cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-Reactive Synbody Affinity Ligands for Capturing Diverse Noroviruses

Noroviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in the developed world. Noroviruses are a diverse group of nonenveloped RNA viruses that are continuously evolving. This leads to the rise of immunologically distinct strains of the same genotype on a frequent basis. This diversity presents a unique challenge for detection and tracking of new strains, with the continuous need for new norovirus affinity ligands. Our group developed a family of bivalent synbody affinity ligands using a virus-like particle (VLP) from the 2006 GII.4 Minerva strain of norovirus. We produced more than 20 synbodies with low nanomolar dissociation constants (KD < 10 nM) for GII.4 VLP. We measured binding affinity for four synbodies against VLPs from multiple GI and GII genotypes and found that the synbodies were broadly cross-reactive with affinities that ranged from 0.5 to 8 nM. We tested the ability of these synbodies to capture norovirus from dilute solutions and found that one synbody could capture GII.4 from a 20...
The Dynamics of a Financial Crisis: The Panic of 1907 and the Subprime Crisis

This paper summarizes and compares the events associated with two financial crises separated by 100 years, occurring in 1907 and 2007-2009. The dynamics of both crises have much in common. The commonalities inform and enrich the theories and research on the dynamics of financial crises. And they caution investors and business executives in anticipation of future occurrences.
Cognitive and Mind-Body Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain and Neck Pain: Effectiveness and Value

A recent Institute for Clinical and Economic Review provides evidence that some cognitive and mind-body therapies are effective for chronic low back pain and also cost-effective.
Optimal Sleep Habits in the Elderly

Sleep complaints are common in older adults. Older adults are at risk of experiencing sleep difficulties for a variety of factors including physiological changes in sleep and circadian rhythms with age, the presence of primary sleep disorders, the presence of other medical and psychiatric conditions, and the intake of medications that affect sleep. The daytime consequences of sleeping poorly for older adults include increased risk of falls, poor concentration and memory, exacerbation of symptoms of other medical conditions, decreased quality of life, and advanced mortality. Difficulties sleeping, however, are not an inevitable part of aging. This article summarizes ways to improve sleep in older adults who have sleep difficulties and explains optimal sleep habits for healthy older adults.
Pharmacogenomics of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the cystic fibrosis drug CPX using genome microarray analysis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal recessive disease affecting children in the U.S. and Europe. For this reason, a number of ongoing attempts are being made to treat the disease either by gene therapy or pharmacotherapy. Several phase 1 gene therapy trials have been completed, and a phase 2 clinical trial with the xanthine drug CPX is in progress. The protein coded by the principal CFTR mutation, ΔF508-CFTR, fails to traffic efficiently from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, and is the pathogenic basis for the missing cAMP-activated plasma membrane chloride channel. CPX acts by binding to the mutant ΔF508-CFTR and correcting the trafficking deficit. CPX also activates mutant CFTR channels. The comparative genomics of wild-type and mutant CFTR has not previously been studied. However, we have hypothesized that the gene expression patterns of human cells expressing mutant or wild-type CFTR might differ, and that a drug such as CPX might convert the mutant gene expression pattern into one more characteristic of wild-type CFTR. To the extent that this is true, a pharmacogenomic profile for such corrective drugs might be deduced that could simplify the process of drug discovery for CF. To test this hypothesis we used cDNA microarrays to study global gene expression in human cells permanently transfected with either wild-type or mutant CFTR. We also tested the effects of CPX on global gene expression when incubated with cells expressing either mutant or wild-type CFTR. Wild-type and mutant ΔF508-CFTR induce distinct and differential changes in cDNA microarrays, significantly affecting up to 5% of the total genes in the array. CPX also induces substantial mutation-dependent and -independent changes in gene expression. Some of these changes involve movement of gene expression in mutant cells in a direction resembling expression in wild-type cells. These data clearly demonstrate that cDNA array analysis of cystic fibrosis cells can yield useful pharmacogenomic information with significant relevance to both gene and pharmacological therapy. We suggest that this approach may provide a paradigm for genome-based surrogate endpoint testing of CF therapeutics prior to human administration.
Uranium Retention in a Bioreduced Region of an Alluvial Aquifer Induced by the Influx of Dissolved Oxygen

