cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining Factors for the Adoption of E-Business: The Case of SMEs in Korea

This study investigates the determining factors of the successful adoption of e-business by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Korea using survey data. After the major determining factors were identified from the innovation adoption literature and were extracted by applying the principal component analysis to the survey data and by adding the country-specific characteristics of Korea, we conducted empirical analyses to determine the critical success factors for the adoption of e-business by Korean firms. The empirical results which are based on t-tests of the differences between adopters and non-adopters, the linear probability model, and the logit model, all suggest that the important determinants of the successful adoption of e-business by SMEs in Korea are: the CEO's knowledge of information technology (IT)/e-business, relative advantages and benefits from implementing e-business, governmental support, globalization strategy and the North Korean factor. Business size, the cost of e-business adoption and competitive pressure of the industry do not seem to play an important role in the adoption of e-business by Korean SMEs. The policy implications of this study on promoting e-business adoption by SMEs in emerging economies, such as Korea, are also discussed.
Growth Inhibition of New Human Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines by Activation of Adenylate Cyclase through the β-Adrenergic Receptor1

In normal thyroid cells, the TSH-adenylate cyclase system plays a pivotal role in controlling growth and differentiation. However, the role of this system in the growth of thyroid carcinoma is not well understood. To investigate this subject, we have established four new human thyroid carcinoma cell lines, designated BHP 2-7, 7-13, 10-3, and 18-21, from different patients. Northern gel analysis revealed that all of these cell lines expressed Pax-8 messenger ribonucleic acid; additionally, only BHP 18-21 cells expressed TTF-1 messenger ribonucleic acid. These cells were treated with various concentrations of 8-bromo-cAMP, forskolin, TSH, and adrenergic receptor agonist (norepinephrine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol). Cell proliferation was assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation and cell number. In these human thyroid carcinoma cell lines, the addition of 8-bromo-cAMP reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation at a concentration of 10 mumol/L. Forskolin (0.1-10 mumol/L) significantly induced cAMP accumulation, decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation, and reduced cell number in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, TSH (0.01-1 mU/ mL) did not affect the accumulation of cAMP or cell growth. We found that adrenergic receptor agonists induced the accumulation of cAMP and inhibited cell growth. The rank of potency was isoproterenol > epinephrine > > norepinephrine. The binding studies of [3H]CGP-12177, a specific beta-adrenergic agonist, revealed that these new thyroid carcinoma cells had beta-adrenergic receptors. These results indicate that cAMP inhibits the growth of some human thyroid carcinoma cells, and that cAMP production is regulated through beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated pathways, but not through TSH receptor-mediated pathways.
South Pacific albacore: prospects for international management

Abstract Efforts to negotiate an international management plan for the South Pacific albacore fishery are hampered by the large number of nations with interests in the resource, the difficulty of devising workable, coordinated strategies at the international level, and the immense area over which the albacore resource is distributed. However, the present paper demonstrates that the terms of previous fishery agreements in the South Pacific region may help the nations concerned meet the conditions for successful international regime formation set forth in a model by Owen Young. In particular, these terms have helped foster integrative bargaining, equitable arrangements, salient solutions, effective compliance mechanisms, and international entrepreneurship.
A study on flow through hydroentangling nozzles and their degradation

Abstract Hydroentangling is a technique for mechanically bonding loose filaments or fibers arranged in a web. The efficiency with which the web is entangled depends on the peculiar properties of laminar high-speed waterjets used. The characteristics of such waterjets strongly depend on the operating pressure and the nozzle inlet sharpness which influence the dynamics of fluid flow. In this study, we report on experiments and CFD simulations aimed at improving our knowledge of such two-phase flows. In particular, we simulate the formation and growth of the cavitation cloud inside a sharp-edge hydroentangling nozzle at pressures ranging from 10 to 200 bars ( 5700 Re 25 600 ) . Our experimental results run at the same pressures, confirm that nozzle cavitation will cause “hydraulic flip”. Once hydraulic flip occurs, atomizing waterjets will turn into constricted laminar waterjets with long intact lengths—a necessary condition for hydroentangling. It has been observed that the nozzle inlet deteriorates under high pressures. Our CFD simulations show a striking similarity between the contours of shear stress at the nozzle inlet and the nozzle wear pattern. These findings together with the SEM elemental analysis at the nozzle inlet reveal the potential for metal oxidation around the inlet, implicating stress-induced corrosion as a major contributor to the nozzle wear. Cavitation might also be one of the mechanisms responsible for the above-mentioned wear at the inlet edge. Additionally, our water-borne solid particle tracking, confirms SEM experimental results that particle deposition can potentially play a considerable role in the deterioration of the nozzle inlet shape.
Positive screening on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) in extremely low gestational age newborns.

