cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandins influence protein phosphorylation in established insect cell line

Prostaglandins (PGs) are oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid and two other C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among other actions in invertebrates, PGs act in ovarian development, renal functions, immunity, hemocyte migration, and gene/protein expression. Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism of regulating protein functions in eukaryotic cells and for some mammalian proteins it is influenced by PGs. We posed the hypothesis that PGs influence protein phosphorylation within insect cells, which we tested with the established insect cell line, BCIRL-HzAM1. After 20, 30, or 40 min incubations in the presence of one of three PGs (at 15 μM), PGA2 , PGE1 , or PGF2α , separate sets of cells were processed for analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry. We recorded significant phosphorylation changes in 31 proteins, decreases in 15, and increases in 15, and one protein with increased or decreased phosphorylation, depending on PG treatment. Increasing PG exposure times led to changes in fewer proteins, 20 min incubations led to changes in 16 proteins, 30 min to changes in 13, and 40 min to changes in 2 proteins. The proteins were identified by bioinformatic analyses, including transcript description, calculated molecular weights and isoelectric points, MOlecular Weight SEarch score, total ion score, numbers of peptides, percent protein coverage, E-value, and highest peptide score. The data presented in this paper firmly support our hypothesis that PGs influence protein phosphorylation within insect cells and adds a novel PG-signaled function to insect biology.
Multiblock ADMM Heuristics for Mixed-Binary Optimization on Classical and Quantum Computers

Solving combinatorial optimization problems on current noisy quantum devices is currently being advocated for (and restricted to) binary polynomial optimization with equality constraints via quantum heuristic approaches. This is achieved using, for example, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). In this article, we present a decomposition-based approach to extend the applicability of current approaches to “quadratic plus convex” mixed binary optimization (MBO) problems, so as to solve a broad class of real-world optimization problems. In the MBO framework, we show that the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) can split the MBO into a binary unconstrained problem (that can be solved with quantum algorithms), and continuous constrained convex subproblems (that can be solved cheaply with classical optimization solvers). The validity of the approach is then showcased by numerical results obtained on several optimization problems via simulations with VQE and QAOA on the quantum circuits implemented in Qiskit, an open-source quantum computing software development framework.
Improving Knowledge of Lactation Compatibility of Antirheumatic Medications Among Providers Who Care for Patients With Rheumatic Disease.

OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate and improve knowledge of lactation compatibility of medications commonly used to treat rheumatic diseases among rheumatology, obstetric, and newborn providers practicing at an academic safety net hospital. METHODS Baseline knowledge of rheumatic disease medication compatibility with lactation among 49 providers was obtained via a multiple-choice questionnaire. Following initial evaluation, providers were given a rheumatic diseases and lactation information card. The questionnaire was readministered at the time of card distribution and 5 months later. RESULTS At baseline, more rheumatology providers correctly identified a higher number of lactation-compatible and noncompatible medications than nonrheumatology providers (78% and 65% vs 31% and 46%, respectively; P < 0.0001). After the intervention, rheumatology providers correctly identified lactation-compatible and noncompatible medications 98% and 100% of the time, compared with 78% and 65% of the time before the intervention (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001). This improvement was durable because rheumatology providers correctly identified lactation-compatible and noncompatible medications 96% and 98% of the time 5 months following the initial intervention (P = 0.0021 and P < 0.0001). Nonrheumatology providers correctly identified lactation-compatible and noncompatible medications 31% and 46% of the time before the intervention and 95% and 100% of the time after the intervention (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Rheumatology providers had better baseline knowledge than obstetric and newborn providers of the breastfeeding compatibility of medications used to treat rheumatic diseases. However, all providers had knowledge gaps. After a simple educational intervention, the knowledge gap was significantly narrowed in all provider groups. This improvement was durable because repeat testing of the rheumatology provider subset 5 months post intervention continued to show significant improvement.
Clean data for training statistical MT: the case of MT contamination

Users of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) sometimes turn to the Web to obtain data to train their systems. One problem with this approach is the potential for “MT contamination”: when large amounts of parallel data are collected automatically, there is a risk that a non-negligible portion consists of machine-translated text. Theoretically, using this kind of data to train SMT systems is likely to reinforce the errors committed by other systems, or even by an earlier versions of the same system. In this paper, we study the effect of MT-contaminated training data on SMT quality, by performing controlled simulations under a wide range of conditions. Our experiments highlight situations in which MT contamination can be harmful, and assess the potential of decontamination techniques.
A Bayes Network Model to Determine MiRNA Gene Silence Mechanism

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that silence gene expression by base pairing to mRNAs. They play important gene regulatory roles via hybridization to target mRNAs. The functional characterization of miRNAs relies heavily on the identification of their target mRNAs. Determining whether mRNA genes are regulated by translational repression or by post-transcriptional degradation is the premise of accurately identifying miRNA target genes. Combining expression profiling method with computational sequence analysis method, we present a Bayes network model to identify miRNA target genes as well as to determine the gene silence mechanism. The result shows that the learning algorithm of the model has detected 49 % candidate miRNA target genes at 5 % false detection rate and has determined 80 % genes regulated by post-transcriptional degradation mechanism at 3 % false detection rate. Our model precisely predicts miRNA gene silence mechanism and presents an efficient method to find out miRNA targets.
The senile nail.

