cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absolute Positioning Using the Earth's Magnetic Anomaly Field†

Achieving worldwide dependable alternatives to the Global Positioning System is a challenging engineering problem. Current Global Positioning System alternatives often suffer from limitations such as where and when the systems can operate. Navigation using Earth’s magnetic anomaly field, which is globally available at all times, shows promise to overcome many of these limitations. We present a navigation framework that uses Earth’s magnetic anomaly field as a navigation signal to aid an inertial navigation system in an aircraft. The filter utilizes ultra-accurate optically pumped cesium magnetometers to make scalar intensity measurements of Earth’s magnetic field and compare them with a map using a particle filter approach. The accuracy of these measurements allows observability of not only the inertial navigation system errors but also the temporal effects of Earth’s magnetic field, which corrupt the navigation signal. These temporal effects are thoroughly analyzed, and we present a simple model that allows near worldwide use of the navigation filter. We analyze the dependencies on altitude and magnetic storm activity in a realistic simulation using data from test flights and magnetic observatories.
Invisible and on the margins: a demographic profile of emerging refugee populations in Northern Colorado

Refugee populations originating from Africa and Asia are continuing to grow as a proportion of the immigrant population in the USA, yet little is known about the integration of these vulnerable populations into secondary settlement areas. We present a case study of Greeley, Colorado, a small city with an agricultural and meatpacking economic-base that has experienced a rapid influx of secondary migrant refugees since 2007. This case study demonstrates the importance of collecting data on emergent newcomers and details the inherent difficulties of gathering accurate and timely information especially in areas of the USA which are not primary resettlement locations. We explore factors that have fostered substantial demographic shifts, document the challenges of collecting data on new refugee populations, and provide an initial demographic snapshot of the local refugee population which may inform efforts in other areas experiencing similar influxes of new refugee populations.
Design and Experimental Evolution of trans-Splicing Group I Intron Ribozymes

Group I intron ribozymes occur naturally as cis-splicing ribozymes, in the form of introns that do not require the spliceosome for their removal. Instead, they catalyze two consecutive trans-phosphorylation reactions to remove themselves from a primary transcript, and join the two flanking exons. Designed, trans-splicing variants of these ribozymes replace the 3′-portion of a substrate with the ribozyme’s 3′-exon, replace the 5′-portion with the ribozyme’s 5′-exon, or insert/remove an internal sequence of the substrate. Two of these designs have been evolved experimentally in cells, leading to variants of group I intron ribozymes that splice more efficiently, recruit a cellular protein to modify the substrate’s gene expression, or elucidate evolutionary pathways of ribozymes in cells. Some of the artificial, trans-splicing ribozymes are promising as tools in therapy, and as model systems for RNA evolution in cells. This review provides an overview of the different types of trans-splicing group I intron ribozymes that have been generated, and the experimental evolution systems that have been used to improve them.
Humanizing Instructional Videos in Physics: When Less Is More

Many instructors in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields are striving to create active learning environments in their classrooms and in doing so are frequently moving the lecture portion of their course into online video format. In this classroom-based study, we used a two group randomized experimental design to examine the efficacy of an instructional video that incorporates a human hand demonstrating and modeling how to solve frictional inclined plane problems compared to an identical video that did not include the human hand. The results show that the learners who viewed the video without the human hand present performed significantly better on a learning test and experienced a significantly better training efficiency than the learners who viewed the video with the human hand present. Meanwhile, those who learned with the human hand present in the instructional video rated the instructor as being more humanlike and engaging. The results have implications for both theory and practice. Implications for those designing instructional videos are discussed, as well as the limitations of the current study.
Localized Instabilities in Fluids

Three-dimensional flows of an inviscid incompressible fluid are considered and it is demonstrated how the geometrical optics method can be used for investigating their stability. The evolution of localized short wavelength envelopes is analyzed and it is shown that their growth rate can be evaluated in terms of the growth rate of solutions of characteristic equations along stream lines of the basic flow. Analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, a local stability condition is obtained. By virtue of this condition it is shown that steady flows are unstable if they have points of stagnation; it is also shown that vortex rings without swirl with convex stream lines are unstable when the circulation decreases outward.
Upregulation of TET activity with ascorbic acid induces epigenetic modulation of lymphoma cells

The Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes have been found to be mutated in both diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and peripheral T-cell (PTCL) lymphomas resulting in DNA hypermethylation. Recent studies in embryonal stem cells showed that ascorbic acid (AA) is a cofactor for TET with a binding site at the catalytic domain, and enhances TET activity. We hypothesized that AA could potentially enhance TET activity in lymphoma cells to cause DNA demethylation, reactivate expression of tumor suppressor genes and enhance chemosensitivity. We demonstrate in vitro that AA treatment of DLBCL and PTCL cells using AA concentrations achievable intravenously increased TET activity leading to DNA demethylation. This epigenetic effect is independent of hydrogen peroxide. AA treatment increased the expression of SMAD1, a tumor suppressor gene known to be suppressed by methylation, and increased chemosensitivity of lymphoma cells. Twenty-nine percent (10/34) of unselected lymphoma patients had plasma AA levels that were deficient suggesting an additional clinical mechanism of TET hypofunction. These data indicate that AA has the potential to modify TET function in lymphoma and enhance chemosensitivity. In addition, the AA deficiency seen in some patients may further impair TET function and contribute to resistance. Clinical trials testing intravenous AA with chemotherapy are warranted.
Fantastic beasts and how to sequence them: genomic approaches for obscure model organisms.

