cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On-line soft error correction in matrix–matrix multiplication

Abstract Soft errors are one-time events that corrupt the state of a computing system but not its overall functionality. Soft errors normally do not interrupt the execution of the affected program, but the affected computation results cannot be trusted any more. A well known technique to correct soft errors in matrix–matrix multiplication is algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT). While ABFT achieves much better efficiency than triple modular redundancy (TMR) – a traditional general technique to correct soft errors, both ABFT and TMR detect errors off-line after the computation is finished. This paper extends the traditional ABFT technique from off-line to on-line so that soft errors in matrix–matrix multiplication can be detected in the middle of the computation during the program execution and higher efficiency can be achieved by correcting the corrupted computations in a timely manner. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique can correct one error every ten seconds with negligible (i.e. less than 1%) performance penalty over the ATLAS dgemm() .
Enhanced temporal resolution with a scanning imaging radiometer

A system has been developed that reduces the effective integration time of an off-shelf RS-170 optomechanical scanning imaging radiometer by two orders of magnitude. The system can be used to image repetitive thermal events at frequencies up to 4 kHz, without aliasing. The effective integration time of the system is 125 μs/frame. Examples include in-cylinder engine combustion and heat transfer in a transistor operating at 2.5 kHz.
Calculation of contaminant distribution in tree and ground nuts

A comparison of two different calculational methods is presented to predict the sample distribution P(C;N) of granular products at any sample size, from an experimental distribution at a single N. The Negative Binomial density distribution can handle any N that is large with respect to the test size, but is limited to the precision of two parameter functions. Its application is simple and rapid, particularly at large λ, and useful for obtaining the lot average concentration, . The non-parametric method can handle any approximation to the experimental data. It is treated as a sum of Poisson (or multinomial) distributions with varying λl =Npl , where pl is the probability of a kernel containing contaminant in a range of c. This method is currently restricted to λl <2, and is more laborious than the Negative Binomial. It is ideal for discerning small changes in P(C;N) at small N, indicative of the effects of production, processing and sorting. These methods were applied to the analysis of contamination in...
Multicomponent prestack depth migration using the elastic screen method

A 3D multicomponent prestack depth-migration method is presented. An elastic-screen propagator based on one-way wave propagation with a wide-angle correction is used to extrapolate both source and receiver wavefields. The elastic-screen propagator neglects backscattered waves but can handle forward multiple-scattering effects, such as focusing/defocusing, diffraction, interference, and conversions between P- and S-waves. Vector-imaging conditions are used to generate a P-P image and a P-S converted-wave image. The application of the multicomponent elastic propagator and vector-imaging condition preserves more information carried by the elastic waves. It also solves the polarization problem of converted-wave imaging. Partial images from different sources with correct polarizations can be stacked to generate a final image. Numerical examples using 2D synthetic data sets are presented to show the feasibility of this method.
Development and testing of a coupled ocean–atmosphere mesoscale ensemble prediction system

A coupled ocean–atmosphere mesoscale ensemble prediction system has been developed by the Naval Research Laboratory. This paper describes the components and implementation of the system and presents baseline results from coupled ensemble simulations for two tropical cyclones. The system is designed to take into account major sources of uncertainty in: (1) non-deterministic dynamics, (2) model error, and (3) initial states. The purpose of the system is to provide mesoscale ensemble forecasts for use in probabilistic products, such as reliability and frequency of occurrence, and in risk management applications. The system components include COAMPS® (Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System) and NCOM (Navy Coastal Ocean Model) for atmosphere and ocean forecasting and NAVDAS (NRL Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System) and NCODA (Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation) for atmosphere and ocean data assimilation. NAVDAS and NCODA are 3D-variational (3DVAR) analysis schemes. The ensembles are generated using separate applications of the Ensemble Transform (ET) technique in both the atmosphere (for moving or non-moving nests) and the ocean. The atmospheric ET is computed using wind, temperature, and moisture variables, while the oceanographic ET is derived from ocean current, temperature, and salinity variables. Estimates of analysis error covariance, which is used as a constraint in the ET, are provided by the ocean and atmosphere 3DVAR assimilation systems. The newly developed system has been successfully tested for a variety of configurations, including differing model resolution, number of members, forecast length, and moving and fixed nest options. Results from relatively coarse resolution (∼27-km) ensemble simulations of Hurricanes Hanna and Ike demonstrate that the ensemble can provide valuable uncertainty information about the storm track and intensity, though the ensemble mean provides only a small amount of improved predictive skill compared to the deterministic control member.
The Association between Romantic Love and Marriage Kephart (1967) Twice Revisited

