cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The liberation of development

The liberation of development is the release of geographic research from the domination of the economic model. Much of human activity across the globe has been rendered marginal by the focus on economic growth as the only measure of development. Our inability to observe, record and analyze development that does not generate income has affected geographers' ability to contribute to the current discourse on the dichotomy between human progress and nature conservation. Economic development is only one of three forms of development: human, social and resource. It is dependent on the first two and must be considered a neutral factor in integrated development. The need for sustainable development requires a human-centered approach in development theory as one cannot be achieved without the other. Alternatives to the economic model have been motivated by political and or religious principal. This paper uses an umbrella term, One-World Development movement, to describe the many alternatives pursued globally. Three examples of the movement are explored: voluntary simplicity, alternative trading organizations and multiculturalism/liberation theology. Some of the most significant progress in social development worldwide during the last two decades have been impelled by the movement.
Central (post-retinal) visual impairment in the dog--a clinical-pathological study.

Three cases of central (post-retinal) visual impairment are reported in the dog, which are considered atypical due to the discrete neurological signs resulting from relatively specific central visual pathway pathology. In case 1 a squamous cell carcinoma was found compressing the optic nerves and chiasma. Case 2 had a focal granulomatous meningitis which compressed and infiltrated the lateral geniculate bodies. In case 3, widespread anaemic infarction was found in the cerebral cortex of the occipital lobes. The clinical-pathological correlations are discussed. It is concluded that ‘visual impairment’ may be a more appropriate term than ‘blindness’ to define visual disturbance in animals.
False Pulmonary Artery Catheter Measurements Due to the Scimitar (Hypogenetic Lung) Syndrome: Potential for Iatrogenic Pulmonary Edema

In an acute trauma patient with unrecognized scimitar syndrome, physiologic measurements used in patient management decisions were misleading due to the anatomic and physiologic anomalies of the syndrome. Pulmonary artery catheter measurements believed to reflect left atrial pressures were actually measuring central venous pressures because the catheter was terminating in the scimitar vein. These erroneous measurements led to overly aggressive fluid resuscitation and iatrogenic pulmonary edema. The pathologic features of scimitar syndrome are reviewed, and the mechanism for potential mismanagement of patient volume status created by aberrant pulmonary hemodynamics is discussed. (Chest 1993; 103:1895-97)
Emotion Detection via Discriminant Laplacian Embedding

Human emotion detection is of substantial importance in a variety of pervasive applications in assistive environments. Because facial expressions provide a key mechanism for understanding and conveying emotion, automatic emotion detection through facial expression recognition has attracted increased attention in both scientific research and practical applications in recent years. Traditional facial expression recognition methods normally use only one type of facial expression data, either static data extracted from one single face image or motion-dependent data obtained from dynamic face image sequences, but seldom employ both. This work proposes to place the emotion detection problem under the framework of Discriminant Laplacian Embedding (DLE) to integrate these two types of facial expression data in a shared subspace, such that the advantages of both of them are exploited. Due to the reinforcement between the two types of facial features, the new data representation is more discriminative and easier to classify. Encouraging experimental results in empirical studies demonstrate the practical usage of the proposed DLE method for emotion detection.
Submarine groundwater discharge in the Sarasota Bay system: Its assessment and implications for the nearshore coastal environment

222Rn and CH 4 geochemical tracers abstract A study was conducted from July 2002 through June 2006 in order to assess the significance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to Sarasota Bay (SB), Florida. The assessment approaches used in this study included manual seepage meters, geochemical tracers (radon, 222 Rn and methane, CH4), and subseafloor resistivity measurements. The estimated SGD advection rates in the SB system were found to range from 0.7 to 24.0 cm/day, except for some isolated hot spot occurrences where higher rates were observed. In general, SGD estimates were relatively higher (5.9-24.0 cm/day) in the middle and south regions of the bay compared to the north region (0.7-5.9 cm/day). Average dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations within the SB water column ranged: 0.1-11 mM (NO2þNO3), 0.1- 9.1 m M( NH 4) and 0.2-1.4 mM (PO4). The average N/P ratio was higher in the north compared to the middle and south regions of the bay. On average, we conservatively estimate that about 27% of the total N in the SB system was derived via SGD. The prevalence of shallow embayed areas in the SB system and the presence of numerous septic tanks in the surrounding settlements enhanced the potential effects of nutrient rich seepages. Statistical comparison of the quantitative approaches revealed a good agreement between SGD estimates from manual seepage meters and those derived from the 222 Rn
Encapsulation of Aspidogaster conchicola (Trematoda: Aspidogastrea) by unionid mussels