Objective To test the hypothesis that children born preterm are more likely to screen positive on the M-CHAT for an autism spectrum disorder. Study design We compared the M-CHAT positive rate of those with cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment, and vision and hearing impairments to those without such deficits. Results Relative to children who could walk, the odds for screening positive on the M-CHAT were increased 23-fold for those unable to sit or stand independently and more than 7-fold for those requiring assistance to walk. Compared with children without a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, those with quadriparesis were 13 times more likely to screen positive, and those with hemiparesis were 4 times more likely to screen positive. Children with major vision or hearing impairments were 8 times more likely to screen positive than those without such impairments. Relative to those with a Mental Development Index (MDI) of >70, the odds for screening positive were increased 13-fold for those with an MDI of Conclusions Major motor, cognitive, visual, and hearing impairments appear to account for more than half of the positive M-CHAT screens in extremely low gestational age newborns. Even after those with such impairments were eliminated, 10% of children—nearly double the expected rate—screened positive.
Thermal and catalytic coprocessing of Illinois No. 6. coal with model and commingled waste plastics

Abstract Coprocessing of waste plastics with coal was investigated at reaction conditions typical of direct liquefaction using slurry phase Mo and Fe hydrogenation catalysts. Reactions were performed with individual model polymers including polyisoprene, polystyrene, and high and low density polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE), and with coal alone in the presence and absence of a hydrogen donor solvent and catalysts at 400 °C and of an initial H 2 pressure of 5.6 MPa. Polyisoprene and polystyrene liquefied readily at these conditions; however, neither HDPE nor LDPE liquefied much with these catalysts or conditions. The conversion to THF solubles and product distributions from coprocessing reactions with coal and each polymer performed at the same reaction conditions were compared to those obtained with individual polymers. The coprocessing reactions with polyisoprene and polystyrene yielded thermal and catalytic conversions in the range of 62.3 to 95.5% while the coprocessing reactions with HDPE or LDPE yielded low conversion in the range of 20.2 to 43.2%. Catalytic reactions using carbon black, minerals, and fluid catalytic cracking catalysts were performed with HDPE and LDPE to evaluate their effect on conversion. After pretreatment, the fluid catalytic cracking catalysts showed activity for converting LDPE at 440 °C with an initial H 2 pressure of 5.6 MPa. Subsequent coprocessing reactions of LDPE and coal and commingled plastics and coal were performed with four fluid catalytic cracking catalysts and a zeolite HZSM-5. HZSM-5 was the most effective catalyst for converting both coprocessing systems although more gaseous products were produced than with the fluid catalytic cracking catalysts. The coprocessing reactions with commingled plastics, which consisted primarily of HDPE with some polypropylene, and coal yielded less conversion and less hexane-soluble materials than the LDPE coprocessing system.
Proliferation of corneal epithelium induced by epidermal growth factor.

Abstract Epidermal growth factor stimulates the proliferation of corneal epithelium both in organ culture and in vivo. This induction of hyperplasia has been demonstrated histologically with embryonic human and chick corneas in culture. The topical application of the factor to the eyes of rabbits with corneal wounds resulted in a marked hyperplasia resembling that observed in culture. However, the effect noted in vivo was transient and the epithelium rapidly regressed to its normal thickness.
Regulation of human osteoblast integrin expression by orthopedic implant materials

Integrins are transmembrane proteins that mediate attachment to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Integrins act as ECM receptors and are believed to play a role in signal transduction and gene regulation, potentially influencing several cellular functions, including differentiation, growth, and migration. Several integrins have previously been found in bone cells in vivo and in vitro. Because the biologic fixation of orthopedic implants depends on optimal cell interactions at the interface, we examined whether integrins are involved in the attachment of osteoblasts to implant materials. In this study, we have used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of integrins in primary human osteoblasts cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (PS), and rough and polished disks of the orthopedic alloys titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti) and cobalt-chrome-molybdenum (CC). The integrin subunits, alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha v, alpha 6, beta 1 and beta 3, were expressed by primary human osteoblasts cultured on PS coated with various ECM molecules. However, alpha 5 and alpha 6 were notably absent in cells attached to the alloys. Also, alpha 3 was not present on rough Ti, polished CC, or rough CC, and beta 3 was not expressed by cells on rough CC. Thus, the nature of the metal alloy appeared to influence the expression of particular integrins. As a result, the ability of cells to adhere to and receive messages from the extracellular matrix may also be influenced by the substratum. These differences may explain previously observed differences in degree of cell attachment to these metals.
Review of Planning for uncertainty: living wills and other advance directives for you and your family, 2nd edition by David John Doukas, M.D., and William Reichel, M.D

Advance directives are useful ways to express one's wishes about end of life care, but even now most people have not completed one of the documents. David Doukas and William Reichel strongly encourage planning for end of life care. Although Planning for Uncertainty is at times fairly abstract for the general reader, it does provide useful background and practical steps.
Cleaning of optics polished with colloidal formulations

Colloidal silica lapping compounds are used for polishing optics. The particles must maintain a charge balance to remain in suspension. If the supporting electrolyte is disturbed, the particles precipitate as a flocculent or agglomerate.
Boundaries, Borders, and Reference Points: The Caribbean Defined as Geographic Region and Social Reality