In the mid-1960s, college men and women held different views of the importance of romantic love as a necessary precondition to marriage (Kephart, 1967). Women, much more so than men, reported that the absence of romantic love would not necessarily deter them from contracting a marriage. In two investigations, conducted approximately 10 and 20 years after Kephart's survey, we reassessed the role that romantic love assumes in the establishment and maintenance of marital relationships. Our results reveal that (1) a vast majority of both men and women now view romantic love as a necessary prerequisite to establishing a marital relationship; (2) since the mid-1960s, a significantly larger percentage of both men and women now indicate that they would not marry someone unless they were in love with him or her; and (3) romantic love is perceived to play a critical role not only in the establishment of a marital relationship but in its maintenance as well. These findings are discussed in the context of the dramati...
Quantification of shrimp in shrimp-surimi mixtures using urea gel isoelectric focusing

A method of quantitate the percent content by weight of shrimp in surimi-pink shrimp mixtures was developed by comparing peak areas of two Alaska pollock surimi-specific (pI 7.11 and 7.17) and two shrimp-specific (pI 5.46 and 5.52) protein bands on isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels. An equation describing the linear relationship between peak areas and protein from the standard samples of surimi, shrimp and surimi-pink shrimp mixtures was also developed. Using this method, unknown mixtures containing 10.0, 12.4 and 5.7% pink shrimp, respectively, were determined in blind studies to contain 8.3, 12.0 and 4.4% shrimp and 85.7, 86.8, and 92.7% surimi, respectively.
Exercise and Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Regular physical activity using large muscle groups, such as walking, running, or swimming, produces cardiovascular adaptations that increase exercise capacity, endurance, and skeletal muscle strength. Habitual physical activity also prevents the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and reduces symptoms in patients with established cardiovascular disease. There is also evidence that exercise reduces the risk of other chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes,1 osteoporosis,2 obesity,3 depression,4 and cancer of the breast5 and colon.6 This American Heart Association (AHA) Scientific Statement for health professionals summarizes the evidence for the benefits of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, provides suggestions to healthcare professionals for implementing physical activity programs for their patients, and identifies areas for future investigation. This statement focuses on aerobic physical activity and does not directly evaluate resistance exercises, such as weight lifting, because most of the research linking physical activity and cardiovascular disease has evaluated aerobic activity. Whenever possible, the writing group has cited summary articles or meta-analyses to support conclusions and recommendations. This evidence supports the recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) that individuals should engage in 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most (preferably all) days of the week.7 Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure beyond resting expenditure. Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful in the sense that improvement or maintenance of physical fitness is the objective. Physical fitness includes cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body composition, and flexibility, comprising a set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity. When defining the amount of …
Colloquium on Rethinking the Future of Scientific Communication

The format of communicating scientific information through professional journals has changed very little since the late 19th century. Recent advances in information technology have revolutionized the search and discovery of scientific information, yet neither the migration from paper to electronic publishing nor the explosion of social media tools has substantially altered the basic format for presenting scientific findings. By comparison, the popular press has undergone a transformation to better present and relay complex information to general readers, whose expectations about how to find and use …
Human infections caused by the Raccoon roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis

Abstract Raccoons are the natural host of the roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis , a zoonotic nematode parasite capable of causing severe human ocular and neurologic disease. Although a rare human infection, baylisascariasis is increasingly being recognized as a significant public health problem, especially in young children less than 4 years old. Large numbers of raccoons are frequently found living in urban and suburban environments, where they thrive because of easily accessible food and shelter. Transmission of the parasite occurs through the inadvertent ingestion of B. procyonis eggs, which are shed in the feces of infected raccoons. Groups of raccoons typically defecate in common areas called latrines, where large numbers of environmentally resistant eggs accumulate. Once released in the intestinal tract, B. procyonis larvae migrate extensively and aggressively in tissues, causing an intense eosinophilic inflammatory reaction. The larvae have a noted tendency to invade the eye (causing ocular larva migrans [OLM], spinal cord, and brain (causing neural larva migrans [NLM]). Infections in humans can be difficult to confirm, and [OLM], spinal cord, and brain (causing neural larva migrans [NLM]). Infections in humans can be difficult to confirm, and diagnosis is typically arrived at by exclusion of other known causes of OLM and NLM. There is no effective cure for human infection. Steroids and anthelmintic agents are usually employed for symptomatic treatment, but their efficacy is controversial. Preventing the establishment of raccoon latrine sites in areas where humans live is of paramount public health importance.
A mechanism and kinetics of discharge pumped mercury bromide lasers

