cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A double-difference method for high-resolution acoustic tracking using a deep-water vertical array

Ray-tracing is typically used to estimate the depth and range of an acoustic source in refractive deep-water environments by exploiting multipath information on a vertical array. However, mismatched array inclination and uncertain environmental features can produce imprecise trajectories when ray-tracing sequences of individual acoustic events. “Double-difference” methods have previously been developed to determine fine-scale relative locations of earthquakes along a fault [Waldhauser and Ellsworth (2000). Bull. Seismolog. Soc. Am. 90, 1353–1368]. This technique translates differences in travel times between nearby seismic events, recorded at multiple widely separated stations, into precise relative displacements. Here, this method for acoustic multipath measurements on a single vertical array of hydrophones is reformulated. Changes over time in both the elevation angles and the relative arrival times of the multipath are converted into relative changes in source position. This approach is tested on data ...
Residents Teaching Residents: Results of an Interdisciplinary Educational Endeavor

Resident physicians across disciplines are engaged in teaching at multiple levels. Available literature focuses on medical student education and intra-disciplinary teaching. The national shortage of psychiatrists coupled with an increasing mental illness burden necessitates development of creative interdisciplinary collaboration. The authors report on an interdisciplinary, resident-to-resident didactic series assessing whether such a model could improve internal medicine resident comfort with managing psychiatric illness on inpatient medical wards. Internal medicine residents were assessed regarding their comfort level with managing certain common inpatient psychiatric presentations before and after the delivery of a teaching curriculum designed and delivered by psychiatry residents. Internal medicine residents’ overall confidence with identifying and managing common psychiatric problems on inpatient medical wards improved. Comfort level with managing depression and demoralization and determining decisional capacity both improved to a statistically significant degree. Collaborative, interdisciplinary care is complex and its benefits can be difficult to assess. Data from this study showed that interdisciplinary teaching at the resident level has the potential to be an effective means for building collaboration and can lead to a subjective improvement in comfort managing common inpatient psychiatric presentations on medical wards. Additionally, qualitative observations suggest that such an intervention can improve interdisciplinary collaboration.
Implications of Carolyn Saarni’s work for preschoolers’ emotional competence

AbstractCarolyn Saarni made invaluable contributions to the study of emotion. Most centrally, she conceived of ‘emotional competence’. She described emotional competence skills, and their developme...
Development of a Cost Estimation Framework for Potential Transload Facilities

As the cost of transportation continues to rise and there is a growing push for a more environmentally friendly transportation network, optimizing mode distributions becomes an attractive solution....
Transaction processing and consistency control of replicated copies during failures in distributed databases

Abstract:Consistency of replicated copies is difficult to maintain and recover during multiple failures of sites and network communication in a distributed database system. Transaction processing must continue as long as a single copy is available. But in a multiple failure environment, each operational site must make correct decisions about which copy to update and which one will be updated by the recovery system. This requires refreshing the copies on failed sites that missed the updates and doing this correctly while other transactions are updating and some more sites are either failing or recovering. This problem has been classified as the “replicated copy control problem.” In this paper, we present several ideas that are necessary to attack and manage this problem. We introduce the ideas of session numbers, nominal session vectors, fail locks, and view serializability and discuss their role in transaction processing on operational, recovering, and partitioned sites. We have experimented with many of ...
Measurement of Thin Case Depth in Hardened Steel by Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Angulation Techniques

This study evaluated ultrasonic pulse-echo angulation as a nondestructive technique for measuring thin case depths (less than 2 mm) in hardened steel. In concept, this method has been used to measure case depths greater than 2 mm and has also been suggested as a technique for determining nominal grain size. It has not been applied to case depths less than 2 mm because impediments, such as the obscuring effect of the front interface echo, the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio of grain backscatter, and the small area localization usually required by industrial inspection procedures prevent accurate measurement.
Is there a doctor in the house?: Vanya on the Plains as therapy*

ABSTRACTConsidering the contemporary American political and social malaise, the author finds medicine in art therapy.
Mutant SOD1 prevents normal functional recovery through enhanced glial activation and loss of motor neuron innervation after peripheral nerve injury.

