cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-time image and video processing in GEM

The Graphics Environment for Multimedia, or GEM, is a visual programming language for realtime computer graphics. Operating within the Pd environment, a digital audio and MIDI processing program, GEM creates and manipulates polygonal graphics. Real-time image and video processing have recently been added, increasing the artistic possibilities. Combined with Pd, users have access to an integrated visual and sonic programming environment. PROCEEDINGS ICMC97 The alpha value is used when two colors are blended together. Alpha represents how translucent the color is, from 0.0 being totally transparent, to 1.0 being tota lly opaque. For instance, the alpha value can be used to simulate colored glass which might appear in a scene. Images and texture maps can have different alpha values for each pixel. For example, any black pixel can be made transparent so that one can see through parts of an image. OpenGL uses double buffering as a technique to produce flicker free animation. All drawing occurs in a hidden graphics window, which is swapped with the viewable one when the drawing is done. This process continues for each new frame. With single buffered graphics, the user can see the graphics being drawn instead of being presented with a completed image. Single buffered graphics also do not clear the frame buffer until the user designates it as such, so that the graphics window acts like a canvas for drawing. 3 Usage MIDI and digital audio systems operate alongside graphics and video systems, rather than in two competing environments. By integrating both sight and sound, GEM and Pd allow composers and artists , to create inter-media compositions which utilize both visual and musical ideas. One instance of this combination is the piece headingsouth by the author [5].
Disentangling Topological Puzzles by Using Knot Theory

(2006). Disentangling Topological Puzzles by Using Knot Theory. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 368-375.
The Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Three advanced Nickel-Base Eutectic Composites

The low cycle fatigue behavior at 25°C and 825°C of three advanced nickel-base eutectics is described. Fatigue lives are shown to obey a linear relation with plastic strain range (Coffin-Manson relation) but lives are much lower than are observed for conventional metals and alloys. Cyclic hardening and softening were observed in each alloy at 25 °C; however, this behavior differs from the classical saturation behavior observed with isotropic materials.
The Productivity Gap in Latin America: Lessons from 50 Years of Development

This paper combines development accounting exercises with economic theory to assess the importance of total factor productivity and the accumulation of factors of production as engines of growth in Latin America. Using the new, drastically revised Penn World Table (PWT) and Barro-Lee datasets, the paper shows that lower and non-convergent income relative to successful development benchmarks are explained by subpar productivity gains rather than slower factor accumulation. The empirical analysis of the interplay between productivity and accumulation in the process of development suggests that one explanation for this pattern is that investment in Latin America is not as productivity-enhancing as in less distorted economies.
Preventing High Fat Diet-induced Obesity and Improving Insulin Sensitivity through Neuregulin 4 Gene Transfer

Neuregulin 4 (NRG4), an epidermal growth factor-like signaling molecule, plays an important role in cell-to-cell communication during tissue development. Its function to regulate energy metabolism has recently been reported. This current study was designed to assess the preventive and therapeutic effects of NRG4 overexpression on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Using the hydrodynamic gene transfer method, we demonstrate that Nrg4 gene transfer in mice suppressed the development of diet-induced obesity, but did not affect pre-existing adiposity and body weight in obese mice. Nrg4 gene transfer curbed HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by inhibiting lipogenesis and PPARγ-mediated lipid storage. Concurrently, overexpression of NRG4 reduced chronic inflammation in both preventive and treatment studies, evidenced by lower mRNA levels of macrophage marker genes including F4/80, Cd68, Cd11b, Cd11c, and macrophage chemokine Mcp1, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that overexpression of the Nrg4 gene by hydrodynamic gene delivery prevents HFD-induced weight gain and fatty liver, alleviates obesity-induced chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, and supports the health benefits of NRG4 in managing obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
Effect of food on nitrofurantoin absorption.

The effect of food on the absorption characteristics of nitrofurantoin from a commercial capsule dosage form containing macrocrystalline drug and a commercial tablet dosage form containing microcrystalline drug was assessed in human subiects by a urinary excretion method. In fasting subjects, less nitrofurantoin was absorbed and at a slower rate, and attained lower body levels when the capsule rather than the tablet dosage form was orally administered. When each was administered with food, the absorption of nitrofurantoin was appreciably delayed. Food in the gastrointestinal tract produced an increase in the peak body levels of nitrofurantoin from the macrocrystalline form. No effect of food was observed on the maximum levels after the microcrystalline form. There were increases of 80% and 30% in the bioavailability of nitrofurantoin in nonfasting as compared to fasting subiects, of macro crystalline nitrofurantoin capsules and microcrystalline nitrofurantoin tablets, respectively. There was an increase in the duration of therapeutic urinary concentrations of nitrofurantoin when either form was taken with food. The comman practice of using fasting subiects in bioavailability studies of drug products normally administered with food is questionable.
Polyadenylation of RNA in E. coli : RNA Polymerase-Associated (rA) n -Synthetic Activities