In many but by no means all elderly persons, distinctive changes are noted in the nails of the fingers and toes. Grossly, the nails in such persons appear dull and opaque, and they present hypertrophie longitudinal ridging. The color varies from shades of yellow and green to gray. With increasing senility of the nail the longitudinal ridges become more pronounced and numerous. The thickness of the nail may be normal, increased or decreased. Most often the lunula is not visible when the nail is in situ, although it may be seen if the eponychium is mechanically removed or the nail is evulsed. The convexity may be increased from side to side and decreased in the longitudinal axis (fig. 1). The aged nail has an increased tendency to split into layers. Growth of the senile nail is slow.
The Schottky Barrier Photodiode

The Schottky barrier acts to separate optically generated minority carriers from the majority carriers that are collected from a bulk layer extending a couple of diffusion lengths from the barrier. As an ideal Schottky diode, however, it is unable to produce a respectable photovoltaic light-to-electric power conversion since it maintains the same majority quasi-Fermi level throughout the device to which both electrode Fermi levels are connected.
Retrospective Analysis of Interobserver Spatial Variability in the Localization of Broca's and Wernicke's Areas Using Three Different fMRI Language Paradigms.

PURPOSE To determine interobserver spatial variability in language area localization using three commonly employed language tasks. MATERIALS AND METHODS With institutional review board approval, 125 fMRI time series from 50 different clinical language cases were retrospectively reviewed by three blinded readers who selected 3-dimensional points representing the perceived center of Wernicke's and Broca's areas using three language tasks (semantic decision, SD; sentence comprehension, SC; and silent word generation, WG). Point dispersion values were then calculated using the perimeter of the 3-dimensional triangle defined by the three readers’ selections. RESULTS After resolving interobserver laterality disagreements, there was no difference in spatial variability between the three tasks (P = .069). The SD task had the fewest interobserver laterality disagreements (P = .028) and the SC task had fewer failed localizations for Broca's area (P = .050) and Wernicke's area (P = .013). CONCLUSION While there were no differences between interobserver spatial variability in language area localization between the three tasks, language task choice impacts the accuracy of fMRI language area identification because tasks vary in their rates of interobserver laterality disagreements and failed localizations. A combination of tasks including one with low laterality disagreements (eg, SD) and one with few failed localizations (eg, SC) may offer the best combination.
Variant Conflict Management: A Conceptual Model on Varying Conflict Management Approaches within Work Teams

Studies on conflict management in teams have generally relied on existing conflict management theories and frameworks conceptualized at the individual level. Much of this research also assumes convergence of individual conflict management approaches in teams. Such assumptions limit our understanding of the emergence and predictive value of variability in team conflict management. To begin addressing these limitations, I propose a multilevel theory of team conflict management. Central to this theory is a configural teamlevel construct called variant conflict management (VCM), which refers to the relative levels of cooperative and competitive conflict management among members in a team. In this paper, I discuss key antecedent conditions predicting VCM, and propose three archetypal profiles of VCM: minimum, maximum and moderate VCM. Potential consequences of these profiles on team outcomes are also considered. I conclude the paper by discussing theoretical limitations, future research directions, and practical implications of this theory.
Volatile transport in frozen aqueous solutions. II. Influence of system parameters.

Abstract Frozen aqueous butanol solutions are evaluated for the influence of sample preparation and equilibration conditions on the loss of butanol. It is shown that an increase of equilibration temperature results in increased butanol loss, both water independent and water dependent. The freezing rate will influence the equilibration retention level, with faster freezing resulting in smaller butanol loss. An increase in butanol concentration gave the same percentage of butanol loss, i.e., the amount of butanol lost was directly proportional to the initial concentration.
The Arithmetic Cube

We present the design of a VLSI processor which can be programmed to compute the discrete Fourier transform of a sequence of n points and which achieves the theoretical AT2 lower bound of ?(n2) for n ? n where n is an infinite set. Furthermore, since the set n is also sufficiently dense, the processor achieves for any n the theoretical AT2 lower bound of ?(n2) for computing the cyclic convolution of two sequences of n points. Uniquely, our design achieves this bound without the use of data shuffling or long wires. Also, the processor uses only approximately ?n multipliers, while many other designs need ?(n) multipliers to achieve the same time bounds. Since multipliers are usually much larger than adders, the processor presented in this paper should be smaller. The design also features layout regularity, minimal control, and nearest neighbor interconnect of arithmetic cells of a few different types. These characteristics make it an ideal candidate for VLSI implementation.
Error rates resulting from anemia can be corrected in multiple commonly used point-of-care glucometers.

