cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thick YBa2Cu3O7 films by post annealing of the precursor by high rate e-beam deposition on SrTiO3 substrates

Abstract High rate evaporation techniques were used to deposit Y, BaF 2 , and Cu precursor films onto SrTiO 3 single crystal substrates at rates in excess of 10 nm/s. Y and Cu were deposited by electron beam (e-beam) heating and thermal heating was used for BaF 2 . Post deposition annealing was used to form 3 μm thick c -axis aligned YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 films on the SrTiO 3 substrates. Critical current densities 1.8×10 5 A/cm 2 at 1 T ( H ‖ c ) and 77 K were achieved. The films were nominally stoichiometric and were post-deposition annealed in a humidified reduced oxygen atmosphere at 725–800°C. These results indicate that the so-called BaF 2 post annealing process can be one of several possible candidate methods for production of thick YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 coatings for large scale applications.
Experimental Investigation of a Forward Swept Rotor in a Multistage Fan with Inlet Distortion

Previous studies of transonic swept rotors in single stage fans have demonstrated the potential of significant improvements in both efficiency and stall margin with forward swept blading. This paper extends the assessment of the payoff derived from forward sweep to multistage configurations. The experimental investigation compare two builds of an advanced two-stage fan configuration tested alternately with a radial and a forward swept stage 1 blade. In the two-stage evaluations, the testing was extended to include the effect on inlet flow distortion. While the common second stage among the two builds prevented the overall fan from showing clean inlet performance and stability benefits with the forward swept rotor 1, this configuration did demonstrate superior front stage efficiency and tolerance to inlet distortion. Having obtained already low distortion sensitivity with the radial rotor 1 configuration relative to current production military fan standards, the sensitivity to inlet distortion was halved with the forward swept rotor 1 configuration. In the case of the 180-degree one-per-rev distortion pattern, the two-stage configuration was evaluated both with and without inlet guide vanes (IGVs). The presence of the inlet guide vanes had a profound impact in lowering the two-stage fan's sensitivity with inlet distortion.
Adjuvants prolonging the residual activity of low-volume formulations of dichlorvos, mevinphos, and malathion in the laboratory.

Apolar adjuvauts that were difficult to evaluate in an aqueous formulation were studied in a technical grade insecticide mixture. The combination was sprayed onto plants and tested as extenders of residual toxicity against 4th-instar Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, and 3rd-instar southern armyworm, Prodenia cridania (Cramer). Slightly less than half the adjuvants tested improved residual toxidty of the toxicants. Technical mevinphos mixtures with Carboset 525 (acrylic resin), Klucel HA (cellulose ether), and Gantrez AN 119 (polyvinyl ether—maleic anhydride resin) against Mexican bean beetle and Plaskon 9407 (polyester resin), Klucel HA, and Plaskon 9405 (polyester resin) against southern armyworm were effective combinations. Technical dichlorvos mixtures with Plaskon P.E. 258 (polyester resin) and Carboset 525 were the most effective combinations evaluated against Mexican bean beetle. The former along with Plaskon 9407 and 9405 were superior combinations against southern armyworm. Technical malathion mixtures with several adjuvants were difficult to evaluate, probably because of the slow loss of toxicant effectiveness.
Direct and mediated transfer for right and wrong responses in verbal-discrimination learning

Verbal-discrimination learning was investigated under transfer conditions in which right and wrong items from List 1 entered into five different arrangements in a “mixed” List 2. Included in List 2 were new pairs (C or control), pairs with previous right items combined with new wrong items (R), pairs with associates of previous right items combined with new wrong items (R'), pairs with previous wrong items combined with new right items (W), and pairs with associates of previous wrong items combined with new right items (W′). As in an earlier study ( Underwood, Jesse, and Ekstrand, 1964 ), R and W generated positive and negative transfer, respectively, with respect to the C. The inhibitory effect for W supported the concept of discrimination of W items which is independent of the presence of R items. However, unlike the results found in the previous study, the inhibitory effect was apparent throughout List-2 practice, rather than in the later stages only. Mediated positive and negative transfer were demonstrated for R′ and W′ conditions, respectively, indicating the generality of mediated transfer to situations other than paired associates.
The SLW Model: Exact Limit and Relationship to Other Global Methods

The exact form of the Spectral-Line Weighted-sum-of-gray-gases (SLW) model is developed as a limiting case of the classical SLW method when the number of gray gases in the classical model approaches infinity. Solutions of the Exact SLW RTE are obtained in the case of isothermal media. It is demonstrated that accuracy of the Exact SLW method is limited only by the accuracy of the ALBDF correlations used for characterization of the absorption spectrum. This work also demonstrates theoretically the close relationship between the SLW, ADF, and FSK models. The theoretical foundation is laid for the extension of the exact method to the case of non-isothermal media.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
MEMS Rotational Actuator for High Force and Large Displacement