Terms used to describe a region often reflect and directly influence the way space, identity, and history are conceived or constructed. The Caribbean is one such place where external definitions frequently transcend simple geography and socio-political boundaries. The region can be understood by both temporal and cultural categories. The case is made in this paper that archaeological interpretations of social history are impacted by how one conceives of the region.
Evaluating Library Discovery Tools through a Music Lens

This paper outlines how to use specialized cataloging to evaluate discovery tools for library collections. An awareness of the capability offered by bibliographic records and data for specialized materials enables libraries to conduct their own evaluation of a discovery tool’s functionality for complex materials. Bibliographic records for materials such as music are excellent for putting a discovery tool through rigorous testing. This paper may be used to facilitate evaluation of discovery tools by those without music cataloging expertise, and it provides a ready supply of examples to quickly identify complex search strategies.
A miniaturized switchable SIW-CBS antenna using positive and negative order resonances

A switchable SIW-CBS antenna with two different operating bands using a new switching method is presented. The method uses the reactive loading effect of shortening posts inside the cavity to change the overall resonance order from negative to positive. In order to achieve the negative order resonance, a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) structure is used by inserting an interdigital slot on the top side of a SIW cavity instead of a conventional rectangular slot. Using a two-layer substrate structure the antenna is totally isolated from the biasing circuit. Thus, the operating resonance frequency can be easily tuned by switching the posts using p-i-n diodes. Using this technique and by switching between the negative and positive order resonances, a frequency tuning ratio (fTR=fup/flow) of 2.7 (1.83-4.93 GHz) is achieved. The antenna shows similar radiation patterns with high purity and front-to-back ratio for both operating bands.
A relationship-oriented model of HIV-related stigma derived from a review of the HIV-affected couples literature.

Previous research has focused on the influence of HIV-related stigma for the psychological adjustment and physical health of persons with HIV/AIDS. Few studies, however, have examined the impact of HIV-related stigma on close relationships where one or both couple members have HIV/AIDS. The current review will integrate previous research findings to substantiate a relationship-oriented theoretical model of HIV-related stigma that delineates interpersonal variables important for understanding the influence of types of HIV-related stigma on couple-level as well as relevant individual-level outcomes. In doing so, supportive evidence is presented from the extant quantitative and qualitative literature that has assessed or examined HIV-affected couple members’ experiences with HIV-related stigma. Implications from this review are presented for researchers who examine issues related to HIV-related stigma.
Unconditional hyperactivity and transient reinforcing effects of NMDA administration into the ventral tegmental area in rats

The dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens plays an important role in positive reinforcement and locomotion. Intra-VTA administration of many drugs capable of activating these neurons has been shown to be reinforcing and induce locomotion. Administration of the excitatory amino acid NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) into the VTA may likewise be positively reinforcing, because it stimulates the meso-accumbens dopamine system and locomotion. Locomotor-rearing experiments were conducted to pinpoint the range of NMDA concentrations that induce significant locomotion and rearing, and to determine whether co-administration of the glycine binding site agonist d-serine would enhance the effects of NMDA administration into the VTA. Reinforcing effects of NMDA were assessed by intracranial self-administration procedures: a lever-press delivered a 75-nl infusion containing NMDA (0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 mM) plus serine into the VTA or an adjacent region, the supramammillary nucleus. Co-administration of serine slightly enhanced rearing induced by NMDA administration. Administration of NMDA at concentrations of 0.3 or 1.0 mM (500 nl) induced vigorous locomotion and rearing. NMDA (0.3 mM) was self-administered into the VTA slightly more than vehicle in the first or second sessions, yet this small reinforcing effect became irregular in subsequent sessions. The rats did not learn to self-administer NMDA into the supramammillary nucleus. Ventral tegmental NMDA injections, in the concentration range that induced marked unconditional hyperactivity, supported only marginal and transient self-administration.
Expectation values in one- and two-electron atomic systems

Abstract Some inequalities are derived for electronic expectation values in position and momentum spaces from theoretical considerations including the Schwarz inequality. The influence of the type of the basis (usual exponential orbitals or gaussian orbitals) is analysed. Numerical applications are given for hydrogen and helium.
The effect of folate deficiency on the cytotoxic and mutagenic responses to ethyl methanesulfonate in human lymphoblastoid cell lines that differ in p53 status.

Abstract Folic acid deficiency acts synergistically with alkylating agents to increase genetic damage at the HPRT locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro and in rat splenocytes in vivo. The present studies extend these observations to human cells and, in addition, investigate the role of p53 activity on mutation induction. The human lymphoblastoid cell lines TK6 and WTK1 are derived from the same parental cell line (WI-L2), but WTK1 expresses mutant p53. Treatment of folate-replete or deficient WTK1 and TK6 cells with increasing concentrations (0–50 μg/ml) of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) resulted in significantly different HPRT mutation dose-response relationships (P A transition on the non-transcribed strand. These transitions were mainly at non-CpG sites, particularly when these bases were flanked 3′ by a purine or on both sides by G:C base pairs. A smaller number of G>A transitions occurred on the transcribed strand (C>T=14%), resulting in 79% total G:C>A:T transitions. There were more genomic deletions in folate-deficient (15%) as compared to replete cells (4%) of both cell types. Mutations that altered RNA splicing were common in both cell types and under both folate conditions, representing 33% of the total mutations. These studies indicate that cells expressing p53 activity exhibit a higher rate of mutation induction but are more sensitive to the toxic effects of alkylating agents than those lacking p53 activity. Folate deficiency tends to reduce toxicity but increase mutation induction after EMS treatment. The p53 gene product did not have a major influence on the molecular spectrum after treatment with EMS, while folate deficiency increased the frequency of deletions in both cell types.
Memory for numbers: Nominal vs. magnitude information

