cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The solo operating system: Job interface

This paper describes the interface between sequential Pascal programs and the Solo operating system.* A sequential program interacts with the operating system by means of procedure calls. A program prefix defining these procedures and their parameters enables the compiler to make complete type checking of calls to the operating system. The Solo interface permits Pascal programs to call one another recursively. This makes it possible to use Pascal as the job control language.
THE MYCOLOGICAL FORMATION OF FAT IN CULTURES GROWN WITH AGITATION AND AERATION

SUMMARY: A description is given of a stainless steel fermentation vessel of Waldhof type which was used for the cultivation of moulds for the purpose of obtaining fat. In this vessel Aspergillus nidulans, Penicillium javanicum and Pencillium spinulosum were grown in defined media containing inorganic salts and glucose, with vigorous agitation and aeration. In a medium containing glucose (90 g/1.) A. nidulans produced 4·4 g of fat/1, and the fat coefficient (g of fat formed/100 g of sugar utilized) was 8·9; while P. javanicum in this medium produced 3·6 g of fat/1. and the fat coefficient was 7·6. In a different medium containing glucose (100 g/1.) P. spinulosum produced 11·4 g of fat/1. and the fat coefficient was 12·0.
Simulation of the chemical potential of polymers

Abstract We propose a method for simulating the chemical potential of polymers based on Widom's formulation, which is an hybrid of known techniques. Thus, the test chain is divided into several subchains which are appended to each other during the simulation. The chemical potential of each subchain is calculated by growing a sample of subchains with the scanning method, which enables searching f steps ahead as compared to f = 1 used in the Rosenbluth procedure. The advantage of this method is that the number of subchains and f can be tuned to provide the most efficient simulation for given density, chain length, and other system conditions. The method is applied to a system of chains with excluded volume on the square lattice.
Effect of adsorption on the surface structure of sodium alumino-silicate glasses: a molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract Classical molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations were used to study adsorption of model metals onto sodium alumino-silicate glasses and the effect these adsorbates have on the surface structure of the glass substrates. Multibody potentials were used to describe the substrate-substrate interactions; Lennard-Jones potentials were used to describe the adsorbate-adsorbate and adsorbate-substrate interactions. Lennard-Jones parameters and adsorbate mass were chosen to model Pt as the adsorbate. The adsorbate atoms penetrated 5–6A into the glass, with multilayer coverage eventually occurring during deposition. The substrate showed a slight compression of the surface due to the presence of the adsorbate film. There was also a pronounced shift to smaller bond angles in the distribution of siloxane bond angles at the bridging oxygen. This redistribution was predominantly caused by a compression of siloxane bonds in 5 and 6 membered rings, although there was a partial rearrangement of ring sizes. Finally, Na at the surface were displaced by the adsorbate atoms such that Na were observed in the adsorbate film and at the film/vacuum interface.
Photochemical synthesis and structural characterization of (η5-C5Me5)3Mo3(CO)4(μ2-H)(μ3-O): an unprecedented 46-electron trimolybdenum cluster containing a localized monoprotonated MoMo double bond

Abstract Irradiation of the 30-electron Mo 2 (η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) 2 (CO) 4 and Re 2 (CO) 10 in toluene solution (containing H 2 O) afforded (in 1–2% yields) a novel triangular metal cluster, (η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) 3 Mo 3 (CO) 4 (η 2 -H)(η 3 -O) ( 1 ), which was characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Compound 1 , of pseudo C s - m symmetry, has a triangulo-Mo 3 (η 3 -O) core with composite MoHMo and MoMo electron-pair bonds along one unusually short edge (2.660(1) A) and Mo electron-pair bonds along the other two edges (2.916(1) and 2.917(1) A). The edge-bridged hydride ligand, which displays a characteristic high-field proton NMR resonance at δ −17.79 ppm, was not found from the crystallographic determination but was located via a quantitative potential-energy-minimization method. This procedure unambiguously established that the optimized hydrogen position, which corresponds to a distinct coordination site with identical MoH distances of 1.85 A, is the only one that can be sterically occupied by a metal-bound hydride ligand. This 46-electron species is the first electron-deficient trimolybdenum cluster containing a monoprotonated MoMo double bond; its existence is attributed to ligand overcrowding due to the bulky pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rings. Black (η 5 - C 5 Me 5 ) 3 Mo 3 (CO) 4 (η 2 -H)(η 3 -O) · 1/2THF crystallizes with two formula species in a triclinic unit cell of P 1 symmetry with a 8.603(4), b 11.115(4), c 19.412(11) A, α 80.69(4)°, β 101.10(4)°, and γ 98.88(3)° at −40° C. Least-squares refinement (RAELS with 221 variables) of one independent Mo 3 molecule and a centrosymmetrically-disordered THF molecule converged at R 1 ( F ) 5.62%, R 2 ( F 6.88% for 8460 independent diffractometry data ( I 0 ρ 3σ( I 0 collected at −40° C with Mo- K α radiation
Some subgroups of SL(3,Z) generated by transvections

