cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Early Years With Hal Anger

In the course of your day, when you interpret or count a radioimmunoassay or a sample of blood or body fluid, you will probably use a variant of the well counter invented by Hal O. Anger in the early 1950s. If you obtain or read a patient image, it probably came from some type of his gamma camera. If you do or see a single photon emission computed tomography study, Hal Anger showed the feasibility. Even if you are working with positrons, some of the early imaging work was done by devices Hal Anger invented. This article deals primarily with the years I spent with Hal, 1962 to 1964. I was fortunate to have the opportunity to spend this time with him when he had just completed the development of his 11-in gamma camera, the first multipurpose camera suitable for diverse clinical examinations. In retrospect, it is easy to see why Hal was honored by the Society of Nuclear Medicine as one of its pioneers and why he was the first recipient of the Ben Cassen Prize. However, it was not always clear that Hal's creative road would lead to such deserved distinction. I have tried to portray the beginnings of this journey to the best of my recollections.
Cytomegalovirus CC Chemokine Promotes Immune Cell Migration

Cytomegaloviruses manipulate the host chemokine/receptor axis by altering cellular chemokine expression and by encoding multiple chemokines and chemokine receptors. Similar to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) encodes multiple CC chemokine-analogous proteins, including r129 (HCMV UL128 homologue) and r131 (HCMV UL130 and MCMV m129/130 homologues). Although these proteins play a role in CMV entry, their function as chemotactic cytokines remains unknown. In the current study, we examined the role of the RCMV chemokine r129 in promoting cellular migration and in accelerating transplant vascular sclerosis (TVS) in our rat heart transplant model. We determined that r129 protein is released into culture supernatants of infected cells and is expressed with late viral gene kinetics during RCMV infection and highly expressed in heart and salivary glands during in vivo rat infections. Using the recombinant r129 protein, we demonstrated that r129 induces migration of lymphocytes isolated from rat peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow and from a rat macrophage cell line. Using antibody-mediated cell sorting of rat splenocytes, we demonstrated that r129 induces migration of naive/central memory CD4(+) T cells. Through ligand-binding assays, we determined that r129 binds rat CC chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, and CCR7. In addition, mutational analyses identified functional domains of r129 resulting in recombinant proteins that fail to induce migration (r129-ΔNT and -C31A) or alter the chemotactic ability of the chemokine (r129-F43A). Two of the mutant proteins (r129-C31A and -ΔNT) also act as dominant negatives by inhibiting migration induced by wild-type r129. Furthermore, infection of rat heart transplant recipients with RCMV containing the r129-ΔNT mutation prevented CMV-induced acceleration of TVS. Together our findings indicate that RCMV r129 is highly chemotactic, which has important implications during RCMV infection and reactivation and acceleration of TVS.
Neo‐Nazi Nationalism

In an effort to understand how supremacists may respond to future socio-political events, this article examines how White Aryan Resistance (WAR), as a major player in the White Supremacist Movement (WSM), conceptualises nationalism and who qualifies as a ‘real’ American. I use discourse analysis on two year's worth of WAR newsletters: twelve monthly issues before the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and twelve issues after this date. Only partial support is found for outcomes that the existing nationalism literature would predict, suggesting that those who research the right-wing must better understand the WSM's sense of status loss to adequately predict future violent action from these groups. I show that WAR did not increasingly target Arabs after the attacks, which may have enhanced their membership and mobilisation efforts, but that this decision was a rational response in the context of status threats and limited movement resources.
Effective Delegation for the Busy Campus Recreation Administrator

Successful campus recreation administrators are paid not only for their administrative capabilities, but also for their ability to lead and influence their staffs. The real measure of their value t...
Algorithms for ASTAP--A network-analysis program

The advanced statistical analysis program (ASTAP) is a general-purpose network-analysis program which performs nonlinear transient, dc, and ac analyses and provides statistical simulation to determine the distribution of circuit outputs due to parameter variations. The program combines a user-oriented input language capable of describing completely general nonlinear devices with the latest advances in numerical and programming techniques: variable-order implicit integration, tableau formulation, and sparse-matrix solution methods. This paper describes how these techniques have been implemented in the ASTAP program. Attention is focused on the computational algorithms.
Operation and design of a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with improved power rating

This paper shows that a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter can be designed to process up to several tens of watts of output power at an efficiency exceeding 80%. Converter operation is analyzed by "modified state-space-averaging", which is generally suitable for analysis of converters with nonlinear ripple. A design procedure is presented along with experimental verification. >
Caregiving and Chronic Care: The Guided Care Program for Families and Friends