Emission spectra of the HgBr (B/sup 2/ Sigma /sup +/-Z/sup 2/ Sigma /sup +/) band system and atomic mercury lines observed during collisions of HgBr/sub 2/ with N/sup +//N/sub 2//sup +/ ions at different laboratory kinetic energies are discussed. Emission cross sections of the most intense band of the HgBr transition at 502 nm have been measured at low energies of the projectile ions. Collision-induced dissociative excitation processes appear to be the dominant mechanism producing these emissions. >
Phenotypic Heterogeneity of the Endothelium II. Representative Vascular Beds

Endothelial cells, which form the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and lymphatics, display remarkable heterogeneity in structure and function. This is the second of a 2-part review on the phenotypic heterogeneity of blood vessel endothelial cells. The first part discusses the scope, the underlying mechanisms, and the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, these principles are applied to an understanding of organ-specific phenotypes in representative vascular beds including arteries and veins, heart, lung, liver, and kidney. The goal is to underscore the importance of site-specific properties of the endothelium in mediating homeostasis and focal vascular pathology, while at the same time emphasizing the value of approaching the endothelium as an integrated system.
Reinterpreting the Inner Self in Global India:‘Malevolent Mothers’, ‘Distant Fathers’ and the Development of Children's Identity:

This essay provides an analysis and review of Dinesh Sharma's edited collection Childhood, Family, and Sociocultural Change in India: Reinterpreting The Inner World. The authors in this book provide a retrospective critique of Sudhir Kakar's grand narrative on Hindu psychology and childhood. While recognizing the tremendous intellectual significance of Kakar's book The InnerWorld: A Psychoanalytic Study of Childhood and Society in India, the authors in this collected volume make a case for reanalyzing and rereading this classic work within the contemporary cultural context of India. The review essay is organized around three significant themes of this book: (1) re-imagining the self in global India; (2) mothers, fathers and the development of self in Indian children; and (3) colonization, postcolonial identity and Indian psychology.
A Cube-Aware Compaction Method for Scan ATPG

We propose a test-cube aware dynamic compaction method for reducing the test set size generated by scan ATPG. In the initial phase of ATPG, when the generated test cubes are significantly compatible, we start with a local cube merging approach. Then, we switch to a compacted cube-generation approach, when the compatibility of test cubes decrease. We propose efficient heuristics for merging test cubes and writing them out during the cube-merging phase. We introduce a novel reasoning analysis technique to learn cube-independent untestable faults and, avoid targeting them repeatedly during the compacted-cube generation phase. On latest Intel microprocessor designs, we are able to achieve up to 2.3X compaction with 20% run-time over-head, on top of on-chip hardware compression.
Invariant Differential Operators and Weyl Group Invariants

In this research announcement we describe the relationship between the algebra Z(G) of bi-invariant differential operators on a simple noncompact Lie group G and the algebra D(G/K )of invariant differential operators on the symmetric space G/K associated with G (cf. §4). The natural map µ: Z(G) → D(G/K) turns out to be surjective except in exactly four cases. These cases involve the exceptional groups and for them the relationship between Z(G) and D(G/K) is quite complicated. However for all cases of G/K, each D ∈ D(G/K) is the “ratio” of two µ(Z 1) and µ (Z 2) (with Z 1,Z 2 ∈ Z(G)). See Theorem 4.1.
The Key to Effective Assessment: Writing Measurable Student Learning Outcomes

In recent years, assessing learning outcomes has become a priority as colleges and universities have had to justify their existence to outside interests. Higher education institutions and administrators have had to account for the effects, or outcomes, of college that demonstrate its value to graduating students. Consequently, student affairs and campus life entities have felt the need to justify their existence within the larger campus community. Therefore, many academic and students affairs departments have refocused their assessment efforts on the student learning outcomes of their programs and other interventions with students. Assessing student learning outcomes has been challenging for many in the recreational sport profession. Part of this challenge lies in an inability to adequately determine and define the object of the assessment. To properly assess learning outcomes, the intended outcomes must be written in specific, measurable terms. This article adapts the ABCD method, introduced by Jordan, D...
Interaction of EGFR and IGF-1R signals to modulate the anti-proliferative and biochemical responses of head and neck squamous cancer (HNSCC) cells to EGFR inhibitors

6045 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors improve the efficacy of radiotherapy for HNSCC and as single-agents induce tumor responses or stabilization in a minority of pati...
Global challenges posed by the growth of end-stage renal disease

