cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Iron Proteins

Iron is not only the biologically most important transition metal, but, by fortunate circumstances, one of its isotopes, 57Fe, is also the most useful Mossbauer nucleus. Accordingly, nuclear gamma resonance, commonly known as the Mossbauer effect, has become a significant tool in the study of iron proteins. It complements earlier methods, in particular magnetic resonance techniques, and a comparison of the approaches is therefore in order. Distinctive features of the Mossbauer effect are 1. the sensitivity to all 57Fe regardless of the oxidation and spin state of the iron as long as the atoms are bound in a solid, and 2. the fact that, for a given sample, the experimentalist has control over temperature and magnetic field only. The theoretical description of paramagnetic states and spin transitions was stimulated by the advent of EPR, and most of the formalism developed for EPR can readily be adapted to Mossbauer spectroscopy.
Staged total exclusion of the aorta for chronic type B aortic dissection

Hybrid techniques using extra-anatomic bypass of critical aortic branches to enable endovascular treatment of complex aortic pathology have been previously described. A staged endograft repair of a complex, chronic Stanford type B aortic dissection with aneurysmal degeneration is reported in a 50-year-old man. The aneurysmal portion of the dissection extended from the distal arch to both common iliac arteries and was covered with an endograft from the ascending aorta to both external iliac arteries. Aortic arch branches, visceral, and renal arteries were bypassed using open technique. The patient had no neurologic complications. This case report illustrates the feasibility of the hybrid technique in selected high-risk patients when confronted with complex aortic pathology.
Interaction of hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia on neurodevelopmental outcomes in the collaborative perinatal project.

Objective Our objective was to reanalyze data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project to investigate whether bilirubin is more neurotoxic in newborns with a positive direct antiglobulin test. Patients and methods The Collaborative Perinatal Project enrolled 54795 newborns at 12 centers in the United States between 1959 and 1966. We restricted our analysis to those with a birth weight of >/=2000 g and gestational age of >/=36 weeks who had follow-up at 7 to 8 years of age (n = 32808 for IQ testing; n = 33278 for neurologic examination, and n = 16354 for hearing testing). We examined the association between maximum total serum bilirubin levels and these 3 neurodevelopmental outcomes by using multiple linear and logistic regression models. We included interaction terms for the effect of bilirubin category and direct antiglobulin test result on the neurodevelopmental outcome. Results Overall, maximum total serum bilirubin level was not a significant predictor of IQ scores. However, there was a statistically significant interaction between a positive direct antiglobulin test and a maximum total serum bilirubin level of >/=25 mg/dL on IQ scores (eg, full-scale IQ: -6.7 points). No similar direct antiglobulin test interaction was seen for those with those with a total serum bilirubin of 20 to 24.9 mg/dL (eg, full-scale IQ: -1.7 points). We found no evidence of an interaction between a positive direct antiglobulin test and total serum bilirubin levels on the risk of an abnormal or suspicious neurologic examination or sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusions In the Collaborative Perinatal Project, evidence of increased bilirubin toxicity in those with a positive direct antiglobulin test result was confined to an adverse association with IQ in those with total serum bilirubin of >/=25 mg/dL.
Determining Effects of Layer Bonding and De-Bonding on Perpetual Pavements

This study investigates de-bonding of asphalt concrete (AC) layers in flexible pavements and determines how de-bonding affects the performance of these pavements using mechanistic models. At present, all flexible pavement design methods assume that there is complete bonding between all AC layers. In complete bonding conditions, the strain at the base of the asphalt layer are transferred to the asphalt layer below, and the displacement at these locations is equal. These assumptions are made to facilitate the modeling of AC pavements. However, in reality, these assumptions are not completely satisfied. Materials in each layer are not identical so the response to traffic loading is different. Using complete bonding conditions in flexible pavement design thus reduces design reliability due to increasing traffic volumes, traffic speed, and tire pressure. Current mechanistic-empirical analysis shows that 90% of the pavements presented in this study fail by top-down cracking if de-bonding occurs between the AC layers. Bottom-up cracking and AC rutting also increase significantly in de-bonded environments. This study recommends the development of a model that accounts for partial bonding/de-bonding in flexible pavement design.
Effect of endotoxin on the activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by tryptophan.