Reduced zones in the subsurface represent biogeochemically active hotspots enriched in buried organic matter and reduced metals. Within a shallow alluvial aquifer located near Rifle, CO, reduced zones control the fate and transport of uranium (U). Though an influx of dissolved oxygen (DO) would be expected to mobilize U, we report U immobilization. Groundwater U concentrations decreased following delivery of DO (21.6 mg O2/well/h). After 23 days of DO delivery, injection of oxygenated groundwater was paused and resulted in the rebound of groundwater U concentrations to preinjection levels. When DO delivery resumed (day 51), groundwater U concentrations again decreased. The injection was halted on day 82 again and resulted in a rebound of groundwater U concentrations. DO delivery rate was increased to 54 mg O2/well/h (day 95) whereby groundwater U concentrations increased. Planktonic cell abundance remained stable throughout the experiment, but virus-to-microbial cell ratio increased 1.8–3.4-fold with init...
Wnt Signaling in Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Since our original papers reporting a role for Wnt signaling in regulating regeneration after spinal cord injury, there have been several publications addressing the role of Wnt signaling in spinal cord injury. Although there may be some slight differences in some details of Wnt expression, such as the baseline levels of expression of some of the Wnt’s before injury, which may be due to different sensitivity of methods used, there is overall an agreement that Wnt expression levels change drastically after injury, particularly being upregulated. We also showed that the reinduced Wnt system has strong effects on axon regeneration. Although evidence is accumulating, genetic studies have not yet been reported. A genetic model to test Wnt signaling in axon regeneration will not only help establish the role of Wnt’s in spinal cord injury, it will also provide an important tool to probe what types of therapeutic benefit can be achieved by manipulating Wnt signaling.
“It’s about hearing and understanding their stories”: Teacher empathy and socio-political awareness toward newcomer undocumented students in the New Latino South

In this article the co-authors draw from three separate ethnographic studies in the U.S. South to expand the literature about how teachers understand and apply multiculturalism specifically when wo...
The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene family functions as a cohort during the Glycine max defense response to Heterodera glycines.

Abstract Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important signal transduction roles. However, little is known regarding how they influence the gene expression of other family members and the relationship to a biological process, including the Glycine max defense response to Heterodera glycines. Transcriptomics have identified MAPK gene expression occurring within root cells undergoing a defense response to a pathogenic event initiated by H. glycines in the allotetraploid Glycine max. Functional analyses are presented for its 32 MAPKs revealing 9 have a defense role, including homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana MAPK (MPK) MPK2, MPK3, MPK4, MPK5, MPK6, MPK13, MPK16 and MPK20. Defense signaling occurring through pathogen activated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI) have been determined in relation to these MAPKs. Five different types of gene expression relate to MAPK expression, influencing PTI and ETI gene expression and proven defense genes including an ABC-G transporter, 20S membrane fusion particle components, glycoside biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, hemicellulose modification, transcription and secretion. The experiments show MAPKs broadly influence defense MAPK gene expression, including the co-regulation of parologous MAPKs and reveal its relationship to proven defense genes. The experiments reveal each defense MAPK induces the expression of a G. max homolog of a PATHOGENESIS RELATED1 (PR1), itself shown to function in defense in the studied pathosystem.
CIPR: a web-based R/shiny app and R package to annotate cell clusters in single cell RNA sequencing experiments

Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has provided invaluable insights into cellular heterogeneity and functional states in health and disease. During the analysis of scRNAseq data, annotating the biological identity of cell clusters is an important step before downstream analyses and it remains technically challenging. The current solutions for annotating single cell clusters generally lack a graphical user interface, can be computationally intensive or have a limited scope. On the other hand, manually annotating single cell clusters by examining the expression of marker genes can be subjective and labor-intensive. To improve the quality and efficiency of annotating cell clusters in scRNAseq data, we present a web-based R/Shiny app and R package, Cluster Identity PRedictor (CIPR), which provides a graphical user interface to quickly score gene expression profiles of unknown cell clusters against mouse or human references, or a custom dataset provided by the user. CIPR can be easily integrated into the current pipelines to facilitate scRNAseq data analysis. CIPR employs multiple approaches for calculating the identity score at the cluster level and can accept inputs generated by popular scRNAseq analysis software. CIPR provides 2 mouse and 5 human reference datasets, and its pipeline allows inter-species comparisons and the ability to upload a custom reference dataset for specialized studies. The option to filter out lowly variable genes and to exclude irrelevant reference cell subsets from the analysis can improve the discriminatory power of CIPR suggesting that it can be tailored to different experimental contexts. Benchmarking CIPR against existing functionally similar software revealed that our algorithm is less computationally demanding, it performs significantly faster and provides accurate predictions for multiple cell clusters in a scRNAseq experiment involving tumor-infiltrating immune cells. CIPR facilitates scRNAseq data analysis by annotating unknown cell clusters in an objective and efficient manner. Platform independence owing to Shiny framework and the requirement for a minimal programming experience allows this software to be used by researchers from different backgrounds. CIPR can accurately predict the identity of a variety of cell clusters and can be used in various experimental contexts across a broad spectrum of research areas.
An entertaining physics: On the possibility of energy storage enhancement in electric capacitors using the compensational inductive electric field

