cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cost Effectiveness of Using Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-Viremic Hearts for Transplantation into HCV-Negative Recipients

Purpose Direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with cure rates approaching 95-100%. There are recent reports of excellent outcomes following heart transplantation (HT) using HCV-viremic organs. Our aim was to assess the cost-effectiveness of using HCV-viremic hearts for transplantation into HCV-negative recipients with preemptive DAA therapy. Methods We developed a Markov model of disease progression among HCV-negative patients on the HT waitlist. We compared the cost-effectiveness between cohorts of patients willing to accept HCV-viremic or HCV-negative hearts and those only willing to accept HCV-negative hearts from a health care payer perspective with a lifetime time horizon. We examine cost-effectiveness for separate cohorts of waitlisted individuals on inotrope-dependent therapy (IDT) and with ventricular assist devices (VAD), incorporating transitions from IDT to VAD. We assumed 4.9% HCV-viremic prevalence among organ donors based on United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) data. We assumed all patients who received HCV-viremic hearts were treated with 12 weeks of DAAs with 95% primary and retreatment cure rates. Costs (in 2018 USD$) and health utilities (in quality-adjusted life-years) were attached to each stage and discounted 3%/year. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (difference in costs divided by the difference in QALYs) were calculated and considered cost-effective if falling below a $100,000 per QALY gained threshold. Results For both patient cohorts (VAD or IDT awaiting HT), accepting any heart (HCV-viremic or HCV-negative) was cost-saving compared to waiting for only HCV-negative hearts. For patients with a VAD awaiting HT, accepting any heart (HCV-viremic or HCV-negative) resulted in an increase in 0.1 QALY per patient, with an incremental cost of $-1151 compared to waiting for only HCV-negative hearts. For patients on IDT awaiting HT, accepting any heart (HCV-viremic or HCV-negative) was highly cost-saving (incremental costs $-32,971) due to averting potential costs of the VAD index hospitalization. Conclusion The use of HCV-viremic hearts for HCV-negative recipients is potentially cost-saving, and can improve clinical outcomes.
Advanced neuroimaging methods for assessment of low-level light therapy

Abstract Light modulates multiple neurophysiologic pathways within brain. The effect of light therapy on these pathways may be assessed using a variety of techniques including symptom inventories, neurocognitive testing, and neuroimaging. This chapter describes various neuroimaging techniques that may be employed in studying the effect light has on brain in a variety of conditions and diseases such as traumatic brain injury, dementia syndromes, stroke, Parkinson disease, and others. While the chapter focuses on traumatic brain injury, the described neuroimaging methods are general and may be applied to any neurological condition.
An Exploration of Barriers, Facilitators, and Suggestions for Improving Electronic Health Record Inbox-Related Usability: A Qualitative Analysis.

Importance Managing messages in the electronic health record (EHR) inbox consumes substantial amounts of physician time. Certain factors associated with inbox management, such as poor usability and excessive and unnecessary inbox messages, have been associated with physician burnout. Additionally, inbox design, usability, and workflows are associated with physicians’ situational awareness (ie, perception, comprehension, and projection of clinical status) and efficiency of processing EHR inbox messages. Understanding factors associated with inbox usability could improve future EHR inbox designs and workflows, thus reducing risk of burnout while improving patient safety. Objective To determine barriers, facilitators, and suggestions associated with EHR inbox-related usability. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study included cognitive walkthroughs of EHR inbox management with 25 physicians (17 primary care physicians and 8 specialists) at 6 large health care organizations using 4 different EHR systems between May 6, 2015, and September 19, 2016. While processing EHR inbox messages, participants identified facilitators and barriers associated with EHR inbox situational awareness and processing efficiency and potential interventions to address such barriers. A qualitative analysis was performed on transcribed recordings using an inductive thematic approach with an 8-dimension sociotechnical model as a theoretical lens from May 6, 2015, to August 15, 2019. Results The cognitive walkthroughs identified 60 barriers, 32 facilitators, and 28 suggestions for improving the EHR inbox. Emergent data fit within 5 major themes: message processing complexity, inbox interface design, cognitive load, team communication, and inbox message content. Within these themes, similar barriers were identified across sites, such as poor usability due the high numbers of clicks needed to accomplish actions. In certain instances, an identified facilitator at one site provided the exact solution needed to address a barrier identified at another site. Conclusions and Relevance This qualitative study found that usability of the EHR inbox is often suboptimal and variable across sites, suggesting lack of shared best practices related to information management. Implementation of optimized design features and workflows will require EHR developers and health care organizations to collectively share this responsibility. Development of regional or national consortia to support collaborative sharing and implementation of EHR system best practices across EHR developers and health care organizations could also improve safety and efficiency and reduce physician burnout.
Lowering Targeted Atherogenic Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goals for Patients at “Extreme” ASCVD Risk

