cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probing the role of IFT particle complex A and B in flagellar entry and exit of IFT-dynein in Chlamydomonas

Mediating the transport of flagellar precursors and removal of turnover products, intraflagellar transport (IFT) is required for flagella assembly and maintenance. The IFT apparatus is composed of the anterograde IFT motor kinesin II, the retrograde IFT motor IFT-dynein, and IFT particles containing two complexes, A and B. In order to have a balanced two-way transportation, IFT-dynein has to be carried into flagella and transported to the flagellar tip by kinesin II, where it is activated to drive the retrograde IFT back to the flagellar base. In this study, we investigated the role of complex A and complex B in the flagellar entry and exit of IFT-dynein. We showed that regardless of the amount of complex A, IFT-dynein accumulated proportionally to the amount of complex B in the flagella of fla15/ift144 and fla17-1/ift139, two complex A temperature-sensitive mutants. Complex A was depleted from both cellular and flagellar compartments in fla15/ift144 mutant. However, in fla17-1/ift139 mutant, the flagellar level of complex A was at the wild-type level, which was in radical contrast to the significantly reduced cellular amount of complex A. These results support that complex A is not required for the flagellar entry of IFT-dynein, but might be essential for the lagellar exit of IFT-dynein. Additionally, we confirmed the essential role of IFT172, a complex B subunit, in the flagellar entry of IFT-dynein. These results indicate that complexes A and B play complementary but distinct roles for IFT-dynein, with complex B carrying IFT-dynein into the flagella while complex A mediates the flagellar exit of IFT-dynein.
Utilizing Lustre file system with dCache for CMS analysis

This paper presents storage implementations that utilize the Lustre file system for CMS analysis with direct POSIX file access while keeping dCache as the frontend for data distribution and management. We describe two implementations that integrate dCache with Lustre and how to enable user data access without going through the dCache file read protocol. Our initial CMS analysis job measurement and transfer performance results are shown and the advantages of different implementations are briefly discussed.
MMX mesalamine: a novel high-dose, once-daily 5-aminosalicylate formulation for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Background: 5-Aminosalicylate (5-ASA) agents are the first-line therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC). A high-dose, once-daily formulation of 5-ASA known as MMX mesalamine has recently been approved for the treatment of UC. Objective: To summarize current data on MMX mesalamine and to discuss its impact on management of UC. Methods: A systematic review of published literature was performed on PubMed using the search terms ‘MMX mesalamine’ and ‘Lialda®’. Abstracts presented at US gastroenterology conferences between 2006 and 2007, were also reviewed. Results: MMX mesalamine uses a novel multi-matrix delivery system to achieve a sustained release of 5-ASA throughout the colon. Clinical trials have demonstrated MMX mesalamine 2.4 g/day or 4.8 g/day to be superior to placebo in inducing remission in active mild to moderate UC. The drug is well tolerated with a safety profile comparable to other oral 5-ASA agents. With a high-dose formulation of 1.2 g 5-ASA per tablet, MMX mesalamine can be administered convenie...
On the Steady-State Energy Balance of Short Gravity Wave Systems

Abstract Steady-state energy balances of short gravity wave systems generated in a wave tank with and without airflow have been measured and compared with the predictions of perturbation theory. Wind-wave spectra were found to fit a JONSWAP form to a good approximation if a wind-dependent equilibrium range coefficient was used. Mechanically generated waves were produced which had frequency spectra similar to wind-generated wave spectra and which exhibited nonlinear effects through a decrease in the spectral peak frequency with fetch. In the wind-wave case, perturbation theory well predicted the difference between the net source function and energy input from the wind for a wide range of fetch and wind speed conditions provided that surface tension was properly taken into account. In the case of waves generated without airflow, perturbation theory predicted energy transfer rates much smaller than the measured values.
Visualization tools and argument schemes: a question of standpoint

Visualization tools and argument schemes, such as those described by Thomas Gordon and Douglas Walton,1 have been developed by a community of scholars interested in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence, primarily theorists in logic, argumentation and information science (collectively the ‘argument theory’ or ‘AT’ community). The visualization tools provide excellent vehicles for teaching critical thinking skills and make it possible to depict the relationships and functions of the propositions in an argument in a form that facilitates analysis. The argumentation schemes provide a mechanism for stating stereotypical arguments in a standardized format that makes it possible to critique and determine their dialectical validity. The ongoing development of argument schemes and visualization tools may also hold promise for those seeking to develop artificial intelligence systems. By establishing standardized templates for varied arguments, argument schemes may provide a vehicle through which the arguments can be used and manipulated in artificial intelligence systems. The classification of the types of propositions in an argument, e.g. premises, assumptions, exceptions, etc., and development of symbol systems for depicting both the relationships and the functions of propositions in an argument may make it possible to create computer programs that may enable artificial intelligence systems to generate and depict the products of their analysis in an Araucariaor Carneades-like format. The AT community has long been interested in whether and how its tools might be used to facilitate the understanding and solution of legal problems.2 The AT community’s interest in evidential reasoning to resolve disputed questions of fact in legal contexts is more recent.3 The visualization tools and argument schemes that have been developed since that time have been designed primarily
Learned manipulation at unconstrained contacts does not transfer across hands

