cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid-induced hypertension

Glucocorticoid-induced hypertension is a common clinical problem that is poorly understood, thus rendering treatment strategies sub-optimal. This form of hypertension has been commonly thought to be mediated by excess sodium and water reabsorption by the renal mineralocorticoid receptor. However, experimental and clinical data in both humans and animal models suggest important roles for the glucocorticoid receptor as well, in both the pathogenesis and maintenance of this hypertension. The glucocorticoid receptor is widely expressed in a number of organ systems relevant to blood pressure regulation, including the kidney, the brain and the vasculature. In vitro studies in isolated kidney tissues as well as in vascular smooth muscle and vascular endothelial cells have attempted to elucidate the molecular physiology of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension, but have generally been limited by the inability to study signaling pathways in an intact organism. More recently, the power of mouse genetics has been employed to examine the tissue-specific contributions of vascular and extra-vascular tissues to this form of hypertension. Here we review recent developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension.
Sentinel headaches in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: implications for patient management

Sentinel headaches in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: implications for patient management
Len Kleinrock: The Theory of Packets [Computing Conversations]

Len Kleinrock describes his path to packet networks. The first Web extra at http://youtu.be/Tb3sbXOyxWI is an audio recording of Charles Severance's Computing Conversations column, in which he discusses his interview with Len Kleinrock about his early work on packet networks. The second Web extra at http://youtu.be/qsgrtrwydjw is video segment of Charles Severance's interview with Len Kleinrock about his early work on packet networks.
Low-temperature d.c. transport in anisotropic dirty thin dielectric films

A theory of low-temperature ohmic dc transport in dirty 2D quasi-one dimensional electronic crystals, such as charge-density wave (CDWs) thin films, is presented. At low temperatures we find that Efros-Shklovskii (ES) variable-range hopping (VRH) laws dominate the transport. At the lowest energies of the problem we find a usual impurity-independent linear Coulomb-gap (CG), g(e) e, in the single particle density of states. An ES law for the resistivity follows with the usual exponent 1/2: p exp[(T ES /T) 1/2 ], but with T ES increasing with disorder. At higher energies, the peculiar screening of the interactions leads to a crossover to an unusual CG which is quadratic, g(e) ∈ 2 , for a 2D system and impurity dependent. This leads to a temperature crossover to an unusual ES law p exp[(T 3/5 /T) 3/5 ], with T 3/5 increasing with disorder. At even higher temperatures a crossover to activation takes place. The results should apply to mono-layers of 4k F CDWs.
“Whatever the Party Asks of Me”: Women's Political Representation in Chile's Unión Demócrata Independiente

The most conservative party in Chile, the Union Democrata Independiente, has nominated and elected more women to local-level office than any of the other major parties in the country. In this article, I argue that the candidate selection processes used by this party explain how it has proposed more women candidates for municipal office than parties with defined ideological commitments to increasing women's representation. The party's use of candidate selection procedures that are both exclusive and centralized allow women to avoid important obstacles on the path to obtaining candidacies. The case of the Union Democrata Independiente is important, first, because it allows us to understand how a party without a commitment to increasing women's participation can nonetheless do so, and second, because it lays bare the causal mechanisms of candidate selection procedures and increases our understanding of the effects that these processes have on female representation.
Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea for Ambulatory Surgery: Challenges and Management

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common breathing disorder, which is of particular concern to anesthesiologists, as it is associated with increased perioperative complications. Although the suitability of ambulatory surgery in OSA patients remains controversial, patients with high burden of comorbidities, particularly those with poorly stabilized medical conditions are not suitable for ambulatory surgery. Risk reduction strategy would include routine preoperative screening for OSA as well as approaches to minimize reliance on opioids and achieve rapid clear-headed recovery from anesthesia. Developing and implementing protocols (clinical pathways) allow for uniform practice, which can improve safety and efficiency. This requires a multidisciplinary approach in which the anesthesiologist should take a lead in collaborating with the surgeons and perioperative nurses. This article will discuss the current evidence related to selection and management of OSA patients scheduled for surgery in an ambulatory setting.
Effects of organic carbon on nitrification rate in fixed film biofilters

Abstract Although, it has been recognized that the existence of organic matter in a recirculating system tends to reduce the nitrification efficiency of biofilters, quantitative information is still lacking. In this study, the effect of sucrose carbon on the nitrification rate of biofilters was evaluated under steady-state conditions using a reactor series experimental system. The experiential solution with a carbon/nitrogen ratio of C/N=1.0 or 2.0 resulted in approximately a 70% reduction of total ammonia nitrogen removal rate as compared with a solution that has a similar nitrogen level, but without carbon (C/N=0). The data showed that the nitrification rate decreased with an increase in the organic concentration, but the impact became less pronounced when the carbon concentration became sufficiently high. The results show the benefits of removing organic matter for improving nitrification in recirculating systems.
Power electronic interfaces for ultra available dc micro-grids