The effect of endotoxin on the activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by tryptophan was studied.
A New Method for Direct Determination of the Recoilless Fraction with Application to Magnetic Nanoparticles

We propose a two-lattice method for direct determination of the recoilless fraction using a single room-temperature transmission Mossbauer measurement. The method is first demonstrated for the case of iron and metallic glass two-foil system and is next generalized for the case of physical mixtures of two powders. We further apply this method to determine the recoilless fraction of hematite and magnetite particles. Finally, we provide direct measurement of the recoilless fraction in nanohematite and nanomagnetite with an average particle size of 19 nm.
The development and characterization of synthetic minimal yeast promoters

Synthetic promoters, especially minimally sized, are critical for advancing fungal synthetic biology. Fungal promoters often span hundreds of base pairs, nearly ten times the amount of bacterial counterparts. This size limits large-scale synthetic biology efforts in yeasts. Here we address this shortcoming by establishing a methodical workflow necessary to identify robust minimal core elements that can be linked with minimal upstream activating sequences to develop short, yet strong yeast promoters. Through a series of library-based synthesis, analysis and robustness tests, we create a set of non-homologous, purely synthetic, minimal promoters for yeast. These promoters are comprised of short core elements that are generic and interoperable and 10 bp UAS elements that impart strong, constitutive function. Through this methodology, we are able to generate the shortest fungal promoters to date, which can achieve high levels of both inducible and constitutive expression with up to an 80% reduction in size.
Screening for Spiritual Struggle in an Adolescent Transgender Clinic: Feasibility and Acceptability

Spiritual struggles are associated with poorer health outcomes, including depression, which has higher prevalence among transgender individuals than the general population. This study's objective was to improve the quality of care in an outpatient transgender clinic by screening patients and caregivers for spiritual struggle and future intervention. The quality improvement questions addressed were whether screening for spiritual struggle was feasible and acceptable; and whether the sensitivity and specificity of the Rush Protocol were acceptable. Revision of the screening was based on cognitive interviews with the 115 adolescents and caregivers who were screened. Prevalence of spiritual struggle was 38-47%. Compared to the Negative R-COPE, the Rush Protocol screener had sensitivities of 44-80% and specificities of 60-74%. The Rush Protocol was acceptable to adolescents seen in a transgender clinic, caregivers, and clinic staff; was feasible to deliver during outpatient clinic visits, and offers a straightforward means of identifying transgender persons and caregivers experiencing spiritual struggle.
Restorative Procedures in Colonic Crohn Disease

Surgical management for refractory Crohn colitis often involves creation of a temporary or permanent stoma. Traditionally, the procedure of choice has been a total proctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy. However, restorative procedures that help to avoid a permanent stoma are being used with more frequency. In this article, the authors will address these procedures, including colocolonic anastomosis, ileorectal anastomosis, ileal pouch rectal anastomosis, and ileal pouch anal anastomosis. Factors that may influence one's decision to perform these procedures, such as patient age and nutritional status, medical comorbidities, sphincter function, desire to avoid a permanent ostomy, and prior medical therapy, will be discussed. Functional outcomes regarding these procedures will also be described. One should keep in mind that surgery does not cure Crohn disease and that postoperative long-term management is essential in preventing progression or recurrence of disease.
IMPACT OF AREA DEPRIVATION INDEX ON UTILIZATION OF INTRA-CORONARY STENTS IN 2011-2012 MEDICARE NATIONWIDE COHORT

Singh’s Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a marker of neighborhood deprivation based on 17 coefficients. Bare metal (BMS) and drug eluting stent (DES) utilization varies based on physician/patient preference, clinical scenario and insurance status. Our study evaluates variation in stent use based on
Do Resilient Communities Make a Resilient City? A Conditional Yes

Recently, there has been a wealth of research on the role of community social capital on disaster recovery and resilience. These studies found that strong social networks contribute to faster and extensive recovery, even in racially and economically disadvantaged communities. In contrast, if communities are less civically engaged, they experience slower recovery and repopulation. However, little has been discussed about the long-term consequences of community social capital for the city in which these communities are embedded. It is not only necessary that people and communities thrive, but also important that the “city” itself builds resilience, stability, and potentiality. In the end, will empowered communities make their city stronger and better prepared for the next hurricane or fiscal crisis? In this paper, I argue that the effectiveness of community social capital is conditional on the political and economic strength of the government in which the communities are embedded. This is because the governing capacity of city government affects the ways in which community social capital is characterized, activated, and diffused. As a conceptual framework that embodies this idea, this paper presents four combinations of government and community relationships and offers examples for each scenario.
Marriage among African American Women: A Gender Perspective

Research on African American families throughout the twentieth century has focused largely on the prevalence of single-mother families. Much debate has focused on understanding the strengths and we...
Building a model to increase live birth rate through patient-specific optimization of embryo transfer day.