Background: A point-of-care (POC) glucometer (G1) used for critical care at our institution is inaccurate in the presence of low hematocrit (HCT) values. The purpose of this study was to analyze error rates of three additional POC glucometer brands and determine mathematical correction formulas for each. Methods: Blood samples (n = 196) from a cohort of surgical, trauma, medical, cardiothoracic, and burn intensive care unit patients were tested on three commonly used POC glucometer brands (G2-G4). Results were compared with reference laboratory values, and correction compared with the validated formula for G1. A mathematical formula specific to each glucometer type was derived from glucose measurements, associated HCT values, and the degree of difference relative to laboratory results. Results: POC glucometer results were consistently elevated compared with reference laboratory values. Glucometer error rates for HCT ≤ 25% ranged from 15.4% to 22.3% for the three types. Error rates for 25% < HCT < 34% ranged from 16.4% to 18.4%. A correction formula for each glucometer based on the natural log transformation of the HCT predicted reference values with a mean error rate of -0.54% ± 5.6% for G2, -0.6% ± 5.5% for G3, and 0.2% ± 8.0% for G4. Correction was similar to that previously established for G1 (-0.01% ± 4.8). Conclusions: Significant error rates because of HCT effect were found in all glucometer models tested with accurate prediction of reference values with a simple mathematical formula.
Applying the Relational Turbulence Model to the Empty-Nest Transition: Sources of Relationship Change, Relational Uncertainty, and Interference from Partners

This study employs the relational turbulence model to identify common issues facing married couples during the transition to the empty-nest phase of marriage. We surveyed 100 individuals who were part of 50 couples who had recently entered the empty-nest phase of their relationship to identify themes of relationship change (RQ1), relational uncertainty (RQ2), and interference from partners (RQ3) during the empty-nest transition. Results revealed five themes of relationship change: (a) increased couple time, (b) reduced structure provides increased freedom, (c) increased communication, (d) increased privacy, and (e) new beginnings. Four themes of relational uncertainty were identified: (a) new roles and identities, (b) dependency anxiety, (c) love and intimacy, and (d) growing older. Four themes of partner interference were also found: (a) relationship facilitation, (b) guilt, (c) forced activity, and (d) household chores. Our findings suggest that the relational turbulence model may be a useful tool for u...
Glycopeptides Related to β-Endorphin Adopt Helical Amphipathic Conformations in the Presence of Lipid Bilayers

A series of glycosylated endorphin analogues designed to penetrate the blood−brain barrier (BBB) have been studied by circular dichroism and by 2D-NMR in the presence of water; TFE/water; SDS micelles; and in the presence of both neutral and anionic bicelles. In water, the glycopeptides showed only nascent helix behavior and random coil conformations. Chemical shift indices and nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) confirmed helices in the presence of membrane mimics. NOE volumes provided distance constraints for molecular dynamics calculations used to provide detailed backbone conformations. In all cases, the glycopeptides were largely helical in the presence of membrane bilayer models (micelles or bicelles). Plasmon waveguide resonance (PWR) studies showed hen egg phosphatidyl choline (PC) bilayers produce amphipathic helices laying parallel to the membrane surface, with dissociation constants (KD) in the low nanomolar to micromolar concentration range. Two low-energy states are suggested for the glycosylate...
Repetition effects in choice reaction time to multidimensional stimuli

Ss classified as quickly as possible stimuli back-projected one at a time on a small screen by pressing one of two levers in response to each stimulus, according to the levels of a single specified binary stimulus dimension. Stimuli were rectangles varying in height alone, in width alone, or in both dimensions, in either a correlated or an orthogonal fashion. Stimuli followed responses by a fixed interval of 82, 580, or 1,080 msec. Response time was longer when both dimensions varied orthogonally than when only one dimension varied, indicating that Ss were unable to avoid perceiving the rectangle figures as wholes. Repeated stimuli were responded to more quickly than stimuli which were different from the immediately preceding stimulus in all conditions. With orthogonally combined dimensions, response time to stimulus repetitions was lowest, increased when the stimulus changed while the response was repeated, and increased still further when both the stimulus and the response changed. Increasing the time interval between stimuli decreased response time for nonrepetitions, while response time for repetitions was relatively unaffected. The results were discussed in terms of two models of serial choice reaction time.
Reproductive Potential: Its Influence on the Susceptibility of a Species to Pesticides