A MEMS thermal actuator that provides rotational or near-linear translational displacements is investigated. This actuator provides a solution to applications that require highforces and large displacements. Output moments up to 7x10-7 N-m and free rotations of up to 3 degrees were measured. These correspond to forces of up to 1.44mN at a displacement of 23.7μm, yielding a work of 3.41x10-8 N-m. An electrothermal-mechanical model that considers temperature dependence of material properties is presented, and the model predictions show good agreement with actuator test data.
Davidon least squares-based learning algorithm for feedforward neural networks

Abstract This paper presents a new learning methodology for feedforward neural networks. The proposed algorithm is based on Davidon's least squares minimization approach. The performance of the Davidon algorithm is compared with that of the back propagation for three prototype examples. These examples are: Case I, a linear second-order system; Case II, a chaotic system; and Case III, a nonlinear dynamic system. The trained network is employed to determine the one-step-ahead prediction of the output of a given system. The simulation results show that, in most cases, the Davidon algorithm has an order of magnitude faster convergence rate than that of the back propagation. In order to make a fair comparison, an optimum back propagation learning rate is used. The learning rate chosen is the one that results in the fastest convergence for a given system.
The refined crystal structure of cowpea mosaic virus at 2.8 A resolution.

Abstract Comoviruses are a group of plant viruses in the picornavirus superfamily. The type member of comoviruses, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), was crystallized in the cubic space group I23, a = 317 A and the hexagonal space group P6 1 22, a = 451 A, c = 1038 A. Structures of three closely similar nucleoprotein particles were determined in the cubic form. The roughly 300-A capsid was similar to the picornavirus capsid displaying a pseudo T = 3 ( P = 3) surface lattice. The three β-sandwich domains adopt two orientations, one with the long axis radial and the other two with the long axes tangential in reference to the capsid sphere. T = 3 viruses display one or the other of these two orientations. The CPMV capsid was permeable to cesium ions, leading to a disturbance of the β-annulus inside a channel-like structure, suggesting an ion channel. The hexagonal crystal form diffracted X rays to 3 A resolution, despite the large unit cell. The large (∼200 A) solvent channels in the lattice allow exchange of CPMV cognate Fab fragments. As an initial step in the structure determination of the CPMV/Fab complex, the P6 1 22 crystal structure was solved by molecular replacement with the CPMV model determined in the cubic cell.
Dielectric properties of an epoxy-amine system at a high microwave frequency

The dielectric properties of a curing diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/Jeffamine D-230 system have been studied over the temperature range of 20–90°C at 2.45 GHz. It was found that, generally, both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor of the system increased with temperature and decreased as the reaction proceeded. The epoxy resins at different extents of cure exhibited the γ relaxation, which can be described by the Arrhenius Rate Law. The relaxation is attributed to the motions of the dipolar groups associated with the reactants. The Davidson-Cole model can represent the temperature dependencies of the dielectric properties. The nature of the information yielded by dielectrometry on the dynamics of the system is discussed. The evolution of the parameters of the models during the polymerization was mainly affected by the decreasing number of the dipolar groups involved in the reaction and increasing medium viscosity. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 45:1576–1580, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Regulation of growth of human gastric cancer by gastrin and glycine- extended progastrin

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gastrin (G-17) stimulates the growth of certain gastric and colon cancers mostly through gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK)- B receptors. Glycine-extended gastrin (Gly-G) stimulates growth of a rat pancreatic acinar cell line; however, the effect of Gly-G on human gastric cancers is not known. The purpose of this study was to characterize the trophic effect of G-17 and Gly-G on two human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and SIIA. METHODS: Binding analyses were performed, and cell growth was assessed by counting cells over a time course. RESULTS: G-17 stimulated growth of both AGS and SIIA cells. In AGS cells, gastrin/CCK-B receptor antagonists inhibited the effect of G- 17 and competitively antagonized 125I-G-17 binding, whereas the CCK- preferring (CCK-A) receptor antagonists had no effect. In contrast, CCK- A receptor antagonists inhibited the stimulatory effect of G-17 in SIIA cells, whereas CCK-B receptor antagonists had no effect. Gly-G stimulated the growth of AGS and SIIA cells; neither the CCK-B nor the CCK-A receptor antagonists blocked this effect. CONCLUSIONS: G-17 stimulates proliferation of AGS cells through the CCK-B receptor; however, G-17-mediated growth of SIIA acts through a CCK-A-like receptor. Furthermore, Gly-G stimulates growth of human gastric cancer cell lines, possibly through a receptor other than the CCK-B or CCK-A receptor. (Gastroenterology 1997 Sep;113(3):782-90)
Effects of progesterone on lordotic responses to specific mating stimuli in hamsters.

