cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restructuring Istanbul: Historical City, Modern ‘Profitpolis’, and Byzantine Risk Management Financial Infrastructure

Turkey’s risks and uncertainties are amplified when foreign investors calculate that Istanbul is located very near the North Anatolian Fault Zone that runs within less than a mile from the city through the Sea of Marmara. The discussion is then recalibrated to concerns regarding public expectations of government in preparedness, and recovery in times of natural disaster. In particular, central bank’s response to financial disaster, compared to actual government and private sector preparedness, as well as effective capabilities to protect returns on investments, and human capital — human lives. Istanbul’s financial preparedness, and recovery are being discussed in boardrooms, in government committees, and in the proverbial streets of Taksim Square. Foreign investors are aggressively pursuing returns on their investments while the Turkish Government, and the World Bank have begun to focus on fiscal policies that will guide Turkey’s trade driven economy through inevitable natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods as well as domestic, and man made disasters such as banking uncertainties, risks and financial disasters. The Turkish Government has issued fiscal policies and rules, which are anticipated to decrease public debt, attract foreign direct investments, and increase the global competitiveness of Turkey’s banking sector. However, one area is particularly weak with regard to Turkey’s financial viability — Turkey’s risk management financial infrastructure especially in the context of disaster preparedness and recovery.
INCOLOY 908, a low coefficient

INCOLOY 908 is a low coefficient of thermal expansion (COE) iron-nickel base superalloy that was developed jointly by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the International Nickel Company for cryogenic service. The alloy is stable against phase transformation during prolonged thermal treatments and has a COE compatible with that of Nb3Sn. These properties make the material ideal for use as a structural component in superconducting magnets using Nb3Sn. The evolution of microstructure has been studied as a function of time at temperature over the temperature range of 650 °C to 900 °C for times between 50 and 200 hours. A detailed analysis of precipitated phases has been conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and analytical scanning and scanning transmission electron mi- croscopy (STEM) techniques. The primary strengthening phase has been found to be γ′, Ni3(Al, Ti). INCOLOY 908 is stable against overaging, which is defined as the transformation of γ′ to η, Ni3Ti, for times to 100 hours at temperatures up to 750 °C. Upon overaging, the strengthening phase transforms to η. A new phase,H x , has been identified and characterized.
Functional MR of brain activity and perfusion in patients with chronic cortical stroke.

PURPOSE (1) To determine whether functional MR can reliably map functional deficits in patients with stroke in the primary visual cortex; (2) to determine whether functional MR can reliably map perfusion deficits; and (3) to determine whether functional MR can give any additional diagnostic information beyond conventional MR. METHODS Seven patients who had had a stroke in their primary visual system were examined using two functional MR techniques: (1) dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging, and (2) cortical activation mapping during full-field visual stimulation. Maps of relative cerebral blood volume and activation were created and compared with visual field examinations and conventional T2-weighted images on a quadrant-by-quadrant basis in five of these patients. RESULTS Visual field mapping matched with both T2-weighted conventional images and activation mapping of 16 of 18 quadrants. In two quadrants, the activation maps detected abnormalities that were present on the visual field examination but not present on the T2-weighted images nor on the relative cerebral blood volume maps, which may indicate abnormal function without frank infarction. In addition, the activation maps demonstrated decreased activation in extrastriate cortex and had normal T2 signal and relative cerebral blood volume but was adjacent to infarcted primary cortex, mapping in vivo how stroke in one location can affect the function of distant tissue. CONCLUSION Functional MR techniques can accurately map functional and perfusion deficits and thereby provide additional clinically useful information. Additional studies will be needed to determine the prognostic utility of functional MR in stroke patients.
Irving Babbit: His Indology and Its Impact on Chinese Scholars

Drawing upon sources in the papers in memory of Irving Babbitt written by his teachers, friends, and students, plus some sources from diaries of several modern Chinese intellectuals, this paper discusses Babbitt's experience in learning Buddhism with Charles Lanman and Sylvain Levi in early twentieth century and its relationship with modern Chinese Buddhology. In analyzing Babbitt's paper titled “Buddhist and the Occident,” this paper argues that Babbitt's Indology and Buddhology focus on Buddhist philosophy and value system, due to his concern that Buddhist values could contribute the West in terms of new Humanism. This paper also traces the intellectual connection between Babbitt and several modern Chinese Buddhologists such like CHEN Yin-ke, TANG Yong-tong and reveals that these scholars benefited from their conversations with Babbitt. Especially, Babbitt inspires the Buddhologist interest of WU Mi, one of Babbitt's preeminent followers in China.
Gene dosage in mice--BAC to the future.

