cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Synthesis of Marine Conservation Planning Approaches

In the last decade, there has been increasing interest—particularly among international non- governmental and multilateral development organizations—in evaluating the effectiveness of conservation and development projects. To evaluate success, we need more comprehensive and case-specific information on how conservation decisions are made. I report on a database that synthesizes information on 27 marine conservation planning cases from around the world. I collected data on each case's geographic scale, primary planning objective and outcome, legal and institutional context, degree of stakeholder involvement, and the ecological criteria and tools used to facilitate conservation decisions. The majority of cases were located in North and Central America, were regional in nature, and had biodiversity conservation as the primary plan- ning objectives. Outcomes included priority-setting plans and implementation of marine reserves and other types of marine protected areas. Governments and local nongovernmental organizations led more partici- patory processes than national and international nongovernmental organizations. Eleven cases considered ecological criteria first, whereas 16 relied on integrated criteria (ecological plus socioeconomic data and other pragmatic considerations) to select priority areas for conservation and management action. Key tools for data integration and synthesis were expert workshops, maps, and reserve-selection algorithms (i.e., computer-based tools for priority setting and reserve design). To facilitate evaluation of success, future documentation of marine conservation planning cases should include a standard set of ecological, social, economic, and institutional elements. To develop standards for effective marine conservation, a more diverse set of documented cases is needed; for example, those that failed were located outside North and Central America, focused on the local geographic scale, or were motivated by objectives other than biodiversity conservation.
A Systematic Review of the Factors that Patients Use to Choose their Surgeon.

Given surgery’s inherent risks, a patient should be able to make the most informed decisions possible in selecting surgical treatment. However, there is little information on what factors patients deem important when choosing a surgeon. We performed a systematic review of the literature focused on how patients select surgical care, focusing on identification of factors that influence patient choice as well as important sources of information used by patients. A search of all available literature on factors associated with choice of surgeon/surgical care, as well as sources of information used by patients before undergoing surgery, was conducted using the MEDLINE/PubMed electronic database. Of the 2315 publications identified, 86 studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, patients draw upon a wide range of factors when choosing surgical care. Surgeon reputation and competency stood out as the most valued professional attributes. Patients also often selected surgeons based on their interpersonal skills. Many patients chose surgical care using hospital, rather than surgeon, characteristics. For these patients, hospital reputation and hospital distance were factors of primary importance. Importantly, most patients relied on word-of-mouth and physician referrals when choosing a surgeon. Patients also expressed interest in quality information on surgeons, indicating that these data would be useful in decision-making. Patients draw upon a myriad of factors when choosing a surgeon and the circumstances surrounding patients’ decisions maybe differ based on sociodemographic, cultural, as well as other factors. Additional information on how patients choose surgeons or hospitals will help providers assist patients in finding their preferred caregivers.
Eutectic Bonding for Inducing In-Plane Strain in Gaas and Gaas/Algaas MQW Thin Films

We present a process for creating in-plane anisotropic strain in (100) GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) thin films. The host substrates used for bonding include (100) GaAs, (100) silicon, and lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) with a special crystalline orientation. A mutilayer metallization consisting of Au-Sn (Au: 80 wt%, Sn: 20 wt%, 0.95μm), Ti (500A) adhesion layer and Pt (500A) barrier layer is deposited on the thin films and the host substrates. By choosing a proper annealing temperature (380°C) and thickness of eutectic layer, the thin films and the substrates are bonded together. Photoluminescence measurements do not reveal any thermally induced strain in the thin films bonded to GaAs; however, they show the existence of in-plane biaxial strain in the films bonded on Si. Linearly polarized reflectance measurements reveal an optical anisotropy in the MQW bonded to LiTaO3, which possesses an orientation-dependent thermal expansion. This indicates that the in-plane strain in the thin films is induced by the different thermal expansions between the thin films and the substrates. This process can be used to develop a new class of devices with an artificially induced in-plane strain.
Anomalous luminescence dynamics of Eu 3 + in BaFCl microcrystals

Spectroscopic properties of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ ions $(l0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{at}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%)$ at two main sites of BaFCl microcrystals are investigated. For ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ ions at site I the energy levels and luminescence intensity distribution are similar to most other normal systems ever reported. But the $^{5}D_{0}$ lifetime of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ at site I decreases rapidly with the temperature and the nonradiative energy transfer (ET) rate is observed to be ${T}^{2}$ dependence. In contrast, ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ at site II shows unusual energy level structure and luminescence intensity distribution with the strongest $^{5}D_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{7}F_{0}$ transition. The nonradiative ET rate of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ at site II obeys a ${T}^{9}$ dependence. Spectroscopic results and theoretical analyses indicate that site II is associated with the charge compensator ${\mathrm{O}}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ occupying the nearest ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ site around ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$. The mechanisms for anomalous luminescence properties at both sites are further discussed based on the model of charge transfer vibronic exciton (CTVE) and charge-imbalance induced large linear crystal-field potential.
Production of Haploid Plants of Melon by Pseudofertilized Ovule Culture