In Escherichia coli, Poly(A) polymerase (PAP) and polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNP) are key enzymes thought to be responsible for polyadenylation of the bulk of cellular RNA. In this chapter we describe enzymatic in vitro assays for monitoring (rA)n-synthetic activity among fractionated E. coli proteins obtained after affinity chromatography on immobilized DNA. The enzymatic activities of PAP and PNP can be independently monitored among fractionated proteins due to the utilization of different nucleoside substrates (respectively, ATP and ADP) by the two enzymes. We describe two different methods for monitoring the synthesis of polyadenylate: a method based on utilization of a nucleic acid-specific fluorescent dye (RiboGreen(®)) and an alternative method based on utilization of P(32)-labeled nucleoside phosphates.
Overview of inflammatory cytokines and their role in pain

Cytokines are small, non-structural proteins with molecular weights ranging from 8–40,000 Daltons. Originally called lymphokines and monokines to indicate their cellular sources, it became clear that the term “cytokine” is the best description since nearly all nucleated cells are capable of synthesising of these proteins and, in turn, respond to them. There is no amino acid sequence motif or three dimensional structure that links cytokines; rather, their biological activities allow us to group them into different classes. For the most part, cytokines are primarily involved in host responses to disease or infection and any involvement with homeostatic mechanisms has been less than dramatic. At least that is the present wisdom derived from gene deletion studies in mice.
Characterization of Genital Dissatisfaction in a National Sample of U.S. Men

Male genital satisfaction is an important aspect of psychosocial and sexual health. The Index of Male Genital Image (IMGI) is a new scale that measures perceptions of male genitalia. We aim to characterize genital satisfaction using the IMGI and correlate dissatisfaction with sexual activity. We conducted a nationally representative survey of non-institutionalized adults aged 18-65 years residing in the U.S. In total, 4198 men completed the survey and 3996 (95.2 %) completed the IMGI. Men reported highest satisfaction with the shape of their glans (64 %), lowest satisfaction with the length of their flaccid penis size (27 %), and neutrality with the scent of their genitals (44 %). No demographic characteristics (age, race, sexual orientation, education, location, and income) were significantly associated with genital dissatisfaction. Men who were dissatisfied with their genitals were less likely to report being sexually active (73.5 %) than those who were satisfied (86.3 %). Penetrative vaginal sex (85.2 vs. 89.5 %) and receptive oral intercourse (61.0 vs. 66.2 %) were reported less by dissatisfied men. Overall, most U.S. men were satisfied with their genitals; however, a subset (14 %) report low genital satisfaction, which included men of all ages, races, and socioeconomic groups. Low genital satisfaction is associated with a decrease in sexual activity. These results provide clinicians and health educators a baseline of genital satisfaction to provide education and reassurance.
Reward processing in the value-driven attention network: reward signals tracking cue identity and location

Through associative reward learning, arbitrary cues acquire the ability to automatically capture visual attention. Previous studies have examined the neural correlates of value-driven attentional orienting, revealing elevated activity within a network of brain regions encompassing the visual corticostriatal loop [caudate tail, lateral occipital complex (LOC) and early visual cortex] and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Such attentional priority signals raise a broader question concerning how visual signals are combined with reward signals during learning to create a representation that is sensitive to the confluence of the two. This study examines reward signals during the cued reward training phase commonly used to generate value-driven attentional biases. High, compared with low, reward feedback preferentially activated the value-driven attention network, in addition to regions typically implicated in reward processing. Further examination of these reward signals within the visual system revealed information about the identity of the preceding cue in the caudate tail and LOC, and information about the location of the preceding cue in IPS, while early visual cortex represented both location and identity. The results reveal teaching signals within the value-driven attention network during associative reward learning, and further suggest functional specialization within different regions of this network during the acquisition of an integrated representation of stimulus value.
UWB lower atmospheric propagation (LATPROP) measurement system

The ultra-wide band lower atmospheric propagation (UWB-LATPROP) measurement system is designed for remote sensing of marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) from propagation loss measurements over multiple frequencies from 2–40 GHz. The propagation loss is measured as a function of range and frequency and is used to invert for the evaporation duct heights. The system was deployed during the CASPER 2015 East Campaign. The evaporation duct parameters are estimated by minimizing the error function between the measured and simulated loss. A parabolic equation propagation model is used for EM propagation inside MABL with non-homogenous refractivity. The duct height matched well to the values recorded by the meteorological sensors.
Friedrich Burschell, Schiller