Despite remarkable strides in the human genome project, the task of understanding the function of each gene remains formidable. So, there is an urgent need for methodologies that illuminate gene function in mammals. One such tool is described on page 327 of this issue by Xiangdong Yang and colleagues1. They use bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) to 'dose' Zipro1, which encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor (known as RU49), in mice. In so doing, they discover that Zipro1 regulates cell growthincreasing dosage resulted in a sixfold elevation in expression, which, in turn, enhanced cell proliferation in the cerebellum and skin. In contrast, no distinctive phenotype was obtained by a loss-of-function approach.
CYTOCHALASIN INHIBITION OF SLOW TENSION INCREASE IN RAT AORTIC RINGS

We separated the K(+)-induced contraction of rat aortic rings into its initial (fast) and secondary (slow) components. It was found that temperature sensitivity, K+ depolarization, and Ca2+ dependency could each be utilized to differentiate between these two components of the contractile response. Increasing the passive tension preload of the tissue increased the fast response but had no significant effect on the secondary slow rise in tension. Cytochalasins, which inhibit actin polymerization, reversibly inhibited tension development by rat aortic rings with the effect selectively confined to the slow component of the K(+)-induced contraction. In a similar fashion, cytochalasin was shown to attenuate the slow tension increase caused by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Finally, it was found that low concentrations of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine (8 x 10(-9) M) selectively attenuated the slow component of the K(+)-induced contraction. The results suggest that distinctly different mechanisms regulate the initial fast and secondary slow contractile responses induced by elevation of extracellular K+. Both mechanisms are voltage sensitive and use extracellular Ca2+. The fast but not the slow component was altered by changing the passive tension preload in a fashion consistent with a sliding filament mechanism of force development. The specific nature of the slow component is not certain but may involve low-level PKC activity and require the integrity and capability for remodeling of a specific portion of the actin-containing cytoskeleton.
East Bay Area Benchmark Study

This report is a benchmarking studying for the Sandia Create Project provided by Cornerstone Project Management, Inc.
Su1666 Clinical Outcomes for Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Duodenum and Ampulla of Vater: A Population-Based Study

Background Previous case series report that neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the ampulla of Vater have worse overall survival (OS) than NETs in the duodenum. We aimed to compare the OS of patients with ampullary NETs to patients with duodenal NETs.
Survey Toward a Smart Campus Using the Internet of Things

IoT with its ability to make objects be sensed and connected is inevitable in the smart campus market. Even though the smart campus market has not taken off yet, there is an enormous research that is going on now all over the world to explore such technology. Several factors are driving investigators to study smart campus including: deliver high quality services, protect the environment, and save cost. In this paper, not only we explore the research conducted in this area, but we also investigatechallengesandprovidepossibleresearchopportunities regarding smart campus.
Wide Variation in Reported Rates of Stroke Across Cohorts of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Background:Oral anticoagulants decrease ischemic stroke rates in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) but increase the risk of bleeding. For the average patient with AF, the threshold of annual i...
Putting flesh on the bones

ABSTRACTThe Bengal Diaspora sheds considerable new light on the migration of Bengalis within South Asia and to Britain. It uncovers missing histories and challenges grand theories of immigration. It is highly recommended for those wanting to learn about this part of the South Asian experience and/or to appreciate the contextual factors that govern migration and settlement.
Laparoscopic Partial Gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y Gastrojejunostomy Reconstruction

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is performed for selected cases of distal gastric mass for which more radical resection is not indicated chronic peptic ulcer disease and in other cases of gastric outlet obstruction. This chapter lists the indications, essential steps, common technical variations, and complications of the procedure. A detailed operative note dictation template is included.
POVERTY COPING MECHANISMS OF RURAL WOMEN IN EHIMEMBANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IMO STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBALIZATION

While poverty affects both men and women, women 5' experience of poverty is usually more severe because of gender basedforms of exclusions. This study therefore examined the implications for globalization on poverty coping mechanisms (PCMs) of rural women in Ehime-Mbano Local Government Area ofImo-State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used in selecting 100 respondents. Data were collected on socioeconomic characteristics, income generating activities and produclion constraints using structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Most regular social way women coped with poverty was laking solace in God (x = 3.48) and economic way was selling of farm produce (= 3./7). Most regular income generating activities were arable crop production (= 3.44). vegetable production (= 3.12) and petty trading (= 2.98) which have failed to address their poverty. Age (r = 0.265), household size (r = 0.236), farming experience (r= 0.340, p<0.05) and cosmopoliteness (r= -0.308, p<0.05) had significant relationships with PCMs of the women. The study concluded that the challenges facing the women were related 10 access to resources and income generating activities were not optimally explored to lift them above poverty. Keywords: Socio-economic characteristics, rural women, poverty coping mechanisms, Nigeria. INTRODUCTION TheMillennium Development Goals have to do with directing efforts at reducing poverty. The eighth target which is to achieve global partnership implies recognition for the need for a global society for a more rapid development of the nations. Wikipedia the free encyclopedia describes globalization as an ongoing pfoce"'ss by which regional economies, societies and cultures have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of communication and trade. Globalization presupposes surplus and networking with other economies. This calls for increased production, economies of scale, comparative advantage and competitiveness. Visible effects in development will be enhanced income, food security and living standards through effective management of shortage and peak periods. Women have been described as the invisible workforce and the unacknowledged backbone of the family and national economy (Tanko, 1993). Rural women farmers play a vital role in food production and food security. They account for 70% of agricultural workers while 80% of food producers and 10% of those who process basic foodstuffs are women and they also undertake 60% to 90% of the rural market; thus making up more than two thirds of the workforce in Agricultural production (UN, 1980). The technical centre for agricultural and rural co-operation (eTA, 1993) reported that women in Africa make up more than one third of the workforce. In Nigeria, women produce 60-80% of the Agricultural Food (Ogunbameru and Pandery, 1999; Buckland and Heleegoah, 1996).
Full genomic characterization of California serogroup viruses, genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae including phylogenetic relationships