Abstract Acute lethal concentration estimates (72-hr LC50) and population growth rates (7-day instantaneous rate of increase) of two mite species, an herbivore, the two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticaeKoch, and the generalist predator miteIphiseius degeneransBerlese, were developed after exposure to two pesticides, dicofol and Neemix. For each pesticide, LC50estimates for both species were similar, yet the two species exhibited completely different susceptibility when population growth rate was the endpoint evaluated;I. degeneranswas much more susceptible thanT. urticaeto either pesticide. For example, populations ofI. degeneransbecame extinct after exposure to 250-ppm azadirachtin, the active ingredient in Neemix, whileT. urticaepopulations became extinct after exposure to 1000 ppm. A similar relationship was found for dicofol. The no observable effect concentration (NOEC) for population growth rates after Neemix exposure was 4 ppm forI. degeneransand 125 ppm forT. urticae.These NOEC values were equivalent to the acute LC2for the immature stage ofI. degeneransand the acute LC65for the immature stage ofT. urticae.Consequently, populations ofT. urticaewere able to compensate for high losses of individuals whileI. degeneranspopulations could not compensate for losses. An analysis of reproduction data indicated that unexposedT. urticaeproduced four to five times more offspring thanI. degenerans.This in itself was important because it indicated thatI. degeneranswas intrinsically more susceptible thanT. urticaebecause similar effects on reproduction would be more devastating to the species with a lower reproductive rate. Results indicate that a species' reproductive potential can greatly influence its susceptibility to toxicants.
Proteolytic Activity of Proteinases on Macropeptide Isolated from κ-Casein

Proteolytic activities of chymosin, bovine pepsin, Mucor miehei rennet, Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly Endothia parasitica) rennet, trypsin, and chymotrypsin on kappa-casein macropeptide were measured. Macropeptide solutions (10 mg/ml of .05 M, pH 6.6 phosphate buffer) were incubated with the enzymes at 37 degrees C for various times, and their reactions were stopped by adding .025 ml of pepstatin (1 mg/ml of methanol). Peptides released from kappa-casein macropeptide were then fractionated using reverse-phase HPLC. At the pH of milk (pH 6.6), kappa-casein macropeptide was resistant to enzymic action by chymosin, bovine pepsin, and M. miehei and C. parasitica rennets. Bovine pepsin hydrolyzed kappa-casein macropeptide at pH 3. kappa-Casein macropeptide was readily hydrolyzed at pH 6.6 by trypsin and chymotrypsin. Possible physiological functions of the kappa-casein macropeptide are discussed in light of these findings.
The General Law of US Capitalist Accumulation: Contingent Work and the Working Class

For several years now, there has been a minor rekindling of interest in the ideas of Karl Marx, hailed in the New Yorker as “the next big thinker.” Like other articles supposedly professing sympathy with Marx, this exhibits a common misconception. It is also underwritten with the following revisionism: Given that the agents of social change–the “modern working class”–are shrinking drastically and disappearing fast, Marx’s revolutionary hopes are doomed. Nowonly a residual Marx prevails, a Marx-lite, a mere analyzer of the defects of bourgeois society. This article seeks to contest these distortions. It brings Marx to bear on the present US context, positing him as an apt economic critic and telling political prophet of millennial America. It addresses standard clichA©s about his class definition and emphasizes how Marx really left us with a flexible, dialectical theory, hinging on the process of capital accumulation. From the standpoint of accumulation dynamics, we can justifiably argue that the working class is still growing, not shrinking in numbers. From this perspective, too, we might better comprehend the whole phenomenon of corporate downsizing and “contingent work” within the remit of Marx’s different forms of relative surplus populations. The attendant questions about working class organization and politics are dealt with in the paper’s conclusion, which illustrates how Marxian-style resistance is already beginning to take hold in the United States.
A high-frequency first-principle model of a shock absorber and servo-hydraulic tester

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the model of a complete system, consisting of a variable damping shock absorber and a specialized servo-hydraulic tester, used to evaluate the vibration levels produced by a shock absorber. This kind of evaluation is used within the automotive industry to investigate shock absorbers, as an alternative to vehicle-level tests. The purpose of such testing is to quantify a shock absorber's ability to transfer the mid- and high-frequency content of the vibrations passing from the road profile, through the suspension, to the vehicle body. The first-principle non-linear model formulated, derived and validated in this paper allows laboratory test conditions to be reproduced. It also provides an understanding of structural vibrations in regard to the dynamical interactions between the shock absorber, its basic components (e.g. valve systems), mounting elements, and the hydraulic actuator. The model is capable of capturing important dynamical properties over a wide operating range, yet is only moderately complex. The model has proved to be qualitatively suitable and quantitatively accurate based on validation work performed for the entire frequency range of interest, i.e. 0–700 Hz. The application scope of this study covers the engineering need to develop a simulation tool for high-frequency shock absorber design optimization.
On the photoreceptor pigment for phototropism and phototaxis: is a carotenoid the most likely candidate?

