cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ‐2) in Identifying Major Depression in Older People

OBJECTIVES: To determine the performance of the Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2) against the criterion standard for diagnosing major depression, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), and to examine its performance across age, sex, and racial/ethnic groups. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) (2001/02), a nationally representative survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. household population. PARTICIPANTS: The 8,205 adults aged 65 and older who participated in NESARC. MEASUREMENTS: The PHQ-2's criterion validity (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) against the DSM-IV) and construct validity (Spearman correlations between the PHQ-2 and the six scales of the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form Questionnaire (SF-12)) were calculated. RESULTS: The PHQ-2's criterion validity for major depression was good (sensitivity=100%, specificity=77%, AUC=0.88). Its sensitivity was 100% for each subgroup. Specificity increased with age, was higher for men than for women, and differed across racial and ethnic groups. For the total sample and each sex, all six SF-12 scales were significantly lower in people who tested positive using the PHQ-2. For each age and racial or ethnic group, most of the six scales differed significantly between those who tested positive and tested negative. CONCLUSION: The PHQ-2 is a valid screening tool for major depression in older people but should be followed by a more-comprehensive diagnostic process. Although its specificity differs by age, sex, and racial and ethnic groups, these differences appear to be of little clinical significance.
Effects of Various Warm-Up Procedures on 100-Yard Times of Competitive Swimmers

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the values that can be ascribed to the warm-up procedures customarily employed by competitive swimmers (hot showers, calisthenics, massage, and swimming). Thirteen subjects swam a total of 195 time trials. Each swimmer swam three 100-yard time trials with no warm-up and three time trials after each of the four warm-up procedures. The group as a whole showed significant improvement only following the swimming warm-up, whereas the breast-strokers and dolphin swimmers as a group had their best and significant improvement following calisthenics. The free stylers as a group showed a significant decrease in speed in their trials after calisthenics warm-up.
Additional Data and Perspectives on Interspecific Aggression in the Common Loon, Gavia immer

We witnessed the killing of a female Redhead ( Aythya Americana ) by a male Common Loon ( Gavia immer ). The wound was delivered into the abdomen from below, and death occurred because of a torn, hemorrhaging liver. This same Common Loon also threatened a female Ring-necked Duck ( Aythya collaris ) with ducklings. We hypothesize that interspecific aggression by loons might be energetically costly but is sometimes adaptive because it deters predators.
Prevalence of Substance Use in People With First-Episode Psychosis

Objective: People experiencing a first episode of psychosis often have co-occurring substance use, which increases risk of prolonged psychosis and impairs recovery. This article examines the prevalence of substance use in people with first-episode psychosis. Methods: The authors searched MEDLINE and other databases for articles published between 1990 and 2009 that described current or lifetime prevalence of substance use, misuse, abuse, or dependence in individuals with first-episode psychosis. Results: Forty-four unique studies provided information. More than 25% of individuals with first-episode psychosis in reviewed studies indicated current or lifetime alcohol use, lifetime alcohol abuse/dependence, current or lifetime cannabis use, or lifetime cannabis abuse or dependence. For all substances, lifetime prevalence of abuse/dependence was higher than current abuse/dependence. Conclusions: Despite variation in assessment methods, findings were generally consistent. Individuals with first-episode psychosi...
Non-heme Iron Proteins IX. THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF FERREDOXIN FROM MICROCOCCUS AEROGENES

Abstract The complete amino acid sequence of Micrococcus aerogenes ferredoxin was determined with the use of the S-β-aminoethylcysteinyl (Cys(AE)) derivative of the protein. The protein molecule consists of a single polypeptide chain of 54 amino acid residues. The sequence was found to be Ala-Tyr-Val-Ile-Asn-Asp-Ser-Cys(AE)-Ile-Ala-Cys(AE)-Gly-Ala-Cys(AE)-Lys-Pro-Glu-Cys(AE)-Pro-Val-Asn-Ile -Gln-Gln-Gly-Ser-Ile-Tyr-Ala-Ile-Asp-Ala-Asp-Ser-Cys-(AE)-Ile-Asp-Cys(AE)-Gly-Ser-Cys(AE)-Ala-Ser-Val-Cys(AE)-Pro-Val-Gly-Ala-Pro-Asn-Pro-Glu-Asp. In comparing the sequence of M. aerogenes ferredoxin with those of the Clostridium pasteurianum and Clostridium butyricum ferredoxins, it is necessary to assume certain deletions or insertions in order to align the various ferredoxins. When the M. aerogenes sequence is thus compared with the sequences of the C. pasteurianum and C. butyricum ferredoxins, there are 39 and 38 matching residues, respectively. The positions of the 8 cysteine residues were found to be invariant in the three bacterial ferredoxins. Each of the three bacterial ferredoxins appears to consist of two nearly symmetrical half-molecules of 26 to 28 residues. The possible importance of these findings for the active site as well as for the evolutionary development of these nonheme iron-proteins is discussed.
Keeping up with the Joneses - tourists, travellers, and the quest for cultural authenticity in southern Thailand.

