cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical and isotopic investigation of warm springs associated with normal faults in Utah

Abstract Thermal springs associated with normal faults in Utah have been analyzed for major cations and anions, and oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. Springs with measured temperatures averaging greater than 40°C are characterized by Na + K- and SO 4 + Cl-rich waters containing 10 3 to 10 4 mg/l of dissolved solids. Lower temperature springs, averaging less than 40°C, are more enriched in Ca + Mg relative to Na + K. Chemical variations monitored through time in selected thermal springs are probably produced by mixing with non-thermal waters. During the summer months at times of maximum flow, selected hot springs exhibit their highest temperatures and maximum enrichments in most chemical constituents. Cation ratios and silica concentrations remain relatively constant through time for selected Utah thermal springs assuring the applicability of the geothermometer calculations regardless of the time of year. Geothermometer calculations utilizing either the quartz (no steam loss), chalcedony or Mg-corrected Na/K/Ca methods indicate that most thermal springs in Utah associated with normal faults have subsurface temperatures in the range of 25 to less than 120°C. This temperature range suggests fluid circulation is restricted to depths less than about three kilometers assuming an average thermal gradient of about 40°C/km. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that most thermal springs are oversaturated with respect to calcite, quartz, pyrophyllite, (Fe, Mg)-montmorillonite, microcline and hematite, and undersaturated with respect to anhydrite, gypsum, fluorite and anorthite. Chalcedony and cristobalite appear to be the only phases consistently at or near saturation in most waters. Theoretical evaluation of mixing on mineral saturation trends indicates that anhydrite and calcite become increasingly more undersaturated as cold, dilute groundwater mixes with a hot (150°C), NaCl-rich fluid. The evolution of these thermal waters issuing from faults appears to be one involving the dissolution of silicates such as feldspars and micas by CO 2 -enriched groundwaters that become more reactive with increasing temperature and/or time. Solution compositions plotted on mineral equilibrium diagrams trend from product phases such as kaolinite or montmorillonite toward reactant phases dominated by alkali feldspars. Isotopic compositions indicate that these springs are of local surface origin, either meteoric (low TDS, 5000 mg/ l ). Deviations from the meteoric water line are the result of rock-water isotopic exchange, mixing or evaporation. Fluid source regions and residence times of selected thermal spring systems (Red Hill, Thermo) have been evaluated through the use of a σ D-contour map of central and western Utah. Ages for waters in these areas range from about 13 years to over 500 years. These estimates are comparable to those made for low-temperature hydrothermal systems in Iceland.
GROUP COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM-SOLVING EFFECTIVENESS: AN INVESTIGATION OF GROUP PHASES

The present study sought to determine whether “successful” problem-solving groups can be distinguished from “unsuccessful” problem-solving groups on the basis of the phases that characterize their problem-solving discussion. The results, while based on a limited sample of nine groups, provide strong evidence to indicate that no single uniform sequence of phases is necessarily associated with either “successful” or “un-successful” group problem-solving. Rather, the study found that both “successful” and “unsuccessful” groups take their own unique “paths” to solving their problems, perhaps depending on the conditions and circumstances present at critical points in the problem-solving process. Interestingly, however, while the study discovered that there are several different sequences of phases associated with both “successful” and “unsuccessful” group problem-solving, a comparison of those different sequences revealed one general difference. Specifically, it was discovered that “successful” groups tend to begin their discussion by attempting to analyze the problem before attempting to search for a viable solution to it, while “unsuccessful” groups tend to begin the discussion by immediately attempting to search for a viable solution to the problem before attempting to analyze the problem.
Nonprogression of subclinical beta-cell dysfunction among first-degree relatives of IDDM patients. 5-yr follow-up of the Seattle Family Study.

