cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetics and Regulation of Base Modification in the tRNA and rRNA of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

This chapter describes some of the better-understood systems, primarily in bacteria and yeast, that exhibit regulation of modification enzyme activity or gene expression. It attempts to bring out the common themes about regulation that are emerging from ongoing studies of the modification process. The efficiency of nonsense codon suppression has been exploited to analyze the effects of tRNA modification on decoding and codon context in bacteria and eukaryotes. New genetic approaches combined with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) screening and reverse genetics will likely lead to the identification of the remaining tRNA and rRNA modification genes in bacteria and yeast. A recent determination by quantitative Western immunoblotting showed that the MiaA (i6A37) prenyltransferase is also a moderately abundant enzyme at about 650 monomers per cell (≈ 1 μM) in bacteria growing exponentially in enriched minimal-glucose medium. MiaA may need to be present in comparatively high cellular amounts, because its activity is strongly competitively inhibited for its prenyl substrate, dimethylallyl diphosphate (alternatively called Δ2-isopentenyl pyrophosphate), by nucleotide di- and triphosphates. The genes whose expression is affected by these undermodifications need to be identified by two-dimensional gel analyses or genetic methods using random lacZ fusions. After these targets are identified, it will be possible to access whether the magnitude of the effects of undermodification on gene expression is sufficiently large to readily indicate physiological significance.
Wave propagation in equivalent continuums representing truss lattice materials

Abstract Stiffness scales linearly with density in stretch-dominated lattice meta-materials offering the possibility of very light yet very stiff structures. Current additive manufacturing techniques can assemble structures from lattice materials, but the design of such structures will require accurate, efficient simulation methods. Equivalent continuum models have several advantages over discrete truss models of stretch dominated lattices, including computational efficiency and ease of model construction. However, the development an equivalent model suitable for representing the dynamic response of a periodic truss in the small deformation regime is complicated by microinertial effects. This paper derives a dynamic equivalent continuum model for periodic truss structures suitable for representing long-wavelength wave propagation and verifies it against the full Bloch wave theory and detailed finite element simulations. The model must incorporate microinertial effects to accurately reproduce long wavelength characteristics of the response such as anisotropic elastic soundspeeds. The formulation presented here also improves upon previous work by preserving equilibrium at truss joints for simple lattices and by improving numerical stability by eliminating vertices in the effective yield surface.
Soil moisture and precipitation thresholds for real-time landslide prediction in El Salvador

Described is the development of a regional forecasting system for landslide hazard threat level, suitable for use operationally by forecasting and disaster management agencies. The system utilizes spatially distributed operational hydrologic models to estimate depth-integrated soil moisture on basin scales of order 160 km2, with forcing of remotely sensed and on-site precipitation data. The depth-integrated soil moisture data and the precipitation forcing are used together with regional databases of landslide occurrence to develop threshold curves in the precipitation/soil moisture space that allow the prediction of landslide hazard threat level on satellite-derived rainfall pixel scales. Predetermined susceptibility maps may then be used together with the real-time prediction of hazard threat level for a particular rainfall pixel to determine the slopes within the pixel that are more likely to fail in real time and to characterize a given pixel as susceptible or non-susceptible to landsliding for real-time prediction. The operational system development requires global satellite precipitation estimates with short latency, real-time precipitation data from sparse rain gauges in the region, and a regional database of historical landslide events with location and timing information. Parametric databases that support the operational hydrologic model consist of soil texture by depth and land-use/land-cover information. The case study presented is for the country of El Salvador. The study shows the feasibility of the regional system development and the validation of the assumed existence of a threshold curve in two-dimensional space consisting of the depth-integrated soil moisture and of the forcing precipitation. The resulting threshold curve, when examined with data from the period 2006–2011 in El Salvador, resulted in warnings of landslide occurrence with frequency that spanned the range between 1 and 5 % of the days for the basins identified to be susceptible to landsliding.
Epoxy, Urethane, Silicone; choice of encapsulant for high reliability magnetic components

Sandia National Laboratories has been encapsulating magnetic components for over 40 years. The reliability of magnetic component assemblies that must withstand a variety of environments and then function correctly is dependent on the use of appropriate encapsulating formulations. Specially developed formulations are critical and enable us to provide high reliability magnetic components. This paper discuss epoxy, urethane, and silicone formulations for several of our magnetic components.
Plasticity at the Atomic Scale: Parametric, Atomistic, and Electronic Structure Methods