This article explores the expectations, behaviour, and motivations of different groups of tourists in southern Thailand. Many studies have assumed that backpackers and other ‘alternative’ tourists ...
Essential Functions of Academic Advising: What Students Want and Get

We designed this study to understand academic advising at an urban university from diverse student perspectives. Based on a review of the advising literature, we identified 12 functions of academic advising and surveyed 2,100 undergraduates to address the following questions: Which of these advising functions are most important to students? How satisfied are students with the advising they receive on these functions? Do student characteristics impact importance and satisfaction ratings? Results show that students rated all functions as highly important, but satisfaction with advising was not commensurate with the importance students attached to it. In general, student characteristics (gender, ethnicity, financial need, age/cohort, enrollment status, and class level) influenced perceived importance of, but not satisfaction with, advising functions. Relative emphasis: *theory, research, practice
Hypervirial Theorems and the Hellmann—Feynman Theorem in Different Coordinate Systems

It is shown that the difference between the Hellmann—Feynman theorems in two different coordinate systems is, in general, a hypervirial theorem.
An Entropy Variable Formulation and Applications for the Two-Dimensional Shallow Water Equations

A new symmetric formulation of the two-dimensional shallow water equations and a streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) scheme are developed and tested. The symmetric formulation is constructed by means of a transformation of dependent variables derived from the relation for the total energy of the water column. This symmetric form is well suited to the SUPG approach as seen in analogous treatments of gas dynamics problems based on entropy variables. Particulars related to the construction of the upwind test functions and an appropriate discontinuity-capturing operator are included. A formal extension to the viscous, dissipative problem and a stability analysis are also presented. Numerical results for shallow water flow in a channel with (a) a step transition, (b) a curved wall transition and (c) a straight wall transition are compared with experimental and other computational results from the literature.
Location and quantitative analysis of OH in coesite

The incorporation of hydrogen (deuterium) into the coesite structure was investigated at pressures from 3.1 to 7.5 GPa and temperatures of 700, 800, and 1100 °C. Hydrogen could only be incorporated into the coesite structure at pressures greater 5.0 GPa and 1100 °C . No correlation between the concentration of trace elements such as Al and B and the hydrogen content was observed based on ion probe analysis (1335 ± 16 H ppm and 17 ± 1 Al ppm at 7.5 GPa, 1100 °C). The FTIR spectra show three relatively intense bands at 3575, 3516, and 3459 cm−1 (ν1 to ν3, respectively) and two very weak bands at 3296 and 3210 cm−1 (ν4 and ν5, respectively). The band at 3516 cm−1 is strongly asymmetric and can be resolved into two bands, 3528 (ν2a) and 3508 (ν2b) cm−1, with nearly identical areas. Polarized infrared absorption spectra of coesite single-crystal slabs, cut parallel to (0 1 0) and (1 0 0), were collected to locate the OH dipoles in the structure and to calibrate the IR spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of OH in coesite (ɛi,tot=190 000 ± 30 000 l mol−1H2O cm−2). The polarized spectra revealed a strong pleochroism of the OH bands. High-pressure FTIR spectra at pressures up to 8 GPa were performed in a diamond-anvil cell to gain further insight into incorporation mechanism of OH in coesite. The peak positions of the ν1, ν2, and ν3 bands decrease linearly with pressure. The mode Gruneisen parameters for ν1, ν2, and ν3 are −0.074, −0.144 and −0.398, respectively. There is a linear increase of the pressure derivatives with band position which follows the trend proposed by Hofmeister et al. (1999). The full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of the ν1, ν2, and ν3 bands increase from 35, 21, and 28 cm−1 in the spectra at ambient conditions to 71, 68, and 105 in the 8 GPa spectra, respectively. On the basis of these results, a model for the incorporation of hydrogen in coesite was developed: the OH defects are introduced into the structure by the substitution Si4+(Si2)+4O2−= [4]□(Si2) + 4OH−, which gives rise to four vibrations, ν1, ν2a, ν2b, and ν3. Because the OH(D)-bearing samples do contain traces of Al and B, the bands ν4 and ν5 may be coupled to Al and/or B substitution.
Hyperfine structure and nuclear moments of protactinium-233

Abstract By means of the atomic-beam magnetic resonance method using radioactive detection, the hyperfine structure of 91Pa233 ( T 1 2 = 27.4 days ) has been investigated. Three low-lying states are found to be present in the beam, characterized by electronic angular momenta J = 11 2 , 9 2 and 7 2 and g values gj = −0.8141(4), −0.8062(15) and −0.7923(15) respectively. From these results it is inferred that the ground-state configuration of protactinium is almost certainly (5f)2(6d)1(7s)2. The nuclear spin is measured and found to be I = 3 2 and the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole hyperfine structure coupling constants are measured to be A = ±595(30) MHz and B = ∓2400(300)MHz respectively. From a direct measurement, the nuclear moment is found to be μI = +3.4(0.8) n.m. From the hyperfine-structure constants and detailed calculations involving the electronic wave functions, the quadrupole moment is inferred to be Q = −3.0 barns.
Inositol Metabolism in Developing Seed of Low and Normal Phytic Acid Soybean Lines