Many practices are moving away from cleavage-stage transfer in favor of blastocyst transfer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the overall live birth rate for fresh IVF cycles may increase by optimizing the day of transfer for each patient. This is a retrospective cohort study of 1225 first fresh autologous IVF cycles performed between May 2012 and November 2013. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine characteristics associated with live birth following cleavage-stage versus blastocyst transfer. The optimal transfer day (i.e., the day that maximized the odds of live birth) was determined for each patient, and the actual live birth rate was compared with the projected rate had each patient undergone transfer on her optimal day. With transfer on the optimal day for each patient, the overall birth rate would have increased from its actual value of 34.8 % to a projected 43.0 %, a 24 % increase. The majority of this increase (21 %) was due to optimization of patients who underwent cleavage-stage transfer but had a higher projected birth rate from blastocyst transfer. These patients were older (37.8 versus 36.0 years, p < 0.01) and had more follicles ≥18 mm than patients who should have remained with a cleavage-stage transfer. A model can be built enabling patient-specific identification of optimal transfer day; within this discovery cohort, such optimization was estimated to increase live birth following a fresh transfer by 24 %. This study suggests blastocyst transfer should be more widely offered; however, there remain patients for whom a cleavage-stage transfer may yield better outcomes.
Highlights of the Round Table Discussion on Polymers at High Pressure

The panelists were Professor Dr. W. Pechhold of the University of Ulm, Dr. K. O. Prins of the University of Amsterdam, Dr. B.-E. Mellander of the Chalmers University of Technology, and Mr. Ian Marsden of the University of Cambridge. The chair of the discussion was Professor R. M. Bradley of Colorado State University. The session began with a brief statement from each of the panelists regarding what they consider to be the frontiers of polymer research at high pressure.
Imatinib mesylate-induced kidney injury in the treatment of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a rare type of neoplasm arising within the gastrointestinal tract. Current treatment guidelines employ target-based therapy and adjuvant treatment with imatinib mesylate. We report a case of imatinib-induced renal injury in a 48-year-old male undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of a rectal GIST. Upon initiation of imatinib therapy, the patient’s serum creatinine steadily rose and met criteria for kidney injury after twenty months of therapy. Drug discontinuation led to a normalization of renal function, but upon reinitiating therapy the serum creatinine sharply increased again. The patient’s recurrent acute renal injury led to indefinite drug discontinuation. Imatinib toxicities have been well studied; however, there are no reports to date noting its renal effects in the GIST patient population. This case report highlights imatinib as therapy for GISTs, describes an event of imatinib-induced renal injury, and reviews current treatment modalities.
Myth 6: Exceptional Living Standards

Myth: Americans enjoy exceptional living standards. Real income may have increased slowly but consumption trends provide a more realistic picture because the poor spend substantially more than they earn through government support programs. Many Americans go into debt to finance consumption but they do so because it enhances their well-being.
Origami-Like 3-D Folded MEMS Approach for Miniature Inertial Measurement Unit

This paper presents a miniature 50 mm3 inertial measurement unit (IMU) implemented using a folded microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process. The approach is based on wafer-level fabrication of high aspect-ratio single-axis sensors interconnected by flexible hinges and folded into a 3-D configuration, like a silicon Origami [1] . Two different materials for flexible hinges have been explored, including photo-definable polyimide and parylene-C. We report, for the first time, an IMU prototype with seven operational sensors: three accelerometers, three gyroscopes, and a prototype of a reference clock. This paper concludes with the results of experimental characterization of inertial sensors demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach for a compact IMU. [2016-0267]
Decreased Glutamate Levels in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: An sLASER Proton MR Spectroscopy and PiB-PET Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glutamate levels may be informative about the declining neuronal health in the central nervous system. We used an advanced proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) protocol composed of semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) localization and FAST(EST)MAP shimming for detection of alterations in brain glutamate concentrations in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. METHODS Participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 14; median age = 80) and age- and sex-matched clinically normal controls (n = 32; median age = 79) from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging were recruited prospectively to the 3T single-voxel 1H-MRS study that examined metabolite changes in the posterior cingulate gyri. To be included, controls had to have low β-amyloid load on [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-PET (standard uptake value ratio; SUVr < 1.42) and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment had to have high β-amyloid load (SUVr ≥ 1.42). RESULTS Glutamate concentration and the glutamate/myo-inositol ratio were lower in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment than clinically normal controls (P < .05). Higher global cortical PiB-PET SUVr correlated with lower glutamate/myo-inositol (r = –.3, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS The advanced sLASER with FAST(EST)MAP shimming is a promising protocol for identifying glutamate alterations. Advanced 1H-MRS protocols may add to the understanding of early Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology through detection of glutamate concentration in posterior cingulate gyri of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
Dapagliflozin/Saxagliptin Fixed-Dose Tablets: A New Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Combination for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes:

