cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer simulations of binder removal from 2-D and 3-D model particulate bodies

A series of computer simulations were developed to investigate the removal of multicomponent, thermoplastic binders from two- and three-dimensional model particulate bodies. Monosized particles with varying diameters were randomly placed in such systems, and all unoccupied pixels were assigned to the binder phase at ratios of 1:9, 1:2, or 1:1 plasticizer (volatile) to polymeric (nonvolatile) species. Simulations were carried out under isothermal conditions to study the influence of liquid-phase transport processes, i.e., plasticizer diffusion in the binder-filled pore network and capillary-driven redistribution of the binder phase, on plasticizer removal rates. Plasticizer diffusion was modeled by a random-walk algorithm, and nonplanar pore development arising from capillary-driven binder redistribution was modeled by an invasion percolation algorithm. For comparison, simulations were also carried out on systems in which binder redistribution was not permitted. In such cases, pore development was modeled as an advancing or nonadvancing planar front. Visualization of transport phenomena on a microscopic scale has provided the first quantitative assessment of plasticizer concentration profiles, C(t) and C(z), and binder-vapor interfacial development during removal. Removal rates were significantly enhanced when capillarydriven binder redistribution was assumed, and they depended strongly on initial plasticizer content under those conditions.
Genetic Dissection of Seed Production Traits and Identification of a Major‐Effect Seed Retention QTL in Hybrid Leymus (Triticeae) Wildryes

Many native grasses display seed shattering and other seed production problems. Basin wildrye [Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. Love] and creeping wildrye [L. triticoides (Buckley) Pilg.] are perennial Triticeae grasses native to western North America. In this study, variation in the number of fl orets per infl orescence, percent seed set, seed mass, seed shattering, and seed dormancy was measured in clonally replicated multiyear fi eld evaluations of 164 progeny derived from a backcross between a creeping × basin wildrye hybrid and a true creeping wildrye tester. Genomewide quantitative trait locus (QTL) scans detected independent gene effects for all fi ve traits and one pleiotropic QTL, located on Triticeae homeologous chromosome group 6, associated with major seed shattering (43.1% R 2 , 26.9 log of odds likelihood ratio [LOD]) and seed dormancy (24.1% R 2 , 10.6 LOD) effects. We hypothesize that a dominant basin wildrye gene creates an abscission that promotes seed disarticulation but hinders seed development and seed ripening in the creeping wildrye backcross family. Alignments of Leymus chromosome 6 expressed sequence tag markers to the rice (Oryza) genome reveal well-defi ned correspondence of Leymus wildrye and American wildrice (Zizania palustris L.) seed shatter QTLs.
Comparison of patterns of hybrid resistance to the BALB/c plasmacytomas LPC-1 and MPC-11.

Patterns of genetic control of hybrid resistance to the BALB/c plasmacytoma LPC-1 were studied for comparison with those to MPC-11, a plasmacytoma investigated previously. The overall patterns of hybrid resistance to the two tumors were similar, i.e., hybrids between BALB/c and BALB congenic resistant (CR) strains, A and A CR strains, SJL and DBA/2 were as susceptible to LPC-1 as BALB/c mice themselves, whereas hybrids between BALB/c and AKR, C57BL/Ks, DBA/1, C57BL/6 (B6), C57BL/10 (B10) and B10 CR strains were resistant to LPC-1 as previously shown with MPC-11. Heterozygosity within the H-2 complex alone was insufficient for resistance to either tumor. Among hybrids between BALB/c and the B10 CR strains, however, the presence of certain H-2 haplotypes influenced the degree of resistance seen and this H-2 effect was different for the two tumors. A sex effect on resistance to LPC-1, but not to MPC-11, was seen among F1 hybrids between BALB/c and DBA/1 although not in any other F1 hybrids. Among ((B10×BALB/c)F1×BALB/c) and (BALB/c×(B10×BALB/c)F1) and ((BALB/c×B10)F1×BALB/c) and ((BALB/c×B10)F1×BALB/c) backcross mice, however, significantly more males than females were resistant to LPC-1 and the results of this study are compatible with the idea that in F1 hybrids between BALB/c and B10, resistance to LPC-1 is controlled by two dominant autosomal genes, one of which is sex-limited and neither of which is linked to H-2. In contrast, hybrid resistance to MPC-11 in this cross is controlled by a single gene. Cross-protection experiments indicated that the two tumors share at least one tumor-associated transplantation antigen.
Effects of thin film processing on pentacene/C60 bilayer solar cell performance

