cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discriminative‐Stimulus Effects of Triazolam in Light and Moderate Drinkers

Background: The results of previous laboratory experiments with humans suggest that light and moderate drinkers respond differentially to the effects of benzodiazepines. The aim of this study was to further assess the behavioral effects of a benzodiazepine in light and moderate drinkers. Methods: To accomplish this aim, 12 volunteers (6 light drinkers and 6 moderate drinkers) learned to discriminate 0.375 mg of triazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine hypnotic. After they learned this discrimination, a test-of-novel-doses phase was conducted in which a range of doses of triazolam (0, 0.06, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.375 mg) was tested in both groups of volunteers. The subject-rated and performance-impairing effects of triazolam were assessed concurrently. Results: There was not a significant difference between the groups in terms of the number of trials needed to learn the discrimination, nor did the proportion of light and moderate drinkers who learned to accurately discriminate 0.375 mg of triazolam differ significantly. The discriminative-stimulus, subject-rated, and performance-impairing effects of triazolam were an orderly function of dose but did not differ across the light and moderate drinkers. Conclusions: Future studies should examine the discriminative-stimulus effects of a lower dose of triazolam (e.g., 0.25 mg) in light and moderate drinks or use a fading procedure to determine differences in terms of the lowest discriminable dose.
Bilateral tachistoscopic perception, handedness, and laterality☆

Abstract Right-handed, familial left-handed, and nonfamilial left-handed males and females reported high- or low-imagery words which were located to the left and right of fixation in bilateral tachistoscopic displays. On each trial, an arrowhead appeared in the center of the display. The arrowhead pointed to either the left or the right half-field, indicating the order of report. Right-handers reported more accurately from the right half-field, and familial left-handers reported more accurately from the left half-field. The order of report results showed that right-handers were similar to nonfamilial left-handers; for left half-field presentation, both groups were more accurate when the arrowhead pointed to the left than when it pointed to the right (i.e., first report was more accurate than second report). There was a main effect of word imagery, but this factor did not interact with visual half-field. Thus, there was no evidence that representations of high-imagery words are lateralized differently than representations of low-imagery words. The results are discussed with respect to lateralization of memory for verbal material.
The effect of recurrent involuntary job loss on the depressive symptoms of older US workers

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess whether recurrent involuntary job loss among US workers nearing retirement resulted in increasingly less severe changes in depressive symptoms with successive job losses. Methods: With data drawn from the US Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), we used repeated measures longitudinal analysis to investigate the effect of recurrent job loss on follow-up depressive symptoms, measured up to 2 years following job loss. Study participants include 617 individuals, aged 51–61 years at the 1992 study baseline, who had at least one job loss between 1990 and 2000. Our primary outcome variable was a continuous measure of depressive symptoms, constructed from the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) battery administered at every HRS wave. A second, dichotomous outcome, derived from the continuous measure, measured clinically relevant depressive symptoms. The exposure (recurrent job loss) was defined by binary dummy variables representing two and three/four job losses. All job losses were the result of either plant closing or layoff. Results: Our main finding indicates that, after relevant covariates are controlled, compared to one job loss, two job losses result in a modest increase in the level depressive symptoms (not significant) at two-year follow-up. Three or more job losses result, on average, in a decline in depressive symptoms to a level near pre-displacement assessment (not significant). Somewhat in contrast, two job losses were found to be associated with increased risk of clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The principal finding confirms our hypothesis that, among US workers nearing retirement, repeated exposure to job separation results in diminished effects on mental health. Adaptation to the job loss stressor may underlie the observed response, although other explanations, including macroeconomic developments, are possible.
A Partially Linear Model with Its Applications

The nonparametric component in a partially linear model is approximated via cubic B-splines with a second-order difference penalty on the adjacent B-spline coefficients to avoid undersmoothing. A Wald-type spline-based test statistic is constructed for the null hypothesis of no effect of a continuous covariate. When the number of knots is fixed, the limiting null distribution of the test statistic is the distribution of a linear combination of independent chi-squared random variables, each with one degree of freedom. A real-life dataset is provided to illustrate the practical use of the test statistic.
The Driving Forces behind China's Naval Modernization

The rapid development of Chinese naval forces over the last decade has provoked much debate over where this modernization is headed. Observing the decennial evolution of Chinese naval forces, this article questions assumptions that China's naval modernization can be mainly explained by the enduring salience of the Taiwan question or by a “Mahanian” impulse. In the last ten years, China has prioritized the development of its submarine fleet and its sea-denial capacity, a choice that can be explained essentially by Beijing's position in the East Asian regional system and the disquieting presence of an adversarial global power.
The Theory of the Firm, the Theory of Competition and the Transnational Corporation:

Abstract Coase's 1937 paper on 'The Nature of the Firm' formed the basis of the transaction-cost and internalization theories of transnational enterprises in the 1970s through 1990s. These emphasized the problem of firms transferring intangible assets across national borders. Newer theories of the firm adopt resource-based Penrosian, knowledge-based, capabilities and evolutionary perspectives, yet most continue to explain the international firm as a function of transaction-cost economizing. It is argued that Coase's intention was to present a theory of the firm abstracted from its competitive environment. The application of this approach to a theory of the transnational corporation (TNC) is flawed because it cannot explain the TNC without reference to competitive conditions. This leaves us with incomplete theories of multinational firms, because they address transaction-cost problems and solutions to the exclusion of many other competitive considerations that must influence the transnational step in the f...
A survey of critical research areas in the energy segment of restructured electric power markets

Availability of a large volume of recent literature on deregulated (a.k.a. restructured) electricity markets underscores the importance of the research needs to ensure proper design and functioning of the markets. Researchers have made significant contributions fueling the evolution of the fundamental market design changes that have taken place since the beginning of the restructuring process. Due to the vast scope, existing survey papers are focused on particular facets of deregulated electricity markets. We adopt a similar approach by focusing on the most important research areas related to the energy market. The contributions of the survey paper lie in the novel approach used in classifying the literature based on critical research areas. Some areas of research such as auction based pricing, bidding strategy formulation, market equilibria, and market power are reviewed in a different light than other existing survey papers. We conclude by providing some future research directions for the energy markets.
Tax Reform and Organizational Forms for Holding Investment Real Estate: Corporation vs. Partnership

Following the ERTA of 1981, partnership ownership of real estate dominated corporate ownership. This study concludes that the Tax Reform Act of 1986 provides incentive for holding real estate investments that produce sizable tax losses and/or that are eligible for large tax credits in corporate rather than partnership form. Perpetuity cash flow models are employed initially to identify key tax and cash flow variables favorable to each organizational form. The perpetuity assumption is then relaxed to consider a more representative real estate investment. A sensitivity analysis examines the extent to which the base case results are dependent on the assumed values of selected model parameters.
High-resolution optical coherence tomography over a large depth range with an axicon lens.

In optical coherence tomography, axial and lateral resolutions are determined by the source coherence length and the numerical aperture of the sampling lens, respectively. Whereas axial resolution can be improved by use of a broadband light source, there is a trade-off between lateral resolution and focusing depth when conventional optical elements are used. We report on the incorporation of an axicon lens into the sample arm of an interferometer to overcome this limitation. Using an axicon lens with a top angle of 160 degrees , we maintained 10-microm or better lateral resolution over a focusing depth of at least 6 mm. In addition to having high lateral resolution, the focusing spot has an intensity that is approximately constant over a greater depth range than when a conventional lens is used.
The Systemic Insecticidal Properties of Certain Carbamates

Nine carbonates have been investigated as systemic insecticides using the salt-marsh caterpillar ( Estigmene acrea (Drury)) and lima bean plants as the test system. Certain of the compounds have proved to be relatively efficient systemic insecticides when applied to the roots under the experimental conditions; others were quite ineffective. On the other hand, with the test system used, no evidence of systemic action has been observed in the young leaves following treatments made to the older leaves. This subject needs further investigation with higher dosages of the insecticides. Even compounds of very low solubility were effective systemically when applied to the roots. Some of the compounds showed marked phytotoxicity, but others have shown no phytotoxicity at insecticidally effective concentrations. When the behavior of one compound, m -isopropyl phenyl N -methyl carbamate was investigated, it was found that it accumulated at higher concentrations in the leaves than in the rest of the plant. It was not selectively absorbed or rejected by the roots. Decomposition in the leaves was comparatively rapid.
Lymphocytosis response in mice and its relation to thymus and adrenal.

Summary(1) Mice of certain inbred strains (C57Bl, Rf, and LAF1), when bled daily from tail veins, developed a prompt and persistent lymphocytosis. (2) High leukemia strains AkR and C58 did not show this response. (3) Thymectomy prevented this response but lymphocytosis was produced in thymectomized mice by injection of cell-free thymus extracts. Lymph node and spleen extracts were ineffective. (4) Adrenalectomy did not affect the lymphocytosis response.
Conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimate and Exact Test of the Common Relative Difference in Combination of 2 × 2 Tables under Inverse Sampling

