cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On levels in arrangements and voronoi diagrams

This paper gives efficient, randomized algorithms for the following problems: (1) construction of levels of order 1 tok in an arrangement of hyperplanes in any dimension and (2) construction of higher-order Voronoi diagrams of order 1 tok in any dimension. A new combinatorial tool in the form of a mathematical series, called a ? series, is associated with an arrangement of hyperplanes inRd. It is used to study the combinatorial as well as algorithmic complexity of the geometric problems under consideration.
Potassium Carbonate–18‐Crown‐6

(K2CO3) [584-08-7] CK2O3 (MW 138.21) InChI = 1S/CH2O3.2K/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2 InChIKey = BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L (18-crown-6) [17455-13-9] C12H24O6 (MW 264.36) InChI = 1S/C12H24O6/c1-2-14-5-6-16-9-10-18-12-11-17-8-7-15-4-3-13-1/h1-12H2 InChIKey = XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (basic reagent combination that operates efficiently under catalytic two-phase conditions, yet is sufficiently gentle not to hydrolyze or otherwise destroy sensitive products;1, 2 capable of promoting trans-alkene formation during Wittig condensations;3 heightens selectivity and reactivity of carbanions in nonpolar solvents4) Physical Data: prepared in situ. Solubility: while 18-crown-6 is soluble in aprotic solvents, potassium carbonate exhibits very limited solubility. As a consequence, it is believed that proton abstraction occurs on the surface of the solid carbonate.1 For this reason, it is particularly important to recognize that K2CO3 is a finely powdered material that exhibits no tendency to aggregate and form lumps. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: this reagent combination eliminates the need to prepare anhydrous solvents and is convenient because the prior preparation of carbanions is unnecessary. Furthermore, hazardous and expensive ingredients are not involved.
Cometabolic degradation of trichloroethylene by Burkholderia cepacia G4 with poplar leaf homogenate

Trichloroethylene (TCE), a chlorinated organic solvent, is one of the most common and widespread groundwater contaminants worldwide. Among the group of TCE-degrading aerobic bacteria, Burkholderia cepacia G4 is the best-known representative. This strain requires the addition of specific substrates, including toluene, phenol, and benzene, to induce the enzymes to degrade TCE. However, the substrates are toxic and introducing them into the soil can result in secondary contamination. In this study, poplar leaf homogenate containing natural phenolic compounds was tested for the ability to induce the growth of and TCE degradation by B. cepacia G4. The results showed that the G4 strain could grow and degrade TCE well with the addition of phytochemicals. The poplar leaf homogenate also functioned as an inducer of the toluene-ortho-monooxygenase (TOM) gene in B. cepacia G4.
Mass transfer between a turbulent fluid and a solid boundary: Linear theory

A linear form of the mass balance equation is used to determine how turbulent transport of mass to a solid wall is related to the fluctuating velocity field. It is found that at high Schmidt numbers the Reynolds transport is controlled by fluctuations of much lower frequency than the most energetic velocity fluctuations. The characteristic of the velocity field that emerges as being most important is the small frequency limiting value of the spectral function of the velocity fluctuations normal to the wall. However, the linear theory that is explored does not predict the correct dependency of the average and the mean-squared deviation of the mass transfer coefficient on Schmidt number. A nonlinear analysis must be performed to examine fully the mechanism of turbulent mass transfer to a solid surface.
Uniform basis properties of exponential solutions of functional differential equations of retarded type

We define spaces of functions on an interval naturally related to functional differential equations of retarded type in the sense that exponential solutions of such equations form a uniform basis (or Riesz basis) in these spaces. Embedding theorems relating these spaces to the Sobolev spaces are established using a result on Carleson's measure defined on a half plane.
Diatremes with Kimberlitic Affinities in North-Central Montana

Diatremes in the Missouri River Breaks demonstrate systematic subsidence-ring structure, contain inclusions derived from far above and far below, and have been produced by gas-rich eruptions of alkalic ultramafic magmas. Similar magmas have produced diatremes in many localities in the world and are known to be closely associated with and probably parental to kimberlites.
Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Small Intestine After Occupational Exposure to Radiation and Polyvinyl Chloride: A case Report and Review of Literature.