Profound challenges confront societies worldwide due to the growth of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Meeting these challenges requires a sober assessment of how overall global health trends affect ESRD, coupled with an understanding of how progress in the care of ESRD patients is most appropriately measured and monitored. For many affluent countries, incident ESRD rates have stabilized since about the middle of the last decade. For example, the number of new cases in the USA has remained stable at approximately 110,000 per year during this period, while in Japan, growth in annual incident counts appears to have stabilized as of 2012. However, incidence rates rose for many developing countries. An immense “renal replacement therapy (RRT) gap,” the difference between the number of people receiving RRT and the number needing it, was recently described, highlighting the magnitude of the difficulties these countries face as they continue to develop. To guide efforts to improve care, broad goals should be established by the worldwide renal health care community. For countries without universal dialysis access, expansion of RRT accessibility should be the first target in order to reduce the RRT gap; for countries that have moved beyond this stage, the goals should include reductions in ESRD incidence rates; all-cause, cardiovascular, and infection-related death rates; and cardiovascular- and infection-related hospitalizations. To inform judgements about progress in this area, measures beyond the traditional standardized mortality ratio are needed. Carefully determining trends over time within a given country, such as is done by the World Health Organization, might prove to be a more useful way to determine progress in combating ESRD and its complications.
Mechanical Working of Refractory Alloys Produced by Melting Processes

The elements generally considered to be the “major” refractory metals are niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) from group VA of the periodic table, and molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) from group VIA. By virtue of their high melting points, these metals and their alloys constitute an important class of materials. When they are produced by melting processes, the resulting ingots usually have large grain sizes, which need to be refined during mechanical working. While the unalloyed refractory metals have varied room-or-low-temperature applications, they require alloy additions, in many cases substantial, to meet the requirements of most of their high-temperature applications. This often results in high flow stresses at elevated working temperatures, and a concomitant decrease in low-temperature ductility. As BCC materials, the refractory metals have ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures, which vary widely from one metal to another and with other metallurgical variables. All of these factors must be taken into account in order to develop successful processing schedules for the refractory metals.
Molecular insights into DNA binding and anchoring by the Bacillus subtilis sporulation kinetochore-like RacA protein

During Bacillus subtilis sporulation, segregating sister chromosomes are anchored to cell poles and the chromosome is remodeled into an elongated structure called the axial filament. Data indicate that a developmentally regulated protein called RacA is involved in these functions. To gain insight into how RacA performs these diverse processes we performed a battery of structural and biochemical analyses. These studies show that RacA contains an N-terminal winged-helix-turn-helix module connected by a disordered region to a predicted coiled-coil domain. Structures capture RacA binding the DNA using distinct protein-protein interfaces and employing adjustable DNA docking modes. This unique DNA binding mechanism indicates how RacA can both specifically recognize its GC-rich centromere and also non-specifically bind the DNA. Adjacent RacA molecules within the protein-DNA structure interact leading to DNA compaction, suggesting a mechanism for axial filament formation. We also show that the RacA C-domain coiled coil directly contacts the coiled coil region of the polar protein DivIVA, which anchors RacA and hence the chromosome to the pole. Thus, our combined data reveal unique DNA binding properties by RacA and provide insight into the DNA remodeling and polar anchorage functions of the protein.
Monitoring,evaluation and analysis of microbiological risks of food hygiene on the market of Nantong

Objective:To learn the hygiene status of the food on market in Nantong,estimate and warn the risks of food safety,and provide the basis for effective regulatory measures.Methods: 3309 samples of 11 categories from the food on market were detected according to the methods in "Microbiological examination of food hygiene",and the results were evaluated in accordance with the national standard.Results: The average pass percent of the samples is 95.13%.Among these,condiment,alcohol,dried fruits are fully qualified,cooked meat and bean products have the least pass rate(80.53% and 73.06% respectively).Conclusion: The overall condition of the food on market in Nantong is generally qualified.Thereinto,cooked meat,bean products and non-stereotyped packaging products have security risks to a certain extent,and the food hygiene regulation in future should be focused on these categories.
The Study of the Characteristics and Seed Multiplicative Techniques for the CMS Line Fanyuan A in Rice

Fanyuan A, a new indica three-line WA-type CMS line have the characteristics of good flowering habits, outstanding flowering time, high out-crossing rate, etc. Through observation of its characteristics for some years, we conclude that there are three kinds of conditions to form its high-yield seed multiplication: seed multiplicative region, the weather and the water management.
Design and Realization of a Digital Intelligent Charger

In order to implement intelligent optimal charge of different types,different voltage and capacity of lithium-ion,nickel-hydrogen batteries,this paper describes a small digital intelligent charger which takes Infineon XC164CM MCU as the core.Then 4.2V/2.2Ah lithium-ion and 12V/1.8Ah nickel-hydrogen batteries are taken for charging experiment.The experiments demonstrates that after 90min constant current charging,charge capacity of lithium-ion battery arrives to 75%,and at the constant voltage state the charging current declines exponentially which equates with the charging current curve of the lithium-ion battery.After 94min charging,the terminal voltage of nickel-hydrogen battery reaches its maximum and 0ΔV is detected within 2 min.Then float charge of nickel-hydrogen battery is implemented by using 50mA current to avoid overcharging.The charging process is proved to be intelligent control.
Second-Order Elliptic Differential Equations

