cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Co-2-plex vertex partitions

This paper studies co-k-plex vertex partitions and more specifically co-2-plex vertex partitions. Co-$$k$$k-plexes and $$k$$k-plexes were first introduced in 1978 in the context of social network analysis. However, the study of co-k-plex vertex partitions or decomposing a graphs into degree bounded subgraphs can be at least dated back to the work of Lovasz (Studia Sci Math Hung 1:237---238, 1966). In this paper, we derive analogues for well-known results on the chromatic number, and present two algorithms for constructing co-2-plex vertex partitions. The first algorithm minimizes the number of partition classes while the second algorithm minimizes a weighted sum of the partition classes, where the weight of a partition class depends on the level of adjacency among its vertices.
The ubiquitin-proteasome system as a critical regulator of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation.

Numerous studies have supported the idea that de novo protein synthesis is critical for synaptic plasticity and normal long-term memory formation. This requirement for protein synthesis has been shown for several different types of fear memories, exists in multiple brain regions and circuits, and is necessary for different stages of memory creation and storage. However, evidence has recently begun to accumulate suggesting that protein degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome system is an equally important regulator of memory formation. Here we review those recent findings on protein degradation and memory formation and stability and propose a model explaining how protein degradation may be contributing to various aspects of memory and synaptic plasticity. We conclude that protein degradation may be the major factor regulating many of the molecular processes that we know are important for fear memory formation and stability in the mammalian brain.
Bilateral Branch Pulmonary Artery Melody Valve Implantation for Treatment of Complex Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Dysfunction in a High-Risk Patient

Percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement is one of the most important advancements in the field of interventional cardiology in the past decade.1,2 However, currently available technologies are not applicable to patients with oversized right ventricular outflow tracts (RVOTs), especially when there is concomitant proximal branch pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis. This combination commonly is encountered in clinical practice. Our group has a longstanding interest in these complex patients, and we have recently published preclinical studies describing the feasibility and short-term effects of implanting 2 Melody valves—1 into each proximal branch PA—in an ovine model of postoperative pulmonary insufficiency and dilated RVOT.3 This report describes bilateral branch PA Melody valve implantation to treat complex RVOT dysfunction in a high-risk patient. At presentation, the patient was a 27-year-old woman with a complex medical history. Her cardiac condition was double-outlet RV with pulmonary stenosis and interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation to a left-sided superior vena cava. She was status post-Waterston shunt as an infant, with subsequent closure of the ventricular septal defect and patch augmentation of the RVOT. Three months before catheterization, the patient presented to her cardiologist with symptoms of progressive activity intolerance over the past year. She was oxygen dependent and on long-term continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Comorbidities included VATER and Klippel-Feil syndromes, renal agenesis, Mullerian agenesis, gout, and obesity. The patient had undergone multiple spinal fusion and Harrington rod procedures as well as repair of tracheoesophageal …
The Heat of Fission of Uranium

The heat produced during slow neutron bombardment in a 13.36-g sample of metallic uranium was measured on a resistance thermometer. Simultaneously the number of fissions produced in a 54-microgram layer of uranium was counted by an ionization chamber and pulse amplifier. The two uranium samples were within one cm of each other and inside the same 1.5-cm lead shield and surrounded by 5 cm of paraffin. The source of neutrons was the Princeton cyclotron, using the Be-H reaction at 6.5 Mev. The 54-microgram layer gave 40.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 alpha-particles per min. into $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ solid angle and under slow neutron bombardment gave about 340 fissions per min. At the same time the heat output from the 13-gram sample was 40 microwatts. A method of calculation was developed that allows for the transient effects of fluctuations in the neutron output of the cyclotron. The weighted average of 13 runs, after various corrections that together amount to 3.8 percent, is 177 Mev per fission. The average deviation from this figure was 5 Mev and the result is believed to have a probable error of about 1 percent. The actual kinetic energy of recoil carried by the fission fragments is about 12 Mev less than this, \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50 percent, depending upon more precise knowledge of the fission mechanism.
Large critical current density in neutron-irradiated polycrystalline HgBa2CuO4+ delta.

The effects of neutron irradiation on the superconducting properties of HgBa[sub 2]CuO[sub 4+[delta]] are reported. Enhancements in the magnetization critical current density ([ital J][sub [ital c]]), as calculated by the Bean model, vary with magnetic field and temperature and range from 1--2 orders of magnitude. Large values ([ital J][sub [ital c]][gt]10[sup 4] A/cm[sup 2]) are obtained above (0.5 T, 77 K) and (3 T, 50 K) after irradiation. A large shift in the irreversi- bility line toward higher field and temperature is also reported. These results demonstrate that HgBa[sub 2]CuO[sub 4+[delta]] is not intrinsically limited to low current density and may become a technologically important compound.
Maternal Education and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in New York City, 1999–2001: The Effect of Race/Ethnicity and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status