— The absorption spectrum of lycopene can be altered to show significant absorption in the 350–360 nm region in an ethanol-water mixture, thus resembling the phototropic action spectrum of Avena coleoptiles. The hypochromicity (bleaching) of the main absorption band and appearance of the new band at 350–360 nm can be attributed to exciton interactions between two stacked lycopene molecules. β-Carotene does not show anomalous bleaching under identical conditions. Thus, the apparent modification of the absorption spectra of carotenoids in ethanol-water mixtures cannot be used as an argument to resolve the action spectrum in terms of carotenoids. In addition, we have critically reviewed the spectroscopic characteristics of carotenoids. Short lifetimes of the excited singlet states and inefficient intersystem crossing of carotenoids are not compatible with the suggestion that carotenoids are the most likely candidate for the photoreceptor pigment in phototropism.
NaF‐KF‐K2NbF7 Fused Salt Temperature‐Solubility Diagram

Freezing and eutectic temperatures were determined for the NaF-KF-K2NbF7 ternary system and the NaF-K2NbF7, KFK2NbF7, and NaF-KF binary systems. The compound KF-K2NbF7 freezes congruently at 770°C; eutectics occur at 708° and 724°C for high- and low-K2NbF7 mixtures, respectively. The NaF-K2NbF7 eutectic freezes at 658°C. The ternary system has two eutectics, a high-KF mixture and a high-K2NbF7 mixture, which occur at 663° and 652°C, respectively.
Effects of Emotionally Charged Auditory Stimulation on Gait Performance in the Elderly: A Preliminary Study

Objectives To evaluate the effect of a novel divided attention task—walking under auditory constraints—on gait performance in older adults and to determine whether this effect was moderated by cognitive status.
An approximation technique for real-valued functions☆

Abstract We describe, briefly, a functor m which coreflects the category of uniform spaces onto a certain subcategory (“ M -fine spaces”). The point of this paper is the effect of m on uniformly continuous real-valued functions. (Later papers will treat m and its range, explicitly.) The main theorem here is this. With U a family of real-valued functions on the set X whose collection of uniform limits is a vector lattice, and with μ the U -weak uniformity on X, each nonnegative function in C(mμX) is the pointwise limit of an increasing sequence from U . When the U -topology is Lindelo C(mμX) = C(X), and using Dini's Theorem, it follows that U is sequentially dense in C(X) with the compact-open topology, a result containing the Stone-Weierstrass Theorem.
Rat models of skin wound healing: A review

Rats have been widely used in the study of skin wound healing and the efficacy of different treatment modalities. This particular animal species is often selected for its availability, low cost, and small size. To define the current use of rat skin wound healing models, this manuscript provides a review of articles published between 2000 and 2003 that chose rats as their research animals. Of the 55 articles reviewed, it was found that 38.2% of the studies used incisional models and 38.2% used excisional models, with some studies using combinations. The majority of the studies (78.2%) used the rat's dorsum as the wound location. Male Sprague Dawley in the 250-300 gram weight range were the most preferred rats. Sodium pentobarbital/pentobarbitone was the most commonly used anesthetic choice. Similarities and differences in the selected experimental conditions are noted and questions are raised with regard to comparability between studies and the ability to transfer the data from the animal model to the human clinical situation. Attempts to compare studies for the advancement of wound healing knowledge are being hampered by the differences found between the studies. Standardization in reporting could facilitate comparisons and may instigate additional research that favors the inevitable comparisons between the studies. Thus, universal reporting requirements need to be developed for animal wound healing studies.
What Middle School Students Have to Say about Strategy Use in Social Studies.

The following study describes how eighth grade social studies students used strategies to learn material in their social studies class. Using case study methodology, the researcher explored the strategies that students used to learn information, the frequency of their strategic usage, and the students' methods for acquiring strategies. Students preferred rehearsing information over and over again, tended to use strategies when they saw a need such as preparing for an exam, and learned their strategies on their own, from a family member, or from a teacher. For middle school students, having the knowledge of strategies gave them varied tools for learning information and skills in their social studies classroom.
Biological disturbance and camouflage of sedimentary features on the Northeast United States slope and rise

Evidence from over 200 sediment cores, numerous submersible dives, and bottom photographs prove that bioturbation and bioerosion are ongoing processes affecting northeastern U.S. continental slope and rise sedimentation. Evidence of biological activity was found in greater than 95% of the cores examined. Submersible dive observations reveal that the results of biological activity often dominate sea-floor microtopography. Bioturbation can disturb sediments several centimeters deep in a matter of seconds and is in some areas the primary sediment transport mechanism. Many cores with sandy intervals were profoundly disturbed by bioturbation. Biologically camouflaged sand-rich intervals can easily be missed by visual observation.
The hadron to quark/gluon transition

Abstract The chiral restoration reached at a temperature Tc = TχSR ≈= 140 MeV in lattice gauge calculations is discussed. Using arguments based on the scaling properties of chiral Lagrangians and from the QCD sum rules, it is argued that hadrons decrease in mass with increasing temperatures and go essentially massless at TχSR. A sufficient number of hadrons go massless so that their degeneracy is comparable with that of quarks and gluons. In this case, the pressure in the hadron gas is greater than that in the quark/gluon sector, preventing the decondensation phase transition. Evidence is adduced that gluons remain condenced for temperatures T > TχSR.
The importance of peroxide and superoxide in the X-ray response