Abstract Solar cells based on pentacene/C 60 bilayer heterojunctions have been fabricated with a structure of ITO/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/pentacene (40 nm)/fullerene (C 60 )(40 nm)/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) (10 nm)/Al. The effect of pentacene crystalline domain size on performance was investigated by controlling the pentacene deposition rate. The devices show improved light-to-electricity conversion efficiencies from 0.49% to 1.12% under an AM 1.5 solar simulator (100 mW/cm 2 ), when the pentacene evaporation rate is in a range of 5 A/s–0.5 A/s. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements show that the pentacene films deposited by a slow evaporation rate have larger crystalline domains and a fewer amorphous domains, compared to films obtained by faster evaporation rates. Upon thermal annealing at 200 °C for 1 min, there is merging of pentacene crystalline domains. These changes in film morphology impact the charge separation at the donor/acceptor interface and the hole and electron mobilities, and hence, directly affect the device performance.
Physeal Fractures in the Horse II. Management and Outcome

Seventy physeal fractures in horses were initially managed by euthanasia (18), stall confinement (25), application of a cast (7), or internal fixation (20). Of the 52 physeal fractures initially managed with stall confinement, a cast, or internal fixation, 23 (44%) healed and 13 (25%) of these horses became sound. The number of horses less than 4.5 months of age with pressure physeal fractures that became sound was significantly higher (p 0.05) for Salter-Harris Type I, II, III, or IV pressure physeal fractures; however, critical examination for growth disturbances was not performed. The number of horses with pressure or traction physeal fractures of less than 5 days duration prior to presentation that healed or became sound was not significantly different (p > 0.05) when compared with those horses with fractures of greater than or equal to 5 days duration.
Buoyant densities of DNA of mammals.

One characteristic of DNA, CsCl buoyant density peak values, was determined for DNA samples isolated from 93 species belonging to 11 orders of mammals. The CsCl buoyant density values varied over a very narrow range, 1.696–1.701 g/cm3. Satellite DNAs were found in a number of species. The function and origin of these satellite DNAs are not known.
The Rationale for Prandial Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is of epidemic proportions worldwide, and its microvascular and macrovascular complications have been well described. Achieving glycemic control has been demonstrated to reduce patients' risk of developing these complications. Objective: The objective of this article was to examine how prandial hyperglycemia-especially postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG)-affects overall glycemic control and the complications of DM and to discuss the pharmacologic agents available to reduce PPHG. Methods: Materials used for this article were identified through a MEDLINE search of the literature (1975–2006). English-language randomized, controlled, prospective, cohort, and observational studies were chosen using the search terms postprandial hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, cardiovascular disease, macrovascular disease, microvascular disease, lipidemia, and coagulation. Results: Data show that controlling prandial hyperglycemia reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) andmicrovascular complications, lowers glycosylated hemoglobin levels, causes less oxidative stress, and leads to a more favorable coagulation and postprandial lipidemia profile. Guidelines for targeting PPHG are becoming standard, and various pharmacologic agents (eg, a-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogues, incretin mimetics, rapid-acting insulins and insulin analogues, meglitinide analogues) that target PPHG may also improve overall glycemic control and reduce CVD risk. Conclusions: Although the level of hyperglycemia that leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications inpatients with DM remains to be elucidated, it appears prudent to address prandial hyperglycemia, especially PPHG, rather than focus solely on fasting glucose levels. Clinicians should consider incorporating agents that lower PPHG in their treatment of patients with DM.
Switching considerations and new transfer circuits for electromagnetic launch systems

Electromagnetic (EM) launchers have severe switching requirements. Switching demands for railgun systems, for instance, include current conduction from hundreds of kA to a few MA, conduction times of a ms to a few s, standoff voltages as high as a few tens of kV, recovery voltages of 1-10 kV after conduction, opening and closing duty, and repetitive operation up to about 50 Hz. These demands, particularly for repetitive opening duty, are far beyond the capability of most current switches and switching concepts. This paper will review the performance of rod array triggered vacuum gap (RATVG) switches and discuss their potential for solving switching problems in EM launcher systems. A new mode of operation for the RATVG switch is proposed. Fundamental considerations for the operation of opening switches and their associated transfer circuits are presented. Methods of recovering the railgun's inductive energy to enable efficient repetitive operation are discussed and new circuits with such capability are proposed.
A practical guide to fungal genome projects: strategy, technology, cost and completion

Since the publication of the first fungal genome in 1996, over 400 fungal genome projects have been launched, which makes fungi the most sequenced eukaryotic taxon. In this review, we sought to address the two major challenges associated with such projects, such as obtaining genomic sequence with high quality and attaching relevant biological information to the genomic sequence and features. Using the available literature and our own experiences in fungal genomics, we outline here the critical steps and quality control procedures for each stage of the genome project from library construction, sequencing to assembly and annotation, which will provide practical guidelines to optimize genome sequencing and annotation strategies. In addition, a brief overview of available comparative genomics and visualization tools is provided to assist investigators along the course of biological discovery. We also highlight how the success of a genomic project depends on close collaboration among experts from biological an...
Inactivation and phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase by Mg · ATP analogues Rh(III)-ATP and Co(III)-ATP