To examine the association between maternal education and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and whether this association differs by maternal race/ethnicity and neighborhood socio-economic status (SES). A sample of 56,911 New York City births between 1999 and 2001 was used. Self-reported EGWG was defined as gaining >40 pounds. Maternal education and race/ethnicity were obtained from birth record data. Neighborhood SES was determined from 2000 US Census data. Women with a high school [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.21; 95 % CI 1.10–1.32] and some college (PR = 1.33; 95 % CI 1.21–1.47) education were more likely to gain excessive weight during pregnancy than their counterparts with less than a high school education. Having a college or more education was associated with a decreased EGWG for non-Hispanic white women (PR = 0.81; 95 % CI 0.67–0.96) but an increased EGWG for Hispanic women (PR = 1.25; 95 % CI 1.12–1.44). EGWG increased for women with a college or more education in medium and low SES neighborhoods (1.26; 95 % CI 1.04–1.53 and 1.20; 95 % CI 1.10–1.30, respectively); whereas a college or more education was not significant in the high SES neighborhoods. Our findings suggest that maternal education is associated with EGWG. However, this association depends on race/ethnicity and SES of the neighborhood of residence.
Free flap expansion using balloon‐assisted endoscopic technique

Pre-expansion of free flaps augments flap size dimensions and provides delay of tissue by opening "choke" vessels, thus augmenting the territories of adjacent angiosomes. Pre-expansion of free tissue transfers has been used for reconstruction of large soft tissue defects. A secondary benefit is that the donor site, traditionally treated by skin graft, can be closed primarily. Using conventional techniques for free flap pre-expansion, blunt dissection may risk injury to the pedicle. Using balloon dissectors a large optical cavity can be created quickly through an avascular fascial cleft. This allows endoscopic exploration of the optical cavity and confirmation of placement of the tissue expander. In addition, balloon-assisted endoscopic tissue expander placement optimizes the hysteresis effect of skin stretching and offers the possibility of immediate fluid inflation, which ultimately shortens the time for free flap expansion prior to microsurgical transfer.
Ceramic Powders From Laser Driven Reactions

A process for synthesizing Si, Si 3 N 4 and SiC powders from laser heated gas phase reactants has been developed and modelled. The superior process control and the inherent process attributes achievable with laser heating permits powders having nearly ideal characteristics to be produced. Projected manufacturing costs for this process indicate that resulting powders should be lower in cost than conventional powders.
A template polynomial approach for image processing and visual recognition

Abstract A polynomial approach to the representation of gray images for machine vision is described. An algebraic system is developed where a polynomial in two variables with real coefficients represents a gray image and it is shown that most of the standard image processing tasks like smoothing, edge detection, rotation and magnification can be done by operating certain polynomials called template polynomials. This method is also applied to connected component labelling, shape decomposition, template matching, and the skeletonization of a gray image without a priori thresholding. A technique is developed to decompose a template and do parallel processing.
Can Nature Drive Economic Growth

The conditions that lead to successful economic development are diverse and place sensitive. Recent research supports the notion that there is a correlation between the presence of natural amenities and rural economic development. This case explores the situation of a rural county that is faced with constrained development options as a result of a significant federal footprint on the county's land area. The actions of the federal agencies managing the resources impact the economic vitality of the region. Two issues currently under review challenge the county to think critically about its potential for using nature as an economic development tool.
Living donor surgery: overview of surgical and anesthesia issues

The person who gives consent to be a live organ donor should be competent, willing to donate, free from coercion, medically and psychosocially suitable, fully informed of the risks and benefits as a donor, and fully informed of the risks, benefits, and alternative treatment available to the recipient. Donors should not be called on to donate in clinically hopeless situations. The benefits to both donor and recipient must outweigh the risks associated with the donation and transplantation of the living donor organ [1]. Despite the increased awareness of organ donation possibilities in the general population, cadaveric organ donation has fallen short of the identified needs. Each year a significant number of patients awaiting transplantation die (Table 1), and the death rates per 1000 patient years at risk reflect the limitations of bridging strategies and treatments, especially for patients with end-stage liver, heart, lung, and intestinal diseases. Because of these shortages, considerable debate has arisen over strategies to expand the donor pool. Options to improve the supply of organs include the use of cadaveric, marginal and cadaveric split-organ grafts, and non-heart beating donors (also called ‘‘donation after cardiac death’’), when appropriate. Living donors, first used in kidney transplantation, potentially offer a source of organs for transplantation at an earlier stage of disease and in acute situations. The ethical dilemmas that surround living donor transplantation are many but primarily involve the appropriateness of donation for a given disease or recipient, and risks of morbidity and especially mortality for the donor. Although it is used primarily for kidney and liver transplantation, living donation for lung, pancreas, intestinal and heart transplantations are the result of continued efforts to improve survival in those with end-stage solid organ disease. In fact, in regions where
PERFORMANCE SUITABILITY AND ROLE AGREEMENT, TWO FACTORS RELATED TO ATTITUDES