Abstract Mating-induced inhibition of sexual receptivity was examined in ovariectomized, estrogen (E) treated and estrogen plus progesterone (E+P) treated hamsters given 10 min of exposure to male mounting stimulation alone or to mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations at eight hourly intervals. In E+P treated females, no differential effects of exposure to full mating stimulation vs. mounting stimulation alone were observed. In contrast, females given E treatment alone showed a marked differential response. Fully mated, E-treated females showed more lordosis than E-treated females exposed to mounts alone during the initial test. However, total lordosis duration declined precipitiously in the fully mated group by 2 hr and remained significantly below that in other groups during subsequent tests. Levels of receptivity in E-treated females mounted-only remained relatively constant until 8 hr. These results suggest that P reduces the inhibitory effects of vaginocervical cues received during mating without affecting the response to mounting stimulation alone. In addition, vaginocervical stimulation may initially facilitate lordosis in E-treated females.
The use and evaluation of search databases by professional nurses: a case study

Nurses are constantly faced with information needs to keep up in the fast pace, ever‐changing state of health and nursing. Information that is available through advancing computer and technology is oftentimes difficult and cumbersome to learn and access. This is a case study of how three nurses used and evaluated three different types of information search databases in terms of three measure criteria. The results are useful in guiding nurses to use these information sources, as well as other database users with little or no experience in searching such systems. Insights from the study can also assist system designers and programmers in future planning and redesigns of these systems, in order to maximize use and expand the user base of these search systems.
Willingness to Pay to Improve Domestic Water Supply in Rural Areas of Central Tanzania: Implications for Policy

SUMMARY This analysis estimates willingness to pay to improve community-based rural water utilities in the Dodoma and Singida Regions of Central Tanzania, using Multinomial Logit functions. An estimate of willingness to pay provides an indication of the demand for improved services and potential for them being sustainable. Surveys were conducted in a total of 30 villages in the two regions. In the Dodoma Region, about 14% of respondents indicated that they were satisfied with the status quo, 64% suggested increasing water discharge and watering points, and 22% proposed other improvements relating to water quality. In the Singida Region, 31% of the respondents were satisfied with the status quo, 59% wanted deeper boreholes and watering points, and 10% indicated other types of improvement relating to water quality. The Multinomial Logit functions indicated that the interaction between the water quality variable and proposed bids were important in making choices with reference to the type of improvement desi...
MICROWAVE BLANCHING EFFECTS ON CHEMICAL, SENSORY AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF FROZEN GREEN BEANS

Green beans (cv. Mustang) obtained from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Campaign Horticulture plots were assayed within 3 h of harvest. Beans were blanched in covered containers: conventional boiling water (1900 ml, 3 min) (BW), steam (300 ml water, 3 min) (ST), microwave heated in 1 L glass containers (60 ml water, 3 or 5 min, 700 W) (MW-3, MW-5), and microwave heated in 1 L Seal-a-MealTM bags (45 ml water, 3 min) (MW-Bag). Baseline data were collected immediately after blanching. Aliquots were frozen at – 18C for 4 weeks. Unblanched beans had 82 units of peroxidase activity/min; activity was zero immediately after all blanching treatments. Reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) content was highest for unblanched, ST and MW-5 beans and lowest for BW and MW-Bag beans immediately after blanching. ST beans retained 100% of original RAA. Instron shear force (kg) was highest for unblanched beans and lowest for BW and MW-Bag beans immediately after blanching. After frozen storage, ST and BW beans had the lowest shear values. Visual color was poorest for MW-5; other treatments were not different. Microwave blanching green beans for 3 min in a covered container or bag prior to 4 weeks frozen storage resulted in a product that was not different in RAA content, retention or color from BW blanched beans; however, these samples differed in tenderness and crispness from boiling water blanched beans.
Thermomechanical Behavior of a Damaged Thermal Protection System: Finite-Element Simulations

The thermomechanical behavior of damaged space shuttle tile thermal protection system (TPS) is simulated using the finite-element method. The effects of damage on the thermal protection capability and the induced thermal stresses in the TPS are evaluated by comparing the thermal and structural response of the damaged configurations with the undamaged configurations. The TPS consists of three components (the LI-900 tile, the strain isolation pad, and the underlying structure), and it is modeled as a discrete, three-layer structure. The TPS is subjected to the reentry heating and pressure profile corresponding to the Access to Space vehicle. The transient temperature distribution and the resultant thermal stresses are then computed. Three different sizes of damage simulating hypervelocity impact are considered. The validity of the simplifying assumptions used in an earlier study is systematically examined to determine the correct combination of assumptions required for modeling this class of problems. Influ...
Intraoperative pacemaker dysfunction caused by the use of electrocautery during a total hip arthroplasty

Pacemaker dysfunction encountered during orthopedic procedures is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. With an increasing number of orthopedic procedures performed on the aging population, it is not uncommon to encounter patients with pacemakers requiring major orthopedic intervention. Most, if not all, major orthopedic procedures performed today require the use of electrocautery for hemostasis. In this article we review the literature for pacemaker complications and report a case of pacemaker failure after a single use of the unipolar electrocautery on a patient undergoing a total hip replacement.
Development of a feline proinsulin immunoradiometric assay and a feline proinsulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): a novel application to examine beta cell function in cats.