Abstract The interactions of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase with the Mg · ATP analogues Rh(H2O)4ATP and Co(NH3)4ATP have been examined. Co(NH3)4ATP slowly inactivates Ca2+-ATPase in a first order process, with a rate constant of 1.13 × 10−3 s−1 and an apparent inactivation constant, KI, of 32 m m . Rh(H2O)4ATP likewise inactivates sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, but the plot of reciprocal apparent inactivation rate constants versus 1/[Rh(H2O)4ATP] is biphasic. The x-intercepts of this plot yield apparent inactivation constants for the inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase by Rh(H2O)4ATP of KI1 = 30 μM and KI2 = 221 μM. The corresponding values of k2, the maximal first-order rate constant for inhibition in these two phases, are 1.16 and 2.19 × 10−4 s−1. Tridentate Rh(H2O)3ATP also inhibits Ca2+-ATPase, but only after much longer incubation times. Ca2+-ATPase inactivation is accompanied by incorporation of radioactivity from γ-32P into an acid-precipitable enzyme. Both processes were dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions and were quenched by excess ATP. The first-order rate constant for inactivation of Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity in this experiment was 2.19 × 10−4 s−1, and the first-order rate constant for Ca2+-dependent E-P formation was 2.07 × 10−4 s−1, in excellent agreement with the value for inactivation. A linear relationship is observed between ATPase inactivation and E-P formation. Moreover, atomic absorption analysis demonstrates that the phosphorylation of Ca2+-ATPase by Rh(H2O)4ATP is accompanied by incorporation and tight binding of rhodium, with a stoichiometry of one rhodium incorporated per ATPase molecule phosphorylated. The characteristics of ATPase inactivation and phosphorylation (i.e., Ca2+ dependence, ATP competition, agreement of rate constants, and stoichiometric rhodium incorporation) suggest that Rh(H2O)4ATP is binding to the catalytic nucleotide site on Ca2+-ATPase and producing a highly stable, phosphorylated intermediate.
The governing influence

The Communist Party and Soviet Science. By Stephen Fortescue. Macmillan, London/ Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore: 1987. Pp.234. £27.50, $28.50.
Even order nonlinear eigenvalue problems on a measure chain

We consider the even order nonlinear eigenvalue problem (-1)muΔ2m (t) = λf(t,u,(σ(t))), uΔ2i (0) = uΔ2i (σ(1)) = 0, 0 ≤ i ≤ m - 1, on a measure chain T. Results on existence and nonexistence of positive solutions are obtained for λ evaluated in different intervals. Under certain assumptions, the complete scenario for all λ > 0 is established. Our work develops and improves many known results in the literature even for the case that T is the real number line. We also interpret our general results on measure chains to the discrete case which yields a new set of conditions for the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions of eigenvalue problems for difference equations.
Spatially Resolved Measurements of the Chromatic Dispersion in Fibers

Technique for selective localization of four-photon mixing and its use for physical parameter extraction in fiber is described. The measurement method relies on localized counter-colliding power transfer and was applied to map dispersion and corresponding transverse geometry of different types of optical fibers. The technique is capable of resolving fiber core fluctuations comparable to a single silica molecular diameter.
Decreased time delay and security enhancement recommendations for AMI smart meter networks

In this paper we consider a variety of real world AMI smart meter networking scenarios. We examine the network performance as a function the following parameters: the size of the network, node scheduling, and polling interval (period) under normal conditions. Then we introduce malevolent agents to the network to demonstrate the effects of their actions. Although there are several inherent security related issues involving wireless network the most relevant and attacks to launch against the de facto networking protocols used by AMI smart meters is a black hole attack. Focusing on the black hole attack we demonstrate, through simulations, how to avoid these attacks by creating dedicated paths between the source (smart meter) and the sink collecting the information (access point). In addition to this, we simulate a network of nodes that use a hybrid routing protocol when time sensitive data is needed in order to ensure that outages do not occur due to excess demand.
A hierarchical decision model for optimum design alternative selection

Head injury criterion test at Rockwell Collins Flight Dynamics is a requirement for many new government regulatory agency certifications of head-up display systems. A number of design alternatives are available which would meet the regulatory requirement, and a number of seemingly disparate considerations are taken into account when a decision is made regarding the optimum regulatory compliance strategy. No formal method has been used to quantify the decision parameters and integrate them into a decision method. This paper presents a methodology based on hierarchical decision models.
Using Clinical Vignettes to Evaluate VTE Protocol Adherence