Over the last hundred years our evolving comprehension of deformation has been based on the discovery and understanding of the line defects (dislocations) that control plasticity. While our ability to directly model various defects has improved over this time, a great deal has been learned about deformation processes using parametric approaches. A natural extension of analytic models, parametric studies are sometimes overlooked in our search for the most accurate computational representation of the mechanism that controls a given materials property. However, parametric strategies has been broadly employed in the materials community. For example, we have used parametric approaches to study the influence of micro-structural properties on the strengthening mechanisms in model Ni-based super alloys and the influence of chemistry on high temperature strengthening in Ti-Al alloys [1, 2]. Also, current dislocation dynamics calculations can be viewed as a template for parametric studies of the role of various defect-defect interactions and how they control macroscopic behavior. The deformation behavior of the bcc transition metals provides an excellent historical example of this type of work and how it influenced our understanding of these materials.
State Space Models for Gaussian Stochastic Processes

A comprehensive theory of stochastic realization for multivariate stationary Gaussian processes is presented. It is coordinate-free in nature, starting out with an abstract state space theory in Hilbert space, based on the concept of splitting subspace. These results are then carried over to the spectral domain and described in terms of Hardy functions. Each state space is uniquely characterized by its structural function, an inner function which contains all the systems theoretical characteristics of the corresponding realizations. Finally coordinates are introduced and concrete differential-equation-type representations are obtained. This paper is an abridged version of a forthcoming paper, which in turn summarizes and considerably extends results which have previously been presented in a series of preliminary conference papers.
Response to Marie Paz Morales’ “Influence of culture and language sensitive physics on science attitude achievement”

This response to Marie Paz Morales’ “Influence of culture and language sensitive physics on science attitude achievement” explores the ideas of culturally responsive pedagogy and critical literacy to examine some implications for culturally responsive science instruction implicit in the original manuscript.
A Network Flow Approach in Cloud Computing

In this paper, by using network flow principles, we propose algorithms to address various challenges in cloud computing. One of the main challenges is to consider both communication and computation constraints in the network. In the proposed network flow framework, we model the amount of computation in each node of the network as a function of its total self-loop flows. We consider two computation cost models: a linear computation cost model and a maximum computation cost model. We show that, our network flow framework can be used as a systematic technique of balancing computation loads over different nodes of the network. This network flow framework can also be used for cloud network design. A network topology is optimal for certain computations if it maximizes the total computation rate under communication/computation constraints. We propose a greedy algorithm to design a cloud network with a certain network characteristics in terms of communication and computation costs. We provide simulation results to illustrate the performance of our algorithms.
Evolution of Two Types of Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus Similar to Type 1 and Type 2 Epstein-Barr Virus

Rhesus monkeys and other nonhuman Old World primates are naturally infected with lymphocryptoviruses (LCV) that are closely related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A rhesus LCV isolate (208-95) was derived from a B-cell lymphoma in a simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaque. The EBNA-2 homologues from 208-95 and a previous rhesus LCV isolate (LCL8664) were polymorphic on immunoblotting, so the EBNA-2 genes from these two rhesus LCV were cloned, sequenced, and compared. The EBNA-2 genes have 40% nucleotide and 41% amino acid identities, and the differences are similar to those between the type 1 and type 2 EBV EBNA-2. Sequence from a portion of the LMP1 gene which is extremely divergent among different LCV was virtually identical between the 208-95 and LCL8664 strains, confirming a common rhesus LCV background. Thus, the EBNA-2 polymorphism defines the presence of two different rhesus LCV types, and both rhesus LCV types were found to be prevalent in the rhesus monkey population at the New England Regional Primate Research Center. The existence of two rhesus LCV types suggests that the selective pressure for the evolution of two LCV types is shared by human and nonhuman primate hosts.
Controversies in family planning: management of second-trimester losses in the setting of an abdominal cerclage

For women who have a fetal demise with an abdominal cerclage in place, route of uterine evacuation is a clinical dilemma. We review a case of a second trimester loss in the setting of an abdominal cerclage in an HIV positive woman. We provide other clinician's experience and management strategies and provide a review of cases found in the literature.
Behind the veil: The many masks of subaltern sexuality