(1970). Friedrich Burschell, Schiller. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 153-155.
Outcome analysis of screening on high arsenic water source in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province

Objective To survey the arsenic content of drinking water in Jingzhou City, to provide basis for prevention and control of endemic arsenic disease. Methods According to historical data, the .arsenic content of water was detected in 357 villages from 6 counties of Jianglin, Songzi, Gongan, Shishou, Jianli, Honghushi in Jinzhou City in 2007 and 2008, The past have been found to have high arsenic water villages, villages known to have high concentration of arsenic were put into census. Villages not found to have high-arsenic wells were sampled 10 percent of the whole water resources at five directions of east, west, south, north and the center. Using sampling investigation, water arsenic was determined by half -quantitative fast reagent kit. All samples of water with arsenic exceeding the standard were re-determined using silver diethyl dithiocarbamate using silver diethyl dithiocarbamate colorimetric mothod. Survey on the disease was carried out in the villages with arsenic exeeeding the standard. Results All 6074 water samples was inspected. Arsenic in 210 samples outnumbered 0.05 mg/L, 51 natural villages were high arsenic areas;The maximum level of arsenic content in drinking water was 0.7 mg/L 3.2% (152/4784) of the wells no deeper that 30 meters and 4.9%(58/1184) between 30 to 100 m had arsenic exceeding the standard The water arsenic content was normal when the wells was deeper that 100 m. The abnormal percentages of water arsenic was related with the depth of wells with a significant difference(χ2 = 12.29,P < 0.01). Medical examination 84 064 residents in 51 villages having high arsenic water 31 neighboring villages was made, No Patients was found suffering from endemic arsenic poisoning. Conclusions High arsenic source has been found in Jingzhou City ,but no endemic arsenic poisoning patient in Jingzhou City. It is suggested that necessary preventive measures should be taken in high arsenic area, low-arsenic water should be spotted or high arsenic water improved. Moreover, wells should be drilled for more than 100 meters or more in depth. Key words: Drinking; Arsenic poisoning; Data collection
Gender-Based Wage Differentials and Employment in Post-Apartheid South Africa, 1995–2004

This chapter investigates the trends in gender differentials in wages and employment over the first post-apartheid decade in South Africa, a time when social policy was focused on race. Using merged household and worker data sets, a two-stage regression estimation strategy is used to construct gender-based wage differentials, controlling for industry, occupation, region, and demographic and human capital variables (years of education, experience, and experience squared). The resulting male/female log wage differentials are the dependent variables in the second-stage regressions. The effect of labor force characteristics (within-sector proportion unionized, proportion black, proportion female, average hours worked per week, and average years of experience), industrial sector, and globalization (measured by foreign direct investment/capital stock in sector and year) on these wage differentials is investigated. The study finds some evidence of a decline in the gender wage gap over the period 1995–2004. And as is true in many other economies, women appear to do less well, for example, there is a wider gender gap in wages, in environments where workers have higher average levels of skill or experience. Regressions are also run on female/male employment ratios, using a similar set of control variables. Evidence is found, at least for white workers, that the proportion of women in the employed labor force increases over the decade. The effects of unionization and globalization on employment of women are also investigated.
Financial feasibility of investment in sapota orchards in Thane district of Maharashtra

The financial feasibility analysis of capital investment in sapota orchard in Thane district of Maharashtra revealed profitability of enterprise. The per hectare capital investment for establishing sapota orchard for period of first five years was Rs. 93609. The annual per hectare cost of production (Cost C) for sapota worked out to Rs. 120138. The analysis of investment in sapota orchard showed that, the investment made in sapota plantation is economically viable with Benefit cost ratio (BCR) greater than unity(1.87), Net present value (NPV) was positive (Rs. 495835) and Internal rate of return (IIR) was higher than prevailing rate of interest (12 %). The pay back period also desirable considering the total economic life of sapota orchard (50 years).
A Critical Analysis of Systemic Influences on Spiritual Development for LGBTQ+ Youth

There is an extensive need to explore the intersection of spirituality in conjunction with sexuality, gender identity, and affectional identity as a result of the nuanced complexity and paucity of conceptual and empirical literature in this area, which holds to a substantial diversity between and within identities. Furthering this exploration is the consistent dialogue of spirituality for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) community that offers context at-large and in heavy concentration in other areas of the life span, yet integrates far less into spirituality for youth and, more specifically, for LGBTQ+ youth. This article generates a conceptual framework derived from the ecological systems model and intersectionality theory to deliver insights relevant to addressing systemic barriers, practices, and complexities in attending to spirituality for LGBTQ+ youth.
Challenging Inquiry and Building Community: Analyzing ESL and Bilingual Teachers’ Narratives