Across three paired associate learning experiments, the recall of four-digit number responses to word stimuli favored the most significant digit over the least significant (magnitude encoding rather than exhibiting typical bowed serial position functions (nominal encoding). Only with instructions emphasizing exact recall of each individual digit did recall functions revert to bowed curves. The results are interpreted as evidence for two kinds of number coding in semantic memory.
Two-Dimensional Modeling and Parametric Studies of Heat Transfer in a Direct-Fired Furnace with Impinging Jets

Abstract This paper presents a steady state mathematical model of a direct-fired continuous reheating furnace. The model was developed to identify the design and operating parameters that significantly affect furnace performance. The actual furnace, which requires a full three-dimensional mathematical description, is approximated two-dimensionally. The fuel and air streams enter the furnace in such a way that the load is heated by direct impingement of a turbulent diffusion flame jet. The details of the combustion space model, which includes a turbulence model and a discrete-ordinates representation of the radiation field, are provided. In addition, the results of parametric studies, in which the fuel firing rate and the load and refractory emissivities were varied, are provided.
Putting the research into practice

Tobacco use is common and is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States and the United Kingdom. Smoking cessation benefits virtually every smoker, regardless of age, disease state, or years of smoking.1 Smoking persists because of physical dependence on nicotine and psychological dependence on cigarettes as part of the daily routine, and as a way of coping with stress.2 Smokers, even those with tobacco related disease, are often ambivalent about quitting, discouraged by failed attempts to stop, and unaware of effective treatments. Tobacco use is best regarded by doctors as a chronic condition requiring long term management rather than just one-time advice to quit.2 3 Pharmacotherapy and counselling are each effective for treating tobacco …
Gauge-invariant signal for gauge-symmetry breaking

The effective potential is computed to order $\ensuremath{\hbar}$ in an Abelian gauge theory---scalar electrodynamics. The calculation is performed first in the ghost-requiring ${R}_{\ensuremath{\xi}}$ gauges. The corresponding expression is also derived from the unitary Lagrangian. We discuss the gauge dependence of the effective potential and its minima in connection with spontaneous symmetry breakdown; and we interpret the unitary computation to be the physically relevant one.
Four cardiac hormones eliminate up to 82% of human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells within 24 hours.

Four cardiac hormones, i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide, and kaliuretic peptide, which have anticancer effects, were evaluated for the first time on any endocrine cancer to determine if they have anticancer effects in an endocrine cancer. These four cardiac hormones were evaluated for their anticancer, DNA synthesis, and receptor status in human medullary thyroid cancer cells. There was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in human medulary thyroid cancer cells with each 10-fold increase from 1 to 100 µM of the four cardiac hormones. There was an 81%, 68%, 71%, and 66% elimination within 24 h of medullary thyroid cancer cells secondary to vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide, and long-acting natriuretic peptide, respectively (p<0.0001). Three days after treatment with these peptide hormones, there was no proliferation of the medullary thyroid cancer cells. These cardiac hormones decreased DNA synthesis in the medullary thyroid cells from 65% to 84% (p<0.0001). Western blots revealed natriuretic peptide receptors-A and -C were present in human medullary thyroid cancer cells. These results indicate the four cardiac hormones have potent anticancer effects by eliminating up to 82% of human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells within 24 h of treatment.
Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 Enhances Secretion of Amyloid β Peptide 1–42 in Human Neuroblastoma IMR-32 Cells by a Caspase-dependent Pathway

Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a leucine zipper protein that promotes neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuronal degeneration in AD may result from extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) 1-42. To examine the effect of Par-4 on Abeta secretion and to reconcile amyloid/apoptosis hypotheses of AD, we generated IMR-32 cell lines that overexpress Par-4 and/or its leucine zipper domain. Overexpression of Par-4 did not significantly affect levels of the endogenously expressed beta amyloid precursor protein but drastically increased the Abeta(1-42)/Abeta(total) ratio in the conditioned media about 6-8 h after trophic factor withdrawal. Time course analysis of caspase activation reveals that Par-4 overexpression exacerbated caspase activation, which is detectable within 2 h after trophic factor withdrawal. Furthermore, inhibition of caspase activity by the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor BD-fmk significantly attenuated the Par-4-induced increase in Abeta 1-42 production. In addition, the effects of Par-4 on secretion of Abeta 1-42 were consistently blocked by co-expression of the leucine zipper domain, indicating that the effect of Par-4 on Abeta secretion may require its interaction with other protein(s). These results suggest that Par-4 increases secretion of Abeta 1-42 largely through a caspase-dependent pathway after apoptotic cascades are initiated.
What maritime ISAR designers should know about ship dynamics