This chapter discusses the second-order elliptic differential equations. For elliptic partial equations, the Cauchy or mixed problems are not the natural ones to consider. While on one hand, the initial conditions have to be analytic to assure the existence of solutions, on the other hand, even such strong conditions do not assure the continuous dependence of the solution on the initial data. It turns out that the correctly posed problems for elliptic equations are the boundary value problems. The simplest elliptic equation of the second order is the Laplace equation whose solutions are called harmonic functions. The chapter presents the fundamental boundary value problems for elliptic operators and describes the general properties of elliptic operators. It also illustrates the application of the Green's function in the solution of Dirichlet's problem for a half-plane. The physical interpretation of the Green's function is the potential at M because of a positive unit charge placed at M i . The surface S is assumed to be a grounded conductor.
Damage and mortality patterns in young mixed conifer plantations following prescribed fires in the Sierra Nevada, California

Highlights - Prescribed burns can be feasibly conducted in stands as young as 12 years old. - Giant sequoia had exceptionally high survival; sugar pine had the lowest survival. - Pruning had minimal effects on survival. - Spring burns in young stands killed seven times as many trees as fall burns. Abstract High-severity wildfires increasingly influence forests in the western United States. Extensive research has identified preventative practices including mechanical and prescribed fire treatments to reduce wildfire severity in mature stands. Yet limited research has investigated fuel management treatments in young stands which can be particularly vulnerable to even low intensity fire. To address this gap, we investigated how prescribed fire (conducted in both the spring and fall) and pre-treatment fuel modifications impacted individual tree damage (or injury) and mortality in nine 13–14 year old mixed conifer stands in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Prior to burning, randomly selected trees were pruned to 1.8 m height above ground. Randomly selected trees were also raked to reduce surrounding surface fuel. Raking fuel from trees reduced the amount of crown volume scorched for all species, but not enough trees died to determine if raking influenced probability of survival. Pruning was associated with reductions in crown consumption height and percent crown volume consumed (5% of crown volume in pruned versus <1% of crown volume unpruned, p = 0.02) but was not a significant predictor of percent of crown volume scorched brown. Pruned trees had only 27% of the mortality of unpruned trees when less than half of the crown was scorched (p = 0.046). However the mortality of pruned trees showed no less sensitivity to fire damage at higher levels of crown scorch (p = 0.0076); in fact extremely scorched trees appeared more likely to die when pruned. Mortality differed strongly by species; giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) showed 97% post-fire survival while nearly half of sugar pines (Pinus lambertiana) died. Fires occurring in spring months killed seven times as many trees as those in autumn months. While the results demonstrate that prescribed burns can be feasible in stands as young as 13 years old, the factors of post-fire damage and mortality are different compared to mature stands. Species composition, pre-fire fuel reduction treatments, and timing of prescribed burns are all important considerations for managers wanting to develop resilient young stands with prescribed fire.
Molecular biological studies in atherothrombotic brain infarction.

AbstractStrokes due to atherosclerosis are the most prominent neurological disease affecting adults, and efforts to reduce stroke occurrence, in addition to stroke-risk reduction, will require insights into molecular mechanisms. Our studies showing abnormal metabolism of low and high density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) in vivo and of RFLP in apoprotein Al, the major protein of HDL, in stroke-prone subjects suggest that greater exploration of fundamental mechanisms of atherothrombotic brain infarction (ABI) should yield preventative strategies, the ultimate treatment for strokes.
Operating Characteristic and Average Sample Number Functions for Attribute-Based Sequential Test Plans

On presente un programme Fortran applicable a ces plans. L'echantillonnage peut etre base sur une distribution binomiale ou de Poisson. Le programme peut analyser des plans sequentiels tronques avec des frontieres lineaires, des plans a echantillonnage double et des plans a taille d'echantillon determine
The Importance of Properly Compensating for Head Movements During MEG Acquisition Across Different Age Groups.