Abstract The prevalence of feline diabetes mellitus has increased several-fold over the last three decades. In humans, progression from obesity to diabetes is marked by changes in the release of proinsulin. A specific proinsulin (FPI) assay has not been available to examine similar changes in cats. The goal of this study was to develop a proinsulin assay for the analysis of beta cell function in cats. Monoclonal antibodies were developed against recombinant FPI and used in a two-site sandwich immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The antibody pair had negligible cross-reactivity with bovine insulin and feline C-peptide. The working range was 11–667 pmol/L for the IRMA and 11–1111 pmol/L for the ELISA. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed in six long-term obese and six lean adult healthy cats and serum glucose, insulin, and FPI concentrations were determined. The proinsulin and insulin secretion pattern in response to glucose was significantly different between lean and obese cats but the pattern was similar within a group. Both groups had similar baseline proinsulin/insulin ratios; however, obese cats showed a significantly higher proinsulin/insulin ratio during the first 15 min of the IVGTT and a much lower ratio during the last 30 min suggesting a time-delayed adjustment to the increased insulin demand. In conclusion, we report the development and validation of an IRMA and an ELISA for FPI. This novel assay is useful to elucidate FPI secretion and can be used similar to a C-petide assay to evaluate residual beta cell function in cats.
Lithographic Process Development for High Numerical Aperture I-Line Steppers

A high contrast single layer i-line resist process was developed using Aspect Systems 9 resist for a GCA 5X wafer stepper equipped with a Tropel 20 mm diameter, 0.40 NA lens. The process development sequence is described, where surface response experiments are used to evaluate the effects on resist contrast of process factors. These factors include prebake time and temperature, post exposure bake time and temperature, metal-ion free developer concentration, develop time, and develop temperature. Contrast is found to depend upon standing wave interference. Results of a factorial comparison of the single layer process for critical dimension control with and without CEM 388 made for site-to-site and wafer-to-wafer variations yielded similar results. SEM micrographs for the optimized single layer process illustrate near verticle resist profiles with good depth of focus latitude, and agree well with PROSIMulations except under large defocus conditions. The optimized single layer resist process has been employed to evaluate a new Tropel 20 mm diameter, 0.40 numerical aperture, i-line lens with good results.
Antimicrobial activity of merocyanine 540: a photosensitizing dye

The antimicrobial activity of merocyanine 540 (MC 540), a photosensitizing dye previously used to purge malignant cells from autologous bone marrow grafts, was evaluated against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans in the presence and absence of light. In the absence of light, MC 540 demonstrated no antibacterial activity against any of the organisms tested. When combined with increasing intervals of photoillumination, growth inhibition was observed with all Gram-positive organisms tested except Mycobacterium fortuitum. Photosensitizing growth inhibition was also observed with Moraxella catarrhalis but not with any other Gram-negative bacilli including members of the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophila, or Burkhoderia cepacia. These results suggested that differences in cell wall structure confer resistance to the photodamaging effects of the dye. MC 540 exhibited no antimicrobial activity against C. albicans in the presence or absence of light.
Human hips, breasts and buttocks: Is fat deceptive?

Abstract In humans, reproductive-age females, unlike other ages and classes of individuals, deposit fat preferentially on the breasts, hips, and buttocks. This suggests that such fat deposition is a deceptive sexual signal, mimicking other signals of high reproductive value and potential.
Confirmation of maternal transmission ratio distortion at Om and direct evidence that the maternal and paternal "DDK syndrome" genes are linked.

The polar, preimplantation-embryo lethal phenotype known as the“DDK syndrome” in the mouse is the result of the complex interaction of genetic factors and a parental-origin effect. We previously observed a modest degree of transmission-ratio distortion in favor of the inheritance of DDK alleles in the Ovum mutant (Om) region of Chromosome (Chr) 11, among offspring of reciprocal F1-hybrid females and C57BL/6 males. In this study, we confirm that a significant excess of offspring inherit DDK alleles from F1 mothers and demonstrate that the preference for the inheritance of DDK alleles is not a specific bias against the C57BL/6 allele or a simple preference for offspring that are heterozygous at Om. Because none of the previous genetic models for the inheritance of the“DDK syndrome” predicted transmission-ratio distortion through F1 females, we reconsidered the possibility that the genes encoding the maternal and paternal components of this phenotype were not linked. We have examined the fertility phenotype of N2 females and demonstrate that the inter-strain fertility of these females is correlated with their genotype in the Om region. This result establishes, directly, that the genes encoding the maternal and paternal components of the DDK syndrome are genetically linked.
Application of finite-element method in the computation of temperature with emphasis on radiative exchanges.