To review randomized interventional clinical and imaging trials that support lower targeted atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol goals in “extreme” and “very high” atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk settings. Major atherosclerotic cardiovascular event (MACE) prevention among the highest risk patients with ASCVD requires aggressive management of global risks, including lowering of the fundamental atherogenic apolipoprotein B-associated lipoprotein cholesterol particles [i.e., triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnant cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and lipoprotein(a)]. LDL-C has been the long-time focus of imaging studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The 2004 adult treatment panel (ATP-III) update recognized that the long-standing targeted LDL-C goal of 70 mg/dL for patients with CHD, CHD risk equivalency, or ASCVD. Subgroup or meta-analyses of several RCTs, IVUS imaging studies, and the ACS population in IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT) supported the evidence-based 2017 American Association Clinical Endocrinologist (AACE) guideline change establishing a targeted LDL-C goal < 55 mg/dL, non-HDL-C < 80 mg/dl, and apolipoprotein B (apo B) < 70 mg/dL for patients at “Extreme” ASCVD risk, i.e., 10-year 3-point-MACE-composite (CV death, non-fatal MI, or ischemic stroke) risk exceeding 30%. Moreover, with no recognized lower-limit-associated intolerance or safety issues, even more intensive lowering of atherogenic cholesterol levels is supported by the following evidence base: (1) analysis of eight high-intensity statin-based prospective secondary prevention IVUS atheroma volume regression trials; (2) a distribution analysis of on-treatment, ezetimibe and background-statin, of the very low LDL-C levels reached and CVD event risk in the IMPROVE-IT ACS population; (3) the secondary prevention Global Assessment of Pl\aque Regression With a PCSK9 Antibody as Measured by Intravascular Ultrasound (GLAGOV) on background-statin; and (4) the secondary prevention population of Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk (FOURIER). By example, in FOURIER, the population on background-statin at a baseline median 92 mg/dL achieved median LDL-C level of 30 mg/dL and non-HDL-C to < 65 mg/dl, and apo B to < 50 mg/dL, and subgroup and post hoc analyses all demonstrated additional ASCVD event reduction benefits as LDL-C was further reduced. The level of ASCVD risk determines the degree, urgency, and persistence in global risk management, including fundamental atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol particle lowering. “Extreme” risk patients may require extremely low targeted LDL-C, non-HDL-C and apo B goals; such efforts, implied by more recent interventional trials and analyses, are aimed at maximal atheroma plaque regression, stabilization, and MACE event reduction with the aspiration of improved quality lifespan.
Hematopoietic Recovery Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell (CAR T) Therapy in Hematological Malignancies

Background Cytopenias are observed post-CAR T, yet there is minimal data delineating the pathobiology and trends thereof. We report the largest series to our knowledge thus far, of hematopoietic recovery post-CAR T and factors affecting this recovery. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 115 adult patients who received CAR T, at our center, for relapsed/refractory (R/R) B cell lymphomas after FDA approval, R/R B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, NCT01044069) and multiple myeloma (MM, NCT03070327). Blood counts were collected for 12 months or until censored for relapse, progression or initiation of chemotherapy/ conditioning for autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT)/ subsequent treatment with CAR T. Only patients with follow-up > 30 days were included. "Recovery" for the respective blood count was defined to signify absence of transfusions or risk of infections: hemoglobin > 8g/dL and platelets > 50,000/µL without transfusion support in 2 weeks and 1 week, respectively; absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 1,000/µL and white cell count (WBC) > 3,000/µL without growth factor support in 2 weeks. "Complete countrecovery" refers to recovery per above criteria in all 4 counts. Results Eighty three patients were included (Figure 1). By 1 month (n = 83), hemoglobin, platelets, ANC and WBC recovery was noted in 61%, 51%, 33% and 28%, respectively. At 3 months (n = 41), these were 93%, 90%, 81% and 59%. Figure 2 shows recovery at subsequent months. Upon examination of potential variables in a univariate model, lack of recovery of hemoglobin, platelets, ANC and complete count recovery at 1 month was statistically significantly associated with type of CAR construct, higher grade (3-4 vs 1-2 vs none) cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) as well as a higher peak CRP and ferritin (data for complete count recovery in Figure 3). Additionally, lack of hemoglobin recovery at 1 month was associated with lymphodepletion using high dose cyclophosphamide (recovered vs no recovery in 58% vs 42%, p = 0.01) and diagnosis of ALL (65% vs 35%, p = 3 prior lines of therapy (78% vs 22%, p = 0.04). At 3 months, absence of complete count recovery was associated only with the CAR T construct utilized. We also performed a sensitivity analysis using data for all 115 patients and no significant difference in univariate analysis was seen. Conclusions Our study shows that blood counts recover in most patients who have not progressed or received additional therapy by 3 months following CAR T. The association of count recovery with severity of CRS, ICANS as well as inflammatory marker levels indicates that inflammatory response post-CAR T influences hematological recovery in these patients.
The Administrative Presidency and Public Trust in Bureaucracy