Recent studies about sensorimotor control of the human hand have focused on how dexterous manipulation is learned and generalized. Here we address this question by testing the extent to which learned manipulation can be transferred when the contralateral hand is used and/or object orientation is reversed. We asked subjects to use a precision grip to lift a grip device with an asymmetrical mass distribution while minimizing object roll during lifting by generating a compensatory torque. Subjects were allowed to grasp anywhere on the object’s vertical surfaces, and were therefore able to modulate both digit positions and forces. After every block of eight trials performed in one manipulation context (i.e., using the right hand and at a given object orientation), subjects had to lift the same object in the second context for one trial (transfer trial). Context changes were made by asking subjects to switch the hand used to lift the object and/or rotate the object 180° about a vertical axis. Therefore, three transfer conditions, hand switch (HS), object rotation (OR), and both hand switch and object rotation (HS+OR), were tested and compared with hand matched control groups who did not experience context changes. We found that subjects in all transfer conditions adapted digit positions across multiple transfer trials similar to the learning of control groups, regardless of different changes of contexts. Moreover, subjects in both HS and HS+OR group also adapted digit forces similar to the control group, suggesting independent learning of the left hand. In contrast, the OR group showed significant negative transfer of the compensatory torque due to an inability to adapt digit forces. Our results indicate that internal representations of dexterous manipulation tasks may be primarily built through the hand used for learning and cannot be transferred across hands.
Molecular Models for Cholecystokinin-A Receptor

Numerous techniques have been used to elucidate the structural basis for interaction of cholecystokinin (CCK)-related peptides with their hormone-binding receptor, the CCK-A receptor (CCK-AR), including structure-activity relationship studies, site-directed mutagenesis, photoaffinity-labeling, and solution NMR analysis of both CCK peptide ligands and peptide fragments derived from the CCK-A receptor. Different structural models have been developed for the peptide-receptor complexes using various subsets of the available experimental data (Giragossian & Mierke 2001; Ding et al. 2002; Escrieut et al. 2002). Here, we review details of the various models and evaluate the impact of selected experimental data sets on model development.
Noninvasive Physiologic Monitoring of High-Risk Surgical Patients

Objectives: To study the feasibility of multicomponent non-invasive monitoring, consisting of a new bioimpedance method for estimating cardiac output together with routine pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oximetry, and to compare physiologic data obtained noninvasively with hemodynamic and oxygen transport data obtained by standard invasive pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter to evaluate circulatory function in high-risk surgical patients. Design: Prospective descriptive analysis of the time course of physiologic patterns in surgical patients. Setting: University-run county hospital. Patients: Seventy-one consecutively monitored, high-risk, critically ill surgical patients in their perioperative period. Outcome Measures: Simultaneous measurements by invasive and noninvasive methods to describe and compare the temporal physiologic patterns of survivors and nonsurvivors. Results: The new impedance cardiac output estimations closely approximated those of the thermodilution method ( r =0.82, P Conclusions: The multicomponent noninvasive monitoring provides continuous online, real-time displays of physiologic data that allow immediate recognition of circulatory dysfunction as well as the means to titrate therapy to appropriate predetermined therapeutic goals. The non-invasive systems are easy to apply, safe, inexpensive, reasonably accurate, and cost-effective. Arch Surg. 1996;131:732-737.
Small pituitary size in children with Fanconi anemia.

Background Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder associated with multiple congenital anomalies, bone marrow failure, and pituitary hypofunction including hypogonadism, thyroid dysfunction, and growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Procedure Among 44 patients with FA referred to Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) between 1975 and 2005, 33 had neuroimaging studies, including 11 cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). Two separate measurements per patient from these MRIs were used to evaluate pituitary height compared to on-site control data of similar measurements of cranial MRIs on 22 age and gender-matched children without any pathology involving the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Growth pattern and endocrine studies were reviewed to assess potential correlation with pituitary size. Results When compared to the age-gender matched on-site control sample, the mean pituitary height of FA patients was significantly smaller (P < 0.0001; mean ± SE from mixed effects model with age and gender as covariates: 3.96 ± 0.32 vs. 5.76 ± 0.24). Upon further adjusting for the effect of the small head size by including bi-parietal diameter (BPD) as a covariate, the difference remained statistically significant (P = 0.0013). Findings on the growth pattern and endocrinological measurements are as follows: 50% of patients with small pituitary gland were short. GH and adrenal function tests were normal in all tested patients. Thyroid, pubertal status, and glucose regulation were abnormal in 30, 50, and 75% of patients tested. Conclusions Children with FA tend to have unsuspected small pituitary glands beyond what is expected from the effects of their stunted growth. Further studies are required to reveal the clinical implications of this finding. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:166–170. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Depressed and healthy preschoolers' internal representations of their mothers' caregiving: Associations with observed caregiving behaviors one year later