(1992). Some subgroups of SL(3,Z) generated by transvections. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 1675-1703.
Rejection of the cardiac transplant

Abstract This report deals with the primary problem in cardiac transplantation, homograft rejection, in its acute and chronic forms. Experience is drawn from 125 orthotopic cardiac transplants in dogs and from 4 human cases. The electrocardiogram is the most reliable indicator of an impending rejection crisis; elevation of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes may add confirmation. Treatment of the rejection crisis requires transiently high doses of prednisone in addition to maintenance doses of azathioprine. Experimental data suggest the additional value of graft irradiation. The acute pathologic process is characterized early by infiltration with mononuclear cells. These cells are associated with injury to vascular endothelium which results in interstitial hemorrhage and edema and anoxic injury to the muscle fibers. The chronic form of rejection is manifested by coronary arterial narrowing due to intimai proliferation or thrombus formation, which results presumably from immunologic damage to the endothelium.
Oil and gas service contracts around the world: A review

Abstract This paper reviews the energy strategy and oil and natural gas fiscal systems of eight major oil or natural gas producing countries which have either adopted a variation of a service contract or have shown interest in this framework as an alternative to production sharing contracts over the period 1990–2014. In particular, we look at each country's variation of service contract, and examine how these variations of service contracts are different from each other. A service contract is a long-term contractual framework that is used by some host governments to acquire the international oil companies' expertise and capital without having to hand over the field and production ownership rights to them. Our review suggests that the new interest in service contracts might be explained partially by heightened sovereignty concerns and the political environment on one hand, and the need for international oil companies' capital and know-how in developing oil and natural gas fields in the host countries on the other. In our review, we also explore some of the drawbacks of service contracts including the potential for economically inefficient outcomes. In addition, we look at some possible solutions for improving the economic efficiency of service contracts.
Generalized analytic functions in 3d stokes flows

A class of generalized analytic functions, defined by a special case of the Carleman system that arises in three-dimensional asymmetric problems of hydrodynamics of Stokes flows, stationary electromagnetic fields in conductive materials, etc., has been considered. Hilbert formulae, establishing relationships between the real and imaginary parts of a generalized analytic function from this class, have been derived for the domains exterior to the contour of bi-spheres and torus in the meridional cross-section plane. This special case of the Carleman system has been reduced to an infinite three-diagonal system of algebraic equations with respect to the coefficients in series representations of the real and imaginary parts. For torus, the system has been solved by means of the Fourier transform, while for bi-spheres, it has been solved by an algebraic method. As examples, analytical expressions for the pressure in the problems of the steady axially symmetric motion of rigid bi-spheres and torus in a Stokes fluid have been derived based on the corresponding Hilbert formulae.
The physical properties of highly purified samples of propane and n-hexane

Abstract Highly purified samples of propane and n-hexane have been studied. The critical temperature, pressure, and density were determined and compared with the most reliable values reported in literature. The vapour pressure was determined from 333.15 K to the critical temperature for propane and from 483.15 K to the critical temperature for n-hexane. The p(T) values were correlated by equations of the form: log 10 ( p kPa ) = A − B( K T ) .
“WHY MARCIA YOU'VE CHANGED!” Male Clerical Temporary Workers Doing Masculinity in a Feminized Occupation

This research provides a look at men doing gender in the highly feminized context of temporary clerical employment. Male clerical temporaries, as with other men who cross over into “women's work,” face institutionalized challenges to their sense of masculinity. In particular, male clerical temporary workers face gender assessment—highlighting their failure to live up to the ideals of hegemonic masculinity. The resulting gender strategies these men adopt reveal how male clerical temporary workers “do masculinity”—often in a collaborative performance shaped by the gendered expectations of their agencies, their clients, and even themselves—to reassert the feminine identification of the job while at the same time rejecting its application to them. Paradoxically, rather than disrupting the gender order, the gender strategies used by these male clerical temporaries help to reproduce and naturalize the gendered organization of work and reinvigorate hegemonic masculinity and its domination over women and subalter...
A dominant-negative UBC12 mutant sequesters NEDD8 and inhibits NEDD8 conjugation in vivo.