Background : Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis is underutilized in hospitalized medical patients. Underutilization might occur as a result of resident practice variation incurred by using a complex risk assessment tool. Objective : To examine what impact repetitive exposure to an electronic point-based VTE risk assessment tool has on resident inter-rater reliability and protocol adherence. Design : Pre and post intervention cross-sectional cohort study. Setting : Single academic center. Patients : Convenience samples of Internal Medicine residents. Interventions : Residents completed clinical vignettes before and after any exposure to an electronic risk assessment tool and reminder alert. They were asked to make three determinations using a point-based VTE risk assessment tool: risk stratification, identify contraindications, and VTE prevention strategy. Measurements : Inter-rater reliability for risk assessment, contraindications, and VTE prophylaxis strategy and protocol adherence. Results : Kappa scores for VTE risk assessment did not change, but improved for VTE plan increasing from 0.28 to 0.37. Protocol adherence improved from 71% in 2008 to 79% (P = 0.06). There was a significant decrease in under-prophylaxis (22% to 6%, P 0.0001) but a significant increase in over-prophylaxis (7% to 16%, P = 0.001). Conclusions : Using clinical vignettes, we determined that daily exposure to an electronic risk assessment tool did not improve the inter-rater reliability of a point-based risk assessment tool when used by medical residents. This might be due to inexperienced providers using a complex point-based tool. Overall, adherence improved, and under-prophylaxis decreased, but over-prophylaxis increased. Clinical vignettes are a generalizable method to monitor resident prophylaxis practices and way to identify educational and process improvement opportunities. doi:10.4021/jocmr766w
The assignment of minimum crews among bases in an airlift operation

Abstract In this paper, we formulate a mathematical programming model with the objective of minimizing the number of crews required for the aircraft to complete mission within a specified average time period in an airlift operation conducted by the United States Air Force. Using earlier results of the mean idle time of an aircraft at a single base and the probability distribution of the interdeparture times of the aircraft from the base, an efficient algorithm is applied to solve the problem.
Efficient control of group I intron ribozyme catalysis by DNA constraints

Double-stranded DNA constraints enable efficient control of catalysis by a large multi-domain group I intron ribozyme.
Ground-state energies of one- and two-electron silicon dots in an amorphous silicon dioxide matrix.

The one- and two-electron ground-state energies of a silicon sphere embedded in an amorphous silicon dioxide matrix are calculated as a function of the sphere size. The electron-electron interaction and polarization effects are treated by perturbation; our quantum-mechanical calculation is valid for small spheres with radii between 10 and 40 \AA{}. For large spheres, classical electrostatics is used. A universal effective capacitance is defined in terms of the difference in the ground-state energies of the (n+1)- and n-electron cases, which agrees with the usual concept of capacitance in the classical limit.
The Oriented-Eddy Collision Turbulence Model

The Oriented-Eddy Collision (OEC) model treats turbulent flow as a non-Newtonian fluid where the average behavior of turbulence is modeled as a collection of interacting fluid particles which have inherent orientation. The model is derived from the two-point velocity correlation transport equation, and has the form of a collection of Reynolds-stress transport equations, with one set of transport equations for each representative eddy direction. The addition of eddy orientation information adds important physics to the model and allows the model to represent structural (two-point) information about the turbulence. This structural information is sufficient to allow the model to capture the effect of external forces and imposed mean strains (such as rapid distortion theory) exactly. The only physical effects that must be empirically modeled are those that are due to turbulence-turbulence interactions, referred to as eddy collisions. The performance of the model in a number of canonical flow situations is presented.
Protection of Synaptic Transmission Against Block by Nicotine.

During the past year we have studied the effects of various drugs on synaptic transmission in the crayfish; the results will be described elsewhere. In the course of this investigation many drugs were found to have no effect. In such cases a check was made on the preparation by applying a dose of nicotine (10^(-5) grams/cc.) 10 minutes after the original drug. Control tests had shown that nicotine in this concentration blocks transmission in 1-2 minutes. As expected, the presence of most drugs did not influence this action. With some, however, either the nicotine was without effect or the block was greatly delayed. Evidently under certain conditions the preparation is protected against the action of nicotine. Since this situation seems to be of considerable interest, the following preliminary report is presented at this time.
A gimbaled platform for MAV autopilot simulation and calibration

This paper describes a three degrees of freedom gimbaled platform designed to be used as a hardware in the loop simulator (HILS). This platform is designed to aid in the calibration and synchronization of Micro Aerial Vehiclespsila autopilot components. This platform can also be used as a simulator allowing the autopilot to fly a computer model of the airframe. This allows for the quick and efficient verification of autopilot behavior with different airframes under various weather conditions within the lab.
Bronchiectasis: sex and gender considerations

Bronchiectasis in women may act more virulently. Identified gender and sex differences range from increased exposure risks to altered inflammatory responses. Common among the most well-documented examples is a differential immune response. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that chronic airway infection, most notably non-CF bronchiectasis, is a more common and more virulent disease in women. This is particularly evident in CF-and non-HIV-related environmental mycobacterial respiratory tract infections. Whether this represents an inflammatory-immune process, or environmental, anatomic, or other genetic difference remains to be detailed fully.
Web‐based destination marketing systems: assessing the critical factors for management and implementation