Abstract European women in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century India were usually banished from public or political activity by colonial patriarchy, but if politics is also enacted in various non-governmental arenas, it is evident that the domestic parlor, the kitchen, the servants' quarters, and other physical spaces that colonial women managed would also become spaces where colonial ideology was constructed and modified. This paper explores the construction of a bourgeois domestic ideology as an alternative voice within colonialist patriarchy, and at the inscription of the subaltern female body as a metonymic text of subaltern conspiracy and treachery. A bourgeois ethnographic tradition of looking at the subaltern female body finds articulation in Aphra Behn's Oroonoko (1688) and in Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's (Halsband, 1965) Letters from the Levant (1716–1718). Keeping this tradition in mind, this paper will look specifically at the ethnographic body criticisms of Mrs. Kindersley, Mrs. Eliza Fay, and Mrs. Mary Martha Sherwood. The “public” eastern woman appeared in many cultural contexts in the east, but in this paper she essentially signifies the eastern dancer — the nautch or tamasha girl — whose profession was frequently and unhesitatingly associated with sex work, and the Indian female domestic servant. The “private” woman, on the other hand, was the inhabitant of the zenana or the harem (the women's quarters). The profession of the dancing girl — an entertainment enjoyed by English and Indian observers — was interpreted to indicate the dancer's diseased and atavistic sexuality. However, while the public and private spheres were supposedly demarcated as secret and private in the case of the women's residential quarters, and shamelessly and spectacularly promiscuous and public in the case of the theatricl performance, in reality the narratives suggested a complicity between private and public subaltern sexual conduct and inclinations, the only difference in the case of the harem or zenana being a greater degree of masculine oppression and feminine self-censure. The strip-tease-like gradual discarding of the veil in the tamasha or nautch and its middle eastern equivalents appeared to be only the fully eroticized expression of the languid gestural language in the zenana or harem. Thus, one of the monolithic indices this body discourse achieves is a proclamation of the universal rampancy of subaltern female sexuality, destroying the patriarchally imposed distinction of public and private upon which western protofeminism constructed itself.
Differential Phosphatidylserine Recognition by the Tim Family of Immune Regulatory Receptors

Recognition of phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids exposed on the extracellular leaflet of plasma membranes is implicated in both apoptotic cell removal and immune regulation. Using a combination of interfacial x-ray scattering, molecular dynamics simulations, and membrane binding assays, we examined how different members of the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing (Tim) family of PS receptors recognize PS in the context of a lipid bilayer. Our findings demonstrate that in addition to the known Ca2+-coordinated, single-PS binding pocket, the different Tim proteins have different number of weaker sites of potential ionic interactions with PS lipids, and show different levels of hydrophobic insertion. These subtle differences in PS recognition likely contribute to the differences in immunological function among the Tim proteins.
Development of an Interface Method for Implementing Road Grade in Chassis Dynamometer Testing

Mobile source emissions inventory data from heavy-duty on-road vehicles are traditionally obtained using three methods: engine dynamometer, chassis dynamometer, or in-use vehicle driving. Engine dynamometer testing provides for the greatest control and highest accuracy but requires the most time and can be cost prohibitive when obtaining emissions from many in-use engines. In-use emissions collection is a relatively inexpensive and rapid method of obtaining real-world data, but this method is relatively new and is not regulated by any Federal or international regulations as of yet and accuracy of the data from these devices has not been established. Chassis dynamometer-based testing provides for the means of obtaining a large sample of data from in-use vehicles in a controlled environment. However, existing chassis dynamometer cycles assume a level road surface with no grade. In a chassis dynamometer test cycle, a simple line trace is used to represent the desired vehicle speed on a video monitor for the driver to follow. A second line trace is overlaid on the first to indicate the actual vehicle speed on the dynamometer and the drive adjusts the vehicle speed to match the scheduled speed as closely as he is able. Experienced chassis dynamometer test drivers are able to look at the desired speed and anticipate the required gearshifts during the testing. However, to account for road grade in a chassis dynamometer test schedule, the driver of the vehicle will require additional cues. Also, drivers may not drive a vehicle while following a trace in the same way that they drive on the road. To implement grade and inject a sense of the real world in a chassis dynamometer test cycle, a virtual reality interface has been developed to employ images of a roadway with feedback between the driver’s performance and the image. As a first step to implementing grade, a level road surface using a virtual reality interface was emulated using an in-house developed software package to present images of roadways, including traffic control signals and constraints due to traffic congestion. In the virtual reality execution, the driver perceives the position of the vehicle relative to traffic signals and other traffic cues. An initial investigation into the effect of road grade using the conventional line trace method is shown and then use of the virtual reality approach is compared with the conventional line trace. The results from the study shows that an experienced driver can use the virtual reality interface with similar emission results as the conventional line trace method.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Increasing the high frequency limit of a commercial far-infrared interferometer

Abstract Modifications to a commercial far-infrared interferometer are described. These modifications allow operation to 1000 cm −1 .
Trace metal enrichments in waters of the Gulf of Cadiz, Spain