Application of genomic approaches to "obscure model organisms" (OMOs), meaning species with little or no genomic resources, enables increasingly sophisticated studies of genomic basis of evolution, acclimatization and adaptation in real ecological context. Here, I aim to identify sequencing solutions and data handling techniques best suited for genomic analysis of OMOs.
A Study of Perceived Ethicality of Low Corporate Effective Tax Rates

SYNOPSIS: U.S. corporations have the ability to avoid paying domestic taxes to achieve an effective tax rate that is much lower than the statutory federal tax rate. This study evaluates the extent that individuals differ in their attitudes about the ethicality of corporations avoiding domestic taxes to achieve low effective tax rates. We also examine the extent to which the specific tax avoidance method used by corporations to access a low effective tax rate affects perceived ethicality. Eighty-two members of the general public and 112 accountants participated in an experiment with two participant groups and three tax avoidance methods manipulated randomly between subjects. The results indicate a significant interaction between participant group and tax avoidance method, with the general public considering shifting profits out of the country to achieve a low effective tax rate to be highly unethical, while the accountants find tax avoidance from carrying forward prior operating losses to be highly ethical...
The Influence of Hypothetical Death Scenarios on Multidimensional End-of-Life Care Preferences.

Background:Differences in end-of-life (EOL) care preferences (eg, location of death, use of life-sustaining treatments, openness to hastening death, etc) based on hypothetical death scenarios and a...
Flexible microelectrode array for interfacing with the surface of neural ganglia.

Objective: The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are promising nerve structures for sensory neural interfaces because they provide centralized access to primary afferent cell bodies and spinal reflex circuitry. In order to harness this potential, new electrode technologies are needed which take advantage of the unique properties of DRG, specifically the high density of neural cell bodies at the dorsal surface. Here we report initial ligin vivol/ig results from the development of a flexible non-penetrating polyimide electrode array interfacing with the surface of ganglia.&#13; &#13; Approach: Multiple layouts of a 64-channel iridium electrode (420 µmlsupg2l/supg) array were tested, with pitch as small as 25 µm. The buccal ganglia of invertebrate sea slug ligAplysia californical/ig were used to develop handling and recording techniques with ganglionic surface electrode arrays (GSEAs). We also demonstrated the GSEA's capability to record single- and multi-unit activity from feline lumbosacral DRG related to a variety of sensory inputs, including cutaneous brushing, joint flexion, and bladder pressure.&#13; &#13; Main results: We recorded action potentials from a variety of ligAplysial/ig neurons activated by nerve stimulation, and units were observed firing simultaneously on closely spaced electrode sites. We also recorded single- and multi-unit activity associated with sensory inputs from feline DRG. We utilized spatial oversampling of action potentials on closely-spaced electrode sites to estimate the location of neural sources at between 25 µm and 107 µm below the DRG surface. We also used the high spatial sampling to demonstrate a possible spatial sensory map of one feline's DRG. We obtained activation of sensory fibers with low-amplitude stimulation through individual or groups of GSEA electrode sites.&#13; &#13; Significance: Overall, the GSEA has been shown to provide a variety of information types from ganglia neurons and to have significant potential as a tool for neural mapping and interfacing.
Pushing the envelope in renal preservation; improved results with novel perfusate modifications for pulsatile machine perfusion of cadaver kidneys.

Abstract Introduction Novel preservation techniques may diminish ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our preservation laboratory has modified Belzer MPS (Trans-med, Elk River, Minn, USA) for machine perfusion (MP) with prostaglandin E1 (PGE 1), nitroglycerin (NTG), and polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) to attenuate I/R injury. We reviewed our recent experience using this novel formulation (NF) compared with standard perfusates. Results Between January 1998 and March 2000, 1060 consecutive kidneys were preserved in our laboratory. One hundred forty-eight kidneys (14%) were discarded. Fifty-eight percent of kidneys during this time period underwent MP (n = 532). En bloc kidney pairs were randomly assigned to pulsatile MP using Waters RM3 or MOX-100 perfusion systems using 1 of 3 perfusates; NF (NF; n = 119), Belzer MPS (MPS; n = 201), or Belzer II albumin gluconate (ALB; n = 212) Significant improvements in delayed graft function (DGF) rate were seen with NF versus other perfusates (8% vs 14% vs 19%, respectively; P = .03). At 6 months, graft survival was significantly improved with NF compared with MPS and ALB (96% vs 90% vs 87%, respectively; P = .03). NF also produced a significantly higher percentage of recipients with a serum creatinine level ≤1.5 mg/dL at 6 months posttransplant. Conclusions Novel modifications of standard MP perfusate improved outcomes after renal transplantation. Preservation-based interventions targeted to ameliorate I/R injury can improve outcomes and may allow expansion of the donor pool.
We are all amakwerekwere : #RhodesMustFall: nibbling at resilient colonialism in South Africa, by Francis Nyamnjoh, Cameroon, Langaa RPCIG, 2016, 310 pp., $34.00 (paperback), ISBN 978-9956763160