Bureaucratic agencies occupy a politically perilous position in the American federal government. As agents of both Congress and the president, agencies are responsible to principals who often perceive political incentives to manage them in ways that appear to undermine agencies' policy missions. In this paper, I study how presidents' administrative strategies affect public confidence in bureaucratic agencies. Survey experiments embedded on a national sample of Americans provide evidence that the loss of expertise significantly reduces public confidence in bureaucracy. These patterns are consistent across several agencies, but are relatively stronger among political Independents and weakest among Republicans. Moreover, I find no evidence that other potential mechanisms of presidential control of bureaucracy, including changes in capacity or its ideological composition, affect public confidence. The results provide new evidence about how information and expertise affect Americans' attitudes toward the federal bureaucracy and shape the incentives for criticism and oversight from political elites.
Cell-cycle regulated expression and serine phosphorylation of the myristylated protein kinase C substrate, SSeCKS: Correlation with culture confluency, cell cycle phase and serum response

We recently identified a novel myristylated protein kinase C (PKC) substrate, named SSeCKS (pronounced essex), whose transcription is suppressed >15 fold in src- or ras-transformed rodent fibroblasts, but not in raf-transformed cells [1, 2]. SSeCKS associates with and controls the elaboration of a cortical cytoskeletal matrix in response to phorbol esters [2], and overexpression of SSeCKS causes growth arrest of untransformed NIH3T3 cells [3]. Our preliminary data suggested that SSeCKS functions as a negative mitogenic regulator by controlling cytoskeletal architecture and that serine phosphorylation of SSeCKS by kinases such as PKC alters its interaction with cytoskeletal matrices and its ability to control mitogenesis. Here, we determine the effects of culture confluency, growth arrest and serum response on the steady-state abundance of SSeCKS RNA and protein and on the relative level of phosphoserine-free SSeCKS. SSeCKS transcription is initially induced by serum factors and by cont act-inhibited growth rather than by cell-cycle arrest induced by serum starvation, hydroxyurea or nocodazole, and following serum-induced G1/S progression, SSeCKS transcription is suppressed. SSeCKS protein is hyperphosphorylated on serine residues during G1/S progression but not during the G2/M phase. Finally, we show that the induction of SSeCKS protein expression by contact inhibition is independent of SSeCKS' serum responsiveness. These data suggest that SSeCKS expression and function can be controlled at either the transcriptional or post-translational level in response to serum factors and culture confluency. The data strengthen the notion that SSeCKS plays an important, yet transient, role in cell cycle progression from G0 to G1 that differs from its role in controlling contact-inhibited growth. (Mol Cell Biochem 175: 233–241, 1997)
A computational study of spin Hall effect device based on 2D materials

Efficient spin-charge conversion is indispensable in spintronic computing and memory technologies for achieving low power. Spin Hall and quantum spin Hall effects have been demonstrated in certain atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials. In this work, we develop a multiscale simulation method from atomistic quantum transport simulation to the circuit model for the spin Hall effect (SHE) device based on 2D materials. Numerical implementation to speed up atomistic transport simulations with the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism is described for the crossbar SHE device. The multiscale method can treat atomistic scale features and compute the spintronic device performance metrics of the modeled device. As an example, the effect of edge roughness on the SHE devices based on monolayer 2D materials is investigated. The results illustrate that aggressively scaled monolayer SHE devices can efficiently transduce charge to spin in the presence of edge roughness.
Measurements from mobile surface vehicles during LAPSE-RATE

Abstract. Between 14 and 20 July 2018, small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) were deployed to the San Luis Valley of Colorado (USA) alongside surface-based remote, in-situ sensors, and radiosonde systems as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). The measurements collected as part of LAPSE-RATE targeted quantities related to enhancing our understanding of boundary layer structure, cloud and aerosol properties and surface-atmosphere exchange, and provide detailed information to support model evaluation and improvement work. Additionally, intensive intercomparison between the different unmanned aircraft platforms was completed. The current manuscript describes the observations obtained using three different types of surface-based mobile observing vehicles. These included the University of Colorado Mobile UAS Research Collaboratory (MURC), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory Mobile Mesonet, and two University of Nebraska Combined Mesonet and Tracker (CoMeT) vehicles. Over the one-week campaign, a total of 143 hours of data were collected using this combination of vehicles. The data from these coordinated activities provide detailed perspectives on the spatial variability of atmospheric state parameters (air temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind) throughout the northern half of the San Luis Valley. These data sets have been checked for quality and published to the Zenodo data archive under a specific community set up for LAPSE-RATE ( https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/ ) and are accessible at no cost by all registered users. The primary dataset DOIs are https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814765 (CU MURC measurements; de Boer et al., 2020d), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3738175 (NSSL MM measurements; Waugh, 2020) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838724 (UNL CoMeT measurements; Houston and Erwin., 2020).
The Real-Time Audience: Data Analytics and Audience Measurements