Abstract Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is poorly understood with no effective therapeutics. One long entertained observation is that ALS may be precipitated focally by nerve injury. Many patients with ALS are athletes or veterans, and some have suffered nerve injuries at the site where ALS first presents. Here we explore how a genetic SOD1 mutation alters the inflammatory response and affects functional recovery after an environmental insult in a rat model. Methods Unilateral sciatic nerve crush injuries were performed in SOD1 G93A rats prior to disease symptom onset. Functional recovery was compared between injured wild-type littermates and uninjured SOD1 rats. Spinal cord tissues were analyzed quantitatively for SOD1 expression, glial reactivity, and motor neuron synaptic integrity. Results Injured SOD1 rats failed to recover and showed hastened functional decline with decreased survival. Injury induced extracellular SOD1 expression was associated with heightened, prolonged microglial and astrogial activation in the ventral horn. This inflammatory response spread to uninjured motor neuron pools and was associated with increased motor neuron synaptic loss. Discussion This study identified a relationship between genetic and environmental contributions to disease onset and progression in ALS. The findings suggest that injury induced SOD1 mutant protein induces a heightened and prolonged inflammatory response resulting in motor neuron degeneration through synaptic loss. Once initiated, this process spreads to adjacent motor neurons leading to contiguous spread of the disease. Treatments that suppress this heightened glial response could slow disease progression in ALS patients with focal sites of disease onset. Significance statement The contribution of environmental factors such as peripheral nerve insults in ALS is not well understood. Here we examined the effect of a single sciatic nerve injury in SOD1 (G93A) rats to explore the contribution of this environmental insult on disease onset and progression. After the injury, SOD1 animals failed to recover and had a more rapid functional decline. Histopathologically, SOD1 animals had heightened SOD1 expression, microglial and astroglial responses, and a reduction of motor neuron innervation. Taken together, these results provide a plausible mechanism of how the SOD1 mutated protein promotes an abnormal response to injury that leads to neurodegenerative changes in an ALS model that is amenable to therapeutic testing.
Photo sleuth: combining human expertise and face recognition to identify historical portraits

Identifying people in historical photographs is important for preserving material culture, correcting the historical record, and creating economic value, but it is also a complex and challenging task. In this paper, we focus on identifying portraits of soldiers who participated in the American Civil War (1861-65), the first widely-photographed conflict. Many thousands of these portraits survive, but only 10--20% are identified. We created Photo Sleuth, a web-based platform that combines crowdsourced human expertise and automated face recognition to support Civil War portrait identification. Our mixed-methods evaluation of Photo Sleuth one month after its public launch showed that it helped users successfully identify unknown portraits and provided a sustainable model for volunteer contribution. We also discuss implications for crowd-AI interaction and person identification pipelines.
Additive Fabrication of Multiscale Metasurface by Electrohydrodynamic Nanotexturing of Two-Beam Interference-Patterned Photopolymer Surface

Adding nanotextures to polymer surfaces already corrugated by 2-beam interference lithography is highly challenging. Using softlithography, triboelectricity, and electrohydrodynamic lithography, we fabricate multiscale metasurfaces by adding nanovolcanoes to sinusoidally corrugated NOA73 surfaces. © 2019 The Author(s)
Unraveling neutrophil– Yersinia interactions during tissue infection

The human and animal pathogens Yersinia pestis, which causes bubonic and pneumonic plague, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica, which cause gastroenteritis, share a type 3 secretion system which injects effector proteins, Yops, into host cells. This system is critical for virulence of all three pathogens in tissue infection. Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to infected sites and all three pathogens frequently interact with and inject Yops into these cells during tissue infection. Host receptors, serum factors, and bacterial adhesins appear to collaborate to promote neutrophil- Yersinia interactions in tissues. The ability of neutrophils to control infection is mixed depending on the stage of infection and points to the efficiency of Yops and other bacterial factors to mitigate bactericidal effects of neutrophils. Yersinia in close proximity to neutrophils has higher levels of expression from yop promoters, and neutrophils in close proximity to Yersinia express higher levels of pro-survival genes than migrating neutrophils. In infected tissues, YopM increases neutrophil survival and YopH targets a SKAP2/SLP-76 signal transduction pathway. Yet the full impact of these and other Yops and other Yersinia factors on neutrophils in infected tissues has yet to be understood.
Metal(loid)s in Cucurbita pepo in a Uranium Mining Impacted Area in Northwestern New Mexico, USA

More than 500 unreclaimed mines and associated waste sites exist on the Navajo Nation reservation as a result of uranium (U) mining from the 1940s through the 1980s. For this study, the impact of U-mine waste on a common, locally grown crop food was examined. The goal of this site-specific study was to determine metal(loid) concentration levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Cs), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), thorium (Th), U, vanadium (V) and selenium (Se) in Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus (squash), irrigation water, and soil using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The concentrations of metal(loid)s were greatest in roots > leaves > edible fruit (p 30 years) for V (p = 0.001), As (p < 0.001), U (p = 0.002), Cs (p = 0.012), Th (p = 0.040), Mo (p = 0.047), and Cd (p = 0.042). Lead and Cd crop irrigation water concentrations exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Levels for drinking water for those metals. Edible squash concentration levels were 0.116 mg/kg of As, 0.248 mg/kg of Pb, 0.020 mg/kg of Cd, and 0.006 mg/kg of U. Calculated human ingestion of edible squash did not exceed Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake or Tolerable Upper Limit levels from intake based solely on squash consumption. There does not appear to be a food-ingestion risk from metal(loid)s solely from consumption of squash. Safer access and emphasis on consuming regulated water was highlighted. Food intake recommendations were provided. Continued monitoring, surveillance, and further research are recommended.
How to Live Safely in a Science Fictional America: Charles Yu’s Immigrant Utopianism