Dissolved Cu, Cd, and Zn concentrations in continental shelf waters of the Gulf of Cadiz are much higher than reported for other coastal areas. Direct observations of the metal enrichments in this region were made in March–April 1986 and October 1986; indirect observations (in the Alboran Sea) suggest similar enrichments occurred in June 1982 and September 1980, and it is probable that these enrichments are a persistent feature of the region. Zinc concentrations varied by more than two orders of magnitude between Atlantic water entering the Strait of Gibraltar (<1 nmol/kg) and Spanish shelf water (up to 160 nmol/kg). Copper and cadmium were also highly enriched in Spanish shelf water (up to 47 and 1.3 nmol/kg, respectively), and concentrations of these metals varied co-linearly with Zn. Chemical profiles show that metal enrichments over the Spanish shelf extended from the surface down to about a 45 m depth. In contrast, Ni, phosphate, silicate, and 228Ra/226Ra all occurred at levels typical of other shelf waters. Copper, cadmium, and zinc concentrations in nearby Moroccan shelf water were only a factor of 2 to 3 higher than off-shore surface Atlantic water. A steep surface Cu, Cd, and Zn concentration gradient was observed in the axis of the Strait of Gibraltar denoting the boundary between off-shore Atlantic and Spanish shelf water. Metal:metal and metal:salinity relationships immediately west of the Strait of Gibraltar show that variations in the composition of surface water can be described by conservative mixing of three sources: (1) metal-depleted surface Atlantic water, (2) Spanish shelf water, highly enriched in Cu, Cd, and Zn, and (3) subsurface North Atlantic Central Water, enriched in Cd and slightly enriched in Ni. Because the Atlantic inflow through the Strait is the main water source for the Mediterranean Sea, enrichments in the Gulf of Cadiz influence metal concentrations of the whole basin. Some temporal metal variation is observed in Spanish shelf water: Zn concentrations decreased by a factor of two between April and October 1986. Although metal concentrations increase systematically with decreasing salinity over the Spanish shelf, Iberian rivers cannot account for the Cu, Cd, and Zn enrichments. An anthropogenic source of any type seems unlikely because the loss of Cu, Cd, and Zn by entrainment of shelf water through the Strait of Gibraltar is equivalent to a significant fraction of total metal consumption on the Iberian peninsula. A diagenetic shelf sediment source may be more plausible, but it would have to be of much greater magnitude than on other shelves. One mechanism that may enhance metal fluxes from shelf sediments is a coastal “metal trap” driven by an estuarine-type circulation pattern and biological production along the Iberian coast. This process is illustrated here by a simple box model; if this process occurs along the whole Iberian peninsula, Cd enrichments (but perhaps only part of the observed Cu or Zn enrichments) could be sustained against the considerable advective metal sink through the Strait of Gibraltar.
Gender in Mock Hiring Decisions

On the basis of reviewing three resumes, 80 college students (44 women, 36 men), role-playing as human resource managers, were asked to recommend a candidate for a sales position at a brokerage firm. The apparent gender of candidates for the position was manipulated by assigning names that were gender-ambiguous or gender-specific to a given resume. Students were asked to select one of three candidates: (1) the most qualified, (2) the less qualified for whom gender was ambiguous, or (3) the less qualified who differed in gender from the most qualified. Students were also asked to select a second candidate for an interview for the job. Analysis indicated both men and women favored their own gender. Only 56% of these college students who were enrolled in psychology and business courses, which should serve as some foundation for a career in human resources, actually selected the most qualified applicant.
Shakespeare and Performance

The field of Shakespeare performance criticism, also called stage-centered criticism, was founded about 30 years ago on the insistence that critical insights about Shakespeare's plays can best be drawn – indeed, at the extreme, should only be drawn – from performance, rather than from their written forms. Determined to transcend, confront, or illustrate the speciousness of a ‘stage versus page’ battle to which this basic assertion gave rise, some more recent performance critics, influenced by poststructuralist theory and performance studies, have sought productive ways of connecting procedures for meaning-making on all sides of theatrical production – those of the theatrical practitioners who craft performances, those of the audiences who respond to them, and those of the performance critics who write about them. This essay begins by diagnosing performance criticism's characteristic mood – an affective ‘state of the field’. Both across its history and within different moments of that history, I suggest, performance criticism has moved between the celebration of plenitude and the mourning of loss. After framing performance criticism transhistorically through this lens of live presence and ephemeral disappearance, the essay sketches the field's development chronologically, structuring this sketch around two questions: What have performance critics thought themselves to be doing to performance (imagining it? documenting it?). And what have performance critics thought performances to be doing to the meanings of plays (discovering them? creating them?).
Recent developments in downstream processing based on affinity interactions

Abstract Novel purification processes have been developed, based on the interaction between complementary biomolecules, to circumvent the difficulties encountered by conventional affinity chromatography. Depending upon the procedure used for isolating the ligand—binder complex, the process can be termed affinity cross-flow filtration, affinity partition or affinity precipitation. This review describes the developments and potentials of such purification techniques.
Self-regulation and the enforcement of professional codes