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and place in therapy of the fixed-dose combination (FDC) product, QTERN (dapagliflozin/saxagliptin) tablets. Data Sources:...
Comparison of response variation of THOR and Hybrid III dummy Models in a controlled rollover impact model

Several dynamic rollover test procedures have been developed over the years; however, the repeatability of test results is often questioned. Also, there can be sensitivity of test and simulation results to small variations in the initial conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the response variation of three different crash dummy finite element (FE) models (two versions of a 50th percentile male Hybrid III (HIII) and a Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) dummy) in a simulation of a controlled rollover test, using a late model vehicle FE model. A baseline model was established with each dummy, and then a global sensitivity analysis was performed for each dummy varying vehicle design and crash parameters. The simplified HIII dummy model was very sensitive to small variations in the initial conditions of the test. Both the THOR and detailed HIII models gave very consistent results presenting similar trends in the sensitivity analysis.
Revisiting the Null Subject Parameter: New Insights from Afro-Peruvian Spanish

With the advent of the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995), the prevailing view of linguistic variation and contrast within universal Grammar has undergone a shift from rigidly defined parameters ˗associated with clusters of properties (Chomsky 1981; Chomsky & Lasnik 1993)˗ to an approach in which features play a central role, are flexibly distributed, and originate in the lexicon, according to what Baker (2008) calls the "Borer-Chomsky conjecture" (Borer 1984; Chomsky 2001). A closer cross linguistic look at empirical data seems to support this change in focus. The Null Subject Parameter (NSP) (Chomsky 1981; Rizzi 1982), as originally formulated, had a number of shortcomings (cf. Huang 1994; Holmberg 2005). Within the realm of Spanish and Portuguese, two dialects that do not follow the predictions of the NSP are Dominican Spanish (DS) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP). The analysis of these varieties has led to the postulation of new hypotheses to account for their unexpected syntactic patterns (cf. Duarte 1993; Toribio 2000; Camacho 2008; etc.). The present study pays attention to yet another dialect of Spanish that does not conform to the NSP, Chinchano Spanish (CS), an Afro-Hispanic variety spoken in Chincha, Peru. In so doing, this paper provides an analysis of null and overt subjects that partially deviates from previous accounts of similar pro-drop phenomena. Additionally, this study proposes a model of contact-induced language transmission that explains why CS –as well as many other Afro-Hispanic languages of the Americas (AHLAs)– presents patterns that do not align this dialect with either null-subject languages (NSLs) like Italian or non-null-subject languages (NNSLs) like English.
Cerebral white matter disease and functional decline in older adults from the Northern Manhattan Study: A longitudinal cohort study.

Background Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on MRI are common and associated with vascular and functional outcomes. However, the relationship between WMHs and longitudinal trajectories of functional status is not well characterized. We hypothesized that whole brain WMHs are associated with functional decline independently of intervening clinical vascular events and other vascular risk factors. Methods and findings In the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS), a population-based racially/ethnically diverse prospective cohort study, 1,290 stroke-free individuals underwent brain MRI and were followed afterwards for a mean 7.3 years with annual functional assessments using the Barthel index (BI) (range 0–100) and vascular event surveillance. Whole brain white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) (as percentage of total cranial volume [TCV]) was standardized and treated continuously. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models tested associations between whole brain WMHV and baseline BI and change in BI, adjusting for sociodemographic, vascular, and cognitive risk factors, as well as stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) occurring during follow-up. Mean age was 70.6 (standard deviation [SD] 9.0) years, 40% of participants were male, 66% Hispanic; mean whole brain WMHV was 0.68% (SD 0.84). In fully adjusted models, annual functional change was −1.04 BI points (−1.20, −0.88), with −0.74 additional points annually per SD whole brain WMHV increase from the mean (−0.99, −0.49). Whole brain WMHV was not associated with baseline BI, and results were similar for mobility and non-mobility BI domains and among those with baseline BI 95–100. A limitation of the study is the possibility of a healthy survivor bias, which would likely have underestimated the associations we found. Conclusions In this large population-based study, greater whole brain WMHV was associated with steeper annual decline in functional status over the long term, independently of risk factors, vascular events, and baseline functional status. Subclinical brain ischemic changes may be an independent marker of long-term functional decline.
Exploring the mechanisms of racialization beyond the black–white binary

Racialization plays a central role in the creation and reproduction of racial meanings, and its inclusion enriches the study of race and ethnicity. While the popularity of the term continues to sky...
Addressing challenges in nursing informatics instruction.