In this work, we consider the possibility of energy storage enhancement in electric capacitors using the compensational method. The essence of the proposed approach is the use of inductive voltage V_ind to partially compensate the electrostatic voltage q/C produced by the electric charges on the capacitor plates. We hypothesize that it may be possible to increase the amount of charge stored on the plates before the breakdown and increase the energy stored in the capacitor using the compensational inductive voltage. There are several possible scenarios of manipulating the inductive voltage to increase the amount of energy released via the discharge. We also consider several electro-magnetic capacitors for practical utilization. Potentially, the energy per volume stored in a simple parallel plate capacitor may exceed the one of gasoline. The physical limits and technological shortcomings of the proposed approach are also discussed.
An Isotropic Lithium Niobate Microring Resonator with a 1.38-nm Wide Continuous Tuning Range using 80 V

We present simulation and experimental results for an optical microring resonator in Z-cut thin-film lithium niobate with SiO 2 claddings and integrated tuning electrodes. Applying 0 to −80 V, we achieved a 1.38-nm continuous tuning range.
Three-Year Outcomes After Brief Treatment of Substance Use and Mood Symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for adolescents exhibiting co-occurring substance use and mental health problems may improve outcomes and have long-lasting effects. This study examined the relationship between access to SBIRT and substance use, depression and medical diagnoses, and health services use at 1 and 3 years postscreening for such adolescents. METHODS: The study draws from a cluster-randomized trial comparing SBIRT to usual care (UC) for adolescents endorsing past-year substance use and recent mood symptoms during visits to a general pediatrics clinic between November 1, 2011, and October 31, 2013, in a large, integrated health system (N = 1851); this sample examined the subset of adolescents endorsing both problems (n = 289). Outcomes included depression, substance use and medical diagnoses, and emergency department and outpatient visits 1 and 3 years later. RESULTS: The SBIRT group had lower odds of depression diagnoses at 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31; confidence interval [CI] = 0.11–0.87) and 3 years (OR = 0.51; CI = 0.28–0.94) compared with the UC group. At 3 years, the SBIRT group had lower odds of a substance use diagnosis (OR = 0.46; CI = 0.23–0.92), and fewer emergency department visits (rate ratio = 0.65; CI = 0.44–0.97) than UC group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that SBIRT may prevent health complications and avert costly services use among adolescents with both mental health and substance use problems. As SBIRT is implemented widely in pediatric primary care, training pediatricians to discuss substance use and mental health problems can translate to positive outcomes for these vulnerable adolescents.
8 minutes and 46 seconds of ‘I Can’t Breathe’: A call for anti-racist feminist solidarity amid COVID-19

COVID-19 has again exposed the inequality and injustice of race and power deeply rooted in patterns, discourses and institutions. I am writing this article to bring attention to how we need anti-ra...
The adoption of pricing from an organizational perspective and its impact on relative firm performance

Over the past decade, more firms are adopting best practices, methods, and systems related to pricing. There is increasing evidence of pricing as a powerful lever and driver of financial performance. Despite this good progress, pricing as a function lags behind other functions, and many firms struggles to improve the adoption of pricing tools, methods, and systems. We survey 540 business and pricing professionals with the support of the Professional Pricing Society to investigate the influence of four organizational factors on the adoption of pricing as well as the impact of increased pricing adoption to relative firm performance. Our results highlight the positive influence of organizational alignment, cross-functional collaboration, and top championing support on the adoption of pricing. They also reveal that too much formalization in the pricing process negatively influences adoption. Finally, we find that the greater the adoption of pricing, the greater the relative firm performance.
The Robotic Approach to Intrathoracic Goiters

Novel minimally -invasive techniques, such as video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) or robotic surgery, have expanded the indications of surgical access to the mediastinum. Robotic surgery, in particular, is very well suited for complex mediastinal surgery. In selected cases of deep intrathoracic goiters where a simple cervical incision is not enough, we advocate consideration for a minimally invasive robotic approach either standalone or in combination with a cervical approach to avoid morbidity of a median sternotomy.
The Acute Host-Response of Turkeys Colonized With Campylobacter coli .

Consumption of contaminated poultry products is one of the main sources of human campylobacteriosis, of which Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni (C. jejuni) and C. coli are responsible for ~98% of the cases. In turkeys, the ceca are an important anatomical site where Campylobacter asymptomatically colonizes. We previously demonstrated that commercial turkey poults colonized by C. jejuni showed acute changes in cytokine gene expression profiles, and histological intestinal lesions at 2 days post-inoculation (dpi). Cecal tonsils (CT) are an important part of the gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue that surveil material passing in and out of the ceca, and generate immune responses against intestinal pathogens. The CT immune response toward Campylobacter remains unknown. In this study, we generated a kanamycin-resistant C. coli construct (CcK) to facilitate its enumeration from cecal contents after experimental challenge. In vitro analysis of CcK demonstrated no changes in motility when compared to the parent isolate. Poults were inoculated by oral gavage with CcK (5 × 107 colony forming units) or sterile-media (mock-colonized), and euthanized at 1 and 3 dpi. At both time points, CcK was recovered from cecal contents, but not from the mock-colonized group. As a marker of acute inflammation, serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein was significantly elevated at 3 dpi in CcK inoculated poults compared to mock-infected samples. Significant histological lesions were detected in cecal and CT tissues of CcK colonized poults at 1 and 3 dpi, respectively. RNAseq analysis identified 250 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in CT from CcK colonized poults at 3 dpi, of which 194 were upregulated and 56 were downregulated. From the DEG, 9 significantly enriched biological pathways were identified, including platelet aggregation, response to oxidative stress and negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. These data suggest that C. coli induced an acute inflammatory response in the intestinal tract of poults, and that platelet aggregation and oxidative stress in the CT may affect the turkey's ability to resist Campylobacter colonization. These findings will help to develop and test Campylobacter mitigation strategies to promote food safety in commercial turkeys.
Load Oscillating Attacks of Smart Grids: Demand Strategies and Vulnerability Analysis.