ISAR has enjoyed some success in imaging maritime targets, particularly ships. In fact, a number of maritime ISAR systems have been operational for a number of years. With ISAR, the ship's own motion is critical to forming well-resolved ISAR images. Seemingly important to accounting for ship motion is to first understand the nature of the ship motion that we are likely to encounter. Designing ships for specific motion characteristics is the domain of naval architecture. This paper presents some preliminary analysis of naval architecture principles, and typical ship designs' impact on the ISAR problem.
Outpatient abdominoplasty under conscious sedation

According to the authors, advantages of outpatient abdominoplasty performed with the patient under conscious sedation are decreased nausea and vomiting and greatly reduced risk of deep venous thrombosis. Sharp dissection without electrocautery, preservation of perforators, and a plane of dissection that preserves lymphatic vessels has provided rapid recovery, minimal need for postoperative narcotics, and a low complication rate.
Generation of Broadband Terahertz Surface Plasmons on Cylindrical Metal Wires via Optical Rectification

We demonstrate the generation of broadband radially polarized terahertz surface plasmons on a cylindrical metal wire via optical rectification in a poled polymer layer, creating new opportunities for terahertz near-field microscopy.
Glyphosate sensitivity of 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Bacillus subtilis depends upon state of activation induced by monovalent cations.

Abstract The 5- eneol -pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase from Bacillus subtilis was activated by monovalent cations, catalytic activity being negligible in the absence of monovalent cations. The order of cation effectiveness (NH 4 + > K + > Rb + > Na + = Cs + = Li + ) indicated that the extent of activation was directly related to the unhydrated cation radius. Ammonium salts, at physiological concentrations, were dramatically more effective than other cations. Activation by ammonium was instantaneous, was not influenced by the counter ion, and gave a hyperbolic saturation curve. Hill plots did not show detectable cooperativity in the binding of ammonium. Double-reciprocal plots indicated that ammonium increases the maximal velocity and decreases the apparent Michaelis constants of EPSP synthase with respect to both phospho enol pyruvate (PEP) and shikimate 3-phosphate (S3P). A direct relationship between sensitivity to inhibition by glyphosate and the activation state of EPSP synthase was demonstrated. Hill plots indicated a single value for glyphosate binding throughout the range of ammonium activation. Double-reciprocal plots of substrate saturation data obtained with ammonium-activated enzyme in the presence of glyphosate showed glyphosate to behave as a competitive inhibitor with respect to PEP and as a mixed-type inhibitor relative to S3P. The increased glyphosate sensitivity of ammonium-activated EPSP synthase is attributed to a lowering of the inhibitor constant of glyphosate with respect to PEP. Erroneous underestimates of sensitivities of some bacterial EPSP synthases to inhibition by glyphosate may result from failure to recognize cation requirements of EPSP synthases.
A monoclonal-antibody-defined adhesion-related antigen on bovine neutrophils is required for neutrophil aggregation.

Surface adhesion molecules present on human leukocytes are known to regulate certain adhesion-related events, such as adhesion to endothelium, extravasation, and aggregation. We have used a mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody designated 60.3 (MAb 60.3) and indirect immunofluorescence technique to identify an antigen on bovine neutrophils (PMNs). MAb 60.3 bound to resting and stimulated bovine PMN in a surface-oriented pattern. Immunofluorescence flow cytometric analysis indicated that wanning the PMNs from 4‡C to 37‡C slightly increased (13.9%) expression of the antigen recognized by MAb 60.3. Zymosan-activated serum (ZAS, 10%) increased antigen expression by 12.4% over those PMNs in buffer alone, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 100 ng/ml) by 65.6%. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1Μg/ml) fromE. coli 0111:B4 did not enhance antigen expression. The functional nature of this antigen was demonstrated by use of MAb 60.3 and PMN aggregation. Preincubation of bovine PMN with MAb 60.3 for 10 min resulted in nearly complete inhibition of PMN-PMN aggregation upon subsequent stimulation with PMA (100 ng/ml); preincubation with a control antibody did not inhibit aggregation. These results indicate that bovine PMNs possess surface molecule(s) that may function in adhesion-related events, and surface expression may be enhanced by PMN stimulation.
Absolute counting efficiency for solid state nuclear track detectors used in photofission measurements

Abstract The energy dependent counting efficiency for solid state nuclear track detectors has been determined for use in measuring the photofission cross section of U-238 and Th-232. The photons used to initiate the fission events ranged in energy from 4 to 11 MeV. The system consisted of a 0.25 mm thick sheet of Lexan Polycarbonate placed behind a thick metal foil. Phenomena considered were the anisotropic nature of photofission, the effective range of the fission fragment and the critical angle of fragment trajectories at which observable tracks can be formed. The efficiencies calculated depend on published data of the energy dependent angular distributions of the fission fragments for each nuclide.
Continuum Tamm-Dancoff approximation calculations for the escape widths of the isobaric analog state and Gamow-Teller resonance in 208Bi.