While inositol has key roles in phytic acid and raffi nosaccharide synthesis, its concentration in developing seed of low phytic acid soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines derived from CX1834 (Wilcox et al., 2000) has not been compared to that of normal lines. Concentrations of metabolites in the phytic acid and raffi nosaccharide biosynthesis have been measured in mature seed of CX1834-derived lines but not throughout seed development. Our objective was to compare concentrations of inositol and metabolites associated with phytic acid and raffi nosaccharide synthesis in developing seed of CX1834-derived and normal lines. Plants were cultured with complete nutrient solutions in growth chambers with 650 to 700 μmol m −2 s −1 of photosynthetically active radiation and a 26/22°C day/night temperature. Seed inositol concentrations were high (60 to 90 mmol kg −1 seed dry wt.) at 20 d after fl owering (DAF) and decreased 95% by maturity in both normal and low phytic acid lines. In two of three experiments, low phytic acid lines had signifi cantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater seed inositol concentrations than normal lines at the fi rst two sampling dates, but differences at maturity were not signifi cant. Seeds of low phytic acid and normal lines had statistically similar concentrations (p > 0.05) of partially phosphorylated inositol intermediate (inositol triphosphate [IP3]), stachyose, raffi nose, and phytase activity throughout development. These results corroborate previous studies that ruled out defects in genes coding myo-inositol1-P synthase, inositol kinases, and phytase as the basis for the low seed phytic acid trait in CX1834-derived lines.
Signal Transduction Networks in Cancer: Quantitative Parameters Influence Network Topology

Networks of fixed topology are used to summarize the collective understanding of the flow of signaling information within a cell (i.e., canonical signaling networks). Moreover, these canonical signaling networks are used to interpret how observed oncogenic changes in protein activity or expression alter information flow in cancer cells. However, creating a novel branch within a signaling network (i.e., a noncanonical edge) provides a mechanism for a cell to acquire the hallmark characteristics of cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the existence of a noncanonical edge within a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling network based upon variation in protein expression alone, using a mathematical model of the early signaling events associated with epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (ErbB1) signaling network as an illustrative example. The abundance of canonical protein-RTK complexes (e.g., growth factor receptor bound protein 2-ErbB1 and Src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein 1-ErbB1) were used to establish a threshold that was correlated with ligand-dependent changes in cell proliferation. Given the available data, the uncertainty associated with this threshold was estimated using an empirical Bayesian approach. Using the variability in protein expression observed among a collection of breast cancer cell lines, this model was used to assess whether a noncanonical edge (e.g., Irs1-ErbB1) exceeds the threshold and to identify cell lines where this noncanonical edge is likely to be observed. Taken together, the simulations suggest that the topology of signal transduction networks within cells is influenced by quantitative parameters, such as protein expression and binding affinity. Moreover, forming this noncanonical pathway was not due solely to overexpression of the cell surface receptor but was influenced by overexpression of all members of the multiprotein complex. Multivariate alterations in expression of signaling proteins in cancer cells may activate noncanonical pathways and may rewire the signaling network within a cell.
Testing control chart subgroups for rationality

One of the key issues in statistical process control (SPC) is the forming ‘rational subgroups’. Rational subgroups are defined as 1 Subgroups displaying only random within-variation. 2 Subgroups having small within-variation to compare with variation between subgroups. In a previous paper1 we developed an approach of choosing the proper subgroup size for control charts for statistical process control. The approach is particularly appropriate for batch industries where some batch-to-batch variation is to be expected and should be accommodated. In this paper we will deal with the question of whether or not subgroups are rational. A randomness test can be used to verify rationality. The measure selected is the ratio of several different variance estimators. An example is provided to demonstrate the application of the measure.
Utility of three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography for assessment of relationships between the vertebrobasilar system and the cranial base.