Angiosarcomas represent 1–2% of soft tissue sarcomas and most frequently occur in the subcutis. They may affect internal organs, such as the heart, liver, and spleen, and only rarely do they emerge in the gastrointestinal tract. The association between angiosarcomas and certain toxic chemical substances or previous external-beam radiation therapy is well documented.
Limiting Case Models in the Behavioral Sciences: Perfect Competition, Perfect Benevolence, and Perfect Malevolence

By isolating key variables and limiting their value, limiting case models portray processes that are empirically rare or nonexistent. Such models, however, have often been extremely useful in the analysis of events in the real world. The perfect competition model, borrowed from economics, has been useful in analysis of social behavior, but many social phenomena appear rather far removedfrom the limited assumptions of this model. This paper proposes two additional limiting case models-perfect benevolence and perfect malevolence-as alternative ideal descriptions. Insights from the three ideal models are then used to develop a more general model with less restrictive assumptions based on four variables: degree of monopoly, degree of explicitness, identification, and terms of exchange. Several empirical applications are discussed.
A multiplex PCR for Massachusetts and Arkansas serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the prototype of the coronavirus family, is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus with a genome size of approximately 27.6 kilobase. Infectious bronchitis virus causes an acute, highly contagious respiratory and urogenital disease of chickens which results in significant economic losses in commercial broilers, layers and breeders. A rapid, highly sensitive and specific method is needed in the differential diagnosis of infections of different serotypes. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed and optimized to simultaneously detect Massachusetts (Mass) and Arkansas (Ark) serotypes of IBV. One common primer and two serotype specific primers were chosen from the S1 gene sequences of IBV and used in one PCR reaction. Under optimized PCR conditions, two serotype specific PCR products, 1026 bp for Mass and 896 bp for Ark, respectively, were amplified and detected by agarose gel electrophoreses. The specificity of the technique was verified by using 20 different strains and isolates of IBV, and other avian bacterial and viral pathogens. Using a serial 10-fold dilution of the artificial mixture of both Mass and Ark samples, the detection limit was found to be 5 pg RNA after 35 cycles of PCR. The multiplex PCR was able to detect and differentiate both serotypes in embryonated eggs that were co-infected with different EID50virus titers of Mass 41 and Ark 99. The multiplex PCR developed in this study will be valuable for rapid identification, differential diagnosis, and epidemiological studies of these two serotypes of IBV infections.
Turbo equalization for doubly-selective MIMO fading channels using exponential basis models

We present an adaptive soft-input soft-output (SISO) turbo equalization receiver for doubly-selective multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The proposed receiver exploits the complex exponential basis expansion model (CE-BEM) for the overall channel variations, and an autoregressive (AR) model for the BEM coefficients. We extend an existing single-user turbo equalization approach based on symbol-wise AR modeling of channels to multiuser/MIMO channels based on BEMs. Simulation examples demonstrate that our CE-BEM-based approach has superior performance over a symbol-wise AR model-based turbo equalizer.
Simulating riparian vegetation and aquatic habitat dynamics in response to natural and anthropogenic disturbance regimes in the Upper Grande Ronde River, Oregon, USA

We developed state and transition models (STMs) to evaluate the effects of natural disturbances and land-use practices on aquatic and riparian habitats. The STMs consisted of discrete states defined by channel morphology and riparian vegetation. Transitions between states resulted from plant succession and from natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Channel conditions and habitat suitability for anadromous salmonids were ranked by using a qualitative four-factor scale for each state in the STMs. Disturbance probabilities were varied to define both historical and current disturbance regimes. Models were run for 120 years with the current disturbance regime to illustrate changes associated with Euro-American settlement, and then run for an additional 50 years under the historical disturbance regime to illustrate the potential for passive recovery. Results suggested that Euro-American settlement dramatically changed riparian vegetation and channel conditions, which resulted in substantial declines in habitat quality. Passive recovery of channel conditions and habitat suitability was quick in some stream types, but slow in others. Overall, our results underestimate the effects of human land uses on streams and overestimate the rate of recovery under passive restoration because the models do not yet include the effects of many management activities, especially those resulting from forest harvest and roads.
PECAM-1 is necessary for flow-induced vascular remodeling

Objective— Vascular remodeling is a physiological process that occurs in response to long-term changes in hemodynamic conditions, but may also contribute to the pathophysiology of intima-media thickening (IMT) and vascular disease. Shear stress detection by the endothelium is thought to be an important determinant of vascular remodeling. Previous work showed that platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is a component of a mechanosensory complex that mediates endothelial cell (EC) responses to shear stress. Methods and Results— We tested the hypothesis that PECAM-1 contributes to vascular remodeling by analyzing the response to partial carotid artery ligation in PECAM-1 knockout mice and wild-type littermates. PECAM-1 deficiency resulted in impaired vascular remodeling and significantly reduced IMT in areas of low flow. Inward remodeling was associated with PECAM-1-dependent NFκB activation, surface adhesion molecule expression, and leukocyte infiltration as well as Akt activation and vascular cell proliferation. Conclusions— PECAM-1 plays a crucial role in the activation of the NFκB and Akt pathways and inflammatory cell accumulation during vascular remodeling and IMT. Elucidation of some of the signals that drive vascular remodeling represent pharmacologically tractable targets for the treatment of restenosis after balloon angioplasty or stent placement.
The eastern maritime boundary between the United States and Canada