Thorough molecular characterization of reference viruses supports the detection of emerging human pathogens as well as studies of evolutionary relationships. However, full characterization of the tripartite RNA genomes of many viruses of the clinically important family Peribunyaviridae remains incomplete, making it difficult to identify emerging strains. Here, we report the full genome sequences of nine viruses belonging to the California serogroup and describe multi-segment analyses of these and previously published California serogroup strain data to determine the role of segment reassortment in the evolution of this serogroup. Phylogenetic trees from the small, medium, and large segments suggest long term, independent evolution of the majority of strains. However, trees from each segment were not entirely congruent and evidence of reassortment among some strains is presented. Of unique interest, the L segment phylogeny reveals divergent branching patterns for encephalitic versus non-encephalitic viruses in both major clades of the California serogroup.
Small‐angle X‐ray scattering

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has emerged as an important method for studying large-scale dynamic processes, ranging from protein folding to virus particle polymorphism. The renaissance of this method has resulted from a variety of advances in molecular biology and X-ray instrumentation, and these have dramatically increased the information content of the derived results. Modern synchrotron X-ray sources and advanced detector systems have lead to higher-resolution data in both the spatial and time domains. The purpose of this chapter is to address practical aspects of SAXS as they relate to and complement macromolecular crystallography.
The case for consistent use of medical eponyms by eliminating possessive forms

The objective of this commentary is to highlight the pervasive usage of both forms of medical eponyms in medical literature amongst prestigious medical journals indexed in the PubMed database. This use of eponyms poses a source of confusion in literature searching as well as a lack of consistency in medical education. The adoption of consistent non-possessive forms should be encouraged by editors, reviewers, and publishers.
Algorithms for optimal control with fixed-rate feedback

We consider a discrete-time linear quadratic Gaussian networked control setting where the (full information) observer and controller are separated by a fixed-rate noiseless channel. The minimal rate required to stabilize such a system has been well studied. However, for a given fixed rate, how to quantize the states so as to optimize performance is an open question of great theoretical and practical significance. We concentrate on minimizing the control cost for first-order scalar systems. To that end, we use the Lloyd-Max algorithm and leverage properties of logarithmically-concave functions to construct the optimal quantizer that greedily minimizes the cost at every time instant. By connecting the globally optimal scheme to the problem of scalar successive refinement, we argue that its gain over the proposed greedy algorithm is negligible. This is significant since the globally optimal scheme is often computationally intractable. All the results are proven for the more general case of disturbances with logarithmically-concave distributions.
MALIGNANT CORONARY VASOSPASM ASSOCIATED WITH GEMCITABINE AND CISPLATIN CHEMOTHERAPY

Coronary vasospasm has been reported with gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy. Ventricular arrhythmias can occur in up to 7% of patients with vasospastic angina, whereas left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and cardiogenic shock are rare. A 48 year old man with cholangiocarcinoma,
Gender and age interact to predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following a motor vehicle accident.

Objective Women have a greater overall risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than men after exposure to trauma. In addition to gender, other sociodemographic factors have been identified as risk factors for PTSD; however, research has typically examined these factors separately. Age has been found to contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders, and both linear and curvilinear relationships have been reported between age and risk of developing PTSD. Recent research has suggested that this relationship may vary depending on gender. Method We performed a secondary analysis of data from a prospective study of 287 (164 men, 123 women) motor vehicle accident (MVA) patients (aged 18-81) who completed clinical interviews 6 weeks, 6 months, and/or 1 year after an MVA. Results Overall, women developed more severe PTSD symptoms than men; however, gender differences were small in the young (18-24 years) and the old (55 and older) groups. In women, age was not associated with PTSD symptoms at 6 weeks and 6 months; however, age was curvilinearly associated with PTSD severity at 1-year post-MVA such that middle-aged women reported greater symptom severity than younger and older women. Prior trauma exposure and social support mediated this relationship. In men, PTSD severity was not associated with age, but was related to income and social support. Conclusions These findings highlight age-based subgroups of women at elevated risk for PTSD following a traumatic injury and suggest that psychosocial intervention with middle-aged women following trauma exposure may help reduce the risk of persistent PTSD symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Gut absorption of calcium: interactions between phosphate and vitamin D.