Background. The Guided Care Program for Families and Friends (GCPFF) is one component of “ Guided Care ” (GC), a model of primary care for chronically ill older adults that is facilitated by a registered nurse who has completed a supplemental educational curriculum. Methods. The GCPFF melds support for family caregivers with the delivery of coordinated and comprehensive chronic care and seeks to improve the health and well-being of both patients and their family caregivers. The GCPFF encompasses (a) an initial meeting between the nurse and the patient’s primary caregiver, (b) education and referral to community resources, (c) ongoing “ coaching, ” (d) a six-session group Caregiver Workshop, and (e) monthly Support Group meetings, all facilitated by the patient’s GC nurse. Results. A cluster-randomized controlled trial of GC is underway in 14 primary care physician teams. Of 904 consented patients, 450 (49.8%) identifi ed a primary caregiver; 308 caregivers met eligibility criteria, consented to participate, and completed a baseline interview. At 6-month follow-up, intervention group caregivers ’ mean Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) and Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) scores were respectively 0.97 points ( p = .14) and 1.14 points ( p = .06) lower than control group caregivers ’ . Among caregivers who provided more than 14 hours of weekly assistance at baseline, intervention group caregivers ’ mean CESD and CSI scores were respectively 1.23 points ( p = .20) and 1.83 points ( p = .04) lower than control group caregivers ’ . Conclusions. The GCPFF may benefi t family caregivers of chronically ill older adults. Outcomes will continue to be
Live Range Splitting at Recursive Function Calls

For memory constrained environments like embedded systems, optimization for program size is often as important, if not more important, as optimization for execution speed. Commonly, compilers try to reduce the code segment size and neglect the stack segment, although the stack can significantly grow during the execution of recursive functions as a separate activation record is required for each recursive call. An activation record holds administrative data like the return address and the frame pointer but also the function's parameter list and local variables. If a formal parameter or local variable is dead at all recursive calls, then it can be declared globally so that only one instance exists independent of the call depth. This allowed us to optimize the stack size in 70% of our benchmarks. Often, live ranges of parameters and local variables can be split at recursive calls through program transformations. Such program transformations allowed us to further optimize the stack size of all our benchmarks.
The Value of Component Commonality in a Dynamic Inventory System with Lead Times

Component commonality has been widely recognized as a key factor in achieving product variety at low cost. Yet the theory on the value of component commonality is rather limited in the inventory literature. The existing results were built primarily on single-period models or periodic-review models with zero lead times. In this paper, we consider a continuous-review system with positive lead times. We find that although component commonality is in general beneficial, its value depends strongly on component costs, lead times, and dynamic allocation rules. Under certain conditions, several previous findings based on static models do not hold. In particular, component commonality does not always generate inventory benefits under certain commonly used allocation rules. We provide insight on when component commonality generates inventory benefits and when it may not. We further establish some asymptotic properties that connect component lead times and costs to the impact of component commonality. Through numerical studies, we demonstrate the value of commonality and its sensitivity to various system parameters in between the asymptotic limits. In addition, we show how to evaluate the system under a new allocation rule, a modified version of the standard first-in-first-out rule.
Conservative Reformation, Popularization, and the Lessons of Reading Criminal Justice as Constitutional Law

Legal scholars tend to segregate the Supreme Court's criminal justice cases from the rest of the Court's constitutional jurisprudence. Leading accounts of the Rehnquist Court, for instance, understandably will focus on the Court's noteworthy work in federalism, national power, race, and religion, while scarcely making even passing mention of the Court's work in criminal justice. The consequence is an incomplete picture of constitutional law that neglects the lessons that might be taken from criminal justice to illuminate our understanding of the Court and its jurisprudence. Criminal justice is an integral component of American constitutional law that needs to be integrated into the narrative of our constitutional times. When we view criminal justice in that spirit, we discover that post-Warren Court criminal justice jurisprudence has been the conceptual, theoretical, and strategic forerunner of the Rehnquist Court's prominent and groundbreaking activity in federalism, race, religion, and the like. By including criminal justice in the picture, we can recognize with greater clarity that the nation is in a period of conservative constitutional reformation that first began some thirty-five years ago in the criminal justice area. It was there that a distinctive cultural, political, and legal dynamic took shape to support the cause of conservative constitutional law reform. And it was there that the Court developed a distinctive conservative law reform discourse to bring about change in the law. That discourse has since fanned out across the constitutional landscape, bringing about conservative reform in one area after another. Yet even as conservative reformation proceeds in several areas today, it has ended in criminal justice. The forces that inspired the conservative reformation of criminal justice are spent; a social, cultural, and political turn has been reached. Criminal justice has entered a new period of constitutional development that is significantly more liberty affirming than stereotypes of the Rehnquist Court would lead one to expect. The Court's recent decisions indicate that we have entered a period of popularization in criminal justice, with the development of a new corresponding discourse of popularization to sustain it. What is more, there is reason to think that criminal justice may once again be in the vanguard, and that the distinctive discourse of popularization can and will spread to other areas of constitutional law.
Electronic structure and magnetic anisotropy of the [Co4(hmp)4 (CH3OH)4Cl4] molecule