The easternmost part of the United States is separated from Canada by an imaginary line in the ocean. The oceanic boundary is evidence of the extensive marine heritage of the state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The International Court of Justice at The Hague (the "World Court") recently handed down a decision which extended the boundary line across the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank. The action was intended to resolve a long-standing controversy our fishing rights on Georges Bank (Eos, 65, (45), p. 801, 1984). The extension of the line adds a modern chapter to a maritime boundary dispute which is older than the government of either nation. The controversy is rooted in imprecise language used in the Treaty of Paris, which officially separated the nascent United States from Great Britain in 1783. Faced with sorting out the implications of the recent boundary decision, it is well to recall and perhaps benefit from the long history of related events, most of which had serious economic and personal consequences for residents on each side of the border.
Genomic analysis of early murine mammary gland development using novel probe-level algorithms

We describe a novel algorithm (ChipStat) for detecting gene-expression changes utilizing probe-level comparisons of replicate Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray data. A combined detection approach is shown to yield greater sensitivity than a number of widely used methodologies including SAM, dChip and logit-T. Using this approach, we identify alterations in functional pathways during murine neonatal-pubertal mammary development that include the coordinate upregulation of major urinary proteins and the downregulation of loci exhibiting reciprocal imprinting.
Comparison of the Grimm 1.108 and 1.109 Portable Aerosol Spectrometer to the TSI 3321 Aerodynamic Particle Sizer for Dry Particles

This study compared the response of two optical particle counters with that of an aerodynamic particle sizer. The optical particle counters rely on the amount of incident light scattered at 90 � by a particle to measure particle number concentration by optical particle size. Two models of optical particle counters from Grimm Technologies were used: the portable aerosol spectrometer (PAS) 1.108 (0.3–20 mm in 15 channels); and the PAS 1.109 (0.2–20 mm in 30 size channels). With a substantially different operating principle from that employed by the optical particle counters, the aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) model 3321 (TSI, Inc., St Paul, MN, USA) sizes particles according to their behavior in an accelerating flow to provide particle number concentration by aerodynamic size over a slightly narrower size range (0.5–20 mm) in 52 channels. The responses of these instruments were compared for three sizes of monodisperse solid aerosols composed of polystyrene latex spheres and a polydisperse aerosol composed of Arizona test dust. The PASs provided similar results to those from the APS. However, there were systematic differences among instruments in number and mass concentration measurement that depended upon particle size.
Operation Gatekeeper: The Rise of the “Illegal Alien” and the Making of the U.S.-Mexico Boundary

Joseph Nevins. New York: Routledge, 2002. xi and 286 pp., maps, apps., and index. $17.95 paper (ISBN 0-415-93105-3). The displays of nationalistic fervor in the wake of the September 11 attacks sur...
The Nature of pH Discriminant Differences in the Behavior of Various Phosphoanhydrides, Mixed Phosphate Anhydrides, and Phosphate Esters as Substrates and Inhibitors with Microsomal Glucose 6-Phosphatase

Abstract The relative abilities of a variety of phosphoanhydrides, phosphate esters, and mixed phosphate anhydrides (acyl phosphate compounds) to function (a) as substrates for hydrolase and phosphotransferase activities of rat liver microsomal d-glucose 6-phosphate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.9) and (b) as inhibitors of glucose 6-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity have been considered as a function of reaction pH. Competitive inhibitions of glucose 6-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity by adenosine 5'-triphosphate, inorganic pyrophosphate, mannose 6-phosphate, and carbamyl phosphate have been observed over the entire range of hydrogen ion concentrations studied, pH 5 to 8. In contrast, hydrolytic and synthetic activities with pyrophosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate have been observed only at neutral and acid pH, while glucose 6-phosphate, mannose 6-phosphate, carbamyl phosphate (and several other acyl phosphate anhydrides) are effective substrates at alkaline as well as lower pH values. Under conditions where both parameters may be determined, Km values for various compounds functioning as substrates for phosphohydrolase and phosphotransferase activities agree well with Ki values for these compounds acting as competitive inhibitors. Activity-pH profiles for both hydrolase and phosphotransferase (with glucose as acceptor molecule) activities are, with each substrate, essentially identical. It is concluded from these observations (a) that all these compounds may bind to a common enzymic active site at all pH values to produce binary enzyme-phosphoryl compound complexes, as indicated by inhibition data; (b) that assay pH does not discriminate between hydrolase and phosphotransferase activity of the enzyme, per se, since both types of activity are demonstrable at alkaline, as well as lower pH values with certain tested compounds; and (c) that pH discriminant effects (reactivity, or inhibition at high compared with lower pH values, or both) thus are dependent upon the nature of the phosphate substrate rather than the type of reaction involved. It is concluded, from these observations and a consideration of relevant earlier studies, that discrimination by assay pH with respect to the modes of reactivity of various phosphate compounds (ability to function as substrates and inhibitors as contrast with ability to function only as inhibitors) is manifest at an intermediate step in the over-all reaction mechanism, that involving the dissociation of binary enzyme-phosphoryl compound complexes to produce a phosphorylenzyme intermediate. The possible physiological implications of these observations are discussed briefly in terms of roles and regulation at pH 7 of activities of glucose 6-phosphatase, which may be under rigid metabolite control.
Strategies to Prevent Surgical Site Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update