Abstract NEDD8, a novel ubiquitin-like protein, has been shown to conjugate to proteins in a manner analogous to ubiquitination and sentrinization. Recently, human UBC12 was identified as a putative NEDD8 conjugation enzyme (E2). While investigating the in vivo function of UBC12, we found that the point mutant, UBC12(C111S), showed a dominant-negative effect on NEDD8 conjugation. This mutant, with a single Cys-to-Ser substitution at the conserved Cys residue in the E2 family, could specifically inhibit NEDD8 conjugation. We observed the dominant-negative effect on NEDD8 conjugation to substrates, including the C-terminal fragment of cullin-2 (Cul-2-ΔN), full-length cullin-1, and also other uncharacterized target proteins. Interestingly, UBC12(C111S) formed a heterodimeric conjugate with NEDD8. This conjugate was stable under stringent conditions, including 6 m guanidine HCl, 8 m urea, 2% SDS, or 5% β-mercaptoethanol. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that UBC12(C111S) sequesters the NEDD8 monomer by forming a UBC12(C111S)-NEDD8 conjugate and, in turn, inhibits the subsequent transfer of NEDD8 to its targets. To examine the biological role of NEDD8 conjugation, this dominant-negative form of UBC12 was applied to a cell growth assay. Overexpression of UBC12(C111S) led to inhibition of growth in U2OS and HEK293 cells. Thus, this dominant-negative form of UBC12 could be useful in defining the role of NEDD8 modification in other biological systems.
Fumarate reductase is a major contributor to the generation of reactive oxygen species in the anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis

Despite the detrimental role that endogenously generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play in bacteria exposed to aerobic environments, very few sources of ROS have been identified in vivo. Such studies are often precluded by the presence of efficient ROS-scavenging pathways, like those found in the aerotolerant anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis. Here we demonstrate that deletion of the genes encoding catalase (Kat), alkylhydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase (Tpx) strongly inhibits H2O2 detoxification in B. fragilis, thereby allowing for the quantification of ROS production. Exogenous fumarate significantly reduced H2O2 production in a ΔahpCΔkatΔtpx B. fragilis strain, as did deletion of fumarate reductase subunit c (frdC). Deletion of frdC also increased the aerotolerance of a strain lacking superoxide dismutase, indicating that fumarate reductase is a major contributor to ROS formation in B. fragilis exposed to oxygen.
Intrinsic nitridation kinetics of high-purity silicon powder

The intrinsic nitridation kinetics of high-purity silicon solid to form silicon nitride were determined by thermogravimetric analysis technique. The initial rate method was used to avoid kinetics falsification due to intraparticle diffusion limitation caused by the formation of silicon nitride layer around the silicon particles. Relatively small sample sizes were used to eliminate the interparticle diffusion limitation (compact effect) that becomes important as the reaction proceeds, owing to the expansion of the individual particles and filling of the initial pores within the compact. The effect of hydrogen addition to the nitriding gas, as well as the influence of the flow rate, on the reaction progress was also investigated.
Toxicogenicity of Moldy Feed for Young Chicks

Abstract Feeds suspected of causing a hemorrhagic syndrome in young pigs were found to prolong the prothrombin time of chicks. To study the role of specific mold species present in these feeds, mold cultures isolated from the source feeds were grown on moistened corn and soybean meal substrates. The moldy substrate made up 45% of the total weight of the test diet subsequently fed to small groups of day-old White Plymouth Rock chicks. Most of the molds were innocuous, and permitted normal growth and feed conversion. Species that had no serious adverse effects included A spergillus candidus, A. niger, A. repens, A. ruber, Penicillium cyclopium, Trichoderma viride, and some isolates of Fusarium moniliforme. In a few cases some growth stimulation was observed. However, in most cases growth was slightly depressed. None of the molds tested had any significant effect on the chicks’ prothrombin times. One isolate of F. moniliforme produced a thiaminase. The thiamine deficiency caused by this isolate could be prevented by adding more thiamine to the diet, by autoclaving the moldy substrate, or by injecting the chicks with thiamine hydrochloride. Aspergillus ochraceus was toxic, although the toxicity was not due to ochratoxin. This culture depressed chick growth and caused mortality; on gross examination of the chicks, the only abnormality was enlarged gall bladders. Molds are highly individualistic in their effects upon young chicks. Most are harmless, but a few produce vitamin antagonists or potent toxins.
Eye movement during computed tomography interpretation: Eyetracker results and image display-time implications

Stacked displays hold the potential for accurate interpretation of multiple computed tomography (CT) studies on a low-cost workstation. But can such a display scroll as quickly as radiologists can move their eyes to the next image on a film? To address this question, eye-movement duration during CT chest interpretation was recorded using an electronic eye tracker. Adjacent eye movements (±1 image in sequence) averaged 0.54 seconds. Time motion analysis indicates that a CT workstation using a stacked approach with a 0.2-second image display time and a simple interaction can display the next image in less than 0.4 seconds, so a stacked approach should allow a low-cost workstation to facilitate acceptable interpretation of multiple CT or magnetic resonance studies. However, nonadjacent eye movement is likely to take longer and radiologist behavior may be effected.
Social Interaction Promotes Nicotine Self-Administration with Olfactogustatory Cues in Adolescent Rats