Huang examines Charles Yu’s use of the time travel narrative and the immigrant narrative in his debut novel How to Live Safely in a Science Fictional Universe (2010) to critically reimagine American utopianism. Yu deploys the device of a time machine to map, over time, the marginal and invisible spaces to which immigrants are all too often consigned. The quest reveals the crippling melancholy that undergirds one of the most powerful romances of American utopianism: the American Dream. The novel sheds light on how that melancholy ironically fuels immigrant attachments to the Dream and how that attachment can be severed without sacrificing a life-sustaining utopian outlook.
The Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy in a Sample of Emerging Adults

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out on the Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy (AMES) with two subsamples of emerging adults (each n = 799). The analyses resulted i...
Examining the Role of Emotion Regulation in the Bidirectional Relation between Physiological and Subjective Stress Response among Daily Cigarette Smokers.

Abstract Cigarette smoking is associated with autonomic dysregulation and altered stress responsivity. There exists a reciprocal relation between subjective and physiological stress reactivity and recovery in smokers. Emotion regulation may impact the extent to which these domains influence each other. The current study examined the moderating role of lack of emotional awareness, lack of emotional clarity, and nonacceptance of emotions, in the relation between heart rate reactivity to, and subjective recovery from, stress, and vice versa. To determine specificity of cross-domain findings, these relations were also examined within domain. Fifty-six daily smokers (46.4% female; Mage = 29.33, SD = 11.92) participated in a biological challenge. Heart rate and subjective distress were assessed continuously before, during, and after the challenge. Individual growth curve models revealed that deficits in emotional clarity significantly moderated the effect of heart rate reactivity on subjective recovery. Lack of emotional awareness also moderated the association between subjective reactivity and heart rate recovery. Emotion regulation processes did not affect relations within the same domain, but altered the relation across domains.
Roles of Registered Nurses in Pediatric Preventive Care Delivery: A Pilot Study on Between-office Variation and Within-office Role Overlap.

Abstract Purpose Registered nurses (RN) participate in delivery of routine pediatric preventive care. This pilot study characterized variation in RN roles and overlap with other team roles. Methods We conducted a pilot cross-sectional survey of RNs from an urban/suburban pediatric primary care network. RNs described tasks during preventive visits and other staff completing similar tasks. Health system data characterized office staffing, volume, and patient population. We assessed whether role overlap and time on key tasks was associated with office characteristics or staffing ratios. Results Twenty-three offices reported a mean ratio of RNs to physicians and nurse practitioners of 0.99 (range 0.62–1.33). Of tasks RNs completed during preventive care, health education overlapped most with physician/nurse practitioner roles (17 sites with overlap) and rooming patients overlapped most with medical assistant roles (20 sites with overlap). Across sites, RNs spent 9% of time on health education and 26% on rooming. Offices with more role overlap between RNs and physicians/nurse practitioners had higher RN to physician/nurse practitioner ratios (1.13 versus 0.86, t-test p-value 0.002). There was no association between role overlap and other office characteristics, or between RN time on key tasks and staffing ratios. Conclusions RN staffing ratios varied twofold across offices. RNs spent more time on tasks that overlapped with medical assistant roles than tasks that overlapped with physician/nurse practitioner roles. Practice implications Opportunities exist to optimize RN pediatric primary care roles, for example by delegating certain tasks. Optimization may reduce costs, while improving quality, patient experience, and staff satisfaction.
24.6 An Instantaneously Broadband Ultra-Compact Highly Linear PA with Compensated Distributed-Balun Output Network Achieving >17.8dBm P 1dB and >36.6% PAE P1dB over 24 to 40GHz and Continuously Supporting 64-/256-QAM 5G NR Signals over 24 to 42GHz

5G communication promises 10x to 100x data-rate increase to radically change future wireless connectivity. Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands can potentially deliver extreme data rates and capacity compared to 10w-GHz bands. The 3GPP 5G NR standard specifies n257 band (26.50 to 29.50GHz), n258 band (24.25 to 27.50GHz), and n260 band (37.00 to 40.00GHz) for Frequency Range 2 (FR2) [1]. Different FR2 bands or their subsets are adopted by various countries/regions worldwide, which necessitates wideband/multiband mm-wave 5G systems to support international/cross-network roaming, particularly for user equipment (UE) devices [2], [3]. Common wideband power-amplifier (PA) architectures often suffer from various limitations [4]. Balanced PAs require wideband 90° hybrids that are often bulky and lossy for on-chip implementation. Staggered tuning sacrifices PA gain and output power $(\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{out}})$ . High-order matching networks are popular for wideband PAs, but usually exhibit large form factor and poor passive efficiency in actual implementations [5], [6].
5 – VECTOR FIELDS