OBJECTIVE: The optimal surgical exposure for basilar tip aneurysms is dictated by the relationship of the basilar bifurcation to the cranial base. This study was designed to evaluate three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography as a means of obtaining detailed anatomic information on the basilar artery and the surrounding cranial base in individual patients before surgery. METHODS: We studied 30 patients using three-dimensional computed tomographic angiographic reconstructions from 1-mm computed tomographic slices. Detailed anatomic measurements were performed to define the relationship between the basilar artery and the cranial base. Particular attention was paid to the height of the dorsum sellae and its relationship to the basilar bifurcation. RESULTS: The heights of the basilar apex and the vertebrobasilar junction, relative to the cranial base, were extremely variable. Considerable asymmetries in the heights of the left and right posterior clinoid processes were identified; in one case, this difference was more than 1 cm (mean difference in height, 0.9 mm; range, 0-10.3 mm). The heights of the posterior clinoid processes above the sellar floor ranged from 5.8 to 14.1 mm (mean height, 9.5 mm). We were able to determine the feasibility of the pterional/orbitozygomatic, middle fossa/ anterior petrosal, and presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approaches to an individual basilar bifurcation. We also estimated the amount of bone removal required and determined the operative distances via those approaches. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography is a useful tool for assessing critical anatomic relationships and represents an adjunct to conventional angiography in the planning of individualized, precisely tailored, cranial base approaches to the vertebrobasilar system.
D-optimal designs for Poisson regression models

Abstract Most of the current research on optimal experimental designs for generalized linear models focuses on logistic regression models. In this paper, D-optimal designs for Poisson regression models are discussed. For the one-variable first-order Poisson regression model, it has been found that the D-optimal design, in terms of effective dose levels, is independent of the model parameters. However, it is not the case for more complicated models. We investigate how the D-optimal designs depend on the model parameters for the one-variable second-order model and two-variable interaction model. The performance of some “standard” designs that appeal to practitioners is also studied.
Anxiolytic-like properties of fominoben

Abstract Fominoben, a centrally acting antiussive, has been shown recently to bind to the brain benzodiazepine binding site and to antagonize pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. The present study reports the ability of fominoben to produce anti-anxiety effects analogous to diazepam in a mouse exploratory model for anxiolytics. This action of fominoben was blocked by Ro15-1788, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, implicating a brain benzodiazepine binding site in this anxiolytic action of fominoben.
Radioactive Isotopes of Rubidium

Neutron deficient isotopes of rubidium have been prepared from bromine by bombardment with helium ions in the Berkeley 184-inch and 60-inch cyclotrons. The properties of these isotopes are as follows: The mass numbers were determined with a mass spectrograph. ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{81}$ has been shown to decay to the 13-sec. krypton, thereby assigning it to ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{81}$. Electrons from the conversion of a 190-kev gamma-ray caused by this krypton are observed with the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{81}$ radiations.
Creep-Fatigue-Environment Crack Tip Kinetics of Ni-Base Superalloys

Several time-dependent damage mechanisms can operate during creep-fatigue loading. In the crack tip region, creep deformation, stress relaxation, oxygen diffusion along grain boundaries, and grain boundary oxidation are all occurring during the hold period of a creep-fatigue cycle. These conditions can lead to grain boundary embrittlement; however, it depends on the rates of the different processes. A comparison of the kinetics can determine which mechanisms are operational and which mechanism is the rate limiting step in the time-dependent damage process during creep-fatigue crack growth. This paper presents results for intergranular embrittlement occurring within a 10 s hold period and compares the kinetics of the processes.
A multi-level analysis approach to measuring variations in biomass recalcitrance of Douglas fir tree samples.

Biomass recalcitrance is a major bottleneck in the development of an economically viable process to convert woody biomass into fuels and other valuable chemicals. Selective breeding of trees with low recalcitrance toward biofuel conversion could help significantly reduce the cost of biofuel production, but such efforts would require a greater understanding of the nature of variations in the biomass recalcitrance of softwood species. The complexity of biomass recalcitrance, however, hinders research into determining the viability of breeding programs aimed to improve the recalcitrance of softwoods. In this study, a method was developed to determine biomass recalcitrance at three levels: chemical composition, pretreatment yield, and sugar release from the enzymatic hydrolysis. This method is designed to investigate the biomass recalcitrance variations among different families of Douglas-fir, which is the most abundant and promising softwood species for biofuel production in the Pacific Northwest region. Wood samples from 150 plantation-grown trees were collected and analyzed to test the method and the applicability of the parameters screened. The relationships between these levels are discussed to determine the best method for screening large D. fir populations. A parameter, a biomass recalcitrance factor, was introduced to quantify the level of biomass recalcitrance toward sugar production from different D. fir trees.
Toddlers view artifact function normatively

Abstract When children use objects like adults, are they simply tracking regularities in others’ object use, or are they demonstrating a normatively defined awareness that there are right and wrong ways to act? This study provides the first evidence for the latter possibility. Young 2- and 3-year-olds ( n = 32) learned functions of 6 artifacts, both familiar and novel. A puppet subsequently used the artifacts, sometimes in atypical ways, and children's spontaneous reactions were coded. Children responded normatively to non-designed uses (e.g., protesting, tattling), although the effect was stronger among older children. Reactions were identical for novel and familiar items, underscoring how rapidly tool-function mappings are formed. Results depict toddlers as already sensitive to the uniquely human, normative nature of tool use.
Human Chromosome 21 Dosage: Effect on the Expression of the Interferon Induced Antiviral State