Of 334 mussel specimens representing 13 species, 143 individuals of seven species were found infected with Aspidogaster conchicola; encapsulation of worms was seen in six molluscan species. Encapsulated worms were most abundant anterior to the pericardium and were surrounded by inner fibroblastic and outer fibrocytic/fibrous walls, with occasional adjoining compressed host connective tissues. The inner wall contained acid mucins and phospholipids, while the outer wall contained reticulum fibers, neutral mucins, and phospholipids. Capsule structure was compared to the molluscan encapsulation classification system of T. C. Cheng and E. Rifkin (1970, Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub., No. 5, pp. 443–496) and to G. B. Pauley and C. D. Becker's (1968, J. Parasitol., 54, 917–920) account of A. conchicola encapsulation. Capsule contents included living or moribund adult worms, viable eggs or empty egg shells produced by disintegrated worms, juveniles hatched from eggs deposited by encapsulated adults, and host cells of which “brown cells” were most abundant. Because of the high frequency of encapsulated moribund worms observed in this study (more than 60%), we infer that this host reaction probably contributed to the parasite's death. Worm eggs individually encapsulated by hemocytes in hemal spaces also were observed. Life cycle implications of juvenile A. conchicola within digestive gland diverticula are discussed.
From Colony to Nation: women activists and the gendering of politics in Belize, 1912–1982

ANNE S. MACPHERSON Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2007 Pp. ix + 385, £30.00. ISBN‐10 080323242X, ISBN‐13 978‐0803232426 Anne MacPherson’s excellent book is a useful contribution ...
Ultrahigh-Resolution X-ray Tomography.

Ultrahigh-resolution three-dimensional images of a microscopic test object were made with soft x-rays collected with a scanning transmission x-ray microscope. The test object consisted of two different patterns of gold bars on silicon nitride windows that were separated by ∼5 micrometers. Depth resolution comparable to the transverse resolution was achieved by recording nine two-dimensional images of the object at angles between –50 and +55 degrees with respect to the beam axis. The projections were then combined tomographically to form a three-dimensional image by means of an algorithm using an algebraic reconstruction technique. A transverse resolution of ∼1000 angstroms was observed. Artifacts in the reconstruction limited the overall depth resolution to ∼6000 angstroms; however, some features were clearly reconstructed with a depth resolution of ∼1000 angstroms.
Lanthanide-based time-resolved fluorescence of in cyto ligand–receptor interactions

A lanthanide-based assay for ligand-receptor interactions provides an attractive alternative to the traditional radiolabeled determinations in terms of sensitivity, throughput, and biohazards. We designed and tested peptide ligands modified with an Eu-DTPA chelate. These labeled ligands were used in competitive binding assays with results comparable to those obtained using the traditional radiolabeled binding assays. The sensitivity of time-resolved fluorescence is sufficient to detect attomoles of europium, allowing assays in 96-well plates, compared with 30-mm dishes for (125)I binding assays to whole cells. We verified binding of Eu-DTPA-NDP-alpha-MSH to cells overexpressing the human melanocortin-4 receptor. The Eu-labeled ligand bound to these cells with an affinity similar to that of unlabeled NDP-alpha-MSH and was used to optimize a competitive binding assay. The lanthanide-based assays provided superior results with higher throughput and eliminated the need for radioactive waste disposal. This assay is appropriate for high-throughput screening of ligand libraries.
Negotiating Relational Boundaries in Adult-Adolescent Mentoring Relationships

This study explored communication processes between adult mentors and adolescent mentees as they negotiate their roles and enact a mentoring partnership. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with mentoring pairs (10 adolescents, 10 adults) in a community mentoring program. Findings indicated two key communication issues in these relationships: defining relational boundaries, and negotiating tension around freedom and control within the partnership. The study revealed that defining the relationship and establishing boundaries must occur not only within the mentoring dyad but also with the familial network of the mentees. Additionally, an important, ongoing tension in these relationships involved freedom and control as partners managed the intergenerational nature of the relationship, which made them “friends” but not equals. These findings indicate that in order to understand communication within adolescent mentoring relationships we need to consider the unique intergenerational nature of this relatio...
Supramolecular Pseudorotaxane Graft Copolymer from a Crown Ether Polyester and a Complementary Paraquat-Terminated Polystyrene Guest

The self-assembly of a polyester containing crown ether host repeat units and a paraquat-terminated polystyrene guest provides a supramolecular pseudorotaxane graft copolymer based on the bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10/paraquat recognition motif. NMR chemical shift changes in solution gave evidence of the complexation of the crown ether and paraquat moieties. Solutions of the two polymers at 1:1 host:guest stoichiometry (crown ether:paraquat), but only 3 mass % crown polymer, possessed an intrinsic viscosity 1.9 times that of the paraquat-terminated polystyrene and 2.7 times that of the polyester. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed only one glass transition for a solid from evaporation of a solution at 3:1 host:guest (crown ether:paraquat) stoichiometry; this indicated complete phase mixing, as confirmed by optical microscopy and small-angle laser light scattering.
Subcritical and Supercritical Nanodroplet Evaporation: A Molecular Dynamics Investigation

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the subcritical and supercritical evaporation of a Lennard-Jones (LJ) argon nanodroplet in its own vapor. Using a new technique to control both the ambient temperature and pressure, a range of conditions are considered to define a transition line between subcritical and supercritical evaporation. The evaporation is considered to be supercritical if the surface temperature of the droplet reaches the LJ argon critical temperature during its lifetime. Between ambient temperatures of 300 K and 800 K, the transition from subcritical to supercritical evaporation is observed to occur at an ambient pressure 1.4 times greater than the LJ argon critical pressure. For subcritical conditions, the droplet lifetimes obtained from the simulations are compared to independently predicted lifetimes from the D2 law.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The roles of stimuli from young, previous breeding experience, and prolactin in regulating parental behavior in ring doves (Streptopelia risoria).