Unlike EEG sensors, which are attached to the head, MEG sensors are located outside the head surface on a fixed external device. Subject head movements during acquisition thus distort the magnetic field distributions measured by the sensors. Previous studies have looked at the effect of head movements, but no study has comprehensively looked at the effect of head movements across age groups, particularly in infants. Using MEG recordings from subjects ranging in age from 3 months through adults, here we first quantify the variability in head position as a function of age group. We then combine these measured head movements with brain activity simulations to determine how head movements bias source localization from sensor magnetic fields measured during movement. We find that large amounts of head movement, especially common in infant age groups, can result in large localization errors. We then show that proper application of head movement compensation techniques can restore localization accuracy to pre-movement levels. We also find that proper noise covariance estimation (e.g., during the baseline period) is important to minimize localization bias following head movement compensation. Our findings suggest that head position measurement during acquisition and compensation during analysis is recommended for researchers working with subject populations or age groups that could have substantial head movements. This is especially important in infant MEG studies.
The Specificity of Prolonged CMAP Durations and Severe CMAP Reductions in Critical Illness Neuromyopathy (P5.109)

OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the electrophysiologic findings in critical illness neuromyopathy (CINM) relative to patients with axonal neuropathy and myopathy due to other causes. BACKGROUND: Critical illness neuromyopathy (CINM) is a frequent complication of critical illness, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Small amplitude and prolonged duration compound muscle action potential (CMAP) have been associated with this disorder, but the electrodiagonstic specificity is unknown. DESIGN/METHODS: Electrodiagnostic findings of patients diagnosed with CINM from 1994-2011 were identified and compared to controls - 51 patients with myopathy and 60 patients with neuropathy due to other causes. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients with evidence of critical illness myopathy (CIM) were identified. The coexisting presence of neuropathy was identified in 32/52 patients (63%). Electrodiagnostic studies were performed on median day 30 of hospitalization. Average CMAP amplitudes were markedly reduced (p = 1, >2, and all motor nerves with prolonged durations. 6/51 (12%) and 2/60 (2%) of control patients with myopathy and axonal neuropathy, respectively, had prolonged distal CMAPs confined to a single nerve caused by superimposed mononeuropathy, cool temperatures, or steroids (range 8 - 9.1 msec). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study of a large cohort of patients suggests the following: 1) CMAP duration prolongation and amplitude reduction in CINM is of greater magnitude and more extensive than myopathy and axonal neuropathy of other causes. 2) The combination of prolonged CMAP duration and reduced CMAP amplitude is highly suggestive of CINM in the critically ill patient. 3) The sensitivity and specificity of these findings is increased by testing multiple nerves. Disclosure: Dr. Kramer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harper has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goodman has nothing to disclose.
Mechanical stress regulates transport in a compliant 3D model of the blood-brain barrier.

Transport of fluid and solutes is tightly controlled within the brain, where vasculature exhibits a blood-brain barrier and there is no organized lymphatic network facilitating waste transport from the interstitial space. Here, using a compliant, three-dimensional co-culture model of the blood-brain barrier, we show that mechanical stimuli exerted by blood flow mediate both the permeability of the endothelial barrier and waste transport along the basement membrane. Application of both shear stress and cyclic strain facilitates tight junction formation in the endothelial monolayer, with and without the presence of astrocyte endfeet in the surrounding matrix. We use both dextran perfusion and TEER measurements to assess the initiation and maintenance of the endothelial barrier, and microparticle image velocimetry to characterize the fluid dynamics within the in vitro vessels. Application of pulsatile flow to the in vitro vessels induces pulsatile strain to the vascular wall, providing an opportunity to investigate stretch-induced transport along the basement membrane. We find that a pulsatile wave speed of approximately 1 mm/s with Womersley number of 0.004 facilitates retrograde transport of high molecular weight dextran along the basement membrane between the basal endothelium and surrounding astrocytes. Together, these findings indicate that the mechanical stress exerted by blood flow is an important regulator of transport both across and along the walls of cerebral microvasculature.
Developmental Differences in Infants’ Fairness Expectations From 6 to 15 Months of Age

The present research investigated the developmental trajectory of infants’ fairness expectations from 6 to 15 months of age (N = 150). Findings revealed a developmental transition in infants’ fairness expectations between 6 and 12 months, as indicated by enhanced visual attention to unfair outcomes of resource distribution events (a 3:1 distribution) relative to fair outcomes (a 2:2 distribution). The onset of naturalistic sharing behavior predicted infants’ fairness expectations at transitional ages. Beyond this period of developmental transition, the presence of siblings and infants’ prompted giving behavior predicted individual differences in infants’ fairness concerns. These results provide evidence for the role of experience in the acquisition of fairness expectations and reveal early individual differences in such expectations.
Androgen receptor splice variants and prostate cancer: From bench to bedside

