cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond Bullies and Victims: Using Case Story Analysis and Freirean Insight to Address Academic Mobbing

Khoo (2010) defines academic mobbing as “a non-violent, sophisticated, ‘ganging up’ behaviour adopted by academicians to ‘wear and tear’ a colleague down emotionally through unjustified accusation, humiliation, general harassment and emotional abuse” (p. 61). Academic mobbing involves the cultivation of norms that reinforce a sense of belonging that is explicitly connected with a concomitant consciousness – and validation – of “othering.” While the behaviors associated with academic mobbing must be identified and addressed, without focusing on the underlying cultural contexts, the problem will not be resolved. Case story analysis offers the potential to examine and ameliorate academic mobbing in ways that complicate the roles of participants and provide a safe means of investigating causal forces without essentializing (or revealing) identities. This article offers an explanation of case story analysis, particularly as it applies to academic mobbing. The analysis will be coupled with “on the ground” experiences of academic mobbing and conclude with the possibilities of using case story analysis as a means of reculturing, with the ultimate aim of creating workplaces that reflect principles of social justice.
Framenet meets the semantic web: lexical semantics for the web

This paper describes FrameNet [9,1,3], an online lexical resource for English based on the principles of frame semantics [5,7,2]. We provide a data category specification for frame semantics and FrameNet annotations in an RDF-based language. More specifically, we provide an RDF markup for lexical units, defined as a relation between a lemma and a semantic frame, and frame-to-frame relations, namely Inheritance and Subframes. The paper includes simple examples of FrameNet annotated sentences in an XML/RDF format that references the project-specific data category specification.
Relationship of Physical Activity and Healthy Eating with Mortality and Incident Heart Failure among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Normal Body Mass Index.

Aims Normal body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower mortality and may be achieved by physical activity (PA), healthy eating (HE), or both. We examined the association of PA and HE with mortality and incident heart failure (HF) among 2040 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years with baseline BMI 18.5 to 24.99 kg/m2 during 13 years of follow-up in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Methods and results Baseline PA was defined as ≥500 weekly metabolic equivalent task-minutes and HE as ≥5 daily servings of vegetable and fruit intake. Participants were categorized into four groups: (i) PA−/HE− (n = 384); (ii) PA−/HE+ (n = 162); (iii) PA+/HE− (n = 992); and (iv) PA+/HE+ (n = 502). Participants had a mean age of 74 (±6) years, mean BMI of 22.6 (±1.5) kg/m2, 61% were women, and 4% African American. Compared with PA−/HE−, age-sex-race-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality for PA−/HE+, PA+/HE−, and PA+/HE+ groups were 0.96 (0.76–1.21), 0.61 (0.52–0.71), and 0.62 (0.52–0.75), respectively. These associations remained unchanged after multivariable adjustment and were similar for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortalities. Respective demographic-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident HF among 1954 participants without baseline HF were 1.21 (0.81–1.81), 0.71 (0.54–0.94), and 0.71 (0.51–0.98). These latter associations lost significance after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion Among community-dwelling older adults with normal BMI, physical activity, regardless of healthy eating, was associated with lower risk of mortality and incident HF, but healthy eating had no similar protective association in this cohort.
10INMOLECULAR IMAGING: ARE WE ABLE TO PREDICT FOR RESIDUAL DISEASE?

ABSTRACT Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasingly being used in the treatment of primary breast cancer, results in tumor down-staging with more women achieving breast conserving surgery (BCS) and complete pathological response (pCR) with concomitant improvements in survival. Imaging has an important role in the evaluation of effectiveness to NAC: determining response and the extent of residual disease. Both are important with regards to planning BCS for appropriate patients; and if pCR could be predicted then surgery could be avoided. Multiple imaging methods including mammography, ultrasound, MRI, PET-CT and others have been evaluated for their ability to assess the effectiveness of NAC. Mammographic and ultrasound findings have poor correlations with pathological results and increasingly, molecular imaging methods are being used to assess therapy effectiveness. Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI has been the most studied vascular imaging technique that can potentially distinguish residual invasive tumor and non-vascularised fibrosis at the end of therapy. When used early in the course of NAC, DCE-MRI can identify potential non-responders who might benefit from treatment changes. Because DCE-MRI evaluates vascularity not cell viability, its sensitivity following NAC may be limited. Diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) directly evaluates cellularity and maybe better at addressing the extent of residual active disease, but spatial resolution is currently limiting. PET-CT with the glucose analogue FDG has been shown to predict eventual pathologic response when done after 1 or 2 courses of NAC but is rarely used in practise. Indeed, seemingly paradoxical results with increased FDG uptake with anti-ER treatments can be a prelude to eventual treatment success. There is very little experience using other molecular PET tracers targeting HER-2 or ER because of their lack of availability. Molecular imaging shows potential for predicting and evaluating therapy effects of NAC that could effect subsequent treatments including BCS and adjuvant treatments. Mechanism based investigations with regards to breast cancer biologic sub-types, targeted therapy combinations and therapy timing are warranted. Disclosure: The author has declared no conflicts of interest.
A cerebral blood flow evaluation during cognitive tasks following a cervical spinal cord injury: a case study using transcranial Doppler recordings

A spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most common neurological disorders. In this paper, we examined the consequences of upper SCI in a male participant on the cerebral blood flow velocity. In particular, transcranial Doppler was used to study these effects through middle cerebral arteries (MCA) during resting-state periods and during cognitive challenges (non-verbal word-generation tasks and geometric-rotation tasks). Signal characteristics were analyzed from raw signals and envelope signals (maximum velocity) in the time domain, the frequency domain and the time-frequency domain. The frequency features highlighted an increase of the peak frequency in L-MCA and R-MCA raw signals, which revealed stronger cerebral blood flow during geometric/verbal processes respectively. This underlined a slight dominance of the right hemisphere during word-generation periods and a slight dominance of the left hemisphere during geometric processes. This finding was confirmed by cross-correlation in the time domain and by the entropy rate in information-theoretic domain. A comparison of our results to other neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury) showed that the SCI had similar effects such as general decreased cerebral blood flow and similar regular hemispheric dominance in a few cases.
Mandatory annuity design in developing economies

This paper explores the appropriate development of policy towards mandatory, retirement income streams within this broad framework, paying particular attention to the economic environments relevant to developing economies. After a review of existing practices, numerical simulation techniques are used, to show how a modest, government-funded pension scheme, and appropriate annuity design in the mandatory funded sector, might sensibly be combined.
Types of quantum information

Quantum, in contrast to classical, information theory, allows for different incompatible types (or species) of information which cannot be combined with each other. Distinguishing these incompatible types is useful in understanding the role of the two classical bits in teleportation (or one bit in one-bit teleportation), for discussing decoherence in information-theoretic terms, and for giving a proper definition, in quantum terms, of “classical information.” Various examples (some updating earlier work) are given of theorems which relate different incompatible kinds of information, and thus have no counterparts in classical information theory.
On bounded-input-bounded-output stability of a certain class of nonlinear sampled data systems

Abstract A sufficient condition for absolute stability in the bounded-input-bounded-output sense for a class of nonlinear sampled-data systems is obtained. The stability theorem yields a Popov-type frequency domain test on the linear plant. The obtained criterion is identical to the criterion that establishes absolute stability for the same class of autonomous nonlinear sampled-data systems.
A Role for Actin, Cdc1p, and Myo2p in the Inheritance of Late Golgi Elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Golgi elements are present in the bud very early in the cell cycle. We have analyzed this Golgi inheritance process using fluorescence microscopy and genetics. In rapidly growing cells, late Golgi elements show an actin-dependent concentration at sites of polarized growth. Late Golgi elements are apparently transported into the bud along actin cables and are also retained in the bud by a mechanism that may involve actin. A visual screen for mutants defective in the inheritance of late Golgi elements yielded multiple alleles of CDC1. Mutations in CDC1 severely depolarize the actin cytoskeleton, and these mutations prevent late Golgi elements from being retained in the bud. The efficient localization of late Golgi elements to the bud requires the type V myosin Myo2p, further suggesting that actin plays a role in Golgi inheritance. Surprisingly, early and late Golgi elements are inherited by different pathways, with early Golgi elements localizing to the bud in a Cdc1p- and Myo2p-independent manner. We propose that early Golgi elements arise from ER membranes that are present in the bud. These two pathways of Golgi inheritance in S. cerevisiae resemble Golgi inheritance pathways in vertebrate cells.
Diversity and stability in a street tree population

Abstract The relationship of species diversity to the stability of a street tree population is explored, using data from Syracuse, NY. Because streetside spaces are complexly-stressed environments, one generally observes that relatively few species prove wide adaptation and good longevity in a particular community, and that there is greater species diversity among recently planted trees than among older trees in the population. The few species surviving to be well represented among the older trees are likely to be better prospects for contributing to population stability in the uncertain future than are short-lived, ill-adapted, or little-tested species that may be added to increase diversity. Population stability depends on species adaptation to the diversity of streetside conditions in a community over time, rather than on species diversity per se. Good age diversity, to provide adequate successful replacements, is essential for population stability. Undue emphasis on species diversity in replacement plantings may further threaten stability by causing inadequate replacement of the proven adapted species in the older population.
COMMUNITY COLLEGES IN MISSOURI: FROM COMMUNITY LUXURY TO ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL NECESSITY

This article reviews the development of community colleges in Missouri with emphasis on four seminal events: enabling legislation in 1961, a change in state oversight from secondary to postsecondary education in 1974, a 1990 change from a credit hour‐based formula to “base‐plus,” and the decision to hire full‐time lobbying support. Each of these events is analyzed for its effect on the evolution of 2‐year colleges in Missouri from a loose confederation of semiautonomous junior colleges toward an integrated system. The article also reviews how these benchmark events have shaped the agenda for the future of community colleges in Missouri.
Low-Dimensional Sagittal Plane Model of Normal Human Walking