Summary It was the purpose of this investigation to examine the significance of the perceptions of incumbents on jobs regarding 1) how they did their work (Report of Performance), 2) how they thought their work should be done (Perceived True Requirements), and 3) how they thought their immediate supervisor wanted the work to be done (Perceived Supervisor's Requirements). It was predicted at the beginning of the study that different patterns of consistency and inconsistency among these three perceptions would be related to attitudes of the incumbents regarding themselves, their work, and their supervisors. The predictions worked out very much as expected, especially when the Perceived True Requirements were compared with the Perceived Supervisor's Requirements. This score is called “Role Agreement”, referring to the subject's report that the role requirements he has for the job agree with what he believes his supervisor requires. Subjects scoring high on Role Agreement rated their supervisors high. They also felt that they were free from pressure from their supervisors to do things the supervisor's way, and that they understood what their supervisors expected of them. They tended to be satisfied by their work and to see in it an opportunity to show what they could do. On the other hand, high Role Agreement had nothing to do with how a man rated his own work, or his basic qualifications to do the work. These attitudes were closely related to the amount of agreement between Perceived True Requirements and Report of Performance, called “Performance Suitability”. That is, people who reported that they were doing the job the way they thought it should be done tended to rate their work and their abilities high, and to derive satisfaction from their work. They felt also that their supervisors would rate their work high. A third comparison was made involving the Report of Performance and Perceived Supervisor's Requirements. To score high on this measure, a person reported that what he was actually doing was in line with what he believed his supervisor required of him. High scorers tended to rate high both their supervisor and their understanding of his requirements, and they tended to be satisfied with their work. The relationships between this type of agreement and positive attitudes were less pronounced than the others, and, in the case of over-all job satisfaction, disappeared when the effects of Role Agreement and Performance Suitability were partialed out. The results lead to the hypothesis that the two orientations, Role Agreement and Performance Suitability, are independent, and each contributes to general satisfaction and to specific job attitudes. If this hypothesis is true, much of the difficulty in finding clear-cut relations between gross measures of job satisfaction, and other variables such as productivity, and supervisory ratings may be explained.
Model-predicted effects of fuel droplet diameter and O2 addition in strained, opposed-flow, non-premixed, multicomponent, hydrocarbon flames

Abstract As the use of alternative fuels increases, it is increasingly important to understand the influence of chemical and physical properties on flame behavior. The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of adding O 2 to the fuel side of opposed-flow diffusion flames, where the multicomponent fuel is delivered as liquid droplets of varying diameter. The approach is based on the computational simulation of ideal opposed-flow stagnation flames with a separation distance of 5 mm between the fuel and air inlets. The fuel composition is a mixture of n-heptane, n-dodecane, and n-hexadecane, which is selected to represent a Fischer–Tropsch fuel. Gas-phase chemical kinetics is modeled using a reduced, but detailed, reaction mechanism containing 196 species. The influence of the finite vaporization rate is evaluated by comparing predictions with pre-vaporized fuel to those with monodispersed initial fuel droplet diameters of 20 and 30 μm. The effects of O 2 in the fuel stream are assessed using simulations with 0%, 5% or 10% O 2 incorporated into the N 2 carrier gas. In all cases the pressure is 10 atm, the inlet gases are at 950 K, the droplets are initially at room temperature, and the inlet velocities of the fuel droplets and carrier gas is 1 m s −1 . The fuel loading is adjusted to achieve an overall equivalence ratio of unity. The predictions illustrate substantially different behavior under different conditions; these differences can be related to the time available for fuel vapor to react with the premixed O 2 .
An Integrated Dynamic Voltage Restorer-Ultracapacitor Design for Improving Power Quality of the Distribution Grid

Cost of various energy storage technologies is decreasing rapidly and the integration of these technologies into the power grid is becoming a reality with the advent of smart grid. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is one product that can provide improved voltage sag and swell compensation with energy storage integration. Ultracapacitors (UCAP) have low-energy density and high-power density ideal characteristics for compensation of voltage sags and voltage swells, which are both events that require high power for short spans of time. The novel contribution of this paper lies in the integration of rechargeable UCAP-based energy storage into the DVR topology. With this integration, the UCAP-DVR system will have active power capability and will be able to independently compensate temporary voltage sags and swells without relying on the grid to compensate for faults on the grid like in the past. UCAP is integrated into dc-link of the DVR through a bidirectional dc–dc converter, which helps in providing a stiff dc-link voltage, and the integrated UCAP-DVR system helps in compensating temporary voltage sags and voltage swells, which last from 3 s to 1 min. Complexities involved in the design and control of both the dc–ac inverter and the dc–dc converter are discussed. The simulation model of the overall system is developed and compared to the experimental hardware setup.
Resolution of ionic components of late winter arctic aerosols