Cigarette smoking is a social behavior. Smoking is also accompanied by distinctive gustatory and olfactory stimulation. However, none of these factors affecting nicotine intake are modeled in existing preclinical studies. We report a novel model of adolescent nicotine self-administration (SA) in rats where licking on drinking spouts was used as the operant behavior to activate the concurrent delivery of nicotine (i.v.) and an appetitive olfactogustatory (OG) cue, and social interaction was required for stable SA. The operant chamber was divided by a panel that separated the SA rat and another rat serving as the demonstrator, who had free access to the OG cue but did not receive nicotine. Orofacial contacts were permitted by the divider. Conditioned taste aversion prevented solo rats to self-administer nicotine. However, stable nicotine (15-30 μg/kg, free base) SA was established in the presence of demonstrator rats with free access to the OG cue. Omitting the olfactory component of the cue prevented the acquisition of nicotine SA. Mecamylamine, a nicotinic antagonist, reduced licking behavior. Familiar peers were more effective demonstrators in facilitating the acquisition of nicotine SA than were unfamiliar rats. No sex difference in nicotine intake was found. These data indicate that the contingent OG cue is associated with the aversive property of nicotine that prevents subsequent drug intake. Social information encoded in olfaction not only permits the establishment of stable nicotine SA but also enhances nicotine intake. These findings implicate adolescent social interactions in promoting smoking behavior by surmounting the aversive property of nicotine.
When Selves Have Sex: What the Phenomenology of Trans Sexuality Can Teach About Sexual Orientation

In this article, Bettcher argues that sexual attraction must be reconceptualized in light of transgender experience. In particular, Bettcher defends the theory of “erotic structuralism,” which replaces an exclusively other-directed account of gendered attraction with one that includes a gendered eroticization of self as an essential component. This erotic experience of self is necessary for other-directed gendered desire, where the two are bound together and mutually informing. One consequence of the theory is that the controversial notion of “autogynephilia” is rejected. Another consequence is that the distinction between gender identity and sexual orientation is softened.
The conquering of climate: discourses of fear and their dissolution

We are living in a climate of fear about our future climate. The language of the public discourse around global warming routinely uses a repertoire which includes words such as ‘catastrophe’, ‘terror’, ‘danger’, ‘extinction’ and ‘collapse’. To help make sense of this phenomenon the story of the complex relationships between climates and cultures in different times and in different places is in urgent need of telling. If we can understand from the past something of this complex interweaving of our ideas of climate with their physical and cultural settings we may be better placed to prepare for different configurations of this relationship in the future. This paper examines two earlier European discourses of fear associated with climate – one from the early-modern era (climate as judgement) and one from the modern era (climate as pathology) – and traces the ways in which these discourses formed and dissolved within a specific cultural matrix. The contemporary discourse of fear about future climate change (climate as catastrophe) is summarised and some ways in which this discourse, too, might be dissolved are examined. Conventional attempts at conquering the climatic future all rely, implicitly or explicitly, upon ideas of control and mastery, whether of the planet, of global governance or of individual and collective behaviour. These attempts at ‘engineering’ future climate seem a degree utopian and brash. Understanding the cultural dimensions of climate discourses offers a different way of thinking about how we navigate the climatic future. However our contemporary climatic fears have emerged – as linked, for example, to neoliberal globalism, to ecological modernisation and the emergence of a risk society, or to a deeper instinctive human anxiety about the future – they will in the end be dissipated, re-configured or transformed as a function of cultural change.
The effect of surfactant on the terminal and interfacial velocities of a bubble or drop

Stream functions are dervied for a spherical droplet in creeping flow with an arbitary surface tension gradient at its interface. The stream functions are used to show theoretically that the terminal velocity is reduced and that the interfacial velocity is retarded, especially near the rear of the droplet, when a trace of surfactant is present in the exterior phase and when surface aging is controlled by diffusion.
The Fe(PDP)-catalyzed aliphatic C-H oxidation: a slow addition protocol

Abstract This report describes a slow addition protocol for the Fe(PDP)-catalyzed aliphatic C–H oxidation reaction. Under this protocol, the reaction can be productively driven to higher conversions without decreasing site-selectivity or chemoselectivity. The operational advantages of this procedure are highlighted in the oxidation of two complex natural product derivatives. Hydroxylated products can be obtained in high isolated yields without the need for recycling recovered starting materials.
Epstein-Barr Virus BARF1 Protein Is Dispensable for B-Cell Transformation and Inhibits Alpha Interferon Secretion from Mononuclear Cells

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BARF1 gene encodes a soluble colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) receptor that neutralizes the effects of CSF-1 in vitro. To study the effect of BARF1 on EBV-induced transformation, we added recombinant BARF1 to B cells in the presence of EBV. BARF1 did not enhance transformation of B cells by EBV in vitro. To study the role of BARF1 in the context of EBV infection, we constructed a recombinant EBV mutant with a large deletion followed by stop codons in the BARF1 gene as well as a recombinant virus with a wild-type BARF1 gene. While BARF1 has previously been shown to act as an oncogene in several cell lines, the EBV BARF1 deletion mutant transformed B cells and initiated latent infection, and the B cells transformed with the BARF1 mutant virus induced tumors in SCID mice with an efficiency similar to that of the wild-type recombinant virus. Since human CSF-1 stimulates secretion of alpha interferon from mononuclear cells and BARF1 encodes a soluble CSF-1 receptor, we examined whether recombinant BARF1 or BARF1 derived from EBV-infected B cells could inhibit alpha interferon secretion. Recombinant BARF1 inhibited alpha interferon secretion by mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The B cells transformed with mutant BARF1 EBV showed reduced inhibition of alpha interferon secretion by human mononuclear cells when compared with the B cells transformed with wild-type recombinant virus. These experiments indicate that BARF1 expressed from the EBV genome directly inhibits alpha interferon secretion, which may modulate the innate host response to the virus.
Green's function analysis of an ideal hard surface rectangular waveguide