This paper applies a robotics-inspired approach to derive a low-dimensional forward-dynamic hybrid model of human walking in the sagittal plane. The low-dimensional model is derived as a subdynamic of a higher-dimensional anthropomorphic hybrid model. The hybrid model is composed of models for single support (SS) and double support (DS), with the transition from SS to DS modeled by a rigid impact to account for the impact at heel-contact. The transition from DS to SS occurs in a continuous manner. Existing gait data are used to specify, via parametrization, the low-dimensional model that is developed. The primary result is a one-degree-of-freedom model that is an exact subdynamic of the higher-dimensional anthropomorphic model and describes the dynamics of walking. The stability properties of the model are evaluated using the method of Poincare. The low-dimensional model is validated using the measured human gait data. The validation demonstrates the observed stability of the measured gait.
Falls in multiple sclerosis.

Objective To examine incidence, associated factors, and health care provider (HCP) response to falls in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Design Cross-sectional retrospective design. Setting Community setting. Participants Four hundred seventy-four persons with MS. Methods Mailed survey questionnaire examined incidence, risk factors, and HCP response to falls in persons with MS who were dwelling in the community. Univariate and multiple ordinal regression analysis identified variables associated with single and multiple falls. Main Outcome Measurements Falls, causes and perceived reasons for falls, and HCP response. Results A total of 265 participants (58.2%) reported one or more falls in the previous 6 months, and 58.5% of falls were medically injurious. Trips/slips while walking accounted for 48% of falls. Factors associated with falls included use of a cane or walker (odds ratio [OR] 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66-4.14), income Conclusions Factors associated with falls in persons with MS are similar to those in other populations with neurologic diseases. Despite the high incidence of falls, fewer than 50% of people with MS receive information about prevention of falls from an HCP.
Dynamics of behavioral risk factors for HIV/AIDS: a 6-year prospective study of injection drug users

This prospective study of 2960 injection drug users investigated the dynamic nature of HIV behavioral risk factors between 1988 and 1994. Behavioral risks were assessed semi-annually. Robust regression models of time-dependent covariates were used to identify longitudinal predictors of behavior change. Maintenance of risky behaviors varied over time, with risk reduction seen more among HIV infected participants than among HIV seronegatives. Those at highest risk for HIV transmission were least likely to cease engaging in these behaviors. Interventions staged according to risk behaviors, targeting incremental risk reduction rather than only promoting abstinence, may be more successful in reducing HIV transmission among drug injectors.
Embedding expression: Pervasive computing architecture for art and entertainment

Pervasive computing's historical driver applications include environmental monitoring, safety and security, home and office productivity and guided experience of cultural activities. It also suggests and offers the means to achieve new types of expression in art and entertainment, which has not been a significant area of research despite its cultural and socio-economic importance and unique requirements. This paper discusses motivations and requirements for a pervasive computing architecture for expression, and it presents a specific approach being developed at UCLA in collaboration among research groups in engineering, theater, film and television. .
Virulence of Different Isolates and Formulations of Beauveria bassiana for House Flies and the Parasitoid Muscidifurax raptor

Abstract Adult house flies (Musca domestica) were susceptible (94-100% mortality) to Beauveria bassiana when conidia of the Hf88 isolate were applied to plywood boards at 107 conidia/cm2; a starch dust formulation was more effective than a liquid suspension. Adult flies were also susceptible (90-99% mortality) to this isolate when they were con fined with treated water (108 conidia/ml) or food (108 conidia/100 mg). House fly larvae were not affected by treatments with up to 108 conidia/cm3 of rearing medium. A 2-year survey of house flies cm from New York dairies indicated that most natural infections of house flies occurred in September and October, although prevalence rates never exceeded 1%. Thirteen single-fly isolates obtained during this survey were compared with the Hf88 isolate for virulence against flies; the 2 most virulent isolates were slightly more virulent for flies than for the fly parasitoid Muscidifurax raptor. Incorporation of conidia into a sucrose bait (108 conidia/100 mg) in cages gave high levels of house fly control (78-100% mortality) 5 days after exposure.
Infection as cause of stroke A contagious idea that may explain racial disparity

In the aftermath of an acute cardiovascular event such as stroke, patients and families frequently ask whether preceding circumstances such as viral illnesses, stress, and other medical or surgical events brought on the disease. Although it seems intuitive to patients and families that acute precipitants or disease triggers play a substantial role, the evidence to support this concept has accumulated slowly.1,2 Support for acute systemic infection as a trigger of stroke, a particularly interesting hypothesis, continues to grow.3 The potential mechanisms underlying such a relationship include systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the clotting system by infectious organisms or the systemic response to them.4,5
The x-ray fluorescence measurement of surface uranium on oxidized fuel elements

