cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adhesive Performance of Sorghum Protein Extracted from Sorghum DDGS and Flour

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is the main co-product from grain-based ethanol production. The objective of this research was to compare the adhesive performance of three types of sorghum proteins: acetic acid-extracted sorghum protein from DDGS (PI), aqueous ethanol-extracted sorghum protein from DDGS (PII) and acetic acid-extracted sorghum protein from sorghum flour (PF). Physicochemical properties including amino acid composition, and rheological, thermal and morphological properties also were characterized. Results showed that PI had the best adhesion performance in terms of dry, wet and soak adhesion strength, followed by PF and PII. The wet strength of PI at a concentration of 12% protein assembled at 150 °C was 3.15 MPa, compared to 2.17 MPa and 2.59 MPa for PII and PF, respectively. DSC thermograms indicated that the PF protein isolates contained higher levels of carbohydrates than PI and PII; such non-protein contaminants in the PF isolate could be the reason for its lower adhesion strength than PI. In addition, PI might have more hydrophobic amino acids aligned at the protein-wood interface than PII, which could explain the better water resistance of PI. The optimum sorghum protein concentration and pressing temperature for maximum adhesion strength was 12% and 150 °C. PI had a significantly higher wet strength (3.15 MPa) than unmodified soy protein (1.63 MPa for soy protein). The high percentage of hydrophobic amino acids in PI (57%) was likely a key factor in the increased water resistance of PI compared with soy protein (36% hydrophobic amino acids). These results indicated that sorghum protein has huge potential as an alternative to petroleum-based adhesives.
Macronutrients and caloric intake in health and longevity

Both lifespan and healthspan are influenced by nutrition, with nutritional interventions proving to be robust across a wide range of species. However, the relationship between nutrition, health and aging is still not fully understood. Caloric restriction is the most studied dietary intervention known to extend life in many organisms, but recently the balance of macronutrients has been shown to play a critical role. In this review, we discuss the current understanding regarding the impact of calories and macronutrient balance in mammalian health and longevity, and highlight the key nutrient-sensing pathways that mediate the effects of nutrition on health and ageing.
Learning by Browsing: A Web-Based Multimedia Browsing System for Learning

Multimedia, especially video, is widely used in educational applications. More and more universities and corporations now provide videotaped lectures online for knowledge sharing and learning. However, people often have difficulties in finding specific information in these lecture videos because of the unstructured and linear nature of video. Segmenting the videos into short clips based on topic transition and organizing these video segments into well-formed browsing structures will facilitate information searching and may further enhance learning. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a Web-based multimedia learning system with automatically generated browsing structures such as hierarchical tables of contents, index and hyperlink. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the system in supporting learning.
D-space and deform closure: a framework for holding deformable parts

We extend the form closure framework for rigid parts to holding a class of deformable parts. In this class, a part is a linearly elastic, frictionless polygon with a finite element mesh and given stiffness matrix. We define the D-space (deformation-space) of a part as the C-space of all its mesh nodes. We define the free space as the intersection of the set of topology preserving mesh configurations with the complement of the union of all D-obstacles that represent collisions of the part with finger bodies. Consider a given set of finger bodies in frictionless contact with a part. When positive work is needed to release the part, we say that it is in deform closure. We present a numerical example and prove two results: (1) if contact set holds a rigid part in form closure, it will hold the equivalent deformable part in deform closure; and (2) deform closure is frame invariant.
Compartmented mode workstation: prototype highlights

The primary goal of the MITRE compartmented mode workstation (CMW) project was to articulate the security requirements that workstations must meet to process highly classified intelligence data. As a basis for the validity of the requirements developed, a prototype was implemented which demonstrated that workstations could meet the requirements in an operationally useful manner while still remaining binary compatible with off-the-shelf software. The security requirements not only addressed traditional security concerns but also introduced concepts in areas such as labeling and the use of a trusted window management system. The CMW labeling paradigm is based on associating two types of security labels with objects: sensitivity levels and information labels. Sensitivity levels describe the levels at which objects must be protected. Information labels are used to prevent data overclassification and also provide a mechanism for associating with data those markings that are required for accurate data labeling, but which play no role in access control decisions. The use of a trusted window manager allows users to easily operate at multiple sensitivity levels and provides a convenient mechanism for communicating security information to users in a relatively unobtrusive manner. >
Protecting the Common Good: Technology, Objectivity, and Privacy

The rhetoric of public policy after September 11 encourages us to believe that the preservation of freedom and the safety of the common good requires our universal acquiescence to technological invasions of privacy. The purpose of this article is simply to warn that the rhetoric of public policy solutions post–September 11 may be inconsistent with the philosophical and legal framework of American democracy. While serving as a solution today, this rhetoric may pose a devastating blow to the balance of individual privacy and common good that is essential to the preservation of freedom.
Governance Structures: Using IAD to Understand Variation in Service Delivery for Club Goods with Information Asymmetry