Haploid melons were obtained from 12 cultivars when ovules pollinated with irradiated pollen were cultured on either MS medium without plant growth substances or E20A medium with 0.01mg/l IAA. All the plants obtained were haploid. The chromosome doubling occurred only in the root tips of haploid plants, not in other organs.
Vesicovaginal fistula repair without intentional cystotomy using the laparoscopic robotic approach: a case report.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fistulas inaccessible from the vagina may require abdominal repair; we sought to evaluate the robotic-assisted laparoscopic approach for this procedure. METHODS A 41-year-old nulliparous woman presented with urinary incontinence following an abdominal hysterectomy, and office evaluation identified a vesicovaginal fistula. After discussion with the patient regarding the surgical options, the robotic approach was chosen to facilitate precise dissection, fine visualization, and suturing. A stent was placed from the bladder into the vagina, and no intentional cystotomy was made. The bladder was dissected away from the anterior vaginal wall at the fistula site, and the defects were closed independently with interposition of a fatty epiploica from the sigmoid colon. Total operative time was approximately 4 hours, and robotic time was about 2.5 hours. RESULTS At 3 months after surgery, the patient had no recurrent symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The robotic-assisted laparoscopic approach is a viable option for successful repair of a vesicovaginal fistula in a patient in whom a vaginal approach is not indicated.
Effect of Strong Magnetic Fields on Superfluid 3He in 98% Porosity Aerogel

We report our results of shear acoustic impedance measurements performed on superfluid 3He in 98% porosity silica aerogel. Experiments in high porosity aerogel provide unique opportunity to study the influence of disorder on a p-wave superfluid and compare the behavior with that of the well understood pure bulk. Our experiment is designed to detect acoustic signatures from both bulk liquid and liquid in aerogel. In the past, experiments on 3He in aerogel have been conducted in zero or low magnetic fields (< 1 tesla). We made measurements in magnetic fields as high as 15 tesla at 28.4 and 33.5 bars and observed a new phase in aerogel induced by magnetic fields splitting the superfluid transition into two.
A correlation-based approach to trustworthy sensing for cyber-physical systems

Trustworthiness of sensing is of great importance to the monitoring and control of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), because it provides the physical foundation for ascertaining the performance of the system being monitored, based on which control actions are executed. Since sensors in CPS are often placed in different locations, current methods that depend on redundant information from sensors at the same location for trustworthiness evaluation is not suitable for such applications. A novel correlation-based approach is proposed in this paper to determine the trustworthiness of sensing. Specifically, the approach first exploits correlations between sensors by mapping all data to a base sensor, which can be chosen randomly. Then, trustworthiness of each sensor is determined using integrated information of these mapped data. Two case studies are investigated to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach for trustworthy sensing.
Art Corner: "A Glimpse of Discernment" and "A Thousand Blessings"

Bradley E. Bunn, a self-taught artist living and working in Mid-Michigan, reveals the nature of resiliency found in adolescence through his artwork in this issue. His work captures the glimmers of hopeful expectancy found within the many faces of youth who have crossed his path over the years.
Analyzing semi-competing risks data with missing cause of informative terminal event

Cancer studies frequently yield multiple event times that correspond to landmarks in disease progression, including non-terminal events (i.e., cancer recurrence) and an informative terminal event (i.e., cancer-related death). Hence, we often observe semi-competing risks data. Work on such data has focused on scenarios in which the cause of the terminal event is known. However, in some circumstances, the information on cause for patients who experience the terminal event is missing; consequently, we are not able to differentiate an informative terminal event from a non-informative terminal event. In this article, we propose a method to handle missing data regarding the cause of an informative terminal event when analyzing the semi-competing risks data. We first consider the nonparametric estimation of the survival function for the terminal event time given missing cause-of-failure data via the expectation-maximization algorithm. We then develop an estimation method for semi-competing risks data with missing cause of the terminal event, under a pre-specified semiparametric copula model. We conduct simulation studies to investigate the performance of the proposed method. We illustrate our methodology using data from a study of early-stage breast cancer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible anodized aluminum oxide membranes with customizable back contact materials

Anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes were fabricated using flexible substrate/carrier material. This method facilitates the use of AAO templates with many different materials as substrates that are otherwise incompatible with most anodization techniques. Thin titanium (Ti) and tungsten (W) layers were employed as interlayer materials. Titanium enhances adhesion. Tungsten not only helps eliminate the barrier layer but also plays a critical role in enabling the use of flexible substrates. The resulting flexible templates provide new, exciting opportunities in photovoltaic and other device applications. CuInSe2 nanowires were electrochemically deposited into porous AAO templates with molybdenum (Mo) as the back contact material. The feasibility of using any material to form a contact with semiconductor nanowires has been demonstrated for the first time enabling new avenues in photovoltaic applications.
Performance of Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery: the roles of ethnicity and language backgrounds.

AbstractObjective: This study examined the influence of Hispanic ethnicity and language/cultural background on performance on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB). Method: Participants included healthy, primarily English-speaking Hispanic (n = 93; Hispanic-English), primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic (n = 93; Hispanic-Spanish), and English speaking Non-Hispanic white (n = 93; NH white) adults matched on age, sex, and education levels. All participants were in the NIH Toolbox national norming project and completed the Fluid and Crystallized components of the NIHTB-CB. T-scores (demographically-unadjusted) were developed based on the current sample and were used in analyses. Results: Spanish-speaking Hispanics performed worse than English-speaking Hispanics and NH whites on demographically unadjusted NIHTB-CB Fluid Composite scores (ps < .01). Results on individual measures comprising the Fluid Composite showed significant group differences on tests of executive inhibitory control (p = .001), proce...
Relationship between Race and the Effect of Fluids on Long-term Mortality after Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Secondary Analysis of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial.

Rationale: Short-term follow-up in the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT) suggested differential mortality by race with conservative fluid management, but no significant interaction.Objective: In a post hoc analysis of FACTT including 1-year follow-up, we sought to estimate long-term mortality by race and test for an interaction between fluids and race.Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of FACTT and the Economic Analysis of Pulmonary Artery Catheters (EAPAC) study (which included 655 of the 1,000 FACTT patients with near-complete 1-year follow up). We fit a multistate Markov model to estimate 1-year mortality for all non-Hispanic black and white randomized FACTT subjects. The model estimated the distribution of time from randomization to hospital discharge or hospital death (available on all patients) and estimated the distribution of time from hospital discharge to death using data on patients after hospital discharge for patients in EAPAC. The 1-year mortality was found by combining these...
Teaching chi-square test for independence using simulation in Excel and R

Chi-square test for independence is an important topic in the introductory statistics curriculum. Students in introductory statistics classes have difficulties in understanding the concepts in many topics including the Chi-square test for independence. Computer simulation methods allow students to experiment with data and to visualize the concepts. In this article, we show how to use Excel and R to generate many random samples to simulate the Chi-square test. Both software packages provide easier ways to perform the simulation in order to conduct the test. This approach will give students a better feel about concepts including the p-value of the test. Our final exam assessment showed improvement in the students' understanding of concepts.
Constitutions and Foreign Relations Law: The Dynamics of Substitutes and Complements

National constitutions are central to the field of foreign relations law, which is defined by Curtis Bradley in his essay as “the domestic law of each nation that governs how that nation interacts with the rest of the world.” In this contribution to the symposium, I wish to explore the relation between foreign relations law and national constitutions, arguing that a “foreign relations lens” helps elucidate an underappreciated core purpose of these foundational texts. Next, I want to show how the shifting boundaries of constitutions serve to allocate lawmaking authority, emphasizing the substitution between international and domestic norms. Finally, I offer a comparative constitutional perspective on foreign relations law, laying out an agenda for future work in the area.
CO2 absorption rate in semi-aqueous monoethanolamine

Abstract Post-combustion CO2 capture using amine scrubbing is the most promising technology to reduce CO2 emissions from coal- or gas-fired power plants. Increasing CO2 absorption rate (kg′) reduces the absorber capital cost, which is the cost center of the capture plant. By partially replacing water with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in 7 m (30 wt%) aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA), the CO2 absorption rate (kg′) is significantly enhanced because of lower CO2 loading/higher free MEA at the same CO2 partial pressure (P∗CO2), greater CO2 physical solubility, and greater MEA activity. At 40 °C, in the operating range of 100–5000 Pa P∗CO2, the average kg′ of 7 m MEA in 3 water/1 NMP, 1 water/3 NMP, and 1 water/19 NMP is 1.1 times, 2 times, and 5 times that of 7 m aqueous MEA, respectively. CO2 physical solubility, solvent viscosity, and MEA activity were measured. A kinetic model was built in MATLAB® to better understand the mass transfer of CO2 into semi-aqueous MEA (MEA-NMP-water). The model suggests that the diffusion and reaction of CO2 into aqueous MEA can be approximated by pseudo-first-order (PFO) behavior and adding NMP causes deviation from PFO by the depletion of MEA at the surface. The semi-aqueous solvent provides an excellent rate of CO2 absorption, but the increased viscosity reduces normalized capacity and the volatility of the physical solvent must be addressed.
Aortic root replacement with cryopreserved homograft for infective endocarditis in the modern North American opioid epidemic