The Web-based destination marketing system (DMS) has been widely used as a distribution channel and marketing tool by destination marketing organisations (DMOs) at different levels in the promotion and management of tourism destinations. However, successful Web marketing requires a systematic approach in understanding key factors supporting the management and implementation of the DMS both from business and technical perspectives. The purpose of this study is to assess the critical factors of the Web-based DMS used by DMOs in the USA on the following five areas: website function design, website promotion, Website-performance measurement, Web-marketing impact assessment and organisation technology environment. Discussions of the study results and implications for Internet destination marketing and management are also provided. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
46.5L: Late‐News Paper: Large Area Sputtered Al2O3 Films for High Mobility AM‐TFT Backplanes on PVD Array System PiVot 55kVi2

The production worthiness of sputtered Al2O3 barrier films on Gen 8.5 substrates using rotary targets on PVD array system PiVot™ is demonstrated in order to provide increased stability to IGZO AM-OLED backplanes. The achieved Al2O3 layer properties and uniformity illustrate the advantages of using rotary technology.
Wavelength and Intensity Tracking System

An optical-electrical-mechanical servosystem has been developed that can track a spectral line the wavelength of which is changing as a function of time (or position on the emitting surface in the case of a luminescing sample). The system is based on an automatic continuous measurement of the wavelength derivative of the spectral line. The wavelength derivative is obtained through a
The amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit of mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (ABP), with a comparison to the partial sequence of the beta subunit and to other ligand-binding proteins

It has been suggested that three distinct genes,Abpa, Abpb, andAbpg, determine the three subunits of mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (ABP) (Dlouhy, S. R.,et al., Genetics115, 535, 1987). We report the putative amino acid sequence of the subunit common to all forms of ABP, the Alpha subunit, and the partial amino acid sequence of the Beta subunit. These sequences have little in common, supporting the notion of at least two distinct genes coding for the subunits of the most common form of salivary ABP, the A:B dimer. A search of GenBank showed that these sequences have not been reported previously. The Beta subunit shows significant homology with helospectin, a member of the glucagon superfamily, but not enough homology to assign it to the family. No homology exists between ABP subunits and members of the ligand-binding carrier family of proteins nor does ABP show homology with other androgen-binding proteins. Particularly interesting is the observation that there is no relationship to rat prostatic steroid binding protein (PBP), given the similarities in protein tertiary structure, the numbers of subunits and their genes, and the earlier observation of ABP cross-reactive material in mouse prostate.
Descriptions of Social Support in Treatment Narratives of Complicated Grievers

The authors performed a qualitative analysis of revisiting exercise narratives provided by 22 bereaved individuals undergoing complicated grief (CG) treatment. Revisiting entails telling the story of the death. Most participants described social interactions in the narratives, viewing others as helpful (n = 7), unhelpful (n = 7), or both (n = 6). Many noted the presence of helpful individuals, yet perceived helpfulness was not sufficient to protect against developing CG, and helpfulness was not associated with lower depressive, grief, or trauma symptoms. However, the absence, rudeness, or aggression of others distressed and angered grieving participants. Implications for the role of social support in CG are discussed.
Interspecies immunologic cross-reactivity of mammalian sperm basic proteins.

Abstract The species uniqueness of the sperm basic nuclear proteins (SBNPs) of mammals is in sharp contrast to the highly conserved function of those proteins, to mediate extreme condensation of the sperm chromatin. Despite their molecular uniqueness, however, the SBNPs of all eutherian mammals share certain characteristics: low molecular weight, high percentage of arginine and cysteine residues and, in the final step of chromatin condensation, extensive SS cross-linking. By radioimmunoassay, we have demonstrated that rabbit antiserum to mouse SBNP is reactive with purified mouse SBNP and mouse sperm and is cross-reactive with purified bull SBNP and sperm of bull, rat, rabbit, dog and man. The immunologically cross-reactive sites, therefore, may represent the homologous regions of the various species of SBNPs that serve the function of chromatin condensation. Immunologic reactivity was displayed only by sperm made to swell by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. Unswollen sperm were not reactive, confirming previous observations by immunofluorescence [1] indicating that reduction of SS bonds is necessary to render the antigenic sites of SBNP available for immunologic recognition, and suggesting that formation of SS bonds within that protein may be a molecular mechanism of antigen sequestration in vivo.
Pitcher: Enabling Distributed Parallel Computing with Automatic Thread and Data Assignments

Parallel and distributed systems have intended to exploit local and remote multi-cores and multiprocessors for high performance. However, without popular single-image distributed operating systems, few systems can utilize all resources automatically and effectively. This paper proposed an MPI-like middleware, Pitcher, to distribute multithreaded parallel workloads across networked computers without user involvement. Fine-grained computational units, threads, are regrouped into bundles based on data locality and scheduling requests. Such thread bundles are treated as load distribution units. Unlike MPI, data and synchronization variables in Pitcher will be automatically partitioned and distributed. A preprocessor transforms the source code so that programmers stick to shared virtual address space programming paradigm whereas the runtime support module dispatches thread bundles and data based on locality. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of Pitcher.
Absorption of iodine by coal and lignite