Web analytics are a powerful tool for deriving audience insights. Analytical tools enable us to capture certain audience behaviors that can drive research on how to make content consumable. This poster covers the best practices for using data analytics to achieve organizational goals especially through technical communication work and the opportunities to include data analytics in TPC pedagogy.
Discussion of Richard Geist’s “Interpretation as Carrier of Selfobject Functions: Catalyzing Inborn Potential”

The author’s discussion of Dick Geist’s article on interpretation as a carrier of selfobject functions starts with a description of how the concept of interpretation has evolved since Freud. It con...
The Species-Specific Acquisition and Diversification of a K1-like Family of Killer Toxins in Budding Yeasts of the Saccharomycotina

Killer toxins are extracellular antifungal proteins that are produced by a wide variety of fungi, including Saccharomyces yeasts. Although many Saccharomyces killer toxins have been previously identified, their evolutionary origins remain uncertain given that many of these genes have been mobilized by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. A survey of yeasts from the Saccharomyces genus has identified a novel killer toxin with a unique spectrum of activity produced by Saccharomyces paradoxus. The expression of this killer toxin is associated with the presence of a dsRNA totivirus and a satellite dsRNA. Genetic sequencing of the satellite dsRNA confirmed that it encodes a killer toxin with homology to the canonical ionophoric K1 toxin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has been named K1-like (K1L). Genomic homologs of K1L were identified in six non-Saccharomyces yeast species of the Saccharomycotina subphylum, predominantly in subtelomeric regions of the genome. When ectopically expressed in S. cerevisiae from cloned cDNAs, both K1L and its homologs can inhibit the growth of competing yeast species, confirming the discovery of a family of biologically active K1-like killer toxins. The sporadic distribution of these genes supports their acquisition by horizontal gene transfer followed by diversification. The phylogenetic relationship between K1L and its genomic homologs suggests a common ancestry and gene flow via dsRNAs and DNAs across taxonomic divisions. This appears to enable the acquisition of a diverse arsenal of killer toxins by different yeast species for potential use in niche competition.
Optical image processing with meta-optics

Image processing has become a critical technology in a variety of science and engineering disciplines. While most image processing is performed digitally, optical analog processing has the advantages of being low-power and high-speed. Here, we demonstrate optical analog imaging processing using flat optics including multi-layer architectures. The use of flat meta-optics opens new doors in optical image processing, such as edge imaging filters, as well as the freedom to spatially multiplex optical functions for off-loading processing tasks from the digital system.
Casimir-cavity-induced conductance changes

The authors show the effect of adjoining a Casimir cavity to one side of metal/insulator/metal device on its conductance, as a consequence of modifying a balance in injection of hot electrons excited by zero-point fluctuations.
The three-dimensional chromatin structure of the major human pancreatic cell types reveals lineage-specific regulatory architecture of T2D risk

Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization maps help to dissect cell type-specific gene regulatory programs. Furthermore, 3D chromatin maps have contributed to elucidating the pathogenesis of complex genetic diseases by connecting distal regulatory regions and genetic risk variants to their respective target genes. To understand the cell type-specific regulatory architecture of diabetes risk, we generated transcriptomic and 3D epigenomic profiles of human pancreatic acinar, alpha, and beta cells using single-cell RNA-seq, single-cell ATAC-seq, and high-resolution Hi-C of sorted cells. Comparisons of these profiles revealed differential A/B (open/closed) chromatin compartmentalization, chromatin looping, and control of cell type-specific gene regulatory programs. We identified a total of 1,094 putative causal-variant-target-gene pairs at 129 type 2 diabetes GWAS signals using pancreatic 3D chromatin maps. We found that the connections between candidate causal variants and their putative target effector genes are cell-type stratified and emphasize previously underappreciated roles for alpha and acinar cells in diabetes pathogenesis
Inserting Phase Change Lines into Microsoft Excel® Graphs

Microsoft Excel® is a popular graphing tool used by behavior analysts to visually display data. However, this program is not always friendly to the graphing conventions used by behavior analysts. For example, adding phase change lines has typically been a cumbersome process involving the insertion of line objects that do not move when new data is added to a graph. The purpose of this article is to describe a novel way to add phase change lines that move when new data is added and when graphs are resized.
Genetically Related Children: Harvesting of Gametes from Deceased or Incompetent Persons