Abstract Objective To study mid-term survival in patients with infective endocarditis as a result of IV drug use undergoing aortic root replacement with cryopreserved aortic homograft. Methods Patients undergoing aortic root homograft replacement from 2011-2017 were studied retrospectively. Aortic root replacement was performed using a modified Bentall technique. Primary outcomes included both short-term and mid-term survival. Secondary outcomes included immediate postoperative complications. Results A total of 138 patients underwent cryopreserved homograft replacement of the aortic root for aortic root abscesses. Eighty-five patients (61.6%) underwent reoperative sternotomy, and 12 patients (8.7%) underwent second or third reoperative sternotomy. Sixty-seven (48.5%) patients had severe aortic insufficiency preoperatively. Operative mortality was 12.3% (17 patients). Five patients (3.6%) sustained a permanent stroke. Twenty-one patients (15.2%) required dialysis for renal failure, and 21 patients (15.2%) had complete heart block necessitating a permanent pacemaker. Estimated 5-year mortality for the cohort was 43%. Conclusions Cryopreserved homograft replacement is a safe and desirable option for high-risk patients with infective endocarditis and aortic root abscess. Homograft accommodation for a widely debrided aortic annular bed provides a reasonable surgical strategy for patients needing aortic root replacement with annular abscess.
Injury Associated with High Voltage Pulsing for Transdermal Drug Delivery

High voltage (HV) transdermal pulses have been hypothesized to cause electroporation within the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin, and are under investigation for transdermal drug delivery and analyte extraction for non-invasive sensing.1–14 Possible side effects related to tissue injury must therefore be considered, and found acceptable for the benefit derived. Here we consider the theoretical basis for some of the likely sources of injury, and briefly review the findings of experimental studies.
Reprogramming chick RPE progeny cells to differentiate towards retinal neurons by ash1.

PURPOSE Harnessing a cell culture of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to give rise to retinal neurons may offer a source of developing neurons for cell-replacement studies. This study explores the possibility of reprogramming RPE progeny cells to differentiate toward retinal neurons with achaete-scute homolog 1 (ash1), a proneural gene that is expressed in progenitor cells in the developing retina and promotes amacrine cell production when overexpressed in the chick retina. METHODS Replication Competent Avian Splice (RCAS) retrovirus was used to drive the ectopic expression of ash1 in cell cultures of dissociated RPE isolated from day 6 chick embryos. RCAS expressing green fluorescent protein (RCAS-GFP) was used as control. The cultures were examined for de novo generation of neuron-like cells by molecular, cellular, and physiologic criteria. RESULTS In control cultures infected with RCAS-GFP, RPE cells appeared cobblestone-like and often darkly pigmented. In cultures infected with RCAS-ash1, however, cells remained de-pigmented and frequently formed clusters. Further examination at the morphological and molecular levels showed the development of elaborate processes characteristic of neurons and the expression of genes/markers that identify different types of retinal neurons. The most prevalently expressed neural marker was calretinin, which in the chick retina identifies amacrine, ganglion, and horizontal cells. As an assay for functional maturation, the reprogrammed cells were analyzed for the presence of functional, ionotropic glutamate receptors that lead to a rise in the cytosolic free calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration. Calcium imaging showed that reprogrammed cells responded to glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) by increasing their Ca(2+) concentrations, which, after reaching a peak level, returned to the basal level. The response curves of reprogrammed cells resembled those of cultured retinal neurons. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that RPE progeny cells can be reprogrammed by ash1 to develop molecular, morphological, and physiologic properties that are characteristic of retinal neurons.
Loop Statements and Vectorizing Code

The chapter introduces the concepts of counted ( for ) and conditional ( while ) loops. Many common uses such as summing and counting are covered using the programming method. Nested loops are also introduced. Some more sophisticated uses of loops such as error-checking and combining loops and selection statements are also covered. Finally, vectorizing code, by using built-in functions and operators on vectors and matrices instead of looping through them, is demonstrated. Tips for writing efficient code are emphasized, and tools for analyzing code are introduced.
In a “nutshell”: intrinsically radio-labeled quantum dots