Abstract Accurate density-functional based calculations have been performed on the Co 4 (hmp) 4 (CH 3 OH) 4 Cl 4 molecular magnet where hmp is deprotonated hydroxymethyl pyridine. In addition to the experimentally observed staggered geometry, we identify two isomers, referred to as eclipsed and half-staggered/half-eclipsed, that are reasonably low in energy. Our calculations show that the magnetic anisotropy is strongly dependent on the pyridine–pyridine separation and that the three structures exhibit easy axis, easy plane and triaxial behavior. Other effects such as partial reprotonation of the hmp is considered.
The Influence of Contingent Closing Costs on Sale Price, Time on Market, and Probability of Sale

Offers by sellers to pay closing costs on behalf of buyers that are contingent on the buyers' use of preferred ancillary service providers are a relatively new but increasing phenomenon. These cont...
MDRS - Mars Analog Outpost Growth

This paper introduces a vision for the realistic expansion of the MDRS analogue base following personal habitation experience during the crew 135 mission RAR. The vision is based on a space architecture perspective of a real space mission, DRM 3, and current analog base requirements with emphasis on safety and sustainability of crew operations. The outcomes are presented in the form of a concrete case study and an infrastructure expansion concept for the MDRS that could host either more research facilities, crew or a larger greenhouse and emergency and safety structures. This project required a crew of two for exploratory EVA, surveying of the surrounding neighbourhood, groundtruthing of local geomorphology. and monitoring of local weather patterns.
Integration of animal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data in drug safety assessment

The role of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in safety evaluation is the subject of considerable debate. In considering species variation in dose response relationships pharmacokinetic differences are considered by some as the likely major factor. As such measurement of the parent drug concentration in plasma is viewed as a convenient method to correct for these differences. However, even when the variation in dose response is due to species differences in the compound’s metabolism or disposition, concentrations at the target organ, active metabolites or protein binding may complicate any relationship with parent drug plasma concentration. Moreover, the variation in dose response may actually reflect differences in the pharmacodynamic responseper se, due to the various forms of receptor types expressed in individual species. It is concluded that safety evaluation has to be performed, not just by inter-species plasma concentration comparisons, but by assessment of the ratios between doses and concentrations producing desired effects, and those producing effects not tolerated by animals.
Population genetic diversity of the rare hardwood butternut (Juglans cinerea) in the northeastern USA

Populations of butternut tree (Juglans cinerea) have undergone range-wide extirpation. A fungal pathogen, Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum, of unknown origin has been recognized as the causal factor. This population collapse has allowed for observations of a broadleaf hardwood in rapid decline. This study made use of six neutral microsatellite markers to describe the present genetic diversity of butternut in the northeastern USA. Our results indicated weak population differentiation (F ST = 0.084), further supported by an absence of regional genetic structure. Despite reports of high mortality rates, genetic analysis revealed no sign of a recent bottleneck. Population statistics and Bayesian analysis indicated significant historical gene flow among butternut populations of the northeast. Attention should be given to genetic differences between upland and riparian habitat as riparian populations appear to contain greater allele diversity.
A Case of Primary Pulmonary Sarcoma with Morphologic Features of Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm that occurs frequently in the extremities of young adults, near large joints. The lung is a common site of metastasis but an extremely unusual primary site for synovial sarcoma. We report an unusual case of primary synovial sarcoma that arose in the lung of a 59-year-old woman. The tumor had histologic and immunophenotypic features consistent with biphasic synovial sarcoma These features included of an intimate admixture of cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen(EMA)-positive neoplastic epithelial cells and vimentin-positive fibroblast-like spindle cells. The patient had a closed thoracomy drainage and doxycycline pleurodesis for malignant loculated effusion and showed tumor extension in the left whole lung 4 months after pleurodesis. This case is an usual addition to the small number of published reports on primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma The distintive features of this neoplasm allow it to be distinguished from a variety of primary and metastatic malignancies in the lung.
Research on the Vaccination Status of the Floating Children in Chaoyang District