Club goods with information asymmetry are frequently provided through mixed economies of for-profit, nonprofit, and public providers. Theory explaining mixed economies relies on sector to classify providers based on assumptions that sector-level differences in how organizations either distribute or reinvest profit will affect behavior. However, this classification is overly broad and is not able to adequately capture the diversity of providers of these types of goods. The author utilizes the Institutional Analysis and Development framework to identify six “governance structures” in the for-profit and nonprofit sectors. Governance structures are constitutional-choice level rule variations in who has the power to make rules. I argue that there are two types of power that affect rules: (1) concentration of constitutional-choice level decision-making power (i.e., how many principals) and (2) proximity of monitoring and enforcement of those rules. The extent to which the constitutional rules actually guide service delivery outcomes depends on a nested rule environment. Only if there is consistency across three level of rules (constitutional, collective, and operational) can we connect sector to outcomes. The empirical reality of service delivery, particularly for club goods with information asymmetry, is far too complex for simplistic assumptions linking profit distribution or its reinvestment to outcomes. This article directs further research toward building contingent theory, with if/then conditions, based on empirical research.
The Silence of the Secular

This essay describes the secular as a kind of silence, an inability to speak of or with immanent value, and such condition is linked to the pattern of transcendence in thought and life, the positing of ultimate value at a remove from experience. This diagnosis is stimulated by Sofia Coppola's film Lost in Translation and Marcel Gauchet's book, The Disenchantment of the World: A Political History of Religion. A reading of Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay ‘Oversoul’, suggests how conversation counters the silence of the secular and takes on a religious value.
Towards a Standard Test Method for Assessing FRP-to-Concrete Bond Characteristics

It is well established that debonding of adhesive-applied FRP retrofit materials from their concrete substrate often is a critical limit state. This paper adopts the use of a simple concrete beam specimen similar to that used to determine the modulus of rupture of concrete. To achieve controlled debonding behaviour, the beam is notched to represent cracked concrete. This paper addresses specific issues associated with standardising such a test specimen including a) the width of the FRP relative to the concrete substrate width; b) the geometry of the induced notch; and c) the effect of providing an initially unbonded region in the vicinity of the notch. Conclusions provide recommended specimen geometry which satisfies the objectives of such a standardised test.
The impact of additional unlicensed spectrum on wireless services competition

The FCC in the U.S. has recently increased the amount of spectrum available for wireless broadband data services by permitting unlicensed access to television white-spaces. While this additional unlicensed spectrum allows for market expansion, it also influences competition among providers and can increase congestion (interference) among consumers of wireless services. We study the value (social welfare) obtained by adding unlicensed spectrum to an existing allocation of licensed spectrum among incumbent Service Providers (SPs). We assume a population of customers who choose a provider based on minimum delivered price. Here, delivered price is the price of the service plus a congestion cost, which depends on the number of subscribers in a band. For the model considered, we find that the social welfare depends on the amount of additional unlicensed spectrum, and can actually decrease over a significant range of unlicensed bandwidths.
Joint covariate selection and joint subspace selection for multiple classification problems

We address the problem of recovering a common set of covariates that are relevant simultaneously to several classification problems. By penalizing the sum of ? 2 norms of the blocks of coefficients associated with each covariate across different classification problems, similar sparsity patterns in all models are encouraged. To take computational advantage of the sparsity of solutions at high regularization levels, we propose a blockwise path-following scheme that approximately traces the regularization path. As the regularization coefficient decreases, the algorithm maintains and updates concurrently a growing set of covariates that are simultaneously active for all problems. We also show how to use random projections to extend this approach to the problem of joint subspace selection, where multiple predictors are found in a common low-dimensional subspace. We present theoretical results showing that this random projection approach converges to the solution yielded by trace-norm regularization. Finally, we present a variety of experimental results exploring joint covariate selection and joint subspace selection, comparing the path-following approach to competing algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy and running time.
A phase I study of gefitinib, capecitabine, and celecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors.