The proton escape widths of the isobaric analog state and the Gamow-Teller resonance in {sup 208}Bi are calculated by solving the charge-exchange continuum Tamm-Dancoff equations. For the Gamow-Teller resonance the spreading contribution to the width is taken into account by the imaginary part of the optical potential. The calculated escape widths are in agreement with measurements obtained from a recent {sup 208}Pb({sup 3}He,{ital tp}){sup 208}Bi experiment.
A highly restricted homocytotropic antibody produced by strain 13 guinea pigs stimulated with a hapten-conjugated self protein☆

Abstract Strain 13 guinea pigs were immunized with DNP 9 GPA or DNP 70 KLH in complete Freund's adjuvant. Each of the antigens stimulated significant anti-hapten antibody within 2 weeks but 35 to 42 days were necessary for the anti-hapten levels to approach a maximum and plateau. When both the hapten-specific and non-hapten specific responses to DNP 9 GPA were compared, the kinetics were found to differ. The non-hapten specific response appears to preceed the hapten-specific response. It peaks on approximately Day 21 and is then actively or passively shut off. By Day 72 the non-hapten specific antibody level is less than 25% of its earlier maximum. In comparison with this, the anti-hapten antibody is not only at its maximum level on Day 72 but remains elevated for several months. It is composed mainly of IgG2. In contrast, the non-hapten specific antibody is, according to isoelectric focusing, very homogeneous IgG1. Thus, guinea pigs stimulated with DNP 9 GPA in CFA produce two distinct types of antibody responses to closely associated areas of the same molecule. These responses may be under separate regulatory controls. Most remarkable, the non-hapten specific antibody produced to this hapten conjugated self-protein is virtually all homocytotropic antibody which has a very limited charge heterogeneity.
Hedgehog Signaling in Murine Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis

Vasculogenesis-the formation of blood vessels de novo from endothelial cells-and angiogenesis-the process of blood vessel remodeling-are regulated by a number of signal transduction pathways, some specific to the vascular system and others used more broadly during embryogenesis. Recent evidence in both zebrafish and mouse suggests a role for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Hh signaling can target endothelial cells directly or can stimulate blood vessel support cells to produce vascular growth factors. Current studies are aimed at determining how the Hh cascade interacts with the other signaling pathways to promote vessel differentiation.
A Fundamental Theory of High Power Thyratrons for High Power Laser and Beam Applications. III. The Production of Radiation

Abstract : The radiation characteristics of a high-current hydrogen thyratron plasma have been modeled in order to study this aspect of the physics of the conductive phase of thyratron operation. The intensities and radiative energy efficients of the atomic and molecular systems have been calculated in detail. A model is developed that is useful for studies of photoemission. For discharge parameters T approx. equal to 1 eV, ionization fraction of approx. 0.01 and background density of 10 to the 16th power cm-3, the total power of the emitted radiation is estimated to be of the order of 5% of the total input power during the conductive phase. Originator-supplied key words include: High power lasers, Thyratrons, Photoemission, Mathematical models, Electromagnetic radiation, and Plasmas(Physics).
Suppression of bacterially-induced hypersensitive reaction and phytoalexin accumulation in bean by phaseotoxin

PHASEOTOXIN is a trivial name given to an exotoxin produced by Pseudomonas phaseolicola, which causes halo blight of beans1. Although the mechanism of chlorosis induction in susceptible hosts is unknown, evidence indicates that chlorosis is casually related to inhibition of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT; EC 2.1.3.3) by phaseotoxin, a potent and specific inhibitor of the enzyme2. Phaseotoxin may also be involved in the host specificity of the pathogen. We previously reported that in infected resistant bean plants (but not in infected susceptible ones) phaseotoxin production is suppressed in spite of substantial bacterial multiplication3. Further, in resistant beans treated with phaseotoxin, a larger number of bacteria are found than in non-treated plants4. These observations indicate that phaseotoxin may suppress the hypersensitive reaction (HR) in resistant hosts. The object of this study was to investigate whether pretreatment of resistant cultivars of bean with phaseotoxin suppresses the HR response of the host and phytoalexin accumulation on subsequent inoculation with P. phaseolicola, and our results seem to support this.
Flow properties of low-pulp concentrated orange juice: effect of temperature and concentration.