In considering the application of the Social Security law to a posthumously conceived biological child of a deceased worker, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit observed in dicta that a case such as this, “presents a host of difficult legal and even moral questions.” This paper focuses on the standards and policies that should be applied in addressing the multitude of legal and moral questions that arise from the desire to produce genetically related offspring by using the gametes of deceased or incompetent persons.Contemporary medical procedures using assisted reproductive technology have made it possible for even infertile people to have genetically related children. Similarly, even dead people can have children genetically related to them by retrieving their gametes or producing embryos using their gametes to fertilize an egg by in vitro fertilization. These embryos can then be cryopreserved for possible future use to produce a child who is genetically related to the incompetent or deceased person. The potential legal issues may not be initially evident, but issues arising from consent standards for harvesting and using gametes and public policy concerns are real and troubling. While the Uniform Parentage Act addresses some of the matters in the context of parentage of children of Assisted Reproductive Technology (“ART”), and the Uniform Probate Code deals with issues related to inheritance issues arising from ART, the American Bar Association Model Act Governing Assisted Reproductive Technology (“Model Act”) is the only proposed law which attempts to regulate all aspects of ART. It is for that reason that this article uses the Model Act to address the various issues raised in the article. The seven factual examples used in the article illustrate the problems created by requests to harvest and use gametes retrieved from dead or incompetent persons and will be discussed in context in this article. Each of these examples is based at least in part on real-life situations that are discussed in court decisions, reported in the general media, or are known personally to the author.
Persistent, Fulminant Watery Diarrhea Complicating Chronic Active Hepatitis

A 52-year-old nurse with well documented chronic aggressive hepatitis and postnecrotic cirrhosis developed fulminant and persistent watery diarrhea. The stool volumes and ionic composition were identical to those seen in true Vibrio cholerae syndromes. The diarrhea was associated with diffuse inflammation of the small intestine, lasted 6 weeks, and responded only to corticosteroids. It recurred when steroids were tapered. No etiology could be established for the diarrhea. Multiple stool cultures failed to demonstrate any pathogen. No tumor capable of secreting diarrheogenic substances was found at autopsy. As in true Vibrio cholerae, the intestine was able to absorb sodium and water when glucose was present in the intestinal lumen.
American Indian women and domestic violence: The lived experience

During the past 25 years we have witnessed die growth and establishment of domestic violence as a field of inquiry. What has been noticeably absent, however, is research that explores the experience of American Indian women survivors of domestic violence. The data for this study were gathered from audiotaped, in-depth phe-monenological interviews with 13 women from 10 American Indian Nations. This paper reports the findings of the study with particular emphasis on the uncovering of a spiral as a visual representation of the ways in which a woman is both entrapped by, and escapes from, domestic violence. Additionally, implications for social work practice with American Indian women, policy, and research are presented.
Mineral content and in vitro iron bioavailability in seaweeds (1042.7)

Iron (Fe) deficiency remains a public health problem despite large-scale intervention programs. Deficiency is often due to low iron intake and/or bioavailability, especially in plant-based diets. W...
Performance results of the ICON FUV sealed tube converters

The ICON Far Ultra Violet Imaging Spectrograph (ICON FUV) instrument includes one sealed tube microchannel plate (MCP) converter for each of two (135.6 nm and 157 nm wavelength) channels. These are each integrated with a CCD camera assembly to provide ICON FUV’s sensor systems. The ICON FUV sealed tube converters have a 27mm active area and include a double MCP stack with a cesium iodide (CsI) photocathode, a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) input window, a ceramic and Kovar brazed mechanical structure and a phosphor output screen. Performance characteristics are measured for each detector throughout manufacturing and before shipping and include the collection of gain-voltage data, pulse height distributions, flat field images of the output window, background count rates and images, quantum efficiency curves and resolution characteristics. The design and testing of the ICON FUV sealed tube converters are described here.
Intracellular biosynthesis of rabbit antibody.

Abstract Polyribosomes were isolated from lysates of rabbit spleens or lymph nodes that were removed 4 to 5 days after injection with bovine serum albumin. The presence of the heavy or light chains of rabbit immunoglobulin G on the various polyribosomes was examined by indirect precipitation with goat antisera to each of the polypeptide chains. When the polyribosomes were prepared from tissues incubated with labeled amino acids, both antisera precipitated radioactivity from one ribosomal aggregate with a sedimentation constant of about 200 to 250 S. An approximate 6-fold molar excess of light to heavy chains was detected. This same group of polyribosomes also bound antigen (bovine serum albumin), which indicates that the combining site for antigen was present on the polypeptide chains before their release from the ribosomes. The unbound intracellular protein of the cells was examined for free and combined heavy and light chains. Of the total γ-globulin protein within the cell, about 13% was found to be free light chains and about 8% free heavy chains.
Effects of dimethyl quaternary propranolol (UM-272) on oxygen consumption and ischemic ST segment changes in the canine heart.