Abstract The vapor pressure of iodine over mixtures of iodine and various coals has been measured at temperatures of 65–95°C. Lignite and bituminous coals exhibit similar behavior in their absorption of iodine whereas the behavior of anthracite coal is different. A region of constant vapor pressure occurs in the reaction between iodine and the bituminous coals and lignite. Complex formation between the iodine and coal is postulated.
Purification and characterization of carboxylesterases of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Abstract Phenyl propionate hydrolyzing carboxylesterases (carboxylic ester hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.1) in protamine sulfate treated aqueous extract of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were separated into three fractions by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. A total of eight fractions were obtained on further purification by CM- or DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that none of the fractions was homogeneous. Variations in substrate and inhibitor specifities were demonstrated between the eight fractions. Possible structures for the isozymes of these carboxylesterases are discussed.
3D printing of multifunctional nanocomposites

Summary Additive manufacturing ( aka , 3D printing) holds strong potential for the formation of a new class of multifunctional nanocomposites. With the ability to print complex 3D objects layer by layer, additive manufacturing with nanomaterials could be leveraged in new ways toward greater control over material properties across part dimensions. Multifunctionality through embedding of nanomaterials can further extend capabilities of nanocomposites to properties such as gradients in thermal and electrical conductivity, photonic emissions tunable for wavelength, and increased strength and reduced weight. Here we discuss the promises offered by nanomaterials-based additive manufacturing as a new paradigm for nanocomposite functionality.
Observations on the relationship of structure to the mechanical properties of thin TD-NiCr sheet

A study of the relationship between structure and mechanical properties of thin TD-NiCr sheet indicated that the elevated temperature tensile, stress-rupture, and creep strength properties are dependent on grain aspect ratio and sheet thickness. In general, the strength properties increase with increasing grain aspect ratio and sheet thickness. Tensile testing revealed an absence of ductility at elevated temperatures (T>-1144 K). Significant creep damage, as determined by subsequent tensile testing at room temperature, occurs after very small amounts (<0.1 pet) of prior creep deformation at elevated temperatures (1144≤T≤1477 K). A threshold stress for creep appears to exist. Creep exposure below the threshold stress atT≥1366 K results in almost full retention of room temperature tensile properties.
New perspectives on nationalism and war

The answer now seems obvious. "History," with apologies to the venerable Carr, "is the conceptual space, the time of human experience, in which social scientific knowledge and, most of all, prediction is proven wrong." Or, if you prefer, "any succession of rupturing events which together bring to light our misunderstandings and misrecognitions of the present."2 In the past few years, pace Francis Fukuyama's3 prognosis of the "end of history," there has been an awful lot of it about. Indeed, if History is Dead, its rigor mortis appears unusually vigorous.
Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Fall 1997

This Bibliography is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walt Whitman Quarterly Review by an authorized administrator of Iowa Research Online. For more information, please contact lib-ir@uiowa.edu. Recommended Citation Folsom, Ed. "Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Fall 1997." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 15 (Fall 1997), 133-138.
Production and metabolic aspects of nonprotein nitrogen incorporation in lactation rations of dairy goats

Abstract Two lactation trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary urea on milk production and metabolic criteria in dairy goats. In Experiment 1, 18 primiparous Alpine does (average BW 42kg) were fed one of three diets (65% TDN): NPC1, negative protein control (9.5% CP); PPC1, positive protein control (14% CP); and NPND, nonprotein N diet (14% CP, urea contributed 33% of the total dietary N). The lactation trial consisted of a 3 week adaptation and a 5 week collection period. Mean ADG, DM intake, milk yield, milk fat, and milk N were not affected by diet ( P > 0.10); however, milk noncasein N ( P P P P P P > 0.10). Total milk N was affected ( P P P P P P P P P P P P > 0.10) by diet in either experiment. Incorporation of NPN in goat lactation diets can sustain milk yield during mid-lactation without the development of clinical hyperammonemia; however, milk N fractions, and hence, the milk processing properties may be affected at the higher levels of NPN incorporation.
Abscission-inducing properties of methyl jasmonate, ABA, and ABA-methyl ester and their interactions with ethephon, AgNO3 and malformin