This work quantitatively evaluates the effect on dc micro-grids availability of both conventional architectures with single-input converters and alternative configurations with multiple-input converters. The analysis indicates that use of diverse power sources is essential in order to achieve high availability levels. Calculations yield that multiple-input converter configurations achieve availabilities that are roughly equal or better than those using single-input converters. Yet, the former require fewer components than the latter. Three converter topologies are used in the study: boost, isolated SEPIC, and current-source half-bridge. Among the multiple-converter topologies evaluated the boost multiple-input converter yields the maximum availability. However, Although the isolated SEPIC leads to an availability only marginally below the highest one achieved by the boost, it provides significantly higher operational flexibility because it can achieve high voltage conversion ratios and track the entire output range of sources in search of a maximum power operating point.
Failure of 2-deoxy-D-glucose to increase feeding in the golden hamster☆

Abstract An earlier study [33] reported that golden hamsters failed to increase food intake after a period of food deprivation (noncompensation), while rats did show post-fast food compensation. The present paper suggests that this species difference may be paralleled by a difference in responsiveness to 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a drug widely regarded as a test of glucoprivic feeding. Neither 750 nor 1100 mg/kg increased feeding in hamsters compared to sham or NaCl injection, while 2-DG did induce hyperphagia in rats. Though the prediction was borne out, nonresponsiveness to 2-DG in hamsters may not necessarily be directly related to noncompensation. Some questions on the relation of 2-DG effects to glucoprivic feeding were examined with reference to the rat and hamster.
Clinical-pathologic conference in general thoracic surgery: A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the trachea

T ase Presentation Dr Shah: A 63-year-old man with a 5-pack-year smoking history presented to ur institution for management of progressive dyspnea. He was diagnosed with ronchial asthma yet had not responded to inhaled -agonists or oral steroids. His ast surgical history was significant for cervical laminectomy 9 years ago and left ye vitrectomy 1 year ago. His medical history was significant for adult-onset diabetes ellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. He also had remote exposure to tuberculosis nd 2 episodes of pneumonia over the past 24 months. Physical examination revealed xpiratory, as well as inspiratory, stridor throughout both lung fields without rales or onchi. Baseline laboratory tests were significant for a blood glucose level of 210 mg/dL, blood urea nitrogen level of 50 mg/dL, and a creatinine level of 2.4 mg/dL. Forced xpiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in second/forced vital capacity, and diffusion capacity, were 20%, 86%, 70.3%, and 4% of predicted values, respectively. Resting oxygen saturation was normal. Configration of the flow-volume loop was suggestive of variable intrathoracic upper airway bstruction, with reduction in peak expiratory flow to 22% of predicted value. Dr Karnak: Dr Shah, could you please describe the radiographic and chest omputed tomographic (CT) findings? Dr Shah: The chest radiograph showed a 2 2.5–cm opacity projected over the istal trachea on the frontal view; the lateral view was unremarkable. The nonconrast axial CT image at the level just above the carina (Figure 1) and th tructed midline sagittal and coronal image (Figure 2) in soft tissue windows demon trated a lobulated transmural solid mass involving the distal anterior tracheal wall .5 cm proximal to the carina. The 3.2 2.2 3.2–cm extraluminal pretracheal omponent was coarsely calcified, whereas the 2.2 2.3 1.6–cm endobronchial omponents predominantly exhibited soft tissue density, with only a thin rim of alcification at its interface with the distal anterior tracheal wall. There was nearotal occlusion of the distal trachea. The differential diagnosis included primary racheal neoplasm (eg, squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, bronhial adenoma, and carcinoid tumor) or metastasis (breast cancer, renal cell carcioma, colon carcinoma, or melanoma). Tracheal chondroma and paratracheal nerve heath tumor were believed to be less likely possibilities, given their lower incidence. Dr Shah: Drs Mehta and Karnak, could you describe the bronchoscopic examnation and intervention? Dr Karnak: Flexible bronchoscopy revealed a lobulated, smooth, exophytic ass located approximately 2 cm above the carina and producing 80% obstruction f the tracheal lumen. When the bronchoscope was negotiated beyond the obstrucion, there was no evidence of distal disease. Dr Mehta: By using an electrocautery snare through the flexible bronchoscope fter achievement of general anesthesia, the endobronchial portion of the tumor was esected (Figure 3).
Beliefs, Value Orientation, and Culture in Attribution Processes and Helping Behavior