We investigate the vulnerability of a power transmission grid to load oscillation attacks. We demonstrate that an adversary with a relatively small amount of resources can launch a successful load oscillation attack to destabilize the grid. The adversary is assumed to be able to compromise smart meters at a subset of load buses and control their switches. In the studied attack scenarios the adversary estimates the line flow sensitivity factors (LFSFs) associated with the monitored tie lines by perturbing a small amount of load at compromised buses and observing the monitored lines flow changes. The learned LFSF values are used for selecting a target line and optimizing the oscillation attack to cause the target line to trip while minimizing the magnitude of load oscillation. We evaluated the attack impact using the COSMIC time-domain simulator with two test cases, the IEEE RTS 96 and Polish 2383-Bus Systems. The proposed attack strategy succeeded in causing 33% of load to be shed while oscillating only 7% of load in the IEEE RTS 96 test system, and full blackout after oscillating only 3% of the load in the Polish test system, which is much smaller than oscillation magnitudes used by other benchmarks.
Children and the Politics of Cultural Belonging

Conversations about multiculturalism rarely consider the position of children, who are presumptively nested in families and communities. Yet providing care for children who are unanchored from their birth families raises questions central to multicultural concerns, as they frequently find themselves moved from communities of origin through adoption or foster care, which deeply affects marginalized communities. This book explores the debate over communal and cultural belonging in three distinct contexts: domestic transracial adoptions of non-American Indian children, the scope of tribal authority over American Indian children, and cultural and communal belonging for transnationally adopted children. Understanding how children 'belong' to families and communities requires hard thinking about the extent to which cultural or communal belonging matters for children and communities, who should have authority to inculcate racial and cultural awareness and, finally, the degree to which children should be expected to adopt and carry forward racial or cultural identities.
Verbs of bitching

Fillmore’s ‘Verbs of judging’ is subtitled ‘an exercise in semantic description’. It is only to avoid compounding the chutzpah that I have not added the same subtitle to this paper. I will be concerned here with the semantic structure of the verbs that Fillmore investigated, roughly those that relate to guilt and virtue, and will operate within a descriptive framework not much different from Fillmore’s.
Open-source applications of TCPA hardware

How can Alice trust computation occurring at Bob's computer? Since it exists and is becoming ubiquitous, the current-generation TCPA/TCG hardware might enable a solution. When we started investigating this technology, the specification of the TCG software stack was not publicly available, and an implementation is still not; so, we designed and built an open-source platform based on Linux and commercially available TCPA/TCG hardware which would allow us to address the problem of trusting computation. Within the limits of TCPA/TCG hardware security, our solution balances what Alice needs to do to make trust judgments against what Bob needs to do to keep his system running. Furthermore, we describe how we use our platform to harden three sample open-source applications: Apache SSL Web servers, OpenCA certification authorities, and (with SELinux) compartmented attestation to balance privacy with DRM. To our knowledge, our project remains the only open-source TCPA/TCG platform in existence, and is also enabling trusted computing applications developed by our user community (enforcer.sourceforge.net reports over 1100 sourcecode downloads so far).
Allele Spectrum of Human Genetic Disease

The allelic spectrum of a disease refers to the number of places in the genome in which DNA sequence variation affects a specified disease, and the relative frequencies of these individual alleles in a population or sample. Most variants will be relatively rare compared with other alleles at their respective location and most typically will have individually weak effects on the risk of the disease. Because variation arises locally by mutation, and spreads only slowly, and because most variants are due to recent mutation, the predominant part of the spectrum consists of many rare variants. However, for all but the simplest of diseases, the effect of a variant, and hence its presence in the disease's allelic spectrum, is dependent on the individual genomic and environmental contexts in which it is found. Key Concepts Mutation and recombination produce variation. The amount of variation varies over time and among populations. Allelic variation contributing to disease is often spread across many sites within a gene or many genes. The frequency of most variants is small, as are their typical effects. The effects of an allele typically depend on its genomic and environmental context in the individual. Keywords: genetic architecture; allele frequencies; allele spectrum; genotype–phenotype relationships; genetic variation
A psychiatric-legal analysis of psychotic criminal defendants charged with murder.