The biological activities of methyl jasmonate, ABA, methyl abscisate, and malformin were compared in a variety ofVigna radiata abscission tests. Although each compound diminished or completely negated the antiethylene properties of Ag+, differences in potency were observed. ABA and ABA-Me stimulated leaf abscission in the dark, potentiated abscission with low concentrations of ethephon, and interacted synergistically with malformin, whereas methyl jasmonate was inactive in each of these tests. Methyl jasmonate was most active in potentiating leaf abscission induced by high ethephon concentrations and stimulated petiole abscission, whether applied proximally or distally, from debladed explants. In two tests, negation of Ag+ activity and interaction with malformin, ABA concentrations as low as 0.1 μM were biologically active and indicated that ABA can be a highly active abscission-inducing compound. Based on differences in biological activity, it was concluded that the modes of action of methyl jasmonate, ABA, and malformin were different.
Co-localization of Disturbed Flow Patterns and Occlusive Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Lesion Formation in Heart Transplant Patients

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and morality in orthotopic heart transplant (HTx) patients. While disturbed flow patterns have been linked to the spatial localization of atherosclerosis, the role of hemodynamics in CAV development has not been examined. HTx patients (n = 5) requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for a focal, epicardial lesion were studied. Angiographic images were retrospectively obtained from baseline (i.e., in the presence of no observed disease) and follow-up catheterizations (i.e., at the time of PCI; 12.4 ± 2.6 years post-HTx). Patient-specific computational models were created from baseline images. Computational fluid dynamic techniques were employed to quantify the hemodynamic environment, which was expressed as normalized time-averaged WSS (TAWSSnorm; measure of temporal WSS magnitude) and normalized WSS angle deviation (WSSADnorm; measure of instantaneous WSS vector oscillation) values. Baseline hemodynamic and follow-up angiographic data were co-registered to investigate the association between WSS and subsequent occlusive CAV lesion location. Results indicate a high degree of co-localization between baseline low WSS data and follow-up occlusive CAV lesion. Local minima in TAWSSnorm were located 2.5 ± 0.6 mm from the site of PCI. Furthermore, local maxima in WSSADnorm were located 3.9 ± 0.7 mm from the site of PCI. In 3 patients, the occlusive lesion formed in a region that was subjected to both low and oscillatory WSS at baseline. There was discernable spatial co-localization between baseline disturbed flow patterns and follow-up CAV lesions requiring PCI. These results suggest a role of fluid mechanics in the development of focal, flow-limiting CAV lesions.
Tumor bed radiosurgery following resection and prior stereotactic radiosurgery for locally persistent brain metastasis.

Purpose: Despite advances in multimodality management of brain metastases, local progression following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can occur. Often, surgical resection is favored, as it frequently provides immediate symptom relief as well as pathologic characterization of any residual tumor. Should the pathological specimen contain viable tumor cells, further radiation therapy is an option to sterilize the tumor bed. We evaluated the use of repeat SRS (rSRS) in lieu of whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) as a means of improving local control (LC) while minimizing potential toxicity and dose to the normal brain. Material/Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients with brain metastases who underwent SRS and then surgical resection for locally recurrent or persistent disease. From 2004 to 2014, thirteen consecutive patients or 15 lesions were treated with rSRS after resection, either post-operatively to the tumor bed (n=10, 66.6%) or after a second local recurrence (n=5, 33.3%). LC, distant brain failure (DBF), and radiation toxicity were determined using patient records, RECIST criteria v1.1, and CTCAE v4.03. Results: At a median follow-up interval of 9.0 months (range 1.8-54.9 months) from time of rSRS, 5 patients remain alive. Following rSRS, 13 of the 15 (86.6%) lesions were locally controlled with an estimated 100% LC at 6-months and 75% LC at 1- year. However, 11 of the 15 (73.3%) treated lesions developed DBF after rSRS with 3 of 13 patients proceeding to WBRT. Two of 15 (13.3%) resulted in either grade 2 radionecrosis with grade 3 seizures or grade 3 radionecrosis. Conclusion: Repeat SRS represents a potential salvage therapy for patients with locally-recurrent brain metastases, providing additional tumor control with acceptable toxicity, even in the setting of prior SRS and surgical resection. Repeat SRS may be reasonable to use as an alternative to WBRT in this setting.
Importance of food availability for growth of juvenile southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) in the Pamlico River Estuary, North Carolina, USA

Results presented in an earlier paper showed that differences in temperature and salinity could explain approximately 30% of the variability in growth rates of juvenile southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) in different creeks of the Pamlico River estuary. In addition, the maximal growth rate was lower than expected from published laboratory results, suggesting food limitation. In the present paper, the obtained mean and maximal growth rates are related to simultaneously collected data on the amount of food available in the creeks. Thirteen different groups of food items were observed in the stomachs of the flounder. Most of the stomachs of flounder collected outside the cages contained only mysids (65 to 75%). Inside the cages, 25 to 45% of the flounder stomachs contained only mysids, while 85 to 100% of the stomachs contained both mysids and other food categories. Individual growth rates of the founder were only significantly related to the number of mysids in the stomachs, and not to any of the other food categories. Stomachs of other fish species mostly showed food categories other than mysids. This indicates that interspecific competition for food did not occur. The four creeks of the cage experiment showed significant differences in abundance of mysids. However, in only one of the two trials the abundance of mysids was significantly related to the observed growth rates. It can be concluded that mysid abundance does not unequivocally explain the variability in growth rates of juvenile southern flounder in low salinity nursery areas of Pamlico Sound, and that the hypothesis of food limiting maximal growth is not supported by the results of this study.
Eating attitudes in college males