This phase I study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity profile of the combination of gefitinib, capecitabine, and celecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients were treated with escalating doses of gefitinib once daily, capecitabine twice daily (14 of 28 days), and celecoxib twice daily. Plasma samples for biomarkers were obtained at baseline and weekly for the first 2 cycles. Pharmacokinetic variables were correlated with toxicity and presence of biological effect. Tumor biopsies from 5 patients were analyzed for changes in tumor metabolic activity by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was done as a correlate in 6 patients at the MTD. Thirty-nine patients received 168 cycles of therapy. The dose-limiting toxicities observed included nausea, dehydration and nausea, diarrhea, and stomatitis. The MTD was 250 mg/d gefitinib (days 1-14) and 2,000 mg/m2/d capecitabine divided twice daily (days 8-21) every 28 days. Celecoxib was eliminated due to concerns of increased risk for cardiovascular toxicity, although no patients in this study had cardiac events. One patient with cholangiocarcinoma had a confirmed partial response. Fourteen of 39 (36%) patients maintained prolonged stable disease for a median of 4 months (range, 3-24 months). [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan and metabolomic analyses revealed differences in metabolic response to gefitinib versus capecitabine. The combination of gefitinib and capecitabine is well tolerated and appears to have activity against certain advanced solid tumors, providing a rationale for further evaluation in advanced solid malignancies. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(12):3685–94]
Letter: Partial additivity of the mitotic delays induced by separate gamma-irradiation of sea-urchin eggs and sperm.

Eggs and sperm of the sea-urchin, (Arbacia punctulate), were exposed to the same dose of gamma radiation in the dose range 0 to 20 KR. Normal or irradiated eggs were fertilized with normal or irradiated sperm. Mitosis was delayed to the same extent when either eggs or sperm exposed to the same dose were combined with a normal gamete. When irradiated eggs were fertilized with sperm previously exposed to the same dose, the mean mitotic delay was larger than when only one gamete was irradiated, yet there was very little overlap between the division times of zygotes containing one irradiated gamete and those with both gametes irradiated. The mitotic delay resulting from separate irradiation of sperm and eggs with a particular dose was the same as that resulting from irradiation of sperm alone with twice that dose. The division times of eggs exposed to a given dose and fertilized with sperm exposed to twice that dose did not overlap the division times of irradiated eggs fertilized with normal sperm, and there was only partial overlap of division times between populations derived from control and irradiated eggs both fertilized with sperm exposed to twice the dose of the eggs. It ismore » argued that this would not have been the case if there had been no additivity of the effects of damage to the separate gametes. (UK)« less
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type III Trying to Understand Subtle Functional Change Over Time—A Case Report

Spinal muscular atrophy is a relatively stable chronic disease. Patients may gradually experience declines in muscle strength and motor function over time. However, functional progression is difficult to document, and the mechanism remains poorly understood. An 11-year-old girl was diagnosed at 19 months and took a few steps without assistance at 25 months. She was evaluated for 54 months in a prospective multicenter natural history study. Outcome measures were performed serially. From 6 to 7.5 years, motor function improved. From 7.5 to 11 years, motor function declined with increasing growth. Manual muscle testing scores minimally decreased. Motor unit number estimation studies gradually increased over 4.5 years. Compared to the published natural history of spinal muscular atrophy type III, our patient lost motor function over time. However, she walked with assistance 2 years longer than expected. Our report highlights possible precipitating factors that could affect the natural history of spinal muscul...
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Mouse Macrophage C-type Lectin, mMGL2, Which Has a Distinct Carbohydrate Specificity from mMGL1

A novel mouse macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin 2 (mMGL2) was identified by BLAST analysis of expressed sequence tags. The sequence of mMGL2 is highly homologous to the mMGL, which should now be called mMGL1. The open reading frame of mMGL2 contains a sequence corresponding to a type II transmembrane protein with 332 amino acids having a single extracellular C-type lectin domain. The 3′-untranslated region included long terminal repeats of mouse early transposon. The Mgl2 gene was cloned from a 129/SvJ mouse genomic library and sequenced. The gene spans 7,136 base pairs and consists of 10 exons, which is similar to the genomic organization of mMGL1. The reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis indicates that mMGL2 is expressed in cell lines and normal mouse tissues in a macrophage-restricted manner, also very similar to that of mMGL1. The mMGL2 mRNA was also detected in mMGL1-positive cells, which were sorted from thioglycollate-induced peritoneal cells with a mMGL1-specific monoclonal antibody, LOM-8.7. The soluble recombinant proteins of mMGL2 exhibited carbohydrate specificity for α- and β-GalNAc-conjugated soluble polyacrylamides, whereas mMGL1 preferentially bound Lewis X-conjugated soluble polyacrylamides in solid phase assays. These two lectins may function cooperatively as recognition and endocytic molecules on macrophages and related cells.
Repair of pectus excavatum during HeartMate II left ventricular assist device placement

Pectus excavatum deformity often remains clinically asymptomatic even in cases of a severely diminished thoracic volume and frequently remains uncorrected. In the patient population that requires left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement, a diminished thoracic volume can be problematic and lead to significant challenges in pump and outflow cannula positioning. Here we present a case of pectus excavatum correction during LVAD placement to show that this deformity can be successfully addressed with minimal, if any, additional operative risk at the time of LVAD implant.
Rethinking the Board’s Duty to Monitor: A Critical Assessment of the Delaware Doctrine