The role of dietary phosphorus (P) in the gut absorption of calcium (Ca) has been investigated in vitamin D-replete animals and vitamin D-deficient animals receiving exogenous vitamin D1,2. However, these studies did not differentiate the role of dietary P, independent of the role of vitamin D.
Stable Expression of SV40 Large T-Antigen Gene in Primary Human Schwann Cells

Schwann cells, which arise from the neuroepithelium, are glial cells of the vertebrate peripheral nervous system. During development, they grow along nerve axons and eventually ensheathe or myelinate them. In the genetic disease neurofibromatosis, transformed Schwann cells form usually benign but disfiguring tumors that emerge from peripheral or cranial nerves. To investigate the events leading to cell transformation, we have developed a tissue culture system for propagating human Schwann cells.
Chapter Twenty Four – General PCR

The primary purpose of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is to rapidly make many copies of a specific region of DNA or RNA so that it can be adequately detected, often by agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR is routinely used to amplify, modify, and clone genes for expression studies. There are many other applications for PCR, including paternity testing, biological relationships, mouse genotyping, diagnosing genetic diseases, forensics, and finding bacteria and viruses.
Effects of Pregnancy on Uptake and Distribution

This chapter outlines the effects pregnancy has on medications used by anesthesiologists. It addresses the effects on MAC, rate of induction, volume of distribution, and levels of proteins in the pregnant female.
Partners: Human and Nonhuman Performers and Interactive Narrative in Postdigital Theater

Media performance scholarship has largely not engaged with innovative work in the incorporation of technology in mainstream theater, pursuing instead a nearly exclusive focus on non-narrative works of media performance such as electronic music, dance, and installation art. This article provides a corrective to this absence, and highlights creative work from the 19th century onward with technologies in service of interactive storytelling in theater. Cornerstone concepts in the media performance field are examined, as well as possible anxieties behind the relative exclusion of narrative theater from the field. The concept of partnership is put forth as a way of understanding human and non-human performer relationships in postdigital culture, and a call for collaboration across disciplines including interactive narrative, games, electronic literature, artificial intelligence, and architecture is discussed. The practice-theory divide is bridged with a closing discussion of the author’s work in creative practice in the field.
Exploring teachers’ perceptions of implementation factors in a yoga intervention: a qualitative study

ABSTRACTThe study of yoga offers much to the field of education. Yoga consists of postures, breathing activities and relaxation techniques geared toward promoting self-regulation. Several yoga interventions for preschoolers have demonstrated significant gains on self-regulation outcomes. Although these benefits are promising, there are limited qualitative studies investigating the perspectives of key stakeholders, such as teachers. Using a grounded theory research design, the author analyzed eight focus groups and six interviews with nine teachers who participated in an 8-week yoga intervention. This study investigated (1) the application of grounded theory as an exploratory research tool, which elucidated teachers’ observations of key implementation factors for effectiveness, such as adaptations of the intervention, classroom spacing and components of yoga lessons, (2) teachers’ observations of students’ internalizations of the yoga skills and (3) teachers’ reflections on how the yoga influenced their at...
Multimodal Intervention to Improve Functional Status in Hypertensive Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed to provide the preliminary data necessary to conduct a full-scale trial to compare the efficacy of differing first-line antihypertensive medications in improving functional status in older adults, when combined with exercise. The primary objectives were to assess study feasibility, safety, and protocol integrity. Dependent outcomes included gait speed, exercise capacity, body composition, and systemic cardiometabolic biomarkers. Thirty-one physically inactive older adults (70.6 ± 6.1 years) with hypertension and functional limitations were randomly assigned to 1) Perindopril (8 mg/day n = 10), 2) Losartan (100 mg/day; n = 13), or 3) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ: 25 mg/day; n = 8). Participants were also assigned to a 24-week multimodal exercise intervention, separated into an aerobic and concurrent (aerobic + resistance) phase to evaluate potential mode effects. Retention was 84% (26/31), and compliance was >90% and >79% with medication and exercise, respectively. A total of 29 adverse events (Perindopril = 5; Losartan = 12; HCTZ = 11) and one unrelated serious adverse event were observed throughout the trial. Overall, this pilot RCT provided critical data and identified several challenges to ultimately designing and implementing a fully powered trial.
You can’t stop the revolution: community disorder and social ties in post-Ferguson America