Radiation produces a number of damaging radicals as well as peroxide. The chief cellular protection against these radicals, their secondary reactants and peroxide is the cellular glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase, GSH-S-transferase (GSHTase), and catalase enzymes. Inhibition of cellular catalase alone does not enhance the aerobic radiation response because cellular GSH peroxidase is equally effective in reducing peroxide. However, inhibition of GSHTase, and partial inhibition of peroxidase by L-buthionine sulfoximine (LBSO)-linked GSH depletion, results in an increased aerobic radiation response. The major pathway for peroxide reduction is the GSH peroxidase. The enzyme is accountable for 70% inactivation of low peroxide concentrations. Catalase accounts for the remaining inactivation. However, it is difficult to assess the relative contributions of GSHTase and peroxidase to the inactivation of radiation-produced hydroperoxides. Our data suggest that GSH depletion results in the inhibition of cellular GSHTase before it inhibits GSH peroxidase. Therefore, part of the increased aerobic radiation response maybe due to cellular inability to reduce hydroperoxides. Peroxide is not a substrate for GSHTase. However, total inhibition of peroxidase by L-BSO plus N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) treatment maximizes the aerobic radiation response. Total inhibition of GSH-S-transferase and peroxidase would block both peroxide and hydroperoxide reduction.
Significance of carbon isotope discrimination between bulk carbon and extracted phospholipid fatty acids in selected terrestrial and marine environments

Abstract The development of compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) has led to many new environmental applications. One advantage of making isotopic measurements of biomarkers over that of bulk carbon is that specific components of an ecosystem can be defined isotopically. This approach has been used recently with phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), which can be a proxy for bacteria. We conducted a comparison of bacterial PLFAs and bulk carbon isotope ratios in diverse terrestrial, estuarine and marine environments. The isotopic discrimination between bulk carbon and PLFA 16:0 varied from +0.1 to −11.4‰ and was greatest in environments that were likely anoxic and where methane was a potential carbon source. This approach was used to estimate that methane accounted for about 15% of the carbon used by bacteria in a Gulf of Mexico cold seep site.
A physiologic approach to initiating, maintaining, and withdrawing mechanical ventilatory support during acute respiratory failure.

What follows is an attempt to provide a physiologic basis for initiating, maintaining, and withdrawing mechanical ventilatory support to patients with acute respiratory failure. Where personal preferences are included, effective alternatives are either mentioned or referenced
STABILITY OF THE DISTANT SATELLITES OF THE GIANT PLANETS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

We conduct a systematic survey of the regions in which distant satellites can orbit stably around the four giant planets in the solar system, using orbital integrations of up to 109 yr. In contrast to previous investigations, we use a grid of initial conditions on a surface of section to explore phase space uniformly inside and outside the planet's Hill sphere (radius r H; satellites outside the Hill sphere sometimes are also known as quasi-satellites). Our confirmations and extensions of old results and new findings include the following: (1) many prograde and retrograde satellites can survive out to radii ~0.5r H and ~0.7r H, respectively, while some coplanar retrograde satellites of Jupiter and Neptune can survive out to ~r H; (2) stable orbits do not exist within the Hill sphere at high ecliptic inclinations when the semimajor axis is large enough that the solar tide is the dominant non-Keplerian perturbation; (3) there is a gap between ~r H and 2r H in which no stable orbits exist; (4) at distances 2r H stable satellite orbits exist around Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune (but not Saturn). For Uranus and Neptune, in particular, stable orbits are found at distances as large as ~10r H; (5) the differences in the stable zones beyond the Hill sphere arise mainly from differences in the planet/Sun mass ratio and perturbations from other planets; in particular, the absence of stable satellites around Saturn is mainly due to perturbations from Jupiter. It is, therefore, likely that satellites at distances 2r H could survive for the lifetime of the solar system around Uranus, Neptune, and, perhaps, Jupiter.
All about FACE--plants in a high-[CO2] world.

The work has been supported by NSF DBI 0223905 and IBN0219322 and by UIUC and VT institutional grants.
THE EDUCATION OF A GEOGRAPHER

(1956). THE EDUCATION OF A GEOGRAPHER. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 287-299.
Non-isomorphic caterpillars with identical subtree data

The greedoid Tutte polynomial of a tree is equivalent to a generating function that encodes information about the number of subtrees with I internal (non-leaf) edges and L leaf edges, for all I and L. We prove that this information does not uniquely determine the tree T by constructing an infinite family of pairs of non-isomorphic caterpillars, each pair having identical subtree data. This disproves conjectures of [S. Chaudhary, G. Gordon, Tutte polynomials for trees, J. Graph Theory 15 (1991) 317-331] and [G. Gordon, E. McDonnell, D. Orloff, N. Yung, On the Tutte polynomial of a tree, Congr. Numer. 108 (1995) 141-151] and contrasts with the situation for rooted trees, where this data completely determines the rooted tree.
SIR 2006 Film Panel Case: Mesenteric Involvement and Bowel Infarction due to Buerger Disease