Human primary skin fibroblasts trisomic for chromosome 13, 18, or 21 and diploid human skin fibroblasts were induced for an antiviral response with human interferon. The cells that were trisomnic for chromosome 21 were three to seven times more sensitive to protection by human interferon than the normal diploid or trisomic 18 or 13 fibroblasts. The differential response in trisomnic 21 cells is consistent with the known assignment of the human antiviral gene to chromosome 21.
3-oxa-5-carba analogues of β-lactam antibiotics

Abstract The syntheses of some 3-oxa-l-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-8-one carboxylic acid salts is described using Hg+2-assisted intramolecular cyclization of an allyl-azetidinone alcohol.
Synthesis and characterization of gel-derived barium hexa-aluminate

Transparent barium hexa-aluminate gel was synthesized by chemical polymerization reactions involving commercial aluminium di(isopropoxide) acetoacetic ester and barium acetate. The gel was evaluated in terms of weight loss and thermal and crystallization characteristics by thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The as-prepared gel was amorphous to electron diffraction. X-ray diffraction results showed that fully crystalline barium hexa-aluminate can be produced at ≤1200°C which is 150°C less than the minimum synthesis temperature reported in the literature. The crystallization kinetics of the gel are discussed on the basis of the X-ray diffraction data. Furthermore, preliminary studies were conducted to examine the sintering behaviour of isostatically pressed pellets fabricated from 800°C heat-treated and milled gel powder. The sintered pellets were characterized in terms of density, microstructure, and linear thermal expansion. Sinterability of the material at 1550°C was unsatisfactory. The sintered density of the pellets was less than 60%. Microstructural examinations showed that sintered pellets were highly porous and consisted of a mixture of round, hexagonal plate-like and needle-like particles, the relative proportion of each type being dependent on the heat-treatment schedule. The linear expansion coefficient measured on a 1550°C sintered specimen was 7.3×10−6 in the 15 to 1000°C range.
Ab initio computational spectroscopy and vibrational dynamics of polyatomic molecules: Applications to syn and anti-CH3CHOO and NO3

Abstract This article describes theoretical/computational techniques that are aimed at addressing both vibrational spectroscopy and large-amplitude nuclear dynamics. Two new examples from our group are discussed in detail. These are the syn and anti -conformers of the Crigee intermediate CH 3 CHOO and isotope effects in the nitrate radical vibrational energies. For both, potential energy surfaces that are mathematical fits to thousands of electronic energies are described. Dipole moment surfaces for syn and anti -CH 3 CHOO are also described. These surfaces are used in new, full-dimensional vibrational calculations for syn and anti -CH 3 CHOO and survey infrared spectra are reported up to 6200 cm −1 . For NO 3 the focus is on further studies of isotope effects, using an adiabatic PES that was recently reported in a study of the vibrational energies of 14 N 16 O 3 and 15 N 16 O 3 (Homayoon and Bowman, 2014).
1051 Efficacy and Safety of Imipenem in Childhood

Imipenem, a very broad spectrum antimicrobial drug was given to 40 children ranging in age from 3 months to 13 years (median 2 years). Children younger than 3 years received 100 mg/kg/day and children older than 3 years received 60 mg/kg/day. 29 organisms were isolated from 26 patients. Infections included 11 cellulitis, 4 osteomyelitis, 4 septic arthritis, 2 lymphadenitis, 2 renal infections, 2 wound infections, and 1 pneumonia. Organisms included 8 S. aureus, 7 S. pyogenes, 7 H. influenza b, 3 P. aeruoinosa, 2 S. pneumonia, 1 E. coli, 1 S. enteritides. 6 patients were bacteremic (5 H. influenza, 1 S. pneumonia). Patients were treated for 2 to 14 days (mean 6 days). All responded favorably with sterilization of the infected site, defervescence and improvement in the local findings. All the organisms were susceptible to imipenem, and none developed resistance. There were no superinfections. 40 patients were analyzed for tolerance and safety. Imipenem was well tolerated and there were no significant side effects. Transient side effects noted were: irritation of iv site (3), diarrhea (2), SCOT elevation (2), leukopenia (1).
A Bioenergetics Modeling Evaluation of Top-down Control of Ruffe in the St. Louis River, Western Lake Superior

Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), were accidentally introduced into the St. Louis River estuary, western Lake Superior, in the mid 1980s and it was feared that they might affect native fish through predation on eggs and competition for forage and habitat. In an effort to control the abundance of ruffe and limit dispersal, a top-down control strategy using predators was implemented in 1989. We used bioenergetics modeling to examine the efficacy of top-down control in the St. Louis Riverfront 1991 to 1994. Five predators––northern pike (Esox lucius), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum), small-mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens)––were modeled to determine their consumption of ruffe and four other native prey species––spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus). Although predators ate as much as 47% of the ruffe biomass in 1 year, they were not able to halt the increase in ruffe abundance. The St. Louis River is an open system that allows predators to move freely out of the system, and the biomass of managed predators did not increase. A selectivity index showed all five predators selected the native prey and avoided ruffe. The St. Louis River has several predator and prey species creating many complex predator-prey interactions; and top-down control of ruffe by the predators examined in this study did not occur.
Some numerical results on best uniform rational approximation of x α on [0,1]