Does a board breach any of its fiduciary duties when its inattention or inaction leads to harm to the corporation? The duty to monitor addresses this question by imposing liability on directors for failing to respond to signs of wrongdoing, illegality or other harmful activities. Because the duty to monitor imposes liability based on what the board failed to do, however, it is difficult to define the scope of liability. A natural dilemma exists in evaluating a director’s degree of loyalty (or care) based purely on the fact that there was an absence of action by such director. When adjudicating claims alleging inattention or inaction by a board, a court faces the uncomfortable task of exercising its own independent judgment that the board should have done something instead of remaining still and silent. At the same time, the duty to monitor serves as the best means the law has to ensure that directors are attentive and vigilant against the occurrence of harm to the corporation. To the extent we believe board should, and expect boards to, perform a substantial role in managing the corporation it is appropriate to impose on boards a robust duty to monitor. Ideally, little should affect the corporation without the knowledge, consent or consideration of the board. Delaware courts, however, have defined too narrowly the scope of the duty and have made it undesirably difficult for plaintiffs to bring forward duty to monitor claims. This paper sets forth four objections to how Delaware courts have defined directors’ duty to monitor. First, the Delaware doctrine is inconsistent with the role of the board in the corporation. Second, the Delaware doctrine mistakenly excuses boards from monitoring business risk. Third, the recasting of the duty to monitor as a claim of bad faith conduct has imposed an unreasonable burden on plaintiffs to bring forward meritorious duty to monitor claims. Fourth, Delaware courts have not provided adequate guidance as to when the duty to monitor should apply.
Lung Transplantation for Cystic Fibrosis.

Lung transplantation provides a treatment option for many individuals with advanced lung disease due to cystic fibrosis. Since the first transplants for CF were performed in the 1980s, survival has improved, and the opportunity for transplant has expanded to include individuals who previously were not considered candidates for transplant. Criteria to be a transplant candidate vary significantly among transplant programs, highlighting that engagement of more than one transplant program may be necessary. Individuals with highly resistant CF pathogens, malnutrition, osteoporosis, CF liver disease, and other comorbidities may be suitable candidates for lung transplant or, if needed, multi-organ transplant. The transplant process involves several phases, from discussion of prognosis and referral to a transplant center, to transplant evaluation, to listing, transplant, and care after transplant. Early discussion regarding transplant as a treatment option is critical to maximizing opportunity and optimizing patient and family experience. The decision to be evaluated for transplant and to list for transplant are distinct, and early referral and evaluation may provide a treatment option that can be urgently executed if needed based on the progression to and severity of respiratory failure. Survival after transplant for CF is improving, to a median survival approaching 10 years, and most transplant survivors enjoy markedly improved quality of life.
'Order, Discipline and Exigency': Cuba's VIth Party Congress, the Lineamientos (Guidelines) and Structural Change in Education, Sport and Culture?

The Lineamientos de la politica economica y social del partido y la Revolucion approved April 2011 has the potential to significantly alter the social, economic and political organization of the Cuban state. Though they remain true to the fundamentals of the Marxist-Leninist State-Party system, the Lineamientos conceive anew the normative basis of state operation. This essay examines the Social Politics (Politica Social) provisions of the Lineamientos. These target the great cultural-political achievements of the Revolution — medical care, education, culture, sport, social security, employment policy and state subsidies. In effect, these serve as the ideological heart, as well as the barometer of changes in the fundamental Party line and its effectuation. The essay starts with a consideration of the Linemamientos provisions of Politica Social as they relate to education, health, sport and culture. It will consider these Guidelines in light of those initially proposed and explore the extent of the changes within the framework of the Lineamientoset as a whole. The second part of the essay examines what these changes suggest in terms of the place and character of education, sport and culture within evolving Cuban state policy and suggest what the changes may mean for the future course of the development of Cuban State-Party system. First, the Lineamientos themselves were developed in response to the recognition that the current economic model was both tied to the economic development needs of the State (as represented in the economic provisions of the Lineamientos themselves) and, like the current economic model, unsustainable in its present form. Second, Second, it is not clear how effective the State will be in bending education to the needs of Cuban industry. Third, it suggests that the earlier expenditure on brick and mortar projects — large school buildings and other substantial infrastructure, now has become something of a drag on the ability of the state to deliver education efficiently. Fourth, Cuba is now wrestling with the consequences of globalization and the technological revolution that made globalization possible. Fifth, the public focus on family involvement as a critical component of education, and education reform, cannot be exaggerated. Sixth, the Lineamientos reaffirms and continues the long tradition of centralized control of education and the importance of the political education of Cuban citizens in socialism. And lastly, the emphasis on the connection between education, culture, and sport and revenue generation can have a potentially significant effect on the delivery of these services to the population. More generally I will suggest that the education, sport and culture Lineamientos parallel similar issues facing developed states, including the United States.
An Economic Analysis of Underground Pipeline Irrigation Delivery System Investments: A Case Study in the Texas Rice Belt