Publisher Summary Sources and sinks are two types of singularities. At a source, all curves are directed away from the singularity, whereas at a sink the curves lead to the singularity. Because the tangent vectors to the curves complete one revolution in the positive direction as a point moves counter-clockwise around a source or sink, the index is 1. Vortices and other foci are also singularities of index 1. A dipole results if a source and sink are brought together. Moving two vortices together can also create a dipole. The index of a dipole is 2. Sources and sinks can be combined to construct singularities with an arbitrary positive integer as index. A simple crosspoint or col is a singularity of index −1. At a simple cross-point, two curves meet. A crosspoint of index −m is formed if m +1 curves meet. This chapter discusses the concepts of vector fields, hydrodynamics, and differential equations. It discusses vector fields on a sphere. A continuous tangent vector field on a Euclidean sphere ∑ is a continuous function that assigns to each point of the sphere a vector in the plane tangent to the sphere at that point. When the vector is zero, the point is a singularity.
Essential Care for Every Baby: Neonatal Clinical Decision Support Tool

Unacceptably high rates of neonatal mortality are an urgent global health challenge. Consistent application of Essential Newborn Care (ENC) interventions reduce newborn mortality. However, ENC has failed to scale-up in low-middle income countries, where the bulk of neonatal deaths occur. The American Academy of Pediatrics designed an evidence-based, simplified training and educational curriculum called Essential Care for Every Baby (ECEB), which includes a clinical practice guideline for the time of delivery through 24 h after birth. However, the scale-up of ECEB has been hampered by the need to provide a wide variety of time-sensitive ECEB interventions to numerous mother-baby pairs. This incurs significant cognitive load among providers who perform varied tasks every few minutes for each baby. In this high-load, stressful situation, there are often profound gaps in the delivery of crucial ECEB strategies. We propose an innovative, scalable, clinical decision support mobile app which prioritizes recognition over recall and addresses existing challenges.
The Na+ pump Ena1 is a yeast Epsin-specific cargo requiring its ubiquitination/phosphorylation sites for internalization.

It is well-known that in addition to its classical role in protein turnover, ubiquitination is required for a variety of membrane protein sorting events. However, and despite substantial progress in the field, a long-standing question remains: given that all ubiquitin units are identical, how do different elements of the sorting machinery recognize their specific cargoes? Our results indicate that the yeast Na+ pump Ena1 is an epsin-specific cargo and that its internalization required Lys1090, which likely undergoes Art3-dependent ubiquitination. In addition, an Ena1 Ser/Thr-rich patch, proposed to be targeted for phosphorylation by casein kinases, was also required for its uptake. Interestingly, our data suggest that this phosphorylation was not needed for cargo ubiquitination. Further, epsin-mediated internalization of Ena1 required a specific spatial organization of the Ser/Thr-rich patch with respect to Lys1090 within the cytoplasmic tail of the pump. We hypothesize that ubiquitination and phosphorylation of Ena1 are required for epsin-mediated internalization.
BUSTLE: Bottom-Up Program Synthesis Through Learning-Guided Exploration

Program synthesis is challenging largely because of the difficulty of search in a large space of programs. Human programmers routinely tackle the task of writing complex programs by writing sub-programs and then analyzing their intermediate results to compose them in appropriate ways. Motivated by this intuition, we present a new synthesis approach that leverages learning to guide a bottom-up search over programs. In particular, we train a model to prioritize compositions of intermediate values during search conditioned on a given set of input-output examples. This is a powerful combination because of several emergent properties. First, in bottom-up search, intermediate programs can be executed, providing semantic information to the neural network. Second, given the concrete values from those executions, we can exploit rich features based on recent work on property signatures. Finally, bottom-up search allows the system substantial flexibility in what order to generate the solution, allowing the synthesizer to build up a program from multiple smaller sub-programs. Overall, our empirical evaluation finds that the combination of learning and bottom-up search is remarkably effective, even with simple supervised learning approaches. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique on two datasets, one from the SyGuS competition and one of our own creation.
Borderline CNBP CCTG Expansions in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2 in over 16,000 Specimens Analyzed in a Clinical Laboratory (P3.118)