The slang term makwerekwere (amakwerekwere in its plural form) generally refers to a black African living in South Africa who is not of South African origin but appears to be so. The term is usuall...
Evolution in Our Everyday Lives

Dinner with Darwin: Food, Drink, and Evolution . By Jonathan Silvertown. 2017. University of Chicago Press. (ISBN 978-0-226-24539-3). 232 pp. Hardcover, $27.50. Nothing brings people together these days quite like good food and good company. Dinner with Darwin does an incredible job of inviting the reader to dinner but with a heavy side of science, specifically evolution, and does so in such a way as to invite Darwin himself to your table for a deeper conversation. While the book is not a collection of recipes and …
The Integration of Data Analytics to Assess Multi-Complex Environments of Research to Practices in Engineering Education

The integration of data analytics in engineering education to address technical requirements from a multi-complex environment perspective concept will explore areas of research to practices category in regards to the current work in progress using data analytics tools (e.g., IBM Watson Analytics). The results obtained from a multi-complex environment have aided students and improved their decision approach to quantify data accuracy and project requirements in education practices for predictive learning. In using the data sets developed from Watson Analytics, this assembly of display in multi-complex environments provided students with the ability to assess and understand the visual presentation to determine predictive models in data exploration. Data exploration was used to identify a research approach in the education assessment of the multi-complex environments of engineering students’ projects. The multi-complex environments and the variables assessment also provided insight with an understanding of project requirements and objectives using data visualization techniques and decision relationships gained from data exploration. This approach investigated the learning methods and decision practices through pattern recognition, educational objectives and course outcomes in specific multi-complex environments with efforts supporting research to practices. The integration of analytics tools with regard to decision-based learning allowed the engineering students the ability to forecast requirements and create new methods critical to their engineering design. This was significant due to the students’ ability to model decisions in a manner that experts had challenged engineering education using research to practices to address aspects of the multi-complex environments based on industry standards. This technique had also improved the practical implication for student learning and the decision methods to support research in engineering education with regard to predictive learning and modeling design methods.
Structure and Design of the Tele-ICU

In this chapter, we describe how to build a centralized tele-ICU program. We provide information regarding the various tele-ICU operational models, the roles of the tele-ICU staff, and the technological requirements. We provide suggestions for the optimal design of a tele-ICU hub and the ICUs participating in an ICU telemedicine program. We also describe what administrators and healthcare providers need to consider prior to starting a telemedicine program, common pitfalls, and few interesting cases of tele-ICU designs.
Predictors of Ventriculoperitoneal shunting following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage treated with External Ventricular Drainage

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is commonly associated with hydrocephalus due to subarachnoid hemorrhage blood products obstructing cerebrospinal fluid outflow. Hydrocephalus after aSAH is routinely managed with temporary external ventricular drainage (EVD) followed by standard EVD weaning protocols, which determine the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). We sought to investigate aSAH patients who initially passed EVD weaning trials and had EVD removal, but later presented with recurrent, delayed, symptomatic hydrocephalus requiring a VPS. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients at our tertiary care medical center who presented with aSAH, requiring an EVD. We analyzed variables associated with ultimate VPS dependency during hospitalization. We reviewed 489 patients with aSAH over a 6-year period (2008–2014). One hundred and thirty-eight (28.2%) developed hydrocephalus requiring a temporary EVD. Forty-four (31.9%) of these patients died or had withdrawal of care during admission, and were excluded from final analysis. Of the remaining 94 patients, 29 (30.9%) failed their clamp trial and required VPS. Sixty-five (69.1%) patients passed their clamp trial and were discharged without a VPS. However, 10 (15.4%) of these patients developed delayed hydrocephalus after discharge and ultimately required VPS [mean (range) days after discharge, 97.2 (35–188)]. Compared to early VPS, the delayed VPS group had a higher incidence of symptomatic vasospasm (90.0% vs 51.7%; P = 0.03). When comparing patients discharged from the hospital without VPS, delayed VPS patients also had higher 6- and 12-month mortality (P = 0.02) and longer EVD clamp trials (P < 0.01) than patients who never required VPS but had an EVD during hospitalization. Delayed hydrocephalus occurred in only 7.8% of patients who passed the initial EVD clamp trial, compared to 14.3% who failed the initial trial and 80.0% who failed 2 or more trials. Patients who failed their initial or subsequent EVD clamp trials had a small, but increased risk of developing delayed hydrocephalus ultimately requiring VPS. Additionally, the majority of patients who presented with delayed hydrocephalus also suffered symptomatic vasospasm. These associations should be further explored and validated in a larger prospective study.
Entrustment trends in orthotic and prosthetic residencies.