OBJECTIVE To know the vaccination status of the floating children in Chaoyang District. METHODS The vaccination status of each floating children in Chaoyang District is investigated by means of overall survey. RESULTS 11.9% of the floating children over 4 years old didn't take 4th dose oral polio vaccine(OPV);The zerodose rates of OPV,Measel vaccine(MV),Diphteria pertussis tetanus vaccine(DPT),meningococcal meningitis vaccine and TypeB encephalitis vaccine were 27.2%,29.2%,29.8%,32.1% and 33.2% respectively;The zerodose rates of Measel vaccine and Diphteria pertussis tetanus vaccine were significantly higher than ones of meningococcal meningitis vaccine and TypeB encephalitis vaccine(?字2=85,P0.001;?字2=158,P0.001;?字2=60,P0.001;?字2=123,P0.001). CONCLUSION The floating population area is a key area of Expended Program on Immunization(EPI)service for the floating children.
Long-term outcomes based on time-to-angioplasty in patients admitted with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.

Objective We investigated the impact of the duration from hospital admission to coronary angiography on the outcome of patients admitted with non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Background Invasive risk stratification in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has been shown to improve outcome in contemporary studies. It is unclear whether early coronary angiography is better than initial medical therapy with later angiography. Methods We performed an analysis of patients admitted to a tertiary coronary intensive care unit (CICU) with NSTE-ACS and had coronary angiography performed during the same hospitalization. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the time-to-angiography: same-day, 1 to 2 days, and > 2 days. The baseline clinical features, angiography results, 30-day, 6-month cardiovascular outcome and 3-year mortality rate were compared between the groups before and after adjusting for confounding variables. Results A total of 836 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients undergoing angiography > 2 days had a higher incidence of 3-vessel disease (45.7% vs. 31.7%, p 2 days) had increased 3-year mortality (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.03-4.35, p = 0.04) after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusion In patients with NSTE-ACS and no contraindication to angiography, delayed angiography of more than 2 days of presentation was associated with increased mortality at 3 years.
Endocrine complications of pregnancy.

This series demonstrates the effectiveness of a team approach by obstetrician and internist in managing pregnancies complicated by endocrine abnormalities. Fetal loss in the diabetic group was 2.9 percent, a striking improvement over the 25.9 percent loss in previous pregnancies. Much of the success in the diabetic group is attributed to reliable determination of the expected date of delivery and meticulous metabolic control plus serial urinary estriol measurements.
Light Microscopy and Histology of Lignocellulose Related to Biodegradation

Histological stains for lignin indicate the site, and to some extent, variations of the lignin component in plant cell walls. Further, various stains can indicate an assessment of the biodegradability of specific plant tissues. Acid phloroglucinol reacts with the most resistant tissues to biodegradation (e.g. xylem cells), while chlorine-sulphite stains the lignocellulosic fibre less resistant to breakdown (e.g., leaf blade sclerenchyma and stem parenchyma). Diazonium salts react with a variety of phenolic acids and aldehydes, and may be useful to differentiate various compounds. Research is needed to specify the organization (e.g., chemical bonding) and composition of microsites within the plant cell walls that characterize a particular response to biodegradation.
The comparative phonetics of Dutch and its dialects: "realphonetik": toward a standard IPA transcription

The literature on Dutch phonetics reveals a controversy about certain vowels and consonants. Dictionaries typically do not give phonetics, or if they do, it is not standard IPA, but Dutch-IPA, a personal, or local symbolism. In addition, transcriptions differ. The effect is that the researcher must use questionable symbols and descriptions, and that the language teacher and learner are not provided with a reliable or accesible resource for pronunciation. These difficulties are met here by the attemp to give more careful descriptions or articulations, and consonants. Terms for articulation are standardized, and an extended IPA vowel chart is given to provide a better descriptive analysis than is presently available. A system is presented for the consistent and precise location of vowels. This extended IPA system is used as the basis of phonetic description, analysis and comparison. Emphasis is on the specific case or paradigm method of the philosophy of science so that numerous examples must of necessity be given. This constrasts with the usual article on phonology which provides the fewest number of examples required to support a general or universal hypothesis. This is one of the important differences between phonetics and phonology. These examples provide data for phonology, further research, comparative and contrastive phonetics, as well as to aid the language teacher or learner. In addition, a phonetic comparison is given between Dutch and the Germanic languages.
Native American reservation constitutions

The Cherokees wrote a constitution in 1827; in contrast, the Yokuts tribe on the Santa Rosa Rancheria Reservation adopted theirs in 2014. As Native American tribal constitutions are common, I examine determinants of establishing these written constitutions. During their formation, some reservations had bands of the same tribe forced onto the same land. These reservations of forced coexistence wrote constitutions at an earlier date. More homogeneous, centralized tribes tended to adopt their constitutions at a later date, although this finding is less robust. The implication is that coordination costs were less than the benefits from constraining a potential rival band, and that social norms of centralization made having a written constitution less necessary. Additionally, a positive correlation is found between having a written constitution and economic output, similar to other studies.
The Role of Board Leadership Structure in Enhancing the Value of Directors' Human and Social Capital

In this paper we study the interaction between board leadership and board capital, shining the spotlight on the interplay between the monitoring and resource provision roles of the board. While the...
Tempol Ameliorates and Prevents Mechanical Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain.