In addition to stimulating crop "milk" formation in ring doves, prolactin (PRL) may promote the parental regurgitation behavior that transfers this "milk" to the young at the time of hatching. Although earlier studies suggest that previous breeding experience is an important modulator of PRL-induced parental regurgitation behavior in ring doves, the ways in which experience, hormones, and stimuli from young interact to promote parental behavior have not been well characterized in this species. In the first study, untreated, nonbreeding female doves with and without previous breeding experience were given 10 daily parental behavior tests (2 h/day) with a hungry 5- to 10-day-old foster squab. Experienced females exhibited a higher incidence of regurgitation behavior, defensive behavior, and crouching or sitting in the nest than did inexperienced females. In a second study, nonbreeding females were given 10 daily tests for parental behavior while they received sc injections of ovine PRL or vehicle. Prolactin reduced squab-directed aggression and increased the incidence of regurgitation feeding behavior of foster squabs in both experienced and inexperienced females. However, the average number of regurgitation feeding acts displayed by those PRL-treated females that showed the behavior was over eight times higher in experienced females than in inexperienced females. Previous experience also enhanced the stimulatory effects of PRL on defensive behavior and crouching or sitting in the nest. The parental behavior exhibited by nonbreeding, PRL-treated experienced females was qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that observed in normally breeding females during a single test with their own hungry 5- to 10-day-old squabs. These findings indicate that PRL and previous breeding experience both enhance the parental responsiveness of nonbreeding female doves and that under optimal hormonal, experiential, and squab exposure conditions, nonbreeding doves exhibit levels of parental activity that rival those of normally breeding parents.
'Brain-specific' benzodiazepine receptors are localized in the inner plexiform layer of rat retina.

Abstract Saturable, high affinity binding sites of [ 3 H]diazepam have recently been characterized in rat brain. A significant component of this binding was determined to occur to a population of receptors which is pharmacologically similar to receptors present in mammalian brain and spinal cord. Neonatal treatment of rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG), intraocular administration of kainic acid, and the use of pink-eyed, tan-hooded (PETH) rats with a genetic retinopathy (degeneration of photoreceptor cells) suggests that these ‘brain-type’ receptors are highly localized on neuronal elements of the inner plexiform layer and/or ganglion cells.
Increased protein kinase C and isozyme redistribution in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy in the rat.

Protein kinase C (PKC) activity and isozyme distribution were evaluated during development of pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Three-week-old rats were loosely banded on the ascending aorta (left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH] group). Two weeks later, when left ventricular mass was 50% greater than in the sham-operated control group and cardiac mass was still rapidly increasing beyond that of normal growth, PKC activity and [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) binding capacity were determined. In LVH, PKC activity was 119 +/- 14%, 158 +/- 17%, and 152 +/- 9% of the control value in cytosol, membrane, and nuclear-cytoskeletal fractions, respectively (n = 9 or 10). [3H]PDBu binding assay revealed increased PKC concentration in LVH cytosolic (control, 0.51 +/- 0.06 pmol/L per milligram; LVH, 0.78 +/- 0.09 pmol/L per milligram; n = 5; P < .05) and membrane fractions (control, 1.33 +/- 0.15; LVH, 2.32 +/- 0.39; n = 5; P < .05). Scatchard analysis indicated no difference in Kd values between control and LVH groups. Immunoblot analysis using PKC isoform-specific antibodies showed that both Ca(2+)-dependent (alpha and beta) and Ca(2+)-independent (delta, epsilon, and zeta) isoforms were present in the left ventricle. Compared with the control value, there was increased concentration in the membrane and nuclear-cytoskeletal fractions for beta 1,2 and epsilon and in the cytosol for beta 1,2. PKC-delta could be detected only in the nuclear-cytoskeletal fraction and was not changed in LVH. PKC-alpha and -zeta were present in all three fractions but were not altered in LVH. These data indicate that PKC activity and concentration increase during development of LVH induced by pressure overload. The increased PKC isozymes were mainly limited to PKC-beta 1,2 and PKC-epsilon, and the increase was present mainly in the membrane and nuclear-cytoskeletal fractions.
Exploring Otherness through Pepe Danquart's Schwarzfahrer: A Lesson in Cultural Sensitivity