Analyses pertaining to the solution of heat transfer problems in combined modes based on the finite-element method are presented. Two elements - a triangular element employing two spatial variables and a multi-faceted bar element employing one spatial variable - with nonlinear radiation on the boundaries are detailed. The radiative effects considered on the diffuse-gray surface elements include: (1) directional radiant fluxes from distant sources, (2) radiative exchanges including surfaces of prescribed temperatures, and (3) radiative exchanges including elements whose temperatures are not known a priori. The nonlinear part of the boundary condition is treated in two different ways: (1) a consistent linearization method, and (2) a direct energy distribution method. Applications of these elements together with solution algorithms to three sample problems exhibit solution capability and obtainable accuracy.
DNA binding and transactivation properties of the Schistosoma mansoni constitutive androstane receptor homologue

SmCAR (Schistosoma mansoni constitutive androstane receptor) is a schistosome homologue of the CAR/PXR/VDR group of nuclear receptors. The P box sequence in the DNA binding domain (DBD) of SmCAR, which is essential in determining the DNA binding specificity of nuclear receptors, is different from its vertebrate homologues. Previous data demonstrates that SmCAR binds to a hormone response element containing a single half site AGTGCA as a monomer. SmRXR1 and SmRXR2 are two S. mansoni homologues of vertebrate retinoid X receptors (RXRs). RXRs usually heterodimerize with various nuclear receptors. Yeast-two hybrid analyses, in vitro pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that SmCAR interacts with SmRXR1 but not SmRXR2. Using chimeras consisting of the DBD of SmCAR and the ligand binding domain (LBD) of mouse (m) CAR, we show that despite a different P box, SmCAR DBD shares DNA binding specificity with mCAR. However, the SmCAR DBD does exhibit some of the DNA binding properties specific to SmCAR. Studies of the chimeras also demonstrated that the SmCAR DBD is able to heterodimerize with the DBD of human RXR, allowing high affinity DNA binding. Based on this study and previous results, we conclude that SmCAR may recognize its cognate hormone response element via two mechanisms: binding to DNA monomerically or heterodimerizing with SmRXR1. We also demonstrate that a transcription activation function-1 (AF-1) is located in the SmCAR A/B domain.
Gender Turnover and Roll‐Call Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives

A number of studies suggest that the gender of a legislator affects his or her congressional ideology. We argue that these studies may have produced misleading results because of insufficient controls for constituency influences. To better account for constituency effects, we use a longitudinal research design based on electoral turnover, which holds constituency constant while allowing gender and party to vary. We apply ordinary least squares regression to data from the 103d, 104th, and 105th Houses of Representatives and estimate the effect of gender turnover on changes in DW-NOMINATE roll-call voting scores. We find that, when we sufficiently control for both party and constituency influences, gender is not a determinant of the liberalness of a representative's roll-call voting behavior.
A computer program for the interpretation of hemodynamic pressures

A computer program for the interpretation of data obtained during hemodynamic monitoring suitable for running on many commonly available microcomputers is presented. Potential modifications of the program are discussed.
Effect of separation distance on isolation call structure in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).

Isolation calls of captive squirrel monkeys were recorded by separating infants from their natal group members and then permitting vocal contact between the "lost" baby and the group at systematically varied distances. Separated infants gave longer calls at greater separation distances from their natal group members, and responding adults and juveniles similarly extended the length of their vocalizations. In the longer variants, a highfrequency element was prolonged, which is considered to be an example of the net advantage of a "frequency window" in the ambient noise of environments.
The Alzheimer amyloid precursor is associated with the detergent- insoluble cytoskeleton

The amyloid beta-protein (A beta P), the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is derived by unknown mechanisms from a family of amyloid precursor proteins (APPs). Using a detergent extraction procedure, we have found that in brain and in neural cell lines, 50-90% of APP is bound to detergent-insoluble cytoskeleton. Labeling experiments performed in a C6 glioma cell line indicated that both cell surface and intracellular APPs are associated with the cytoskeleton. This association requires intact microtubules and is modulated by protein phosphorylation and by cell density. These findings suggest that the function of cellular APP, presently unknown, involves the cytoskeleton and particularly microtubules. The dynamic nature of the binding and its dependence on microtubules and protein phosphorylation suggest it as a possible target in AD, where abnormal cytoskeletal structures and protein phosphorylation have been reported. Altered cytoskeletal binding of APP might lead to its aberrant proteolysis and generation of the A beta P.
Using self-esteem instability to disentangle the connection between self-esteem level and perceived aggression