A 34-year-old construction worker with a lengthy history of smoking was examined for cramping and numbness of his hands and feet of several months’ duration. To date, the findings of his neurologic and musculoskeletal studies had been noncontributory. After hand angiography at another institution, the patient experienced a cold and painful right foot. Popliteal and distal pulses were absent, and the patient required an emergent right common femoral artery surgical thrombectomy. The thrombus formed near the site of arterial puncture and was thought to be a complication of the arteriography. Postoperatively, the patient’s right leg remained cold. He was urgently transferred to our institution. Emergent angiography demonstrated occlusion of the right anterior tibial artery and multiple segmental stenoses of the posterior tibial and peroneal arteries, none of which improved with intraarterial administration of the vasodilator tolazoline. The patient was treated conservatively with anticoagulants and calcium-channel blockers, with marginal clinical improvement. After peripheral angiography, the patient returned home, awaiting elec-
A Chrominance Demodulator IC with Dynamic Flesh Correction

A chrominance demodulator integrated circuit,* is described which includes a novel dynamic flesh correction circuit for modulating the reference carrier in the vicinity of flesh colors as a function of the phase information contained in the chrominance signal. The circuit corrects purple and green flesh tones without affecting the primary red, blue, and green colors.
Optimal Feed-Forward Digital Tracking Controller Design

This paper presents an approach for optimal digital feed-forward tracking controller design. The tracking problem is formulated as a model matching problem, in which the distance between a specified tracking reference model and the achievable tracking performance by feedforward compensation is minimized. Desired input/output characteristics, finite length preview action, tracking of specific classes of constrained signals, time domain reference signal velocity or acceleration bound, and frequency domain weighting are conveniently incorporated in the proposed controller design and their roles in tracking performance are discussed. The tracking error bound is also explicitly expressed in terms of the controller design parameters. An l 1 norm optimal tracking controller is proposed as a solution to the mechanical tolerance control problem. A motion control example illustrates the design approach and several aspects of the resulting optimal feedforward controller, including the optimality of the zero phase error tracking controller
Search for novel reentrant superconductivity at high magnetic field in a quasi-one-dimensional organic superconductor

Abstract In recent theoretical works, Lebed′ et al. , Dupuis and Montambaux, and Tesanovic et al. predict novel upper critical field features in puasi-1-D and puasi-2-D superconductors. In the 1-D case, a Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (LOFF) state is proposed to occur at high magnetic field oping to topological k -space considerations. For the 2-D case, quantum effects associated pith Landau puantipation lead to comparable predictions, phich include a type of reentrant superconductivity hitherto unexplored. pe have reinvestigated the superconducting transition in a candidate material, (TMTSF) 2 ClO 4 , phich can be regarded as both puasi-1-D and puasi-2-D. The magnetic field pas oriented in such a pap as to satisfp the repuirements of either dimensional effect. At lop temperature, pe find both positive curvature and positive slope in H ( T ) phase space, and discuss here the prospect of these features being representative of high field superconductivity.
Surgery for infective endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is estimated to have an incidence of five to seven cases per 100,000 person-years. Although not a common clinical entity, IE is associated with substantial morbidity and risk of mortality. IE, especially infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, are increasingly healthcare-associated infections. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and management, mortality from IE has changed little since the availability of penicillin; however, this lack of improvement in mortality is likely due to an increasing number of infections from more virulent and drug-resistant pathogens coupled with infections that occur in patients with other comorbidities and those associated with prosthetic valves. Surgery is an important part of therapy for many patients, but surprisingly, little evidence is available to help clinicians determine which patients will benefit most from surgical therapy for the management of IE.
Returning radiation in accretion disks around black holes.

Returning radiation is radiation emitted by an accretion disk which returns to its surface due to gravitational focusing or the shape of the disk. While it is unimportant for thin disks around nonrotating black holes, returning radiation will have significant effects on the structure and appearance of thin disks around rotating holes with a/Mapprox. =1. We calculate the flux of the returning radiation as a function of radius for a/M=0.9, 0.99, 0.9981, and 0.9999, treating the propagation of the radiation by general-relativistic geometric optics and treating the disk as thin. We also consider the effects of returning radiation on the spectrum of an accretion disk seen by a distant observer. The spectrum will be modified by the returning radiation at photon energies greater than about 10 keV and less than about 10 eV. The notch at 10 keV in the ''pre-transition'' spectrum of Cyg X-1 might be a ''signature'' of returning radiation. (AIP)
Direct Inference of the Spectra of Pericardial Potentials using the Boundary-Element Method