Let α be a positive number, and letEn,n(xα;[0,1]) denote the error of best uniform rational approximation from πn,n toxα on the interval [0,1]. We rigorously determined the numbers {En,n(xα;[0,1])}n=1/30 for six values of α in the interval (0, 1), where these numbers were calculated with a precision of at least 200 significant digits. For each of these six values of α, Richardson's extrapolation was applied to the products\(\{ e^{\pi \sqrt {4\alpha n} } E_{n,n} (x^\alpha ;[0,1])\} _{n = 1}^{30} \) to obtain estimates of $$\lambda (\alpha ): = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } e^{\pi \sqrt {4\alpha n} } E_{n,n} (x^\alpha ;[0,1]) (\alpha > 0).$$
Short-term exposures to chronically toxic copper concentrations induce HSP70 proteins in midge larvae (Chironomus tentans)

Abstract In the present study, we investigated the induction of HSP70 proteins in Chironomus tentans in response to copper exposure. Larvae were exposed for 24 h to 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg l−1 copper, concentrations that were previously shown to cause growth reduction or mortality in 10 d bioassays. The induction of HSP70 was evaluated by Western blotting, and we observed a significant increase in HSP70 proteins over controls at all tested concentrations. The results suggest that short-term laboratory exposures to chronically toxic but acutely sublethal copper concentrations induce HSP70 proteins in C. tentans larvae.
Myoclonus from selective dentate nucleus degeneration in type 3 Gaucher disease.

Objective To describe a case with a new genetic variant of type 3 Gaucher disease presenting with stimulus-sensitive and action myoclonus in the presence of selective dentate abnormalities. Design Clinical, pathologic, and molecular genetic studies. Setting Medical school departments. Patient A 6-year-old girl with type 3 Gaucher disease experienced progressively crippling generalized stimulus-sensitive and action myoclonus. Repeated electroencephalographic examination did not show cortical activity associated with the myoclonus, suggesting its subcortical origin. Neuropathological examination revealed selective degeneration of the cerebellar dentate nucleus and dentatorubrothalamic pathway in the face of essentially complete lack of storage in the brain. Mutation analysis identified the following 2 mutant alleles: one with a V394L mutation and the other with the lesion RecTL ( D409H + L444P + A456P + V460V ), which resulted from a recombination event, with the pseudogene located 16 kilobases downstream from the structural gene. Conclusion Given the restricted abnormalities, this genetically unique case provides insight into the pathogenesis of myoclonus and suggests a prominent role for the cerebellar dentate nucleus in its genesis.
Psychological Distress Experienced by Parents of Young Children With Congenital Heart Defects: A Comprehensive Review of Literature

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the existing research on the psychological distress experienced by parents whose young children (between the ages of 0 and 5 years old) have a congenital heart defect (CHD). A more detailed understanding of the distress experienced by these parents, including stress associated with the child's age, the severity of the child's diagnosis, and parent characteristics, is vital as it would allow for more targeted and individualized support for this population to enhance parental coping strategies and increase the likelihood of more positive parent–child interactions. This review of 25 studies contributes to the parenting stress literature by focusing on parents of young children and categorizing studies by publication characteristics, research methodology, and findings. The research clearly demonstrates that parents report a great deal of stress throughout the continuum of their child's health care experience. Recommendations for future research and practice im...
Analysis of quasi-free scattering data in the impulse approximation

We propose a set of variables to be used in place of the customary energies and angles in the analysis of quasi-free scattering data. In terms of these variables one can reduce the usual fivefold differential cross section to a threefold differential including the effects of experimental acceptance without resorting to Monte Carlo techniques. In this form the dependence of the data on nuclear and two-particle variables is clearly separated. Finally, two simple tests of the impulse approximation, the Treiman-Yang test and the Chew-Low extrapolation, can be applied directly to the data in particularly simple form.
Discriminative stimulus effects of N-allylnormetazocine in rats trained to discriminate a kappa from a sigma agonist.

Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) from vehicle, phencyclidine (PCP) from vehicle, or ethylketocyclazocine from phencyclidine on a two-lever operant task with a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food-reinforcement on the appropriate lever. The three groups wre tested with the training drugs (i.e., EKC and PCP), N-allylnormetazocine (NANM), and the (+)− and (−)-isomers of N-allylnormetazocine. EKC produced EKC-appropriate responding in the EKC-vehicle group and in the EKC-PCP group; it produced vehicle-appropriate responding in the PCP-vehicle group. Similarly, PCP produced PCP-appropriate responding in the PCP-vehicle group and in the EKC-PCP group but vehicle-appropriate responding in the EKC-vehicle group. The (+)-isomer of NANM produced PCP-appropriate responding in both the PCP-VEH and EKC-PCP groups, whereas the (−)-isomer produced EKC appropriate responding in the EKC-VEH and EKC-PCP groups. The results of this study demonstrate that rats can be trained to discriminate a kappa-agonist from a PCP/sigma-agonist and can differentiate these discriminative stimulus properties of other test compounds. These results also indicate that the (−)-isomer of NANM has kappa-agonist discriminative stimulus properties, whereas PCP/sigma-like effects are produced by the (+)-isomer.
Results of colestipol therapy in Type II hyperlipoproteinemia.

Abstract Twenty-five patients with well defined Type II hyperlipoproteinemia were treated with a divided 15 g daily dose of colestipol, a bile acid sequestrant, for periods of up to 20 months. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Those with no obvious sequelae, those with arcus corneae, xanthomas, and/or xanthelasmas only, and those with atherosclerotic complications. Colestipol lowered plasma cholesterol in all 3 groups, but reduced it to normal or near-normal levels in only 9 of the 25 patients (36%). The response of plasma triglycerides was highly variable; the mean for each group was elevated by the drug. Colestipol was well-tolerated and its effect did not diminish with time. It is a useful drug in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
An experimental and correlative study of the vapor-liquid equilibria of the tetrafluoromethane-chlorotrifluoromethane system

Abstract Experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data for mixtures of tetrafluoromethane and chlorotrifluoromethane were determined at 199.82, 222.04, 244.26, 266.48, and 288.71 K with an apparatus based on the vapor-recirculation technique. For the isotherms which exceeded the critical temperature of tetrafluoromethane, data were obtained at pressures approaching the critical pressure. The data were correlated using the Peng-Robinson equation of state for both phases. This equation was found to model the phase behavior of the system adequately with one experimentally determined interaction parameter which compared favorably with the one obtained independently from P-V-T data on the binary mixture.
Evidence for plasmid-associated lactose metabolism inLactobacillus casei subsp.casei

Lac variants ofLactobacillus casei subsp.casei DR1002 (formerly 64H) have been produced using acriflavin, ethidium bromide, mitomycin C, or combinations of these agents. Two successive transfers in the presence of acriflavin and mitomycin C or ethidium bromide and mitomycin C resulted in nearly a 100% loss of lactose fermentation. Cesium chloride-ethidium bromide isopycnic gradient ultracentrifugal analysis of purified lysates demonstrated that the 23-mdal plasmid (pDR101) found inL. casei DR1002 was consistently absent in Lac(-) clones. We concluded that, as in lactic streptococci, lactose metablism is a plasmid-mediated train inL. casei DR1002.
Interrater reliability of the history and physical examination in patients with mechanical neck pain.

Abstract Cleland JA, Childs JD, Fritz JM, Whitman JM. Interrater reliability of the history and physical examination in patients with mechanical neck pain. Objective To examine the interrater reliability of the history and physical examination in patients with mechanical neck pain. Design Single-group repeated measures for interrater reliability. Setting Outpatient physical therapy clinic. Participants Twenty-two patients with mechanical neck pain underwent a standardized history and physical examination by a physical therapist. Intervention Following a 5-minute break, a second therapist who was blind to the findings of examiner 1 performed the second standardized history and physical examination. Main Outcome Measures The Cohen κ and weighted κ were used to calculate the interrater reliability of ordinal level data from the history and physical examination. Intraclass correlation coefficients model 2,1 (ICC 2,1 ) and the 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the interrater reliability for continuous variables. Results The κ coefficients ranged from −.06 to .90 for the variables obtained from the history. Reliability values for categorical data collected during the physical examination ranged from no to substantial agreement depending on the particular test and measure. ICC 2,1 for cervical range of motion (ROM) measurements ranged between .66 and .78. Conclusions We have reported the interrater reliability of the history and physical examination in a group of patients with a primary report of neck pain. The reliability variables varied considerably for manual assessment techniques and were significantly higher for the examination of muscle length and cervical ROM. Ultimately, it will be up to each clinician to determine if a particular test or measure poses adequate reliability to assist in the clinical decision making process.
APL: Dramatically reduce coding time on your PC with this powerful language

The author describes how APL can be used to greatly reduce programming time on a personal computer. He introduces some of the primitive APL functions and illustrates their use. Data selection, sorting, and matrix problems are discussed. The use of APL with character, rather than numerical, data is shown.
Synthesis and metal-binding properties of chelating fluorescein derivatives.