This study examined diagnostic group differences in children's internal representations of their mothers and mothers' parenting strategies 1 year later. Mother – preschool child dyads (N = 279) wer...
Side-to-Side Aorto–Gore-Tex Central Shunt

Abstract Background . This report details our experience in 13 patients with a technical modification of the standard central shunt. Methods . The study was performed using a retrospective chart review approach. In our operation, the aorto-Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore & Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ) anastomosis is created in a side-to-side fashion with the free end of the Gore-Tex shunt being oversewn. Results . All patients had echocardiographic evidence of shunt patency in the immediate postoperative period, and there have been no cases of late shunt occlusion at a mean follow-up period of 10 months. Conclusions . We believe this approach will yield patency rates equivalent to or better than those of the standard central shunt. The technique has the advantage of creating a short, straight-lying shunt that is less likely to kink or be injured on repeated sternotomy and in which flow may be more reliable.
Regulation of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism in Pre- and Postnatal Rats*

Three stages of development of hepatic glycogen metabolism in the rat were studied. These included the last stage of gestation, in which large scale synthesis and accumulation of glycogen takes place, the perinatal period of glycogenolysis, and the suckling period up to and including weaning. The role of insulin in the regulation of the key rate-limiting enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogen synthase) and glycogen breakdown (glycogen phosphorylase) was studied as was the role of the key phosphoprotein phosphatase enzymes that regulate activation of synthase (synthase phosphatase) and inactivation of phosphorylase (phosphorylase phosphatase). Glycogen accumulates in significant quantities on days 20-21 of gestation in the rat (term, 22 days). Associated with this increased rate and amount of glycogen accumulation is an increase in glycogen synthase a and synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase activities associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Concomitantly, fetal insulin levels are elevated as is the insulin to glucagon molar ratio and the synthase a/phosphorylase a ratio. At birth, these hepatic glycogen stores are rapidly degraded, and synthase a levels are diminished, as are ER-associated synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase activities. Phosphorylase a levels are markedly elevated at this time as well. Insulin levels are decreased, as is the insulin to glucagon molar ratio. Gradually over a period of 4 weeks after birth, glycogen levels increase in the liver, accompanied by increased ER-associated phosphatase activities and an increased insulin to glucagon molar ratio. The data support a role for increased ambient insulin concentrations in regulation of the periods of active glycogen synthesis and accumulation in pre- and postnatal rat liver. A possible site of action of insulin is the ER and associated phosphoprotein phosphatase activities.
The Role of Magnetic Resonance Neurography in the Postoperative Management of Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Diagnostic limitations exist in the assessment of postoperative nerve regeneration. This article describes the role of available methods, such as clinical assessment, electrophysiologic studies, and magnetic resonance neurography in the postoperative evaluation of peripheral nerve repairs.
I3. Catalysis in Biochemical Reactions

The mechanism of enzyme action presents a formidable and challenging problem to the chemist and has spurred the development of rapid reaction methods towards the maximum in sensitivity and time resolution, in order to meet the stringent requirements of enzyme reactions. In this paper we will emphasize the ways in which rapid flow techniques have allowed the study of enzyme reactions in living cells and in isolated enzyme systems with various types of physical methods, some of which are inherently insensitive and sluggish. Le mecanisme d'action enzymatique represente au chimiste un probleme formidable et pretendieux et il faut developper les methodes des reactions vites jusqu'au bout de la sensibilite et de la resolution du temps pour remplir les exigences rigoureuses des reactions enzymatiques. Ce travail fait ressortir les procedes par lesquels l'etude des reactions enzymatiques en cellule vive et en systeme isole est possible. Des exemples sont donnes de differentes methodes physiques, dont quelques unes sont relativement insensitives et lentes. Der Mechanismus der Enzymwirkung stellt fur den Chemiker ein anspruchsvolles und grosartiges Problem dar. Die hohen Anforderungen dieser Systeme haben die Entwicklung der Methoden zur Untersuchung schnell verlaufender Reaktionen zu hochsten Leistungen in bezug auf Empfindlichkeit und Zeitauflosung gebracht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll die Bedeutung der Stromungstechnik fur die Untersuchung von Enzymreaktionen in lebenden Zellen wie auch in isolierten Enzymsystemen herausgestellt werden. Von den dabei angewandten physikalischen Methoden sind einige allerdings relativ unempfindlich und trage.
Alternative developmental pathways associated with diapause regulated by temperature and maternal influences in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus

Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus enter a state of developmental arrest termed diapause as part of their normal developmental program. Diapause can occur at two distinct developmental stages in this species, termed diapause II and III. When incubated at 25°C, most embryos enter diapause II, whereas a small percentage of ‘escape’ embryos develop continuously past diapause II and enter diapause III. Control of entry into diapause II can be altered by maternal influences and the incubation environment experienced by the embryos. Young females produce a higher proportion of escape embryos than do older females. In addition, increasing the incubation temperature from 25 to 30°C induces all embryos to escape from diapause. Surprisingly, escape embryos follow a different morphological and physiological developmental trajectory than do embryos that enter diapause II. Development of anterior structures is advanced compared with that of posterior structures in escape embryos when compared with embryos that will enter diapause II. The difference in timing of development for these two trajectories is consistent with changes observed between two species but is very atypical of variation observed within a species. Importantly, the two developmental pathways diverge early in development, during the segmentation period, when, according to evolutionary theory, constraint on developmental pathways should be relatively high. The possession of alternative developmental pathways in a vertebrate embryo is a novel finding, the ecological and evolutionary importance of which is still unknown, but potentially significant in terms of life-history evolution.
Social Work Supervision

Abstract This paper examines social work supervision from an historical perspective in order to develop a conceptual framework based on seven major texts on social work supervision. The paper concludes with recommendations for future development of texts on social work supervision within the changing context of managed care, welfare reform, and public/private collaborations.
Detecting Coarse - Grain Parallelism Using an Interprocedural Parallelizing Compiler

This paper presents an extensive empirical evaluation of an interprocedural parallelizing compiler, developed as part of the Stanford SUIF compiler system. The system incorporates a comprehensive and integrated collection of analyses, including privatization and reduction recognition for both array and scalar variables, and symbolic analysis of array subscripts. The interprocedural analysis framework is designed to provide analysis results nearly as precise as full inlining but without its associated costs. Experimentation with this system shows that it is capable of detecting coarser granularity of parallelism than previously possible. Specifically, it can parallelize loops that span numerous procedures and hundreds of lines of codes, frequently requiring modifications to array data structures such as privatization and reduction transformations. Measurements from several standard benchmark suites demonstrate that an integrated combination of interprocedural analyses can substantially advance the capability of automatic parallelization technology.
A targeted spatial-temporal proteomics approach implicates multiple cellular trafficking pathways in human cytomegalovirus virion maturation

The assembly of infectious virus particles is a complex event. For human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) this process requires the coordinated expression and localization of at least 60 viral proteins that comprise the infectious virion. To gain insight into the mechanisms controlling this process, we identified protein binding partners for two viral proteins, pUL99 (also termed pp28) and pUL32 (pp150), which are essential for HCMV virion assembly. We utilized HCMV strains expressing pUL99 or pUL32 carboxyl-terminal green fluorescent protein fusion proteins from their native location in the HCMV genome. Based on the presence of ubiquitin in the pUL99 immunoisolation, we discovered that this viral protein colocalizes with components of the cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway during the initial stages of virion assembly. We identified the nucleocapsid and a large number of tegument proteins as pUL32 binding partners, suggesting that events controlling trafficking of this viral protein in the cytoplasm regulate nucleocapsid/tegument maturation. The finding that pUL32, but not pUL99, associates with clathrin led to the discovery that the two viral proteins traffic via distinct pathways during the early stages of virion assembly. Additional investigation revealed that the majority of the major viral glycoprotein gB initially resides in a third compartment. Analysis of the trafficking of these three viral proteins throughout a time course of virion assembly allowed us to visualize their merger into a single large cytoplasmic structure during the late stages of viral assembly. We propose a model of HCMV virion maturation in which multiple components of the virion traffic independently of one another before merging.
Voltage and synaptically activated channels in brainstem preganglionic parasympathetic cardiac neurons

This report briefly describes the voltage gated and synaptically gated currents in parasympathetic cardiac neurons that originate in the medulla and project to the heart. Fluorescent tracers are used to identify these neurons within an in-vitro slice and patch clamp electrophysiological techniques allow us to control intracellular voltage and characterize the electrophysiology and pharmacology of voltage dependent and post-synaptic ligand gated channels. Depolarization of these neurons to voltages more positive than -50 mV activate tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitive inward sodium currents, in addition to two types of outward potassium currents. The potassium currents are the I(A) and I(DR) type of potassium channels which are blocked by 4- aminopyridine (4AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA), respectively. Stimulation of another nucleus, the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), which receives cardiovascular sensory information, activates a monosynaptic pathway to these neurons. Glutamate is synaptically released from these NTS neurons which activates both long lasting (>200 ms) N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) and transient non-NMDA postsynaptic currents in parasympathetic cardiac neurons.
Social Support, Depression, and Activities of Daily Living in Older Heart Surgery Patients