Two experiments were conducted to investigate: (a) the influence of the "subjugation control over nature" value orientation, a dimension of cultural variation, on attribution processes; and (b) the effect of activation of beliefs associated with this value orientation on attribution processes and helping behavior. In Experiment 1, introductory psychology students were classified as either "control" or "subjugation" oriented according to scores obtained from a measure of the value orientation. Results suggest an effect of value orientation on attributions for a behavioral outcome. In Experiment 2, an attribution empathy model of helping behavior was examined in relation to activation of beliefs associated with the "control over nature" value orientation. This model was tested using Bentler's program for the analysis of structural equations. Results show that beliefs interact with empathy to influence helping behavior. Overall, the two studies suggest the importance and feasibility of investigating cultural...
Resilient self-organizing overlay networks for security update delivery

Rapid and widespread dissemination of security updates throughout the Internet will be invaluable for many purposes, including sending early-warning signals, updating certificate revocation lists, distributing new virus signatures, etc. Notifying a large number of machines securely, quickly, and reliably is challenging. Such a system must outpace the propagation of threats, handle complexities in a large-scale environment, deal with interruption attacks on dissemination, and also secure itself. Revere addresses these problems by building a large-scale, self-organizing, and resilient overlay network on top of the Internet. We discuss how to secure the dissemination procedure and the overlay network, considering possible attacks and countermeasures. We present experimental measurements of a prototype implementation of Revere gathered using a large-scale-oriented approach. These measurements suggest that Revere can deliver security updates at the required scale, speed and resiliency for a reasonable cost.
Portable parallel test generation for sequential circuits

We report a new parallel test generation algorithm, ProperTEST, for sequential circuits that is portable across a range of MIMD parallel architectures. Zt uses prioritized execution to ensure consistent speedups as the number of processors is increased. This consistency is achieved without loss in fault coverage uith increase in number of processors. This also enables the use of parallel processing to improve the fauli couerage when the execution time is bounded. Results on ISCAS 89 benchmark programs are provided on a shared memory machine, a message passin.g machine and a network of Sun workstations. ProperTEST uas
Towards Automatic Photometric Correction of Casually Illuminated Documents

Creating uniform lighting for archival-quality document acquisition remains a non-trivial problem. We propose a novel method for automatic photometric correction of non-planar documents by estimating a single, point light-source using a simple light probe. By adding a simple piece of folded white paper with a known 3D surface to a scene, we are able to extract the 3D position of a light source, automatically perform white balance correction, and determine areas of poor illumination. Furthermore, this method is designed with the purpose of adding it to an already implemented document digitization pipeline. To justify our claims, we provide an accuracy analysis of our correction technique using simulated ground-truth data which allows individual sources of error to be determined and compared. These techniques are then applied on real documents that have been acquired using a 3D scanner.
Misconceptions Are “So Yesterday!”

At the close of the Society for the Advancement of Biology Education Research conference in July 2012, one of the organizers made the comment: “Misconceptions are so yesterday.” Within the community of learning sciences, misconceptions are yesterday's news, because the term has been aligned with eradication and/or replacement of conceptions, and our knowledge about how people learn has progressed past this idea. This essay provides an overview of the discussion within the learning sciences community surrounding the term “misconceptions” and how the education community's thinking has evolved with respect to students’ conceptions. Using examples of students’ incorrect ideas about evolution and ecology, we show that students’ naive ideas can provide the resources from which to build scientific understanding. We conclude by advocating that biology education researchers use one or more appropriate alternatives in place of the term misconception whenever possible.
COPING IN SPORT: A TEST OF ELLIOT'S HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF APPROACH AND AVOIDANCE MOTIVATION

Effective coping during athletic competition has been shown to benefit performance. This study was designed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of personality and achievement motivation on athletes’ coping style. Elliot’s Hierarchical Model of Approach and Avoidance Motivation (Elliot, 1999; Elliot & Church, 1997) was used as the framework to assess participants’ (N=258) temperament and achievement goal tendencies. The Coping Function Questionnaire for Sport (Kowalski & Crocker, 2001) assessed coping style (i.e. problem, emotion, and avoidance). Results indicated a positive relationship between approach temperament and problem-focused coping as well as avoidance temperament and avoidance coping. Mediation analysis revealed a small indirect effect between approach temperament, mastery approach goals, and problemfocused coping. In addition, a small indirect effect existed between avoidance temperament, mastery avoidance goals, and avoidance coping. These findings illuminate the relationship between personality and coping, and suggest that Elliot’s hierarchical model can help predict the coping style an athlete will likely adopt during competition.
Enzymatic Oxidation and Reduction of C19–Δ5–3β–Hydroxysteroids by Hepatic Microsomes. II. Effect of Age in Rats on 16,17–Oxido—Reduction of 3β–Hydroxyandrost–5–en–17–one (DHA)1