On the basis of the conditional distribution, given the marginal totals of non-cases fixed for each of independent 2 × 2 tables under inverse sampling, this paper develops the conditional maximum likelihood (CMLE) estimator of the underlying common relative difference (RD) and its asymptotic conditional variance. This paper further provides for the RD an exact interval calculation procedure, of which the coverage probability is always larger than or equal to the desired confidence level and for investigating whether the underlying common RD equals any specified value an exact test procedure, of which Type I error is always less than or equal to the nominal α-level. These exact interval estimation and exact hypothesis testing procedures are especially useful for the situation in which the number of index subjects in a study is small and the asymptotically approximate methods may not be appropriate for use. This paper also notes the condition under which the CMLE of RD uniquely exists and includes a simple example to illustrate use of these techniques.
Modulation of Cav1 and Cav2.2 channels induced by nitric oxide via cGMP-dependent protein kinase

The unconventional gaseous transmitter nitric oxide (NO) markedly influences most of mechanisms involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In excitable cells, Ca2+ signaling mainly depends on the activity of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). In the present paper, we will review data from our laboratory and others characterizing NO-induced modulation of Ca(v)1 (L-type) and Ca(v)2.2 (N-type) channels. In particular, we will explore experimental evidence indicating that NO's inhibition of channel gating is produced via cGMP-dependent protein kinase and examine some of the numerous cell functions that are potentially influenced by the action of NO on Ca2+ channels.
Synthesis of α,β-DI[3H]–2–fluoro–L–histidine

The potent antimetabolite, 2-fluoro-L-histidine, has been synthesized from 2-fluoroimidazole with nonexchangeable 3H labeling in the side chain. 2-Fluoro-4-iodoimidazole was N-tritylated, was subjected to metal-halogen exchange with n-butyllithium, and the carbanion formylated with DMF. The imidazole-4-aldehyde was condensed with hippuric acid, the azlactone was solvolyzed with methanol, and the trityl group was removed by selective reduction with PtS2. The resultinq 2-fluoro-α-benzamidoacrylic ester was reduced with tritium gas and the blocking groups were removed successively with base and with acylase I to produce the L-enantiomer of the free amino acid analogue.
The gas-phase catalytic formation of H2 by cations

Abstract We study the catalytic formation of H2 by CH 3 + using high levels of theory. The first step involves the addition of an H atom to form CH 4 + . The second H addition reaction yields CH 5 + , which has the form CH 3 + – H 2 . Both of these reactions are exothermic and have no reaction barriers. The final step is the loss of H2, which has no barrier in excess of the reaction energy. Because the reaction of CH 4 + – H is significantly more exothermic than the loss of H2 from CH 5 + is endothermic, the loss of H2 will not be a bottleneck to the catalytic formation of H2.
A Note on the Effect of Different Types of Agar on the Recovery of Heated Escherichia coli K‐12

1 Escherichia coli K-12 plated immediately after heat treatment yielded higher plate counts on a minimal medium solidified with Agar Purified (Difco) than on the same medium containing Bacto-Agar (Difco). 2 It was concluded that the heat resistance of bacteria can be evaluated only with the use of agar media that are known to be non-inhibitory to the test organisms after heat treatment.
NGC experience on ferroresonance in power transformers and voltage transformers on HV transmission systems

Ferroresonance or nonlinear resonance can occur on circuits with power transformers connected to overhead lines and also where wound type electromagnetic voltage transformers are connected to isolated sections of busbars. Energy is coupled via the inter-circuit capacitance of the parallel lines or open circuit breaker grading capacitance to sustain the resonance. In the case of ferroresonance the relationship between voltage and current is dependent not only on frequency but also on a number of other factors such as excitation voltage magnitude and initial conditions such as the transformer magnetic flux and point on wave of the initiating switching incident. It is characterised by a sudden jump of voltage or current from one stable state to another. Ferroresonance can occur at 50 Hz fundamental frequency or sub-harmonics frequencies at 33 1/3 Hz, 16 2/3 Hz and 10 Hz. The author discusses the nature of the phenomenon in power transformers and wound voltage transformers, and then discusses the measures to predict, prevent and/or quench ferroresonance. (3 pages)
Improved conductive atomic force microscopy measurements on organic photovoltaic materials via mitigation of contact area uncertainty

Physical processes that lead to conversion of light into electrical energy inside photovoltaic devices happen at the nanoscale. Therefore, understanding of electrical properties of photovoltaic materials at this length scale is of paramount importance for improvement of device performance. In this paper, we describe and validate a new framework for high-resolution quantitative measurements of electrical and mechanical properties of compliant materials with sub-100-nm resolution. Previous approaches have generally suffered from uncertainty in the quantitative level of contact between the probe and the material being measured; the methodology presented here overcomes this obstacle. We use the broadly studied ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PC61BM system as an example to illustrate variability of chemical composition and electrical properties of the active layer at hundred-nanometers and micrometer length scales. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformal radiation treatment of prostate cancer using inversely-planned intensity-modulated photon beams produced with dynamic multileaf collimation.