A theoretical model that specifies relationships among depression, ADL impairment, and social support components was tested using 147 patients age 55 and older undergoing open heart surgery for angina pectoris or aortic stenosis. Patients completed interviews and self-reports before surgery and one and 6 months after surgery. The longitudinal data were analyzed using covariance structure modeling techniques. Consistent with an initially theorized structural model, the number of close network members seen regularly before surgery was associated with perceived adequacy of support one month after surgery. In turn, perceived adequacy of support one month after surgery predicted less depression and less ADL impairment at 6 months. The number of close network members seen regularly was also directly associated with less ADL impairment at one month and less depression at 6 months after surgery.
Formation of coA esters of cinnamic acid derivatives by extracts of Brassica napo-brassica root tissue

Abstract An enzyme fraction from aged swede root disks catalyses the formation of CoA thioesters of cinnamic acids in the presence of CoA, ATP and Mg2+. The enzyme shows activity only to those cinnamic acid derivatives bearing a phenolic OH group, p-coumaric and ferulic acids being the most active substrates. The requirement for Mg2+ can be replaced by Mn2+, Co2+ or Ni2+. The requirement for ATP could not be replaced by GTP, CTP, UTP, ADP or AMP. ADP and AMP, but not pyrophosphate, inhibited the ATP dependent activation of p-coumarate. The activity was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and p-chloro-mercuribenzoate which suggests a requirement for -SH groups for activation. The activity of the enzyme is low in freshly prepared disks but rises during ageing, particularly if the ageing is carried out in the presence of low concentrations of ethylene.
Aerobic fitness effects on exercise-induced low-frequency diaphragm fatigue

Babcock, Mark A., David F. Pegelow, Bruce D. Johnson, and Jerome A. Dempsey. Aerobic fitness effects on exercise-induced low-frequency diaphragm fatigue. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 2156–2164, 1996.—W...
The RV-PA conduit stimulates better growth of the pulmonary arteries in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Objective: This retrospective study compared the size of the central pulmonary arteries in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) following either a classical Norwood or Norwood procedure with a right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV–PA) conduit. Methods: Between May 2001 and May 2003, 30 patients with HLHS underwent cardiac catheterization prior to stage II palliation. Patients were initially palliated with a classical Norwood (Classical group, nZ18) or Norwood procedure with RV–PA conduit (RV–PA group; nZ12). Indexed maximum and minimum diameters of the LPA and RPA were measured using the McGoon ratio. Cardiac catheterisation was performed at a median age of 4.0 months. There was no difference in the time interval to catheterisation (PZ0.13), Qp:Qs (PZ0.41) or median haemoglobin (PZ0.42) between the groups. Results: The combined PA diameter was larger in the RV–PA group (B) than the classical group (A) (1.99G0.38 versus 1.63G 0.29, P!0.05). There were marked differences in the relative size of the pulmonary arteries between the two groups. In RV–PA patients, the LPA and RPA sizes were comparable (0.99G0.22 versus 1.00G0.31, PZ1.00) whereas, in the classical group, the LPA was smaller than the RPA (0.75G0.15 versus 0.88G0.17, P!0.05). Both techniques were also associated with discrete PA stenoses at the site of shunt insertion. Stenoses were more severe in RV–PA group (RV–PA), causing a 42G16% reduction in the combined PA diameter compared with a 28G18% reduction in Classical group (classical) (P!0.05). Conclusions: The Norwood procedure with RV–PA conduit is associated with better and more evenly distributed central pulmonary artery growth. Nevertheless, it is also associated with central PA stenoses, which may require subsequent reconstruction.
The Dark Side of Information and Market Efficiency in E‐Markets*

Price dispersion reflects the differences in prices for identical products. While in physical markets such dispersion is prevalent due to high search costs, many researchers argue that search costs and price dispersion will be much lower in electronic markets (e-markets). Empirical evidence does not support this contention, and researchers have studied search costs, market factors, and service-quality factors to explain this dispersion. Previous research has largely assumed that more information is better. By ignoring the dark side of information, we argue that only a partial understanding of price dispersion is possible. In this article, information overload and equivocality are studied as two dark attributes of information that lead sellers to different pricing decisions in e-markets. Hypotheses relating these attributes to price dispersion are supported through analysis of 161 product markets. This work opens up new avenues in the study of e-markets and discusses the implications of these findings for research and practice on consumer and seller decisions. Subject Areas: Consumer Behavior, E-Markets, Information Equivocality, Information Overload, Market Efficiency, and Price Dispersion.
Sleepiness and Fatigue in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