The effect of dimethyl quarternary propranolol, UM-272, on myocardial oxygen consumption was determined experimentally in anesthetized, open-chest dogs in which the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries were cannulated and perfused at a constant pressure. Coronary arterial and venous blood samples were collected and their oxygen content were measured. Myocardial oxygen consumption was calculated and expressed as milliliters per minute per 100 grams of left ventricle. Mean control myocardial oxygen consumption in five animals was 11.7 +/- 1.9. This was significantly reduced to 7.6 +/- 1.1 after UM-272, 10 mg/kg (P less than 0.5). In separate experiments, hearts were excised from anesthetized dogs and were perfused with oxygenated whole blood via the aorta. Coronary blood flow was held constant and oxygen consumption was calculated and expressed as milliliters per minute per 100 g of myocardium. Mean control oxygen consumption in five hearts was significantly reduced from 3.1 +/- 0.2 to 2.1 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.01). In addition, the effect of UM-272 on myocardial ischemic injury produced in response to acute coronary artery ligation was assessed. The sum ST segment elevations from six epicardial recording sites was reduced from 34.8 +/- 4.9 to 11.3 +/- 2.1 mV (P less than .05). These data suggest that UM-272 would aid in ischemic heart disease by reducing both oxygen utilization and ischemic damage. These data, although suggestive, do not exclude other mechanisms as being related to the reduction in ST segment elevation, mechanisms which may not involve a reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption.
Effect of magnetic polaritons on the radiative properties of inclined plate arrays

Abstract This study investigates the spectral radiative properties of inclined parallel-plate arrays with emphasis on the effect of magnetic polaritons. The rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is employed and the geometry of parallel-plate arrays is reproduced by considering the structure as a multilayered grating with lateral shift. Enhanced absorption at specific wavelengths with angular independence due to the excitation of magnetic resonances is demonstrated with the numerical calculation. The magnetic resonance condition can be simply predicted by a modified capacitor–inductor (LC) model, and electromagnetic field distributions are presented to illustrate the unique behavior of magnetic polaritons such as field localization and induced currents. The agreement between the RCWA and LC model on the resonance conditions confirms the excitation of magnetic polaritons. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the geometric effects on the radiative properties. It is shown that the resonance wavelengths of magnetic polaritons can be tuned by changing the plate length, thickness, period, or inclination angle. The understanding gained from this study may benefit the design of energy harvesting devices.
A Critic Criticised

THERE is a tendency among critics to condemn a book for not comprising what it was not intended to contain. Such critics have a preconceived notion of what a writer should have included in his treatise; they glance through the pages in a superficial manner for what they think should be there, and not finding such topics expressed to their mind immediately condemn the treatise.
Scattering of fast neutrons by 12C, 54Fe, 56Fe, 58Ni and 60Ni

Abstract Differential elastic and inelastic neutron scattering cross sections have been measured for 12C, 54Fe, 56Fe, 58Ni and 60Ni between 4,0 and 5.6 MeV.The 54Fe, 56Fe, 58Ni and 60Ni elastic cross sections are compared with predictions of the optical model using standard sets of parameters for the potential. Inelastic angular distributions are calculated assuming the statistical model and, in addition, for each first excited state a direct reaction contribution was calculated using the DWBA. The agreement between theory and experiment is satisfactory.
Conservation Laws in Transversely Isotropic Linear Elastic Materials

We find and classify all conservation laws in transversely isotropic linear elastic materials. The complete family of laws is generated by the family of laws which exist for all linear elastic materials and two laws which are generalizations of those found in isotropic materials. One of these latter conservation laws is new. In the case that a certain degeneracy condition exists, there are two more previously unknown laws. There are no further conservation laws unless the material is equivalent under a general linear change of variables to an isotropic material.
Phosphorus Leaching from Biosolids‐Amended Sandy Soils

Increasing emphasis on phosphorus (P)-based nutrient management underscores the need to understand P behavior in soils amended with biosolids and manures. Laboratory and greenhouse column studies characterized P forms and leachability of eight biosolids products, chicken manure (CM), and commercial fertilizer (triple superphosphate, TSP). Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) was grown for 4 mo on two acid, P-deficient Florida sands, representing both moderate (Candler series: hyperthermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments) and very low (Immokalee series: sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Alaquods) P-sorbing capacities. Amendments were applied at 56 and 224 kg P(T) ha(-1), simulating P-based and N-based nutrient loadings, respectively. Column leachate P was dominantly inorganic and lower for biosolids P sources than TSP. For Candler soil, only TSP at the high P rate exhibited P leaching statistically greater (alpha = 0.05) than control (soil-only) columns. For the high P rate and low P-sorbing Immokalee soil, TSP and CM leached 21 and 3.0% of applied P, respectively. Leachate P for six biosolids was <1.0% of applied P and not statistically different from controls. Largo biosolids, generated from a biological P removal process, exhibited significantly greater leachate P in both cake and pelletized forms (11 and 2.5% of applied P, respectively) than other biosolids. Biosolids P leaching was correlated to the phosphorus saturation index (PSI = [Pox]/[Al(ox) + Fe(ox)]) based on oxalate extraction of the pre-applied biosolids. For hiosolids with PSI < or = approximately 1.1, no appreciable leaching occurred. Only Largo cake (PSI = 1.4) and pellets (PSI = 1.3) exhibited P leaching losses statistically greater than controls. The biosolids PSI appears useful for identifying biosolids with potential to enrich drainage P when applied to low P-sorbing soils.
Applying Computational Science to Education: The Molecular Workbench Paradigm