Purpose : To implement radiotherapy with intensity-modulated beams, based on the inverse method of treatment design and using a multileaf collimation system operating in the dynamic mode. Methods and Materials : An algorithm, based on the inverse technique, has been integrated into the radiotherapy treatment-planning computer system in our Center. This method of computer-assisted treatment design was used to derive intensity-modulated beams to optimize the boost portion of the treatment plan for a patient with a T1c cancer of the prostate. A dose of 72 Gy (in 40 fractions) was given with a six-field plan, and an additional 9 Gy (in five fractions) with six intensity-modulated beams. The intensity-modulated fields were delivered using dynamic multileaf collimation 1 , that is, individual leaves were in motion during radiation delivery, with the treatment machine operating in the clinical mode. Exhaustive quality assurance measurement and monitoring were carried out to ensure safe and accurate implementation. Results : Dose distribution and dose-volume histogram of the inverse method boost plan and of the composite (72 Gy primary + 9 Gy boost) plan were judged clinically acceptable. Compared to a manually designed boost plan, the inverse treatment design gave improved conformality and increased dose homogeneity in the planning target volume. Film and ion chamber dosimetry, performed prior to the first treatment, indicated that each of the six intensity-modulated fields was accurately produced. Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements performed on the patient confirmed that the intended dose was delivered in the treatment. In addition, computer-aided treatment-monitoring programs assured that the multileaf collimator (MLC) position file was executed to the specified precision. In terms of the overall radiation treatment process, there will likely be labor savings in the planning and the treatment phases. Conclusions : We have placed into clinical use an integrated system of conformal radiation treatment that incorporated the inverse method of treatment design and the use of dynamic multileaf collimation to deliver intensity-modulated beams. The system can provide better treatment design, which can be implemented reliably and safely. We are hopeful that improved treatment efficacy will result.
First Report of Fusarium oxysporum on Purple Coneflower.

The narrow-leaf purple coneflower Echinacea angustifolia DC. is a perennial composite native to the central Great Plains. Because of its potential ornamental and pharmacological value, Echinacea is...
Should the Retention trial of the Test of Memory Malingering be optional

The present study examined the false negative error rate associated with the optional use of the Retention trial the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). TOMM scores from 150 traumatic brain injury and 150 chronic pain patients were examined. Results indicated that early termination of the TOMM resulted in 3% of patients going undetected by the TOMM. The practical cost of this error was minimized by the inclusion of at least one other SVT. Clinical implications are discussed.
Biomedical Event Extraction from Abstracts and Full Papers using Search-based Structured Prediction

In this paper we describe our approach to the BioNLP 2011 shared task on biomedical event extraction from abstracts and full papers. We employ a joint inference system developed using the search-based structured prediction framework and show that it improves on a pipeline using the same features and it is better able to handle the domain shift from abstracts to full papers. In addition, we report on experiments using a simple domain adaptation method.
Solder interconnections for SMT selective line coupling

Prior to the solder interconnect technology (SIT), the mode of operation for single-in-line memory module (SIMM) build was to design one printed-circuit card for each assembly build. Solder interconnection is designed to reduce the number of printed-circuit card designs. They are beneficial to applications requiring multiplex signal lines and are produced by unique solder-mask designs and personalized by use of surface-mount-technology (SMT) process. The masks are designed in conjunction with solder interconnects on card surfaces and, with assigned apertures, allow solder to be applied on selected connections. While solder interconnect allows flexibility, its design is critical in order to ensure high reliability, manufacturability, and proper electrical parameters. Hardware has been qualified, manufactured, and tested for these attributes in an SMT process. >
Renal Cell Carcinoma in Children: The Detroit Experience

AbstractPurpose: We analyzed the presentation, treatment and survival of 6 children with renal cell carcinoma.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the pathological and hospital records of 6 children diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma at Children's Hospital of Michigan (5) and Henry Ford Hospital (1) from 1980 to 1995.Results: The most common presenting complaints were flank pain (50 percent) and a palpable abdominal mass (50 percent), while gross hematuria was present in only 1 patient (16 percent). No patient had the classic triad of flank pain, hematuria and a palpable mass. Only 1 patient had localized disease (stage II), while 5 of the 6 presented with stage III or IV disease. While followup is limited, all patients with stage III disease are without evidence of recurrence at a mean 38.5 months and 1 of 2 with stage IV disease is without evidence of disease at 22 months.Conclusions: Although renal cell carcinoma in childhood often presents at an advanced stage, the prognosis for those w...
Sensation-Seeking as a Moderator of the Effects of Peer Influences, Consistency with Personal Aspirations, and Perceived Harm on Marijuana and Cigarette Use Among Younger Adolescents