Abstract A total of 69 size fractionated aerosol samples was taken day and night, 16 March–6 May 1986, in Barrow, Alaska, during the AGASP-II project in order to identify components of the Arctic haze and their likely sources. Samples were taken sequentially, 12 ionic species in the samples were measured, and multivariate principal component analysis was used to resolve different components. The samples were analyzed by ion chromatography for SO 2− 4 , Cl − , Br − , NO − 3 , methanesulfonate, formate, acetate, propionate, pyruvate, K + , Na + and NH + 4 . The temporal variabilities in measured concentrations were fit to a linear physical mixing model by principal component analysis of the data. Coarse and fine aerosol components exhibited both similarities and differences. Most of the coarse concentration variability is described by three components that explain 80% of total variance in the data set: sea salt contaminated with non-sea salt (nss) SO 2− 4 and nss K + , a carboxylic acid anion component and a component containing most of Br − 3 , NO 3 − and methanesulfonate. Ion balances between cations and anions in all three components are close to neutrality, consistent with these components being internally mixed aerosols. The large amounts of nss K + in the first coarse component suggest a combustion origin at lower latitudes. The second component consists of carboxylic acid anions and some sea salt, and may represent reaction between the acids and sea salt. The third component of Br − , NO − 3 and methanesulfonate could be the product of gas phase reactions of marine organic compounds. Some independent aerosol occurrences, consisting of seven coarse samples of highest acetate and sea salt concentrations, is identified by the combination of linear regression and absolute principal component analysis (APCA) and does not belong to the communality of the rest of the data. In the fine fraction four components explain 86% of total variance in the data set, with compositions that differ somewhat from their coarse fraction counterparts. The first component is mainly a mixture of carboxylic acid anions with additional NH + 4 and Na + , which resembles the second coarse component in composition. The second is a contaminated sea salt component similar in composition to the contaminated sea salt in the coarse fraction. However, it contains smaller amounts of nss SO 2− 4 and is not as deficient in Cl − . The third component is defined and contains most of the Br − , NO − 3 and methanesulfonate, and has a similar composition to the third coarse component. The fourth component is mainly nss SO 2− 4 plus significant amounts of NO − 3 and NH + 4 .
High purity specimens of URu2Si2 produced by a molten metal flux technique

We report a molten metal flux technique to produce high purity specimens of URuSi. Magnetic susceptibility (), heat capacity () and electrical resistivity () measurements show that the bulk properties of these crystals are similar to those that are produced by the Czochralski technique followed by solid-state electro-transport. In particular, we find residual resistivity ratios RRR / as large as 220.
On a strategy of serial identification with collective compensation for multiple gross error estimation in linear steady-state reconciliation

This article presents a serial identification with collective size estimation strategy for multiple gross errors in linear steady-state data reconciliation. With use of the theory of gross error equivalency (Bagajewicz, M.; Jiang, Q. Comput. Chem. Eng. 1998, in press), an effective strategy for leak detection is also presented. The issue of exact identification of gross errors is discussed, and the conversion of gross error sizes between any two equivalent sets is formulated. Finally, the proposed strategy is tested and compared with existing approaches.
Commercial hickory-smoke flavouring is a human lymphoblast mutagen but does not induce lung adenomas in newborn mice

Commercial aqueous wood-smoke flavouring induced significant increases in the 6-thioguanine resistance mutation frequency of TK6 human lymphoblasts at 0.1 microliter flavouring/ml of cell suspension. This corresponds to 6 micrograms/ml of dissolved 'solids' as determined by fully drying the aqueous flavouring in a vacuum desiccator. In AHH-1 human lymphoblasts, which contain a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system, mutations were induced at 0.3 microliter/ml, corresponding to 18 microliters/ml of dissolved 'solids'. The flavouring did not induce 8-azaguanine resistant mutations in Salmonella typhimurium at concentrations up to 1.5 microliter/ml. At higher concentrations the flavouring was toxic to bacteria. The flavouring did not induce lung adenomas or other tumours in newborn mice when injected ip with total doses of up to 26 microliters over a 3-wk period. Toxicity to the kidney, colon and rectum was observed in some mice at 15 wk of age.
Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic antioxidant compounds from peanut skins

Abstract A microwave-assisted extraction system was used to extract phenolic antioxidants from peanut skins. The effects of microwave power (10%, 50%, 90% nominal), irradiation time (30, 90, 150 s) and sample mass (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 g) on total phenolic content (TPC), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) level and resveratrol content of peanut skin extracts (PSE) were investigated. Peanut skins were extracted with 37.5 ml of 30% ethanol (EtOH) in water. A response surface method was used to estimate optimum extraction conditions, based on TPC, ORAC level and resveratrol content. The maximum predicted TPC, under the optimised conditions (90% microwave power, 30 s irradiation time and 1.5 g skins), was 143.6 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g skins. The highest ORAC value was 2789 μmol trolox equivalents (TE)/g skins, which occurred at 90% power, 150 s and 1.5 g of skins. Resveratrol was identified in PSE by LC–MS–MS analysis.
All together now: The circular organization in a university Hospital. Part II. Implementation

The first part of this two-part series described the initial impetus driving a university hospital's planned change project, the planning process itself, and the interventions that were identified to meet our goals. This article describes and discusses the interventions—the implementation of our version of Ackoff's circular organization and issues related to barriers, selected outcomes, the change process, evaluation, and the project's significance to nursing.
Conversion—temperature—property relationships in thermosetting systems: Property hysteresis due to microcracking of an epoxy/amine thermoset—glass fiber composite