Three 65° Brix low-pulp concentrated orange juice (COJ) samples, between −19 and 30°C were shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) fluids with negligible magnitudes of yield stress. The simple power law model fit welt the shear rate-shear stress data. For one sample, the Powell-Eyring model also described the data well. The Arrhenius model described the effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity and the consistency index of the power law model. The activation energy of flow (Ea) was 10.7 ± 0.2 kcal/g mole. The models of Harper and El Sahrigi and Christiansen and Craig were suitable for describing the combined effect of temperature and shear rate. The magnitude of Ea decreased with decrease in concentration. Apparent viscosity and K increased exponeitially with concentration.
Villains, Victims, and Conservationists? Representational Frameworks and Sustainable Development on the Transamazon Highway

Literature on conservation and land reform politics concentrates on how local actors are characterized dualistically as either environmental villains or heroes. Here I present three different frames as exemplary of the multiple narratives at stake as actors create environmental subjectivities in relation to political opportunity, based primarily on ethnographic field research in a case study of Projects for Sustainable Development (PDSs) located in the Transamazon highway region of the Brazilian Amazon. I argue that local identities are mediated by their shifting relationships with other interested actors. Through a historical analysis of different frames of identity and land use, I examine how and why representation struggles occurred and shifted, based upon the ways in which powerful actors took advantage of political opportunities. This led to indeterminate outcomes in different local struggles across the region. In the process, local voices were often undermined in favor of interests of more powerful outsiders. The political process through which such struggles occur yield geographically and socially uneven effects contingent upon key events and contestation from disparate groups.
Influence of constant and fluctuating salinity on responses of Mysidopsis bahia exposed to cadmium in a life-cycle test

Abstract Two 28-day, life-cycle tests were conducted to evaluate effects of constant and fluctuating salinities on chronic toxicity of cadmium to Mysidopsis bahia at 27°C. Salinities of 10 to 32%. and cadmium concentrations of 1 to 9 μg l were examined. Estimated median tolerance concentrations at day 28 ranged from 4.8 to 6.3 μg Cd l over the salinity range of 13 to 29%.. Size and fecundity of exposed and unexposed females were predicted to be comparable when cadmium was ⩽5.0 μg Cd l and salinities ⩾ 20%. and at concentrations of less than 5 μg l at lower salinities. At higher cadmium levels both responses were impaired regardless of salinity. Reproduction in control treatments was an order of magnitude lower in low (10 and 13%.) as compared to high (21, 29, 32%.) salinity treatments. This effect of salinity on reproduction was not moderated by periodic exposure to higher, more suitable salinities. Survival, growth and reproduction were not impacted by addition of 5 μg Cd l under fluctuating salinity conditions. The no-effect concentration is 4–5 μg Cd l regardless of salinity. Changes in survival, growth and reproduction observed are consistent with the principal distribution of M. bahia in estuaries relative to salinity. Comparison of these data with previously reported acute responses suggests that the acute water quality criterion for cadmium should be salinity-dependent whereas the chronic criterion need not be.
Effects of prepartum milking on postpartum reproduction, udder health and production performance in first-calf dairy heifers.

Postpartum production performance of dairy heifers may be enhanced by prepartum milking by alleviating the stress of the periparturient period. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of prepartum milking of dairy heifers on postpartum reproduction, udder health, milk production and other associated production characteristics. Pregnant heifers (Holstein, n=21; Jersey n=10) were assigned to either a prepartum milked (premilked, n=15) or control (n=16) group. Premilked heifers were milked twice daily starting 3 weeks prior to anticipated calving dates, and milk yield recorded at each milking. All heifers were evaluated on days 21, 14 and 7 before calving, and udder oedema scores and milk conductivity readings were recorded. Following calving, measurements were taken twice weekly to assess udder oedema, milk conductivity (indicative of udder infection), and reproductive health, which included palpation for uterine tone and uterine position, vaginal electrical impedance (VEI) and the quantification of cross-sectional area of the uterine horns (uterine difference) by transrectal ultrasonography. Uterine tone, uterine position, uterine difference, and VEI did not differ (P>0·10) with treatment. Overall, up to week six inclusive, postpartum premilked heifers had lower (P<0·01) udder oedema scores than control heifers and up to week five inclusive, had lower (P<0·01) milk conductivity readings (indicative of fewer incidences of udder infections) than control heifers. The premilked heifers of both breeds produced more milk (P<0·01) at calving and more milk overall from calving to day 60 postpartum than the control heifers. In summary, udder health and milk production were improved post calving in premilked heifers compared with controls. However, no overt differences in reproductive characteristics were observed between the premilked and control heifers.
Performance of a four-channel polarimeter with very low light level detection

ABSTRACT We examine the low light level performance of a four-channel polarimeter with a single photon counting sensor associated with each channel. Specifically, we investigate how the detectionnoise propagates through the polarimeter calibration matrix and influences the estimation of I and 12, the intensities in two orthogonal polarization states and, 8, the phase delay betweenthe two orthogonal states. The error in estimating the phase delay is first derived in the smallangle approximation for low light levels. The approximation is removed by deriving a general formalism valid for arbitrary light levels including very low light levels. A specific polarimeterdesign is examined and quantitative examples are shown and discussed for that polarimeter.Keywords: polarized light , polarimetry, Mueller calculus, statistical optics. 1 INTRODUCTION The polarization properties of light can be completely described by the four Stokes polarization parameters.1 Polarizing elements can be represented as a 4 x 4 matrix operator that operateson the Stokes vector. A matrix of this type is called a Mueller matrix. Any optical device thatchanges the polarization state can be represented as a Mueller matrix .
Phase dependent conductance of superconducting point contacts at microwave frequencies