This study examines society's choice of inputs for the creation of trust in professional services. Professional codes and their enforcement are only one possible input that society has at its disposal for the production of this trust. Other inputs include civil and criminal codes. If society is modeled as a multi-input “firm,” then it will tend to use less of any input as that input grows less productive or more costly. To identify factors that might impact society's future use of professional self-regulation as a trust-producing input, the productivities and costs of enforcing professional codes are modeled.
A Thermodynamic Study Of N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-Hydroxyethyl)-Ethylenediamine Complexes With Nickel(II), Copper(II), And Zinc (II)

Abstract Thermodynamic parameters have been determined by poten-tiometric techniques for complex ions formed by N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine TKED, with nickel (II), copper(II), and zinc(II) ions. The formation constants, enthalpy, and free energy data for the complexes exhibited values qualitatively consistent with predicted ligand field stabilization trends for these cations. The general expected stability of the complexes in the order Ni(II) Zn(II) is observed.
Outcomes following local therapy for early-stage breast cancer in non-trial populations

Recent studies suggest trends toward more mastectomies for primary breast cancer treatment. We assessed survival after mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with radiation for early-stage breast cancer among non-selected populations of women and among women similar to those in clinical trials. Using population-based data from Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries linked with Medicare administrative data from 1992 to 2005, we conducted propensity score analysis of survival following primary therapy for early-stage breast cancer, including BCS with radiation, BCS without radiation, mastectomy with radiation, and mastectomy without radiation. Adjusted survival was greatest among women who had BCS with radiation (median survival = 10.98 years). Compared with this group, mortality was higher among women who had mastectomy without radiation (median survival 10.04 years, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–1.23), mastectomy with radiation (median survival 10.02 years, HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.14–1.27), and BCS without radiation (median survival 7.63 years, HR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.70–1.92). Among women representative of those eligible for clinical trials (age ≤70 years, Charlson comorbidity score = 0/1, and stage 1 tumors), there were no differences in survival for women who underwent BCS with radiation or mastectomy. In conclusion, after careful adjustment for differences in patient, physician, and hospital characteristics, we found better survival for BCS with radiation versus mastectomy among older early-stage breast cancer patients, with no difference in survival for BCS with radiation versus mastectomy among women representative of those in clinical trials. These findings are reassuring in light of recent trends towards more aggressive primary breast cancer therapy.
Performance measures and optimal design of linear structural systems under stochastic stationary excitation

Abstract The optimal design of linear structural systems under stochastic, stationary dynamic excitation is discussed. Several measures are considered for quantification of the stochastic performance, including the standard H 2 and multi-objective H 2 measures related to the second-order statistics of the response, as well as a measure related to first-passage system reliability. Of these, first-passage reliability is the performance measure most closely aligned with the design of Civil Engineering structures, but it is also the least analytically-tractable. This paper discusses the evaluation and optimization of these performance measures, including an efficient approximation to first-passage reliability, and examines the degree to which the optimal structural design, and its reliability, vary when the optimization is carried out under these different measures. For the reliability-optimal design, the effect of the spatial and temporal correlation of multiple out-crossing events is investigated. An example is presented, which considers the optimal configuration of viscous dampers for protection of a five storey structure under earthquake excitation.
Inelastic scattering matrix elements, cross sections and rate constants for transition B(2P1/2) + H2(j = 0) ↔ B(2P3/2) + H2(j = 0)

Abstract The non-adiabatic wave packet collisions of B( 2 P 1/2 ) + H 2 ( j = 0) ↔ B( 2 P 3/2 ) + H 2 ( j = 0) were calculated using the time dependent Channel Packet Method to compute transition probabilities, cross sections and rate constants. While the H 2 angular momentum j was fixed to 0, the total angular momentum of the system J , was varied from 1/2 to 153/2. The feature of the Stuckelberg oscillation was shown in transition probabilities. The transition from B( 2 P 3/2 ) to B( 2 P 1/2 ) state was shown to be favored over the reverse process. The ratio of the computed rate constants was well compared with that of the analytic result obtained from the Boltzmann factor and the detailed balance.
Earnings, Earnings Growth, and Value

A recent paper by Ohlson and Juettner-Nauroth (2005) develops a model in which a firm’s expected earnings and their growth determine its value. At least on its surface, the model appeals because it embeds the core principle used in investment practice and, further, generalizes the Constant Growth model (Gordon and Williams) without restricting the firm’s dividend policy. This text reviews the valuation model and its properties. It also extends previous results by analyzing a number of issues not adequately covered in the original paper. These topics include the precise nature of dividend policy irrelevancy, how the model relates to other well-known valuation models, the role of accounting principles, and how it can be developed on the basis of an underlying information dynamics. A central result shows why the model should be accorded “benchmark” status.
The challenge of separating effects of simultaneous education projects on student achievement