[1] Green’s function analysis of an ideal hard surface rectangular waveguide is proposed for characterization of the modal spectrum of the structure. A decomposition of the hard surface waveguide into perfect electric conductor and perfect magnetic conductor waveguides allows the representation of dyadic Green’s function as a superposition of transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waveguide modes, respectively. In addition, a term corresponding to a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode is included in the eigenmode expansion of the Green’s dyadic. It is shown that the TEM mode solution can be obtained by solving vector Helmholtz’s equation in the zero cutoff limit with the corresponding boundary conditions of electric field on the ideal hard surface. The electric field distribution due to an arbitrarily oriented electric dipole source is illustrated for a few representative TM, TE, and TEM modes propagating in the ideal hard surface rectangular waveguide. The proposed model is verified by analyzing a realistic hard surface square waveguide using the Ansoft High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Black Hawk down: the evolution of resuscitation strategies in massive traumatic hemorrhage.

1 Clinical Fellow, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 3 Assistant Professor, Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Group hunting by workers of two Neotropical swarm-founding paper wasps, Parachartergus apicalis and Agelaia sp.

Here we report field observations of group hunting by two Neotropical species of paper wasps, Para- chartergus apicalis in Costa Rica and Agelaia cf. angulata in Peru. In both cases, multiple workers simultaneously attacked live caterpillar prey. We describe the wasps' behavior and their interactions with the relatively large- bodied ((80 mm length) caterpillars, and we discuss the implications of these observations for paper wasp behavior and ecology.
Lectin-affinity isolation of microvillous membranes from the pigmented epithelium of rat retina.

The pigmented epithelium of the vertebrate retina phagocytizes the discarded tips of photoreceptors and it is likely that a specific cellular recognition process is involved in this phenomenon. The apical surface of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) contains microvilli which interdigitate with the outer segment regions of photoreceptor cells and it is this apical microvillous surface that is of particular interest with respect to phagocytosis. The present study is a report of a method to isolate a fraction that is enriched in microvilli from the apical surface of this highly polarized epithelial cell. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) conjugated sepharose beads are used to remove the microvillous membranes which are then observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The proteins of this RPE-subfraction are separated through use of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative molecular weights (Mr) and lectin binding properties of glycoproteins are examined in Western blots through the us...
Legislative Courts, Article Ill, and the Seventh Amendment

Congress has established numerous judicial and quasi-judicial bodies, collectively called "legislative courts," that do not have the characteristics of courts established in accordance with Article III of the Constitution. With some exceptions, where Congress has been able to establish such non-Article III legislative courts consistent with the Constitution, the Supreme Court generally has not required juries for adjudication that takes place within these tribunals. Professor Sward analyzes the Court's Article III and Seventh Amendment jurisprudence and questions the constitutionality of many types of jury-less adjudication in the legislative courts.
Pupillary activity while listening to verbal passages

Abstract Twelve college students were presented with neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant verbal passages each of 120 sec duration. Changes in pupil diameter before, during, and after each passage were continuously monitored. Dilation accompanied the pleasant and unpleasant passages relative to the neutral passage. No evidence for defensive pupillary constriction was found. Habituation occurred during periods of silence as well as during the stimulus passages. These results suggest that a study reported by Hess and Goodwin (1974) as demonstrating pupillary constriction to unpleasant visual material may be interpreted as reflecting differential habituation.
SPATIAL SEMIPARAMETRIC MODEL WITH ENDOGENOUS REGRESSORS

This paper proposes a semiparametric generalized method of moments estimator (GMM) estimator for a partially parametric spatial model with endogenous spatially dependent regressors. The finite-dimensional estimator is shown to be consistent and root-n asymptotically normal under some reasonable conditions. A spatial heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance estimator is constructed for the GMM estimator. The leading application is nonlinear spatial autoregressions, which arise in a wide range of strategic interaction models. To derive the asymptotic properties of the estimator, the paper also establishes a stochastic equicontinuity criterion and functional central limit theorem for near-epoch dependent random fields.
Intellectual diversity and the faculty composition of ischools