"The Impact of Domestic Policies, Foreign Competi- tion, and Real Exchange Rate Changes on the Price of Hard Red Winter Wheat." Nancy K. Osborn (Oklahoma State University The objective of this study was to determine the relative impacts of U.S. carryover stocks of hard red winter wheat, the CCC loan rate, the quantity of wheat exported by Argentina, and the relative U.S. and Argentine exchange rate changes on the Gulf price of hard red winter wheat. This analysis in- volved the use of a base model, estimated by an ordinary least squares regression, and ten addi- tional equations using exchange rate variables from individual countries. Statistically, exchange rates had little impact on price, with the other variables affecting Gulf price significantly. "Buying Behavior of a Major U.S. Grain Exporter: Relationships between Bid and Actual Gulf Basis." Gene L. Seiter (Oklahoma State University) The relationship between projected and realized Gulf of Mexico-Kansas City (Gulf-KC) basis on hard red winter wheat for a major U.S. grain ex- porter was investigated. Data for this paper came from publication distributed by the exporter, which bases offers for forward contracts on its basis pro- jections. Regression analysis revealed seasonal var- iations in the accuracy of bid basis as a predictor of actual basis, and seasonal differences in marketing preferences between assemblers and exporters was postulated to explain this phenomena. No evidence was found to suggest that exporters enjoy a monop- olistic advantage in grain purchase. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.100 on Thu, 25 Aug 2016 05:05:41 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Pericaliceal varices due to the nutcracker phenomenon.

A patient with intrarenal vanices simulating a transitional cell carcinoma is described. The vanices presumably were related to venous hypertension caused by extrinsic compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesentenic artery and the aorta (the nutcracker phenomenon). This rare entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of caliceal filling defects seen on IV urognaphy. MR imaging cleanly showed the vascular abnormalities in this patient, and therefore may be useful in the noninvasive evaluation of patients suspected of having the nutcracker phenomenon.
Modeling Interaction Effects in Polarization: Individual Media Influence and the Impact of Town Meetings

Weareincreasinglyexposedtopolarizedmediasources,withclearevidencethatindividualschoose those sources closest to their existing views. We also have a tradition of open face-to-face group discussion in town meetings, for example. There are a range of current proposals to revive the role of group meetings in democratic decision-making. Here, we build a simulation that instantiates aspects of reinforcement theory in a model of competing social influences. What can we expect in the interaction of polarized media with group interaction along the lines of town meetings? Some surprises are evident from a computational model that includes both. Deliberative group discussion can be expected to produce opinion convergence. That conver- gence may not, however, be a cure for extreme views polarized at opposite ends of the opinion spectrum. In a large class of cases, we show that adding the influence of group meetings in an environment of self-selected media produces not a moderate central consensus but opinion convergence at one of the extremes defined by polarized media.
CONCRETE AND FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE SUBJECTED TO IMPACT LOADING.

Despite its extensive use, low tensile strength has been recognized as one of the major drawbacks of concrete. Although one has learned to avoid exposing concrete structures to adverse static tensile load, these cannot be shielded from short duration dynamic tensile stresses. Such loads originate from sources such as impact from missiles and projectiles, wind gusts, earthquakes and machine vibrations. The need to accurately predict the structural response and reserve capacity under such loading has led to an interest in the mechanical properties of the component materials at high rates of straining. One method to improve the resistance of concrete when subjected to impact and/or impulsive loading is by the incorporation of randomly distributed short fibers. Concrete (or Mortar) so reinforced is termed fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). Moderate increase in tensile strength and significant increases in energy absorption (toughness or impact-resistance) have been reported by several investigators in static tests on concrete reinforced with randomly distributed short steel fibers. A theoretical model to predict fracture toughness of FRC is proposed. This model is based on the concept of nonlinear elastic fracture mechanics. As yet no standard test methods are available to quantify the impact resistance of such composites, although several investigators have employed a variety of tests including drop weight, swinging pendulums and the detonation of explosives. These tests though useful in ascertaining the relative merits of different composites do not yield basic material characteristics which can be used for design. The author has recently developed an instrumented Charpy type of impact test to obtain basic information such as load-deflection relationship, fracture toughness, crack velocity and load-strain history during an impact event. From this information, a damage based constitutive model was proposed. Relative improvements in performance due to the addition of fibers as observed in the instrumented tests are also compared with other conventional methods.
Empirical Earthquake Ground Motions for an Engineering Site with Fault Sources: Tooele Army Depot, Utah