Recent debate has considered the connection between self-esteem and aggression. The present study attempted to clarify this association by examining the possibility that self-esteem instability moderates the association that self-esteem level has with aggression. Perceived aggression was measured in 234 (34 men and 200 women) undergraduate participants. These participants were then evaluated by 1078 friends and family members. Self-esteem instability was found to moderate the association between self-esteem level and aggression such that individuals with stable high self-esteem were viewed as being less aggressive than those with unstable high self-esteem or low self-esteem (regardless of whether their low self-esteem was stable or unstable). These findings are discussed in the context of understanding the connection between self-esteem and aggression.
Optimal Contracting for E-Mall Services

We discuss an agency model for an e-market place. When a marketplace goes from brick-and-mortar to virtual, incentive issues according to asymmetric information of e-mall providers become significant because contracting for an e-mall service can be "outcome-based." We discuss the Internet firm's incentives associated with the cost of operating an e-mall and different types of contracting policy.
The role of the American documentation institute in international documentation

The international role or international contributions of the American Documentation Institute will, in effect, be a reflection of its domestic program. This is true not only for the future but also for the past in which ADI has made notable contributions, nationally and internationally, regardless of the character of its organizational relationships.
Testing the validity of social capital measures in the study of information and communication technologies

Social capital has been considered a cause and consequence of various uses of new information and communication technologies (ICTs). However, there is a growing divergence between how social capital is commonly measured in the study of ICTs and how it is measured in other fields. This departure raises questions about the validity of some of the most widely cited studies of social capital and ICTs. We compare the Internet Social Capital Scales (ISCS) developed by Williams [2006. On and off the ’net: scales for social capital in an online era. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(2), 593–628. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00029.x] – a series of psychometric scales commonly used to measure ‘social capital’ – to established, structural measures of social capital: name, position, and resource generators. Based on a survey of 880 undergraduate students (the population to which the ISCS has been most frequently administered), we find that, unlike structural measures, the ISCS does not distinguish betwe...
Cloud Impacts on Pavement Temperature and Shortwave Radiation

AbstractForecast systems provide decision support for end users ranging from the solar energy industry to municipalities concerned with road safety. Pavement temperature is an important variable when considering vehicle response to various weather conditions. A complex relationship exists between tire and pavement temperatures that affects vehicle performance. Many forecast systems suffer from inaccurate radiation forecasts resulting in part from the inability to model different types of clouds and their influence on radiation. This research focuses on forecast improvement by determining how cloud type impacts pavement temperature and the amount of shortwave radiation reaching the surface. The study region is the Great Plains where surface radiation data were obtained from the High Plains Regional Climate Center’s Automated Weather Data Network stations. Pavement temperature data were obtained from the Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System. Cloud-type identification was possible via the Naval Res...
Racial and Gender Science Achievement Gaps in Secondary Education

A substantial disparity exists for academic achievement in science between Black and White primary-school children. A similar gap exists between boys and girls. The extent to which secondary education influences these achievement gaps has not been established. The authors report analyses showing how these science achievement gaps change as a function of secondary education. Analyses of data from a large, nationally representative longitudinal study of academic achievement showed that racial disparities and disparities associated with gender continue to increase throughout high school.
Luciferase-based protein-denaturation assay for quantification of radiofrequency field-induced targeted hyperthermia: developing an intracellular thermometer

Background: Several studies have reported targeted hyperthermia at the cellular level using remote activation of nanoparticles by radiofrequency waves. To date, methods to quantify intracellular thermal dose have not been reported. In this report we study the relationship between radio wave exposure and luciferase denaturation with and without intracellular nanoparticles. The findings are used to devise a strategy to quantify targeted thermal dose in a primary human liver cancer cell line.Methods: Water bath or non-invasive external Kanzius RF generator (600 W, 13.56 MHz) was used for hyperthermia exposures. Luciferase activity was measured using a bioluminescence assay and viability was assessed using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Heat shock proteins were analysed using western blot analysis.Results: Duration-dependent luciferase denaturation was observed in SNU449 cells exposed to RF field that preceded measurable loss in viability. Loss of luciferase activity was higher in cetuximab-con...
Cooling Orthogonally Packaged Switch Architectures

This paper presents an air and a liquid cooling solution for a specific arrangement of an orthogonal card-packaging architecture with the front-side electronics cards arranged vertically that does not rely on passing cooling air through the midplane. A front-to-back air cooling architecture concept is presented that uses a unique fan card to deliver air to the rear of the chassis, blow it across the rear-mounted switch cards and discharge it out the back. Thermal analyses show this air-cooling concept may cool up to two 200W switch cards. The liquid cooling solution that is presented further extends the switch card cooling capacity by transporting the heat to another rack location where it can be dissipated with a front-to-back airflow, thereby uncoupling the thermal and electrical packaging
The DARPA dynamic programming benchmark on a reconfigurable computer