Background:Orthotic and prosthetic residency preceptors have little guidance transitioning residents between observing and performing patient care. Understanding current entrustment trends and fact...
Chapter 3 – Activity Design

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the concepts and methods of activity design. This is the first phase of design reasoning, in which the problems and opportunities of current practice are transformed into new ways of behaving. The emphasis is on the basic concepts and services of the new system. The goal of activity design is to specify system functionality. This can be seen as the “back end” of an application: what information it holds or accesses, the kinds of operations that are permitted based on this information, and the results that are returned by these operations. A virtual science fair is used to illustrate how to transform problem scenarios into activity design scenarios, using metaphor and technology exploration as a source of new ideas. The scope of activity design is the entire situation, including the physical and social characteristics of the environment. It helps to simplify and modularize design, and at the same time reinforces the centrality of users' needs and goals in the design of interactive systems. Reducing tedium and the physical steps of a task can increase user satisfaction, but designers must take care to respect and enhance (not remove) the aspects of work that are personally rewarding. Envisioning activity scenarios is tightly interleaved with the analysis of tradeoffs implied by the new design features under consideration. Taking a computational perspective on scenario objects may improve communication and crossfertilization between usability and software engineers.
Near-ideal Ru/N-polar GaN Schottky diode with ultralow reverse leakage

N-polar GaN based HEMTs have demonstrated superior performance for solid-state millimeter wave power amplifiers [1] , [2] . To further improve the high-frequency and high-power performance in N-polar GaN HEMTs, using a small gate length while preserving a good aspect ratio is critical. Currently, N-polar HEMTs utilize a thin gate dielectric to reduce gate leakage. This reduces the aspect ratio. Therefore, removing the gate dielectrics, i.e. using Schottky-HEMTs in N-polar GaN is very attractive to pursue highly scaled and high-performance devices. Previous studies [3] – [6] have shown that the barrier heights between the gate metals and N-polar GaN are relatively low and the reverse leakages may be too high to be used in practical Schottky-HEMTs. Here, we report the first investigation of ruthenium (Ru) on N-polar GaN Schottky barrier. The device shows near-ideal Schottky characteristic under reverse bias and forward bias . The barrier height values at various temperatures extracted from the forward bias region and the reverse bias region agree well. The extracted barrier height is 0.77 eV at room temperature. The reverse leakage is ultralow with ~10 -6 A/cm 2 at -5 V and follows ideal thermionic behavior .
EXPLORING THE GUALE VILLAGE AND SPANISH MISSION OCCUPATIONS AT THE SAPELO SHELL RING COMPLEX THROUGH BAYESIAN ANALYSIS

Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon (14C) dates in North American archaeology is increasing, especially among archaeologists working in deeper time. However, historical archaeologists have been slow to embrace these new techniques, and there have been only a few examples of the incorporation of calendar dates as informative priors in Bayesian models in such work in the United States. To illustrate the value of Bayesian approaches to sites with both substantial earlier Native American occupations as well as a historic era European presence, we present the results of our Bayesian analysis of 14C dates from the earlier Guale village and the Mission period contexts from the Sapelo Shell Ring Complex (9MC23) in southern Georgia. Jefferies and Moore have explored the Spanish Mission period deposits at this site to better understand the Native American interactions with the Spanish during the 16th and 17th centuries along the Georgia Coast. Given the results of our Bayesian modeling, we can say with some degree of confidence that the deposits thus far excavated and sampled contain important information dating to the 17th-century mission on Sapelo Island. In addition, our modeling of new dates suggests the range of the pre-Mission era Guale village. Based on these new dates, we can now say with some degree of certainty which of the deposits sampled likely contain information that dates to one of the critical periods of Mission period research, the AD 1660–1684 period that ushered in the close of mission efforts on the Georgia Coast.
Ankle Fracture in Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type 1

Ankle fractures account for approximately 9% of all adult fractures annually. The ankle anatomically is particularly vulnerable to significant skin compromise in the setting of trauma. Significant fracture blistering and soft tissue compromise is predominantly seen in high-energy ankle injuries. Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type I is a rare progressive neurological disorder resulting in distal sensory loss and autonomic disturbances with variable motor involvement. We present a case involving a hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type I patient with unexpected significant soft tissue injury on the background of a low energy ankle fracture. The aim was to outline the diagnosis and complex management considerations related to hereditary sensory neuropathic-associated ankle injuries.
Imperial Inca-style pottery from Ecuador: Insights into provenance and production using INAA and ceramic petrography