Empirical earthquake ground motions were developed for an engineering site at Tooele Army Depot near Tooele, Utah. Nearby fault sources were judged capable of generating earthquakes, as was the Wasatch fault. Comparisons were made between peak horizontal motions obtained from charts giving motions for Modified Mercalli intensity and charts giving motions for earthquake magnitude and distance. The latter motions were compared for charts by various authors. The motions that were generated include the effects of a major earthquake on the Wasatch fault at 50 km from the site, with M = 7.5, and a local earthquake at 21 km from the site, also of M = 7.5. The Wasatch earthquake for a soft site involves peak horizontal motions with acceleration = 380 cm/sec 2 , velocity =58 cm/sec and duration (≥0.05 g ) = 56 sec. The local earthquake has an acceleration = 1,100 cm/sec 2 , velocity = 180 cm/sec and duration (≥0.05 g ) = 54 sec. Appropriate time histories are recommended. Operating basis motions are also provided.
When Sex and Power Collide: An Argument for Critical Sexuality Studies

Attentive to the collision of sex and power, we add momentum to the ongoing development of the subfield of critical sexuality studies. We argue that this body of work is defined by its critical orientation toward the study of sexuality, along with a clear allegiance to critical modalities of thought, particularly feminist thought. Critical sexuality studies takes its cues from several other critical moments in related fields, including critical psychology, critical race theory, critical public health, and critical youth studies. Across these varied critical stances is a shared investment in examining how power and privilege operate, understanding the role of historical and epistemological violence in research, and generating new models and paradigms to guide empirical and theoretical research. With this guiding framework, we propose three central characteristics of critical sexuality studies: (a) conceptual analysis, with particular attention to how we define key terms and conceptually organize our research (e.g., attraction, sexually active, consent, agency, embodiment, sexual subjectivity); (b) attention to the material qualities of abject bodies, particularly bodies that are ignored, overlooked, or pushed out of bounds (e.g., viscous bodies, fat bodies, bodies in pain); and (c) heteronormativity and heterosexual privilege, particularly how assumptions about heterosexuality and heteronormativity circulate in sexuality research. Through these three critical practices, we argue that critical sexuality studies showcases how sex and power collide and recognizes (and tries to subvert) the various power imbalances that are deployed and replicated in sex research.
Young, Wild, and Female: Gendered Experiences at an Outdoor Adventure Camp

The outdoors and activities associated with them have historically been the domain of men, and studies have shown women to face unique challenges both to entering and continuing their participation in the outdoors. This is unfortunate given the fact that such a novel environment provides numerous benefits for both people in general and women specifically. This study examines the experiences of women as outdoor leaders in a conceptually and physically male dominated environment. Using a method of covert participation at a large outdoor adventure camp, this research demonstrates the special challenges that female staff members face, how they tackle these challenges, and the ways in which they navigate this gendered setting. These challenges include the experience of being a woman in a highly masculine environment, sexist remarks, and campers’ expectations of gender roles to be carried out. Both gender conforming and nonconforming techniques were displayed by individual female staff members to navigate these obstacles. This work adds a unique perspective to the current body of research in the field of gender and the outdoors, and it increases our understanding of what exactly individuals must deal with as women in this particular environment and how their challenges can be confronted and overcome.
A New Look at the Longitudinal Relationship Between Motor Carrier Financial Performance and Safety

Motor carrier safety impacts the well-being of the traveling public and the economic well-being of the shippers who entrust motor carriers with safely transporting freight. Shippers are affected by motor carrier safety due to accidents damaging their cargo and disrupting their customers’ operations. One characteristic frequently theorized to predict motor carrier safety is motor carriers financial performance. However, the literature offers mixed evidence linking motor carrier financial performance to safety. This does not help practitioners or policy makers and necessitates research to resolve these inconsistent findings, which we undertake in this research. We extend previous work by developing a theoretical framework based on strain theory to explain why both absolute (static) financial performance and year-to-year change in financial performance should uniquely affect carrier safety. We test our hypotheses by fitting mixed-effects models to a repeated-measure, longitudinal database of publically traded motor carrier financial performance and safety measures. Results indicate that financial performance measures uniquely affect carrier safety. These findings attempt to resolve the inconsistencies in the past literature and, carry important implications for researchers studying motor carrier safety, motor carrier managers, shippers, and policy makers.
Continuing Professional Education in the Military.