Objectives for the interactive experiences include exposure to a wide variety of computer applications; in-depth experience with at least one application; overcoming computer fear; appreciating the rigid, logical flow of computerized problem-solving; and appreciating the benefits and limitations of computer applications for a variety of purposes. Ultimately, a major purpose of transferring informatics content is related to stimulating students' imagination with respect to the computer's ability to aid their professional endeavors. Robinson (1984) describes the imagination factor: "I think the total potential of computers is only limited by our imagination. It's like giving an artist a palette that has an infinite number of colors, some of them invisible to the naked eye. . . It is a tool for the realization of ideas." Students who have been exposed to the benefits of major categories of computer applications can appreciate computer capabilities with respect to exploring scientific and nursing phenomena, and building databases to store and access information (Newbern, 1985). These students should have enough theoretical and experimental knowledge of computers to become actively involved in making creative, informed decisions about how computers will be applied to nursing in their professional setting. Hardin and Skiba (1982) noted a gap between the powerful information processing capabilities of the computer and its relatively limited use by nursing--a gap which still exists today. Students who have participated in an idea generation course on computer applications can help to bridge this gap, helping nursing to take full advantage of the computer-saturated environments of the future.
Problem Solving via Analogical Retrieval and Analogical Search Control

In this chapter we describe Eureka, a problem solver that uses analogy as its basic reasoning and learning process. Eureka introduces a learning mechanism called analogical search control, and uses a model of memory based on spreading activation to retrieve analogies and solve problems. These relatively simple mechanisms allow the system to account for a number of psychological phenomena in problem solving. In this chapter we focus on some of the computational aspects of the system. To this end, we provide a full description at theoretical and implementation levels, and present the results of some experiments that explore the model’s computational behavior.
Universal Screening for Social Needs in a Primary Care Clinic: A Quality Improvement Approach Using the Your Current Life Situation Survey.

Context Kaiser Permanente's Care Management Institute created a screening tool, Your Current Life Situation (YCLS), which primarily is used to identify social needs for populations at risk of high health care utilization. Objective This frontline improvement project was designed to address key stakeholder concerns about implementing universal screening for social needs using the YCLS in a primary care clinic. Methods I conducted a rapid stakeholder analysis through informal conversations to identify the most important concerns. Four Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were conducted to answer stakeholder questions and address concerns. Results Stakeholders expressed concerns including YCLS length and low screening acceptability and the possibility that too few or too many patients may have social needs. Throughout the project's duration, 125 office visits occurred and 111 patients were screened. Among the patients for whom findings were positive, 27% requested help. Of the 14 patients who were not screened, only 1 patient opted out of screening. Practitioners and medical assistants stated that administration of the YCLS screening tool did not disrupt clinic workflow. Conclusion By using a frontline improvement approach, these investigators could answer questions and address concerns most important to local operational stakeholders when implementing screening for social needs. When practitioners conduct universal social needs screening and more fully understand social needs prevalence in a primary care clinic, resources can be tailored more effectively to accommodate patient needs.
Secondary breast cancer following hematologic malignancies.

e18014 Background: Hematological malignancies (HM) are treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy or combination of both. The risk of developing a second malignancy after Hodgkin disease (HD) treatment ...
France-Algérie: 50 ans d'histoires secrètes, tome 2 (1992–2017)

‘Mensonges, pressions et suspicions … tous les coups sont permis’: such is the marketing pitch on the front cover of the second volume of Naoufel Brahimi El Mili’s France-Algerie: 50 ans d’histoire...
Cracking the Civilized Coco: Defamiliarization in Paloma Pedrero’s La isla amarilla (1995)

This article examines the defamiliarization effect in Paloma Pedrero’s play La isla amarilla (1995), pointing to a previously unstudied facet of the work, its inspiration in Der Papalagi (1922), a spurious anthropological account that similarly defamiliarizes and critiques western cultural habits. The article focuses on the ways in which La isla amarilla resonates in technique and target with Bertolt Brecht’s performing arts concept of Verfremdung, or defamiliarization. The familiar is made strange for western audience members when fictional Samoan islanders describe, analyse, (mis) interpret, and perform western culture. Through Verfremdung, Pedrero’s metatheatrical work acts upon spectators to create a double perspective that allows them to examine their social constructs and question their participation in previously normalized behaviours and beliefs, particularly those regarding gender, consumerism, the division of labour, and violence. A comparison to works that similarly engage in Verfremdung, as well as Melford Spiro and Sandra Lee Bartky’s theories on the acceptance of social constructs, contextualize this reexamination.
Postoperative Electrolyte Abnormalities