Abstract When a uranium nuclear fuel material clad witli an Fe- 25 Cr- 4 Al- 1 Y alloy is tested in an oxidizing environment at elevated temperatures, uranium diffuses through the clad and deposits on the surface of the specimen. A method has been developed whereby the amount of uranium per unit area on the surface of the specimen can be determined by X-ray fluorescence measurement. Synthetic specimens can be prepared by vapor-depositing uranium metal on Scotch tape and applying this tape to a solid piece of the alloy. The method described is accurate to ±5% relative and has a lower detection limit of about 30 μg U/(cm 2 × 150 μ).
Ras Protects Rb Family Null Fibroblasts from Cell Death A ROLE FOR AP-1

The retinoblastoma protein (Rb) controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and senescence and provides an essential tumor suppressive function that cells must eliminate to attain unlimited proliferative potential. Elimination of the Rb pathway also results in apoptosis, however, thereby providing an efficient surveillance mechanism to sense the loss of Rb. To become tumorigenic cells must thus overcome not only Rb function but also the apoptotic response caused by the loss of Rb function. We show that oncogenic Ras (RasV12) potently blocks cell death in Rb family member knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts (TKO cells). Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Raf by oncogenic Ras mediated this protection, implying that multiple Ras effector pathways are required, in concert, for this pro-survival signal. Although activation of Raf by selective Ras mutants protected TKO cells from cell death, pharmacologic inhibition of MEK had little effect on RasV12 protection, suggesting that a Raf-dependent, MEK-independent pathway was important for this effect. We show that this Raf-dependent protection occurred through activation of c-Jun and thus AP-1 activation. These observations could account for the dependence of Ras transformation on c-Jun activity and for the roles of AP-1 in oncogenesis. Our results support the concept of two oncogenic events cooperating to achieve a balance between immortalization and survival.
Derivatives and FORTRAN subroutines for a least-squares analysis of the hyperbolic distribution

Size distributions of wind- and water-deposited sands apparently follow the hyperbolic distribution. First partial derivatives for parameters of that distribution, and the distribution function, are programmed as FORTRAN subroutines compatible with a previously published generalized FORTRAN main program for nonlinear estimation using regression methods. Integrated program elements thus yield least-squares estimates of distribution parameters.
MRI-Safe Robot for Endorectal Prostate Biopsy

This paper reports the development of an MRI-Safe robot for direct (interventional) MRI-guided endorectal prostate biopsy. The robot is constructed of nonmagnetic and electrically nonconductive materials, and is electricity free, using pneumatic actuation and optical sensors. Targeting biopsy lesions of MRI abnormality presents substantial clinical potential for the management of prostate cancer. This paper describes MRI-Safe requirements and presents the kinematic architecture, design, and construction of the robot, and a comprehensive set of preclinical tests for MRI compatibility and needle targeting accuracy. The robot has a compact and simple three degree-of-freedom (DoF) structure, two for orienting a needle-guide and one to preset the depth of needle insertion. The actual insertion is performed manually through the guide and up to the preset depth. To reduce the complexity and size of the robot next to the patient, the depth setting DoF is remote. Experimental results show that the robot is safe to use in any MRI environment (MRI-Safe). Comprehensive MRI tests show that the presence and motion of the robot in the MRI scanner cause virtually no image deterioration or signal-to-noise ratio change. Robot's accuracy in bench test, CT-guided in-vitro, MRI-guided in-vitro , and animal tests are 0.37, 1.10, 2.09, and 2.58 mm, respectively. These values are acceptable for clinical use.
Existence of ground states and KMS states for approximately inner dynamics

A strongly continuous one parameter group of *-automorphisms of aC*-algebra with unit is said to be approximately inner if it can be approximated strongly by inner one parameter groups of *-automorphisms. It is shown that an approximately inner one parameter group of *-automorphisms has a ground state and, if there exists a trace state, a KMS state for all inverse temperatures. It follows that quantum lattice systems have ground states and KMS states. Conditions that a strongly continuous one parameter group of *-automorphisms of a UHF algebra be approximately inner are given in terms of the unbounded derivation which generates the automorphism group.
The Human Development Center: An Interdisciplinary Learning Experience

We encourage our readers to submit ideas, suggestions, or manuscripts for Spotlight. This feature of Intervention focuses on a specific school program, clinic, camp, or individual concerned with special and remedial education. We would be pleased to assist our readers in developing an article for this column.-GW
Elongation of [110]-gold nanowires along low symmetry tensile axes

Abstract The evolution and breaking of [110]-gold nanowires elongated along low symmetry tensile axes was investigated under static conditions using density functional theory, and compared to high-symmetry results. The use of low symmetry tensile axes led to more significant slip and, in general, much larger atomic rearrangements than those that were observed under high symmetry deformation conditions. Large structural changes were observed during the elongation, corresponding to a rich diversity of deformation pathways. Most of those pathways included the formation of self-ordered, stable, intermediate structures. However, all of the deformation pathways ultimately converged to a single, local configuration (a single atom chain) before the breaking of the nanowire, and they all broke with reproducible breaking strengths, in agreement with experimental results.
Kynurenic acid as an antagonist of hippocampal excitatory transmission