It is unknown among first-degree relatives of individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) whether the disease process occurs in relatively few but always progresses to clinical IDDM or whether subclinical disease is more common but remains nonprogressive in many cases. Islet cell antibodies (ICAs) were found in 21 of 724 (2.9%) first-degree relatives during screening in the greater Seattle area between 1983 and 1988. Measures of β-cell function (glucose disappearance rate [K g ], fasting insulin, acute insulin response to intravenous arginine [AIR arg ]. acute insulin response to intravenous glucose [AIR gluc ], slope of glucose potentiation of AIR arg ) and insulin sensitivity were obtained. Twenty individuals, 9 ICA + relatives and 11 ICA − relatives, were evaluated prospectively. When expressed in relation to the expected AIR gluc based on each subject9s sensitivity index, AIR gluc in 18 of 20 relatives fell below 100%, indicating inappropriately low insulin secretion (subclinical β-cell dysfunction). After a median follow-up of 42 mo, 10 of 11 ICA − relatives remained ICA − . None showed deteriorating β-cell dysfunction, and none developed diabetes. Five ICA + relatives showed persistent immunologie positivity. β-Cell function remained remarkably stable in all except 2 relatives. One was a 15-yr-old boy who developed IDDM shortly after screening and before evaluation of β-cell function could be carried out. The other was an 18-yr-old monozygotic twin who developed IDDM after 27 mo. Both of these individuals had ICAs of 80 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation U and had been discordant for 10 yr at entry into the study. These data suggest that, although the persistent presence of ICAs is sometimes associated with deteriorating β-cell function, this is not invariable. Subclinical and nonprogressive β-cell dysfunction and fluctuation in ICA status can occur among first-degree relatives of individuals with IDDM. These data suggest that the disease process of IDDM encompasses a wide spectrum—relatively few people show the full-blown disease (clinical IDDM), whereas many more may have nonprogressive subclinical β-cell dysfunction.
Partial synchrony in soybean cell suspension cultures induced by ethylene

Abstract Partial synchrony of cell division in continuous cultures of soybean cell suspensions was obtained by flushing the cultures with ethylene at intervals of 36 h. The most pronounced synchrony resulted from flushing the suspensions with 3% ethylene for 3 h, followed immediately by 3% CO 2 for 3 h and 30 h aeration prior to the next ethylene treatment. Soybean cells responded to this regime of gassing also with a significant enhancement of growth.
Comparison of rates and degrees of isoleucine epimerization in dipeptides and tripeptides

Abstract The degrees and rates of isoleucine epimerization in heating experiments with pure di- and tripeptides are dependent on: (1) the position of isoleucine in the peptide chain; (2) the formation from dipeptides of diketopiperazines, cyclic intermediates that are in equilbrium with, and hydrolyze to, both the parent and inverted dipeptides as follows: NH 2 -terminal⇌diketopiperazine⇌COOH-terminal. The results of heating experiments show that isoleucine residues in diketopiperazine are the most highly epimerized form in both di- and tripeptide solutions. NH 2 -terminal isoleucine also undergoes relatively rapid epimerization, while the rates of epimerization of COOH-terminal and free isoleucine are much slower. Through hydrolysis reactions, high degrees of isoleucine epimerization are transferred to slower epimerizing species. Consequently, the relative rate of isoleucine epimerization in the various positions differs from the relative degree of epimerization. The relative rates of isoleucine epimerization are: NH 2 ⩾ diketopiperazine ⪢ COOH ≈ interior ≈ free, while the relative degrees of isoleucine epimerization are: diketopiperazine > NH 2 > COOH ⪢ interior. The high degree of epimerization exhibited by COOH-terminal isoleucine in fossil dipeptides is due to prior preferential epimerization in diketopiperazine. The high degree of epimerization of free isoleucine in carbonate fossils is due to the hydrolysis of highly epimerized terminal isoleucine. These results are applicable to peptides both in fossil shells and in aqueous solutions and form the basis for a revised model of isoleucine epimerization in fossil shells.
New reagents for enhanced liquid chromatographic separation and charging of intact protein ions for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Electrospray ionization produces multiply charged ions, thereby lowering the mass-to-charge ratio for peptides and small proteins to a range readily accessed by quadrupole ion trap, orbitrap, and ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) mass analyzers (m/z = 400−2000). For Fourier transform mass analyzers (orbitrap and ICR), higher charge also improves signal-to-noise ratio, mass resolution, and mass accuracy. Addition of m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA) or sulfolane has previously been shown to increase the charge states of proteins. Moreover, polar aprotic dimethylformamide (DMF) improves chromatographic separation of proteolytic peptides for mass analysis of solution-phase protein hydrogen/deuterium exchange for improved (78−96%) sequence coverage. Here, we show that addition of each of the various modifiers (DMF, thiodiglycol, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and N-methylpyrrolidone) can significantly increase the charge states of proteins up to 78 kDa. Moreover, incorporation of the same modifiers into revers...
Big data opportunities and challenges for IR, text mining and NLP