Three hundred and forty male college students participated in a survey study of eating attitudes. Participants completed a survey including demographic data, a weight history, and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Twelve subjects or 3.5% of the population had elevated scores of 20 or above on the EAT-26. Elevated scores correlated significantly with body building and with a past history of obesity. Fully 65% of the men reported weighing within 5 percentage points of their ideal weight. The authors suggest that males who are overinvested in their bodies and physical appearances are at higher risk for developing eating disorders.
A large case-control study of common functional SLC6A4 and BDNF variants in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A Large Case–Control Study of Common Functional SLC6A4 and BDNF Variants in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
“It is the ‘starting over’ part that is so hard”: Using an online group to support hospice bereavement

Objective Although hospice agencies are required to provide informal caregivers (family or friends of the patient) with formal bereavement support when their loved one passes, most bereavement interventions lack standardization and remain untested. We employed the Dual Processing Model of Bereavement as a theoretical framework for assessing the potential of a secret Facebook group for bereaved hospice caregivers. Method A mixed-methods approach was utilized to analyze online communication (posts and comments) in the secret Facebook group, and self-reported outcome measures on depression and anxiety were compared pre- and post-intervention. Results Sixteen caregivers participated in the secret Facebook group over a period of nine months. The majority of online talk was oriented to restoration, revealing abrupt and anticipated triggers that evoked feelings of loss. Caregivers also shared loss orientation through storytelling, sharing and giving advice, and encouraging others to manage the challenges of coping. Caregiver anxiety and depression were lower after the intervention. Significance of results This pilot study provides insight into the use of a secret Facebook group to facilitate bereavement support to caregivers. Findings highlight the promise of Facebook for hospice bereavement support. Providers and researchers are encouraged to explore the positive outcomes associated with bereavement support.
Preclinical Experience With Docetaxel in Gastrointestinal Cancers

Docetaxel is a semisynthetic taxane that acts primarily by promoting microtubule assembly and preventing the depolymerization of assembled microtubules, thereby inducing mitotic block and inhibition of cell proliferation. This agent also induces apoptosis and appears to prevent angiogenesis. Although docetaxel has shown efficacy in a wide variety of tumors, it has only recently been evaluated in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Data from preclinical studies have shown that docetaxel has substantial in vitro and in vivo activity against gastric, esophageal, and pancreatic tumors. The cytotoxic activity of docetaxel is generally time- and dose-dependent, and greater than that produced by other chemotherapeutic agents, including paclitaxel and anthracyclines. Studies evaluating combination regimens suggest that docetaxel has additive-to-synergistic antitumor activity against gastrointestinal cancers over that produced by the individual agents, and the increased antitumor activity appears to be schedule-dependent. These data suggest that docetaxel has promising therapeutic activity in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers and provides a rationale for its inclusion in therapeutic protocols either as a single agent or in combination regimens. In addition to combination regimens with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, early studies with a number of novel molecularly targeted therapies in combination with docetaxel have shown encouraging results. These studies provide a basis for pursuing future clinical trials with docetaxel-based combinations of novel therapies for improving response rates in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
Dermatologic surgery in the demented patient.

Background Dementia is an organic mental disorder that is characterized by a general loss of intellectual abilities involving impairment of memory, judgment, and abstract thinking as well as changes in personality. Demented patients are a growing subgroup within the practice of dermatologic surgery and especially in Mohs surgery. These patients often have other medical and social concerns in addition to their dementia. Objective Demented patients require specific knowledge of their problems to care for them properly, especially in cases in which prolonged procedures are required such as Mohs surgery. Methods A review the literature is given regarding this subgroup of patients and how to best prepare and care for them before, during, and after dermatologic surgery. Results Demented patients often have other medical concerns and therefore have associated medications, medical ailments, postsurgical care, and social and mental challenges. Conclusion The dermatologic surgeon needs to be aware of the special concerns of demented patients, especially in prolonged and potentially complicated surgeries. Not only do they have mental challenges, but they often have other medical and social challenges that need to be specifically accounted for before, during, and after dermatologic surgery.
Feature Selection in the Tensor Product Feature Space

Classifying objects that are sampled jointly from two or more domains has many applications. The tensor product feature space is useful for modeling interactions between feature sets in different domains but feature selection in the tensor product feature space is challenging. Conventional feature selection methods ignore the structure of the feature space and may not provide the optimal results. In this paper we propose methods for selecting features in the original feature spaces of different domains. We obtained sparsity through two approaches, one using integer quadratic programming and another using L1-norm regularization. Experimental studies on biological data sets validate our approach.