The molecular workbench offers highly interactive molecular dynamics simulations to help students learn difficult scientific concepts. The software demonstrates how scientists can transform research tools into educational tools. Research studies show that students learn better using computational models.
Localization of mGluR1a-like immunoreactivity and mGluR5-like immunoreactivity in identified populations of striatal neurons

Metabotropic glutamate receptors are important mediators of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission in the striatum. Two-color immunofluorescence histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in combination with retrograde tract-tracing techniques were used to examine the distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 1a and 5 (mGluR1a and mGluR5) among identified subpopulations of striatal projection neurons and interneurons. The majority of striatopallidal and striatonigral neurons were double-labeled for both mGluR1a or mGluR5. Approximately 60% to 70% of either striatonigral or striatopallidal neurons expressed mGluR1a- or mGluR5-like immunoreactivity. The percentage of double-labeled striatopallidal or striatonigral projection neurons did not differ among striatal quadrants. Striatal interneurons expressing parvalbumin or somatostatin or choline acetyltransferase exhibited varying degrees of expression of mGluR1a or mGluR5. Virtually all (94%) parvalbumin-immunoreactive striatal neurons expressed mGluR1a-like immunoreactivity with a majority (79%) of these neurons expressing mGluR5-like immunoreactivity. A high percentage (89%) of striatal choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons were double-labeled for mGluR1a-like immunoreactivity. Approximately 65% of striatal choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons expressed mGluR5-like immunoreactivity. A majority (65%) of somatostatin-immunoreactive striatal interneurons expressed mGluR1a-like immunoreactivity with a slightly lower percentage (55%) expressing mGluR5-like immunoreactivity. These findings indicate considerable heterogeneity among striatal projection and interneurons with respect to mGluR1a and mGluR5 expression. There may be subpopulations of striatonigral and striatopallidal projection neurons. These results are consistent as well with prior data indicating subpopulations of the different classes of striatal interneurons.
Effects of alcohol on active transport in the rat stomach.

The topical application of 20% ethanol in 150 mN NaCl to rat gastric mucosa in vivo produced an immediate but transient drop in transmucosal electrical potential. When ethanol was present in an acid solution (50 mN NaCl + 100 mN HCl), the changes in transmucosal potential difference became more marked. The electrical potentials at their lowest values were then correlated with luminal electrolyte concentrations (Na+, K+, H+, and Cl−). Changes in luminal volume and concentrations of Na+, K+, and H+ 5 minutes after ethanol application were negligible. However, Cl− concentration decreased significantly when the electrical potential fell to minimal values. Our data indicate that one of the earliest effects of ethanol on the rat stomach is a depression of gastric mucosal potential, which correlates with Cl− movement. Measurements of electrical resistance by an in vivo short-circuit current technic suggest that ethanol acts by inhibiting active transport processes.
Informal and Incidental Learning

This chapter provides a theory of informal and incidental learning and updates this theory based on recent research.
Can entropy characterize performance of online algorithms

We focus in this work on an aspect of online computation that is not addressed by the standard competitive analysis. Namely, identifying request sequences for which non-trivial online algorithms are useful versus request sequences for which all algorithms perform equally bad. The motivation for this work are advanced system and architecture designs which allow the operating system to dynamically allocate resources to online protocols such as prefetching and caching. To utilize these features the operating system needs to identify data streams that can benefit from more resources.Our approach in this work is based on the relation between entropy, compression and gambling, extensively studied in information theory. It has been shown that in some settings entropy can either fully or at least partially characterize the expected outcome of an iterative gambling game. Viewing online problem with stochastic input as an iterative gambling game, our goal is to study the extent to which the entropy of the input characterizes the expected performance of online algorithms for problems that arise in computer applications. We study bounds based on entropy for three online problems — list accessing, prefetching and caching. We show that entropy is a good performance characterizer for prefetching, but not so good characterizer for online caching.
Xenon matrix and zeolite Na-Y two methods for study of radical cations