Previously published guidelines are available that provide comprehensive recommendations for detecting and preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist acute care hospitals in implementing and prioritizing their surgical site infection (SSI) prevention efforts. This document updates “Strategies to Prevent Surgical Site Infections in Acute Care Hospitals,” published in 2008. This expert guidance document is sponsored by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and is the product of a collaborative effort led by SHEA, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise. The list of endorsing and supporting organizations is presented in the introduction to the 2014 updates.
A Unified Model for Moist Convective Boundary Layers Based on a Stochastic Eddy-Diffusivity/Mass-Flux Parameterization

AbstractA single-column model (SCM) is developed for representing moist convective boundary layers. The key component of the SCM is the parameterization of subgrid-scale vertical mixing, which is based on a stochastic eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux (EDMF) approach. In the EDMF framework, turbulent fluxes are calculated as a sum of the turbulent kinetic energy–based eddy-diffusivity component and a mass-flux component. The mass flux is modeled as a fixed number of steady-state plumes. The main challenge of the mass-flux model is to properly represent cumulus clouds, which are modeled as moist plumes. The solutions have to account for a realistic representation of condensation within the plumes and of lateral entrainment into the plumes. At the level of mean condensation within the updraft, the joint pdf of moist conserved variables and vertical velocity is used to estimate the proportion of dry and moist plumes and is sampled in a Monte Carlo way creating a predefined number of plumes. The lateral entrainment ...
The empirical assessment of construct validity

Abstract This paper provides an in-depth review of the different methods available for assessing the construct validity of measures used in empirical research. Construct validity pertains to the degree to which the measure of a construct sufficiently measures the intended concept (e.g., is free of measurement error) and has been shown to be a necessary component of the research process. In order to illustrate the steps required to establish construct validity, we drew upon empirical research in the operations management area of manufacturing flexibility.
Evolutionary emergence of microRNAs in human embryonic stem cells.

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have unique abilities to divide indefinitely without differentiating and potential to differentiate into more than 200 cell types. These properties make hES cells an ideal model system for understanding early human development and for regenerative medicine. Molecular mechanisms including cellular signaling and transcriptional regulation play important roles in hES cell differentiation. However, very little information is available on posttranscriptional regulation of hES cell pluripotency, self-renewal, and early decisions about cell fate. microRNAs (miRNAs), 22-nt long non-coding small RNAs found in plants and animals, regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translation repression. In hES cells we found that 276 miRNAs were expressed; of these, a set of 30 miRNAs had significantly changed expression during differentiation. Using a representative example, miR-302b, we show that miRNAs in human ES cells assemble into a bona fide RISC that contains Ago2 and can specifically cleave perfectly matched target RNA. Our results demonstrate that human ES cell differentiation is accompanied by changes in the expression of a unique set of miRNAs, providing a glimpse of a new molecular circuitry that may regulate early development in humans. Chromosomes 19 and X contained 98 and 40 miRNA genes, respectively, indicating that majority of miRNA genes in hES cells were expressed from these two chromosomes. Strikingly, distribution analysis of miRNA gene loci across six species including dog, rat, mouse, rhesus, chimpanzee, and human showed that miRNA genes encoded in chromosome 19 were drastically increased in chimpanzees and humans while miRNA gene loci on other chrosmomes were decreased as compared with dog, rat, and mouse. Comparative genomic studies showed 99% conservation of chromosome 19 miRNA genes between chimpanzees and humans. Together, these findings reveal the evolutionary emergence, ∼5 million years ago, of miRNAs involved in regulating early human development. One could imagine that this burst of miRNA gene clusters at specific chromosomes was part of an evolutionary event during species divergence.
Pre- and Postexposure Prophylaxis of Ebola Virus Infection in an Animal Model by Passive Transfer of a Neutralizing Human Antibody

A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, KZ52, protects guinea pigs from lethal Ebola Zaire virus challenge. Administration before or up to 1 h after challenge resulted in dose-dependent protection by the antibody. Interestingly, some antibody-treated animals survived despite developing high-level viremia, suggesting that the mechanism of protection by KZ52 may extend beyond reduction of viremia by virus neutralization. KZ52 is a promising candidate for immunoprophylaxis of Ebola virus infection.
BoLeRO: a principled technique for including bone length constraints in motion capture occlusion filling