Objective: To determine the frequency of CNBP gene CCTG expansions in the “borderline” size range [177–372 base pairs (bp)] in specimens analyzed for myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) in a clinical laboratory. Background: The main clinical feature of dominantly inherited DM2 is myotonia, but cardiac conduction defects, cataracts, diabetes mellitus, and testicular failure are sometimes present. The disorder typically begins in the third decade of life and is accompanied by large expansion of a CCTG repeat in the CNBP gene. Published reference ranges include a normal CNBP repeat size of ≤176 bp and an abnormal repeat size >372 bp. CNBP alleles in the size range of 177–372 bp have been reported in only four Slovak patients with 184 bp, 202 bp, 226 bp, and 338 bp repeat sizes. It is unclear if CNBP alleles in this borderline range are unstable pre-mutations that expand into the pathogenic range. Knowing the frequency of these borderline sizes may help determine if they are pre-mutations. Design/Methods: Routine PCR, PCR repeat-primed assay, and Southern blot were used to detect a CNBP gene CCTG expansion in 16,253 specimens sent for diagnostic testing for myotonic dystrophy. Results: The frequencies of borderline CNBP genotypes were the following: One borderline allele and one normal allele in 0.86% (n=139), two borderline alleles in 0.02% (n=4), and one expanded allele and one borderline allele in 0.08% (n=13). The 158 borderline alleles ranged in size from 177–338 bp, with the majority of alleles at 180 bp (8.86%), 182 bp (24.05%), 183 bp (5.06%), 184 bp (8.23%) and 186 bp (12.03%). Other borderline allele sizes were rare with individual allele frequencies Conclusions: Borderline CNBP alleles were found in 0.97% (158/16,253) of specimens received in a clinical laboratory for DM2 testing. The frequency of borderline allele sizes is larger than reported previously. Study Supported by: Quest Diagnostics Disclosure: Dr. Nedzweckas has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Nedzweckas has received research support from Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Moore has received personal compensation for activities with Athena Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Moore has received research support from Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Meservey has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. McNamara has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Tiebout has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Tiebout has received research support from Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Wang has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Wang has received research support from Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Batish has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Batish has received research support from Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Higgins has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics.
3D printing of extended-release tablets of theophylline using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrogels.

Abstract An extrusion based 3D printer was used to prepare the semi-solid tablets with different drug loading dosages (75, 100, 125 mg) under ambient temperature. The active pharmaceutical ingredient, theophylline, was uploaded within the hydrogels prepared of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M or E4M. The HPMC concentrations were adjusted to different levels (10 and 12% w/w) to fulfill the requirements for 3D printing. Rheological and textural properties, as well as release profiles, were significantly affected by the type and concentration of excipient regardless of theophylline doses used. The printing material should exhibit shear-thinning behavior, keeping yield stress less than 4000 Pa and a loss factor (tanδ = G''/G') between 0.2 and 0.7, especially for 3D printing purposes using the current platform. The SEM images demonstrated that the hydrogel matrix exhibited a porous structure, which had the potential to encapsulate the theophylline clusters within its microstructure. The in vitro dissolution test showed that the release of all tablets was extended over 12 h, and the calculation of drug release kinetic models revealed that the 3D printed HPMC matrices release the theophylline by diffusion and erosion mechanisms. The excipient HPMC K4M 12% w/w hydrogel was optimal to load the theophylline with flexible dosage combinations due to the great extrudability and shape retention ability. The exploration of rheological properties was investigated in this study, and the results revealed that it is a feasible method to predict the SSE 3D printability and quality of hydrogel-API blend materials for the drug delivery system.
Weightbearing Protocols After Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Background:Multiligamentous knee injuries with a posterolateral corner injury represent a devastating insult to the knee.Purpose:To evaluate multiligamentous knee reconstruction rehabilitation prog...
Mathematical models of fibrin polymerization: past, present, and future

Abstract Blood clotting is a complex biochemical and biophysical process that leads to the formation of a stabilizing fibrin mesh. Fibrin polymerization is a necessary, multi-stage component of this process and occurs on multiple temporal and spatial scales. These complexities make it difficult to predict how polymerization is affected by perturbations or under varying conditions. Mathematical modeling has been a fruitful approach in generating and testing novel hypotheses about this process. In this review, we focus on the historical context leading to current mathematical models of fibrin polymerization and discuss the contributions of biochemical interactions between thrombin, fibrin(ogen), and factor XIII. We highlight mathematical models that encompass multiple spatial and temporal scales (coarse-grain models, kinetic models, and models incorporating flow and transport effects). We also discuss the unique sets of challenges and benefits of each of these models, and finally, we suggest directions for future focus.
Using Written Teaching Replays to Learn What Early Career Secondary Mathematics Teachers Notice

Noticing is often dependent on time-sensitivity and uses video or live observations. This paper explores loosening the time-sensitivity component and implementing self-narrative and inquiry approaches by having teachers write to explore noticing. This study explores narrative writing of beginning mathematics teachers using a noticing framework as opposed to data from video, discussion, or prompted writing as most noticing studies have implemented. This study analyzed narrative writing, termed written teaching replays, by early career secondary mathematics teachers to understand what these teachers attended to when writing about a classroom situation. Written teaching replay analysis results were similar to other mathematics noticing research studies, including earlier teacher development work on beginning teachers’ focus on self. Differing from this literature, the majority of teaching replays did not focus on managing student behavior. The narrative inquiry work also revealed teachers connecting the professional development experience to their classrooms and vice versa. The paper suggests noticing may not need to be captured in the moment and highlights potential applications for teacher education and professional development as well as implications for research.
Fabry disease and Stroke: Effectiveness of Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) in Stroke Prevention, a Review with Meta-Analysis (P4.3-017)