A single specimen of an epoxy/amine thermoset-glass fiber composite was examined, using a freely oscillating torsion pendulum operating at ∼ 1 Hz, for different conversions (as measured by T g ) from T g0 = 0°C to T gx = 184°C during cooling and heating temperature scans. T g was increased for successive pairs of scans by heating to higher and higher temperatures. The data were used in two ways:(i) vs. temperature for a fixed conversion to obtain transitions, modulus, and mechanical loss data, and (ii) by crossplotting to obtain isothermal values of the mechanical parameters vs. conversion (T g ). Hysteresis between cooling and subsequent heating data was observed in temperature scans of essentially ungelled material (T g < 70°C) and was attributed to spontaneous microcracking. Hysteresis was analyzed in terms of the following three parameters: T crack , the temperature corresponding to the onset of microcracking on cooling; T heal, the temperature at which the specimen heals on subsequent heating; and the difference between isothermal cooling and heating data vs. conversion. Results were incorporated into a more general conversion-temperature-property diagram which serves as a framework for relating transitions (relaxations) to macroscopic behavior.
Ordered Assembly of the ESCRT-III Complex on Endosomes Is Required to Sequester Cargo during MVB Formation

The sequential action of the Vps27/HRS complex, ESCRT-I, -II, and -III is required to sort ubiquitinated transmembrane proteins to the lumen of lysosomes via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. While Vps27/HRS, ESCRT-I, and -II are recruited to endosomes as preformed complexes, the ESCRT-III subunits Vps20, Snf7, Vps24, and Vps2 only assemble into a complex on endosomes. We have addressed the pathway and the regulation for ESCRT-III assembly. Our findings indicate the ordered assembly of a transient 450 kDa ESCRT-III complex on endosomes. Despite biochemical and structural similarity, each subunit contributes a specific function. Vps20 nucleates transient oligomerization of Snf7, which appears to sequester MVB cargo. Vps24 terminates Snf7 oligomerization by recruiting Vps2, which subsequently engages the AAA-ATPase Vps4 to dissociate ESCRT-III. We propose that the ordered assembly and disassembly of ESCRT-III delineates an MVB sorting domain to sequester cargo and complete the last steps of MVB sorting.
The Palestine Papers, 1943-1947

This article discusses the evolution of the policy of the United States towards Palestine in the critical years 1943-47, as reflected in the published volumes of the Foreign Relations of the United States for the years in question. 1 This period coincided with the writer's service in the Near East Division of the State Department, first as Palestine desk officer and later as Assistant Chief. Although the writer's actual period of service was from mid-November 1943 to lateJanuary 1947, it has seemed more logical to carry the story from May 1943 (first statement of a formal US attitude regarding Palestine) on to February 1947 (British decision to refer the Palestine question to the United Nations). The objective will be, taking the published papers, to identify a few main themes running through them and to offer some personal interpretation with a view to providing a rounded picture. Looking at the printed papers as a whole, a few general observations can be made. In the first place, although there are clearly some omissions, the treatment of events appears to be quite full. Indeed in retrospect it is surprising that a handful of officers, working under difficult wartime and post-war conditions, should have achieved so large an output and still have kept up with their daily tasks. Another point that strikes the reader, and serves to make the documents look somewhat dated, is the frequency of references to the new world organization in terms that imply considerable optimism as to the ability of the United Nations to solve disputes an optimism that in many ways has not been borne out. The unconventional way in which the Palestine question was sometimes handled by our government is revealed by the fact that some of the key docu-
Radiation-Hardened Complementary MOS Using SiO2 Gate Insulators

This paper reports the results of a study in which commercially-proven metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) processes are modified to provide radiation-hardened complementary MOS (CMOS) circuits. Typical silicon-dioxide (SiO2) gateinsulator processes are used, in conjunction with chromium doping, to fabricate hardened MOS capacitors, n and p channel transistors, and CMOS inverter circuits. The resulting CMOS circuits exhibit excellent electrical and performance characteristics and stability, while accumulating more than 107 rads(Si) ionizing-radiation dose, under worst-case conditions. Observable radiation effects are essentially independent of static bias and are minimum under normal, dynamic operating conditions. The approach is not only compatible with commercial SiO2 processes but appears adaptable to dielectric-isolation, such as silicon-on-sapphire (SOS). Hence, the demonstrated technology represents a "breakthrough" in the development of cost-effective, stable CMOS devices for use in advanced military systems.
Solving Satisfiability using Decomposition and the Most Constrained Subproblem (Preliminary Report)

Abstract Abstract In this paper we provide SAT-solving procedures that use the idea of decomposition together with the heuristic of solving the most constrained subproblem first. We present two approaches. We provide an algorithm to find the most constrained subproblem of a prepositional SAT problem in polynomial time. We use this algorithm iteratively to decompose a SAT problem into partitions. We also provide a polynomial-time algorithm that uses the idea of minimum vertex separators iteratively to provide different decompositions. We show how to solve SAT problems, using these algorithms to emphasize solving the most constrained subproblem first.
Transient electrophoresis of an arbitrarily oriented cylinder