Quantum dots (QDs) have many intriguing properties suitable for biomedical imaging applications. The poor tissue penetration of optical imaging in general, including those using QDs, has motivated the development of various QD-based dual-modality imaging agents. In this issue of AJNMMI (http://www.ajnmmi.us), Sun et al. reported the synthesis and in vitro/in vivo characterization of intrinsically radio-labeled QDs (r-QDs), where (109)Cd was incorporated into the core/shell of QDs of various compositions. These r-QDs emit in the near-infrared range, have long circulation half-life, are quite stable with low cytotoxicity, exhibit small size and low accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system, and can allow for accurate measurement of their biodistribution in mice. With these desirable features demonstrated in this study, future development and optimization will further enhance the biomedical potential of intrinsically radio-labeled QDs.
The Neo-Kraepelinian Movement and the Medical Model

The previous chapter introduced the neo-Kraepelinian movement and discussed its impact on modern American psychiatry. This movement was presented through a detailed analysis of the Feighner paper.
The Functional Properties of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Melanopsin in Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells

Only slightly over a decade ago, the rods and cones in the outer retina were thought to be the exclusive photoreceptors in mammals. Since then, the discovery of an additional photopigment melanopsin (a G protein-coupled receptor, GPCR) expressed in a small subset of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) has expanded upon the conventional view of light detection and information flow in the retina. In this chapter, we will highlight our current understanding of the structure and function of melanopsin, the cell biology and physiology of ipRGCs, how ipRGCs are integrated into the retinal circuitry, and the role of ipRGCs in visual behaviors.
Single cell translocations in couples with multiple spontaneous abortions

Single cell translocations have been previously reported to occur in normal lymphocyte cultures. Comparison of the frequency of these in 140 individuals referred for a history of multiple miscarriages and 415 individuals referred for other reasons showed a significantly greater number of single cell translocations in the former group. This group also had a significantly greater number of other types of single cell structural abnormalities. Increased chromosome instability, chromosome mosaicism, residual fetal trophoblasts, and immunological differences are discussed in considering the possible etiology.
The role of O-6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in drug resistance and strategies for its inhibition.

The marginal level of clinical responses to the Chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENU, i.e. BCNU, CCNU, MeCCNU) suggests that there may exist an innate mechanism of resistance in tumors to these chemotherapeutic agents. A decade of research from many laboratories around the world has led to the identification of the mechanisms for tumor cell resistance to the CENU. The ability to prevent the formation of DNA interstrand crosslinks, thought to be the critical lethal lesion induced by these agents, is accomplished in a majority of human tumors by the unique DNA repair protein O-6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). This review addresses the identification of this mechanism of resistance to therapy, and chemotherapeutic strategies to inhibit this DNA repair system, in an attempt to sensitize resistant tumors to the CENU.
Flipped classroom use in chemistry education: results from a survey of postsecondary faculty members

The aim of this study is to offer a current snapshot of flipped classroom use in postsecondary chemistry education. Data from a national survey of chemistry faculty members in the United States formed the basis of an investigation into the instructional contexts in which flipped classroom pedagogies are employed in postsecondary chemistry education. Our results reveal an association between flipped classroom use and the level at which a course is taught; in addition, our results provide support for the utility of flipped classrooms as a means for incorporation of pedagogical practices focused on active and collaborative learning.
Early Indices of Reduced Cochlear Function in Young Adults with Type-1 Diabetes Revealed by DPOAE Fine Structure.

Background The relationship between type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cochlear dysfunction remains inconclusive. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) in normal-hearing young adults with type-1 DM as compared with matched controls and identify potential covariates influencing OAE findings. Research design Cross-sectional study. Study sample N = 40 young adults aged 18-28 years including individuals with type-1 DM (n = 20) and age-gender matched controls (n = 20) with normal hearing sensitivity. Data collection and analysis Measures of pure-tone threshold sensitivity and OAEs, including distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), transient evoked OAEs, and DPOAE fine structure, were compared between groups. Covariates such as noise exposure and DM-related factors (e.g., duration of disease, glycated hemoglobin levels) were considered. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance and linear regression. Results Measures of hearing sensitivity and auditory function in both groups were comparable for all assays, except DPOAE fine structure. A reduced number of fine structure peaks and component amplitudes were found in the type-1 diabetes DM group with the primary difference in the reflection component. Conclusions The results indicate that reduced cochlear function in young adults with type-1 DM can be revealed using DPOAE fine structure, suggesting potential clinical applications of DPOAE fine structure in early identification of cochlear pathology. Potential factors underlying these findings are discussed.
The background temperature of the protoplanetary disk within the first four million years of the Solar System.