“Ferguson” is a word that carries too much weight. No person, or town, or community, should shoulder a nation’s sins, but it does. For that reason, many, many people have written about Ferguson and...
Physiology of lactation in dairy cattle—challenges to sustainable production

Abstract Milk is one of the most efficiently produced animal-source foods, particularly when one considers the extensive conversion of human inedible agricultural byproducts consumed by dairy animals. Technological improvements in nutrition, reproduction and management will continue to support genetic selection for yield and other traits throughout the world, but perhaps will be of greatest impact on systems in developing countries in which the largest potential yield gap exists in those areas of dairy enterprises. Specific aspects of genetic, management, nutritional, health and housing interventions currently used to increase yield are included along with prospective opportunities for future improvements are discussed.
Ritual Economy and the Organization of Scioto Hopewell Craft Production: Insights from the Outskirts of the Mound City Group

This article offers insights into the organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production and examines the implications of this organization through the lens of ritual economy. We present a novel analysis of investigations at the North 40 site, concluding that it is a craft production site located on the outskirts of the renowned Mound City Group. High-resolution landscape-scale magnetic survey revealed a cluster of three large structures and two rows of associated pits; one of the buildings and three of the pits were sampled in excavations. Evidence from the North 40 site marks this as the best-documented Scioto Hopewell craft production site. Mica, chert, and copper were crafted here in contexts organized outside the realm of domestic household production and consumption. Other material remains from the site suggest that crafting was specialized and embedded in ceremonial contexts. This analysis of the complex organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production provides grounds for further understanding the elaborate ceremonialism practiced by Middle Woodland (AD 1–400) societies and adds to the known complexity of craft production in small-scale societies. Furthermore, this article contributes to a growing body of literature demonstrating the utility of ritual economy as a framework for approaching the sociality of small-scale societies.
Functional capacity and quality of life in the postural tachycardia syndrome: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Abstract Background Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a complex syndrome of orthostatic intolerance that significantly affects quality of life. The relationship between functional capacity, quality of life, and age remains poorly understood in this patient population. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the clinical and exercise characteristics of patients with POTS who underwent exercise stress testing as part of cardiac rehabilitation, and to evaluate the relationships between functional capacity with age and sex, as well as the relationship between functional capacity and quality of life. Methods We included 255 consecutive adult patients with the diagnosis of POTS, by tilt table testing, who underwent exercise stress testing between 2012 and 2017. Clinical and stress test data were obtained from electronic medical records. Results Of the 255 patients, 232 (91%) were women, with median age 33.5 years. Prevalence of traditional CAD risk factors was low (2% diabetes, 13% hypertension, 7% hyperlipidemia, and 26% smoking history). Mean resting BP was 114 ± 13 mmHg systolic, resting HR was 76 ± 13 bpm, METs achieved 9.2 ± 2.2, and 1 min HR recovery 32 ± 17 bpm. 113 patients (44%) had abnormal functional capacity for age and sex. When analyzed by age groups, younger POTS patients had increasingly lower than expected functional capacity (compared to predicted normals) than did older patients (ANOVA P = 0.0017). The SF-36 physical component of patients with abnormal functional capacity was significantly lower than those with normal functional capacity. (p = 0.006). Conclusions In this large cohort, patients with POTS were predominantly female (91%) and relatively young. The novel findings are that younger patients with POTS were more likely to have lower-than-average functional capacity for their age and sex compared to older patients, and that abnormal functional capacity was associated with lower quality of life by SF-36 physical component.
Questioning the regressivity of tobacco taxes: a distributional accounting impact model of increased tobacco taxation—commentary

Despite extensive evidence from many countries showing that substantially increasing prices of tobacco through taxation is the single most effective way to reduce tobacco use,1 policymakers have been hesitant to adopt such policies. One common argument against higher tobacco taxes is that they may be regressive. This argument relies on a narrow definition of regressivity based on comparing the tax burden—the ratio of taxes paid to income—for different income groups. Tax regressivity can be defined in multiple ways, with the two most common definitions based on the tax burden or the ‘ability to pay’ (also known as the ‘accounting definition’),2 or based on welfare. The flaw of evaluating regressivity based solely on tax burden by income group is that it does not consider the behavioural responses to taxation, as consumers change their consumption in response to higher taxes. Alternatively, the welfare-based approach incorporates these effects and accounts for the impact of a tax change increase on …
Telemental Health and US Rural–Urban Differences in Specialty Mental Health Use, 2010–2017

