peripheral leukocyte cultures were composed of approximately 50 per cent XX and 50 per cent XY cells. The child had previously undergone repair of a hypospadias and un-descended testicles. Family studies suggest that the boy is the product of the fertilization of two identical egg nuclei by two spermatozoa.
Behavior of Radio Receiving Systems to Signals and to Interference

This paper develops a point of view and method by means of which it is possible to arrive at many of the transient effects occurring in radio systems by a consideration of steady-state properties alone. The scheme is to replace the voltages in radio receiving systems due to interference and signals by a group of generators having the correct voltages and frequencies. These generators can be thought of as having been in the circuit for an indefinitely long time so that only the steady-state response of the system need be considered. The generators which replace the voltages induced in an antenna by interrupted continuous wave stations, by spark telegraph stations, by telephone stations and by static are worked out. The desirable properties of radio receiving systems for receiving various types of signals through interference are arrived at and an ideal system is described which may be used as a standard of reference for judging the merits of any actual frequency selecting system. It is shown that this ideal system reduces the interference from all sources to the smallest possible value which can be obtained in a system which makes use of frequency selection to reduce interference. The paper thus arrives at the degree to which interference can be mitigated by frequency selection methods. In order to illustrate the method of treating actual systems calculations are given for a simple series receiver.
The effects of experimentally induced stress on false recognition

The fallibility of memory has become an issue of considerable practical and theoretical importance. Here we studied the impact of experimentally induced stress on the ability of human participants to accurately recognise words presented on a list. We found that stress selectively disrupted participants' ability to distinguish words that were presented for study from critical lure words that were semantically related, but not presented for study. This finding indicates that stress, possibly through its impact on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, can potentiate false memories.
Feasibility of concurrent treatment with the scanning ultrasound reflector linear array system (SURLAS) and the helical tomotherapy system.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of concurrent treatment with the scanning ultrasound reflector linear array system (SURLAS) and helical tomotherapy (HT) intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Methods: The SURLAS was placed on a RANDO phantom simulating a patient with superficial or deep recurrent breast cancer. A megavoltage CT (MVCT) of the phantom with and without the SURLAS was obtained in the HT system. MVCT images with the SURLAS were obtained for two configurations: (1) with the SURLAS's long axis parallel and (2) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the phantom. The MVCT simulation data set was then transferred to a radiation therapy planning station. Organs at risk (OAR) were contoured including the lungs, heart, abdomen and spinal cord. The metallic parts of the SURLAS were contoured as well and constraints were assigned to completely or directionally block radiation through them. The MVCT simulation data set and regions of interest (ROI) files were subsequently transferred to the...
MODFET DC model based on a new velocity-electric field characteristic

A DC model for MODFETs based on a new three-piece velocity-electric field characteristic is proposed. The theoretical predictions of the model are compared with experimental data for different devices and are shown to be in good agreement over a wide range of gate and drain voltages. The output conductance that results from the model is continuous and smooth which helps the convergence behaviour in circuit simulation.
Tetrahedral C4R4+• in the mass spectral fragmentation of thionessal dioxide

Abstract On electron impact, tetraphenylthiophene-1,1-dioxide (thionessal dioxide) loses SO 2 to give (C 6 H 5 ) 4 C 4 +• . The p -fluoro labeling technique has been used to determine whether this ion is acyclic, or whether it attains square or tetrahedral symmetry. The energetics for the loss of SO 2 are sufficiently similar to those for the loss of CO from tetracyclone that the C 4 R 4 +• ion attains very nearly the same, i.e. distorted tetrahedral, symmetry.
3-D Chemiluminescence Imaging of Unforced and Forced Swirl-Stabilized Flames in a Lean Premixed Multi-Nozzle Can Combustor

A tomographic image reconstruction technique has been developed to measure the 3-D distribution of CH* chemiluminescence of unforced and forced turbulent premixed flames. Measurements are obtained in a lean premixed, swirl-stabilized multi-nozzle can combustor. Line-of-sight images are acquired at equally spaced angle increments using a single ICCD camera. 3-D images of the flames are reconstructed by applying a filtered back projection algorithm to the acquired line-of-sight images. Methods of viewing 3-D images to characterize the structure, dynamics, interaction and spatial differences of multi-nozzle flames are presented. Accuracy of the reconstruction technique is demonstrated by comparing reconstructed line-of-sight images to measured line-of-sight downstream-view images of unforced flames. The effect of the number of acquired projection images on the quality of the reconstruction is assessed. The reconstructed 3-D images of the unforced multi-nozzle flames show the structure of individual flames as well as the interaction regions between flames. Forced flame images are obtained by phase-synchronizing the camera to the forcing cycle. The resulting 3-D reconstructions of forced flames reveal the spatial and temporal response of the multi-nozzle flame structure to imposed velocity fluctuations, information which is essential to identifying the underlying mechanisms responsible for this behavior.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Context-dependent transduction of within-meal afferent signaling

during a meal, the physical and chemical properties of ingested food evoke a variety of feedback signals that eventually lead to meal termination. Food accumulates in the stomach, resulting in gastric distension, and a significant portion of ingested nutrients passes quickly from the stomach into