Kynurenate, an endogenous tryptophan metaboite, was bath-applied to hippocampal slices while recording extracellular synaptic field potentials. Kynurenate antagonized the medial and lateral entorhinal projections to dentate granule cells, the Schaffer collateral projections to CA1 pyramidal cells, and inputs to the CA3 stratum radiatum of regio inferior with similar potencies. Concentration-response curves for these pathways paralleled theoretical antagonist curves with a Hill coefficient of 1, and theKds were in the range of 130–400 μM. Projections to the stratum lucidum of regio inferior were much less sensitive to kynurenate. Inputs to CA3 pyramidal cells showed varying sensitivities to kynurenate,l-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoic acid (l-APB), and (-)-baclofen depending on the placements of the stimulating and recording electrodes. When both electrodes were located in area CA3, outside the hilus of area dentata, all responses were insensitive to inhibition byl-APB. Under these conditions, responses recorded within the stratum radiatum were sensitive to inhibition by kynurenate and baclofen, while responses recorded within the stratum lucidum were insensitive to these drugs. When the stimulating electrode was placed within the hilus of area dentata, variable patterns of sensitivity to APB, baclofen, and kynurenate were observed from recording electrodes in area CA3. These results suggest that stimulation in the hilus, while recording in the stratum lucidum, produces responses that show composite effects resulting both from direct stimulation of mossy fibers and from stimulation of neuronal elements in the hilus which produce outputs to mossy fibers.
An N.M.R. study of complexes in acetonitrile solutions of aluminium chloride

High resolution proton N.M.R. and broadline 27Al N.M.R. studies have been made in very pure 1 M AlCl3/acetonitrile (AN) solutions containing various concentrations of LiCl. In addition to the observation of additional peaks in the proton spectrum due to coordination of AN, two aluminium resonances were found in 1 M AlCl3/AN. These two resonances are interpreted in terms of two aluminium containing species, one of which coordinates with acetonitrile, while the other is a Cl- complex. Addition of LiCl to 1 M AlCl3/AN decreases the population of the coordinating species relative to the non-coordinating species, showing that the Cl- complexing interaction is stronger than the coordination interaction. This information has been used in determining the coordination number of Al3+ ions in 1 M AlCl3/acetonitrile.
Evidence for in vitro senescence of T-lymphocytes cultured from normal human peripheral blood

Long-term T-cell cultures from 15 donors of various ages were established using T-cell growth factor (TCGF). The donors were divided in equal numbers into three age groups, under 40, 40 to 80 and over 80 years of age. The cell cultures showed a growth pattern similar to the Hayflick Phenomenon observed in the cultured human fibroblasts with a limited total number of doublings. Cell cultures from younger groups grew longer with higher total number of doublings. The total number of doublings averaged 16.5, 12.2 and 6.5 for the cultured cells obtained from donors under 40, 40 to 80 and over 80 years of age respectively.
The clinical significance of preschool depression: impairment in functioning and clinical markers of the disorder.

Objective While much is now known about depression during school age and adolescence, whether clinical depression can onset even earlier in development during the preschool period remains under explored. The earliest possible identification of depression may be important for the design of prevention and early developmental intervention programs. This study investigated functional impairment associated with depression, symptoms that served as the best markers of depression vs. other disorders, as well as depression severity between two depressed sub-groups and other diagnostic comparison groups. Method Three hundred and five preschoolers between the ages of 3.0 and 6.0 and their primary caregivers were recruited using a depression screening checklist distributed at community sites. The Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA) was used to derive psychiatric diagnoses in the study sample. Multivariate analyses of covariance were used to investigate the effects of depression on independent measures of functional impairment while controlling for the effects of co-morbidities. Results Functional impairment specifically associated with depression was found in multiple domains and contexts, however depressed preschoolers were not developmentally delayed. The symptoms of guilt and extreme fatigue were found to be highly specific for preschool depression. A statistically significant hierarchy of depression severity was found between diagnostic comparison groups, in the expected direction with the highest in a melancholic subgroup. Conclusions Validation for preschool depression with associated functional impairment across contexts was found in preschool children. These findings replicate and extend earlier evidence for validity of MDD diagnosed in the preschool period and highlight the need for clinical attention. The finding that these depressed and impaired preschoolers were not yet developmentally delayed may have important public health significant significance as it suggests a possible window of opportunity for early intervention. Study findings were limited by reliance on parent and teacher informants and a cross-sectional view.
Electronic risk alerts to improve primary care management of chest pain: a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND The primary care evaluation of chest pain represents a significant diagnostic challenge.
Emergent photons and transitions in the O(3) sigma model with hedgehog suppression