Objectives. To examine whether growing use of telemental health (TMH) has reduced the rural-urban gap in specialty mental health care use in the United States.Methods. Using 2010-2017 Medicare data, we analyzed trends in the rural-urban difference in rates of specialty visits (in-person and TMH).Results. Among rural beneficiaries diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, TMH use grew by 425% over the 8 years and, in higher-use rural areas, accounted for one quarter of all specialty mental health visits in 2017. Among patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, TMH visits differentially grew in rural areas by 0.14 visits from 2010 to 2017. This growth partially offset the 0.42-visit differential decline in in-person visits in rural areas. In net, the gap between rural and urban patients in specialty visits was larger by 2017.Conclusions. TMH has improved access to specialty care in rural areas, particularly for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. While growth in TMH use has been insufficient to eliminate the overall rural-urban difference in specialty care use, this difference may have been larger if not for TMH.Public Health Implications. Targeted policy to extend TMH to underserved areas may help offset declines in in-person specialty care.
An Ecobehavioral Analysis of Social Behavior Across Learning Contexts in Kindergarten

The purpose of the present study was to examine the opportunities kindergarten children in the United States had across different learning contexts (whole group, small group, center time, lunch, recess) to engage in social behavior as defined by the Developing Skills Checklist. Across a 3-year period, the social behaviors of 36 children across 13 public and private kindergarten classrooms were recorded to determine the frequency of social behaviors during the course of their regularly scheduled classroom activities. Social behavior was subdivided into the categories of classroom skills, self-esteem, persistence, self-expression, and pro-social behavior. Differences were found between the five learning contexts when looking at children’s social behavior. Overall, persistence was consistently demonstrated more often across all learning contexts. Self-esteem was observed more frequently during small group and center time than the whole group. Self-expression and prosocial behavior were observed at extremely low rates across all learning contexts.
Multidisciplinary clinic for care of children with complex obstructive sleep apnea.

Abstract Objective While adenotonsillectomy (AT) remains first line therapy for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), management of children who are not candidates for AT or who have residual OSA post AT varies and spans across multiple specialties. We aim to report our experience in managing this population through a multidisciplinary sleep clinic composed of specialists in pediatric dentistry, otolaryngology, plastic surgery, and pulmonary/sleep medicine. Study design Retrospective chart review. Method The medical records of children attending our complex sleep apnea clinic were reviewed. Data pertaining to demographics, underlying diagnoses, prior evaluation and treatment, recommendations, and initial therapy were collected. Result Two-hundred and thirty patients (mean age 10.7 ± 5.1 years, 62.2% male) were assessed. Underlying conditions included Trisomy 21 (n = 65, 28.2%), other genetic syndromes (n = 37, 16.1%), obesity in an otherwise typically developing child (n = 36, 15.2%), cerebral palsy (n = 27, 11.7%), and craniofacial syndromes (n = 7, 3.0%). Mean obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI) was 14.2 events/hour at first clinic visit, and the majority of children had previously undergone at least one upper airway surgery (n = 168, 73.0%), primarily adenotonsillectomy. Recommended initial treatment plans included positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy (n = 108, 47.0%), surgery (n = 75, 32.6%), allergy management (n = 52, 22.6%), and/or weight loss (n = 34, 14.8%). Patients prescribed PAP therapy with follow up data were found to be adherent 43.9% of the time. Surgical patients with post-operative polysomnography had pre-operative OAHI 15.6 ± SD13.4 decrease to 10.7 ± 14.2 events/hour (p = 0.61). Conclusion Genetic conditions and obesity were the most common underlying diagnoses cared for in the complex sleep apnea clinic. Patients presented with severe OSA, most having already had upper airway surgery. Management plans were frequently adjusted, and we observed improvement in SDB in a sub-segment of patients, suggesting benefit to a coordinated, multi-disciplinary approach.
The Moderating Effect of Environmental Dynamism on the Relationship between Entrepreneur Leadership Behavior and New Venture Performance

Examines the impact of entrepreneur leadership behavior onfirm performance and assesses the moderating influence of environmentaldynamism on the relationship between leadership behavior and firm performance.A discussion of transactional leadership (i.e., the exchange relationshipsbetween leaders and their subordinates) and transformational leadership (i.e.,the process by which leaders and subordinates coordinate their efforts toeffect major change) leads to the development of a model of the moderatingeffect of environmental dynamism on the relationship between leadershipbehavior (transactional and transformational) and new venture performance. This model spawns a number of hypotheses that are tested in light of datafrom a survey of 168 managers from 66 fast-growing new firms. Analysis of thedata reveals that environmental dynamism has a negative moderating effect onthe relationship between transactional leadership and firm performance and apositive moderating effect on the relationship between transformationalleadership and performance. It appears, then, that transactional leadership ismore effective in stable environments, while transformational leadershipthrives in dynamic environments. (SAA)
Schools, society, and the socio-political: Navigating the tensions in civic education

Democracy at a Crossroads: Reconceptualizing Socio-Political Issues in Schools and Society emerges as a result of “a time of questionable civility in American politics, where contentious spaces and...
Robotic Breast Reconstruction with the Latissimus Dorsi Flap