Abstract When multiple education projects operate in an overlapping or rear-ended manner, it is always a challenge to separate unique project effects on schooling outcomes. Our analysis represents a first attempt to address this challenge. A three-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was presented as a general analytical framework to separate program effects while taking into account the hierarchy in educational data. The HLM model was then applied to data from the Commonwealth Accountability Testing System that the State of Kentucky has implemented for years, in an attempt to separate the effects of two education projects aimed at improving mathematics and science education in the Appalachian region: the Appalachian Rural Systemic Initiative (ARSI) closely followed by the Appalachian Mathematics and Science Partnership (AMSP). Even though the HLM model successfully separated ARSI and AMSP effects, relevant statistical issues were discussed to improve future efforts in separating effects of simultaneous education projects on schooling outcomes.
Augmentation of human monocyte chemiluminescence by iron-saturated lactoferrin☆

The effect of Fe3+ bound lactoferrin (LF) on chemiluminescence (CL) generation in human monocytes in the presence and absence of opsonized zymosan was examined. Fe3+ bound LF (10−6 or 10−7 M) augmented the CL response in the presence but not the absence of zymosan. In contrast, Apo LF, Fe3+ bound transferrin and Fe3+ itself had no significant effect. It appears that the effect of LF on zymosan-induced chemiluminescence is dependent on iron and is receptor specific. The augmentation of CL by LF was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ETYA (fatty acid cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors), but not indomethacin (fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitor). Thus the enhancement of CL by LF depends on superoxide anion production and is related to the lipoxygenase pathway. The significance of this observation in terms of microbicidal or tumoricidal mechanisms remains to be determined.
Temperature programmed desorption investigations of hydrogen and ammonia reactions on GaN

Abstract We report data for chemisorption and reaction of deuterium and isotopically labeled ammonia on single-crystalline GaN films grown on sapphire substrates. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) studies, following exposure of the clean GaN film at room temperature to the probe reactant species, were conducted under UHV conditions. Deuterium desorption took place over a wide temperature range, 525–;800 K, with molecular deuterium as the only product. At low exposures, two distinct deuterium desorption peaks at ∼ 660 and 770 K were observed. The deuterium desorption peak at 660 K shifted to lower temperatures with increasing D adatom coverages. TPD experiments after ammonia adsorption on GaN revealed small amounts of hydrogen desorbed at ∼ 600 K and over a range 660–;770 K, suggesting partial decomposition of ammonia. Molecular ammonia desorption was observed at ∼ 560 and 600 K, with the low temperature desorption state growing with increasing ammonia exposures. Further studies on deuterium-precovered GaN films indicated that ammonia production resulted from recombination of NH x species and hydrogen adatoms on the surface.
Detection and Evaluation of Novel Herpesviruses in Routine and Pathological Samples from Asian and African Elephants: Identification of Two New Probosciviruses (EEHV5 and EEHV6) and Two New Gammaherpesviruses (EGHV3B and EGHV5)

Systemic infections with elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHV) cause a rapid onset acute hemorrhagic disease with an 85% mortality rate. More than 60 cases have been confirmed worldwide occurring predominantly in juvenile Asian elephants. Originally, three virus types EEHV1A, EEHV1B and EEHV2 were identified, all members of the Proboscivirus genus within the Betaherpesvirinae. However, four elephant gammaherpesviruses (EGHV) have also been found by DNA PCR approaches in eye and genital secretions of asymptomatic animals, and two more versions of the probosciviruses, EEHV3 and EEHV4, were recently detected in acute hemorrhagic disease cases. To ask whether even more species of elephant herpesviruses may exist, we have developed several new diagnostic DNA PCR assays using multiple round primers in the DNA POL region. These have been used routinely for nearly three years to screen samples submitted to the Elephant Herpesvirus Laboratory for diagnosis of possible cases of EEHV disease in blood and necropsy tissue, as well as in biopsies of other suspicious lesions or growths. Several more cases of EEHV1-associated hemorrhagic disease were confirmed, but in addition, we describe here eleven examples of other known and novel herpesviruses detected and evaluated with these reagents. They include the prototypes of four new elephant herpesviruses, two more within the proboscivirus group EEHV5 and EEHV6, plus two more gammaherpesviruses EGHV3B and EGHV5. We also report initial semi-quantitative PCR assays demonstrating very high viral loads in the blood of the EEHV3 and EEHV4-associated hemorrhagic disease cases.
Disclinations in silver dendrites, grown on amorphous substrates☆