The activities of the DHA 16αhydroxylase, and the 16α– and 17β–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of hepatic microsomes of male and female rats have been studied in animals from 20 to 105 days of age. These C–16α–oxidoreductases are sex—linked with a significant accumulation of their products, 16–keto—A5–diol, 16α–0H—DHA and A5–triol appearing in males at puberty and increasing thereafter. The formation of 16–keto—A5–diol predominated over that of 16α– OH—DHA at all ages. In contrast, the formation of A5–diol, reflecting the DHA–17β–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was neither sex—linked nor increased after puberty in either sex. (Endocrinology 92: 1161, 1973)
An Updated Approach to the Diagnosis of Myeloid Leukemia Cutis

The diagnosis of myeloid leukemia cutis can be difficult, particularly in the context of an initial skin biopsy with a malignant hematopoietic neoplasm. We studied the immunohistochemical characteristics of 33 cases of myeloid leukemia cutis diagnosed at Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 1996-2007, and compared them with the corresponding bone marrow blast immunophenotype and World Health Organization classification (2008). In the skin, CD43 marked 97% of cases (32/33), myeloperoxidase marked 42% (14/33), CD68 marked 94% (31/33), CD163 marked 25% (7/28), and CD56 marked 47% (14/30). CD34 and CD117 were predominantly negative. In 19 cases in which myeloperoxidase was negative, all marked with CD68 and CD43. The flow cytometric immunophenotype of the leukemic blasts in the bone marrow was discordant with the immunohistochemical profile in the skin in all cases, showing loss or gain of at least 1 antigen. Given the immunophenotypic differences between skin and bone marrow blasts, we provide an updated immunohistochemical approach to the diagnosis of myeloid leukemia cutis.
Soil-plant relations along a soil-water gradient in great basin riparian meadows

Abstract Throughout the western states, riparian ecosystems have been affected by water diversions or spring and seep developments that decrease the quantity of instream flows and result in lowered water-tables. Water extraction is especially damaging in arid and semi-arid regions where the presence of instream and ground-water flows are crucial to riparian vegetation. We examined the temporal and spatial relationships between hydrologic gradients, vegetation, and soils in two central Nevada riparian meadows in order to identify plant species and environmental variables that can serve as indicators of water-table status. Species frequency and aerial cover, ground-cover composition, depth to water-table, and soil morphological and physical properties were measured along hydrologic gradients within two riparian meadow complexes. TWINSPAN, cluster, and multivariate discriminant analyses classified the vegetation into four ecosystem types. These occurred along the hydrologic gradient and included, from wettes...
Should the ‘echo guidelines’ be followed in cancer patients?

10.2217/FON.15.109 © 2015 Future Medicine Ltd Which cardiac monitoring guidelines apply to cancer patients? Never before has this question generated more interest; in fact, this topic and the cardiovascular care of cancer patients in general has led to a whole new discipline, which has become known as ‘cardio-oncology’. In keeping with traditions, most attention in this field has been devoted to the deteriorating effects of cancer therapies on cardiac structure and function, even though cancer in itself might have an impact on the heart and its treatment can lead to vascular complications, QTc prolongation and other consequences as well. Accordingly, much of the contributions to this emerging field have been made by investigators with an interest in cardiac imaging, especially in echocardiography. Not surprising then, the key multimodality cardiac surveillance recommendations for cancer patients were published by the European and American Societies of Echocardiography: one for patients after radiation therapy and one for patients undergoing chemotherapy [1,2]. In both consensus statements, echocardiography takes a central role but recommendations are more refined for patients undergoing active chemotherapy. Accordingly, in case of exposure to agents with known cardiotoxicity risk, the first recommendation is to pursue a baseline echocardiogram – with (2D speckle) strain imaging if available – and to obtain cardiac troponin (cTn) levels (assay and sensitivity level not specified). If the LVEF is less than 53%, global longitudinal strain (GLS) is below the lower limit of normal, and/or cTn levels are elevated, the recommendation is for a Cardiology consultation and discussion of the pros and cons of continuing with planned cancer therapy and the initiation of ‘cardioprotective’ agents. Otherwise, the recommendation is for repetition of the outlined tests before each additional cycle if abnormalities were noted or a cumulative dose of 240 mg/m has been reached, and then again at the completion of therapy and 6 months after for patients receiving anthracyclines. For those patients receiving trastuzumab, the same parameters are to be obtained every 3 months during treatment (same with VEGF signaling inhibitors or tyrosine kinase inhibitors but one additional assessment after the first month), OPINION Special Focus Issue: Cardio-oncology
Altered intrinsic and network properties of neocortical neurons in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome

All individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a varying but significant degree of cognitive disability. Although hippocampal deficits clearly play an important role, behavioral studies also suggest that deficits within the neocortex contribute to somatosensory deficits and impaired cognition in DS. Using thalamocortical slices from the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS, we investigated the intrinsic and network properties of regular spiking neurons within layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex. In these neurons, the membrane capacitance was increased and specific membrane resistance decreased in slices from Ts65Dn mice. Examination of combined active and passive membrane properties suggests that trisomic layer 4 neurons are less excitable than those from euploid mice. The frequencies of excitatory and inhibitory spontaneous synaptic activities were also reduced in Ts65Dn neurons. With respect to network activity, spontaneous network oscillations (Up states) were shorter and less numerous in the neocortex from Ts65Dn mice when compared to euploid. Up states evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventrobasal nucleus (VBN) of the thalamus were similarly affected in Ts65Dn mice. Additionally, monosynaptic EPSCs and polysynaptic IPSCs evoked by VBN stimulation were significantly delayed in layer 4 regular spiking neurons from Ts65Dn mice. These results indicate that, in the Ts65Dn model of DS, the overall electrophysiological properties of neocortical neurons are altered leading to aberrant network activity within the neocortex. Similar changes in DS individuals may contribute to sensory and cognitive dysfunction and therefore may implicate new targets for cognitive therapies in this developmental disorder.
MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING: AN APPROACH TO SCHOOL BASED MENTAL HEALTH

The delivery of school based mental health services should be on the forefront of every school psychologist’s mind in the state of California. When then Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger vetoed funding for AB3632 in October 2010, he ended a 25 year history of County Mental Health providing service to special education students who needed such support to receive educational benefit. The onus of responsibility for providing these services has now shifted squarely onto the shoulders of Special Education Local Planning Areas (SELPA), and as the school staff member with the most knowledge and skills related to mental health assessment and intervention, school psychologists are likely to be called on to help fill this need.
The Integrity of Very Thin Silicon Films Deposited on SIO 2

The physical integrity of very thin LPCVD silicon films has been studied as a function of deposition temperature and pressure. Integrity is defined as the ability of the film to protect an underlying gate oxide from an HF etch. Films deposited under certain common conditions are quite porous and cannot protect the gate oxide. A pressure dependence was seen for deposition temperatures greater than 560°C. Films deposited in the amorphous phase do provide protection over a broad range of pressures and therefore must be continuous.
Language intensity, social introversion, and attitude change

(1963). Language intensity, social introversion, and attitude change. Speech Monographs: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 345-352.
Concurrent and Longitudinal Effects of Morphological Awareness on Reading Comprehension among Chinese-Speaking Children.

This study explored the concurrent and longitudinal effects of morphological awareness on the development of reading comprehension among Chinese-speaking children (N = 123, meanage = 8.1 at Time 2). Drawing upon multivariate analyses, the study found that morphological awareness and lexical inferencing ability were intertwined together to predict Chinese children's development of reading comprehension. More importantly, the result revealed that Chinese morphological awareness contributed to reading comprehension across time via the mediation of lexical inferencing ability. The study suggests that Chinese children's morphological sensitivity has a significant impact on lexical inferencing ability, which, in turn, contributes to reading comprehension concomitantly and longitudinally.
Isolation of a New Type A Coxsackie Virus

Discussion and SummaryAn agent with all of the characteristics of a group A Coxsackie virus was isolated in suckling mice. No serological relationship could be established to any of the recognized Coxsackie virus or other enterovirus prototypes.Attempts to demonstrate antibody to the virus in the normal population have been unsuccessful, but reisolation 3 times from the original fecal specimen confirms the human origin of this virus. Failure to detect antibody in randomly collected blood specimens may in our opinion reflect the infrequent occurrence of the virus and probably the poor antigenicity of the strain in man rather than represent contrary evidence of the human origin. The strain has been submitted to the Panel for Picornaviruses for approval as a new member of the Coxsackie virus A group.
Asynchronous Parturition in Bison: Implications for the Hider-Follower Dichotomy

Birth dates were examined for bison ( Bison bison ) at Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, over a 3-year period (1982–1984) to determine the degree of synchrony. Duration and timing of birth seasons varied among years. Parturition was substantially less synchronized than previously reported for bison. Length of birth season did not fit the pattern typical of ungulates exhibiting a follower strategy of mother-young spatial relations, being longer than expected. These results are consistent with species-specific patterns of mother-young spatial relations, and provide further evidence that bison differ from typical follower species. Thus, these findings reflect the limitations of the hider-follower dichotomy.
‘Know Thy Enemy’: A Synthesis of Research on Competitor Identification

Competitor identification precedes competitive analysis and is a fundamental phenomenon of competitive strategy; therefore has attracted scholarly attention from management, industrial organization...
A Method for Rear Vehicle Detection in Nighttime Road Environment