The recent advent of robotic-assisted technology has allowed for significant advances in minimally invasive surgery, essentially freeing physicians from the physical limitations of their own hands. Robotic-assisted surgery has successfully integrated into urology, surgical oncology, gynecology, and thoracic surgery, but plastic surgical indications remain a relatively novel frontier. For two-stage, delayed-immediate reconstruction of the breast, robotic-assisted latissimus dorsi harvest (RALDH) is an excellent option for patients who wish to avoid a traditional latissimus dorsi donor-site incision. In this chapter, we review indications for robotic-assisted surgery in breast reconstruction, pertinent anatomy, patient selection, technique, and institutional outcomes. Robotic-assisted harvest of the latissimus dorsi muscle is associated with a low complication rate and reliable results for delayed reconstruction of the irradiated breast, and for the properly selected patient eliminates the need for a donor-site incision.
The Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon's Temple to the Muslim Conquest

1. Introduction 2. The topography and early history of Jerusalem (to 586 BCE) 3. The Babylonian (586-539 BCE) and Persian (539-332 BCE) periods 4. The early Hellenistic period (332-167 BCE) 5. The late Hellenistic (Hasmonean) period (167-40 BCE) 6. The archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls 7. The early Roman (Herodian) period (40 BCE-70 CE): Jerusalem 8. The early Roman (Herodian) period (40 BCE-70 CE): Caesarea Maritima, Samaria-Sebaste, Herodian Jericho, and Herodium 9. The early Roman (Herodian) period (40 BCE-70 CE): Jesus' birth and Galilean setting 10. The early Roman (Herodian) period (40 BCE-70 CE): Masada 11. Ancient Jewish tombs and burial customs (to 70 CE) 12. From 70 CE to the Bar Kokhba Revolt (135/136 CE) (the Second Jewish Revolt against the Romans) 13. Aelia Capitolina (Hadrianic Jerusalem) (135 to ca. 500 CE) 14. Roman and the late antique period synagogues in Palestine 15. The Byzantine (early Christian) period (313-640 CE): Jerusalem 16. The Byzantine (early Christian) period (313-640 CE): Palestine under Christian rule 17. Epilogue: early Islamic Jerusalem (638-750 CE).
Lead Me Beside Still Waters: Toxic Water, Trisomy 21 and a Theology of Eco-Social Disability

Artist Ena Swansea paints a provocative paradox in “One” from her “4 Seasons” quadtych: Is the child in the bathtub playfully holding a bubble, the orb of our global commons, or a crystal ball that portends an ominous future? As the viewer is confronted with the image of a child who, in the middle of an ordinary daily routine, is up to his armpits in a pool of blood red water, the question of water toxicity becomes central in the painting.Working from that image, this paper explores the interaction between water toxicity and Trisomy 21, proposing the need for a “precautionary principle” to guide decision-making. The rationale for that principle is developed here through a study of communities with heightened links between water toxicity and Trisomy 21, a deepened theology of water across worldviews drawing on the work of John Hart’s Sacramental Commons, and a proposed model for “eco-social disability.” Because scientific studies linking toxic water and Trisomy 21 are inconclusive, the precautionary principle serves as a guide to prevent the potential disabling effects of toxic water causing unjust generation of disablement.
Nonlinear Pricing: Capturing Consumer Surplus

Chapter 12 shows how a price-searching firm maximizes profits if its product faces a well-defined downward-sloping demand curve, given that the firm must sell all units of its product for the same price and that the per-unit price is the only charge that the seller can impose on the product’s buyers. This pricing regime is often called linear pricing. This chapter analyzes deviations from linear pricing, which potentially increase the seller’s profit.
Good Governance within the World Bank: Assessing Recent Reforms

Using the concept of good governance, this paper assesses how voting rules in the World Bank (IBRD) determine members’ abilities to influence the formation of winning coalitions in the Executive Board. In weighted voting systems, the percentage of votes held by an actor does not adequately measure its ability to affect outcomes because voting weights do not account for either the possible number of coalitions that may form or the number of votes needed to pass a resolution. In short, weighted voting systems cannot be straightforwardly analyzed with reference to voting weights but instead require the determination of relative voting power. Using multiple measures of a priori voting power, data are presented for before and after recent voice reforms. Results indicate that the United States, as expected, holds the largest share of voting power. Also, as expected, most borrowing members have little voting power. Unexpectedly, in several voting groups a single member is able to ensure its election to the Board. Hence, other members of these voting groups have no formal influence on the Board. The paper concludes by reflecting on the implications of voting power analysis for the concept of good governance within the World Bank.
Local Optimality of User Choices and Collaborative Competitive Filtering