Concurrent effects of peer influence and protective cognitive variables on marijuana and cigarette use are hypothesized to be contingent on adolescent sensation-seeking. The hypothesis was tested in 1999-2000 using a survey given to eighth graders (N=3127) in 20 U.S. middle schools. Results largely supported the hypothesis that peer pressure and perceived peer marijuana use had only a relatively trivial effect on low sensation-seekers and a much greater effect on high sensation-seekers. In addition, aspirations inconsistent with marijuana use appeared protective for high sensation-seekers.
Design and implementation of a self-calibrating floating-point analog-to-digital converter

Floating point analog-to-digital converters (FP-ADC) are characterized by a high relative precision, but, in some applications, their absolute precision had to be traded off for speed. This paper presents the architecture, design and implementation of a self-calibrating differential predictive floating point analog-to-digital converter which is characterized by high conversion rates while its precision is kept at high values by additional hardware that periodically performs calibration cycles. Experimental measurements were carried out to test this FP-ADC and the acquired results are presented, as well.
Analysis of Coupled Oscillator Array Including Effects of Amplitude Dynamics

This paper investigates the effects of amplitude dynamics on the operation of coupled oscillator arrays. The free running frequencies for achieving constant phase progression and arbitrary amplitude distribution are developed. A code structure that implements the system dynamics is suggested. Numerical results show that amplitude dynamics have significant effects on main beam errors and the side lobe levels if non-uniform amplitude distribution is employed.
Manual Computations - A Tool for Reinforcing Concepts and Techniques

Abstract One of the issues in statistics education today involves the extent to which manual computations should be incorporated into the elementary statistics curriculum. Students should be required to work with data and carry out some manual computations because such activities speed and enhance the learning process, reinforce the concepts and techniques introduced, provide an environment of constructive participation and personal discovery, and improve quantitative skills. A discussion of student populations, of the nature of hand computations, and of different types of data and their role in the learning process is given.
Glass-ceramic sealants for solid oxide fuel cells: Part I. Physical properties

A family of sealant materials has been developed for use in the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and in other applications in the temperature range of 800–1000 °C. These materials are based on glasses and glass-ceramics in the SrO–La2O3–Al2O3–B2O3–SiO2 system. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) for these materials are in the range of 8–13 × 10−6/°C, a good match with those of the SOFC components. These sealant materials bond well with the ceramics of the SOFC and, more importantly, form bonds that can be thermally cycled without failure. At the fuel cell operating temperature, the sealants have viscosities in the range of 104–106 Pa-s, which allow them to tolerate a CTE mismatch of about 20% among the bonded substrates. The gas tightness of a sample seal was demonstrated in a simple zirconia-based oxygen concentration cell.
A Structure-Sharing Representation for Unification-Based Grammar Formalisms

This paper describes a structure-sharing method for the representation of complex phrase types in a parser for PATR-II, a unification-based grammar formalism.In parsers for unification-based grammar formalisms, complex phrase types are derived by incremental refinement of the phrase types defined in grammar rules and lexical entries. In a naive implementation, a new phrase type is built by copying older ones and then combining the copies according to the constraints stated in a grammar rule. The structure-sharing method was designed to eliminate most such copying; indeed, practical tests suggest that the use of this technique reduces parsing time by as much as 60%.The present work is inspired by the structure-sharing method for theorem proving introduced by Boyer and Moore and on the variant of it that is used in some Prolog implementations.
Neural Mechanisms in Dyslexia

Within the last two decades, evidence from many laboratories has converged to indicate the cognitive basis for dyslexia: Dyslexia is a disorder within the language system and, more specifically, within a particular subcomponent of that system, phonological processing. Converging evidence from a number of laboratories using functional brain imaging indicates that there is a disruption of left-hemisphere posterior neural systems in child and adult dyslexic readers when they perform reading tasks. The discovery of a disruption in the neural systems serving reading has significant implications for the acceptance of dyslexia as a valid disorder—a necessary condition for its identification and treatment. Brain-imaging findings provide, for the first time, convincing, irrefutable evidence that what has been considered a hidden disability is “real,” and these findings have practical implications for the provision of accommodations, a critical component of management for older children and young adults attending p...
The Interaction of Radio-Frequency Fields With Dielectric Materials at Macroscopic to Mesoscopic Scales