ABSTRACTThe study explores English as a second language (ESL) and bilingual teachers’ narratives within a learning community as they collectively engage in reflecting on practices to more effectively support English learners. This longitudinal qualitative study integrates narrative inquiry approach and critical incident methodology. Participants were seven ESL and bilingual teachers involved in a collaborative professional development project. First, the study explores a critical incident around defining inquiry-based instruction in the ESL/bilingual classroom illustrating the productive role of conflict and contrasting perspectives on inquiry to collectively construct knowledge amidst a learning community. Second, the study shows the possibilities of team teaching as a productive space for reflection on practice and a key element of ESL/bilingual learning communities. Ultimately, the study contributes to the understanding of teacher professional learning communities as a place and a process in which teac...
Fall of the Double Eagle: The Battle for Galicia and the Demise of Austria-Hungary. By John R. Schindler. (Lincoln, NE: Potomac Books, 2015. Pp. vii, 327. $34.95.)

Armies rarely withstand close scrutiny. They vaunt their heroes and glory, but their everyday existence in times of peace is dull, plodding, bureaucratic, and invidious. Factions form and feud; bud...
When a Patient Is Reluctant To Talk About It: A Dual Framework To Focus on Living Well and Tolerate the Possibility of Dying

Many patients with serious illness struggle to talk about the possibility of dying; yet basic prognostic awareness is crucial for informed decision making. In this article, we aim to help outpatient clinicians working with seriously ill patients ambivalent, uncomfortable, or fearful of further discussion about the future. We describe a dual framework that focuses on living well while acknowledging the possibility of dying and equips clinicians to help patients hold both possibilities. This dual framework facilitates the developmental process of living as fully as possible while also preparing for the possibility of dying.
The c-myc Story: Where we’ve been, Where we seem to be Going

The history of c-myc spans the panorama of discovery and technological development of our understanding of oncogenes. It begins indirectly in the early part of the century with the observations of Wilhelm Eilermann and Olaf Bang in 1908–9 who demonstrated that erythroleukemias in chickens could be transmitted with cell free filtrates. At the time there was prevailing doubt about the neoplastic nature of this leukemic process; even Ellermann and Bang thought it “represented an infection” (see [1]). The discovery was not heralded as a great conceptual breakthrough; but it nonetheless left a lasting impression. Two years later Peyton Rous, then a young investigator at the Rockefeller Institute in New York, successfully transmitted a fibrosarcoma arising in a Plymouth Rock chicken with cell free filtrates. Although there was greater acceptance of the neoplastic nature of this sarcoma, the result presented a perplexing problem because no one could explain how a tumor of the same histological type could be transmitted by a (cell free filtrate) virus. Within a year continued reports of other tumors in chickens that were transmissable by cell free extracts were described by Rous himself and Fujinami. Eventually, this enigma and the demands of WWI occasioned Rous himself to abandon this work. The first avian tumor that was found to contain what was to be later identified as v-myc was the Murray-Begg endothelioma known as MH-2 [2,3]. The virus ultimately isolated from this tumor contained both v-myc and v-raf-1 [4].
Optimization of a diagnostic platform for oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) measurement in human plasma

Objectives: Oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) measurement can demonstrate the extent of oxidative stress in patients with severe illness and/or injury. A novel ORP diagnostic platform using dispo...
GNIS-LD: Serving and visualizing the Geographic Names Information System Gazetteer as linked data

In this dataset description paper we introduce the GNIS-LD, an authoritative and public domain Linked Dataset derived from the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. GNIS provides data about current, as well as historical, physical, and cultural geographic features in the United States. We describe the dataset, introduce an ontology for geographic feature types, and demonstrate the utility of recent linked geographic data contributions made in conjunction with the development of this resource. Co-reference resolution links to GeoNames.org and DBpedia are provided in the form of owl:sameAs relations. Finally, we point out how the adapted workflow is foundational for complex Digital Line Graph (DLG) data from the USGS National Map and how the GNIS-LD data can be integrated with DLG and other data sources such as sensor observations.
Criminalization and Drug “Wars” or Medicalization and Health “Epidemics”: How Race, Class, and Neoliberal Politics Influence Drug Laws