Given a motion capture sequence with occlusions, how can we recover the missing values, respecting bone-length constraints? Recent past work uses Linear Dynamical Systems (LDS), which work well, except for occasionally violating such constraints, and thus lead to unrealistic results. Our main contribution is a principled approach for preserving such distances. Specifically (a) we show how to formulate the problem as a constrained optimization problem, using two variations: hard constraints, and soft constraints; (b) we show how to efficiently solve both variations; (c) we demonstrate the realism of our approaches against competitors, on real motion capture data, illustrating that our 'soft constraints' version eventually produces more realistic results.
Putting Creativity to Work: The Implementation of Creative Ideas in Organizations

The production of creative ideas does not necessarily imply their implementation. This study examines the possibility that the relation between creativity and implementation is regulated by individ...
EARLY PREGNANCY MODULATES SURVIVAL AND APOPTOSIS PATHWAYS IN THE CORPUS LUTEUM IN SHEEP

The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine gland. Functional and structural demise of the CL allows a new estrous cycle. On the other hand, survival of CL and its secretion of progesterone are required for the establishment of pregnancy. Survival or apoptosis of the luteal cells is precisely controlled by interactions between survival and apoptosis pathways. Regulation of these cell signaling components during natural luteolysis and establishment of pregnancy is largely unknown in ruminants. The objective of the present study was to determine the regulation of survival and apoptosis signaling protein machinery in the CL on days 12, 14, and 16 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy in sheep. Results indicate that: i) expressions of p-ERK1/2, p-AKT, β-catenin, NFκB -p65, -p50, -p52, p-Src, p-β -arrestin, p-GSK3β, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and p-CREB proteins are suppressed during natural luteolysis; in contrast, their expressions are sustained or increased during establishment of pregnancy; ii) expressions of cleaved caspase-3, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), c-Fos, c-Jun, and EGR-1 proteins are increased during natural luteolysis; in contrast, their expressions are decreased during establishment of pregnancy; and iii) expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bad, and Bax proteins are not modulated during natural luteolysis while expressions of Bcl2 and Bcl-XL proteins are increased during establishment of pregnancy in sheep. These proteomic changes are evident in both large and small luteal cells. These results together indicate that regression of the CL during natural luteolysis or survival of the CL during establishment of pregnancy is precisely controlled by distinct programmed suppression or activation of intraluteal cell survival and apoptosis pathways in sheep/ruminants.
An Examination Of Quarterly Financial Ratio Stability: Implications For Financial Decision Making

This paper examines the underlying dimensions of financial ratios derived from quarterly and annual financial information. Forty-four ratios were factor analyzed to determine their underlying dimensions. The results indicate that 12 dimensions underlie ratios developed from both quarterly and annual financial information. This finding differs from the seven factors consistently described for annual financial ratios in prior research. Comparison of these results and their implications are presented.
Intermingled ascending wave m -sets

Given a coloring of Z + , we call a monochromatic set A = { a 1 < a 2 < ? < a m } an m -set. The diameter of A is a m - a 1 . Given two m -sets A and B , we say that they are non-overlapping if max ( A ) < min ( B ) or max ( B ) < min ( A ) . The original study of non-overlapping m -sets, done by Bialostocki, Erd?s, and Lefmann, concerned non-decreasing diameters. We investigate an "intermingling" of certain subset diameters of non-overlapping m -sets. In particular, we show that, for every integer m ? 2 , the minimum integer n ( m ) such that every 2-coloring of 1 , n ( m ) admits two m -sets { a 1 < a 2 < ? < a m } and { b 1 < b 2 < ? < b m } with a m < b 1 , such that b 1 - a 1 ? b 2 - a 2 ? ? ? b m - a m is n ( m ) = 6 m - 5 . The r -coloring case is also investigated.
Quantification and Gene Expression Analysis of Histone Deacetylases in Common Bean during Rust Fungal Inoculation

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in plant growth, development, and defense processes and are one of the primary causes of epigenetic modifications in a genome. There was only one study reported on epigenetic modifications of the important legume crop, common bean, and its interaction with the fungal rust pathogen Uromyces appendiculatus prior to this project. We measured the total active HDACs levels in leaf tissues and observed expression patterns for the selected HDAC genes at 0, 12, and 84 hours after inoculation in mock inoculated and inoculated plants. Colorimetric analysis showed that the total amount of HDACs present in the leaf tissue decreased at 12 hours in inoculated plants compared to mock inoculated control plants. Gene expression analyses indicated that the expression pattern of gene PvSRT1 is similar to the trend of total active HDACs in this time course experiment. Gene PvHDA6 showed increased expression in the inoculated plants during the time points measured. This is one of the first attempts to study expression levels of HDACs in economically important legumes in the context of plant pathogen interactions. Findings from our study will be helpful to understand trends of total active HDACs and expression patterns of these genes under study during biotic stress.
Increase in hepatic blood flow during early sepsis is due to increased portal blood flow