The goal of this paper is to overview radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic interactions with solid and liquid materials from the macroscale to the nanoscale. The overview is geared toward the general researcher. Because this area of research is vast, this paper concentrates on currently active research areas in the megahertz (MHz) through gigahertz (GHz) frequencies, and concentrates on dielectric response. The paper studies interaction mechanisms both from phenomenological and fundamental viewpoints. Relaxation, resonance, interface phenomena, plasmons, the concepts of permittivity and permeability, and relaxation times are summarized. Topics of current research interest, such as negative-index behavior, noise, plasmonic behavior, RF heating, nanoscale materials, wave cloaking, polaritonic surface waves, biomaterials, and other topics are overviewed. Relaxation, resonance, and related relaxation times are overviewed. The wavelength and material length scales required to define permittivity in materials is discussed.
Plasma lipids in the early puerperium.

Abstract Plasma lipids for nonpregnant and puerperal patients were resolved on silicic acid columns into triglyceride, phospholipid, and cholesterol ester fractions, and the esterified fatty acids in these fractions determined. Results showed that, with the exception of esterified cholesterol, puerperal values for the carboxyl esters increased during the 24 hours following delivery. In addition, a decrease was observed in these lipid components from the first through the fifth postpartum day which was primarily due to the triglycerides, though phospholipid and esterified cholesterol showed a slight drop. Impaired carbohydrate metabolism and its possible relation to insulin resistance was suggested as a factor explaining the hyperlipidemia of pregnancy and its decrease in the early puerperium.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Diagnose Early and Treat to Target

New treatments have multiplied in the last three decades that improve rheumatologists’ capabilities for altering and even controlling RA. More recently, we have recognized that new approaches to providing these discoveries will also be required if RA patients are to realize their benefits, including: Early diagnosis and early treatment, Sensitive and practical RA disease activity measurements to direct treatment, Accelerating treatment until inflammation in the joints and other tissues is controlled, known in our field as “Treating to Target”, and Providing personalized patient care, because RA is variable from one patient to another. Not only do responses to treatment and side effects vary, but patients differ in their preferences and priorities for disease management.
Clinical applications of PET/MRI for evaluation of cardiovascular disease

1259 Learning Objectives 1. To review diagnostic performance of PET/MRI for diagnosis, staging, prognostication, and response assessment of cardiovascular disease. 2. To discuss new and evolving horizons related to PET/MRI and their potential in the management of cardiovascular disease. By clinical introduction of PET/MRI, new opportunities are available to evaluate cardiovascular diseases. Combination of PET and MRI has made it possible to take advantage of both modalities with superior diagnostic and lesion detection due to improvement in soft tissue contrast resolution, multi-planar image capability and functional imaging of MRI. Overall, PET/MRI can offer multi-parametric structural, functional, and molecular assessment of myocardial function and viability, atherosclerosis, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, vasculitis, and other cardiovascular pathologies. Diversity of MRI pulse sequences and multiple available PET radiotracers make PET/MRI a useful tool for assessment of cardiovascular structure and function. In this review, we discuss these topics: 1. Advantages of PET/MRI relative to PET/CT for evaluation of cardiovascular diseases a. Improved assessment of myocardial tissue composition, thickness, motion, and perfusion b. Improved assessment of vascular structure and flow c. Decreased radiation dose 2. Clinical applications of PET/MRI for evaluation of patients with cardiovascular disease a. Cardiac and pericardiac tumors b. Cardiomyopathy c. Myocarditis d. Atherosclerosis e. Vasculitis f. Assessment of effects of cellular and gene therapies
Towards utilization of neurofuzzy systems for taxonomic identification using psittacines as a case study

Demonstration of the neurofuzzy application to the task of psittacine (parrot) taxonomic identification is presented in this paper. In this work, NEFCLASS-J neurofuzzy system is utilized for classification of parrot data for 141 and 183 groupings, using 68 feature points or qualities. The reported results display classification accuracies of above 95%, which is strongly tied to the setting of certain parameters of the neurofuzzy system. Rule base sizes were in the range of 1,750 to 1,950 rules.
Basic Probability Theory and Random Numbers

This chapter includes the concepts and principles of probability theory necessary to represent the behavior of stochastic systems. The basic principles of probability theory are presented and random variables are discussed. Then the concepts related to stochastic processes are introduced. The next part of the chapter deals with random numbers. Only the relevant concepts of random number usage are explained, which are necessary for the construction of simulation models. The purpose for introducing these concepts is to help understand the construction of simulation models with the appropriate random number generators using the right probability distributions. In the next part of the chapter, Markov models are discussed. In the last part of the chapter, summary statistics of the collected data are briefly discussed. The importance of further statistical analysis is emphasized.
Tunable Narrowband Photonic Filters with Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