Abstract The background temperature of the protoplanetary disk is a fundamental but poorly constrained parameter that strongly influences a wide range of conditions and processes in the early Solar System, including the widespread process(es) by which chondrules originate. Chondrules, mm-scale objects composed primarily of silicate minerals, were formed in the protoplanetary disk almost entirely during the first four million years of Solar System history but their formation mechanism(s) are poorly understood. Here we present new constraints on the sub-silicate solidus cooling rates of chondrules at
The Impact of Endometriosis on Quality of Life in Adolescents.

Abstract Purpose While endometriosis is recognized to have a high patient burden for adults, the level of morbidity it causes for adolescents has been understudied, and may be minimized by clinicians. The purpose of this study was to determine whether endometriosis has a significant impact on quality of life (QOL) for adolescents and young adults. Methods Five hundred and sixty-seven participants (360 cases and 207 controls) aged Results Adolescents with endometriosis had significantly lower physical component summary (mean [standard deviation]: 43.4 [11.1] vs. 53.8 [7.6], p Conclusions Endometriosis is associated with significantly worse reports of QOL for adolescents and young women with endometriosis compared to unaffected peers. Earlier menarche was associated with poorer physical health-related QOL among cases, whereas severe pelvic pain was associated with both poorer physical and mental health-related QOL among cases. Impairment in QOL is not limited to adults with endometriosis, but affects younger patients as well.
National trend of utilization, clinical and economic outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objectives: We aimed to trend the utilization of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) among COPD patients, compare its outcomes to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and assess any social disparities in its outcomes. Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been increasingly undergoing TAVR, but studies to evaluate the national trend of TAVR utilization and outcomes are still lacking. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using a nationally representative database, the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Results: From 2010 to 2014, the proportion of TAVR among COPD patients has increased from 50%. Patients who underwent TAVR were older, more likely to be women or white, carried more public insurance and had more comorbidities. There was no overall difference in mortality between TAVR and SAVR (2.74% vs. 2.59%, p = .860), and it has been consistently similar over time. However, patients with TAVR had shorter length of stay in the hospital after the procedure and were more likely to be discharged home than the SAVR group. Among the TAVR group, there were no gender, race or insurance disparities for in-hospital mortality, but female gender was related to lower discharge home rate, higher cost and longer stay in hospital. Conclusions: The rate of TAVR among COPD patients has been increasing nationally since 2011. In spite of higher comorbidities, TAVR did not show a difference in hospital mortality compared to SAVR but demonstrated shorter length of stay and more home discharges. This suggests that TAVR is a viable and potentially better option for patients with COPD.
Complete Endoscopic and Histopathological Remission of Mantle Cell Lymphoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and incurable subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Primary gastrointestinal (GI) MCLs are even rarer, accounting for only 1%-4% of GI lymphomas. We describe a case of a 77-year-old female who presented with complaints of indigestion and abdominal bloating. An upper endoscopy was performed which revealed a duodenal bulb polyp, biopsies of which were consistent with MCL. She was initially observed without any chemotherapy; however, a repeat endoscopy two years later revealed that she now also had MCL of the ileocecal valve. The patient was initiated on treatment with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CVP). She underwent regular surveillance with her oncologist after completion of her chemotherapy and repeat surveillance scans remained negative for any recurrence. A repeat upper endoscopy with endoscopic ultrasound and colonoscopy were performed which showed complete endoscopic and histopathological remission of her lymphoma. Patients with MCL typically have a poor prognosis; however, our patient remains symptom free and in complete remission six years from her initial diagnosis.
A Social-­‐Justice Informed Evaluation of a Mentorship-Based Program Pairing At-Risk Youth and Holocaust Survivors

This paper describes a social justice informed, formative evaluation of a community-based intervention program in our community that paired marginalized Latinx youth and Holocaust survivor mentors. This program is a unique effort to address the issues facing this youth population through difficult dialogues and mentorship from a group who has clearly suffered oppression. Using a qualitative, community-based approach, eight program participants were interviewed to explore the aspects of the program that were helpful or challenging among youth mentees and survivor mentors. We reflect on the success of mentorship interventions in promoting bridges of understanding between populations with different combinations of power and privilege. Emergent themes from the evaluation suggest that this community-based mentorship program led to several positive outcomes, including increased openness to diversity, increased empathy, and increased potential meaning-making for mentor survivors, as well as some challenges such as clearer program expectations and program planning issues. Using a lens of Positive Youth Development and social justice, we detail the lessons learned from this mentoring program for future counselors and psychologists interested in program development and evaluation. We also provide reflections on the formative program evaluation process for future community-based researchers and the personal impact of the experience on the students in training. Finally, we reflect on impact validity and the systems level transformative change that can be promoted through community-based programs such as this one.
A Typology of U.S. Shrinking Cities