Abstract A signature element of the Inca Empire is the highly standardized assemblage of ceramic vessels found across the length and breadth of the imperial realm. The question of how such standardization was achieved has long intrigued Inca scholars and led to a growing number of investigations into the organization of imperial pottery production. The present study contributes to this body of research through a compositional analysis of Inca-style pottery recovered from various sites in Ecuador. The goal of the analysis was to gain insight into where imperial-style wares from this region were produced. The results of the study indicate that production of Inca-style vessels in the distant provinces was less regulated than in areas nearer the imperial center. This suggests that local potters may have been free to emulate imperial forms, but that certain standards of care in paste preparation may have nonetheless been followed to elevate the state-styles above local varieties.
Klaus Tiedemann: Business-Related Criminal Law in Europe: A Critical Inventory

An overview and critical analysis of the new developments of business related criminal law in Europe as of 2011 by the most prominent German specialist in the field.
Latina Paraeducators’ Stories of Resistance, Resilience, and Adaptation in an Alternative Route to Teaching Program:

Adichie asserts that “stories matter” because they help us to humanize and empower one another. Stories allow us to make sense of our experiences or the “lived stories” of our lives. This qualitati...
Use of Autologous Skin Cell Suspension for the Treatment of Hand Burns: A Pilot Study

Purpose Autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) is a valid alternative and adjunct to split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) for treating burns. Limited data exists regarding the use of ASCS for hand burns. We hypothesized that using ASCS in hand burns shortens healing time with no difference in complications and less donor site morbidity. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of second- and third-degree hand burns treated at a level 1 Trauma and Burn Center from 2017 to 2019. Study groups included patients with hand burns treated with ASCS in combination with STSG and those treated with STSG alone. Outcomes included time to re-epithelialization, return to work, length of hospital stay, and complications including reoperation, graft failure, and infection. Results Fifty-nine patients aged 14 to 85 years (mean age 39 ± 15 years) met inclusion criteria. The ASCS treatment group comprised 37 patients; STSG comprised 22 patients. Mean follow-up time was 14 ± 7 months. The ASCS treatment group had a larger mean percent total body surface area (TBSA) (22% ± 14% vs 6% ± 8%; P Conclusions ASCS is safe and effective in treating hand burns. ASCS was associated with similar rates of re-epithelialization, earlier return to work, and no difference in complications compared with STSG. Type of study/level of evidence: Therapeutic IV.
Whole-genome sequencing for myeloid disease: one assay to stratify them all?

Whole-genome sequencing of samples from patients with myeloid malignancies can enable more accurate risk stratification than is possible with conventional cytogenetics. Research by Duncavage et al. demonstrates that such an approach can now be delivered within several days using a highly streamlined and automated workflow.
Are Practitioners Equipped to Work With and Advocate for Members of the American Jewish Community? An Analysis of Discourse-Shaping Periodicals

American Jews represent a culturally distinct community that is increasingly victimized by hate crimes and other antisemitic acts. To determine the degree to which social work practitioners are equ...
Behavioral Analysis of Airway Deformation during Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy

Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) is a procedure that simulates natural sleep which allows medical experts to obtain a dynamic assessment of the upper airway to monitor and diagnose obstructed breathing. DISE diagnosis is based on visual examination of the obtained endoscopic images that uses a subjective scoring system to diagnose reoccurring obstructive respiratory events. Due to this subjectivity, objective measurements of breathing patterns and obstructions are difficult to reliably obtain. Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography (MRI/CT) scans are considered useful tools for both static and dynamic evaluation of OSA, but are both complex to perform and expensive. The lack of objective measurements causes difficulty for medical professionals for accurately understanding and examining the conditions of chronic airway conditions. In this work, we describe an integration of machine learning and DISE monocular video with Cine MRI data to construct dynamic 3D models, providing an objective measure of airway behaviors and conditions. Dynamic changes in airway dimensions that occur with the respiratory cycle during sleep can be reconstructed and represented by a 3D airway model for prognosis assistance. This approach for Upper Aerodigestive Tract (UAT) and laryngotracheal airway reconstruction is accomplished through image-to-surface modeling using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to integrate Cine MRI and video endoscopy. Results show that we are able to reconstruct the airway into 3D point-cloud data as well as model complex dynamics of airway surfaces.
Gynecologic oncologists: Surgeons and oncologists? Evaluating the clinical trial landscape by intervention type