We discuss designs of photonic systems, based on high quality factor optical whispering gallery mode resonators fabricated with crystalline electro-optically active materials, for detection of weak narrowband signals buried in noisy background.
Premating Isolation in a Simulation Model Generates Frequency-Dependent Selection and Alters Establishment Rates of Resistant Natural Enemies

In a stochastic simulation model, rates of establishment of new strains of arthropod natural enemies were examined under different assumptions for the following four factors: (1) mating biases, (2) diploid state (dipole- or haplo-diploid), (3) degree of dominance of the resistance allele and (4) degree to which mating biases extend to heterozygous. In the simulation results. The amount of symmetrical mating bias (preference of females to mate with males of the same genotype) was an important factor in determining the rate of establishment when released individuals initially comprised 10% of the population. All interactions between mating bias and other three factors were also significant. Diploid level had no main effect but strongly interacted with other factors. When mating was random in simulations of haplo diploid populations. the resistance allele was established faster than simulations of diplo-diploid populations. In those populations with no interbreeding between strains, however, diploid level had no effect on the rate of establishment of the resistance allele, As we expected from previous resistance models, the dominance of the resistance allele significantly affected the rate of resistance development. When dominance varied, rates of resistance development for diplo-diploid simulations varied more than with corresponding haplo-diploid simulations. The degree to which mating biases extended to heterozygotes depended on the levels of the other factors, especially the diploidy level. Our simulation results suggest that mating biases can have a large effect on the establishment of strains of arthropod natural enemies and in some cases may be capable of preventing establishment of strains that are better adapted to local environments. If our simulations accurately represent pest management programs, incomplete mating biases between the strain to be released and strains previously established might reduce efficacy when releases of small numbers of individuals are made.
The Majority Effect and Brand Choice

The effects of groups on members' and nonmembers' behavior have long been of interest to behavioral scientists who are concerned with investigating which types of groups are likely to be influential to whom, under what circumstances, for what decisions, and to what extent [2]. In this study cognitive dissonance and the majority effect were used in a choice situation involving a reference group. Dissonance theory is well known [3]; the majority effect is behavior brought about by beliefs or actions of the majority of a reference group [1, 4]. This study was primarily concerned with analyzing the impact on reported brand preferences of information from a reference group. The design was intended to approximate use of advertising in disseminating dissonance-creating information about preferences of the majority of a reference group. The hypotheses were:
SLM-based laboratory investigation of scintillation in anisotropic turbulence

A laboratory setup involving a spatial light modulator is described for examining the dependence of scintillation on both the spectral index of non-Kolmogorov turbulence and anisotropy. A comparison of laboratory results with existing theory is discussed.
Proving the effectiveness of community programs in jeopardy: the role of formative evaluation

Today's health care programs are being scrutinized like never before and yet few clinicians and managers know how to show the value of programs without time-consuming outcomes research. This is especially true for new and innovative programs that are dependent on outside funding and may not have enough time to show an effect. However, even well established programs usually lack a clear operational model (clear aim, well defined target population, objectives, performance measures) and well-defined theory (plausible link between activities and desired outcomes). This article proposes a methodology to assure that programs have all the components needed to assure success.
High spatial resolution ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy

We demonstrate ultrafast dynamical imaging of surfaces using a scanning tunneling microscope with a low-temperature-grown GaAs tip photoexcited by 100-fs, 800-nm pulses. We detect picosecond transients on a coplanar stripline and demonstrate a temporal resolution (full-width at half maximum) of 1.7 ps. By dynamically imaging the stripline, we demonstrate that the local conductivity in the sample is reflected in the transient correlated current and that 20-nm spatial resolution is achievable for a 2 ps transient, correlated signal. We apply this technique of photoconductively-gated ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy to study carrier dynamics in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot samples at T=300 K. The initial carrier relaxation proceeds via Auger carrier capture from the InAs wetting layer (WL) on a timescale of 1-2 ps, followed by recombination of carriers on a 900 ps timescale. Finally, we demonstrate junction-mixing ultrafast STM (JM-USTM) using picosecond voltage pulses propagating on a patterned metal-on-metal (Ti/Pt). Using JM-USTM we have achieved a spatio/temporal resolution of 1 nm/8 ps.
Lycidlike Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