Culture has not always played a major role in foreign language instruction. Indeed, it was only in the 1980s that educators began giving serious thought to employing culture for language learning purposes. Exploring issues of otherness in Pepe Danquart's film Schwarzfahrer, this article illustrates how one can address the more controversial aspects of a culture in a manner that promotes cultural sensitivity at the same time that it prompts students to gain a greater knowledge of other cultures and acquire more insight into their own cultures.
Response probabilities in a verbal discrimination task with probabilistic reinforcement

Forty Ss received 160 presentations of each of four word-pairs in a variation of the noncontingent binary-choice probability learning paradigm. Successive presentations of any given word-pair were separated by the interpolated presentations of other word-pairs. For each pair, one of the words was designated as correct on a randomly-chosen 70% of the presentations while the other word was correct on the remaining 30% of the presentations. Inspection of asymptotic response probabilities, which approximated the reinforcement probabilities, and first-order conditional probabilities indicated that this method of stimulus presentation may provide a less ambiguous test of the assumptions of certain mathematical models than is afforded by the standard probability learning paradigm.
Elektromikroskopische Untersuchungen Über Den Erreger Der Infektiösen Bauchwassersucht Der Karpfen-Bakterium Order Virus?

Abstract by Sophie Roegner-Aust, Gertrud Brunner, and Ruth Jaxtheimer Allgemeine Fischerei-Zeitung 75 (17):420–422. 1950.
Enhanced gene delivery using disulfide-crosslinked low molecular weight polyethylenimine with listeriolysin o-polyethylenimine disulfide conjugate

One of the most important requirements for non-viral gene delivery systems is the ability to mediate high levels of gene expression with low toxicity. After the DNA/vector complexes are taken up by cells through endocytosis, DNA is typically contained within the endocytic compartments and rapidly degraded due to the low pH and hydrolytic enzymes within endosomes and lysosomes, limiting its accessibility to the cytosol and ultimately to the nucleus. In this study, the endosomolytic protein listeriolysin O (LLO) from the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes was conjugated with polyethylenimine (PEI) of average molecular weight 25 kDa (PEI25) via a reversible disulfide bond (LLO-s-s-PEI), and incorporated into plasmid DNA condensed with disulfide-crosslinked low molecular weight PEI 1.8 kDa (PEI1.8). We have investigated and demonstrated that high gene transfection efficiency, which is comparable to that by the most commonly used PEI25, can be achieved by reversibly crosslinking low molecular weight PEI (PEI1.8) using disulfide bonds, with greatly reduced cytotoxicity of the PEI. The reversible incorporation of LLO into the DNA condensates of PEI, through the use of the synthesized LLO-s-s-PEI conjugate, further enhances the transfection efficiency beyond that of DNA condensates with disulfide-crosslinked PEI1.8 alone.
An investigation of the relationship between safety climate and medication errors as well as other nurse and patient outcomes.

Safety climate has been shown to be associated with a number of important organizational outcomes. In this study, we take a broad view of safety climate—one that includes not only the development and adherence to safety protocols, but also open and constructive responses to errors—and investigate correlates within the health care industry. Drawing on a random, national sample of hospitals, the results revealed that safety climate predicted medication errors, nurse back injuries, urinary tract infections, patient satisfaction, patient perceptions of nurse responsiveness, and nurse satisfaction. As hypothesized, the relationship between safety climate and both medication errors and back injuries was moderated by the complexity of the patient conditions on the unit. Specifically, the effect of the overall safety climate of the unit was accentuated when dealing with more complex patient conditions.
Quantum Chemistry: Molecular Dynamics Study of the Dark-Adaptation Process in Bacteriorhodopsin

Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemistry calculations have been combined to describe the dark adaptation in bacteriorhodopsin (bR). The process involves the reversible thermally activat...
Enabling dark energy survey science analysis with simulations on XSEDE resources

Upcoming wide-area sky surveys offer the power to test the source of cosmic acceleration by placing extremely precise constraints on existing cosmological model parameters. These observational surveys will employ multiple tests based on statistical signatures of galaxies and larger-scale structures such as clusters of galaxies. Simulations of large-scale structure provide the means to maximize the power of sky survey tests by characterizing key sources of systematic uncertainties. We describe an XSEDE program to produce multiple synthetic sky surveys of galaxies and large-scale cosmic structure in support of science analysis for the Dark Energy Survey. We explain our Airavata-enabled methods and report extensions to our workflow processing over the last year. We highlight science analysis focused on counts of clusters of galaxies.
A death due to ethchlorvynol abuse. A case report.

Abstract A fatal case of ethchlorvynol abuse is reported with blood and tissue determinations.
Variation in adenylate energy charge and phosphoadenylate pool size in estuarine organisms after an oil spill.