Measurements of the microwave impedence of superconducting point contacts as a function of the phase difference o yields a conductance of the form G(o) = G0(1 + α cos o) which can be interpreted in terms of a relaxation time of the order parameter.
AUTHORSHIP, THE BRONTËS, AND FRASER’S MAGAZINE : “COMING FORWARD” AS AN AUTHOR IN EARLY VICTORIAN ENGLAND

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF ITS FIRST EDITOR, William Maginn, Fraser’s Magazine purveyed popular images of literary life in the 1830s through its Gallery of Illustrious Literary Characters — Daniel Maclise’s engravings of contemporary literary figures accompanied by Maginn’s irreverent textual commentary — and through humorous depictions of the supposed staff meetings of “The Fraserians” themselves (figure 1), whom Miriam Thrall described as “care-free scholars, who laughed so heartily, and drank so deeply, and wrote so vehemently around their famous editorial table” (16). Composed by Maginn in imitation of Blackwood’s wildly successful Noctes Ambrosianae, which he had helped to write prior to the founding of Fraser’s in 1830, these imaginary meetings of London literati present a comic conception of authorship as a clubby activity, rebelliously bohemian and exclusively male. Patrick Leary’s 1994 essay on the actual management of Fraser’s as a literary business demonstrates just how inaccurate these highly fictitious accounts were and thereby contributes significantly to our understanding of the history of authorship in the 1830s. But if we are examining the influence Fraser’s had on its contemporary readers, then the facts of literary life which Leary discovers “beyond the imagery” of the magazine may be less important than the fictions which such representations of authorship communicated (107).
The Search for the `Invisible' Pedagogy

The `invisible' pedagogy is the name given by Bernstein to that which may be practised in pre-schools and infants' schools. An examination of the `invisible' pedagogy and its supposed origins in a ...
The Separation of Metals from Treated Deep-Sea Ferromanganese Nodules by Adsorptive Bubble Techniques Using Salicylaldoxime and Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate as Organic Precipitating Reagents

Abstract An adsorptive bubble technique, using two organic precipitating reagents, is applied to separate cobalt, copper, nickel, and manganese from the leach liquors of sulfated deep-sea ferromanganese nodules. Recoveries of the four metal values are studied as a function of pH for each system. The organic precipitating reagents studied are salicylaldoxime and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate.
Kinetics of phase boundaries with edges and junctions in a three-dimensional multi-phase body

The propagation of phase boundaries that intersect other phase boundaries at junctions and physical boundaries at edges in a three-dimensional multi-phase body is examined. The driving forces that govern the propagation of these phase boundaries, edges and junctions are calculated, and kinetic relations consistent with the second law of thermodynamics are proposed. This work extends the two-dimensional situation discussed previously (Simha, N.K., Bhattacharya, K., 1998. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 46, 2323–2359).
Isoform-Selective Physical Coupling of TRPC3 Channels to IP3 Receptors in Smooth Muscle Cells Regulates Arterial Contractility

Rationale: Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 )-induced vasoconstriction can occur independently of intracellular Ca 2+ release and via IP 3 receptor (IP 3 R) and canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel activation, but functional signaling mechanisms mediating this effect are unclear. Objectives: Study mechanisms by which IP 3 Rs stimulate TRPC channels in myocytes of resistance-size cerebral arteries. Methods and Results: Immunofluorescence resonance energy transfer (immuno-FRET) microscopy using isoform-selective antibodies indicated that endogenous type 1 IP 3 Rs (IP 3 R1) are in close spatial proximity to TRPC3, but distant from TRPC6 or TRPM4 channels in arterial myocytes. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a phospholipase C–coupled receptor agonist, elevated immuno-FRET between IP 3 R1 and TRPC3, but not between IP 3 R1 and TRPC6 or TRPM4. TRPC3, but not TRPC6, coimmunoprecipitated with IP 3 R1. TRPC3 and TRPC6 antibodies selectively inhibited recombinant channels, but only the TRPC3 antibody blocked IP 3 -induced nonselective cation current ( I Cat ) in myocytes. TRPC3 knockdown attenuated immuno-FRET between IP 3 R1 and TRPC3, IP 3 -induced I Cat activation, and ET-1 and IP 3 -induced vasoconstriction, whereas TRPC6 channel knockdown had no effect. ET-1 did not alter total or plasma membrane-localized TRPC3, as determined using surface biotinylation. RT-PCR demonstrated that C-terminal calmodulin and IP 3 R binding (CIRB) domains are present in myocyte TRPC3 and TRPC6 channels. A peptide corresponding to the IP 3 R N-terminal region that can interact with TRPC channels activated I Cat . A TRPC3 CIRB domain peptide attenuated IP 3 - and ET-1–induced I Cat activation and vasoconstriction. Conclusions: IP 3 stimulates direct coupling between IP 3 R1 and membrane-resident TRPC3 channels in arterial myocytes, leading to I Cat activation and vasoconstriction. Close spatial proximity between IP 3 R1 and TRPC3 establishes this isoform-selective functional interaction.