Lycid resemblance among Cerambycidae appears to have arisen independently in all three of the subfamilies recognized in earlier classifications and in at least four of the seven recognized in most current classifications (Prioninae, Cerambycinae, Lepturinae, Lamiinae). Among Cerambycidae examined by the author, expression of this resemblance has been found in at least 200 species in some 60 genera in 21 tribes, and a more complete survey of existing collections and an analysis of published descriptions would no doubt increase these figures substantially. Lycid resemblance achieves a peak of perfection in the cerambycine tribe Pteroplatini and the lamiine tribe Hemilophini. In these two groups, and the notoriously mimetic Rhinotragini, the existence of lycid mimicry can scarcely be doubted. Elsewhere in the family, lycid resemblance is sporadic and discontinuous and in some cases may represent merely fortuitous convergence in coloration without ecological significance. In cases in which the lycid similarity involves a striking departure from the near relatives, the resemblance, if mimetic, is probably Batesian. Where it involves principally variations in the preexisting patterns and coloration, Mullerian mimicry may be involved. Only detailed ecological studies will reveal true relationships beween the cerambycids and the lycids which they appear to resemble.
Fractionation and isolation of the multiple forms of prorennin (prochymosin)

The heterogeneity of prorennin was studied by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and microgranular DEAE-cellulose columns, as well as by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Prorennin prepared by alum treatment, salting-out and chromatography was resolved into three components by a compound gradient of sodium phosphate on microgranular DEAE-cellulose. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis confirmed the chromatographic results, but crystalline rennin was shown to consist of four bands. When prorennin was isolated directly by chromatography, four zymogen components were resolved on microgranular DEAE-cellulose with a modified compound gradient of sodium phosphate. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis confirmed the existence of four multiple forms of prorennin as well as homogeneity of the chromatographic fractions.
Toward the pattern-oriented approach to research in human resources management: A review of configurational and category theorizing, methods, and applications

Abstract On many occasions, organizational science research has been referred to as fragmented and disjointed, resulting in a literature that is, in the opinion of many, difficult to navigate and comprehend. One potential explanation is that scholars have failed to comprehend that organizations are complex and intricate systems. In order to move us past this morass, we recommend that researchers extend beyond traditional rational, mechanistic, and variable-centered approaches to research and integrate a more advantageous pattern-oriented approach within their research program. Pattern-oriented methods approximate real-life phenomena by adopting a holistic, integrative approach to research wherein individual- and organizational-systems are viewed as non-decomposable organized wholes. We argue that the pattern-oriented approach has the potential to overcome a number of breakdowns faced by alternate approaches, while offering a novel and more representative lens from which to view organizational- and HRM-related issues. The proposed incorporation of the pattern-oriented approach is framed within a review and evaluation of current approaches to organizational research and is supplemented with a discussion of methodological and theoretical implications as well as potential applications of the pattern-oriented approach.
Modeling Soluble and Particulate Lead Release into Drinking Water from Full and Partially Replaced Lead Service Lines.

Partial replacement of lead service lines (LSLs) often results in the excessive long-term release of lead particulates due to the disturbance of pipe scale and galvanic corrosion. In this study, a modeling approach to simulate the release and transport of particulate and dissolved lead from full and partially replaced LSLs is developed. A mass-transfer model is coupled with a stochastic residential water demand generator to investigate the effect of normal household usage flow patterns on lead exposure. The model is calibrated by comparing simulation results against experimental measurements from pilot-scale setups where lead release under different flow rates and water chemistry scenarios was reported. Applying the model within a Monte Carlo simulation framework, partial replacement of the LSL was predicted to result in releasing spikes with significantly high concentrations of particulate lead (1011.9 ± 290.3 μg/L) that were five times higher than those released from the simulated full LSL. Sensitivity ...
Winning with Consequences: The Role of White Identity Politics on Black Political Frameworks

A great deal of academic energy has been devoted to the examination of Black American political discourse and their development. Additionally, within the last decade much energy has been exerted toward examining how political movements based on White identity are formed and actualized, but little attention has been paid to how these White identity movements can and have affected Black organization and mobilization. By identifying and deconstructing the differences in how Black identity politics and White identity politics are actualized and perceived, more effective means of organizing and advocacy can be developed within the Black community. This study will look to demonstrate the ways in which White identity movements can be characterized as reactive in nature, and will consider what effects, if any, this should have have on Black political frameworks.
Correlates of success and lack of success in deinstitutionalization

This is a case study of ninety-two patients served by an outpatient service of a state psychiatric hospital in a rural area in west central New York State. The purpose was to identify variables associated with success (tenure in the community) and lack of success (number of readmissions within last year and five years and one subsequent year). Using a stepwise multiple regression analysis, age and living with others were positively correlated with success and negatively correlated with rehospitalizations within one year. Over a five-year period, affective disorders, inconsistency in taking medication, and having a hobby were correlated with multiple hospitalizations. In the year following data collection, readminissions were related only to inconsistency in taking medication. Mental health practitioners are advised to carefully follow up persons at highest risk of returning to the hospital.