Two routes to highly functionalized metal-chelating fluorescein derivatives have been pursued. Compound 3 is partially quenched by a variety of first-row transition metal ions in aqueous solution, with EC50 values ranging from 0.4 to 60 μM. Compounds of this type may find application in biological sensing.
Electrical characterization of Si/Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 quantum well wires fabricated by low damage CF 4 reactive ion etching

Abstract Nearly damage free etching of a high mobility Si SiGe heterostructure is obtained by using very low power reactive ion etching and precise end-point detection. Conductance versus wire width plots of 0.08 μm to 1 μm wide Si SiGe quantum well wires show the combined nonconducting width at the edges to be 0.13 μm ± 0.01 μm, in agreement with weak localization studies. Mobility vs. sheet concentration measurements indicate little or no degradation in electron mobility after processing. Furthermore, our study demonstrates very little difference between wires with and without post-RIE (reactive-ion etching) annealing and passivation treatment. Application of this process for fabricating point contacts and other quantum effect devices is demonstrated.
A propensity analysis of the risk of vascular complications after cardiac catheterization procedures with the use of vascular closure devices.

Background Complications of vascular access are one of the most common adverse events after coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and are reported to occur in 1% to 9% of cases. There are conflicting reports of the association of vascular complications with the use of vascular closure devices (VCDs). The purpose of this study was to assess femoral arterial access–related vascular outcomes after invasive cardiology procedures with the routine use of VCDs. Methods A total of 12 937 consecutive patients were studied for inhospital outcomes through a prospective registry from January 2002 to December 2005. Of these, 6913 (53%) patients underwent PCI and 9996 (77%) patients received VCDs. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of vascular complications. A propensity analysis of VCD use was performed to account for potential bias in the likelihood of using such devices. Results Vascular complications occurred in 0.7% of diagnostic angiography and 2.7% of PCI patients. The risk of vascular complications was significantly lower with closure device use compared with manual compression in both diagnostic angiography (0.5% vs 1.1%, P = .01*) and PCI (2.4% vs 4.9%, P Conclusions In contemporary practice, VCDs offer reduced risk of vascular complications as compared with manual compression in appropriately selected patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac catheterizations.
Managing discoveries in the visual analytics process

Visualization systems traditionally focus on graphical representation of information. They tend not to provide integrated analytical services that could aid users in tackling complex knowledge discovery tasks. Users' exploration in such environments is usually impeded due to several problems: 1) valuable information is hard to discover when too much data is visualized on the screen; 2) Users have to manage and organize their discoveries off line, because no systematic discovery management mechanism exists; 3) their discoveries based on visual exploration alone may lack accuracy; and 4)they have no convenient access to the important knowledge learned by other users. To tackle these problems, it has been recognized that analytical tools must be introduced into visualization systems. In this paper, we present a novel analysis-guided exploration system, called the Nugget Management System (NMS). It leverages the collaborative effort of human comprehensibility and machine computations to facilitate users' visual exploration processes. Specifically, NMS first helps users extract the valuable information (nuggets) hidden in datasets based on their interests. Given that similar nuggets may be rediscovered by different users, NMS consolidates the nugget candidate set by clustering based on their semantic similarity. To solve the problem of inaccurate discoveries, localized data mining techniques are applied to refine the nuggets to best represent the captured patterns in datasets. Visualization techniques are then employed to present our collected nugget pool and thus create the nugget view. Based on the nugget view, interaction techniques are designed to help users observe and organize the nuggets in a more intuitive manner and eventually faciliate their sense-making process. We integrated NMS into XmdvTool, a freeware multivariate visualization system. User studies were performed to compare the users' efficiency and accuracy in finishing tasks on real datasets, with and without the help of NMS. Our user studies confirmed the effectiveness of NMS.
Postoperative irradiation in non-small cell lung cancer

A growing body of evidence suggests that postoperative irradiation for non-small cell lung cancer may cause life-threatening toxicity and, when the risk of local-regional recurrence is low, the toxicity of irradiation may outweight the benefit. However, many of these studies used outdated, even crude techniques. Although these techniques may be responsible for a significant amount of the toxicity reported in these studies, essentially no randomized or high-quality retrospective study has shown a survival benefit for postoperative irradiation for patients with N0 or N1 disease. The situation for N2 tumors is more positive. Taken as a whole, the available data suggest that, as a worst-case scenario, the net effect of adjuvant irradiation is neutral (with neither a net survival decrement nor a net advantage). As a best-case scenario, postoperative irradiation may improve the chance for long-term survival in patients with N2 tumors.
Dating violence and substance use in college students: A review of the literature

Dating violence is a serious and prevalent problem among college-aged dating couples. Although substance use has been shown to be associated with dating violence among college students in empirical studies, the use of substances as they relate to dating violence has yet to be systematically reviewed. The purpose of the present manuscript is to review research on dating violence (perpetration and victimization) and substance use (alcohol and drugs). First, theoretical explanations for the association between substances and dating violence are presented. Second, the literature on substance use and dating violence is reviewed. The literature suggests a consistent association between alcohol and dating violence perpetration and victimization, although the association between drug use and dating violence is less clear. Implications of this review for dating violence prevention programming and future research are discussed.