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and prevent. Tempol decreases cellular superoxide radical levels and oxidative stress. The aims of our study were to investigate the analgesic and preventive effects of tempol on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in rats and to identify the associated mechanisms of action. Neuropathic pain was induced with intraperitoneally injected paclitaxel on four alternate days in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tempol was administered systemically as a single injection and a continuous infusion before or after the injection of paclitaxel. The mechanical threshold for allodynia, protein levels, and free radical levels were measured using von Frey filaments, Western blotting, and live cell imaging, respectively. After the rats developed neuropathic pain behavior, a single intraperitoneal injection and continuous infusion of tempol ameliorated paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia. Systemic infusion of tempol in the early phase of the development of pain behavior prevented the development of paclitaxel-induced pain behavior. Paclitaxel increased the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC), phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (p-NF-κB), phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), IL-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia; however, tempol decreased these levels. Paclitaxel also increased superoxide levels in a culture of primary dorsal root ganglion cells and tempol decreased these levels. In conclusion, tempol alleviates and prevents chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in rats by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and free radicals in dorsal root ganglia.
Toward the Development of Plastic Fracture Mechanics Capabilities for Assessing the Reliability of Energy Related Structures

Research to develop a plastic fracture mechanics methodology for conditions where a significant amount of stable crack growth precedes fracture instability is described. Several different candidate plastic fracture criteria were systematically evaluated by an integrated program of experimentation and finite element analyses. It was learned that the J-resistance curve and a constant value of the local crack tip opening angle may be the most effective choices. In addition, a combination of the two appears to retain the advantages of each without suffering from their limitations.
Co-infecting microorganisms dramatically alter pathogen gene essentiality during polymicrobial infection.

Identifying genes required by pathogens during infection is critical for antimicrobial development. Here, we use a Monte Carlo simulation-based method to analyse high-throughput transposon sequencing data to determine the role of infection site and co-infecting microorganisms on the in vivo ‘essential’ genome of Staphylococcus aureus. We discovered that co-infection of murine surgical wounds with Pseudomonas aeruginosa results in conversion of ∼25% of the in vivo S. aureus mono-culture essential genes to non-essential. Furthermore, 182 S. aureus genes are uniquely essential during co-infection. These ‘community dependent essential’ (CoDE) genes illustrate the importance of studying pathogen gene essentiality in polymicrobial communities. Co-infection shifts the landscape of Staphylococcus aureus genes required for growth.
Capture and Purification of Plant Genomic DNA on a Readily-available Cellulose Matrix

Whatman FTA ® Cards are a fast and efficient method for capturing and storing nucleic acids but are cost-prohibitive for some researchers. We developed a method that substitutes readily-available cellulose-based paper and homemade washing buffer for commercial FTA ® Cards and FTA ® Purification Reagent. This method is suitable for long-term storage of DNA from many plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana , prior to purification and PCR.
RNA Thermometers for the PURExpress System.

Cell-free synthetic biology approaches enable engineering of biomolecular systems exhibiting complex, cell-like behaviors in the absence of living entities. Often essential to these systems are user-controllable mechanisms to regulate gene expression. Here we describe synthetic RNA thermometers that enable temperature-dependent translation in the PURExpress in vitro protein synthesis system. Previously described cellular thermometers lie wholly in the 5′ untranslated region and do not retain their intended function in PURExpress. By contrast, we designed hairpins between the Shine–Dalgarno sequence and complementary sequences within the gene of interest. The resulting thermometers enable high-yield, cell-free protein expression in an inducible temperature range compatible with in vitro translation systems (30–37 °C). Moreover, expression efficiency and switching behavior are tunable via small variations to the coding sequence. Our approach and resulting thermometers provide new tools for exploiting temper...
Social Media and Morality: Losing our Self Control