Adenylate energy charge (AEC) is the proportion of the total phosphoadenylate pool charged with high-energy bonds. AEC values vary between zero and one by definition. Since AEC can be measured in any organism, decreases might be a universal measure of sublethal environmental stress. In some organisms which maintain high AEC while withstanding natural or anthropogenic stress, the absolute concentration of ATP and the total phosphoadenylate pool (TPP) decrease proportionally. However, in certain organisms the TPP shows dramatic natural fluctuations unrelated to pollution or stress. On 28 June 1983, a tanker spilled approximately 42,000 gallons of number6 diesel oil in the Cape Fear River, North Carolina, USA. Oil covered the tidal marshes on the east side of the river and provided an opportunity to determine if either the AEC or TPP in a variety of organisms would respond to this stress. Five test species were examined as long as one year after the spill. AEC and TPP values of the organisms were compared between contaminated and uncontaminated sites at all seasons. This is the first investigation to monitor AEC in a number of taxonomically distinct estuarine species during an extended period after an oil spill.
Use of Z-pinch sources for high-pressure equation-of-state studies

In this paper, we describe a new technique for using a pulsed power source (Z pinch) to produce planar shock waves for high-pressure equation of state (EOS) studies. Initial EOS experiments indicate that these sources are effective for shock wave studies in samples with diameters of a few millimeters and thicknesses of a fraction of one millimeter, and thus provide the possibility for achieving accuracy in shock and particle velocity measurements of a few percent. We have used the Z pinch source to produce the first in-situ time-resolve particle velocity profiles obtained with pulsed radiation sources in the Mbar regime. Particle velocity profiles obtained with a VISAR interferometer are compared with 1-D numerical simulations performed with a radiation-hydrodynamics code, ALEGRA. Good agreement with experimental results was achieved in the simulations and suggests that the Z pinch source should be a valuable tool for high-pressure EOS studies in thermodynamic regimes important to hypervelocity impact.
Mechanisms Controlling the Interannual Variation of Mixed Layer Temperature Averaged over the Niño-3 Region

Abstract Processes controlling the interannual variation of mixed layer temperature (MLT) averaged over the Nino-3 domain (5°N–5°S, 150°–90°W) are studied using an ocean data assimilation product that covers the period of 1993–2003. The overall balance is such that surface heat flux opposes the MLT change but horizontal advection and subsurface processes assist the change. Advective tendencies are estimated here as the temperature fluxes through the domain’s boundaries, with the boundary temperature referenced to the domain-averaged temperature to remove the dependence on temperature scale. This allows the authors to characterize external advective processes that warm or cool the water within the domain as a whole. The zonal advective tendency is caused primarily by large-scale advection of warm-pool water through the western boundary of the domain. The meridional advective tendency is contributed to mostly by Ekman current advecting large-scale temperature anomalies through the southern boundary of the d...
Hydrodenitrogenation-selective catalysts I. Fe promoted Mo/W sulfides

This paper describes the development of a new catalyst system which gives an unusual combination of high hydrodenitrogenation and low hydrodesulfurization. This has been observed in tests with a highly aromatic distillate feed. The catalyst is an unsupported iron-promoted molybdenum or tungsten sulfide formed from thermal decomposition of bis(diethylenetriamine) iron thiomolybdate or thiotungstate. The results from a brief accelerated aging experiment have shown that this bulk sulfide system is thermally stable. Characterization of the Fe-Mo catalyst has indicated that it consists of a single sulfide phase which during activity testing partially transforms into an iron sulfide mixed with an MoS[sub 2]-like phase. 30 refs., 8 figs., 6 tabs.
College/ University Program Variables and Their Relationship to the Job Satisfaction of Special Education Teacher Educators

A national survey was conducted to investigate relationships between various job-related variables and job satisfaction among special education teacher educators. Five discrete job satisfaction factors were found and used for multi-variate, univariate, and post-hoc analyses. Results of the study indicated that faculty from larger institutions, programs offering advanced degrees, noncategorical programs, and urban or suburban areas were more satisfied with their job-related circumstances than those from institutions with a smaller student population, rural areas, and programs offering only Bachelor's degrees. One factor, Financial Conditions, was a majorjob satisfaction variable when compared with other program variables.
Effects of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms on Development of Nicotine Dependence from Mid Adolescence to Young Adulthood

Objective The relationship of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and smoking is well documented. However, it is unclear whether ADHD symptoms relate to nicotine dependence (ND) symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood. We sought to assess the relationship of ADHD Hyperactivity–Impulsivity (H/I) and Inattention (I) symptoms with ND symptoms in a community sample from adolescence to young adulthood (ages 18–21). Methods Participants were adolescents (n ¼672) smoking at least one whole cigarette in their lifetime. Participants are members of a prospective cohort study (ages 14–22) evaluating the bio-behavioral predictors of smoking. Data were analyzed with a two-piece latent growth curve model. Results ADHD-I symptoms were associated with ND symptoms acceleration in adolescence, but slowing acceleration in young adulthood, whereas ADHD-H/I symptoms were associated with ND symptoms acceleration in young adulthood. Conclusions The results suggest the relationship of ADHD and ND symptoms may differ by symptom type, and the developmental period assessed.
Podoplanin: A Novel Marker for Oral Cancer Risk in Patients With Oral Premalignancy