The military relies on continuing professional education as a key component to the success of its organization. With decreasing budgets and increasing importance for a force that operates efficiently and thinks critically, the cognitive tension among training, education, and learning comes center stage.
Characterization of bacteriophage φ42 DNA

Abstract The DNA isolated from streptococcal phage φ42 is a linear, double-stranded molecule with a mass of 24.1 × 10 6 daltons. The DNA has been characterized by sucrose gradient centrifugation and by agarose gel electrophoresis after cleavage with restriction enzymes Hin dIII, Pvu II, Sal I, and Xba I. Analysis of restriction enzyme digests of DNA which has been digested with exonuclease III demonstrates that the molecules are circularly permuted. The permutation appears to cover sequences present throughout the genome of phage φ42.
Causes of Extreme Ridges That Induce California Droughts

AbstractCalifornia droughts are often caused by high-amplitude and persistent ridges near and off the west coast of North America without apparent connections with ENSO. Here with a hierarchy of climate models, it is demonstrated that extreme ridges in this region are associated with a continuum of zonal wavenumber-5 circumglobal teleconnection patterns that originate from midlatitude atmospheric internal dynamics. Although tropical diabatic heating anomalies are not essential to the formation and maintenance of these wave patterns, certain persistent heating anomalies may double the probability of ridges with amplitudes in the 90th percentile occurring on interannual time scales. Those heating anomalies can be caused by either natural variability or possibly by climate change, and they do not necessarily depend on ENSO. The extreme ridges that occurred during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 winters could be examples of ridges produced by heating anomalies that are not associated with ENSO. This mechanism could p...
Management and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Contemporary management and outcomes of AMI in patients with CKD have not been reported. Methods We analyzed United States National Inpatient Sample data for patients admitted with AMI with or without CKD from 2007 to 2012. Propensity score matching was used to identify patients with AMI and CKD with similar baseline characteristics who were managed invasively (cardiac catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], or coronary artery bypass graft surgery [CABG]) or conservatively. The primary outcome was in-hospital all-cause mortality. Results Among 753,782 patients admitted with AMI, 17.8% had a diagnosis of CKD. Patients with CKD had lower odds of invasive management (49.9% vs. 73.1%; adjusted OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.57–0.58), were less likely to undergo revascularization (adjusted OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.59–0.61), and had higher in-hospital mortality (8.4% vs. 5.0%; adjusted OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.51–1.59) than those without CKD. In a propensity-matched cohort of 89,630 CKD patients treated for AMI with invasive vs. conservative management, invasive management was associated with lower in-hospital mortality overall (5.9% vs. 10.9%, p Conclusions Patients with AMI and CKD are less likely to receive invasive management, coronary revascularization, and have higher in-hospital mortality than patients without CKD. Invasive management of AMI was associated with lower in-hospital mortality versus conservative management in all patients, regardless of CKD severity.
The Effect of Certificate of Need Laws on All-Cause Mortality.

Objective To test how Certificate of Need laws affect all-cause mortality in the United States. Data Sources The data of 1992–2011 all-cause mortality are from the Center for Disease Control's Compressed Mortality File; control variables are from the Current Population Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and Area Health Resources File; and data on Certificate of Need laws are from Stratmann and Russ (2014). Study design Using fixed- and random-effects regressions, I test how the scope of state Certificate of Need laws affects all-cause mortality within US counties. Principal Findings Certificate of Need laws have no statistically significant effect on all-cause mortality. Point estimates indicate that if they have any effect, they are more likely to increase mortality than decrease it. Conclusions Proponents of Certificate of Need laws have claimed that they reduce mortality by concentrating more care into fewer, larger facilities that engage in learning-by-doing. However, I find no evidence that these laws reduce all-cause mortality.
The Nature of "f" and "v" in Frisian and Marathi.

Abstract: The nature and interaction of f and v is examined in Frisian and Marathi phonetically, phonologically, and across languages. The assumption that v is merely the voiced counterpart of f is shown not to be completely valid for these two languages. Frisian has an f–v pair in which the members differ from each other only by the presence or absence of voicing, but also has a v which is phonetically the voiced cogenor of f but phonologically more closely related to the semivowel w. Marathi has an f of very recent origin, a v which is in certain respects a semivowel, and an aspirated u; f and v are unrelated in almost every respect. Frisian speakers tend in initial position to use f for English f and v, and v for English w. Marathi speakers tend to use f for English f, and their semivowel v for English v and w. It is concluded that v cannot always be considered f plus voicing, but must in some cases be defined in terms of frication in respect to w.
Prediction of a potential lethal phenotype in testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumor.

e15575 Background: Cancer is a heterogeneous disease. The nature of heterogeneity provides clues about the biologic origin of cancer. Studying cancer heterogeneity may enable us to elucidate the va...
A code equivalence between streaming network coding and streaming index coding