Is social media changing who we are? We assume social media is only a tool for our modern day communications and interactions, but is it quietly changing our identities and how we see the world and one another? Our current debate about the human behaviors behind social media misses the important effects these social networking technologies are having on our sense of shared morality and rationality. There has been much concern about the loss of privacy and anonymity in the Information Age, but little attention has been paid to the consequences and effects of social media and the behavior they engender on the Internet. In order to understand how social media influences our morality, Lisa S. Nelson suggests a new methodological approach to social media and its effect on society. Instead of beginning with the assumption that we control our use of social media, this book considers how the phenomenological effects of social media influences our actions, decisions, and, ultimately, who we are and who we become. This important study will inform a new direction in policy and legal regulation for these increasingly important technologies.
Caring for Families Separated by Changing Immigration Policies and Enforcement: A Cultural Psychiatry Perspective

Recent changes in U.S. immigration policies and enforcement have precipitated a 300% rise in arrests and planned deportations. Although some family members face deportation, other family members may have state-sanctioned status. Such mixed status puts hundreds of thousands of families at risk of forced separation and associated mental health problems. Building on cross-cultural work with refugee families and other groups and on work with families separated by parental incarceration, the authors provide recommendations to guide clinicians working with families who are separated or who fear separation. Mental health problems among separated families can in part be addressed through identifying the origins of distress, elucidating family structures and roles, strengthening communication practices, linking with legal and economic resources, and facilitating decision making through distress reduction.
Predictors of Weight Restoration in a Day-Treatment Program that Supports Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa.

ABSTRACTFamily-Based Treatment (FBT) is considered a first-line treatment for adolescents with eating disorders. The traditional outpatient model of FBT may not, however, be appropriate for adolesc...
Big is Bad: The Link between Organizational Size and Ethical Integrity

Across five studies, we identify a lay belief that large organizations are less ethical than small organizations. In Study 1, individuals were more likely to sign a petition urging an investigation...
Sorghum for corn: Water in the age of climate change

This paper discusses corn and sorghum growth in the United States with regard to moisture utilization. Current climate change research predicts changing temperature and moisture cycles in geographic regions employed for agriculture. This research project investigates crop management practices that may reduce irrigation needs while maintaining a food supply necessary to feed a growing world population under these predicted changes. By comparing the response of yellow field corn to red grain sorghum, we hypothesize that sorghum yields will be less affected by predicted changes in rainfall events and thus require minimal additional irrigation. To test our hypothesis, we vary the timing of watering events for two different patches of corn and sorghum. We find that sorghum is the more drought resistant crop, making it more suited to fare with the predictions of climate change and in the fight for a more food secure world.
Too Little of a Good Thing: Hydroxychloroquine in Pregnancy.

Women with rheumatic diseases, including inflammatory arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), fare better in pregnancy when their disease is under good control1,2. The role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for achieving this control is now recognized. Several studies demonstrate that patients with SLE who continue HCQ during pregnancy have decreased flares and improved pregnancy outcomes, including longer fetal gestation and infants with higher birth weight3,4. Reassuringly, antimalarials are compatible with pregnancy, with no signals for safety concerns, and professional society guidelines recommend continuation of HCQ during pregnancy5. In support of this approach, a survey of North American rheumatologists found that over 69% of rheumatologists continued HCQ in their pregnant patients6. Despite the recognition that HCQ is a key component of SLE disease management in both nonpregnant and pregnant patients, adherence to HCQ remains abysmally low. Feldman, et al used claims data to show that 79% of nonpregnant patients with SLE are nonadherent7. Although claims data have also showed that overall use of HCQ during pregnancy has improved from 12.4% in 2004 to 37.7% in 2015, these rates are far from optimal8. Thus, low adherence to HCQ confounds conclusions regarding this drug’s effect on disease control and pregnancy outcome in SLE. To circumvent the possible effect of medication nonadherence on the understanding of the role of HCQ in rheumatic disease management, literature has focused on the measurement of either whole blood or serum drug levels and correlating these levels to disease activity. Costedoat-Chalumeau, et al were among the … Address correspondence to Dr. B.L. Bermas, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Rheumatic Diseases, 2001 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. E-mail: Bonnie.Bermas{at}UTSouthwestern.edu
Image-Guided Brain Biopsy

This is an overview of current techniques and indications for image-guided brain biopsies in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease. The integration of functional and physiological imaging into the biopsy planning and the achievements of modern stereotactic techniques, image fusion and their correlation to outcome are reviewed. The diagnostic yield, as well as the complications, of image-guided biopsies depends on numerous factors including image precision, number of samples, instruments used, and a clear learning curve on the side of the surgeon. With molecular analysis of tissue becoming the diagnostic gold standard in the future and guiding treatment individually according to the specific molecular profile of a given tumor or other lesion, the need for biopsies will even increase in the future.
CoRest1 regulates neurogenesis in a stage-dependent manner.