Purpose Oral leukoplakia (OPL) is a heterogeneous oral lesion with an increased oral cancer risk. Current clinical parameters cannot predict the potential of malignant transformation in patients with OPL. We have shown that podoplanin, a lymphatic endothelial marker, is highly expressed in oral cancer and some oral premalignancies. The purpose of this study is to determine a role of podoplanin in predicting oral cancer development in patients with OPL. Patients and Methods Podoplanin expression was determined in 150 OPL patients with long-term follow-up using immunohistochemistry. Association between the protein expression patterns and clinicopathologic parameters including oral cancer development during the follow-up were analyzed. Results Fifty-six (37%) of the 150 OPL patients exhibited podoplanin expression in the basal and suprabasal layers and were classified as podoplanin positive. Podoplanin positivity was more frequent in older patients (P = .016), females (P = .020), and dysplastic lesions (P = ...
Sialic acid content of tissue specific gp96 and its potential role in modulating gp96-macrophage interactions

Cancer-derived heat shock protein gp96 induces a tumor-specific protective immune response primarily mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) directed toward cancer-associated peptides associated with gp96. Both innate and adaptive immune responses have been demonstrated using a cell culture-based signaling mechanism. When used as an extraneous vaccine, one critical interaction which must occur for an immune response to be generated is the interaction between gp96 and the antigen presenting cell (APC) surface receptors (CD91, SR-A, TLR-2, and TLR-4). Our previous study concluded that gp96 purified from various rat and human prostate cancers is differentially glycosylated based on the amino and neutral monosaccharide content, and it was postulated that the monosaccharides may play a role in its biological activity. In this report, we report differences in the cancer-specific sialic acid content of gp96 purified from normal rat prostate compared to two rat prostate cancers, MAT-LyLu and Dunning G, as well as between two human prostate cancer cells, LnCaP and DU145. We also examined the modulatory effect of sialic acid residues on the binding of gp96 to APCs and its subsequent activation. Our results supported the contention that significant differences in the sialic acid content exist between Dunning G, MAT-LyLu, and normal rat prostate gp96, which affected its binding and biochemical activity to APCs. We therefore postulate that varied glycans of HPS96, a hitherto neglected structural component, may play a pivotal role in its anticancer activity. We suggest that construction of the glycan tree is a key to identification of the necessary and sufficient elements in the structure-function activity of HSP96.
A Novel Colocated Cross-Polarized Two-Loop PCB Antenna in the ISM 2.4-GHz Band

This letter outlines the design of a colocated cross-polarized two-loop antenna for the ISM 2.4-GHz band. This antenna may be of interest to radar applications in the problem of finding the direction of arrival of a signal and in wireless applications that exploit polarization diversity. This antenna is an initial result toward the design of an electromagnetic vector sensor.
Simultaneous Testing of Noninferiority and Superiority Increases the False Discovery Rate

It is well recognized that multiplicity adjustment is not necessary in simultaneous testing for noninferiority and superiority. However, Ng (2003) argued that there will be more experimental treatments that are expected to have the same effect as the active control tested for superiority in simultaneous testing than would occur if only one null hypothesis is tested, thereby increasing erroneous claims of superiority. This leads to an increase in the false discovery rate for superiority.
Streptococcus bovis Infection of the Central Nervous System: Report of Two Cases and Review

Streptococcus bovis is an uncommon cause of meningitis and subdural empyema. We report one case each of meningitis and subdural empyema in which S. bovis biotype II was isolated from both the spinal fluid and blood. In one case, the organisms were seen on a gram-stained preparation of cerebrospinal fluid. The first patient presented with gastrointestinal symptoms of unknown etiology, was immunosuppressed, and recovered. The second patient presented with syncope, developed a subdural empyema, and died; at autopsy, a colonic adenoma was found. A review of the English-language literature revealed only 14 previously reported cases of meningitis due to S. bovis and no cases of subdural empyema due to S. bovis. These cases indicate the importance of complete laboratory identification of specific organisms and confirm the need for a thorough neurological examination and search for underlying gastrointestinal disease in cases of S. bovis infection.
A Lateral-shift-free LVD Microlens Scanner for Confocal Microscopy

We report a lateral-shift-free (LSF) large-vertical-displacement (LVD) microlens scanner for tunable focusing applications such as confocal microscopy. A polymer microlens is integrated into a lens holder actuated by a LSF-LVD microactuator. The focal plane of the microlens can be vertically displaced 0.7 mm at only 7.5 V. The observed maximum lateral shift and tilt of the microlens during the entire vertical actuation are only about 13 mum and 0.74deg respectively. The resonance frequency of the vertical motion mode is 488 Hz.
Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase is required for thrombospondin and tenascin mediated focal adhesion disassembly