Abstract Silver dendrites, which have been grown on a wide variety of electrodes, exhibit defects corresponding to disclinations.
A continuous real-time expert system for computer operations

The Yorktown Expert System/MVS Manager (or YES/MVS for short) is a continuous real-time expert system that exerts active control over a computing system and provides advice to computer operators. YES/MVS provides advice on routine operations and detects, diagnoses, and responds to problems in the computer operator's domain. This paper discusses the YES/MVS system, its domain of application, and issues that arise in the design and development of an expert system that runs continuously in real time.
Shock wave interactions in spherical and perturbed spherical geometries

The interaction of shock waves with spherical and perturbed spherical layers provides an interesting and important class of problems. We present recent results for these and related planar geometry problems. We address the following issues: 1. The accuracy of different numerical solution methods. 2. The magnitude of numerical solution errors and their causes. 3. The development of the instabilities. 4. Reduced descriptions for chaotic flows.
2014–15 Report of the Academy Presidents: Enabling, empowering, and inspiring APhA members to drive change

The Academy has a member-driven structure in which members can be engaged, interact, lead, and actively participate in activities of their Association and the profession. The Academy is focused on both what members want to get out of their Association (continuing pharmacy education, networking, advocacy) and what members want to give back to their profession (leadership, mentoring, input). The work of the membership is vital across the Academy, including SIGs and standing committees, all of which contributed during this past year to transforming the role of the pharmacist and advocating for our place on the health care team.
Isolation of a highly enriched sarcolemma membrane fraction from canine heart

Abstract A highly enriched sarcolemma preparation was isolated by differential centrifugation of a canine ventricular homogenate followed by centrifugation of a membrane fraction layered over 22% (w/v) sucrose. Ouabain binding, ouabain-sensitive potassium phosphatase activity and 5′-nucleotidase activity were enriched 19–27 fold over the homogenate whereas Ca 2+ -ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were 0.75 and 0.36, respectively, of that for the homogenate. The isolation procedure was relatively rapid and yielded about 2.0 mg protein/100 g of ventricular muscle. The highest salt concentration used in the procedure was 0.6 M KCl and no detergents were employed. Initial characterization studies suggested that the sarcolemma-enriched fraction consists predominantly if not totally of freely permeable membrane vesicles and that the sarcolemma does not manifest a Ca 2+ -ATPase activity, at least within the limits of the assay procedures employed. This preparation was concluded to be about 1.5- to 4-fold more highly enriched with sarcolemmal markers than preparations obtained by previously published procedures. Accordingly, the preparation provides an improved basis for the probe of calcium movements that occur across the sarcolemma in association with the excitation-contraction-relaxation sequence of the mammalian myocardial cell.
Gradient elution in micellar liquid chromatography I. Micelle concentration gradient

Gradient elution in micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is discussed. On the basis of the gradient elution theory, first developed by Snyder, equations were derived for the prediction of gradient retention times in micelle concentration gradient from isocratic data. Likewise, partition coefficients into micelles and stationary phase, and subsequently isocratic retention at different micelle concentrations can be estimated from two gradient runs. However, more studies need to be done to achieve better agreement between isocratic and gradient data. The equations will be useful for efficient development of practical separations by MLC.
The deceitful heart

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Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity studies of supported Mo2C with phosphorus additive

Abstract The effect of phosphorus on Mo 2 C supported on γ-Al 2 O 3 and activated carbon was studied. The catalysts were characterized by CO chemisorption, BET surface area measurements, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure, and tested for their reactivity for hydroprocessing reactions, particularly hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), using model liquid compounds. The P-containing catalysts had higher reactivity for HDN than those without P. HDS was higher when the Mo 2 C was synthesized on γ-Al 2 O 3 previously treated with P than when the Mo component and P were added together on γ-Al 2 O 3 . Postreaction characterization indicates that the catalysts were tolerant of sulfur.
Kinematic role of transverse structures in continental extension: An example from the Las Vegas Valley shear zone, Nevada

Analysis of the "slip budget" of the Las Vegas Valley shear zone, southern Nevada, leads to a model that explains many of the kinematic complexities that characterize transverse structures in continental extensional settings, including (1) abrupt terminations of these structures along strike, (2) large lateral translations across relatively short faults, (3) apparent lack of strike-slip offset or contradictory evidence of shear sense along some transverse structures, (4) significant variation in slip magnitude along strike, and (5) juxtaposition of differentially extended terranes on opposite sides of faults. Many major transverse structures may function largely as transfer faults that either link or form passive boundaries between differentially extended terranes.
Doppler-tuned beam-foil X-ray spectrometer