While a user's preference is directly reflected in the interactive choice process between her and the recommender, this wealth of information was not fully exploited for learning recommender models. In particular, existing collaborative filtering (CF) approaches take into account only the binary events of user actions but totally disregard the contexts in which users' decisions are made. In this paper, we propose Collaborative Competitive Filtering (CCF), a framework for learning user preferences by modeling the choice process in recommender systems. CCF employs a multiplicative latent factor model to characterize the dyadic utility function. But unlike CF, CCF models the user behavior of choices by encoding a local competition effect. In this way, CCF allows us to leverage dyadic data that was previously lumped together with missing data in existing CF models. We present two formulations and an efficient large scale optimization algorithm. Experiments on three real-world recommendation data sets demonstrate that CCF significantly outperforms standard CF approaches in both offline and online evaluations.
TrustTech Paradigm for Computing HighQuality Optimal Solutions: Method and Theory

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Problem Preliminaries A Trust-Tech Paradigm Theoretical Analysis of Trust-Tech Method A Numerical Trust-Tech Method Hybrid Trust-Tech Methods Numerical Schemes Numerical Studies Conclusions Remarks References
Local fields at the cathode-insulator junction as a cause of breakdown of shaped insulators in vacuum

High-voltage holdoff of solid insulators bewteen electrodes in vacuum depends strongly on insulator shape. The angle between the applied field and the insulator interface is believed to be the fundamental dependence. A detailed calculation of the electric fields about solid insulators of various shapes gives us insight as to the reason for this dependence. The breakdown field near the cathode-insulator junction appears to be constant if the enhancement of the applied field is considered. This enhancement is created not only by insulator geometry, but also by insulator surface charging effects.
Architecture comparison for concurrent multi-band linear power amplifiers

In this paper, a comparison between the concurrent multi-band and parallel single-band power amplifier architectures is analyzed. A generalized framework in which these two architectures can be compared in terms of cost, drain efficiency, output power, and linearity is developed. Results show that in general, a concurrent multi-band power amplifier will have worse performance than a parallel single-band amplifier for class-A operation, to the point that it is not a viable substitution. Class-B and class-C operation, however, remain viable alternatives for area savings without a large drop in efficiency and output power.
Viral Metagenomics Reveal Blooms of Anelloviruses in the Respiratory Tract of Lung Transplant Recipients

Few studies have examined the lung virome in health and disease. Outcomes of lung transplantation are known to be influenced by several recognized respiratory viruses, but global understanding of the virome of the transplanted lung is incomplete. To define the DNA virome within the respiratory tract following lung transplantation we carried out metagenomic analysis of allograft bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and compared with healthy and HIV+ subjects. Viral concentrates were purified from BAL and analyzed by shotgun DNA sequencing. All of the BAL samples contained reads mapping to anelloviruses, with high proportions in lung transplant samples. Anellovirus populations in transplant recipients were complex, with multiple concurrent variants. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantification revealed that anellovirus sequences were 56-fold more abundant in BAL from lung transplant recipients compared with healthy controls or HIV+ subjects (p < 0.0001). Anellovirus sequences were also more abundant in upper respiratory tract specimens from lung transplant recipients than controls (p = 0.006). Comparison to metagenomic data on bacterial populations showed that high anellovirus loads correlated with dysbiotic bacterial communities in allograft BAL (p = 0.008). Thus the respiratory tracts of lung transplant recipients contain high levels and complex populations of anelloviruses, warranting studies of anellovirus lung infection and transplant outcome.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THIOBENZOATE AND ITS O-FLUORO-AND M-FLUORO-DERIVATIVES.

SummaryThiobenzoate and its o-fluoro-and m-fluoro-derivatives were shown to inhibit the growth of certain fungi and gram-positive bacteria at concentrations below 100 μg/ml. Gram-negative bacteria were not affected at concentrations below 1000 μg/ml. Inhibition of growth of susceptible cells was antagonized by sulfite, cysteine, cystine, thioglycollate, and glutathione; sulfate and methionine were not antagonistic. A cell-free sulfate reduction system from yeast was inhibited by each thiobenzoate. It was concluded that inhibition of the microbial sulfate reduction system may be the principal antimicrobial mechanism.
Projectile points, people, and Plains Paleoindian perambulations

Archaeologists generally agree that Paleoindian residential groups moved regularly over extremely large ranges. However, on the Great Plains, this argument depends substantially on datasets derived largely or entirely from projectile points rather than from systematic analysis of a wide range of artifacts. This paper argues that projectile points differ from most Paleoindian tools in ways that make such datasets unlikely to be reliable sources of information on range sizes. Furthermore, evidence from Paleoindian tool caches and the condition of discarded points suggest strongly that the raw material used to produce projectile points at least sometimes moved across the Plains independently of material used to make most other kinds of flaked stone tools. This, in turn, implies that not all stone used during Paleoindian times was procured by visits of whole residential groups to raw material sources, raising serious questions about the validity of widespread views of Paleoindian mobility.