Although hepatic blood flow increases significantly during early sepsis [as produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)], it is not known whether this is due to the increase in portal or hepatic arterial blood flows. To study this, rats were subjected to CLP, after which they and sham-operated rats received either 3 or 6 ml normal saline/100 g body wt subcutaneously (i.e., all rats received crystalloid therapy). Blood flow in various organs was determined by using a radioactive microsphere technique at 5 and 20 h after CLP or sham operation. Portal blood flow was calculated as the sum of blood flows to the spleen, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and mesentery. Total hepatic blood flow was the sum of portal blood flow and hepatic arterial blood flow. A significant increase in portal blood flow and in total hepatic blood flow was observed at 5 h after CLP (i.e., early sepsis), and this was not altered by doubling the volume of crystalloid resuscitation after the induction of sepsis. In contrast, hepatic arterial blood flow during early sepsis was found to be similar to control; however, it was significantly reduced in late sepsis (i.e., 20 h after CLP). Cardiac output was significantly higher than the control in early sepsis. However, even in late sepsis, cardiac output and total hepatic blood flow were not significantly different from controls. These results indicate that the increased total hepatic blood flow during early hyperdynamic sepsis is solely due to the increased portal blood flow.
Certain Mathematical Achievements of James Gregory

(1943). Certain Mathematical Achievements of James Gregory. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 149-163.
High Levels of Mitochondrial DNA Differentiation in Two Lineages of Antbirds (Drymophila and Hypocnemis)

We assessed levels of genetic differentiation based on mitochondrial DNA sequences (portions of the cytochrome-b and ND2 genes) at several taxonomic levels in thamnophilid antbirds. Our focus was to investigate genetic differentiation among populations of two species in the genus Drymophila and to identify the sister genus to Drymophila. In addition, we present evidence of high levels of population subdivision in Hypocnemis cantator (Warbling Antbird). This widespread Amazonian taxon co-occurs, on a local scale, with D. devillei (Striated Antbird). Sequence divergences among populations of D. devillei and D. caudata (Long-tailed Antbird), two bamboo-specialists, often exceeded 2% between populations. Divergences within H. cantator, a species with more generalized habitat requirements and a more continuous distribution, were even higher, including 5.7% divergence between samples separated by 350 km of apparently continuous Amazonian forest. At higher taxonomic levels, genetic distances suggest that antbird genera and biological species are old. Genetic divergence between the two species that comprise the genus Hypocnemis was 9.3%, and divergence between D. devillei and D. caudata averaged 7.2%. Weighted parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses supported Hypocnemis as the sister taxon to Drymophila; the genus Myrmotherula was not monophyletic, supporting previous allozyme analyses. In addition to the protein-coding sequences, we found that spacer regions between genes also provided phylogenetically informative characters from the level of suboscine families to within the biological species that we studied. Received 31 March 1998, accepted 7 April 1999.
Ideology and Pragmatism: Philosophy or Passion?

In “Politics, Ideology, And Belief Systems” Professor Sartori has undertaken the Sisyphean task of drawing up conceptual schemes to distinguish the political mentalities of the pragmatist and the ideologist. His “Hypothesis” poses the curious proposition that “ideology and pragmatisms qua ‘political cultures’ are related, respectively, to the ‘cultural matrixes’ rationalism and empiricism.” (p. 402) When political scientists put forth hypotheses, students of history are usually not far behind with their arid facts and pale negations. Sartori's hypothesis is an intriguing theoretical formulation of a central issue in twentieth century politics; whether it is historically valid is the concern of this article. For the question that remains uppermost as I read his article is simply who are the ideologists and who are the pragmatists? Historically considered, if we were to apply Sartori's defining characteristics to a specific context it may very well be that the totalitarian “ideologies” of communism and fascism would have to be judged “pragmatic,” while the mentality of American political behavior may even have to be considered “ideological.” Since I am sure Professor Sartori did not have this ironic interpretation in mind, perhaps some elaboration is in order. When Marx turned Hegel on his head he not only gave a materialistic base to German idealism but imputed an activistic impulse to political theory. Dialectical materialism is the “actualization of philosophy,” the extension of contemplative thought into real life. And whether regarded as a “knowing-process” or as Sartori's “belief system,” Marxism represented a rejection of both the deductive rationalism of Descartes and the sensationalist rationalism of Locke.
Host Plants of Spanogonicus albofasciatus in Arizona

In determining host plants of Spanogonicus albofasciatus (Reuter) in Arizona, insects were collected from plants with a net, with a suction machine, or plant samples were collected and held in 1-gal jars, and eggs held for a sufficient time to permit hatch. Host plants were determined from the literature also and this study included 16 families and 31 species. The insect overwinters primarily in the egg stage.
Ultrafast Doppler As a Novel Bedside Measure of Cerebral Perfusion in Preterm Infants