We provide evidence and discuss findings regarding the intellectual distribution and faculty composition of academic units involved in the iSchool community. To better understand the intellectual heritage and major influences shaping the development of the individual and collective identities in iSchools, we develop a classification of the intellectual domains of iSchool faculty education. We use this to develop a descriptive analysis of the community's intellectual composition. The discussion focuses on characterizing intellectual diversity in the iSchools. We conclude with a discussion of the potential implications of these trends relative to the future development of the iSchool community.
Imaging the magmatic system of Mono Basin, California, with magnetotellurics in three dimensions

A three-dimensional (3-D) electrical resistivity model of Mono Basin in eastern California, unveils a complex subsurface filled with zones of partial melt, fluid-filled fracture networks, cold plutons, and regional faults. In 2013, 62 broadband magnetotelluric stations were collected in an array around southeastern Mono Basin from which a 3-D electrical resistivity model was created with a resolvable depth of 35 km. Multiple robust electrical resistivity features were found that correlate with existing geophysical observations. The most robust features are two 300 ± 50 km3 near-vertical conductive bodies (3–10 Ω m) that underlie the southeast and northeastern margin of Mono Craters below 10 km depth. These features are interpreted as magmatic crystal-melt mush zones of 15 ± 5% interstitial melt surrounded by hydrothermal fluids and are likely sources for Holocene eruptions. Two conductive east dipping structures appear to connect each magma source region to the surface. A conductive arc-like structure (< 0.9 Ω m) links the northernmost mush column at 10 km depth to just below vents near Panum Crater, where the high conductivity suggests the presence of hydrothermal fluids. The connection from the southernmost mush column at 10 km depth to below South Coulee is less obvious with higher resistivity (200 Ω m) suggestive of a cooled connection. A third, less constrained conductive feature (4–10 Ω m) 15 km deep, extending to 35 km is located west of Mono Craters near the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada escarpment and is coincident with a zone of sporadic, long-period earthquakes that are characteristic of a fluid-filled (magmatic or metamorphic) fracture network. A resistive feature (103–105 Ω m) located under Aeolian Buttes contains a deep root down to 25 km. The eastern edge of this resistor appears to structurally control the arcuate shape of Mono Craters. These observations have been combined to form a new conceptual model of the magmatic system beneath Mono Craters to a depth of 30 km.
Biotic Interactions in Lichen Community Development: A Review

The extent to which biotic factors (competition, predation/disease, longevity) regulate lichen community development can be addressed by considering a number of general trends expected in higher plant successions and searching for supporting evidence from lichen studies. Four of the most frequently observed (or predicted) trends during succession are that: (1) superior competitors replace poor competitors; (2) ecologically specialized species replace generalists; (3) chemically well-defended species replace poorly-defended species; (4) long-lived species replace ephemeral species. Available evidence suggests that, for many lichen communities, competitive exclusion rarely occurs once thalli are established. This is especially true for communities that develop on the most stable habitats. An absence of competitive exclusion suggests that lichen successions are driven more by additions of colonists than by species replacements, and replacement trends observed in higher plant successions are therefore observed less frequently inlichen successions.
The praxis of ethnic studies: transforming second sight into critical consciousness

This article focuses on a youth participatory action research (YPAR) program called the Social Justice Education Project (SJEP) that fostered young people of color’s critical consciousness. Their critical consciousness emerged through praxis (reflection/action) while focusing on preserving ethnic studies in Tucson, Arizona. Because the SJEP home was in ethnic studies, the youth also struggled to keep their program alive. The Arizona Department of Education claimed the program bred ‘radicals’ who wanted to overthrow the government and therefore lobbied the state legislature to ban K-12 ethnic studies in public schools. In January 2012, the ban went into effect, shutting down ethnic studies classes as well as the SJEP. Young people’s qualitative research on their struggle led to action to save the education that gave them hope for a more equitable and just world. The article addresses the praxis of YPAR, which sparks a thought process leading to the drive to take action. Observing and documenting educationa...
Online One-Class SVMs with Active-Set Optimization for Data Streams

A great advantage of support vector machines (SVMs) is its capability to learn decision borders, represented by a set of particular data points called margin support vectors. The real-time or nearly real-time online learning and detection from data streams poses stringent time and space constraints for the learner. We consider solving online one-class SVMs with an active-set method for quadratic programming (QP). At each iteration, the problem size is the size of the estimated support vectors so far. Active-set programming has the nice property that the solution of a previous problem can serve as a warm start of the next and computation time can thereby be greatly reduced. In general, finding a good warm-start point is difficult. We propose a method to find a good warm start by exploiting the structure of the SVM optimization problem.
Vessel Cold-Ironing Using a Barge Mounted PEM Fuel Cell: Project Scoping and Feasibility.