We study the effect of hedgehog suppression in the O(3) sigma model in D = 2 + 1. We show via Monte Carlo simulations that the sigma model can be disordered while effectively forbidding these point topological defects. The resulting paramagnetic state has gauge charged matter with half-integer spin (spinons) and also an emergent gauge field (photons), whose existence is explicitly demonstrated. Hence, this is an explicit realization of fractionalization in a model with global SU(2) symmetry. The zero-temperature ordering transition from this phase is found to be continuous but distinct from the regular Heisenberg ordering transition. We propose that these phases and this phase transition are captured by the noncompact CP1 model, which contains a pair of bosonic fields coupled to a noncompact U(1) gauge field. Direct simulation of the transition in this model yields critical exponents that support this claim. The easy-plane limit of this model also displays a continuous zero temperature ordering transition, which has the remarkable property of being self-dual. The presence of emergent gauge charge and hence Coulomb interactions is evidenced by the presence of a finite temperature Kosterlitz-Thouless transition associated with the thermal ionization of the gauge charged spinons. Generalization to higher dimensions and the effects of nonzero hedgehog fugacity are discussed.
Planarian Behaviour and Biochemistry

Analyses of nucleic acids from planarians removed at various stages of conditioning showed that the RNA/DNA specific activity ratios were significantly different in trained animals during the middle stages of training when learning was not pronounced. The ratios were, however, similar at the terminal stage when the conditioned response performance was high.
Development and Operation of a Line-Screen Color Kinescope

A color-television receiver employing a single kinescope of the line-screen type has been developed. The kinescope screen consists of many hundred narrow parallel phosphor strips of the three primary colors, arranged cyclically. In the method investigated in greatest detail, the raster scanning lines are parallel to the phosphor strips. Circuit means are provided to cause the scanning lines to coincide with the phosphor strips of a single color. The beam is then deflected by a "stair-step" wave to the adjacent lines of the two remaining colors to generate color-dot areas in synchronism with the received color signal. The required registration of scanning lines with the screen elements is obtained by means of a servo circuit deriving control information from secondary-emission-signal areas on the kinescope screen. Various alternatives to this arrangement have also been investigated. Kinescopes of 16-inch envelope diameter have been employed to give color pictures of high horizontal definition and adequate color purity.
New upper bounds for the magnetization in ferromagnetic one-component systems

A collection of upper bounds on the magnetization in ferromagnetic one-component spin systems is derived from generalizations of the mean-field approximation. In particular, it contains sequences of bounds that converge to the true magnetization. The spin systems in question satisfy the GHS-inequality.
Low Bit-Rate Speech Coding Through Quantization of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients

In this paper, we propose a low bit-rate speech codec based on vector quantization (VQ) of the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). We begin by showing that if a high-resolution mel-frequency cepstrum (MFC) is computed, good-quality speech reconstruction is possible from the MFCCs despite the lack of phase information. By evaluating the contribution toward speech quality that individual MFCCs make and applying appropriate quantization, our results show that the MFCC-based codec exceeds the state-of-the-art MELPe codec across the entire range of 600-2400 bps, when evaluated with the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) (ITU-T recommendation P.862). The main advantage of the proposed codec is in distributed speech recognition (DSR) since the MFCCs can be directly applied thus eliminating additional decode and feature extract stages; furthermore, the proposed codec better preserves the fidelity of MFCCs and better word accuracy rates as compared to CELP and MELPe codecs.
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE RESEARCH REPORT—BRIEF CITATIONS

(2003). ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE RESEARCH REPORT—BRIEF CITATIONS. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 61-67.
Smartphone Use at a University Health Science Center

This article describes the results of a survey of library patrons conducted by librarians and information technology specialists at the Health Science Center Libraries at the University of Florida. The purpose of the survey was to learn if and how library patrons were using smartphones to perform their work-related tasks and how patrons felt the library could support smartphone use at the Health Science Center.
Early and late postnatal identification of isolated lenticulostriate vasculopathy in preterm infants: associated findings.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, possible etiologies, and neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants (<35 weeks) with isolated lenticulostriate vasculopathy (LSV). STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective case-control design, we reviewed the medical records of all premature infants who were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit between 1996 and 2000. RESULTS: The prevalence of LSV was 4.6% (21 of 453). Patients with late LSV (detected after 10 days of age) had less exposure than controls to prenatal steroids [42.8% (6 of 14) vs. 92.8% (13 of 14), respectively; p<0.01], and prenatal antibiotics [42.8% (6 of 14) vs. 85.7% (12 of 14), respectively; p=0.01]. Fifty-seven percent (8 of 14) of patients with late LSV had a low Apgar score vs. 14.2% (2 of 14) of the control group (p=0.01). Patients with LSV also had more muscle tone abnormalities than controls at 6 months of age [33.3% (5 of 15) vs. 5.2% (1 of 19), respectively; p=0.03]. CONCLUSION: Patients with late LSV have less exposure to antenatal steroids and antibiotics, lower Apgar scores, and abnormal muscle tone at 6 months of age.
Dopaminergic mechanism for caffeine-produced cocaine seeking in rats.