Objective: We did a meta-analysis of the available data to review the benefit of Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) for stroke prevention. Background: Fabry disease, is the most prevalent lysosomal storage disorder and notorious for its early multi-organ complications, especially ischemic stroke. Since 2001 ERT has become the mainstay treatment for Fabry patients. Design/Methods: A literature search was performed from NCBI/PubMed database without restriction of years. A systematic review of clinical cohort studies and trials was performed with pooled analysis of proportions. Inclusion criteria were cohort studies, random controlled trials (RCTs), Fabry disease on ERT or natural history and ischemic stroke outcomes. The pooled proportion and the confidence interval (CI) for stroke recurrent ratio are shown for ERT treatment group and native treatment group. Results: A total of 7 cohort studies and 2 RCTs involving a total of 7513 participants (1471 on ERT vs 6042 native treatment) proved eligible. The pooled proportions analysis shows stroke recurrent ratio in ERT treatment group is 8.2% [95% CI 0.038, 0.126]; in native-treatment group: 16% [95% CI 0.102, 0.217]. Effective differences favored ERT treatment group over native treatment group (p=0.03). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis bases on the currently available data showed that ERT for Fabry disease has beneficial effect on stroke prevention, Female carriers and atypically affected males should be started on ERT early as soon as diagnosis is made. Further studies are warranted to support the role of ERT in stroke prevention. Disclosure: Dr. Sheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harada has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elkhider has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kapoor has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reddy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nalleballe has nothing to disclose.
Sex and Evolution

When I joined Frank Beach’s laboratory as a new graduate student I was anxious to get started on a project in his research specialty, sexual behavior. During one of our initial meetings, he strongly suggested (as he had done with many others before me) that I go down into the basement of the Life Sciences building and watch laboratory rats mate. One thing that immediately caught my interest was the female’s habit of running from the male as he approached, stopping abruptly, wriggling her ears, and then darting away again as the male gave chase. This behavior seemed to excite the male and invigorated his pursuit. I saw this episode repeated time and time again and it intrigued me all the more because Lynn Clemens, Bill Westbrook, and Jim Wilson, who were running the “sex tests,” assured me that the female was definitely in estrus and receptive to the male’s advances. Then why did she run? Why didn’t she just stand there and copulate? These simple questions plagued my fledgling graduate student mind and led to my first idea about an experiment on sexual behavior. It was simple enough. To determine the function of the female’s puzzling behavior, stop her from performing it, immobilize her and then observe what the male does. Well, for various reasons, the experiment was never done and it is probably just as well.
A phenotypic analysis of T lymphocytes isolated from the brains of mice with allogeneic neural transplants.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the phenotypic analysis of T cells isolated from the brains of mice with iso- and allogeneic intraventricular neural transplants. The chapter indicates the preponderance of MHC class II restricted T lymphocytes in most neural allografts when mice differ completely at the MHC and at mH loci. Depletion of class II-restricted T cells in host mice permits the survival of fully histoincompatible orthotopic skin grafts, while depletion of class I-restricted cells does not. Although, class II-restricted cells are often functionally defined as helper cells, they can clearly effect cytotoxic functions as well, an activity, which predominates in the class I-restricted subset. The target(s) of the immune response observed in intraventricular allografts is unknown. While class I antigen expression on neurons can be induced in vitro with interferons, class II antigen expression has not been convincingly demonstrated. This relative resistance to inducible MHC antigen expression may confer selective privilege to neurons, especially if class II MHC restriction proves to play a pivitol role in the rejection process.
Stirring the Oceanic Incubator

Earthquakes may affect hydrothermal systems hundreds of kilometers away. But as Dziak and Johnson explain in their Perspective, the effects differ widely between terrestrial and oceanic systems. Recent studies have shown that changes in fluid temperature and flow rate at sea-floor hydrothermal vents may be delayed by several days after the earthquake, whereas in terrestrial systems the change is usually instantaneous. Biological communities are also affected differently, depending on their reliance on geothermal versus photosynthetic energy.
Utilizing Homomorphic Encryption to Implement Secure and Private Medical Cloud Computing

With a large number of commercially-available noninvasive health monitoring sensors today, remote health monitoring of patients in their homes is becoming widespread. In remote health monitoring, acquired sensory data is transferred into a private or public cloud for storage and processing. While simple encryption techniques can assure data privacy in the case of private clouds, ensuring data privacy becomes a lot more challenging when a public cloud (e.g., Amazon EC2) is used to store and process data. We present an approach that eliminates data privacy concerns in the public cloud scenario, by utilizing an emerging encryption technique called Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). The ability of FHE to allow computations without actually observing the data itself makes it an attractive option for certain medical applications. In this paper, we use cardiac health monitoring for our feasibility assessment and demonstrate the advantages and challenges of our approach by utilizing a well-established FHE library called HElib.
Backside particle reduction on PI9500 series ion implanter