A barge-mounted hydrogen-fueled proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system has the potential to reduce emissions and fossil fuel use of maritime vessels in and around ports. This study determines the technical feasibility of this concept and examines specific options on the U.S. West Coast for deployment practicality and potential for commercialization.The conceptual design of the system is found to be straightforward and technically feasible in several configurations corresponding to various power levels and run times.The most technically viable and commercially attractive deployment options were found to be powering container ships at berth at the Port of Tacoma and/or Seattle, powering tugs at anchorage near the Port of Oakland, and powering refrigerated containers on-board Hawaiian inter-island transport barges. Other attractive demonstration options were found at the Port of Seattle, the Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet, the California Maritime Academy, and an excursion vessel on the Ohio River.
Developing Super Rice to Ensure Hainan Food Security

Agriculture is the main industry in Hainan and 70%80% of its population are in the countryside. However, the level of its food production has been too low to self-support in grains for a long time. The agricultural foundation of Hainan is weak and it is vulnerable to natural calamity and unfavourable agricultural environments. In addition, the income level of peasants is low, so the hidden trouble of the food security is fairly serious. In Hainan, super rice was successfully grown in front-line demonstration in early crop season in 2004, which has provided a new effective way to greatly increase rice production to achieve self-sufficiency in food. In this paper, the current status of rice production, the hidden trouble of food security and the developing prospects of super rice in Hainan were discussed. Moreover, the corresponding measures and suggestions to solve the problem of food security in Hainan were also put forward.
Nine-year audit of post-dural puncture headache in a tertiary obstetric hospital in Singapore.

Abstract Background The KK Women's and Children's Hospital is a tertiary obstetric unit with approximately 11000 deliveries per year. Epidural analgesia is used in about 40% of laboring women. We reviewed the incidence and management of post-dural puncture headache over a nine-year period. Methods A retrospective audit of labor epidural analgesia database records from 1 June 2005 to 31 May 2014 was conducted, identifying an "event" as an accidental dural puncture, an inadvertent intrathecal catheter insertion and/or development of a post-dural puncture headache. Results A total of 43434 epidural records were reviewed. Sixty-three events were identified (an incidence of 0.15%). Women had median age of 30years and median body mass index of 27.6kg/m 2 ; 69.8% (44/63) delivered vaginally. Procedures performed by less experienced anesthesiologists and those performed outside office hours were associated with a higher incidence of accidental dural puncture. An intrathecal catheter was inserted in 52 of 58 women (89.7%). Headache developed in 24 of 38 (63.1%) women in whom there was a witnessed accidental dural puncture. Most women who developed post-dural puncture headache presented during the primary admission (36/39; 92.3%). Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most commonly prescribed medications. Six women (9.5%) received an epidural blood patch which led to resolution of headache. Conclusion A retrospective audit over a nine-year period at a tertiary teaching hospital found the overall incidence of post-dural puncture headache and associated events to be 0.15%, with a decreasing trend coinciding with improvement in the teaching and supervision of trainees in labor epidural procedures.
Thomas Aquinas and Karl Barth on the Christian life: similarity and differences

Aquinas and Barth both describe the Christian life in light of who God is and how God acts, rather than with a primary concern for morality or apologetics. They differ in that Aquinas describes a single, essentially monastic, and normative form of discipleship that, because it cannot be taken up by most Christians, issues in practice in a two-tier conception of the Christian life. By contrast, Barth's account of vocation individualises the call to each Christian so that it is possible for everyone to lead the Christian life equally well yet in very diverse ways. For this reason, and because our true relation to God is hidden, even to ourselves, we may conclude that it is dangerous to make negative judgement as to anyone's standing before God – and therefore their relative standing in the church, too – based upon a view of the normative form of the Christian life.
Inheritance of synchronization and recovery properties in Avalon/C++

The inheritance mechanism of object-oriented languages is used in the new domain of fault-tolerant distributed systems. Inheritance in Avalon/C++ is used to transmit properties, such as serializability and crash resilience, that are of specific interest in distributed applications. Three base classes are presented: resilient, atomic, and dynamic. They are arranged in a linear hierarchy. Examples of derived classes with objects that guarantee desirable fault-tolerance properties are given. >
Effect of nucleation on the crystallization and dielectric properties of strontium titanate glass-ceramics

Le systeme etudie a la composition suivante: 37,6 SrO-26,8 TiO 2 -23,2 SiO 2 -12,4 Al 2 O 3 (% en poids). On etudie l'influence d'un pretraitement thermique sur la microstructure et les proprietes dielectriques (constante dielectrique et perte dielectrique)
Advances in HPLC and HPLC-MS of Carotenoids and Retinoids

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been established during the past 10 years as one of the primary methods for the separation and purification of carotenoids and retinoids. The rapid analysis times (10 to 45 min), high sensitivity (low ng), high resolving power, high recovery and non-destructive conditions of HPLC make it an ideal method for carotenoid and retinoid analysis.
Have Arms, Will Sell

Competition is fierce among the major arms suppliers, and the weapons they are selling are bigger and better than ever.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