This essay argues that race and class influence drug laws through politicized means. Crack-cocaine and methamphetamine production, sales, and use were met with criminalizing efforts because of their respective association with African Americans and poor Whites, two groups that have been differentially identified as threatening to hegemonic power. Despite some similarities in criminalizing outcomes, specific reactions differed. Crack-cocaine’s publicized connection to violence resulted in extensive surveillance, arrest, and imprisonment. Attention surrounding methamphetamine, however, often linked the drug to safety hazards, including property explosions, physical distortions of users, and the pathology of un(der)employment. As a result, policing the methamphetamine problem increased detentions but not to the same extent as crack-cocaine. I contend that the current opioid “epidemic” has received more medicalized reactions due to opiate’s association to middle- and upper-class Whites—social groups that are traditionally protected. I conclude by proposing that despite nuanced and unique consequences of criminalizing and medicalizing responses, each reflects a neoliberalist agenda that seeks to diffuse social threat and reinforce prevailing inequalities.
In vivo indomethacin treatment causes microglial activation in adult mice.

The current study was undertaken to study the role of prostaglandins in regulating microglial activation. Mice were treated with indomethacin (2 μg/ml) in their drinking water to selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase activity. After 4–8 days, the effect of inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis on microglial activity was evaluated. This was accomplished by analyzing microglial expression of Mac-1 (C3 complement receptor) as an indicator of activation. Mac-1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry of fixed brain cryosections, and by flow cytometric analysis of immunostained single cell suspensions. Both methods demonstrated that compared to age-matched, untreated controls, brains of indomethacin-treated mice had increased levels of Mac-1 expression, suggesting an increase in the state of microglial activation. These results demonstrate the importance of prostaglandins in down regulating microglial activity, and that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin may act to increase the reactivity of the brain's immune system.
How Subordinates of Emotionally Intelligent Managers Handle Conflict in Different Countries

The study investigated the relationships of the five dimensions of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills) of supervisors to subordinates' styles of handling conflict (problem solving and bargaining). Data (N = 1,395) for this study were collected with questionnaires from MBA students in seven countries (U.S., Greece, China, Bangladesh, Hong Kong and Macau, South Africa, Portugal). Psychometric properties of the measures were tested and improved with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of indicator and internal consistency reliabilities and social desirability response bias, and the hypotheses were tested with a structural equations model for each country. Results in the U.S. and in the combined sample provided support for the model which suggests that self-awareness is positively associated with self-regulation, empathy, and social skills; self regulation is positively associated with empathy and social skills; empathy and social skills are positively associated with motivation; which in turn, is positively associated with problem solving style and negatively associated with bargaining style. Differences among countries in these relationships are noted and implications for organizations discussed.
The Use of Evoked Response Procedures in Studies of Reading Disability

This paper defines the concept of specific reading disability, discusses its genetic and neurologic bases, and examines the re sults of eight evoked response studies which have appeared in the literature. While testing and analysis procedures vary in these reports, there is some evidence to suggest that evoked potential differences between normal and disabled readers may exist, particularly when recordings are made from parietal areas, and when linguistic stimuli are used. The suggestion is offered that the heterogeneity of the disorder may tend to obscure differences between normal and disabled readers when comparisons are made between group means. An approach employing the genetic method as used in the study of inherited conditions in families may help to isolate different subtypes of the disorder. This approach initially requires the establishment of the range and limits of normal response. Some data exploring laterality effects in normal readers using linguistic stimuli are presented and discussed in terms of this approach.
A framework for modeling the nanomechanical and nanotribological properties of high temperature HfBxCy coatings

Abstract Highly conformal HfBxCy coatings were synthesized using low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a mixture of the precursors hafnium borohydride and dimethylbutene at a substrate temperature of 300 or 600 °C. The film composition was a function of the relative gas injection rates and the substrate temperature, which resulted in variable mechanical properties. Nanoscratch experiments revealed that the coefficient of friction ( μ ) can attain a superlubricity level of 0.05 for a C content of ~35 at% while retaining high hardness and modulus as evaluated by nanoindentation. This value of µ is comparable to diamond-like carbon, and underlines the potential of HfBxCy hard thin film coatings for tribological applications where conformality and high temperature are required. On the equilibrium phase diagram, the composition of the present HfBxCy films falls within a three-phase region consisting of the phases HfB2, HfC, and a-C. However, XPS data do not indicate the presence of C precipitates, and the B peak position is consistent with the possible presence of B4C. At such low growth temperature, the material is far from equilibrium and potentially might not consist of equilibrium phases. However, as a framework within which to view the measured mechanical properties, we calculate the properties that would be expected if films consisted of a mixture of HfB2, HfC, B4C, Hf and nanovoids. This heuristic approach predicts trends in general agreement with experiment.
Sexual Assault in Intimate Relationships: Introduction to Special Issue