Background Developmental processes, including neuronal differentiation, require precise regulation of transcription. The RE-1 silencing transcription factor (Rest), is often called a "master neuronal regulator" due to its large number of neural-specific targets. Rest recruits CoRest (Rcor) and Sin3 corepressor complexes to gene regulatory sequences. CoRest not only associates with Rest, but with other transcription regulators. In this study, we generated zebrafish rcor1 mutants using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENS), to study its requisite role in repression of Rest target genes as well as Rest-independent Rcor1 developmental functions. Results While rcor1 mutants have a slight decrease in fitness, most survived and produced viable offspring. We examined expression levels of RE1-containing genes in maternal zygotic rcor1 (MZrcor1) mutants and found that Rcor1 is generally not required for the repression of Rest target genes at early stages. However, MZrcor1 mutants undergo more rapid neurogenesis compared to controls. We found that at gastrula stages, Rcor1 acts as a repressor of her gene family, but at later stages, her6 decreased in the MZrcor1 mutant. Conclusions Based on these findings, the central role of CoRest1 in neurogenesis is likely due to a Rest-independent role rather than as a Rest corepressor.
CAVE: Making Collective Virtual Narrative: Best Paper Award

CAVE is a shared narrative six degrees of freedom (6DoF) virtual reality experience. In 3.5 days, 1,927 people attended its premiere at SIGGRAPH 2018. Thirty participants at a time each saw and hea...
L1CAM defines the regenerative origin of metastasis-initiating cells in colorectal cancer

Metastasis-initiating cells with stem-like properties drive cancer lethality, yet their origins and relationship to primary-tumor-initiating stem cells are not known. We show that L1CAM+ cells in human colorectal cancer (CRC) have metastasis-initiating capacity, and we define their relationship to tissue regeneration. L1CAM is not expressed in the homeostatic intestinal epithelium, but is induced and required for epithelial regeneration following colitis and in CRC organoid growth. By using human tissues and mouse models, we show that L1CAM is dispensable for adenoma initiation but required for orthotopic carcinoma propagation, liver metastatic colonization and chemoresistance. L1CAMhigh cells partially overlap with LGR5high stem-like cells in human CRC organoids. Disruption of intercellular epithelial contacts causes E-cadherin–REST transcriptional derepression of L1CAM, switching chemoresistant CRC progenitors from an L1CAMlow to an L1CAMhigh state. Thus, L1CAM dependency emerges in regenerative intestinal cells when epithelial integrity is lost, a phenotype of wound healing deployed in metastasis-initiating cells. The authors identify a population of L1CAM-positive cells that, following loss of epithelial integrity, promote intestinal tissue regeneration and mediate metastasis initiation and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer.
Bound-state in the continuum of a photonic crystal metasurface: a platform for ultrasensitive sensing and near field amplification

The localization of the electromagnetic field at the nanoscale can play a key role in many applications, such as sensing, spectroscopy and energy conversion. In the last years, great efforts have been performed to study and realize all-dielectric loss-free nanostructures to confine the radiation without the limits imposed by the plasmonic systems. Here we demonstrate that the field enhancement in proximity of a photonic crystal metasurface supporting bound states in the continuum can be explored to boost the light-matter interaction. We design and realize an innovative sensing scheme for bulk and surface measurement with ultra-high figure of merit and apply this new configuration for studying a specific protein-protein interaction. The recognition scheme can be coupled to a fluorescence-based sensing approach, which exploits the capability of the sensor to strongly enhance fluorescence signals. Our results provide new solutions for light manipulation at the nanoscale, especially for sensing and nonlinear optics applications.
Homeomorphisms on minimal Cantor sets in the unimodal setting

Abstract This paper investigates the structure of the kneading sequences of unimodal maps for which the omega-limit set of the turning point is a Cantor set and the map restricted to that omega-limit set is a minimal homeomorphism. We provide several characterizations of unimodal maps with these homeomorphic restrictions in terms of the kneading sequences and the associated shift spaces generated by the kneading sequences.
Stereotactic CT image guidance and biplanar fluoroscopy for transoral C2 vertebroplasty and direct anterolateral subaxial vertebroplasty: a surgical technique note on access to the axial and subaxial spine.