A sample of 25 criminal defendants charged with murder and suffering from psychosis from a large urban multiethnic, multi-cultural community pool was studied. Subject characteristics and information about the homicide and decedents are described. Suggestions for further study are briefly discussed.
Major conference bias and the NCAA men's basketball tournament

The following paper examines the potential bias by the NCAA men's basketball selection committee in favor of major conferences. Employing data from the 1997 – 2006 tournaments, we find evidence for bias in the tournament seeding of teams from the six power conferences when judged against the remaining mid-major and minor conferences. More specifically, the analysis indicates members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) are seeded two positions higher (better) than the model would predict. In addition, the results indicate that members of the Atlantic Coastal Conference (ACC) are commonly seeded to positions lower (worse) than predicted.
Driver workload response to in-vehicle device operations

A central concern of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the effect of in-vehicle devices (e.g., cell phones, navigation systems, radios, etc.) on driver performance and safety. As diverse and innovative technologies are designed and implemented for in-vehicle use, questions regarding the presence and use of these devices assume progressively greater importance. Further concerns for advanced driver training require us to develop and validate reliable and effective procedures for assessing such effects. This work examines a number of candidate procedures, in particular the evaluation of change in cognitive workload as a strategy by which such goals might be achieved.
Different Search Patterns and Similar Decision Outcomes: How Can Experts Agree in the Decisions They Make When Reading Digital Mammograms?

Experts may agree in most decisions that they make when they read a case set of digital mammograms, but eye-position tracking studies suggest that they use very different visual search strategies to make such decisions. If indeed each expert uses a unique strategy, it may be very difficult to teach radiology trainees effective ways to search the background parenchyma. In this study, we examined how much agreement exists in the actual locations used by the experts in their decision making process when reading digital mammograms.
Assessment of Children Who Are Gifted with the WISC-IV

Publisher Summary The greater weighting of the Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning Factors into the Full Scale score benefits the students with strengths in the higher level cognitive areas. In addition, the separation of speed-based tasks into a separate factor allows students who have strengths in the higher level cognitive demands of the verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning tasks to demonstrate their skills with time to reflect. Verbal Comprehension has remained very similar to the WISC-III factor of the same name. For the gifted population, the skills required in the Verbal Comprehension factor are traditionally the strongest indicators of giftedness and this was found to be true with the standardization sample. Perceptual Reasoning has changed signiﬁcantly from the old Perceptual Organization factor. It includes two new core reasoning subtests: Matrix Reasoning and Picture Concepts, in addition to Block Design. All of these subtests were found to discriminate between the gifted and control standardization samples. Although all the factors have undergone some degree of change, the only new factor is the Working Memory Factor. Before looking at the standardization sample, we hypothesized that Working Memory would be a better discriminating factor than Processing Speed for gifted students. Although both Processing Speed and Working Memory did discriminate between the gifted and control samples, in both of these factors there were component tasks for which there were no differences between the two groups.
A fossil turtle from the Green River formation in Utah

In November, 1967, I found a fossil turtle in the talus of a 100 ft cliff whose base is 800 ft above the bottom of the Green River Formation. The cliff is 10.7 mi east of Thistle Junction on U.S. highway 50, Utah County, Utah. The fossil consists of the greater part of the carapace and plastron. The carapace is 240 mm long and 188 mm wide (fig. 1-A). The plastron is 200 mm long and 84 mm wide at the center of the bridge (fig. 1-B). This specimen is now in the Brigham Young University Earth Sciences Museum (No. BYU-R250) . The turtle belongs to the family Emydidae and keys to Echmatemys ocyrrhoe following the key of Hay (1908: 287, 298). He listed records for this genus from the Wasatch Formation, of New Mexico, and the Bridger and Uintah Formations of Wyoming, however, it most closely resembles the illustrations of E. stevensoniaria Leidy, 1870. In order to determine the correct placement of the fossil, its measurements were compared with those of the closely related species E. lativertebralis , E. aegle , E. cyane , E. ocyrrhoe , E. shaughnessiana , and E. stevensoniaria . The length and width ratios of the neural plates and vertebral scutes were computed to determine significant differences (Table 1). The degree of relationship between any two forms was taken as the average of the degrees of relationship for each measurement. This relationship ("R") was calculated with
Rethinking Strategies to Screen for Celiac Disease