Recently,vision sensor based vehicle detection becomes an attractive research area for the driver assistance system (DAS). But most research was carried out in the day time with a good lighting condition and what little research so far done in the night time assumed no interference of light. Hence a headlights based vehicle detection algorithm at nighttime environment is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm detects the rear vehicles via real-time image sequence capture. Firstly,bright objects are extracted from the nighttime road scene images. Then the extracted bright objects are verified based on rules to eliminate the interferential light sources and obtain the actual vehicle headlights. Finally,a knowledge-based method is used to cluster vehicle headlights. The clustered headlights are then validated. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility,effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm on vehicle detection at night.
Molecular subtyping and antibiotic resistance of non-Typhi salmonella isolated from infants

Objective To investigate the molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance of non-Typhi salmonella isolated from infants. Methods Stool samples were collected from infants with diarrhea in Shanghai to isolate nonTyphi salmonella. The isolated strains' identification,serotyping,molecular subtyping and drug susceptibility test were conducted Results A total of 19 non-Typhi salmonella strains were isolated from 583 infant stool samples,and the majority were Salmonella enterititis and Salmonella typhimurium strains. The PFGE patterns of Salmonella enterititis strains were similar(88. 7%),and were the prevalent patterns of the strains isolated in Shanghai in recent years. The drug susceptibility test showed the antibiotic resistance rate of the strains in this study was 78. 95%(15 /19). The resistance rates to Nalidixic acid(68. 42%),Ampicillin(63. 20%),and the third generation Cephalosporins(40%)were higher than those to other antibiotics,and the resistance rates to Ciprofloxacin( 10. 53%) and Gentamicin(10.53%) were low. In addition,most strains(13) were multidrug resistant. Conclusion The antibiotic resistance of the non-Typhi salmonella isolated from infants with diarrhea was serious,and the differences in drug resistance among the strains with different serotypes and molecular types had no statistical significance.
Analysis of etiological surveillance of influenza from 2004 to 2008 in Hebei

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of influenza viruses during the period of 2004～2008 to provide scientific bases for the prevention of influenza.Methods:During influenza season,influenza virus was isolated with Madin Darby canine kidney(MDCK) cell and its subtypes were identified by hemasslutination inhibition(HI)test.Results:During the period from October 2004 to March 2008,a total number of 3179 throat swab specimens were collected in Hebei.288 strains were identified for influenza viruses.Of the 288 strains,78(27.08%) were of influenza A(H1N1) virus,113(39.24%) of influenza A(H3N2) virus,36(12.50%) of influenza B-victoria virus and 61(21.18%) of influenza B-yamagata virus.A(H3N2) viruses were the predominant strain during 2004 to 2005 and 2006 to 2007.A(H1N1) viruses were mainly isolated during 2005~2006,and the predominant viruses were B-yamagata.The peak of epidemic of influenza viruse in Hebei was in January,except for 2005 to 2006.Conclusion:Majority of influenza outbreak occurs in Januray.Influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) as well as B type viruses co-circulate in Hebei,the epidemic strain is constantly changing.
The Diffusion of a Major Manufacturing Innovation

Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in the diffusion process, the process by which the use of an innovation spreads and grows. Studies have been made to determine the factors influencing the rate of diffusion and the characteristics of the firms that are relatively quick, or relatively slow, to adopt an innovation. These studies have helped to provide a clearer and more complete understanding of the diffusion process, but they are only a beginning. Much more work is required before a satisfactory understanding is achieved.1
Gynecological cancer management

Gynecological cancer management , Gynecological cancer management , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Understanding the Impact of Air and Microfluidics Cooling on Performance of 3D Stacked Memory Systems

Three-dimensional stacking has increased the memory bandwidth available to cores allowing sustainable performance improvement through technology generations. However, lower heat removal capability and higher DRAM density in such systems increases their temperature and requires larger number of rows to be refreshed at significantly higher rates. Higher operating temperature prohibits performance scaling by not only decreasing memory bandwidth availability but also reducing core frequency specially in the case where memory is stacked directly on top of the processor die (3D). Liquid cooling using microfluidics technology is a promising solution that keeps the temperature low increasing the operating range of 3D systems, thus allowing sustained performance improvement. This work attempts to understand the impact of temperature on performance and the advantages of using microfluidics technology for continued performance scaling. We show that conventional air cooling solutions limit 3D stacks to work only for memory-intensive applications running at low frequency, whereas microfluidics cooling technology allow them to push their envelope to not only compute intensive domains but also memory-intensive scenarios that can run at significantly higher operating frequencies.
Flavonoid Compounds, Tannins, Lignins and, Related Compounds

Publisher Summary The limitless abilities of plants to synthesize aromatic substances, most of which are phenols or their oxygen-substituted derivatives, affords structurally varied a group of substances to defy the attempts to classify them in summary form. Their range of structural complexity runs from simple substances as hydroquinone to such complex ones as the polycyclic dianthrone, hypericin. Any attempt to erect a system of a priori classification based upon biosynthetic origin is hazardous because few biosynthetic pathways in the field of the natural phenols have been established by experimental means. The idea of the origin of many phenolic plant products by the cyclization of linear polyketomethylene precursors, derived by the condensation of —CH2—CO— units, had been developed along speculative and experimental lines. In its simplest form, it can be represented by the formation of orcinol and orsellinic acid from four “acetate units.”
Modeling Changes in Measured Conductance of Thin Boron Carbide Semiconducting Films Under Irradiation