There is often uncertainty when fatigue and sleepiness are found at the intersection of sleep and psychiatric disorders. Many psychiatric disorders and their treatments contribute to complaints of sleepiness and fatigue to the extent that diagnostic criteria for many psychiatric disorders include fatigue, decreased vigilance, or sleepiness with the stipulation that these symptoms must not be due to a primary sleep disorder. Attention to both psychiatric and sleep disorders provides more comprehensive and appropriate care in the sleepy or fatigued patient.
The Wavenumber-Frequency Spectra of Satellite-Measured Brightness in the Tropics.

Abstract The wavenumber-frequency spectra of satellite-observed brightness have been examined for the period 1 February 1967 through 29 February 1968 for the latitude belt 20N to 20S. It was found that the quasi-stationary modes and low wavenumbers contain most of the power. The propagating wave activity was located primarily in the 5–15N latitude zone. Perturbations with periods of 12.5 days and wavenumber 5 and about 6 days and wavenumber 9 were prominent. These are consistent with Rossby waves and easterly waves. Since the propagating brightness spectra are due to propagating clouds, the results indicate a traveling heat source as being important in the generation and maintenance of those waves. There was no indication in the brightness spectra of periods and wavelengths consistent with Kelvin waves. However, a tropospheric heat source is not ruled out for those waves.
Affection Games in Digital Play: A Content Analysis of Web Playable Games

Affection games are ludic experiences in which players are required to express culturally recognized expressions of liking as a primary goal in the game. Interestingly, while the physical world of analog play has many such activities, the digital world has been relatively limited in affording players the ability to express affection as the primary game goal. Affection games in digital play exist as somewhat esoteric clusters across a variety of cultures and super genres. This paper defragments the diverse set of affection games, collecting, cataloging and describing the games in detail. The paper provides a content analysis of affection games and an overview of their preponderance on the web. This paper organizes affection games into a simple classification based on their game verbs. These are flirting, hugging, kissing, and sexual affection. The content analysis provides the attributes through which the affection games are clustered. Notable patterns from the content analysis include indications that kissing and sexual affection are most common, while hugging games are the rarest. There is also a strong coupling of targeted gender identification and the types of affection made playable. These patterns are indicated both in the spaces in which they are distributed and in their content. As the game industry and the academic research community look for new ways to understand and engage wider demographics, the lessons learned from studying affection games may prove useful. Affection games reveal cultural values, taboo, and may potentially expand the space of pro-social play.
Shape coexistence in 72 Se investigated following the β decay of 72 Br

The structure of {sup 72}Se was investigated following the {epsilon}/{beta}{sup +} decay of {sup 72}Br produced in the {sup 58}Ni({sup 16}O, pn) reaction at 50 MeV. Using a beam chopping system, off-beam {gamma}-ray decay data was collected with an array of clover Ge detectors. {gamma}-{gamma} coincidence measurements provided a significant modification of the prior level scheme, and {gamma}-{gamma} angular correlation measurements allowed spin determinations and multipole mixing ratio extraction. The new information on the non-yrast states was combined with previous in-beam data to investigate the issue of shape coexistence by comparing to various configuration mixing approaches. Clear evidence for shape coexistence is found, with a ground state of modest, or slightly oblate, deformation and a well-deformed prolate shape that would lie at an unperturbed excitation of 875 keV. The shape mixing is near complete at low spin.
ABCG2 and ABCB1 Limit the Efficacy of Dasatinib in a PDGF-B–Driven Brainstem Glioma Model

Dasatinib is a multikinase inhibitor in clinical trials for glioma, and thus far has failed to demonstrate significant efficacy. We investigated whether the ABC efflux transporters ABCG2 and ABCB1 expressed in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), are limiting the efficacy of dasatinib in the treatment of glioma using genetic and pharmacologic approaches. We utilized a genetic brainstem glioma mouse model driven by platelet-derived growth factor-B and p53 loss using abcg2/abcb1 wild-type (ABC WT) or abcg2/abcb1 knockout mice (ABC KO). First, we observed that brainstem glioma tumor latency is significantly prolonged in ABC KO versus ABC WT mice (median survival of 47 vs. 34 days). Dasatinib treatment nearly doubles the survival of brainstem glioma-bearing ABC KO mice (44 vs. 80 days). Elacridar, an ABCG2 and ABCB1 inhibitor, significantly increases the efficacy of dasatinib in brainstem glioma-bearing ABC WT mice (42 vs. 59 days). Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrates that dasatinib delivery into the normal brain, but not into the tumor core, is significantly increased in ABC KO mice compared with ABC WT mice. Surprisingly, elacridar did not significantly increase dasatinib delivery into the normal brain or the tumor core of ABC WT mice. Next, we demonstrate that the tight junctions of the BBB of this model are compromised as assessed by tissue permeability to Texas Red dextran. Finally, elacridar increases the cytotoxicity of dasatinib independent of ABCG2 and ABCB1 expression in vitro In conclusion, elacridar improves the efficacy of dasatinib in a brainstem glioma model without significantly increasing its delivery to the tumor core. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 819-29. ©2016 AACR.
MPInterfaces: A Materials Project based Python tool for high-throughput computational screening of interfacial systems