* Abbreviations: CD — : celiac disease IgA — : immunoglobulin A NCGS — : nonceliac gluten sensitivity tTG — : transglutaminase Celiac disease (CD) is likely an ancient disease. It is thought that CD became a health problem as people moved from a hunter-gatherer economy to farming-based economy some time during the Neolithic period and geographically in the Fertile Crescent. Indeed, the earliest description of CD is attributed to Aretaeus the Cappadocian. Cappaddocia is adjacent to the Fertile Crescent.1 Recent studies on the introduction of farming, however, demonstrate a complex coexistence of hunter-gatherers and farmers over 2 millennia, and this new observation may affect how we understand the history of CD.2,3 CD is not a benign disease; it can be associated with malnutrition, malabsorption, osteoporosis, liver disease, skin disease, mental health issues, and other health problems. In addition, and of particular concern, undiagnosed CD is associated with a fourfold increased risk of death.4 CD is not a rare disease; prevalence ranges from 0.3% to 3%.5 These observations make it imperative that a diagnosis of CD be definitively made, that consideration be given to … Address correspondence to Susan S. Baker, MD, PhD, Professor of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, 219 Bryant St, Buffalo, NY 14222. E-mail: sbaker{at}upa.chob.edu
Fast incremental proximity search in large graphs

In this paper we investigate two aspects of ranking problems on large graphs. First, we augment the deterministic pruning algorithm in Sarkar and Moore (2007) with sampling techniques to compute approximately correct rankings with high probability under random walk based proximity measures at query time. Second, we prove some surprising locality properties of these proximity measures by examining the short term behavior of random walks. The proposed algorithm can answer queries on the fly without caching any information about the entire graph. We present empirical results on a 600, 000 node author-word-citation graph from the Citeseer domain on a single CPU machine where the average query processing time is around 4 seconds. We present quantifiable link prediction tasks. On most of them our techniques outperform Personalized Pagerank, a well-known diffusion based proximity measure.
Cranial tangential gunshot wounds.

(1991). Cranial tangential gunshot wounds. British Journal of Neurosurgery: Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 525-525.
Effects of Cyclodextrin Type on Vitamin C, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Attributes of a Mandarin Juice Enriched with Pomegranate and Goji Berries

The effects of the addition of cyclodextrins (CDs), β-CD, or HP-β-CD (1%), on the protection of antioxidant compounds of mandarin juices enriched with pomegranate extract and goji berries juice, was studied. Juices were prepared and after their thermal treatment (98 ◦ C, 30 s) they were stored at 4 ◦ C during 75 d. Vitamin C content, CIE L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ color, antioxidant capacity, retinol equivalents, and sensory properties were studied. Losses on vitamin C were higher (6%) for juices with β-CD than juices with HP-β-CD. Retinol equivalents degradation was lower (3.4%) in juices with HP-β-cyclodextrins than in those treated with β-CD. Lower losses were observed for the instrumental and sensory color intensity in juices with HP-β-CD addition. Finally, the antioxidant capacity was also higher in juices treated with HP-β-CD. Finally, the overall sensory quality of juices with HP-β-CD was the best one after 30 d of cold storage. Even though β-CD addition did not cause any improvement compared with control juice (without CD addition), the benefits of adding HP-β-CD to this particular juice were shown in almost all parameters under study. Practical Application: The present study deals with the practical aspects of the utilization of CDs and CD-complexes in the food industry. The molecular encapsulation of lipophilic food ingredients with CD are supposed to improve the stability of flavors, vitamins, colorants, and antioxidant activity, leading to extended product shelf life. The HP-β-CD treated mandarin juice enriched with pomegranate extract and juice of goji berries will have a more intense color, higher vitamin C content, retinol equivalents, and antioxidant activity during storage and shelf life than control juices, with no CD addition.
The Clouds distributed operating system

The authors discuss a paradigm for structuring distributed operating systems, the potential and implications this paradigm has for users, and research directions for the future. They describe Clouds, a general-purpose operating system for distributed environments. It is based on an object-thread model adapted from object-oriented programming. >
Comparison between the invariant line and structural ledge theories for predicting the habit plane, orientation relationship and interphase boundary structure of plate-shaped precipitates

Abstract A comparison is made between the invariant line and structural ledge theories for predicting the habit plane, orientation relationship and (misfit) dislocation structure at interphase boundaries for various transformation strains. It is shown that the fundamental approaches of the invariant line and structural ledge theories are significantly different and that this can lead to the same or different predictions for the habit plane, orientation relationship and dislocation structure between two crystals depending on the type of transformation strain. It is also shown that the structural ledge theory is not applicable to transformations that involve expansion or contraction between orthogonal lattices.
What's the story? The tale of reading fluency told at speed