Semiconducting, p-type, amorphous partially dehydrogenated boron carbide films (a-B10C2+x:Hy) were deposited utilizing plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) onto n-type silicon thus creating a heterojunction diode. A model was developed for the conductance of the device as a function of perturbation frequency ( ${{f}}$ ) that incorporates changes of the electrical properties for both the a-B10C2+x:Hy film and the silicon substrate when irradiated. The virgin model has 3 independent variables (R1, C1, R3), and 1 dependent variable ( ${{f}}$ ). Samples were then irradiated with 200 keV He+ ions, and the conductance model was matched to the measured data. It was found that initial irradiation (0.1 displacements per atom (dpa) equivalent) resulted in a decrease in the parallel junction resistance parameter from $6032~\Omega $ to $2705~\Omega $ . Further irradiation drastically increased the parallel junction resistance parameter to $39000~\Omega $ (0.2 dpa equivalent), $77440~\Omega $ (0.3 dpa equivalent), and $190000~\Omega $ (0.5 dpa equivalent). It is believed that the initial irradiation causes type inversion of the silicon substrate changing the original junction from a p-n to a p-p+ with a much lower barrier height leading to a lower junction resistance component between the a-B10C2+x:Hy and irradiated silicon. Additionally, it was found that after irradiation, a second parallel resistor and capacitor component is required for the model, introducing 2 additional independent variables (R2, C2). This is interpreted as the junction between the irradiated and virgin silicon near ion end of range.
Bacterial Growth and Vitamin Content of Milk1

Five brands of whole milk from retail stores were analyzed for quantitative vitamin changes when the samples had developed off flavor in storage at 10 C. Vitamins A, B6, and niacin decreased by a small but significant amount. Average concentration of thiamine, riboflavin, and B12 were not changed during bacterial growth. Cultures for Dagano cheese and yogurt and two strains of Streptococcus lactis decreased the contents of Vitamin A, riboflavin, and B12 during growth. The averages for thiamine and B6 content were not significantly changed. Niacin content was decreased by growth of each of the four cultures. Three strains of Bacillus subtilis and six other species of bacteria that caused off flavor in milk during growth produced no significant changes in contents of Vitamins A, B6, B12, and riboflavin. The mean contents of thiamine and niacin were decreased, but two species did not cause a decrease in niacin.
Colonization With Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Risk for Bloodstream Infection Among Patients With Malignancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) cause severe infections among patients with malignancy, and these infections are usually preceded by gastrointestinal colonization. Methods We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases (up to May 26, 2016) to identify studies that reported data on VRE gastrointestinal colonization among patients with solid or hematologic malignancy. Results Thirty-four studies, reporting data on 8391 patients with malignancy, were included in our analysis. The pooled prevalence of VRE colonization in this population was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14%-26%). Among patients with hematologic malignancy, 24% (95% CI, 16%-34%) were colonized with VRE, whereas no studies reported data solely on patients with solid malignancy. Patients with acute leukemia were at higher risk for VRE colonization (risk ratio [RR] = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.17-3.26). Vancomycin use or hospitalization within 3 months were associated with increased colonization risk (RR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.06-3.45 and RR = 4.68, 95% CI = 1.66-13.21, respectively). Among the different geographic regions, VRE colonization rate was 21% in North America (95% CI, 13%-31%), 20% in Europe (95% CI, 9%-34%), 23% in Asia (95% CI, 13%-38%), and 4% in Oceania (95% CI, 2%-6%). More importantly, colonized patients were 24.15 (95% CI, 10.27-56.79) times more likely to develop a bloodstream infection due to VRE than noncolonized patients. Conclusions A substantial VRE colonization burden exists among patients with malignancy, and colonization greatly increases the risk for subsequent VRE bloodstream infection. Adherence to antimicrobial stewardship is needed, and a re-evaluation of the use of vancomycin as empiric therapy in this patient population may be warranted.
Case Article-Growing Pains: A Case Study for Large-Scale Vehicle Routing