We consider a delay-constrained streaming model for zero-error communications and show that under this model, network coding and index coding problems are code equivalent. That is, any streaming network coding instance can be efficiently mapped to a corresponding acyclic streaming index coding instance such that an index code for the latter can be efficiently transformed into a network code for the former. This reduction holds even for network coding instances that contain cycles, thereby proving the first known reduction from cyclic to finite acyclic network coding networks.
Development of the Pediatric Temporomandibular Joint

This article focuses on the embryologic development and growth of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and touches on the development and growth of surrounding structures. Aberrations in structures surrounding the TMJ can affect its development as well. The normal adult anatomy of the TMJ is described as well as common malformations. The clinical ramifications of a malformed TMJ are also discussed in order to understand future necessary consultants involved in the care of these patients.
Memory as Perception of the Past: Compressed Time inMind and Brain

In the visual system retinal space is compressed such that acuity decreases further from the fovea. Different forms of memory may rely on a compressed representation of time, manifested as decreased accuracy for events that happened further in the past. Neurophysiologically, "time cells" show receptive fields in time. Analogous to the compression of visual space, time cells show less acuity for events further in the past. Behavioral evidence suggests memory can be accessed by scanning a compressed temporal representation, analogous to visual search. This suggests a common computational language for visual attention and memory retrieval. In this view, time functions like a scaffolding that organizes memories in much the same way that retinal space functions like a scaffolding for visual perception.
THE RELATIVISTIC KINEMATICS OF THE DE BROGLIE PHASE WAVE

If we postulate that a linearly-moving particle is accompanied by an in-phase plane wave (a phase wave), then the de Broglie phase-wave velocity follows as a consequence of the requirement of relativistic invariance. This is the usual formulation of this problem. If we alternately assume that the de Broglie phase wave is a real kinematic excitation produced by the motion of the particle, then its properties follow directly from the equations of special relativity when they are taken in the (unfamiliar) perturbative limit of very small excitation energies. The equations of “perturbative special relativity” are set forth, and some of their consequences are discussed.
Prevalence, Patterns, and Clinical Relevance of Hypoxic-Ischemic Injuries in Children Exposed to Abusive Head Trauma.

Background and purpose Hypoxic-ischemic injuries (HIIs) are a scarcely investigated but important cause of morbidity and mortality in children who suffered abusive head trauma (AHT). The purpose of this study is to determine: (a) prevalence, types, and clinical relevance of cytotoxic edema compatible with HII in nonpenetrating AHT, (b) their relationship to other classic neuroimaging findings of AHT, and (c) their correlation with clinical outcomes. Methods Diffusion-weighted imaging sequences of magnetic resonance imagings performed on children under 5 years diagnosed with AHT were reviewed to detect the most common patterns of acute parenchymal damage. Patterns of cytotoxic edema were described, and HII-compatible ones divided in subtypes. Correlation between HII, fractures, and subdural hemorrhages (SDHs) and with clinical outcomes was determined using imaging and available follow-up data. Results Out of 57 patients, 36.8% showed lesions compatible with HII. A predominantly asymmetric cortical distribution was observed in 66.7% of cases, while 33.3% had diffused both cortical and deep gray/white matter distribution injury. Traumatic axonal injuries and focal contusions were less common. There was no significant correlation between the presence of SDH (P = .6) or skull fractures (P = .53) and HII. HII was the most severe form of parenchymal damage in terms of in-hospital mortality and morbidity at follow-up. Conclusions HII is the most common type of parenchymal damage in children victim of AHT, being present in 1/3 of patients with this condition, and correlates with more severe outcomes. Its presence is independent from other classic traumatic findings such as SDH and fractures.
A Heuristic Approach to the Post-Disturbance and Stochastic Pre-Disturbance Microgrid Formation Problem

Microgrid formation is a potential solution in post-disaster electric grid recovery efforts. Recent works propose distribution level microgrid formation models using mixed-integer linear programming techniques. However, these models can only be solved for small and medium size power systems due to their computational intractability. In this paper, we introduce a heuristic approach to approximately solve the post-disturbance microgrid formation problem for medium to large, more realistic, instances. Furthermore, the proposed approach allows to approximately solve the pre-disturbance microgrid formation problem (a stochastic version of the post-disturbance problem), in which the aim is to allocate extra generation capacity to the network to immunize it, as best as possible, against an uncertain cascading failure. Our results are illustrated by solving versions of the problem on ten test cases with up to 3012 buses.
Assessing the potential of immunotherapy in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia through meta-analysis.

7531Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults and has a heterogenous presentation. CLL is known to shape the immune response to survive. Studying these pr...