Abstract An exact solution is obtained for the electrophoretic response of an infinite cylinder due to an unsteady electric field. The case treated is that of an insulating circular cylinder, with a diameter much larger than the Debye length, the axis of which is arbitrarily oriented with respect to the applied field. In particular, the motion due to a sudden application of a constant electric field is determined.
Evaluating irrigation applied and nitrogen leached using different smart irrigation technologies on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)

Irrigation technologies (i.e., automatic timer, automatic timer with rain sensor, automatic timer with soil water sensor (SWS), and evapotranspiration (ET) control- ler) were compared in a bahiagrass plot study by measuring irrigation applied, water volumes drained, and NO3-N and NH4-N leached. All irrigation technologies were scheduled to irrigate on Sunday and Thursday. Three different irri- gation depths were evaluated with the automatic timer: 15, 19, and 32 mm. SWS treatment allowed scheduled irriga- tion if soil water content was estimated to be below 70 % of water holding capacity, while the ET treatment allowed scheduled irrigation if soil water content was estimated to be below 50 % of plant available water. The rain sensor, SWS, and ET controller treatments applied significantly less water (p \ 0.05) than the automatic timer treatment (which irrigates on specific days and times without regard to system conditions), reducing water by 17-49, 64-75, and 66-70 %, respectively. NO3-N and NH4-N were only significantly different after the second fertilizer application, which coincided with the 32 mm per event irrigation rate for the automatic timer treatment. Under these conditions, the automatic timer treatment had sig- nificantly greater NO3-N and NH4-N leachate than other treatments due to greater occurrence of soil water content exceeding water holding capacity, which resulted in drainage. Findings suggest that water can be saved using rain sensors, SWSs, or ET controllers and that leachate NO3-N and NH4-N can be reduced using rain sensors, SWSs, or ET controllers.
Contemporary Approaches to Pharmacotherapy in Tourettes Syndrome and Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder

TOPIC Contemporary approaches used in the pharmacological treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome or obsessive-compulsive disorder. BACKGROUND Tourette's syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) now are recognized as more common than previously believed. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence that these two disorders may share common neurobiological underpinnings. Nonetheless, pharmacologic approaches to treatment may be quite different. SOURCES Using recently published information, this paper reviews current treatment for TS and OCD. CONCLUSION There have been major advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of OCD and TS. These advances provides guidance for the treatment of children and adolescents with these disorders. However, additional research is needed to refine current treatment approaches.
“Shattering culture”: perspectives on cultural competence and evidence-based practice in mental health services

The concept of culture as an analytic concept has increasingly been questioned by social scientists, just as health care institutions and clinicians have increasingly routinized concepts and uses of culture as means for improving the quality of care for racial and ethnic minorities. This paper examines this tension, asking whether it is possible to use cultural categories to develop evidenced-based practice guidelines in mental health services when these categories are challenged by the increasing hyperdiversity of patient populations and newer theories of culture that question direct connection between group-based social identities and cultural characteristics. Anthropologists have grown concerned about essentializing societies, yet unequal treatment on the basis of cultural, racial, or ethnic group membership is present in medicine and mental health care today. We argue that discussions of culture-patients' culture and the "culture of medicine"-should be sensitive to the risk of improper stereotypes, but should also be sensitive to the continuing significance of group-based discrimination and the myriad ways culture shapes clinical presentation, doctor-patient interactions, the illness experience, and the communication of symptoms. We recommend that mental health professionals consider the local contexts, with greater appreciation for the diversity of lived experience found among individual patients. This suggests a nuanced reliance on broad cultural categories of racial, ethnic, and national identities in evidence-based practice guidelines.
Spectrum and Nonrelativistic Limit of a Bethe-Salpeter Equation

The eigenvalue spectrum of the relativistic two-body equation introduced by Wick is investigated in detail for arbitrary binding energy. It is verified that for any nonzero binding energy there is a complete discrete spectrum of allowed coupling constants and that this spectrum is labeled by the four quantum numbers $n$, $l$, $m$, and $\ensuremath{\kappa}$. In the limit of zero binding energy, it is shown that all eigenvalues tend to zero. The set of coupling constants with $\ensuremath{\kappa}=0$ correspond best to the Balmer formula. The wave functions are also investigated with respect to certain proposed boundary conditions and are compared with the nonrelativistic hydrogen atom wave functions. Again it is found that all states with $\ensuremath{\kappa}=0$ correspond best to the nonrelativistic states, but that the "spurious" states with $\ensuremath{\kappa}g0$ are not unacceptable. Possible generalizations of these results are discussed.
O22 - Asian Americans demonstrate optimal compliance in CDC recommended pediatric vaccine schedule: implication of immunisation in autism causal inference