// Kristine M. Wadosky 1 and Shahriar Koochekpour 1,2 1 Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA 2 Department of Urology, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA Correspondence to: Shahriar Koochekpour, email: // Keywords : prostate cancer; AR splice variant; castration-resistant; clinical; molecular biology Received : September 20, 2016 Accepted : December 31, 2016 Published : January 06, 2017 Abstract Therapeutic interventions for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) center on inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) and downstream signaling pathways. Resistance to androgen deprivation therapy and/or AR antagonists is inevitable and molecular mechanisms driving castration-resistant PCa (CR-PCa) primarily involve alterations in AR expression and activity. Detailed molecular biology work over the past decade, discussed at length in this review article, has revealed several AR transcripts that result from alternative splicing. These AR splice variants are increased in cell and mouse models of CR-PCa and in CR-PCa tumors. Several AR variants lack the ligand binding domain, but retain their ability to bind DNA and activate transcription—linking constitutive AR function and therapeutic failure. ARV7 is the only variant endogenously detected at the protein level and thus has undergone more thorough molecular characterization. Clinical trials in PCa are currently investigating ARV7 utility as a biomarker and new therapeutics that inhibit ARV7 . Overall, this review will illustrate the historical perspectives of AR splice variant discovery using fundamental molecular biology techniques and how it changed the clinical approach to both therapeutic decisions and strategy. The body of work investigating AR splice variants in PCa represents a true example of translational research from bench to bedside.
Maximizing potential: A school-based conception of psychosocial development

AbstractOptimal talent development can only occur when high ability students are willing to take opportunities for growth in a domain and are able to persist when presented with challenges that accompany performance or production at the highest levels. This paper proposes the use of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development to provide a framework through which schools can pursue a parallel path of psychosocial supports to reinforce the development of talent in any domain. Ego strength can be fortified by an active program of professional development, curricula, and research based on Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory. In addition to the age-based components, ego strength can be promoted by activities that support the essential strengths of hope, will, purpose, skill, fidelity, and love.
Restoring effective sleep tranquility (REST): A feasibility and pilot study:

IntroductionThe purpose of this pilot study was to establish the feasibility of completing a future controlled trial of a multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia program for milit...
Discipleship as Theological Praxis: Dietrich Bonhoeffer as a Resource for Educational Ministry:

This article offers Dietrich Bonhoeffer as a resource for educational ministry by placing him in conversation with what Richard Osmer calls the normative task of practical theology. In response to ...
Stimulation of non-sodium-dependent water, electrolyte, and glucose transport in rat small intestine by gum arabic

In experimental models of gastroenterological disease, the soluble fiber gum arabic (GA) acts as a proabsorptive adjuvant. This study investigated which specific transport pathway(s) are affected by GA. Rat jejunum was perfused under anesthesia with a standardized oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing D-glucose, with or without GA (2.5 g/liter). In some preparations either phloridizin, a competitive inhibitor of Na+-coupled D-glucose transport, or phloretin, an inhibitor of basolateral glucose transport, were added to the ORS, with or without GA. Diffusion and paracellular transport changes due to GA were evaluated with L-glucose and [14C]polyethlyene glycol 4000 (PEG). GA partially reversed water, Na+, and D-glucose absorption inhibition induced by phloridzin and normalized water and Na+ absorption in the presence of phloretin. GA also increased absorption of water, Na+, and PEG from an L-glucose ORS. The data suggest that GA does not act via Na+ dependent mechanism(s), but stimulates transcellular and/or transjunctional transport pathways; therefore GA may be useful to increase absorption of solutes transported by diffusion.
ParLearning 2018 Invited Talk 1

Deep Learning (DL) is ubiquitous. Yet leveraging distributed memory systems for DL algorithms is incredibly hard. In this talk, we will present approaches to bridge this critical gap. We will start by scaling DL algorithms on large scale systems such as leadership class facilities (LCFs). Specifically, we will: 1) present our TensorFlow and Keras runtime extensions which require negligible changes in user-code for scaling DL implementations, 2) present communication-reducing/avoiding techniques for scaling DL implementations, 3) present approaches on fault tolerant DL implementations, and 4) present research on semi-automatic pruning of DNN topologies. We will provide pointers and discussion on the general availability of our research under the umbrella of Machine Learning Toolkit on Extreme Scale (MaTEx) available at http://github.com/matex-org/matex.
Common Misconceptions in Classic and Exertional Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is the most severe manifestation of heat illness. Classic heat stroke (CHS) is defined as central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction and severe hyperthermia as a consequence of heat exposure at rest and affects mostly vulnerable populations (i.e., elderly during heat waves and/or children left in vehicles). Exertional heat stroke (EHS) shares a similar definition as CHS, except it is triggered in young, otherwise healthy individuals during physical exertion in a hot or temperate environment. CHS and EHS have long been a topic of interest in physiology and have been extensively studied; yet, there are many misconceptions regarding the impact of heat on organ systems as well as the etiology that predisposes certain individuals to collapse. This chapter discusses five misconceptions that have skewed our understanding of heat stroke pathophysiology, mainly due to misinterpretation of data, conjecture that has become dogma as well as limitations in the approaches to study the condition.
Systemic Short-Chain Fatty Acids Rapidly Alter Gastrointestinal Structure, Function, and Expression of Early Response Genes