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has released high productivity computing systems (HPCS) benchmarks as specifications of performance required to solve important problems. This work reports on the design, implementation, and benchmarking of the benchmark number two, dynamic programming (DP), as developed in a general purpose reconfigurable computer. DP methods are used to solve DNA sequencing problems. DP has been also used successfully for optimal compression of barcode and other data, for control problems such as depth vision systems, and for chess endgames, among others. Clearly, it is helpful to know the application background; however, it is more important to note the benchmark is the product of a set of applications. Nonetheless it is intended to be developed and tested in a manner that is independent of any particular application.
Genetic variants on chromosome 5p12 are associated with risk of breast cancer in African American women: the Black Women’s Health Study

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs4415084, and rs10941679 on chromosome 5p12 were associated with risk of breast cancer in a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of women of European ancestry. Both SNPs are located in a large high-LD region and the causal variant(s) are still unknown. We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of African American women to replicate and narrow the region carrying the causal variant(s). We evaluated 14 tagging SNPs in a 98 kb LD block surrounding the index SNPs in 886 breast cancer cases and 1,089 controls from the Black Women's Health Study. We used the Cochran-Armitage trend test to assess association with breast cancer risk. Odds ratios were derived from logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders including percent European admixture. We confirmed the reported association of rs4415084 SNP with overall risk of breast cancer (P = 0.06), and, as in the original study, observed a stronger association with estrogen receptor positive tumors (P = 0.03). We identified four other SNPs (rs6451770, rs12515012, rs13156930, and rs16901937) associated with risk of breast cancer at the nominal alpha value of 0.05; all of them were located in a 59 kb HapMap YRI LD block. After correction for multiple testing, the association with SNP rs16901937 remained significant (P permutated = 0.038). The G allele was associated with a 21% increased risk of breast cancer overall and with a 32% increase in tumors positive for both estrogen and progesterone receptors. The present results from an African ancestry (AA) population confirm the presence of breast cancer susceptibility genetic variants in the chromosome 5p12 region. We successfully used the shorter range of LD in our AA sample to refine the localization of the putative causal variant.
Early Flow Surface Endothelialization before Microvessel Ingrowth in Accelerated Graft Healing, with BrdU Identification of Cellular Proliferation

= 4), 8 days (n= 5), 9 days (n= 4), 10 days (n= 3), 11 days (n= 4) and 12 days (n= 3) postoperatively. Graft surfaces were evaluated for thrombus coverage, cell coverage, and the number of micro-ostia. Components and cellular types in the graft wall and on the surface were studied and characterized with H&E, histochemical, and immunocytochemical staining. BrdU labeling was also used, to identify the areas where cells were actively proliferating. All grafts were patent. Although the degree of IVC/graft attachment varied, isolated islands of endothelial-like cells were found at the midgraft areas at each time period, and immunocytochemically confirmed as endothelial cells. There were two healing patterns: (1) surface endothelialization before microvessel/tissue ingrowth from the perigraft areas, and (2) surface endothelialization with full wall microvessel and tissue presence. Surface endothelialization was observed before perigraft tissue ingrowth, indicating that fallout healing is an independent source of endothelialization for porous grafts.
Predicting Quality of Crowdsourced Image Segmentations from Crowd Behavior

Quality control (QC) is an integral part of many crowd- sourcing systems. However, popular QC methods, such as aggregating multiple annotations, filtering workers, or verifying the quality of crowd work, introduce additional costs and delays. We propose a complementary paradigm to these QC methods based on predicting the quality of submitted crowd work. In particular, we pro- pose to predict the quality of a given crowd drawing directly from a crowd worker’s drawing time, number of user clicks, and average time per user click. We focus on the task of drawing the boundary of a single object in an image. To train and test our prediction models, we collected a total of 2,025 crowd-drawn segmentations for 405 familiar everyday images and unfamiliar biomedical images from 90 unique crowd workers. We first evaluated five prediction models learned using different combinations of the three worker behavior cues for all images. Experiments revealed that time per number of user clicks was the most effective cue for predicting segmentation quality. We next inspected the predictive power of models learned using crowd annotations collected for familiar and unfamiliar data independently. Prediction models were significantly more effective for estimating the segmentation quality from crowd worker behavior for familiar image content than unfamiliar image content.
A Methodological Analysis of User Acceptance of Technology

The majority of research on user technology acceptance, e.g. technology acceptance model, focuses on individual users' beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward technology use. In this paper, we attempt to examine prior research on user technology acceptance from a methodological angle by borrowing Markus and Robey's research framework (1988). Wefind that prior studies usually take technology imperative perspective, use variance theories, and emphasize the micro level of analysis. Therefore, we propose an "emergent perspective -- process theories -- mixed level of analysis" approach to analyze user technology acceptance. From this perspective, a new model is proposed and several propositions are derived and discussed. This study draws on several prior theories and models, such as the technology acceptance model, computer self-efficacy and the task-technology fit model, but reassembles them in a novel way. The paper concludes with the research and practical implications.
Issue-Specific Opinion Change The Supreme Court and Health Care Reform