Abstract A Materials Project based open-source Python tool, MPInterfaces, has been developed to automate the high-throughput computational screening and study of interfacial systems. The framework encompasses creation and manipulation of interface structures for solid/solid hetero-structures, solid/implicit solvents systems, nanoparticle/ligands systems; and the creation of simple system-agnostic workflows for in depth computational analysis using density-functional theory or empirical energy models. The package leverages existing open-source high-throughput tools and extends their capabilities towards the understanding of interfacial systems. We describe the various algorithms and methods implemented in the package. Using several test cases, we demonstrate how the package enables high-throughput computational screening of advanced materials, directly contributing to the Materials Genome Initiative (MGI), which aims to accelerate the discovery, development, and deployment of new materials.
Driving CAR T-cells forward

The engineered expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on the surface of T cells enables the redirection of T-cell specificity. Early clinical trials using CAR T cells for the treatment of patients with cancer showed modest results, but the impressive outcomes of several trials of CD19-targeted CAR T cells in the treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies have generated an increased enthusiasm for this approach. Important lessons have been derived from clinical trials of CD19-specific CAR T cells, and ongoing clinical trials are testing CAR designs directed at novel targets involved in haematological and solid malignancies. In this Review, we discuss these trials and present strategies that can increase the antitumour efficacy and safety of CAR T-cell therapy. Given the fast-moving nature of this field, we only discuss studies with direct translational application currently or soon-to-be tested in the clinical setting.
Blood Lipid Concentrations and Colorectal Adenomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Colonoscopy Studies in Asia, 2000–2014

It is unclear whether dyslipidemia is associated with risk of colorectal neoplasia. The incidence of both conditions is increasing in Asia, motivating a number of new studies from this region. We performed a systematic literature search of Asian colonoscopy-based studies that collected blood lipid concentrations at the time of endoscopy. Persons found to have colorectal adenoma were considered cases, and those found to be adenoma-free were considered controls. Seventeen studies published between 2000 and 2014 met inclusion criteria, collectively enrolling 17,387 cases and 30,427 controls. Mean differences and adjusted odds ratios were summarized with random-effects meta-analyses. Compared with controls, cases had higher total cholesterol (mean difference (MD) = 2.4 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2, 4.6), higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 1.3 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.1, 2.6), higher triglyceride (MD = 16.4 mg/dL, 95% CI: 11.2, 21.5), and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (MD = -2.1 mg/dL, 95% CI: -2.7, -1.6) concentrations. Based on adjusted odds ratios, associations for 40-mg/dL-higher triglyceride levels (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.21) and 10-mg/dL-higher HDL cholesterol levels (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.00) achieved statistical significance. Persons with adenoma were more likely to have unfavorable cholesterol profiles at the time of colonoscopy than those without adenoma. The most convincing evidence for an association between dyslipidemia and colorectal neoplasia was observed for hypertriglyceridemia.
Book Review: Gaurav Desai, Commerce with the Universe: Africa, India, and the Afrasian Imagination

Gaurav Desai, Commerce with the Universe: Africa, India, and the Afrasian Imagination, New York: Columbia University Press, 2013, pp. 291.
Renal Excretion of Exogenous Creatinine in the Aglomerular Toadfish, Opsanus tau

We have presented elsewhere a quantitative analysis of the relationship between plasma concentration and urine flow, and the tubular excretion of phenol red by the aglomerular fishes, Lophius piscatorius and Opsanus tau.1 It was shown, in each of these species, that above 6.0 mg. % plasma phenol red there was no significant increase in the rate of excretion and that this maximal rate was not influenced by the extent or direction of the diffusion gradient. The present study represents an attempt at a similar analysis of the tubular excretion of exogenous creatinine by Opsanus. Marshall and Grafflin2 have shown in this species that the fraction of injected creatinine which is excreted in an 18-hour period decreases progressively with increasing amounts of injected creatinine; furthermore, the fraction of a small injection excreted in a given period of time increases with increasing urine flow.The present experiments may be divided into 2 groups. In the first group one urine collection period, 10 to 12 hours...
The Coefficients of the Normalized Maximum Contrast as Statistics for Posttest ANOVA Data Interpretations