Objectives: Clinical trials advance the standard of care in women with gynecologic malignancies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the types of trials being offered and the distribution of intervention type across disease site and geographic location. Methods: Clinical trials in gynecologic oncology were identified by searching ClinicalTrials.gov for the following cancer types: ovarian, uterine, endometrial, cervical, vaginal, and vulvar. Data collection was performed in February 2020. Data on these trials were downloaded from the website and supplemented with manual codification. We excluded trials that were currently active, duplicative and/or not enrolling patients with gynecologic malignancies. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: A total of 1882 trials met inclusion criteria; the majority of trials enrolled patients with ovarian cancer (n=1174), followed by cervical (n=585), endometrial (n=457), vulvar (n=102), and vaginal cancer (n=92), although trials often enrolled multiple disease sites. Drug/biologic interventions were most commonly evaluated accounting for 75.2% (n=1415) of trials. Of these, 340 (24.0%) enrolled patients with cervical cancer, and 989 (69.9%) enrolled patients with ovarian cancer. Overall, 7.2% (n=136) of trials involved a procedural or surgical intervention, the majority of which were related to cervical (n=56, 41.2%), endometrial (n=42, 30.9%), and ovarian (n=47, 34.6%) cancers (Figure 1). Trials were further divided into whether patients were enrolled within the United States and/or internationally. Procedural trials comprised 4.2% (n=45) of total trials domestically and 11.2% (n=91) internationally. The largest proportion of domestic procedural cancer trials enrolled patients with endometrial (n=15, 33.3%) and cervical cancers (n=14, 31.1%). International procedural trials were more likely to enroll patients with cervical (n=42, 46.2%) and ovarian cancers (n=29, 31.9%). Most clinical trials evaluated a therapeutic strategy (n=1389, 73.8%), but other open trials evaluated methods of prevention (n=170, 9.0%), supportive care options (n=119, 6.3%), and diagnosis (n=109, 5.8%). Download : Download high-res image (45KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: Clinical trials available to patients with gynecologic malignancies most commonly evaluate a biologic or drug rather than a surgical intervention. More trials evaluating a surgery or procedure were open internationally. As the field of gynecologic oncology evolves, it will be critical to ensure the interventions being evaluated maximally impact patient outcomes.
Making Connections: Combining Voice-Acting and Community Outreach. A Case Study in Coaching Challenges

In March 2020, members of the PlayMakers Repertory Company production of Julius Caesar (for which I served as vocal coach) gathered in the theatre. Instead of going backstage to prepare for the sec...
Social Justice: A Missing Link in A Literary Review of Successful Strategies Utilized by Principals for Retaining African American Teachers

Perceptions on leadership training to sustain teachers of color vary in approaches, ideologies, and values. However, what evidence is within the literature to depict what effective principals do to retain, in particular, African American teachers? In the present study, the authors have reviewed the literature from 2011-2020 through the lens of Critical Learning Theory. This examination led to an extrapolation of categories that indirectly embed social justice as a tool utilized for retaining African American teachers. Nevertheless, many well-known strategies utilized to promote the retention of present-day African American teachers do not include this motivating call-to-action within the parameters of their approach or training of principals. Social justice is an effective tool for supporting Generation X students who willfully and actively participate in digital and physical campaigns against systematic racial injustice. Therefore, educational leaders should transcend authoritative leadership and systematic racism with social justice as a pivotal strategy for teachers of color.
Systematic review and Meta-analysis: One-year outcomes of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy for refractory gastroparesis.

BACKGROUND Several studies have examined the efficacy of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) for gastroparesis. AIM To evaluate the mid-term efficacy of G-POEM by meta-analysis of studies with a minimum 1 year of follow-up. METHODS We reviewed several databases from inception to 10 June 2021 to identify studies that evaluated the efficacy of G-POEM in refractory gastroparesis, and had at least 1 year of follow-up. Our outcomes of interest were clinical success at 1 year, adverse events, difference in mean pre- and 1 year post-procedure Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) score, and difference in mean pre- and post-procedure EndoFLIP measurements. We analysed data using a random-effects model and assessed heterogeneity by I2 statistic. RESULTS We included 10 studies comprising 482 patients. Pooled rates (95% CI) of clinical success at 1 year and adverse events were 61% (49%, 71%) and 8% (6%, 11%), respectively. Mean GCSI at 1 year post-procedure was significantly lower than pre-procedure; mean difference (MD) (95% CI) -1.4 (-1.9, -0.9). Mean post-procedure distensibility index was significantly higher than pre-procedure in the clinical success group at 40 and 50 mL volume distension; standardised mean difference (95% CI) 0.82 (0.07, 1.64) and 0.91 (0.32, 1.49), respectively. In the clinical failure group, there was no significant difference between mean pre- and post-procedure EndoFLIP measurements. CONCLUSIONS G-POEM is associated with modest clinical success at 1 year. Additional studies with longer follow-up are required to evaluate its longer-term efficacy.
Evaluation of the Enterococcus faecalis biofilm-associated virulence factors AhrC and Eep in rat foreign body osteomyelitis and in vitro biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance

Enterococcus faecalis can cause healthcare-associated biofilm infections, including those of orthopedic devices. Treatment of enterococcal prosthetic joint infection is difficult, in part, due to biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance. We previously showed that the E. faecalis OG1RF genes ahrC and eep are in vitro biofilm determinants and virulence factors in animal models of endocarditis and catheter-associated urinary tract infection. In this study, we evaluated the role of these genes in a rat acute foreign body osteomyelitis model and in in vitro biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance. Osteomyelitis was established for one week following the implantation of stainless steel orthopedic wires inoculated with E. faecalis strains OG1RF, ΩahrC, and ∆eep into the proximal tibiae of rats. The median bacterial loads recovered from bones and wires did not differ significantly between the strains at multiple inoculum concentrations. We hypothesize that factors present at the infection site that affect biofilm formation, such as the presence or absence of shear force, may account for the differences in attenuation in the various animal models we have used to study the ΩahrC and ∆eep strains. No differences among the three strains were observed in the planktonic and biofilm antimicrobial susceptibilities to ampicillin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and tetracycline. These findings suggest that neither ahrC nor eep directly contribute to E. faecalis biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance. Notably, the experimental evidence that the biofilm attachment mutant ΩahrC displays biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance suggests that surface colonization alone is sufficient for E. faecalis cells to acquire the biofilm antimicrobial resistance phenotype.
Development of the prosodic features of infant vocalizing.

Developmental changes in the prosodic features of infant vocalizing were studied with novel electroacoustic techniques. Complete and continuous recordings of all the vocalizations of two infants du...
Reflections-free wave propagation at the interface of photonic topological insulators: Theory and experiment

A comprehensive library of photonic topological insulators (gyromagnetic, bianisotropic, and 2D-asymmetric) is established. An interface between any two of them supports reflectionless surface waves, as is experimental demonstrated for wave propagation along a zigzag interface.
Characterization of illudin S sensitivity in DNA repair-deficient chinese hamster cells: Unusually high sensitivity of ercc2 and ercc3 DNA helicase-deficient mutants in comparison to other chemotherapeutic agents

Illudins, novel natural products with a structure unrelated to any other known chemical, display potent in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity against even multi-drug resistant tumors, and are metabolically activated to an unstable intermediate that binds to DNA. The DNA damage produced by illudins, however, appears to differ from that of other known DNA damaging toxins. The sensitivity pattern of the various UV-sensitive cell lines differs from previously studied DNA cross-linking agents. Normally, the ERCC1- (excision repair cross complementing) and ERCC4-deficient cell lines are most sensitive to DNA cross-linking agents, with ERCC2-, ERCC3- and ERCC5-deficient cell lines having minimal sensitivity. With illudins the pattern is reversed, with ERCC2 and ERCC3 being the most sensitive. The sensitivity to illudins in complementation groups 1 through 3 is due to a deficiency of the ERCC1-3 gene products, as cellular drug accumulation studies revealed no differences in transport capacity or total drug accumulation. Also, a transgenic cell line in which ERCC2 activity was expressed through an expression vector regained its relative resistance to the illudins. The EM9 cell line, which displays sensitivity to monoadduct producing chemicals, was not sensitive. Thus, excision repair is involved in repair of illudin-induced damage and, unlike other anti-cancer agents, the involvement of ERCC2 and ERCC3 helicases is critical for repair to occur. The requirement for ERCC2 and ERCC3, combined with the finding that ERCC1 but not ERCC2 is upregulated in drug-resistant tumors, may explain the efficacy of illudins against drug-resistant tumors. The inhibition of DNA synthesis in cells within minutes after exposure to illudins at nanomolar concentrations may be related to the finding that the ERCC3 gene product is actually the p89 helicase component of the BTF2 (TFII) basic transcription factor and the high sensitivity of ERCC3-deficient cells to illudins.
Gold for Collectors by Scott Werschky and Carles Curto with photographs by Joaquim Callen. Mineral Up Editions, Barcelona, Spain; www.mineralup.net/gold. 265 pages; 2014; $100 (hardbound).

Gold for Collectors is the latest coffee-table book to appear that is devoted to one or more segments of the mineral or gem collecting world. It is clearly intended to be a photographic essay on fi...
Enhancing Student Engagement In A Multidisciplinary, First-Year Experience Course

Three faculty members from three different professional disciplines outline strategies to engage first-year students in a team-taught, multidisciplinary first-year experience course. The theme of the discussed section is titled food for thought…and action. Assignments are grounded in theories of cooperative and experiential learning. Tentative outcomes and students’ reactions are shared. Practical suggestions are included for educators who wish to implement comparable initiatives at their respective institutions.
Dynamic bound generation for constraint-driven routing

We propose a technique to update dynamically the bounds used during constraint-driven routing. Moderate bound violations are allowed as long as no constraint violations are induced. Adaptive net scheduling is made possible during routing, so that nets requiring an implementation with large parasitics can take advantage of the margin made available to them by other parameters maintained within their own bounds. The user is provided with a quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the tool in enforcing the set of constraints on the given design.
FURTHER STUDIES ON GENE POLYMORPHISM IN THE MAINBODY AND GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA

We have examined polymorphism at 22 additional loci in the populations from the mainbody of Drosophila pseudoobscura and an isolated population from Bogota, Colombia, which also shows partial reproductive isolation from mainbody populations. These studies extend our previous observations of reduced gene polymorphism and apparent lack of unique allele in the Bogota population.
Substance P and the sensory innervation of intracranial and extracranial feline cephalic arteries. Implications for vascular pain mechanisms in man.