Fluent readers process written text rapidly and accurately, and comprehend what they read. Historically, reading fluency has been modeled as the product of discrete skills such as single word decoding. More recent conceptualizations emphasize that fluent reading is the product of competency in, and the coordination of, multiple cognitive sub-skills (a multi-componential view). In this study, we examined how the pattern of activation in core reading regions changes as the ability to read fluently is manipulated through reading speed. We evaluated 13 right-handed adults with a novel fMRI task assessing fluent sentence reading and lower-order letter reading at each participant's normal fluent reading speed, as well as constrained (slowed) and accelerated reading speeds. Comparing fluent reading conditions with rest revealed regions including bilateral occipito-fusiform, left middle temporal, and inferior frontal gyral clusters across reading speeds. The selectivity of these regions' responses to fluent sentence reading was shown by comparison with the letter reading task. Region of interest analyses showed that at constrained and accelerated speeds these regions responded significantly more to fluent sentence reading. Critically, as reading speed increased, activation increased in a single reading-related region: occipital/fusiform cortex (left > right). These results demonstrate that while brain regions engaged in reading respond selectively during fluent reading, these regions respond differently as the ability to read fluently is manipulated. Implications for our understanding of reading fluency, reading development, and reading disorders are discussed.
Time-resolved hot luminescence and resonant Raman scattering: Cu2O revisited

Abstract Time-resolved resonant scattering of both one-phonon and two-phonon Raman modes at the 1s ortho-exciton state of the yellow series in Cu2O is reported. From the time dependence of the one-phonon mode we determine the scattering rate among the triply degenerate ortho-exciton states to be 2.5 × 108sec-1. From the two-phonon modes we directly determine the exciton lifetime as a function of its kinetic energy. In both cases the resonant scattering is found to be dominated by hot luminescence.
KETAMINE CHEMICAL RESTRAINT TO FACILITATE RESCUE OF A COMBATIVE “JUMPER”

On May 20, 2004, at approximately 2200 hours, the Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) andHennepin County Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responded to a “jumper” on a bridge overpass over Interstat...
Neuronal cells but not muscle cells are resistant to oxidative stress mediated protein misfolding and cell death: Role of molecular chaperones

Our recent study in a mouse model of familial-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (f-ALS) revealed that muscle proteins are equally sensitive to misfolding as spinal cord proteins despite the presence of low mutant CuZn-superoxide dismutase, which is considered to be the key toxic element for initiation and progression of f-ALS. More importantly, we observed differential level of heat shock proteins (Hsp's) between skeletal muscle and spinal cord tissues prior to the onset and during disease progression; spinal cord maintains significantly higher level of Hsp's compared to skeletal muscle. In this study, we report two important observations; (i) muscle cells (but not neuronal cells) are extremely vulnerable to protein misfolding and cell death during challenge with oxidative stress and (ii) muscle cells fail to mount Hsp's during challenge unlike neuronal cells. These two findings can possibly explain why muscle atrophy precedes the death of motor neurons in f-ALS mice.
Extended embedded-atom method for platinum nanoparticles

We present a new technique to extend the embedded-atom method (EAM) for the simulations of non-bulk systems down to the atomic cluster level. To overcome the limitation of the traditional bulk-fit EAM interatomic potentials, bond characteristics from first-principles calculations are systematically included by introducing a local structure dependent prefactor with three additional parameters to the conventional EAM many-body term. The additional parameters improve the local potential landscape virtually for the entire range of atomic configuration space in a quantitative sense. The proposed scheme is applied to two different EAM function sets and validated for both bulk and non-bulk environments in elemental platinum. The obtained material properties, including the binding energies of Pt particles and the Pt adatom diffusion barrier on the Pt (111) surface, show a significant improvement over the conventional EAM formalism.
Rolling back neutrophil adhesion

Neutrophils and other cells secrete pentraxin 3, which promotes innate immunity by binding to pathogens and activating complement. New work shows that pentraxin 3 also limits neutrophil recruitment by inhibiting rolling on P-selectin in inflamed venules.
Statistical Techniques of Timing Verification

Timing verification of VLSI designs using statistical techniques such as those implemented in Hitchcock's Timing Analysis1 permit a far more precise assessment of machine performance than previous techniques. The accuracy of these results is affected by proper user specification of statistical input parameters and by the algorithmic treatment of the system design. Since these items are both system and technology dependent, the system designer must understand them and apply appropriate statistical techniques in order to insure a properly verified design. This paper both outlines the mathematical derivations and illustrates the magnitude of the improvements to be obtained.
Terminal velocity of dense particles in the multisolid pneumatic transport bed

Abstract The terminal velocity of dense particles in an air-fine particle heterogeneous medium defines the upper operating limit of the gas velocity in the multisolid pneumatic transport bed reactor. The terminal velocity of dense particles in an air-fine particle medium was experimentally determined from the turbulent fluidized bed voidage vs air velocity relationship in this study. It was found that the terminal velocity of dense particles decreases with the increase of the fine particle flow rate. The fine particle and dense particle interaction coefficient was defined based on the momentum balance equation for a dense particle. The interaction coefficient was empirically correlated and utilized to account for the terminal velocity of dense particles in the air-fine particle heterogeneous medium.
Visual and poetic allegory in Bellerofonte Castaldi's extraordinary Capricci a due stromenti