Focal adhesions are specialized regions of cell membranes that are foci for the transmission of signals between the outside and the inside of the cell. Intracellular signaling events are important in the organization and stability of these structures. In previous work, we showed that the counter-adhesive extracellular matrix proteins, thrombospondin, tenascin, and SPARC, induce the disassembly of focal adhesion plaques and we identified the active regions of these proteins. In order to determine the mechanisms whereby the anti-adhesive matrix proteins modulate cytoskeletal organization and focal adhesion integrity, we examined the role of protein kinases in mediating the loss of focal adhesions by these proteins. Data from these studies show that cGMP-dependent protein kinase is necessary to mediate focal adhesion disassembly triggered by either thrombospondin or tenascin, but not by SPARC. In experiments using various protein kinase inhibitors, we observed that selective inhibitors of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase, KT5823 and Rp-8-Br-cGMPS, blocked the effects of both the active sequence of thrombospondin 1 (hep I) and the alternatively-spliced segment (TNfnA-D) of tenascin-C on focal adhesion disassembly. Moreover, early passage rat aortic smooth muscle cells which have high levels of cGMP-dependent protein kinase were sensitive to hep I treatment, in contrast to passaged cGMP-dependent protein kinase deficient cells which were refractory to hep I or TNfnA-D treatment, but were sensitive to SPARC. Transfection of passaged smooth muscle cells with the catalytic domain of PKG I alpha restored responsiveness to hep I and TNfnA-D. While these studies show that cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity is necessary for thrombospondin and tenascin-mediated focal adhesion disassembly, kinase activity alone is not sufficient to induce disassembly as transfection of the catalytic domain of the kinase in the absence of additional stimuli does not result in loss of focal adhesions.
THE EFFECT OF LEAF ORIENTATION TO SUNLIGHT ON STOMATAL PARAMETERS OF QUERCUS RUBRA AROUND THE BELGRADE LAKES, CENTRAL MAINE

Stomatal frequencies of fossil-plant species are used to estimate past pCO2 levels based on the physiological functions of living taxa. There is a demonstrable inverse relationship between increasing pCO2 and stomatal frequency parameters, in which there is a decrease in both stomatal density (SD) and stomatal index (SI). Concentration of CO2 is not the only factor known to affect SD and SI values, which are a product of leaf development and expansion, as studies have shown a positive correlation between SD and light intensity. The present study tests the hypothesis that SD and SI are not influenced by a leaf’s physical orientation relative to the sun during the growing season. Sun leaves of northern red oak, Quercus rubra, were collected from trees around the margins of six lakes of the Belgrade Lakes Region, central Maine, United States, in 2007. Lakes in NE–SW, NW–SE, and E–W orientations allowed for sampling of trees exposed to varying light intensities throughout the growing-season day. The SD and SI of each tree were calculated, and statistical comparisons were made between populations exposed to predominant morning or afternoon light intensities for each lake and between populations on lakes of differing orientations. There is no statistically significant difference in either SD or SI between populations growing under different orientations to growing-season sunlight. These data indicate that exposure to various sunlight regimes on opposite sides of a lake does not play a role in the stomatal response as reflected in SD and SI of plants during a single growing season.
Epidemiology of Stress Fracture Injuries Among US High School Athletes, 2005-2006 Through 2012-2013:

Background:High school athletes in the United States sustain millions of injuries annually, approximately 10% of which are fractures. However, there is no clear estimate of the number of stress fractures sustained by high school athletes annually despite reports that stress fractures account for 0.7% to 20% of injuries seen in sports medicine clinics. This suggests a high utilization of resources for a potentially preventable injury. In addition, stress fractures have been associated with low energy availability and disordered eating in young athletes, highlighting the importance of early recognition and intervention.Purpose:To investigate stress fracture rates and patterns in a large national sample of US high school athletes.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiologic study.Methods:Data from High School RIO (Reporting Information Online), a national sports injury surveillance study, were analyzed to describe rates and patterns of stress fracture injury sustained from 2005-2006 through 2012-2013, across sport...
Proximate developmental mediators of sexual dimorphism in size: case studies from squamate reptiles.

Synopsis Sexual dimorphism in size (sexual size dimorphism; SSD) is nearly ubiquitous, but the relative importance of genetic versus environmental control of SSD is not known for most species. We investigated proximate determinants of SSD in several species of squamate reptiles, including three species of Sceloporus lizards and the diamond-backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). In natural populations of these species, SSD is caused by sexual differences in age-specific growth. Males and females, however, may often share similar potentials for growth: growth is strongly responsive to the availability of food, and sexual differences in growth can be greatly suppressed or completely absent under common environmental conditions in the laboratory. Sexually divergent growth is expressed in natural environments because of inherent ecological differences between males and females and because of potential epigenetic effects of sex-specific growth regulators. In field-active Sceloporus, sexual differences in growth rate are associated with sexual divergence in plasma testosterone. Experiments confirm that testosterone inhibits growth in species in which females are larger (for example, S. undulatus and S. virgatus) and stimulates growth in those in which males are larger (for example, S. jarrovii). Interestingly, however, sexual divergence in plasma testosterone is not accompanied by divergence in growth in S. jarrovii or in male-larger C. atrox in the laboratory. Furthermore, experimental effects of castration and testosterone replacement on growth are not evident in captive S. jarrovii, possibly because growth effects of testosterone are superseded by an abundant, high-quality diet. In female-larger S. undulatus, growth may be traded-off against testosterone-induced reproductive costs of activity. In male-larger species, costs of reproduction in terms of growth are suggested by supplemental feeding of reproductive female C. atrox in their natural environment and by experimental manipulation of reproductive cost in female S. jarrovii. Growth costs of reproduction, however, do not contribute substantially to the development of SSD in male-larger S. jarrovii. We conclude that the energetic costs of testosteroneinduced, male reproductive behavior may contribute substantially to the development of SSD in some female-larger species. However, despite strong evidence that reproductive investment exacts a substantial cost in growth, we do not support the reproductive cost hypothesis as a general explanation of SSD in male-larger species.
On Identifying Critical Nuggets of Information during Classification Tasks