Premature birth is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. One potential contributing factor is systemic hypotension resulting in impairment of cerebral perfusion. The management of systemic hypotension in premature infants is variable, as there are currently no adequate clinical methods of determining when perfusion begins to be compromised in this population. We hypothesized that plane-wave fast Doppler imaging could be a reproducible bedside method to measure cerebral blood flow velocity at the tissue level in preterm infants. By correlating those values to systemic blood pressure, we hoped to better define …
Transcriptional Profiling of Ileocecal Valve of Holstein Dairy Cows Infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis

Johne’s disease is a chronic infection of the small intestine caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), an intracellular bacterium. The events of pathogen survival within the host cell(s), chronic inflammation and the progression from asymptomatic subclinical stage to an advanced clinical stage of infection, are poorly understood. This study examines gene expression in the ileocecal valve (ICV) of Holstein dairy cows at different stages of MAP infection. The ICV is known to be a primary site of MAP colonization and provides an ideal location to identify genes that are relevant to the progression of this disease. RNA was prepared from ICV tissues and RNA-Seq was used to compare gene transcription between clinical, subclinical, and uninfected control animals. Interpretation of the gene expression data was performed using pathway analysis and gene ontology categories containing multiple differentially expressed genes. Results demonstrated that many of the pathways that had strong differential gene expression between uninfected control and clinical cows were related to the immune system, such as the T- and B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, NOD-like receptor signaling, and leukocyte transendothelial migration pathways. In contrast, the comparison of gene transcription between control and subclinical cows identified pathways that were primarily involved in metabolism. The results from the comparison between clinical and subclinical animals indicate recruitment of neutrophils, up regulation of lysosomal peptidases, increase in immune cell transendothelial migration, and modifications of the extracelluar matrix. This study provides important insight into how cattle respond to a natural MAP infection at the gene transcription level within a key target tissue for infection.
The Livelihood Practice of the Contemporary World Political Parties and Its Inspiration

In modern times,the achievement of the political party's livelihood performance is considered to be an important factor in the long-term maintenance of its ruling status.Whether it be the Soviet proletarian party,or the bourgeois political parties,their livelihood practice all,without exception,left us a profound inspiration,i.e.to improve the livelihood of the people is to show the Party's advanced nature and the advantages of the social system;it is the lifeline of the ruling political party;political corruption is the cause of their losing power.Therefore,it is of reference values to our party's profound grasp of the law of the people's livelihood and the practice of people-centered scientific development concept.
Serologic Tests for Diagnosis and Post-Treatment Evaluation of Patients with Alveolar Hydatid Disease (Echinococcus Multilocularis)

Abstract The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) tests were used for diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of 17 patients with alveolar hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Follow-up periods ranged from 2 to 22 years. At the time of diagnosis 16 (94%) patients' sera gave IHA titers ≥ 1:128. Serum specimens from 13 patients were examined by IEP; nine (69%) revealed the arc 5, and three of the four arc 5-negative sera revealed one or more non-characterized bands. Titers declined markedly during the first year following radical surgical resection of the larval lesions; in three cases clinical evidence of recurrence was preceded by rising serologic titers. Antibody has persisted at high levels in nonresected patients treated continuously with high doses of mebendazole.
“Everywhere You Go, You See English!”: Elderly Women's Perspectives on Globalization and English

Drawing on in-depth interviews, this article discusses folk notions of globalization and examines perceptual and attitudinal responses offered by educationally underprivileged working-class female senior citizens, arguably the most neglected and marginalized social group in contemporary Korea. The present study stresses the importance of incorporating “vernacular data” (Garrett, 2010) into the discourse on globalization and sheds light on the everyday struggles sociolinguistically ill-equipped elderly women are faced with in an increasingly English-saturated and globalization-conscious Korea. The findings of the study indicate that their support for globalization has a nationalistic undertone, and the connection between English and globalization is unequivocally articulated. The participants in the study overstate the importance and predominance of the English language in Korean consumer culture and note that their inability to understand English is a major disability, limiting their independence, negativ...
Female Pelvis (Obstetrics/Gynecology)

Prior to the widespread utilization of ultrasound in the management of obstetric patients, there was little need for radiography in clinical obstetric care. The studies were limited primarily to radiographic pelvimetry and the more invasive procedure of aminography. Ultrasound currently occupies a very important role in the routine prenatal care of obstetric patients because of lack of ionizing radiation. The indications for obstetric ultrasound can be further subdivided into maternal and fetal indications.
Prevalence of Selected Food Consumption and Preparation Behaviors Associated with Increased Risks of Food-borne Disease.