Results Recipients were Whites/Caucasians, 1,917 (32.7%), Blacks/ African Americans (AA), 2904 (49.5%), Asian, 134 (2.3%), Hawaiian native /Pacific Islander,4 (0.1%), American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN),9(0.2%), and some other race, 727(12.4%). There was overall 92.3% compliance to the recommended schedule. A significant racial variability in MMR as well as HBV were observed, Asian (98.5%), AA (98.4%) and Caucasian (97.1%), c 2 (7)=20.6, p=0.01, and Asians (99.3%), AA(94%) and Caucasian (98.7%), c 2 (7)=23.9, p=0.001 respectively. Asians demonstrated highest compliance in the receipt of varicella (Asians [99.3%], AA [98.6%], and Caucasian [97.1%], c 2 (7)=18.7, p=0.01, and toxoid poliovirus (Asians [100%], AA [99.4%] and Caucasian [99%], c 2 (7)=12.3, p=0.09. Asians (97.0%) relative to AA (93.1%) and Caucasian (91%) demonstrated the highest compliance in all vaccines combined, c 2 (7) =24.5, p=0.001. Caucasians and AA, relative to Asians were 69% (Odds ratio [OR]=0.42, 95% CI, 0.15-1.14, and 58%, (OR=0.31, 95%CI, 0.11-0.85) less likely to adhere to the CDC schedule respectively. However, multivariable model indicated insignificant racial disparities between Asians and Caucasians, adjusted OR, 0.45, 99%CI, 0.08-1.11.
Reorthogonalization for the Golub---Kahan---Lanczos bidiagonal reduction

The Golub---Kahan---Lanczos (GKL) bidiagonal reduction generates, by recurrence, the matrix factorization of $$X \in \mathbb{R }^{m \times n}, m \ge n$$ , given by $$\begin{aligned} X = UBV^T \end{aligned}$$ where $$U \in \mathbb{R }^{m \times n}$$ is left orthogonal, $$V \in \mathbb{R }^{n \times n}$$ is orthogonal, and $$B \in \mathbb{R }^{n \times n}$$ is bidiagonal. When the GKL recurrence is implemented in finite precision arithmetic, the columns of $$U$$ and $$V$$ tend to lose orthogonality, making a reorthogonalization strategy necessary to preserve convergence of the singular values. The use of an approach started by Simon and Zha (SIAM J Sci Stat Comput, 21:2257---2274, 2000) that reorthogonalizes only one of the two left orthogonal matrices $$U$$ and $$V$$ is shown to be very effective by the results presented here. Supposing that $$V$$ is the matrix reorthogonalized, the reorthogonalized GKL algorithm proposed here is modeled as the Householder Q---R factorization of $$\left( \begin{array}{c} 0_{n \times k} \\ X V_k \end{array}\right) $$ where $$V_k = V(:,1:k)$$ . That model is used to show that if $$\varepsilon _M $$ is the machine unit and $$\begin{aligned} \bar{\eta }= \Vert \mathbf{tril }(I-V^T\!~V)\Vert _F, \end{aligned}$$ where $$\mathbf{tril }(\cdot )$$ is the strictly lower triangular part of the contents, then: (1) the GKL recurrence produces Krylov spaces generated by a nearby matrix $$X + \delta X$$ , $$\Vert \delta X\Vert _F = \mathcal O (\varepsilon _M + \bar{\eta }) \Vert X\Vert _F$$ ; (2) singular values converge in the Lanczos process at the rate expected from the GKL algorithm in exact arithmetic on a nearby matrix; (3) a new proposed algorithm for recovering leading left singular vectors produces better bounds on loss of orthogonality and residual errors.
Effects of Perceived Attractiveness and Feminist Orientation on Helping Behavior

Abstract In a field experiment (N = 80), helping behavior was examined as a function of a female confederate's level of physical attractiveness, perceived feminist orientation, and the legitimacy of her request for assistance. Results indicated that persons helped more when a request was legitimate regardless of the confederate's appearance or political orientation. In a normatively ambiguous situation, however, persons helped an attractive feminist significantly less than a traditional-looking woman. When the feminist was unattractive, her political orientation did not influence rates of helping. These findings were interpreted in terms of the greater interpersonal reactions, both positive and negative, engendered by attractive American women.
Selenium and mercury molar ratios in saltwater fish from New Jersey: Individual and species variability complicate use in human health fish consumption advisories