In large databases, there may exist critical nuggets-small collections of records or instances that contain domain-specific important information. This information can be used for future decision making such as labeling of critical, unlabeled data records and improving classification results by reducing false positive and false negative errors. This work introduces the idea of critical nuggets, proposes an innovative domain-independent method to measure criticality, suggests a heuristic to reduce the search space for finding critical nuggets, and isolates and validates critical nuggets from some real-world data sets. It seems that only a few subsets may qualify to be critical nuggets, underlying the importance of finding them. The proposed methodology can detect them. This work also identifies certain properties of critical nuggets and provides experimental validation of the properties. Experimental results also helped validate that critical nuggets can assist in improving classification accuracies in real-world data sets.
Alternative Model Selection Using Forecast Error Variance Decompositions in Wholesale Chicken Markets

Although Vector Autoregressive models are commonly used to forecast prices, specification of these models remains an issue. Questions that arise include choice of variables and lag length. This article examines the use of Forecast Error Variance Decompositions to guide the econometrician’s model specification. Forecasting performance of Variance Autoregressive models, generated from Forecast Error Variance Decompositions, is analyzed within wholesale chicken markets. Results show that the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition approach has the potential to provide superior model selections to traditional Granger Causality tests.
Novel copper macrocyclic leaflet with N-phosphonomethyl-monoaza-18-crown-6

A novel 1D copper macrocyclic leaflet chain has been synthesized hydrothermally and its crystal structure determined.
Annie M. Alexander : Extraordinary patron

Annie M. Alexander crea le musee d'histoire naturelle, de paleontologie et de zoologie des vertebres sur le campus de Berkeley en Californie au XIX e siecle
The Reality of Vulnerable Plaque Detection

It is proposed that the initial step in the process leading directly to coronary thrombosis is the development, with advancing age, of what can be termed a “vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque.” —Muller et al. ([1][1]) Coronary atherothrombosis is the leading single cause of death in the
Mapuche mnemonics: Beyond modernity’s violence:

The recent, spectacularly massive student marches in Chile have in some ways occluded Andean regional responses to extractive neoliberalism over the last 40 years. If we consider native subjectivity and the longer periodization of colonialism, then a different conceptualization and analysis of memory and subjugation emerge to complicate the field of memory and cultural studies. In this article, I analyze modern state violence through the “reducciones” period and post-1990 movement of “democratic transition” as two instances of acute racial capitalism and formulations of resistance by Mapuche peoples. Here, I wish to address what genealogy of cultural studies makes sense for understanding the long arc of colonial memory and paradigms of indigenous resistance. As such, my article tries to theoretically address possible future directions of memory studies in the Americas.
The critical margin: population and development on the coastal margin - impacts and alternatives

Human population impacts are not spread evenly across the landscape. Globally, ∼37% of the human population lives within 100 kilometers (∼62 miles) of a coast or shore; over half of the world's population lives within 200 kilometers. Average population density on the coast is double that of the much larger interior, and taking into account the vast stretches of uninhabited Arctic and Antarctic coasts, realized population density is many multiples of that in much of the world. Both overall population growth and migration are accelerating the process to the point that the 3 billion people that live in proximity to the coast could double to 6 billion in less than 25 years. The impacts on coasts and coastal ecosystems are generally negative with degradation of biological systems, increases in levels of pollution and shoreline loss, and reduction in the level of food production in the coastal zone and near shore seas but a few of the more visible losses. Despite the obvious consequences, relatively little is being done to manage these impacts. Coastal Zone and Integrated Coastal Management, where they have been tried, have had some effect, but it may be too little, too late. As climate change alters both coastal weather patterns and perhaps even ocean currents, greater and greater numbers of people are putting themselves in harms way. This paper will examine some of the larger trends in coastal population dynamics, demonstrated and potential impacts on coastal resources and what can and should be done in the medium and long term to protect both human lives and property and the fragile coasts themselves. Special attention will be paid to the experience of the American Gulf Coast in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.