The 13 articles in this special issue draw from the experience of women and men in Australia, Canada, Denmark, India, Micronesia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Vietnam, and the US to shed light on the co...
Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases

It is estimated that the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases will overtake cancer incidence to become the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Many of these diseases are associated with the inappropriate accumulation of proteins that are toxic to neurons. Normally, the accumulation of these proteins would be prevented by the appropriate activation of autophagy, a key cellular function regulated by activation of an endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response. This chapter discusses the role of autophagy in neurodegenerative disease, with a detailed description of how autophagy is activated and executed.
Coke or Diet Coke? (Conference Presentation)

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool in biomedical imaging and sensing; however, despite all its undisputed advantages, its intrinsic sensitivity is relatively low, and its specificity is rather limited due to overlapping vibrational bands. Fluorescence background often masks the useful signal, and dark rooms are normally required to avoid an unnecessary background. In this report, we will present our recent efforts on improving reliability and simplicity of deep UV Raman spectroscopy, which provides much improved sensitivity and specificity of detection (for example, we can routinely distinguish Coke® from Diet Coke® in a matter of milliseconds).
The Illusion of Change: Correcting for Biases in Change Inference for Sparse, Societal-Scale Data

Societal-scale data is playing an increasingly prominent role in social science research; examples from research on geopolitical events include questions on how emergency events impact the diffusion of information or how new policies change patterns of social interaction. Such research often draws critical inferences from observing how an exogenous event changes meaningful metrics like network degree or network entropy. However, as we show in this work, standard estimation methodologies make systematically incorrect inferences when the event also changes the sparsity of the data. To address this issue, we provide a general framework for inferring changes in social metrics when dealing with non-stationary sparsity. We propose a plug-in correction that can be applied to any estimator, including several recently proposed procedures. Using both simulated and real data, we demonstrate that the correction significantly improves the accuracy of the estimated change under a variety of plausible data generating processes. In particular, using a large dataset of calls from Afghanistan, we show that whereas traditional methods substantially overestimate the impact of a violent event on social diversity, the plug-in correction reveals the true response to be much more modest.
Recent Domain-Specific Applications of Artificial Intelligence Using IoT

This is a survey of recent domain-specific applications involving IoT (Internet of Things) and various areas of artificial intelligence. The domains and problems include malthouse, zoo management, ...
Visions and challenges in GeoAI, ethics, and spatial quantum computing

Geographic information systems are changing rapidly as new technologies, such as advances in artificial intelligence and quantum computing, proliferate. Towards gaining a glimpse of possible new directions for the next decades, it is paramount to disseminate and discuss new research directions, challenges, and visions, that may be of broad interest to the SIGSPATIAL community. In the last few years, our community has excelled at providing a forum for such visions and challenges in dedicated Vision and Challenge tracks, leading to many visionary research directions [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]. A goal of this newsletter is to continue and complement these visions. Three vision and challenge topics are covered in this special issue: 1. the first article is contributed by the organizers of GeoAI, the most successful ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop of the last years, having 40+ registrations each year, and having 50+ people in the workshop room at a time. The authors survey and summarize the directions of GeoAI publications of the last three years, and provide a list of open research directions for this rapidly advancing field; 2. in the second article, Fu et al. discuss ethical issues of mining urban spatial data. They identify ethical vulnerabilities from three primary research directions of urban computing: urban safety analysis, urban transportation analysis, and social media analysis for urban events; 3. in the third article, Martin Werner introduces central aspects of quantum algorithms and explores future directions on how quantum algorithms can be used to leverage spatial and spatio-temporal algorithms. This article describes example algorithms, such as map coloring and dynamic time warping, which may benefit from advances in quantum computing.
Parental Depression and Emerging Adult Psychological Problems: Indirect Effects by Parents’ Social Support and Emerging Adult Engagement Coping

The role of parents’ social support in relation to the socialization of coping strategies in emerging adults rarely has been studied. Parental depression has been related to both internalizing and ...
Bis(1H‐benzimidazole‐κN3)bis(naphthalene­‐2‐acetato‐κ2O,O′)cadmium(II) monohydrate

The CdII ion of the title mononuclear complex, [Cd(C12H9O2)2(C7H6N2)2]·H2O, lies on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis and is in a distorted trigonal prismatic coordin­ation enivironment, involving four carboxylate O atoms from two chelating naphthalene­acetate ligands and two N atoms from two benzimidazole ligands. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking inter­actions give rise to a one-dimensional chain structure. The solvent water molecule also lies on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis.
Multimedia Networking: From Theory to Practice