Big Data poses challenges for text analysis and natural language processing due to its characteristics of volume, veracity, and velocity of the data. The sheer volume in terms of numbers of documents challenges traditional local repository and index systems for large-scale analysis and mining. Computation, storage and data representation must work together to provide rapid access, search, and mining of the deep knowledge in the large text collection. Text under copyright poses additional barriers to computational access, where analysis has to be separated from human consumption of the original text. Data preprocessing, in most cases, remains a daunting task for big textual data particularly data veracity is questionable due to age of original materials. Data velocity is rate of change of the data but can also be the rate at which changes and corrections are made.The HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC) provides new opportunities for IR, NLP and text mining research. HTRC is the research arm of HathiTrust, a consortium that stewards the digital library of content from research libraries around the country. With close to 11 million volumes in HathiTrust collection, HTRC aims to provide large-scale computational access and analytics to these text resources.With the goal of facilitating scholar's work, HTRC establishes a cyberinfrastructure of software, staff, and services to assist researchers and developers more easily process and mine large scale textual data effectively and efficiently. The primary users of HTRC are digital humanities, informatics, and librarians. They are of different research backgrounds and expertise and thus a variety of tools are made available to them.In the HTRC model of computing, computation moves to the data, and services grow up around the corpus to serve the research community. In this manner, the architecture is cloud-based. Moving algorithms to the data is important because the copyrighted content must be protected, however, a side benefit is that the paradigm frees scholars from worrying about managing a large corpus of data.The text analytics currently supported in HTRC is the SEASR suite of analytical algorithms (www.seasr.org). SEASR algorithms, which are written as workflows, include entity extraction, tag cloud, topic modeling, NaiveBayes, Date Entities to Similie Timeline.In this talk, I introduce the collections, architecture, and text analytics of HTRC, with a focus on the challenges of a BigData corpus and what that means for data storage, access, and large-scale computation.HTRC is building a user community to better understand and support researcher needs. It opens many exciting possibilities for the NLP, text mining, IR types of research: with so large an amount of textual data and many candidate algorithms, with support for researcher contributed algorithms, many interesting research questions emerge and many interesting results are to follow.
Gas pase detonations: Recent developments

This review is intended to be exhaustive and at the same time modern in its approach. While it was intended to cover all recent work on gas phase detonations the review also emphasizes the newer quantitative approach to the study of detonation structure, in which concepts from the field of reactive gas dynamics are extensively applied to all phases of detonation research. In the reviewer's opinion two major conclusions may be drawn from the recent results. These are: (1) the Chapman Jouguet criterion is at present unjustifiable (even though it is still useful for estimating global effects), and (2) virtually all extant detonation problems may be handled with the assumption that the flow is locally non-steady and contains infinitely thin unreactive shock discontinuities followed by inviscid reactive flow regimes.
Cyber attacks on power system state estimation through topology errors

The exposure of SCADA network infrastructure to cyber threats has increased enormously due to increased interconnectivity of SCADA and public network infrastructures. The number and complexity of cyber attacks on key power system operational functions like Automatic Generation Control (AGC), State Estimation (SE), and Energy Management Systems (EMS) are increasing everyday. This paper discusses the effect of intentional topology errors created on the power system state estimation function through cyber attacks. The paper provides a method by which an unobservable topology error can be created through a cyber attack. Also, it describes the impact of such an unobservable attack through System Operating Limit (SOL) violations using the IEEE 14 bus power system model.
Both tilt and misalignment are manifestations of angular induction

With a Poggendorff configuration one sees two obliques as being misaligned, and with a Judd configuration one sees them as having different tilts, i.e., as being misoriented. It has been suggested that these are separate illusory effects. I submit, however, that one can see misorientation in the double Poggendorff and misalignment with a Judd-like configuration. It seems likely that both perceptual effects are manifestations of the same process.
Spatial variations in a hybrid field-effect liquid crystal light valve

Spatial sensitometry variations in a liquid crystal light valve are studied as well as signal induced noise and differences in global and local contrast ratio. The device's off state is investigated and spatial variations in the thickness of the LC layer are used to quantify the results obtained. Operation with low frequency applied ac voltages appears preferable from noise considerations, whereas operation at high frequency appears preferable for improved uniformity.
SUPPORTING COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD TEACHER EDUCATION