Electrolyte abnormalities are common in the hospital. Postoperative patients are particularly susceptible due to the perioperative use of intravenous fluids and blood transfusions, hormonal responses to surgical stress, the loss or third spacing of body fluid, and perioperative medication use. This chapter provides an overview of some common postoperative metabolic and electrolyte derangements.
Using environmental and geographic data to optimize ex situ collections and preserve evolutionary potential

Maintenance of biodiversity through seed banks and botanical gardens, where the wealth of species' genetic variation may be preserved ex situ, is a major goal of conservation. However, challenges can persist in optimizing ex situ collections if trade-offs exist among cost, effort, and conserving species evolutionary potential, particularly when genetic data are not available. We evaluated the genetic consequences of population preservation informed by geographic (isolation by distance [IBD]) and environmental (isolation by environment [IBE]) distance for ex situ collections for which population provenance is available. We used 19 genetic and genomic data sets from 15 plant species to assess the proportion of population genetic differentiation explained by geographic and environmental factors and to simulate ex situ collections prioritizing source populations based on pairwise geographic distance, environmental distance, or both. Specifically, we tested the impact prioritizing sampling based on these distances may have on the capture of neutral, functional, or putatively adaptive genetic diversity and differentiation. Individually, IBD and IBE explained limited population genetic differences across all 3 genetic marker classes (IBD, 10-16%; IBE, 1-5.5%). Together, they explained a substantial proportion of population genetic differences for functional (45%) and adaptive (71%) variation. Simulated ex situ collections revealed that inclusion of IBD, IBE, or both increased allelic diversity and genetic differentiation captured among populations, particularly for loci that may be important for adaptation. Thus, prioritizing population collections based on environmental and geographic distance data can optimize genetic variation captured ex situ. For the vast majority of plant species for which there is no genetic information, these data are invaluable to conservation because they can guide preservation of genetic variation needed to maintain evolutionary potential within collections.
Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients With Reduced Versus Preserved Ejection Fraction After Noncardiac Surgery.

Objective To compare outcome after noncardiac surgery between HF patients with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction. Summary of background data HF patients who undergo major noncardiac surgery have higher risks of morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. However, it is unclear whether HF subtypes confer different risk. Methods This retrospective study included HF patients, 45 years or older, who underwent noncardiac surgery from January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2015 in the Nationwide Readmissions Database. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to provide adjusted rates of postoperative outcomes. Hospital-level clustering and Nationwide Readmissions Database sampling weights were applied to all models. Results Of the weighted 296,057 HF patients [HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) 48.1%; HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) 51.9%] who underwent noncardiac surgery, 41.1% had cardiopulmonary complications, 55.7% had noncardiopulmonary complications and 5.4% died during hospitalization. Thirty-day readmission rates for the weighted 232,852 HF patients was 21.5%. The adjusted odds ratios of cardiopulmonary and noncardiopulmonary complications, in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission for HFrEF compared to HFpEF patients were 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.04], 1.05 (95% CI, 1.02-1.07), 1.27 (95% CI, 1.21-1.34), and 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05-1.12), respectively. Conclusions HFrEF patients have increased risks of noncardiopulmonary complications, mortality, and readmission after noncardiac surgery. These findings suggest that targeted perioperative care for HF subtypes may be crucial for the growing population of HF patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Despite cardiopulmonary complications not being statistically different between HF subtypes, given the high occurrence rate, any intervention to decrease the rate would be clinically meaningful.
Examining and Expanding Latinx General Strain Theory

Since the initial articulation of general strain theory (GST), Agnew has suggested strains may function differently—in type, response, and impact—for different groups. We build upon Perez and colle...
Multigenerational Households During Childhood and Trajectories of Cognitive Functioning Among U.S. Older Adults.

Objectives Family structure in childhood influences early brain development and cognitive performance in adulthood. Much less is known about its long-term impact on later-life cognitive functioning. We extend the two-generation family structure approach to investigate the potential contribution of living with grandparents in multigenerational households to differences in cognitive functioning at older ages. Methods Data were drawn from nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014) merged with newly-collected childhood family history data. Five types of family structure were assessed: two-parent households, two-parent households with grandparents, single-parent households, single-parent households with grandparents, and grandparent-headed households. Growth curve models were used to estimate trajectories of cognitive functioning over time. Results Childhood family structure was significantly associated with level of cognitive functioning, but not to rate of cognitive decline. Relative to those from two-parent households, individuals who grew up in multigenerational households showed higher levels of cognitive functioning, including those living with a single parent and grandparents. Those who lived with a single parent alone were the most disadvantaged. The effects of these multigenerational households persisted net of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status and health outcomes. Discussion Grandparent coresidence may cultivate a socially enriched home environment, providing resources and protection for early cognitive development that could persist throughout life. Multigenerational living arrangements are likely to increase as the contemporary population ages. More research needs to be done to understand the impact of these living arrangements on future generations' brain health and cognitive aging.
Surgical selection and outcomes among elderly patients with brain arteriovenous malformations.