Balancing risk versus benefits to humans and other organisms from consuming fish is a national concern in the USA, as well as in many other parts of the world. Protecting public health is both a federal and state responsibility, and states respond by issuing fish consumption advisories, particularly for mercury. Recently it has been emphasized that the protective role of selenium against mercury toxicity depends on their molar ratios, which should be evaluated as an indication of selenium's protective capacity, and incorporated in risk assessments for fish consumption. However, there is no single “protective” ratio agreed upon. In this paper we examine the selenium:mercury (Se:Hg) molar ratios in a wide range of saltwater fish caught and eaten by recreational fishers along the New Jersey coast. We were particularly interested in interspecific and intraspecific variability, and whether the molar ratios were consistent within a species, allowing for its use in managing risk. The selenium–mercury molar ratio showed significant variation among and within fish species. The molar ratio decreased with the size of the fish species, decreased with the mercury levels, and within a fish species, the selenium:mercury ratio decreased with fish size. As an essential element, selenium undergoes some homeostatic regulation, but it is also highly toxic. Within species, mercury level tends to increase with size, accounting for the negative relationship between size and ratio. This variability may make it difficult to use the selenium:mercury molar ratio in risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication at this time, and more information is needed on how mercury and selenium actually interact and on the relationship between the molar ratios and health outcomes.
Value of delayed hypointensity and delayed enhancing rim in magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic utility of delayed hypointensity and delayed enhancing rim on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as indicators of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in arterially enhancing nodules ≤5 cm in the cirrhotic liver and determine the features that best predict HCC. Materials and Methods: Gadolinium-enhanced MRI studies performed from January 2001 to December 2004 in patients with cirrhosis were evaluated for arterially enhancing nodules measuring ≤5 cm. Verification was via explant correlation, biopsy, or imaging follow-up. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic features of HCC were calculated. Features predictive of HCC were determined using the Generalized Estimating Equation approach. Results: In all, 116 arterially enhancing nodules were identified in 80 patients (<2 cm: n = 79, 2–5 cm n = 37). Sensitivity and specificity of delayed hypointensity for HCC measuring ≤5 cm, 2–5 cm, and <2 cm were 0.54 (40 of 74) and 0.86 (36 of 42); 0.72 (23 of 32) and 0.80 (4 of 5); and 0.41 (17 of 42) and 0.87 (32 of 37). For the delayed enhancing rim sensitivity and specificity were 0.64 (47 of 74) and 0.86 (36 of 42); 0.75 (24 of 32) and 1.0 (5 of 5); and 0.55 (23 of 42) and 0.83 (31 of 37), respectively. Lesion size (≥2 cm) and delayed enhancing rim, as main features and their interaction, were the most significant predictors of HCC. Conclusion: Delayed hypointensity and enhancing rim improve the specificity of diagnosis of HCC of all sizes but are seen less frequently in small (<2 cm) HCC. Nodule size (≥2 cm) and delayed enhancing rim are the strongest predictors of HCC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:360–366. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mixed State Entanglement of Assistance and the Generalized Concurrence

We consider the maximum bipartite entanglement that can be distilled from a single copy of a multipartite mixed entangled state, where we focus mostly on $(d\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}d\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n)$-dimensional tripartite mixed states. We show that this assisted entanglement, when measured in terms of the generalized concurrence (called the $G$ concurrence), is (tightly) bounded by an entanglement monotone, which we call the $G$ concurrence of assistance. The $G$ concurrence is one of the possible generalizations of the concurrence to higher dimensions, and for pure bipartite states it measures the geometric mean of the Schmidt numbers. For a large (nontrivial) class of $(d\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}d)$-dimensional mixed states, we are able to generalize Wootters' formula for the concurrence into lower and upper bounds on the $G$ concurrence. Moreover, we have found an explicit formula for the $G$ concurrence of assistance that generalizes the expression for the concurrence of assistance for a large class of $(d\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}d\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n)$-dimensional tripartite pure states.
The Effect of Group Size on Attitudes Toward Microcomputers

The attitudes of learning handicapped and nonhandicapped students toward microcomputers and their preference for working alone or with a partner was examined. Twenty learning handicapped and 20 nonhandicapped boys from upper elementary grades participated for 10 minutes, three times per week for a 4-week period on a microcomputer mathematics problem-solving task. Each student worked alone, with a handicapped partner, and with a nonhandicapped partner. Children were asked about their preference for working by themselves or in a dyad prior to and following the microcomputer experience. Attitudes toward computers were assessed as well in an exit interview. Results indicated that a majority of both handicapped and nonhandicapped students enjoyed working at the computer. For learning handicapped students, there were significant changes in group size preference from pretest to posttest: A majority of students preferred to work alone prior to the study, but a majority stated they preferred to work with a partner...
Forest Succession and Grazing in William Cameron Park, an Urban Natural Area in Waco, Texas

Abstract William Cameron Park is a 166 ha civic park located at the confluence of the Brazos and Bosque Rivers in Waco, Texas. During the pre-settlement period (first contact—1849), an oak-red cedar forest flourished on the ridge-top. In the early settlement phase (1849–1910), villagers cleared much of the ridge-top for logging and later for grazing. During the late settlement period (1910–present-day), vegetative cover increased markedly after the dedication of Cameron Park released ridge-top pastures. This release event resulted in delayed and differential regeneration of forest cover, first in Juniperus spp. and then in broadleaved species. Regeneration of deciduous species not only occurred after that of Juniperus spp. but initially followed historic fence-lines. Broadleaf species moved into the interiors of former pastures only within the last few decades, first in species such as Ulmus crassifolia and Quercus sinuata and later in Fraxinus texensis. The oldest ridge-top trees were Quercus fusiformis,...