Systemic administration of caffeine reinstates extinguished cocaine self-administration behavior in rats, but the mechanism mediating this behavioral effect has not been established. The present study examined the role of adenosinergic A2 and dopaminergic mechanisms in caffeine-produced cocaine seeking. Following extinction of cocaine self-administration, experimenter-administered injections of caffeine (1.25–20 mg/kg) and theophylline (1–10 mg/kg) dose-dependently reinstated extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior. Administration of the adenosinergic A2 antagonist, 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX; 0.546–2.18 μg/kg), failed to produce cocaine seeking. Pretreatment with doses of the adenosine A1/A2 agonist 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA; 0.003–0.03 mg/kg) that were below those that produced marked sedation failed to block reinstatement. These data suggest that methylxanthine-produced cocaine seeking is not due to adenosine A2 receptor antagonism. In contrast, pretreatment with the dopaminergic D1-like antagonist SCH 23390 (0.005–0.02 mg/kg) or the D2-like antagonist eticlopride (0.03–0.3 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent attenuation of caffeine-produced reinstatement at doses that did not decrease cocaine self-administration. These findings suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms underlie the ability of caffeine to reinstate extinguished cocaine-taking behavior.
Genetics of hairy cell leukemia

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by cytopenias, splenomegaly, and bone marrow fibrosis associated with an infiltrate of B-lymphocytes. Although in the majority of cases diagnosis and treatment of the disease is relatively straightforward, there is a lack of clinical and molecular data on its genetic mechanisms. Recent advances in gene expression profiling have identified a number of proteins that are specific to the HCL phenotype. However, these data are only the first step in identifying the genetic event responsible for development of the disease. Because of the success of purine analog therapy in treating the disease, there has so far been little interest within the scientific community in gaining a greater understanding of the genetics that drive the neoplastic clone in this strikingly homogeneous and well characterized clinical entity. This review describes the epidemiological genetic and molecular events associated with HCL.
Obligately halophilicChromatium vinosum from Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Australia

A representative of the purple sulfur bacteria was isolated from organic-rich intertidal sediments of Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Australia. The isolate, strain HPC, is nutritionally versatile, being capable of photoheterotrophic growth in the absence of reduced sulfur sources and of dark microaerophilic growth, either heterotrophically or lithotrophically. Vitamins are not required. Nine organic carbon substrates, including the C2−C5 fatty acids, support photoheterotrophic growth. The isolate is an obligate halophile capable of growth over a wide salinity range (0.5%–8.5% NaCl). On the basis of its morphology, physiology, pigmentation, and DNA base ratio, strain HPC is considered to be an obligately halophilic representative ofChromatium vinosum.
Electrical percolation behavior of short-fiber composites: Experimental characterization and modeling

Experimental studies and Monte Carlo simulations have been conducted to investigate the percolation phenomenon in injection-molded short-fiber composites. The electrical resistivity and the percolation thresholds of the short-carbon-fiber-reinforced Nylon 6.6 composites were characterized in the three principal directions. The three-dimensional fiber orientation distribution and fiber length distribution were quantitatively measured by image analysis. As expected, a skin-core morphology was observed in the injection-molded samples. The aligned fiber orientation in the skin does not facilitate the formation of conduction paths, whereas the random fiber orientation in the core enhances the formation of interconnected networks. Voltage-current studies performed on the composite specimens suggest that electron hopping is the probable mechanism of electrical conduction in the matrix polymer present between the fibers. A modified concentric cylindrical model was used to predict the percolation behavior of the molded composite specimens. The agreement between the predictions and the experimental results establishes the effectiveness of the model in simulating the electrical percolation phenomenon in short-fiber composites.
In search of proof-of-concept: gene therapy for glycogen storage disease type Ia

The emergence of life threatening long-term complications in glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) has emphasized the need for new therapies, such as gene therapy, which could achieve biochemical correction of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency and reverse clinical involvement. We have developed gene therapy with a novel adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector that: 1) prevented mortality and corrected glycogen storage in the liver, 2) corrected hypoglycemia during fasting, and 3) achieved efficacy with a low number of vector particles in G6Pase-deficient mice and dogs. However, the gradual loss of transgene expression from episomal AAV vector genomes eventually necessitated the administration of a different pseudotype of the AAV vector to sustain dogs with GSD-Ia. Further preclinical development of AAV vector-mediated gene therapy is therefore warranted in GSD-Ia.
Local Influence for Generalized Linear Models with Missing Covariates