OBJECTIVE Studies of resection of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the elderly population are scarce. This study examined factors influencing patient selection and surgical outcome among elderly patients. METHODS Patients 65 years of age and older who underwent resection of an unruptured or ruptured brain AVM treated by two surgeons at two centers were identified. Patient demographic characteristics, AVM characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcomes measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were analyzed. For subgroup analyses, patients were dichotomized into two age groups (group 1, 65-69 years old; group 2, ≥ 70 years old). RESULTS Overall, 112 patients were included in this study (group 1, n = 61; group 2, n = 51). Most of the patients presented with hemorrhage (71%), a small nidus (< 3 cm, 79%), and a low Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade (grade I or II, 63%) and were favorable surgical candidates according to the supplemented SM grade (supplemented SM grade < 7, 79%). A smaller AVM nidus was statistically significantly more likely to be present in patients with infratentorial AVMs (p = 0.006) and with a compact AVM nidus structure (p = 0.02). A larger AVM nidus was more likely to be treated with preoperative embolization (p < 0.001). Overall outcome was favorable (mRS scores 0-3) in 71% of the patients and was statistically independent from age group or AVM grading. Patients with ruptured AVMs at presentation had significantly better preoperative mRS scores (p < 0.001) and more favorable mRS scores at the last follow-up (p = 0.04) than patients with unruptured AVMs. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes were favorable after AVM resection in both groups of patients. Elderly patients with brain AVMs treated microsurgically were notable for small nidus size, AVM rupture, and low SM grades. Microsurgical resection is an important treatment modality for elderly patients with AVMs, and supplemented SM grading is a useful tool for the selection of patients who are most likely to achieve good neurological outcomes after resection. ABBREVIATIONS AVM = arteriovenous malformation; BNI = Barrow Neurological Institute; LY = Lawton-Young; mRS = modified Rankin Scale; SM = Spetzler-Martin; supp-SM = supplemented SM; UCSF = University of California, San Francisco.
Embracing Children’s Voice to Support Teachers’ Pedagogical Reasoning and Decision-Making for Technology Enhanced Practices in Early Childhood Classrooms

While several studies have been conducted exploring teachers’ pedagogical reasoning practices, few studies have explored the influence of learning audiences’ impact on teacher’s decisions related to technology integration in early childhood classrooms. The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic review of empirical studies that have examined how teachers embrace children’s opinions (and voice) in their pedagogical reasoning process for technology-enhanced teaching. The review used Preferred-Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and successfully identified 33 empirical studies that have discussed teachers’ pedagogical reasoning and/or instructional decisions for technology integration through the negotiations of affordances from both teachers’ and learners’ perspectives in early childhood education context. This review additionally seeks to provide discussion for how teachers/practitioners could align children’s needs and their pedagogical reasoning processes for early childhood technology instructional practices. This review discusses the challenges related to the adaptations of children’s needs in instructional design and the implications it has on teachers’ pedagogical reasoning and decision-making practices.
Beyond the fish-Daphnia paradigm: testing the potential for Neoplea striola (Hemiptera: Pleidae) to cause a trophic cascade in subtropical ponds

Trophic cascades, or indirect effects of predators on non-adjacent lower trophic levels, have become paradigmatic in ecology, though they are thought to be stronger in aquatic ecosystems. Most research on freshwater trophic cascades focused on temperate lakes, where fish are present and where Daphnia tend to dominate the zooplankton community. These studies identified that Daphnia often play a key role in facilitating trophic cascades by linking fish to algae with strong food web interactions. However, Daphnia are rare or absent in most tropical and subtropical lowland freshwaters, and fish are absent from small and temporary water bodies, where invertebrates fill the role of top predator. While invertebrate predators are ubiquitous in freshwater systems, most have received little attention in food web research. Therefore, we aimed to test whether trophic cascades are possible in small warmwater ponds where small invertebrates are the top predators and Daphnia are absent. We collected naturally occurring plankton communities from small fishless water bodies in central Texas and propagated them in replicate pond mesocosms. We removed zooplankton from some mesocosms, left the plankton community intact in others, and added one of two densities of the predaceous insect Neoplea striola to others. Following an incubation period we then compared biomasses of plankton groups to assess food web effects between the trophic levels including whether Neoplea caused a trophic cascade by reducing zooplankton. The zooplankton community became dominated by copepods which prefer large phytoplankton and exhibit a fast escape response. Perhaps due to these qualities of the copepods and perhaps due to slow consumption rates by Neoplea on key grazers, no evidence for food web effects were found other than somewhat weak evidence for zooplankton reducing large phytoplankton. More research is needed to understand the behavior and ecology of Neoplea, but trophic cascades may generally be weak or absent in fishless low-latitude lowland water bodies where Daphnia are rare.
Efficient Algorithm Based on Adaptive Window–Model Predictive Control for Automatic Stacking in Warehouse Center