This authoritative guide is the first to provide a complete system design perspective based on existing international standards and state-of-the-art networking and infrastructure technologies, from theoretical analyses to practical design considerations. The four most critical components involved in a multimedia networking system - data compression, quality of service (QoS), communication protocols, and effective digital rights management - are intensively addressed. Many real-world commercial systems and prototypes are also introduced, as are software samples and integration examples, allowing readers to understand practical tradeoffs in the design of multimedia architectures, and get hands-on experience learning the methodologies and procedures. Balancing just the right amount of theory with practical design and integration knowledge, this book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in electrical engineering and computer science, and also for practitioners in the communications and networking industry. It can also be used as a textbook for specialized graduate-level courses on multimedia networking.
Foundations of Multimodal Co-learning

Abstract In the current state of the field of machine learning, often, real-world phenomena are learned through studies of isolated modalities; such as modeling language exclusively from verbal modality, which is a common theme in natural language processing. This is widely adopted since downstream tasksin different disciplines of machine learning are also often similarly isolated and unimodal. In sharp contrast to this, human learning from real-world experiences is rarely unimodal, and often exhibits a multisensory nature, regardless of any assumptions about downstream tasks. The cognitive constructs in human brain are consistently developed through multisensory reinforcement, and the same constructs generalize to unimodal scenarios. The difference between the trend of unimodal learning and human cognitive development raises the following question: “Even if downstream tasks are unimodal during test time, is it better to learn from the isolated modality or from multimodal information?”. In this paper we focus on an in-depth study of this research question. We study the differences between unimodal learning and Multimodal Co-learning (MCl), both from empirical and theoretical standpoints. Through the lens of information entropy and characteristics of deep neural networks, we demonstrate strong theoretical justifications in favor of MCl.
Chapter 12 – Concluding Remarks

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some open problems concerning mechanical theorem proving. The main problem is concerned with the efficiency of proof procedures. The chapter reviews many resolution strategies, each of which is believed to have its own advantages. Mechanization of higher-order logic is another important problem in mechanical theorem proving. Modal logic has been shown to be important for designing problem-solving systems. As for applying theorem proving to question answering, it is obvious that, given a question to answer, a question-answering system should not conduct an exhaustive search among all the facts to answer the question. It should only use those facts relevant to the question. Therefore, data organization is critical to the success of a question-answering system. Finally, in applying theorem proving to question answering, it is known that one often needs to translate English sentences into formulas of the first-order logic. The translation of English into the language of logic is by no means trivial.
Identifying patients who access musculoskeletal physical therapy: a retrospective cohort analysis

Background Musculoskeletal conditions are common and cause high levels of disability and costs. Physical therapy is recommended for many musculoskeletal conditions. Past research suggests that referral rates appear to have increased over time, but the rate of accessing a physical therapist appears unchanged. Objective Our retrospective cohort study describes the rate of physical therapy use after referral for a variety of musculoskeletal diagnoses while comparing users and non-users of physical therapy services after referral. Methods The study sample included patients in the University of Utah Health system who received care from a medical provider for a musculoskeletal condition. We included a comprehensive set of variables available in the electronic data warehouse possibly associated with attending physical therapy. Our primary analysis compared differences in patient factors between physical therapy users and non-users using Poisson regression. Results 15 877 (16%) patients had a referral to physical therapy, and 3812 (24%) of these patients accessed physical therapy after referral. Most of the factors included in the model were associated with physical therapy use except for sex and number of comorbidities. The receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.63 suggesting poor predictability of the model but it is likely related to the heterogeneity of the sample. Conclusions We found that obesity, ethnicity, public insurance and urgent care referrals were associated with poor adherence to physical therapy referral. However, the limited predictive power of our model suggests a need for a deeper examination into factors that influence patients access to a physical therapist.
Is Dementia-Specific Caregiving Compared With Non-Dementia Caregiving Associated With Physical Difficulty Among Caregivers for Community-Dwelling Adults?