Did the Supreme Court decision in the Affordable Care Act case change public opinion about health care reform? Utilizing a multi-wave panel design with observations collected just hours before and after the Court’s decision, this study addresses macro-level questions concerning the Court’s effect on opinion about health care reform generally and the individual mandate specifically. Findings show that support for health care reform remained constant despite significant positive movement on the mandate. The panel design also allows for the analysis of micro-level change and the testing of hypotheses related to cognitive models, individual attributes, and assessments of the Court’s legitimacy. Despite some evidence of micro-level variation, the data ultimately point to a decision that induced a general, persistent, and relatively unconditional uptick in support for the provision the Court deemed constitutional
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein mediates tumor cell resistance to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the deadliest, distinct subtype of breast cancer. High expression of epidermal growth factor receptors [EGFR or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)] in IBC tumors has prompted trials of anti-EGFR/HER2 monoclonal antibodies to inhibit oncogenic signaling; however, de novo and acquired therapeutic resistance is common. Another critical function of these antibodies is to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which enables immune effector cells to engage tumors and deliver granzymes, activating executioner caspases. We hypothesized that high expression of anti-apoptotic molecules in tumors would render them resistant to ADCC. Herein, we demonstrate that the most potent caspase inhibitor, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), overexpressed in IBC, drives resistance to ADCC mediated by cetuximab (anti-EGFR) and trastuzumab (anti-HER2). Overexpression of XIAP in parental IBC cell lines enhances resistance to ADCC; conversely, targeted downregulation of XIAP in ADCC-resistant IBC cells renders them sensitive. As hypothesized, this ADCC resistance is in part a result of the ability of XIAP to inhibit caspase activity; however, we also unexpectedly found that resistance was dependent on XIAP-mediated, caspase-independent suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which otherwise occurs during ADCC. Transcriptome analysis supported these observations by revealing modulation of genes involved in immunosuppression and oxidative stress response in XIAP-overexpressing, ADCC-resistant cells. We conclude that XIAP is a critical modulator of ADCC responsiveness, operating through both caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These results suggest that strategies targeting the effects of XIAP on caspase activation and ROS suppression have the potential to enhance the activity of monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy.
Anticonvulsive and convulsive effects of lidocaine: comparison with those of phenytoin, and implications for mechanism of action concepts.

The anticonvulsive action of lidocaine was tested in mice against a series of convulsants, and its profile of action compared with that of phenytoin. Both agents antagonized seizures induced by ouabain or glutamate (injected i.c.b.), effects attributable to reduction of the sodium conductance of neuronal membranes. Lidocaine and phenytoin were relatively ineffective against convulsants that act on synaptic chloride channels via the GABA-ionophore receptor complex. At higher dose levels, both lidocaine and phenytoin are excitatory within limited ranges. Lidocaine-induced seizures were potentiated by phenytoin, and antagonized by chlordiazepoxide, phenobarbital, valproate, trimethadione and muscimol, but not by ethosuximide. This profile of action is similar to that of bicuculline, suggesting that lidocaine may bind to the GABA recognition site and to another site in the GABA-ionophore receptor complex. Phenytoin-induced excitation was antagonized by chlordiazepoxide, less effectively by phenobarbital or trimethadione, only minimally by valproate, and not by trimethadione or muscimol. Phenytoin is known to bind to picrotoxin and benzodiazepine receptor sites; these findings suggest that it may be excitatory at one or both of these sites.
Not a little lady was left

A look at dolls in nursing care in the 20th century. Editor's note: Looking Back features the work of scholars using primary-source visual and textual documents. The column seeks interesting historical photographs accompanied by brief essays that speak to each photograph's context and implications for contemporary nursing. See AJN's author guidelines at http://ajn.edmgr.com.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dendron Cross-Linked PEG Hydrogels as Corneal Adhesives

In pursuit of a wound-specific corneal adhesive, hydrogels formed by the reaction of propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, or 2-oxoethyl succinate-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a peptide-based dendritic cross-linker (Lys(3)Cys(4)) were characterized. These macromers react within minutes of mixing to form transparent and elastic hydrogels with in vitro degradation times that range from hours to months based on the type of bonds formed during the cross-linking reaction, either thiazolidine or pseudoproline. The mechanical properties of these materials, determined via parallel plate rheology, were dependent on the polymer concentration, as was the hydrogel adhesive strength, which was determined by lap shear adhesive testing. In addition, these hydrogels were efficacious in closing ex vivo 4.1 mm central corneal lacerations: wounds closed with these hydrogel adhesives were able to withstand intraocular pressure values equivalent to, or in excess of, those obtained by closing the wounds with suturing.