Substance P, a putative neurotransmitter peptide present in a subpopulation of small sensory neurons, was measured in the walls of feline cranial arteries and systemic veins and arteries using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Substance P immunoreactivity exhibited a retention time identical to that of synthetic substance P when vessel extracts were subjected to reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Levels in cephalic arteries (453-1083 fmol/mg protein) were at least twice as high as amounts in systemic arteries and veins, and were significantly higher than those measured in the cornea and lip. Unilateral excision of the trigeminal ganglion decreased the peptide by 44 to 86 per cent in ipsilateral intracranial and extracranial arteries (e.g. external and internal maxillary, lingual, temporal, anterior, middle and posterior cerebral, superior cerebellar and posterior communicating arteries). Extracranial arteries were decreased on average by 78 per cent, whereas intracranial arteries were reduced by 55 per cent. Unilateral removal of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion was without effect. The described pattern of sensory innervation provides a possible explanation for the referral of pain to the forehead and anterior scalp during attacks of migraine, and with arteritis and thrombosis involving vascular structures within the posterior fossa, the circle of Willis and the external carotid system of man.
Orbit and position determination for Mars orbiters and landers

Statistical orbit and position determination for Mars orbiters and landers based on Viking 1973 mission requirements, discussing tracking problems
Exploring the Concept of “Ownership” in Natural Resource Planning

ABSTRACT Literature associated with natural resource planning reveals that in situations characterized as wicked (i.e., those to which there is great uncertainty about cause–effect relationships and where values and goals are conflicting or competing), traditional planning processes that emphasize technical analysis and limit citizen involvement often create tensions between citizens and agencies in the form of inaction, distrust, litigation, and occasionally even threats and violence. A new concept is emerging that describes the potential for individuals to address wicked situations. The term is “ownership” and has been defined as responsibility, obligation, and caring imbued by individuals in problem situations. We expand this definition to include three characteristics: ownership in process (whose voice is heard), ownership in outcome (whose voice is codified), and the ownership distribution (who is affected by the action). Ownership involves the association of citizens and agencies to collectively def...
Detecting and identifying people in mobile videos

In this paper, we propose a system capable of detecting and identifying people in videos captured by smart phones. We discuss the challenges to extend existing location aware multimedia applications from annotating static landmarks in distance to annotating dynamic people in close range with significant pose variations. We propose to use a hybrid video and RF tracking system to enable accurate observer and target localization, and extract part models comprised of Maximally Stable Color Regions for each target. The model can efficiently detect possible positions of targets in the video, which are then used as dynamic landmarks to calibrate the camera orientation. Finally, positions of all targets in the video are jointly estimated using both visual features and spatial constraints. Experiments show that our approach can locate identified targets in video with significantly higher accuracy than back-projection using camera orientation estimations from accelerometers and magnetometers.
Fullerene-structured nanowires of silicon

Silicon vapor from a magnetron sputter source was deposited onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, resulting in the formation of nanoscale wires. The structures were analyzed by scanning tunneling microscopy. The wires are from 3 to 7 nm in diameter and at least 100 nm long. They tend to be assembled parallel in bundles. In order to understand the observed quasi-one-dimensional structures, diamondlike and fullerenelike wire models are constructed. Molecular-orbit calculations yield binding energies and band gaps of such structures, and lead us to propose a fullerene-type ${\mathrm{Si}}_{24}$-based atomic configuration for nanowires of silicon.
A large system of Flash ADCs for a neutrino detector

Abstract A large system of 5760 Flash ADCs was used to instrument proportional drift tubes in a neutrino detector. The system uses a common clock source, is data driven, and builds the data stream in hardware. The design, construction, operation, and performance of this system is described.
Genetic variation in P450c11AS in Chilean patients with low renin hypertension.

Low renin hypertension (LRH), which accounts for 10-20% of patients with idiopathic "essential" hypertension, bears hormonal similarities to mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension, but elevated mineralocorticoid concentrations have not been found. Some patients with LRH have normal, rather than suppressed, plasma aldosterone concentrations, so that the ratio of aldosterone concentration to PRA (Aldo/PRA) is high, suggesting inappropriately increased aldosterone biosynthesis. We characterized the CYP11B2 gene that encodes the aldosterone synthase, P450c11AS, in hypertensive and control populations in a single clinic in Santiago, Chile. We directly sequenced the entire CYP11B2 gene in 12 patients with LRH, 2 high renin hypertensive controls, and 2 normotensive controls. All sequences were identical, except that 8 of 24 LRH alleles encoded arginine rather than lysine at position 173. The Arg173 and Lys173 variants were expressed in transfected MA-10 cells, and their ability to convert deoxycorticosterone to ...