Objective:The purpose of this study is to identify whether dementia caregiving is associated with physical difficulty among informal caregivers.Methods:This cross-sectional retrospective cohort stu...
An Organizational Approach to Staff Training

Educational approaches to staff development seem to be limited by various staff factors. Previous research has attempted to identify the factors that affect components of the staff development model, as shown in Figure 1.1: consumer outcome, program development, and staff training.1 Examining the characteristics more closely may lead to staff development strategies that augment more traditional, educational approaches; i.e., what staff factors interact with staff training to effect program development and consumer outcome. Research on these factors is reviewed below.
Collaborative desktop engineering

This paper discusses conclusions from development, testing and comparison of three AI based applications that support multidisciplinary analyses of complex engineering problems. Our approach to automating multidisciplinary analyses involves integrating independent software tools (services) into unified systems that reason about shared computer interpretable models. Early desktop engineering systems integrate a fixed set of services and are limited in their flexibility to modify the types of analysis included in the integrated system. Next generation systems face the challenge of providing users flexibility to choose services freely based upon their analysis needs while providing a structured framework for controlling interactions and data sharing among the chosen services.This paper starts with a case example illustrating pre-project planning (PPP) challenges that today's practitioners confront. We then describe our approach to integration and automation as exemplified by the Facility Alternative Creation Tool (FACT), a system that utilizes structure, behavior, and function representation to implement integration and automation of PPP.We discuss how service reasoning exploits the function, behavior, and structure representation to process project information from multiple perspectives in a general way. We describe how circle reasoning enables dynamic addition and deletion of services and automated sequencing of changing sets of services. These reasoning approaches together with a PPP ontology enable greater flexibility for integrating and automating PPP. We compare FACT to two other applications, focusing on five issues: purpose, representation, reasoning, interface, and testing. From experimenting with these systems, we conclude that, like desktop publishing, desktop engineering enables significant change in engineering practice.
Response: Seeing as Perceiving? The Danger and the Possibility in Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenological Ontology

Peter Albano’s essay on Merleau-Ponty’s Primacy of Perception draws our attention to aspects of knowing — embodied knowing — that is worthy of investigation and analysis precisely because it is ignored in education. MerleauPonty’s work, described by Albano as “phenomenological ontology,” is difficult. It is perhaps too contradictory to think about, much less talk about, because it is already barred and confounded by language itself. Yet, embodied knowing is too fundamental and potentially too liberatory to overlook.
Differential ATP requirements distinguish the DNA translocation and DNA unwinding activities of the Escherichia coli PRI A protein.

Abstract The Escherichia coli primosome is a mobile multiprotein DNA replication-priming apparatus that assembles at a specific site (termed a primosome assembly site (PAS] on single-stranded DNA-binding protein-coated single-stranded DNA. The PRI A protein (factor Y, protein n') is a PAS sequence-specific (d)ATPase as well as a DNA helicase and is believed to direct the assembly of the primosome at a PAS. In this report, the PRI A DNA helicase reaction is dissected in vitro, by use of a strand displacement assay, into three steps with distinct ATP requirements. First, the PRI A protein gains entry to the DNA via an ATP-independent, PAS sequence-specific binding event. Second, the PRI A protein translocates along the single-stranded DNA in the 3'----5' direction at a maximal rate of 90 nucleotides/s. DNA translocation requires ATP hydrolysis. The ATP concentration required to support half of the maximal translocation rate is 100 microM, which is identical to the Km for ATP of the PRI A protein DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Finally, the PRI A protein unwinds duplex DNA. The ATP concentration required for duplex DNA unwinding depends upon the length of the duplex region to be unwound. Displacement of a 24-nucleotide long oligomer required no more ATP than that required for the translocation of PRI A protein along single-stranded DNA, whereas displacement of a 390-nucleotide long DNA fragment required a 10-fold higher concentration of ATP than that required for oligomer displacement.
Employment Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation: Dimensions of Difference

This chapter addresses employment discrimination based on sexual orientation by examining three main subjects: the experience and impacts of discrimination for gay and lesbian workers, public attitudes about gays and lesbians generally and gays and employment specifically, and collective contests over implementing anti-discrimination laws and policies to protect gay and lesbian workers. A large percentage of gay and lesbian workers fear employment discrimination or believe they have experienced it. There is some evidence of a wage penalty for being gay, at least for males. Public attitudes toward gays and lesbians have softened in recent decades but they still remain an unpopular minority. Most Americans believe homosexuality is morally wrong, and many view it as a chosen behavior. Despite these views, there is relatively high public support for gay and lesbian employment rights. In collective contests over public anti-discrimination measures, the gay rights movement faces off against a powerful countermovement with roots in the Christian Right. Gay and lesbian activists have had growing success in the private sector, convincing employers to adopt anti-discrimination policies and to extend spousal benefits to same-sex domestic partners. The chapter concludes with reflections on the differences between sexual orientation discrimination and other forms of employment discrimination, which point to the need to disaggregate the various forms of discrimination and identify the distinct causes and consequences of each type.
The Social Perspective Taking Process: What Motivates Individuals to Take Another's Perspective?:

Background/ContextA growing literature describes multiple benefits of social perspective taking—many of which are particularly important for schools. Despite these potential benefits for administra...