A fundamental fact of analysis of variance is that there exists at least one contrast significantly-different-from-zero according to the Scheffe multiple comparisons method, if the omnibus F-test is significant. The caveat to this rule is that the significant contrast(s) may not be of any scientific value or of any interest to the investigator. Furthermore, complex contrasts (contrasts other than simple pairwise contrasts) usually lack any real meaning with respect to the problem at hand. The intent of this paper is to introduce the concept of a normalized maximum contrast, the normalized contrast which is statistically the most significantly-different-from-zero, and to indicate its value to support the interpretations of an analysis of variance result.
43. Erfahrungen mit einer Katastrophen-Einsatzübung in einer kanadischen Großstadt

Die Moglichkeit einer Katastrophe besteht in jeder Stadt. Um die Bevolkerung fur das Bereitsein im Notfalle zu interessieren, wurde von einem Komitee zustandiger Stellen innerhalb der Stadt eine Katastrophenabung geplant und in vollem Ausmas durchgefuhrt. Die beobachteten Mangel in der Zusammenarbeit zwischen arztlichen Stellen, zivilen Gruppen und stadtischen Behorden, besonders hinsichtlich Nachrichtenubermittlung und Verletztentransport, wurden aufgezeigt und Verbesserungen vorgeschlagen. Planung fur Katastrophenfalle sollte als kontinuierlicher Prozes von den Direktoren der Unfallstation aktiv gefordert werden.
Performance of Capilure® in Capturing Mediterranean Fruit Flies in Steiner Plastic or Cardboard Sticky Traps

Capilure®, an English commercial product that contains a mixture of trimedlure and extenders, was as effective or more effective than trimedlure alone in capturing male Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Also, the mixture prolonged the effective life of the attractant from 1 to 3 months.
A Model Calculation for the Vibrational Modes in C60

A force constant model for the vibrational modes in C60, based on bond-stretching and anglebending interactions, is presented. The results of this model are compared with the experimental data available from Raman, infrared, and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopies, as well as neutron inelastic scattering measurements. Excellent agreement is obtained between the calculated and experimental mode frequencies. The pressure dependence of the Ramanand infrared-active mode frequencies is calculated within a simple model and is compared to available experimental data.
Evaluating an Association between Ampicillin and Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common and potentially devastating adverse outcome affecting up to 30% of preterm infants. β-Lactam antibiotics affect platelet activation through interaction with platelet surface receptors. The objective of this study was to evaluate an association between ampicillin use and the development of IVH in preterm infants. This was a single-center and a retrospective case-control study of preterm low-birth-weight infants diagnosed with IVH and matched controls without IVH. Conditional logistic regression was performed on 10 clinical features from the first week of life to evaluate the association with IVH. Data were obtained for 174 subjects with no significant differences between groups in demographic factors and level of illness indicators. Earlier administration of the first dose of ampicillin was associated with increased odds of developing IVH (odds ratio [OR]: 0.95, p = 0.028) when controlling for other common associations. Longer courses of ampicillin were not significantly associated with the development of IVH (OR: 1.13, p = 0.089). The odds of developing IVH in our population increased with earlier, but not longer initial courses of ampicillin. Further research into the associations with IVH should include the assessment of ampicillin dose, timing, and duration.
Key technologies and construction methods of smart substation

The paper introduces the definition and characteristics of smart substation.The key technologies in different domains permeated in smart substation are described from the aspects of hardware integration,software components,information management,standards utilization and distributed energy access,andso on.Moreover,the paper discusses thearchitectures.intelligent electronic devices,protection control strategies,test simulation,information security,etc.and summarizes the major technical methods on the realization of smart substation.Finally,it prospectsthe application of the smart substation.
Evaluation of Glycated Albumin as a Metabolic Marker for Marbling in Commercial Feeder Cattle

This study was conducted to determine if glycated albumin is associated with marbling in beef cattle. Crossbred steers (n=113) were assigned randomly to different treatments to determine the effects of feeding strategies (with anabolic growth implants, CONV; without growth implants, NAT) on blood proteins, glucose, and insulin. Total serum protein and albumin were not different between marbling scores and feeding strategies. Glycated albumin was not correlated with marbling scores. Plasma glucose concentration was greater in steers with a marbling score of slight compared to all other marbling scores, and NAT feeding strategy had greater concentration than CONV (P = 0.02). Plasma insulin in steers with marbling scores of modest and moderate were greater than small (P = 0.01). However, they were all similar to marbling scores of slight and slightly abundant. More research is necessary to determine whether glycated albumin is associated with marbling in beef cattle.