I. INTRODUCTION Intellectual property protection has been an international policy concern. Owners of intellectual property face risks of imitation or piracy not only in domestic markets but also in foreign, particularly in less developed, markets. Recent global negotiations have called for higher levels of intellectual property protection and for the harmonization of standards. Advocates of these measures cite potential economic benefits ranging from greater world innovation to greater trade and direct foreign investment flows (see Butler, 1990, for a survey of issues). This paper gauges the economic benefits of increased intellectual property protection. Specifically, it examines how patent protection affects long-run economic growth. Existing empirical and theoretical works study the importance of innovation and technology to growth, but few have empirically studied the effects of the institutions that motivate innovation and technological change, such as intellectual property laws. Studying the effects of intellectual property rights (IPRs) requires having a quantitative measure of the strength of intellectual property rights in a country. This paper constructs an index of the strength of patent protection in 60 countries and uses it to determine the role of IPRs in economic growth. The key finding is that IPRs affect economic growth by stimulating the accumulation of factor inputs like research and development capital and physical capital. The institution of IPRs does not have any direct role in explaining international variations in growth. That is, the existence of intellectual property laws does not appear to affect directly the technical efficiency of production. Instead, the benefits to growth are from encouraging the research sector to invest and take risk. This implies that countries not conducting innovative research or conducting a limited amount would enjoy few, if any, of the benefits of intellectual property protection because an innovation sector through which IPRs affect economic growth is absent. As an analogy, consider a town with few, if any, motor vehicles. If the town passes a law against lead emissions, the law is likely to have no appreciable effect on lowering pollution levels in the region (pollution arising instead from other sources). Similarly, countries would not experience the growth effects of IPRs unless a significant domestic research base exists or unless foreign multinationals are present that transfer research knowledge into the country. Given the costs of creating an IPR system, the low returns to providing IPRs (owing to a lack of innovation) act as a disincentive to creating such a system. Thus, countries without an innovative RD Lichtenberg, 1992; Park, 1995), none studies the importance of assigning proprietary rights to knowledge in the growth process. On the other hand, empirical analyses of intellectual property rights (Ferrantino, 1993; Mansfield, 1986, 1994) do focus on the effects of IPRs on innovation and foreign direct investment but have not linked these effects to long-run growth. …
Tectonic control on deltaic sediment dispersal in the middle to upper Turonian Western Cordilleran Foreland Basin, USA

Tectonic forcing of delta progradation is increasingly being invoked to explain stratal stacking patterns in foreland basins. Nonetheless, the recognition of different types of tectonic forcing and their consequences for the spatial and temporal distribution of accommodation often rely on incomplete datasets and indirect sequence stratigraphic criteria. Previous work has concluded that the Cenomanian-Turonian Frontier Formation of northern Utah, north-west Colorado, and south-west Wyoming (‘Vernal Delta’) owes its origin largely to tectonic overprinting of depositional patterns, although the lack of a comprehensive sequence stratigraphic framework for the unit has hampered evaluation of this claim. The present study provides detailed facies and sequence stratigraphic analyses based on outcrop sections and wireline log suites from the Uinta, Piceance and Green River basins. Four genetically-related intervals were defined and mapped by using regionally traceable stratigraphic horizons (flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries). Internally, intervals are composed of distal and proximal delta front lithologies, and coastal plain facies. Overall, Intervals 1 to 4 form a major basinward projection of coarse clastic strata generated in response to four separate, high-frequency regressions. Furthermore, a change through time from southward projection of elongate lobes (Intervals 1 and 2) to eastward dispersal and development of a broad, arcuate planform (Intervals 3 and 4) can be explained in terms of changes in prevailing tectonic forcing mechanisms. North–south trending Sevier Orogeny forebulge structures controlled Intervals 1 and 2. West–east progradation (Intervals 3 and 4) was probably controlled by Proterozoic basement lineament reactivation due to Laramide foreland uplifts. Therefore, this study provides direct geological evidence for the initiation of local Laramide deformation as early as 90 Ma. These findings contribute to a more complete understanding of tectonic forcing of coastal to shallow marine successions in foreland basins and the tectonic evolution of the western USA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Random Walk Through Plant Biology

The fact that our Symposium organizer, Dr. Karen Hughes, asked me to give this address made it obvious to me that she did not want an introductory talk that dealt specifically with plant tissue culture. This was obvious because what I know about the subject comes from reading and listening rather than from participating in its practice.
Synthetic Polypeptide Metabolism

The chemistry and the biological fate of the antigen are two major parameters in determining whether the antigen interacts with the immunocompetent cell. Interest in the metabolic fate of synthetic polypeptides developed from attempts to explain the differences in immunogenicity between polypeptides composed of L-amino acids and those composed of D-amino acids. The major areas of interest have been the degradation and organ localization of the antigens and the correlation of the nature and magnitude of the antibody response with the fate of the antigen.
Femtosecond beam combination using diffractive optic pairs

A new, scalable method of ultrashort pulse, coherent beam combination is modeled numerically and demonstrated experimentally. 110fs, 1040nm pulses in a 1×4 array are combined using two diffractive optics, preserving pulse duration and spectral width.