The literature on shrinking cities has significantly grown in recent years. Little work, however, has been done toward the development of a shrinking city typology, which could help inform solution...
Ultimate colliders for particle physics: Limits and possibilities

The future of the world-wide HEP community critically depends on the feasibility of the concepts for the post-LHC Higgs factories and energy frontier future colliders. Here we overview the accelera...
Interrogating academic hegemony in community-based participatory research to address health inequities:

Community-based participatory research holds promise for addressing health inequities. It focuses on issues salient to specific populations, prioritizes community engagement and amplifies the voices of marginalized populations in policy formulation and designing interventions. Although communities are partners, academic hegemony limits their level of influence over the research initiative. Drawing from our own collaborative research experiences, we raise questions for community-engaged health services researchers to reflect upon as a means of interrogating academic hegemony in partnerships that seek to address health inequities. We describe what it means for researchers to acknowledge and relinquish the power they wield in the community-engaged health services research enterprise. We propose three guiding principles for advancing equity: authentic engagement, defining and living values, and embracing accountability.
Buy-many mechanisms: what are they and why should you care?

Multi-item mechanisms can be very complex, offering many different bundles to the buyer that could even be randomized. Such complexity is thought to be necessary as the revenue gaps between randomized and deterministic mechanisms, or deterministic and simple mechanisms are huge even for additive valuations. Furthermore, the optimal revenue displays strange properties such as non-continuity: changing valuations by tiny multiplicative amounts can change the optimal revenue by an arbitrarily large multiplicative factor. Our work shows that these strange properties do not apply to most natural situations as they require that the mechanism overcharges the buyer for a bundle while selling individual items at much lower prices. In such cases, the buyer would prefer to break his order into smaller pieces paying a much lower price overall.We advocate studying a new revenue benchmark, namely the optimal revenue achievable by "buy-many" mechanisms, that is much better behaved. In a buy-many mechanism, the buyer is allowed to interact with the mechanism multiple times instead of just once. We show that the optimal buy-many revenue for any n item setting is at most O(log n) times the revenue achievable by item pricing. Furthermore, a mechanism of finite menu-size (n/e)2O(n) suffices to achieve (1 + e)-approximation to the optimal buy-many revenue. Both these results are tight in a very strong sense, as any family of mechanisms with description complexity sub-doubly-exponential in n cannot achieve better than logarithmic approximation in revenue. In contrast, for buy-one mechanisms, no simple mechanism of finite menu-size can get a finite-approximation in revenue. Moreover, the revenue of buy-one mechanisms can be extremely sensitive to multiplicative changes in values, while as we show optimal buy-many mechanisms satisfy revenue continuity.
Comparison of post-COVID depression and major depressive disorder

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic rates of depressive symptoms are markedly elevated, particularly among survivors of infection. Understanding whether such symptoms are distinct among those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, or simply a nonspecific reflection of elevated stress, could help target interventions. MethodWe analyzed data from multiple waves of a 50-state survey that included questions about COVID-19 infection as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire examining depressive and anxious symptoms. We utilized multiple logistic regression to examine whether sociodemographic features associated with depression liability differed for those with or without prior COVID-19, and then whether depressive symptoms differed among those with or without prior COVID-19. ResultsAmong 91,791 respondents, in regression models, age, gender, race, education, and income all exhibited an interaction with prior COVID-19 in risk for moderate or greater depressive symptoms (p<0.0001 in all cases), indicating differential risk in the two subgroups. Among those with such symptoms, levels of motoric symptoms and suicidality were significantly greater among those with prior COVID-19 illness. Depression risk increased with greater interval following acute infection. DiscussionOur results suggest that major depressive symptoms observed among individuals with prior COVID-19 illness may not reflect typical depressive episodes, and merit more focused neurobiological investigation.
Integrative Body, Mind, and Spirit Interventions used with Parents in the Child Welfare System