New methods, based on Tikhonov regularization, were developed to infer the magnitude and phase of pericardial potentials directly. These methods were tested in an adult-male torso model using measured human epicardial potentials. With 1% noise added to body-surface potentials, regularization with an optimal parameter at each frequency from 1 to 100 Hz gave an average relative error (RE) in inferred spectral magnitudes of 0.44. Regularization with the composite–residual–smoothing–operator (CRESO) parameter increased the RE slightly to 0.47. With 10% additive noise, 10 mm overestimation of heart radius, and a 10 mm error in heart position, the average CRESO parameter from 1 to 100 Hz gave an average RE of 0.71. Performance was frequency dependent. The smallest REs occurred at low frequencies. With 1% noise, optimal regularization gave average REs of 0.20, 0.40, and 0.53 in the 1–15, 15–46, and 46–100 Hz bands, respectively. Direct inference of spectral magnitudes was more accurate than Fourier transformation of inferred time-domain waveforms. Results suggest that when heart size and location are not known, minimum REs in spectral estimates are found using an overestimated heart size and a regularization parameter which is the average value over the frequency band of interest. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8719Hh, 8719Nn, 0260Lj
Alternative Models of Synthesized Programs for Executing Condition System Controllers

Abstract In this paper, we consider the problem of creating synthesized programs to implement a controller automatically generated through discrete-event control synthesis techniques. The controller is represented as a set of discrete event models comparable to extended state machines, where the individual control components interact with each other and with the plant via condition signals. We discuss three alternative approaches for the synthesized program to represent these control components. We discuss benefits and drawbacks to each.
Immediate custom implant for the mandible.

Abstract Recent advances in the technology of casting chrome-cobalt alloys for partial denture frameworks has resulted in a technic for fabricating a custom-made mandibular implant during a single surgical appointment. The fabricating procedures are performed during the initial surgery and therefore eliminates the necessity of the patient undergoing a second surgical procedure for attachment of the implant. The implant fits the bone abutments with a high degree of accuracy which offers greater support, rigidity, and immobility to the implant. This method of implant fabrication has practical application for patients suffering from cancer, traumatic injury, or gun shot wounds of the mandible.
Quantum interference in 2D atomic-scale structures

Abstract Electrons occupying surface states on the close-packed faces of the noble metals form a two-dimensional (2D) electron gas that is accessible to the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Using a cryogenic STM, we have observed quantum mechanical interference patterns arising from 2D electrons on the surface of Cu. These interference patterns can be artificially controlled by arranging individual Fe atoms into “quantum corrals” on the Cu surface. Quantum corrals behave qualitatively like 2D hard-wall boxes, but a quantitative understanding is obtained within a multiple scattering formalism. The scattering here is characterized by a complex phase shift which can be extracted from the electronic density pattern near a quantum corral.
Osteoblast adhesion to orthopaedic implant alloys: Effects of cell adhesion molecules and diamond‐like carbon coating

In total joint arthroplasty, long-term outcomes depend in part on the biocompatibility of implant alloys. This study analyzed effects of surface finish and diamond-like carbon coating on osteoblast cell adhesion to polished titanium-aluminum-vanadium and polished or grit-blasted cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys. Osteoblast binding was tested in the presence and absence of the cell adhesion proteins fibronectin, laminin, fibrinogen, and vitronectin and was quantified by measurement of DNA content. Although adherence occurred in serum-free medium, maximal osteoblast binding required serum and was similar for titanium and cobalt alloys at 2 and 12 hours. With the grit-blasted cobalt alloy, cell binding was reduced 48% (p < 0.05) by 24 hours. Coating the alloys with diamond-like carbon did not alter osteoblast adhesion, whereas fibronectin pretreatment increased cell binding 2.6-fold (p < 0.05). In contrast, fibrinogen, vitronectin, and laminin did not enhance cell adhesion. These results support the hypothesis that cell adhesion proteins can modify cell binding to orthopaedic alloys. Although osteoblast binding was not affected by the presence of diamond-like carbon, this coating substance may influence other longer term processes, such as bone formation, and deserves further study.
Scholastic Journalism Teacher Use of Digital Devices and Social Networking Tools in a Poor, Largely Rural State:

Research showing adolescents’ ever-increasing use of digital devices, combined with calls from governmental officials to incorporate more technology into classroom activities, prompted this survey of Arkansas scholastic journalism advisers. The goal was to determine how they used digital communication devices in their teaching. Results showed lack of funding, lack of teacher experience, and lack of administrative permission suppressed use of several devices, while student-owned devices were used for a variety of journalism-related purposes.
Transient Solitary Diastolic Murmurs in the Newborn

Three newborn infants were observed to have murmurs restricted to diastole. None was considered ill, and none has exhibited symptoms or findings of cardiopulmonary disease throughout follow-up. Localization of the diastolic timing and absence of a significant systolic component of the murmur were confirmed by phonocardiography. The transient nature of the finding was established by serial phonocardiography. Essentially normal cardiac anatomy was determined by routine chest radiograms, electrocardiograms, and echocardiography in both M and two-dimensional modes. Suggestive evidence for left-to-right shunting was present in each case. Invasive studies were not performed. An anatomic cause for the diastolic murmur was not discovered, suggesting it could be related to the ductus arteriosus or mild pulmonary in sufficiency.