Abstract A new type of X-ray spectrometer for use with fast foil-excited beams has been devised and tested. The spectrometer operates by matching the Doppler-shifted emission from the beam with a known absorption feature (such as a K-edge) in a thin filter between the source and the detector. Tuning is accomplished by varying the angle between the detector and the beam. Knowledge of the angle, beam velocity and the filter absorption profile is sufficient to determine the emission spectrum of the beam source. Resolving powers of 10 3 to 10 5 are expected. A prototype device has been constructed and tested at the Berkeley HILAC. In initial experiments, the energy of the 2 1 P 1 −1 1 S 0 transition of heliumlike argon (Ar XVI) was measured by bringing the emission from the 412 MeV Ar beam into coincidence with the L III absorption edge of Ag near 3.36 keV. The principle of this spectrometer can be extended to other spectral ranges, and it should be useful for both survey and high-precision measurements
A parallel and reconfigurable architecture for efficient OMP compressive sensing reconstruction

Compressive Sensing (CS) is a novel scheme, in which a signal that is sparse in a known transform domain can be reconstructed using fewer samples. However, the signal reconstruction techniques are computationally intensive and power consuming, which make them impractical for embedded applications. This work presents a parallel and reconfigurable architecture for Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm, one of the most popular CS reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, we are proposing the first reconfigurable OMP CS reconstruction architecture which can take different image sizes with sparsity up to 32. The aim is to minimize the hardware complexity, area and power consumption, and improve the reconstruction latency while meeting the reconstruction accuracy. First, the accuracy of reconstructed images is analyzed for different sparsity values and fixed point word length reduction. Next, efficient parallelization techniques are applied to reconstruct signals with variant signal lengths of N. The OMP algorithm is mainly divided into three kernels, where each kernel is parallelized to reduce execution time, and efficient reuse of the matrix operators allows us to reduce area. The proposed architecture can reconstruct images of different sizes and measurements and is implemented on a Xilinx Virtex 7 FPGA. The results indicate that, for a 128x128 image reconstruction, the proposed reconfigurable architecture is 2.67x to 1.8x faster than the previous non-reconfigurable work which is less complex and uses much smaller sparsity.
Isolation of the nuclear compressibility with the balance energy

Previous theoretical studies of the disappearance of directed transverse flow showed a dual dependence on the equation of state (EOS) and the in-medium cross section $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{nn}})$ for light systems. Also, the balance energy was shown to increase as a function of the impact parameter. However, Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) model calculations show that the dependence on ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{nn}}$ weakens for heavy systems such as Au+Au, and data presented here show that the impact parameter dependence nearly vanishes for Au+Au. Therefore, the EOS parameter K can be isolated using the balance energy, and BUU calculations show good agreement for a soft EOS. The reduction in ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{nn}}$ is then investigated using the experimental mass dependence of the balance energy.
Characterization of the interaction between anthrax toxin and its cellular receptors

Mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2), one of the two closely related proteins that act as anthrax toxin receptors, cause two rare human autosomal recessive conditions, juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) and infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH). Here we demonstrate that CMG2 proteins with certain JHF- and ISH-associated single amino acid substitutions in their von Willebrand factor A domain or transmembrane region do not function as anthrax toxin receptors. However, an ISH-associated CMG2 variant having a truncated cytosolic domain does still function as an anthrax receptor, and in fact makes cells hyper-sensitive to toxin, distinguishing the roles of CMG2 in physiology and anthrax pathology. Site-specific mutagenesis was used to characterize the role that domain 2 of the anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) plays in interaction with CMG2, focusing on the interaction between the PA 2beta(3)-2beta(4) loop and a pocket (Glu-122 pocket) adjacent to the metal ion-dependent adhesion site in CMG2. Substitutions that disrupted the salt bridge between PA Arg-344 and CMG2 Glu-122 decreased the affinity of PA to CMG2 three- to fourfold. Furthermore, mutation of CMG2 Tyr-119 (within the Glu-122 pocket) to His lowered the pH threshold for PA prepore-to-pore conversion in the endocytic pathway.
Whence Durkheim's Nietzschean grandchildren? A closer look at Robert Hertz's place in the Durkheimian genealogy

Recent interptetive work suggests ways of historically situating French post-structuralism as a mingling of Nietzschean philosophy with elements of Durkheimian sociology. This article aims to demonstrate the presence of Nietzschean themes in the life-work of the Durkheimian Robert Hertz and to recognize him as a key figure in the history of this intellectual confluence. An examination of published and private sources reveals Hertz as a prototype of the Nietzschean/Durkheimian intellectuel pathitique of the inter-war period in France.