Luminal and systemic short chain fatty acids (SCFA) stimulate mucosal proliferation but the mechanism(s) is unclear. This study examined acute effects of systemic SCFAs on gastrointestinal structure and function and signals potentially mediating SCFA-induced mucosal proliferation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (246 ± 2 g) received nutrients as either standard total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or an isoenergetic, isonitrogenous formulation containing SCFAs (TPN + SCFA). Animals were randomized to one of five treatments: standard TPN for 72 hr, TPN + SCFA for 72 hr, or standard TPN followed by TPN + SCFA for the final 6, 12, and 24 hr. SCFAs reduced (P < 0.003) ileal protein within 6 hr. Jejunal GLUT2 expression was increased (P = 0.0001) in all SCFA groups and ileal GLUT2 protein in the 6-, 12-, and 24-hr SCFA groups (P < 0.05). SCFAs increased (P < 0.003) ileal proglucagon abundance following 6, 12, and 24 hr, and plasma GLP-2 concentration following 12 hr (P < 0.03). Jejunal c-myc expression was increased (P < 0.001) following 6, 12, and 24 hr of SCFAs. SCFAs increased ileal c- myc , c- jun, and c-fos expression following 24 hr (P < 0.02), 12 hr (P < 0.05) and 6, 12, and 24 hr (P = 0.0001), respectively. In conclusion, systemic SCFAs increase plasma GLP-2 and ileal proglucagon mRNA, GLUT2 expression and protein, and c-myc, c-jun, and c-fos expression.
Antennas in Radio Telescope Systems

Radio astronomy is the study of the universe by measurement of radio frequency emission at frequencies ranging from a few MHz to the far infrared. Signals of interest are typically extraordinarily weak, necessitating large effective aperture and resulting in some of the world’s largest antenna systems. Technologies now commonly employed include reflector antennas (“dishes”) using horn-type feeds or feed arrays, beamforming arrays consisting of elements ranging from dipoles to large dishes, and interferometry. Many problems in radio astronomy also require very fine angular resolution, leading to aperture synthesis imaging instruments consisting of antennas distributed over apertures ranging from hundreds of meters to intercontinental distances. This chapter provides a brief review of antenna systems used in operational modern radio telescopes and in anticipated new radio telescopes.
Flow-Induced Precipitation in Thin Capillaries Creates Helices, Lamellae, and Tubes.

Precipitation reactions under flow in confined media are relevant to the control of pathological biomineralization, processes affecting aquifers, and challenges in the petroleum industry. Here we show that for a simple geometry, such conditions create macroscopic structures including helices, tubes, lamellae, slugs, and disordered patterns. All structures emerge when salt solution is slowly injected into thin capillaries filled with hydroxide solution. For the helices, the pitch is proportional to the pump rate revealing a constant period of 0.63 s. Different morphologies of the insoluble metal hydroxide can co-exist causing random transitions along the capillary. On average, 15 % of the final system contains residual hydroxide solution. While mechanically stable for flow speeds above 25 mm min-1 , structures collapse and sediment for slower injection speeds. Some of the observed features share similarities with precipitate tubes in chemical gardens and the dynamics of liquid-liquid pipe flow.
Participant Opinions and Expectations about Medical Services at Ultramarathons: Findings from the Ultrarunners Longitudinal TRAcking (ULTRA) Study.

Background This work explores the opinions and expectations of ultramarathon runners about medical services and their perceived quality during ultramarathons. Methods Focused questions related to medical services at ultramarathons were included in the 2018 survey of Ultrarunners Longitudinal TRAcking (ULTRA) Study enrollees. Results Among the 1,156 respondents, 83.2% agreed that ultramarathons should provide at least a minimum level of medical support with basic first aid and emergency transport services rated as the most important medical services, and individuals with basic first aid training rated as the most important medical providers at ultramarathons. Participant safety was felt to largely be the responsibility of each runner as well as the race and/or medical director. Among 832 respondents having completed an ultramarathon in 2016-2018, their impression of medical services at 4,853 ultramarathons was generally favorable. Of the four percent of times in which medical support was needed, it met expectations 74% of the time. Of the total of 240 different medical issues for which medical support was needed, blister management was the most common, accounting for 26.7% of issues. Conclusions Even though medical services receive minimal utilization during ultramarathons, ultramarathon runners largely believe that these events should provide at least a minimum level of medical support. Ultramarathon runners place a high onus for safety during ultramarathons on themselves, but they also place a high level of responsibility on race and medical directors, so it is prudent for the race and medical directors to consider this information and avoid a mismatch between runner expectations and the medical services actually provided.