Although not well quantified, a portion of food-borne illnesses results from voluntary behaviors that are entirely avoidable, such as eating raw foods of animal origin or engaging in unsafe food preparation practices. A telephone survey of 1,620 respondents was conducted to assess the prevalence of selected self-reported food consumption and preparation behaviors associated with increased risks of food-borne illness and the demographic characteristics related to such behaviors. The percentages of survey respondents who reported consuming raw foods of animal origin were 53%, raw eggs ; 23%, undercooked hamburgers; 17%, raw clams or oysters ; and 8%, raw sushi or ceviche. A fourth of the respondents said that after cutting raw meat or chicken, they use the cutting board again without cleaning it. Safer food consumption and preparation behaviors were consistently reported by persons who were female, were at least 40 years old, and had a high-school education or less. These findings suggest that risky food consumption and preparation behaviors are common in the United States and that educational campaigns aimed at changing these behaviors may need to be targeted to specific groups of persons.
Whole glove permeation of cyclohexanol through disposable nitrile gloves on a dextrous robot hand: Fist clenching vs. non-clenching

ABSTRACTThe differences in permeation parameters when a gloved dextrous robot hand clenched and did not were investigated with the dynamic permeation system described in the companion paper. Increased permeation through the gloves of the present study for cyclohexanol when the gloved hand clenched depended on glove thickness and porosity for cyclohexanol permeation. The Sterling glove, the thinnest and most porous, was the least protective. Hand clenching promoted more permeation for the Sterling glove in terms of breakthrough times, steady state permeation rate, and diffusion coefficient. The Safeskin glove showed increased permeation only for the steady state permeation rate but not breakthrough times or diffusion coefficient. The Blue and Purple gloves showed no differences when the hand was clenching or not. The correlational analysis supported differences between the clenching and non-clenching situations, and the risk assessment considered the worst and best scenarios relative to one and two hydrate...
Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Time-Dependent Problems: Survey and Recent Developments

In these lectures we give a general survey on discontinuous Galerkin methods for solving time-dependent partial differential equations. We also present a few recent developments on the design, analysis, and application of these discontinuous Galerkin methods.
Area-selective ALD of TiO2 nanolines with electron-beam lithography

We demonstrate a bottom-up approach to fabricate nanoline structures using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified substrates to selectively prevent nucleation during atomic layer deposition (ALD). Low-energy (≤5 kV) electron-beam lithography (EBL) was used to modify the hydrophobic functional groups (−CH3) of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) SAM to hydrophilic species (e.g., −COOH), which allows chemisorption of the titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and water to initiate titanium oxide (TiO2) nucleation. TiO2 thin films were selectively deposited on the OTS molecules which were properly functionalized or patterned. We systematically investigate the effects of e-beam dose and accelerating voltage on selective TiO2 deposition with nanoline patterns. The results indicate that the former parameter determines the resolution of individual line width, while the latter one is attributed to the minimum pitch dimension of dense line patterns achievable. Using the optimal e-beam parameters, i.e., accelerating voltages of ...
Suicide attempts and emotion regulation in psychiatric outpatients

Abstract Background Suicidal behavior has been associated with maladaptive strategies for emotion regulation; however, limited research has explored this association after controlling for diagnosis. This study aims to explore this connection across diagnoses. We hypothesized that patients who reported greater difficulty with emotion regulation would be more likely to have made suicide attempts. Method Participants included 1046 psychiatric outpatients. Diagnoses and information about suicide history were determined using semi-structured interviews. Patients also completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between emotion regulation difficulties and lifetime suicide attempts. Results Emotion regulation difficulties did not independently predict suicidal behavior. After controlling for the contribution of emotion dysregulation on lifetime suicide attempts, diagnoses of borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder were the only disorders independently associated with a history of suicidal behavior. Limitations The generalizability of our findings may be limited based on the sample's demographic characteristics and low base rate of suicide attempts. This study was cross-sectional in nature; therefore, the predictive capacity of either DERS scores or psychiatric diagnoses in terms of future suicidal behavior could not be determined. Conclusions The independent effect of emotion dysregulation on suicidal behavior was negated after controlling for psychiatric diagnosis. Individuals with certain disorders tend to make suicide attempts for reasons that are distinct from emotion dysregulation, whereas emotion dysregulation may be at the core of suicidality for individuals with other clinical presentations.
NEW-ONSET ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common comorbid conditions in critically ill patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Studies have suggested an association between new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. However, there are no meta-
Retinoic Acid Is Required for Neural Stem and Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Adult Hippocampus

Summary Neural stem and precursor cell (NSPC) proliferation in the rodent adult hippocampus is essential to maintain stem cell populations and produce new neurons. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is implicated in regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but its exact role in control of NSPC behavior has not been examined. We show RA signaling in all hippocampal NSPC subtypes and that inhibition of RA synthesis or signaling significantly decreases NSPC proliferation via abrogation of cell-cycle kinetics and cell-cycle regulators. RA signaling controls NSPC proliferation through hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF1α), where stabilization of HIF1α concurrent with disruption of RA signaling can prevent NSPC defects. These studies demonstrate a cell-autonomous role for RA signaling in hippocampal NSPCs that substantially broadens RA's function beyond its well-described role in neuronal differentiation.