This paper reports on backside particle reduction the high current ion implantation process using the PI9500 series ion implanter through fluorine (F/sup +/) ion implantation into the surface of the silicone elastomer. When the silicone elastomer is implanted with F/sup +/, backside particles can be less than 300 particles at >0.281 /spl mu/m on a 6" wafer. SEM observation indicated that the surface of the silicone elastomer had been reformed by F/sup +/ implantation, The original silicone elastomer had a rough surface, but after F/sup +/ implantation the surface became smooth. The mechanism for particle generation is discussed below.
Religious Conversion, Models and Paradigms.

This papers examines the experiences of converts to Islam among Australian women in the milieu of polemic views and debates such as ‘Islam versus the west', which is most visible in the image of the ‘eastern' ‘oppressed' Muslim woman. Employing the experiences of Australian Muslim women converts in Melbourne, issues concerning identity politics, and the individuals and social dimensions of conversion are investigated. While there is an array of literature about Muslim women from various disciplines including anthropology, sociology, politics, cultural studies and gender studies, among others, this paper takes an interdisciplinary approach to examine debates that have based their discussion on the image of the Muslim woman. Marco debates concerning issues such as multiculturalism, integration, Islam and the West debates including the ‘clash of civilizations' have been largely centred on the image of the Muslim women. The debate concerning the inherent conflict between Islam and West intensified after 11 th of September 2001 with the terrorist attacks in the United States and the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2002. It is during this critical period I interviewed Muslim converts in order to gain first-hand insight into their experiences as Muslims. This paper employs primary data collected during this historical period to examine issues regarding broader issues of identity politics, religious conversion as well as the everyday life experiences of female converts to Islam.
s- and p-wave neutron spectroscopy: Part VI. Level density and neutron excess

Neutron total cross-section curves for Ca40, Ca44, Cr50, Cr52, Cr54, Fe54 and natural Fe, Ti, and Cr have been measured in the kev region. Level spacings have been estimated for the predominant isotope in each of the samples measured, and are compared to similar data found for even N, odd Z targets. After correcting for differences in the angular momenta and excitation energies, it is found that on the average (between A = 35 and 60) d [ln D0(6 Mev)] = (∂ lnD0∂Z)dZ + (∂ lnD0∂N) dN ⋍ 0.3 dZ − 0.3 dN, and hence D0(6 Mev) is proportional to exp −0.3(N − Z). D0(6 Mev) is the spin and energy independent spacing parameter. Except for slight signs of a maximum at N = 28, D0 (6 Mev) appears (between A = 35 and 60) to be strongly dependent only on the neutron excess, N − Z, and not on N, Z, or A; uncertainties in the correction for excitation are such that it is likely that the absolute value of the exponent, 0.3 (N − Z) is a lower limit. Isotopic and Jπ assignments of many resonances in the natural fluorine and chromium cross-section curves are suggested.
Application of MODIS-Based Monthly Evapotranspiration Rates in Runoff Modeling: A Case Study in Nebraska,USA

Daily and monthly flow-rates of the Little Nemaha River in Nebraska were simulated by the lumped-parameter Jakeman-Hornberger as well as a distributed-parameter water-balance accounting procedure for the 2003-2008 and 2000-2009 periods, respectively, with and without the help of the MODIS-based monthly estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) rates. While the daily lumped-parameter model simulation accuracy remained practically unchanged with the inclusion of the monthly MODIS-based ET rates interpolated into daily values (R2 of 0.66 vs 0.68, simulated to measured runoff ratio remaining the same 96%), the monthly water-balance accounting model outcomes did improve to some extent (from an R2 of 0.67 to 0.7 with simulated to measured runoff ratio of 72% vs 115%). In both cases the models had to be slightly modified for accommodation of the ET rates as predefined input values, not present in the original model setups. These results indicate the potential practical usefulness of satellite-derived ET estimates (CREMAP values in the present case) in monthly water-balance modeling. CREMAP is a calibration-free ET estimation method based on MODIS-derived daytime surface temperature values in combination of basic climatic variables, such as air temperature, humidity and solar radiation within a Complementary Relationship framework of evaporation.
Bayesian framework for prediction of future number of failures from a single group of units in the field

This paper considers prediction of unknown number of failures in a future inspection of a group of in-service units based on number of failures observed from an earlier inspection. We develop a flexible Bayesian model and calculate Bayesian estimator for this unknown number and other quantities of interest. The paper also includes an illustration of our method in an example about heat exchanger. A main advantage of our approach is in its nonparametric nature. By nonparametric here we simply mean that no assumption is required about the failure time distribution of a unit.
Nonresidential criminal justice graduate degree programs