One of Seicento Italy's most intriguing public figures, Bellerofonte Castaldi was as well known for his sensational adventures, controversial poetry, and stinging satires as for his impressive musical activities as a theorbo virtuoso and composer of monody. His volume of sophisticated music for theorbo, Capricci a due stromenti (1622), is fashioned to display his wide-ranging talents as a composer, graphic artist and poet. Its multi-layered approach is designed to appeal to an exclusive audience of theorbo virtuosos, singers of pastoral love songs, and connoisseurs of fine art and poetry. Capricci's several introductory texts include a poetic tour de force in which Castaldi responds to the dedicatory sonnet by Fulvio Testi. The multiple layers of meaning that permeate the full-page engravings and texts reveal the allegorical depth of Castaldi's thinking, offer insights into his opinions on performance practice and music as a vocation, fill in chronological gaps, and shed light on his enigmatic and fascinating personality. This article probes the depths of the allegorical meanings hidden within Capricci's visual artwork and poetry, enriching our appreciation of Castaldi's artistic contribution as a whole.
Solid state coordination chemistry: organic/inorganic hybrid frameworks constructed from tetrapyridylporphyrin and vanadium oxide chains

The hydrothermal reactions of Na3VO4, tetrapyridylporphyrin (tpypor), phenylphosphonic acid and the appropriate M(II) salt yielded the three-dimensional oxide frameworks [Cu(tpypor){Cu2V2O2(O3PC6H5)4}]·2H2O (1·2H2O) and [Ni(tpypor){V4O4(O3PC6H5)4}]·2H2O (2·2H2O), which are constructed from {X2V2O2(O3PC6H5)4}n chains [X = Cu (1), VO (2)] linked through {M(tpypor)} subunits [M = Cu (1), Ni (2)]; the structures differ only in the replacement of the Cu(II) sites on the chain of 1 by {VO}2+ units in the structure of 2, a manifestation of the retention of structural motifs derived from common secondary building units.
Corrections to the energy of two-dimensional polarons in weak magnetic fields

Exact closed-form expressions for the second-order perturbation-theory shift of the $n=0$, $n=1$, and $n=2$ polaron Landau levels in two dimensions are derived. In the limit of weak magnetic field, results recently obtained by Das Sarma [Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 589 (1984); 52, 1570(E) (1984)] are recovered.
Multidetector row CT urography: does supine or prone positioning produce better pelvecalyceal and ureteral opacification?

Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether supine or prone positioning improves pelvicalyceal and ureteral opacification at multi-detector row computed tomographic (CT) urography. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the CT urograms of 114 consecutive patients performed for hematuria. Using a "split-bolus" technique, all patients were imaged 340 s after the injection of intravenous contrast, 63 in the supine and 51 in the prone position. The right and left pelvicalyceal systems and ureters were divided into six segments: anterior calyces, posterior calyces, renal pelvis, proximal ureter, mid ureter, and distal ureter. Two readers rated the opacification of each segment in consensus on a four-point scale from 0 (no opacification) to 3 (excellent opacification). Opacification scores were compared between supine and prone CT urograms using generalized estimating equation models. Results Supine positioning resulted in higher opacification scores of the renal pelvis and the posterior calyces than prone positioning ( P P P values all >.5). Conclusion Supine positioning results in overall greater opacification of the pelvicalyceal system compared to prone positioning at CT urography.
334 Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Premature Infants Treated with Inhaled Nitric Oxide

In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 207 premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome, we previously reported inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) decreased the incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD) and death (Schreiber et al., NEJM, 2003). The study also found that iNO decreased severe intraventricular hemorrhage/perventricular leukomalacia (IVH/PVL). To evaluate the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of these premature infants treated with iNO, we conducted a prospective follow-up of the original cohort (BW 983 378 g, GA 27.0 2.7 wks) to two years corrected age. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development and neurologic examinations were performed by examiners blinded to the original treatment assignment. Abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome was defined as having: A diagnosis of cerebral palsy, bilateral blindness or hearing loss, and/or an MDI or PDI<70. A total of 138 infants (82% of survivors) were followed. Compared with placebo-treated infants, patients treated with iNO had a significantly lower risk of an abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (relative risk 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.87; P=0.01). After adjustment for CLD, the risk of abnormal outcome was still significantly reduced in the iNO group (relative risk, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.95; P=0.03). Similarly, the risk remained reduced even after adjustment for severe IVH/PVL (relative risk, 0.55; 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.89; P=0.01). The iNO group had approximately one half the risk of cognitive impairment (MDI<70) and/or psychomotor impairment (PDI<70) compared with the placebo group (relative risk, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.93; P=0.03). This difference was due primarily to a decrease in cognitive impairment in the iNO group (relative risk, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–0.94; P=0.03) but not in psychomotor impairment (relative risk, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–1.61; P=0.48). In conclusion, premature infants treated with iNO in the first week of life had a significantly lower risk of having an abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome at two years of age.