In the analysis of missing data, sensitivity analyses are commonly used to check the sensitivity of the parameters of interest with respect to the missing data mechanism and other distributional and modeling assumptions. In this article, we formally develop a general local influence method to carry out sensitivity analyses of minor perturbations to generalized linear models in the presence of missing covariate data. We examine two types of perturbation schemes (the single-case and global perturbation schemes) for perturbing various assumptions in this setting. We show that the metric tensor of a perturbation manifold provides useful information for selecting an appropriate perturbation. We also develop several local influence measures to identify influential points and test model misspecification. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate our methods, and real datasets are analyzed to illustrate the use of our local influence measures.
Public Regulation of Marketing Activity, Part III: A Typology of Regulatory Failures and Implications for Marketing and Public Policy

This is the third part of an article which presents comprehensive typologies of market failures (Part 1), regulatory responses (Part II), and regulatory failures. A typology of regulatory failures ...
Protective effect of the heparin-derived oligosaccharide C3, on AF64A-induced cholinergic lesion in rats.

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) literature indicates that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) may prevent proteoglycan-induced amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, decrease Aβ-induced tau-2 immunoreactivity, and increase the axonal growth and arborization of hippocampal neurons. However, there is no information about the impact of GAGs on cholinergic lesions. Here, AF64A was administered stereotaxically into the lateral ventricles of rats, at doses that are selective for cholinotoxicity (1 and 2 nmol). The heparin-derived oligosaccharide (HDO), C3 (25 mg/kg), was administered orally, once daily for 7 days before, and 7 days after AF64A administration. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry revealed that C3 administration reduced AF64A-induced cholinergic damage in the septum and cingulum bundle. Quantitative neuronal cell counts showed that C3 attenuated, by 60%, the decrease in cell number in the medial septum. Enzyme analysis showed that C3 also significantly restored ChAT (30%) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity (45%), which had been diminished by AF64A. Our data suggest that, in addition to its effects of anti-Aβ aggregation, anti-Aβ-induced tau-2 immunoreactivity, and neurotrophic effects, C3 also effectively reduces AF64A-induced cholinergic damage; hence it may have potential therapeutic value in AD patients.
Fe-Zn exchange reaction between tetrahedrite and sphalerite in natural environments

Microprobe and fluid inclusion analyses of hydrothermal ore deposits containing the subassemblage sphalerite+ tetrahedrite-tennantite ∼[(Cu, Ag)10(Fe, Zn)2(As,Sb)4S13] reveal that the Gibbs energies of the reciprocal reaction Cu10Zn2Sb4S13 + Cu10Fe2As4S13 = Cu10Fe2Sb4S13 + Cu10Zn2As4S13 and the Fe-Zn exchange reaction 1/2Cu10Fe2Sb4S13 + ZnS = 1/2Cu10Zn2Sb4S13 + FeS are within the uncertainties of the values established by Sack and Loucks (1985) and Raabe and Sack (1984), 2.59±0.14 and 2.07±0.07 kcal/gfw. However, this study suggests that the Fe-Zn exchange reaction between sphalerite and Sb and Ag-rich tetrahedrites does not obey the simple systematics suggested by Sack and Loucks (1985) wherein tetrahedrite is assumed to behave as an “ideal” reciprocal solution. Instead these studies show that the configurational Gibbs energy of this exchange reaction,RTln[(X Fe/X Zn)TET(X ZnS/X FeS)SPH], corrected for sphalerite nonideality exhibits both a local maximum and minimum as a function of Ag/(Cu+Ag) ratio at a givenX FeS SPH and temperature. The local maximum forX FeS SPH ∼0.10 corresponds to the position of the cell edge maximum established for natural tetrahedrites by Riley (1974), Ag/(Ag+Cu)∼0.4. These studies and the results of structural refinements of Ag-bearing tetrahedrites suggest that in low silver tetrahedrites Ag is preferentially incorporated in trigonal-planar sites but that in tetrahedrites with intermediate and greater Ag/(Ag+Cu) ratio, Ag is preferentially incorporated in tetrahedral sites. A nonconvergent site ordering model for tetrahedrite is developed to quantify and extrapolate these predictions.
Histopathology of abnormal livers and other organs of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus (Pallas) from the estuary of the Duwamish River, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.

. Starry flounder Platichthys stellatus (Pallas) from the Duwamish River estuary, which has received large volumes of pollutants in the past, and starry flounder from two relatively unpolluted reference areas were examined for pathological conditions. Gross and microscopic examination of starry flounders from the Duwamish River estuary revealed one or more of the following unusual liver characteristics in 92% (monthly range 85–100%) of the fish: liver discolouration, liver enlargement, severe fatty vacuolation of the hepatocytes, centrolobular cellular degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, megalocytic hepatocytes, proliferating perivascular fibroblasts displacing adjacent liver parenchyma, hepatic structural disarray and increased basophilia of hepatocytes in localized areas. Livers of starry flounders, usually spent spawners, from one of the reference areas also had one or more of these characteristics, although at a much lower frequency (<13%), and these included liver discolouration, increased fatty vacuolation of the hepatocytes and hepatic structural disarray.