Metastatic cervical spine disease can cause compression fractures, cervical spine instability, and pain. Vertebroplasty can stabilize a fracture, reduce the pain associated with a compression fracture, prevent or stop the progression of a fracture, thus avoiding cervical spine fixation, and decreased mobility. Transoral C2 vertebroplasty is less invasive than open fusion surgery, but it poses its own risk of infection and cement leak in this highly sensitive area. The image guidance setup consisted of the Stryker NAV3i navigation system, Stryker CranialMask tracker, and the CranialMap 3.0 software combined with biplanar fluoroscopy. The patient’s neck pain has completely resolved immediately after the surgery. There were no complications. Quality of life preservation is paramount in the management of metastatic spine disease. Vertebroplasty of osteolytic lesions can both relieve pain and restore stability, thus avoiding permanent stiff cervical collar, halo vest, or upfront occipitocervical fusion. With the increasing availability of surgical navigation systems, its use combined with biplanar fluoroscopy for performing transoral C2 vertebroplasty seems to be an adequate treatment in selected cases for pain relief, stabilization, and maintaining quality of life in the complex cancer population with C2 pathological fractures. The article describes as well vertebroplasty of the subaxial spine through a conventional anterior approach which again seems to be adequate in the treatment of spinal pathological fractures.
Checking Invariant Confluence, In Whole or In Parts

Strongly consistent distributed systems are easy to reason about but face fundamental limitations in availability and performance. Weakly consistent systems can be implemented with very high performance but place a burden on the application developer to reason about complex interleavings of execution. Invariant confluence provides a formal framework for understanding when we can get the best of both worlds. An invariant confluent object can be efficiently replicated with no coordination needed to preserve its invariants. However, actually determining whether or not an object is invariant confluent is challenging.In this paper, we establish conditions under which a commonly used sufficient condition for invariant confluence is both necessary and sufficient, and we use this condition to design a general-purpose interactive invariant confluence decision procedure. We then take a step beyond invariant confluence and introduce a generalization of invariant confluence, called segmented invariant confluence, that allows us to replicate non-invariant confluent objects with a small amount of coordination. We implement these formalisms in a prototype called Lucy and find that our decision procedures efficiently handle common real-world workloads including foreign keys, escrow transactions, and more.
Enabling high compression ratio in boosted spark ignition engines: Thermodynamic trajectory and fuel chemistry effects on knock

Abstract Knock remains one of the main limitations for increased internal combustion engine efficiency. Recent trends in light-duty vehicles towards downsized, boosted engines highlight the need to improve predictive knock models which incorporate contributing fuel chemistry and thermodynamic effects. Previous studies have shown the importance of end-gas thermodynamic conditions on knock onset and behavior, with relationships to fuel chemistry illustrated. However, a complete understanding of how fuels allow access to higher engine loads and the governing physics behind end-gas knock under a wide range of thermodynamic conditions is still unclear. Experiments in this work improve this understanding with the use of three fuels (1) isooctane, a low octane sensitivity (OS) fuel (2) a Co-Optima aromatic core fuel, which has similar research octane number (RON) yet significantly higher OS, and (3) propane, known for its knock resistance. Engine load sweeps are conducted with each fuel while maintaining a CA50 of 8 crank angle degrees after top dead center (°CA aTDCf). As load increases and knock onset is observed, spark is delayed to its knock limited spark advance (KLSA) allowing further increases in load until either one of two limits is reached; (1) CA50 retard limit (2) Peak cylinder pressure limit. Experiments are conducted at 40 °C and 90 °C intake temperature and at two distinct compression ratios (rc) 9.2:1 and 13.6:1. Two-zone zero-dimensional simulations were performed in Chemkin to extract end-gas pressure and temperature conditions through the combustion process for each experimental condition of interest. CA50 response as a function of engine load is compared for all experimental conditions and fuels, and a pressure–temperature (PT) trajectory analysis is conducted using constant volume ignition delay contours to explain the behavior of each fuel.
Development and Validation of Scoring System to Predict Secondary Amputations in Free Flap Reconstruction.

Need for amputation is a potential complication when limb salvage is attempted. The present study aimed to develop a risk assessment tool to predict the risk of future amputation when counseling patients about their reconstructive options. Methods All patients undergoing a free flap lower extremity soft tissue reconstruction by the senior author from 2005 to 2019 were retrospectively identified. Patient's demographics, comorbidities, and technical aspects of the operation were extracted. Logistic regressions were used to create a predictive scoring system for future amputation. Results A total of 277 patients were identified. Of these patients, two-thirds (183) were used to derive the scoring system and one-third (94) were used to validate the score. In total, 25 of 183 patients (14%) underwent an amputation. A stepwise forward logistic regression identified age > 55 years, smoking, acute wound, aggressive fluid resuscitation intra-operatively, inability to use a superficial vein for drainage, and inability to use the posterior tibialis artery for anastomosis as independent predictors of need for future amputations. The beta co-efficients were used to create the scoring system, and the patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe risk based on their cumulative score. The validity of the scoring system was verified by using the one-third validation cohort. Conclusions In patients undergoing free flap reconstruction of the lower extremity, the need for future amputation is 14%. The use of a scoring system can guide the surgeon's and patient's decision regarding limb salvage.