Abstract Nonresidential criminal justice graduate degree programs were recognized as significant elements within the contemporary educational scene. The structure, nature, and extent of such programs, as reflected in the professional literature, were reviewed. A survey of the state level governing bodies in the United States was reported, as was a case study of one state's evaluation of an out-of-state graduate degree program in criminal justice, operating without license within the host state. These were used as vehicles for a consideration of the issues important to the consumer of nonresidential graduate degree programs. It was concluded that innovative educational methods and structures are desirable, but that some nonresidential programs have been inadequate academically, and the danger exists that such programs may undermine criminal justice education and defraud the criminal justice students. Criminal justice scholars were encouraged to require rigorous standards for such programs.
Matching polytopes, toric geometry, and the totally non-negative Grassmannian

In this paper we use toric geometry to investigate the topology of the totally non-negative part of the Grassmannian, denoted (Gr k,n )?0. This is a cell complex whose cells Δ G can be parameterized in terms of the combinatorics of plane-bipartite graphs G. To each cell Δ G we associate a certain polytope P(G). The polytopes P(G) are analogous to the well-known Birkhoff polytopes, and we describe their face lattices in terms of matchings and unions of matchings of G. We also demonstrate a close connection between the polytopes P(G) and matroid polytopes. We use the data of P(G) to define an associated toric variety X G . We use our technology to prove that the cell decomposition of (Gr k,n )?0 is a CW complex, and furthermore, that the Euler characteristic of the closure of each cell of (Gr k,n )?0 is 1.
Plasma Total Homocysteine Levels in Stroke Patients Screened for the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention Clinical Trial in the Era of Folate Fortification

Folic acid fortification of grain products was mandated in the USA by January 1998 and in Canada by November 1998. It was hypothesized thatscreeningtotal plasma homocysteine levels adjusted for age, s
Endothelial NADPH oxidase: mechanism of activation by low-density lipoprotein.

Exposure to atherogenic levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) causes elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by human endothelial cells (ECs). NADPH oxidase is thought to be the main source of ROS generated by LDL-activated ECs. The mechanism by which this lipoprotein activates endothelial NADPH oxidase is incompletely understood. To gain further insight into the signaling pathway, the authors have examined the effects of inhibitors to various signal transducing enzymes, including the Gi-protein coupled receptor (pertussis toxin), Src tyrosine kinase (PP1), phospholipase C-gamma (U73122), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (LY294002), p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (PD98059), p38 MAPK (SB203580), protein kinase C (Ro 318220, GF 109203X, Go 6976), and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (AACOCF3), on the ROS-producing capacity ECs activated by LDL. Exposure of cultured ECs to LDL (0.45 mg protein/mL) stimulated ROS formation, as measured using a 6-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluoresc...
Insulin B chain-degrading neutral peptidase activity in the rat. Tissue distribution and the effects of starvation and streptozotocin-induced diabetes

Abstract The tissue distribution and the effects of starvation and streptozotocin-induced diabetes on insulin B chain-degrading neutral peptidase activity in the rat have been studied. The neutral peptidase activity in tissue extracts was determined by measuring the formation of trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity from 125 I-labeled B chain of insulin in 0.1 m Tris buffer (pH 7.2). Inhibition by several different compounds (EDTA, dithiothreitol, and potassium phosphate) which are known to inhibit the purified enzyme and the effects of pH suggest that the B chain-degrading activity measured in each of 12 tissue extracts may be similar to the neutral peptidase recently purified from rat kidney ( P. T. Varandani and L. A. Shroyer, 1977 , Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 181 , 82–93). Neutral peptidase activity was observed in all tissues examined and varied in the order kidney ⪢ intestine > pancreas, testis > liver > thymus > heart, skeletal muscle, diaphragm > lung, spleen > fat. Neutral peptidase activity in kidney, liver, fat, and skeletal muscle from diabetic animals was significantly depressed when compared with the levels in these tissues from normal animals. Insulin treatment of diabetic animals raised the neutral peptidase activity in kidney, liver, and fat to levels equivalent to or even exceeding normal levels; however, activity in skeletal muscle persisted at depressed levels. Heart muscle neutral peptidase activity was not significantly affected in either diabetes or starvation. In the liver, starvation reduced the level of neutral peptidase activity while subsequent refeeding raised the activity to a level exceeding the control. Opposite effects were observed in kidney: starvation increased neutral peptidase activity while refeeding brought the activity back to normal levels. Only small decreases in neutral peptidase activity were observed in fat and skeletal muscle after 24 h starvation, but were not evident after 64 h starvation. The changes in neutral peptidase activity correlated well with the changes in glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase activity previously reported in liver and kidney.