Two new methods for the study of reactive radical cations are outlined. The commonly used freon matrix method for the study of radical cations produced by the γ- radiolysis is augmented by the use of a xenon matrix with an electron scavenger. The use of a zeolite matrix is a new development as the zeolite structure, and the ions in the zeolite can be utilized to stabilize radiolytically produced cations in a remarkable temperature range.
Elemental hair analysis of Japanese macaques transplanted to the United States

One of the world’s best studied troops of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) was captured intact at Arashiyama, Japan and transplanted to a brushland savannah area near Laredo, Texas, in 1972. The transplantation provided a unique opportunity to study the biological responses of this troop to a drastically different environment than the one in which it evolved. We investigated one biological response, the metabolism of nutrient, and non-nutrient elements, by neutron activation analysis (NAA) of hair from 88 of the transplanted monkeys nine months after transplantation. Many of the elements mammals metabolize are deposited in hair. Hair analysis is therefore a measure of these elements the mammal encounters in its environment. Hair concentration of S and Cl were found to increase with animal age at the 95% confidence level, and hair concentrations of Hg, Se, and I were found to decrease with animal age at the 95% confidence level. Male hair had more Zn and less Se than female hair at the 95% confidence level. Comparison of this information with similar information on the sister troop in Japan and on other troops will provide some indication of the homeostatic ability of this primate species to cope with different exposure regimes of certain elements. Such information is of general interest where pollution and other cultural activities are changing environmental levels of many elements.
Possible Relation of a Null Solar Neutrino Flux to the II Year Solar Cycle

AN experimental measurement of the flux of neutrinos from the Sun has recently been reported1. The method uses 3.9×105 l. of C2Cl4 to absorb neutrinos in the 37Cl(ν,e−)37Ar reaction, which has a threshold at 0.81 MeV and is energy-sensitive. Because of the enhanced cross-section for energetic neutrinos, the chief contribution to the counting rate was expected from 8B decay in the solar core2. But the number of neutrinos detected did not exceed the measured background for the instrument, and so served only to provide an upper limit on the flux of energetic solar neutrinos. The authors concluded that less than 9 per cent of the Sun's energy is produced by the carbon–nitrogen cycle.
Newer pharmaceutical agents to treat lipid disorders

The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and the results of the Heart Protection Study have provided a stronger rationale to more aggressively treat high-risk patients to a low-density (LDL) cholesterol goal of less than 100 mL/dL. Two new therapies, ezetimibe and rosuvastatin, have recently been added to the lipid-lowering armamentarium to improve guideline adherence. Ezetimibe, a novel cholesterol absorption inhibitor, lowers LDL by 18% to 20% and can be used safely in combination with statins. Adding ezetimibe to a statin is comparable with the LDL-lowering efficacy of tripling the dose of the statin. Rosuvastatin is a highly efficacious statin providing 8% greater LDL reduction than equivalent doses of atorvastatin, and the starting dose of 10 mg/d provides nearly a 50% reduction in LDL cholesterol. There are several investigational drugs in development for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Of these investigational drugs, the most promising are the cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors, which have the potential to significantly raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and acetyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors, which may directly inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis.
A Comparative Analysis of Adoptive Family Functioning with Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Parents and Their Children

Abstract The objectives of this comparative study were to examine adoptive family functioning with a sample of gay, lesbian, and heterosexual adoptive parents and their children. The results suggested that parent sexual orientation is not a significant predictor of adoptive family functioning, adopted child's behavior, and parent's perceptions of helpfulness from family support networks. Furthermore, a regression analysis suggested the following variables were associated with higher levels of family functioning: adoptive parents who were previously foster parents and children who had more previous placements prior to adoption. Lower family functioning was associated with children adopted through CPS; with children who had mental health diagnoses, learning disorders, or other handicapping conditions; and with children who were in a higher grade in school. The results of this comparative study of adoptive families support the need for more methodologically rigorous research that includes gay and lesbian ado...
The role of frameworks in children's retention of sex-related story content☆

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to examine the role of frameworks in children's memory for sex-related story information. In both experiments, 48 fifth graders (10-year-olds) read two stories about boy and girl characters who displayed an equal number of masculine and feminine characteristics. Attempts were made to activate frameworks for processing story information by providing character descriptions that were congruent or incongruent with societal sex role stereotypes. In Experiment 1, advance presentation of sex role-congruent and incongruent character descriptions produced selective memory for content consistent with each description. Moreover, sex-stereotypic descriptions biased memory more than descriptions conflicting with stereotypic beliefs. To determine whether frameworks have their major influence on the encoding or retrieval process, Experiment 2 presented subjects with character descriptions after the stories. Subjects displayed superior memory for sex-stereotypic content regardless of description type, indicating that frameworks affected encoding more than retrieval. The implications of this research for improving children's reading comprehension were discussed.