Parenting is a critical component of child welfare’s intervention efforts; however, child welfare interventions attempt to correct dysfunctional parenting practices rather than address their shared underlying causes, such as parental stress and trauma. Ongoing stress can overload a parents’ ability to access logical decision-making capabilities. Parents can utilize integrative body, mind, and spirit interventions to remain calm when they experience chronic stress. These interventions can offer stressed out parents techniques that focus on emotional regulation, and subsequently reduce the risk of child maltreatment. This article offers a comprehensive review of the literature identifying parental stress as a critical component of child welfare as well as the usefulness of including integrative mind, body, and spirit interventions with parents in the child welfare system.
Chapter 12. Antiviral Agents

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the development and clinical studies of antiviral agents. The role of RNA directed DNA-polymerase with regard to oncogenic viruses has been examined and a search for inhibitors of this enzyme as potential antiviral agents has focused on the ansamacrolides. Isoprinosine is claimed to have a range of antiviral activity in experimental laboratory infections and uncontrolled human trials claiming efficacy have been reported. Human interferon has a limited but measurable activity against a number of strains of adenovirus. The absence of interferon in serial serum specimens collected prior to and during the incubation and acute phase of transfusion associated hepatitis may in part be related to the chronicity of the disease. Innoculation of mice with Friend virus results in a progressive increase in spleen size, followed by eventual rupture and death. Administration of double-stranded RNA prior to or in the early stages of infection increases the severity of the disease, whereas treatment with the RNA beginning 5 days after infection causes a marked reduction in spleen size and a more normal histological appearance of the spleen. Chlorite oxidized oxyamylose protects mice against foot and mouth disease virus but did not protect swine against the natural infection.
NMDA receptors and fear extinction: implications for cognitive behavioral therapy.

Based primarily on studies that employ Pavlovian fear conditioning, extinction of conditioned fear has been found to be mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. This led to the discovery that an NMDA partial agonist, D-cycloserine, could facilitate fear extinction when given systemically or locally into the amygdala. Because many forms of cognitive behavioral therapy depend on fear extinction, this led to the successful use of D-cycloserine as an adjunct to psychotherapy in patients with so-called simple phobias (fear of heights), social phobia, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and panic disorder. Data in support of these conclusions are reviewed, along with some of the possible limitations of D-cycloserine as an adjunct to psychotherapy.
Avoiding onboarding and promotion traps

Purpose – The author believes that it is crucial to follow a comprehensive framework for making transitions, one that distills the experience of many leaders facing a diverse range of situations when taking on a new job or a promotion. Design/methodology/approach – The author, an internationally known consultant, has distilled the experience of many leaders facing a diverse range of onboarding situations into a learning framework. Findings – New leaders must be systematic and focused about deciding what they need to learn and how they will learn it most efficiently. Practical implications – A leader's successful transition into a new position depends on the ability to influence people outside direct line of control. Supportive alliances, both internal and external, are necessary if leaders are to achieve their goals. Originality/value – The author shows the potential benefits to the organization from systematically accelerating everyone's learning during major transitions.
The effect of coupling on luminosity [storage rings]

In a storage ring the existence of skew quadrupoles, solenoids, and other coupling elements breaks the independence of the horizontal and vertical motions. With the flat beams used in electron/positron colliding beam storage rings this coupling results in an increase in the vertical beam size with an attendant loss in luminosity. By defining a 'badness' parameter B/sub c/ the luminosity loss can be directly related to measurements of the coupling.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies: A National Survey of Critical Care Nurses

• BACKGROUND Demand for complementary and alternative therapies is increasing and is affecting all healthcare settings, including critical care. • METHODS A random sample of members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses was surveyed to determine the members’ attitudes, knowledge, perspectives, and use of complementary and alternative therapies. • RESULTS Most of the 726 respondents were using one or more complementary and alternative therapies in practice. The most common therapies used were diet, exercise, relaxation techniques, and prayer. A majority of the nurses had some knowledge of more than half of the 28 therapies listed on the survey, and a majority desired additional training for 25 therapies. Respondents generally required more evidence judged as essential to use or recommend conventional therapy than to use or recommend complementary and alternative therapies. Nurses viewed complementary and alternative therapies positively overall, were open to use of the therapies, and perceived them as legitimate and beneficial to patients. Nurses judged the therapies helpful for treatment of a variety of symptoms. A majority of nurses desired an increase in the availability of the therapies for patients, patients’ families, and nursing staff. Nurses’ professional use of the therapies was related to having more knowledge of them, perceiving benefits of them, total number of therapies they recommended to patients, personal use, and affiliation with a mainstream religion. • CONCLUSIONS Educational programs that provide information about use of complementary and alternative therapies and the underlying evidence base most likely will increase the appropriate use of the therapies to achieve desired outcomes. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2005;14:404-416)