In this article, three-dimensional (3D) stacking problem, as a mandatory task in the warehouse distribution centers, is smartly represented by a new mathematical formulation. A model predictive control (MPC) scheme is proposed to optimally solve the problem. The MPC cost function consists of several sequential criteria to suitably put the incoming packages on the dedicated cart and fully use up the cart capacity as much as possible. The practical and hard constraints are taken into consideration without confronting with a complicated optimization problem. A theorem is presented to guarantee the constraints satisfaction. Regarding the burden of computations, the proposed strategy is efficiently applicable to large carts by introducing the adaptive window (AW) idea. The efficacy of the proposed AW-MPC framework is shown by a numerical case study.
Surgery-Associated Infections among Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective To assess the burden of invasive infection following surgery (surgery-associated infections [SAI]) among infants born extremely premature. Study design This was an observational, prospective study of infants born at gestational age 22-28 weeks hospitalized for >3 days, between April 1, 2011, to March 31, 2015, in academic centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. SAI was defined by culture-confirmed bacteremia, fungemia, or meningitis ≤14 days following a surgical procedure. Results Of 6573 infants, 1154 (18%) who underwent surgery were of lower gestational age (mean [SD]: 25.5 [1.6] vs 26.2 [1.6], P Conclusions Surgical procedures were associated with bacteremia, fungemia, or meningitis in 7% of infants. The epidemiology of invasive postoperative infections as described in this report may inform the selection of empiric antimicrobial therapy and postoperative preventive care.
Scaphoid Dislocation Reconstruction with Scapholunotriquetral Ligament Tenodesis

Traumatic injuries leading to complex scaphoid dislocations are uncommon. We present a successful reconstructive case after a complex intercarpal instability injury using scapholunotriquetral tenodesis without the need for Kirschner wire fixation and early controlled range of motion therapy. At 3 months, the patient had a pain-free wrist with a 100-degree arc of motion and returned to work with full functionality. A literature review was performed to describe the previously published surgical treatments of this injury pattern and compare functional outcomes.
Disease Modifying Agents in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Numerous agents have been tested in multiple sclerosis and the vast majority of these have either failed to show a beneficial effect or produced undesirable side effects. In some cases, there was worsening of disease activity. Treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis over the last 16 years have undergone a profound change. Several treatment options are now available primarily targeting the inflammatory phase of the disease [clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) with relapses]. All currently approved disease-modifying agents (DMA) are moderately effective in reducing relapses and MRI activity. The treatment effect appears to be greater when these drugs are used soon after onset of symptoms. The effect on long-term disability seems to be modest if any. This chapter reviews both currently used agents (both FDA approved and off-label) and also discusses several promising agents in various phases of development.
13 – ROBUST AND EXPLORATORY REGRESSION

This chapter focuses on simple regression. There are fundamental problems with least squares regression and Pearson's correlation that has to be addressed. One basic concern is that outliers can greatly distort both least squares regression and Pearson's methods. A second concern is that heteroscedasticity can grossly inflate the standard error of the ordinary least squares estimator, relative to other estimators when used, even under normality. This means that in terms of power using least squares regression can be relatively ineffective. An outlier detection method that satisfies the goal of dealing with the rotation of points and taking into account the overall structure of the data is relplot which is a bivariate analog of the boxplot. A limitation is that this detection method has not been extended to situations where more than two measures for each individual are there. The chapter also discusses a projection method for detecting. This method begins by computing the estimate of the median of the data. The Donoho–Gasko median is based on halfspace depth, which is a method for measuring how deeply a point is nested within a scatterplot of all the data.
A 3-D Biomechanical Model of the Salamander

This article describes a 3D biomechanical simulation of a salamander to be used in experiments in computational neuroethology. The physically-based simulation represents the salamander as an articulated body, actuated by muscles simulated as springs and dampers, in interaction with a simple environment. The aim of the simulation is to investigate the neural circuits underlying the aquatic and terrestrial locomotion of the real salamander, as well as to serve as test bed for investigating vertebrate sensorimotor coordination in silico.