This is a case study focused on the quantitative modeling of transportation services for use in undergraduate and graduate level transportation and logistics or optimization courses. The problem considered in the case is a capacitated vehicle routing problem CVRP with additional side constraints corresponding to delivery windows and United States Department of Transportation drive and duty time regulations. The case is presented in the context of a fictional company, Northeastern Home Goods NHG, but is based on a problem encountered by a real organization. NHG is considering outsourcing its transportation services to a firm having logistics as a core competency. Specifically, NHG wishes to evaluate the transportation costs that will result if a single distribution center is used to serve all of NHG's current stores according to a preexisting store delivery schedule. The primary objective of the case is to provide students with hands-on experience developing and applying solution techniques for a large unstructured vehicle routing problem. Secondary objectives include requiring students to think logically through the process of creating good solutions, promoting continuous improvement, and encouraging students to consider the business implications of their recommendations.
Detonation and Transition to Detonation in Partially Water-Filled Pipes

Detonations and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) are experimentally studied in horizontal pipes which are partially filled with water. The gas layer above the water is stoichiometric hydrogen–oxygen at 1 bar. The detonation wave produces oblique shock waves in the water, which focus at the bottom of the pipe due to the curvature of the walls. This results in peak pressures at the bottom of the pipe that are 4–6 times greater than the peak detonation pressure. Such pressure amplification is measured for water depths of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.87, and 0.92 pipe diameters. Focusing of the oblique shock waves is studied further by measuring the circumferential variation of pressure when the water depth is 0.5 pipe diameters, and reasonable agreement with theoretical modeling is found. Despite the local pressure amplification due to shock focusing, peak hoop strains decreased with increasing water depth. Failure of the detonation wave was not observed, even for water depths as high as 0.92 pipe diameters. Likewise, transition to detonation occurred for every water height.
Looking into Segments

This paper outlines Q theory, in which the traditional segment (consonant, vowel) is decomposed into a string of three ordered subsegments, or q, representing the onset, target, and offset of the segment. The postulation of subsegmental structure permits the representation of complex (contour) segments as well as subtle contrasts in segment-internal changes of state. Q Theory synthesizes insights from Autosegmental Phonology, Aperture Theory, and Articulatory Phonology in a representation that standard phonological constraints can refer to. Q theory is supported by arguments that subsegments act independently and need to be independently referenced by the phonological grammar. Embedded into Agreement by Correspondence Theory, Q theory permits the analysis of contour assimilation as well as contour formation, both in the tonal and segmental domains.
The Relation Between Volume of ACL Reconstruction and Future Knee Surgery

Objectives:A large body of volume-outcomes literature has now demonstrated a strong positive relationship between increasing annual surgical volume and improved patient outcomes across a wide varie...
Achieving desired performance objectives in the energy sector through data analytics

The deployment of information technology (IT) systems in critical infrastructure (CI) sectors has gained a lot of support because of benefits such as cost savings and increased efficiencies. Unfortunately, the deployment can enable IT vulnerabilities. Senior leaders in CI sectors now find themselves in unfamiliar territory having very limited experience with IT systems and networks. Consequently, they are relying upon intuition and, in some cases, unrelated experiences to make strategic decisions that can have dire consequences. The attention to hiring highly specialised data professionals can be a challenge because of the scarcity of qualified persons available. This paper promotes the alternative of focusing on a culture change that encourages a more data-driven decision making approach. Results show that the utilities component of the Cl's energy sector can reap immediate benefits from decision making that uses a data-driven, analytical approach to assess facilities operations, security, and resilience.
Species-specific vulnerability of RanBP2 shaped the evolution of SIV as it transmitted in African apes

HIV-1 arose as the result of spillover of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) from great apes in Africa, namely from chimpanzees and gorillas. Chimpanzees and gorillas were, themselves, infected with SIV after virus spillover from African monkeys. During spillover events, SIV is thought to require adaptation to the new host species. The host barriers that drive viral adaptation have predominantly been attributed to restriction factors, rather than cofactors (host proteins exploited to promote viral replication). Here, we consider the role of one cofactor, RanBP2, in providing a barrier that drove viral genome evolution during SIV spillover events. RanBP2 (also known as Nup358) is a component of the nuclear pore complex known to facilitate nuclear entry of HIV-1. Our data suggest that transmission of SIV from monkeys to chimpanzees, and then from chimpanzees to gorillas, both coincided with changes in the viral capsid that allowed interaction with RanBP2 of the new host species. However, human RanBP2 subsequently provided no barrier to the zoonotic transmission of SIV from chimpanzees or gorillas, indicating that chimpanzee- and gorilla-adapted SIVs are pre-adapted to humans in this regard. Our observations are in agreement with RanBP2 driving virus evolution during cross-species transmissions of SIV, particularly in the transmissions to and between great ape species.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Studies of Dinuclear d8 Metal–Phosphazane Complexes

Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of two diphosphazane (P–N–P) ligands, along with their corresponding novel palladium and platinum complexes. Compounds were characterized by FTIR...
Effects of information accuracy and volume on decision making

Recent advances in information technology have resulted in increasingly complex work environments. Much of the complexity is due to a deluge of information available across networks (Gleick, 2011) ...