(2000). SUPPORTING COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD TEACHER EDUCATION. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 385-396.
A Comparison Between The NORCAT Rover Test Results and the ISRU Excavation System Model Predictions Results

An Excavation System Model has been written to simulate the collection and transportation of regolith on the moon. The calculations in this model include an estimation of the forces on the digging tool as a result of excavation into the regolith. Verification testing has been performed and the forces recorded from this testing were compared to the calculated theoretical data. The Northern Centre for Advanced Technology Inc. rovers were tested at the NASA Glenn Research Center Simulated Lunar Operations facility. This testing was in support of the In-Situ Resource Utilization program Innovative Partnership Program. Testing occurred in soils developed at the Glenn Research Center which are a mixture of different types of sands and whose soil properties have been well characterized. This testing is part of an ongoing correlation of actual field test data to the blade forces calculated by the Excavation System Model. The results from this series of tests compared reasonably with the predicted values from the code.
MODIFICATION OF GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSES BY REACTION TIME MEASUREMENTS

Galvanic skin responses (GSRs) were measured on 12 male Ss under four conditions: rest, reaction time measurements, a cold pressor, and a combination of cold pressor and reaction time measurements. Both reaction time measurements alone and cold pressor alone caused increased sympathetic activity, but when the former was combined with cold pressor the ongoing autonomic activity was depressed.
New light on numerical boundary conditions

We have made video films showing how the (computational) solution evolves to the steady state in a t w ~ dimensional airfoil problem. The video reveals very clearly that the path to convergence follows a simple, well-defined, repetitive pattern that begins almost immediately and is characterised by the passage of acoustic waves between the inner and outer boundaries. A perfect correlation is maintained between the timing of these waves, and a conventional residual history. We have conducted work aimed at preventing the regeneration of residuals by attenuating these continued reflections at the solid surface, by using a more general boundary condition which should coincide with the rigid wall BC in the steady limit. By analogy to the mass-less spring-damper system, it is shown that this acts as a soft wall boundary condition. There are two parameters which we optimize with the intention of minimizing reflected disturbances. The parameters are chosen based on a model problem of linear onedimensional acoustics, in the quarter-plane t >O , z <O. To check how these work at the discrete level, results of numerical experiments are presented, which agree with exact calculations quantitatively in the linear code, and qualitatively in the non-linear code. When applied to the calculation of two-dimensional lifting flows, we find CPU time can be reduced by more than 40%.
Salmonella typhimurium transcytoses flagellin via an SPI2-mediated vesicular transport pathway

Apical colonization of polarized epithelia by Salmonella typhimurium results in translocation of flagellin to the basolateral membrane domain, thus enabling activation of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-mediated pro-inflammatory gene expression. Such flagellin transcytosis occurred without a change in epithelial permeability to 40 kDa FITC dextran, did not require bacterial motility and was independent of transepithelial movement of intact bacteria. Flagellin transcytosis was blocked at 20°C, suggesting dependence on vesicular transport consistent with results from confocal microscopy that showed flagellin independent of bacteria inside epithelial cells. Furthermore, vesicles isolated from S. typhimurium-infected epithelia were highly enriched in flagellin. Flagellin transcytosis was dependent upon genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-2, which alter vesicular trafficking, but independent of SPI-1 that mediates bacterial invasion. Furthermore, such SPI-2 mutants were unable to mediate the localization of flagellin into intracellular vesicles consistent with flagellin transcytosis mediated by a S. typhimurium take-over of host vesicle trafficking pathways. As a result of their inability to transcytose flagellin, apical colonization by SPI-2 mutants induced substantially less epithelial IL-8 secretion than wild-type strains suggesting that such SPI-2 mediated transcytosis of flagellin plays a role in the pathogenesis of the mucosal inflammation characteristic of human Salmonellosis.
Impact of Support Plate Flow Jets on Rod Vibration for Inlet Flow Region

An experimental investigation was performed to compare the axial velocity profiles occurring downstream of the inlet nozzle region of nuclear PWR fuel assemblies for two bottom nozzle designs. Axial velocities were measured in a 3.763:1 over-scale air test section simulating a 6×6 rod array of the inlet nozzle region and first grid span. The measurements were taken in multiple planes at 23 positions to map the velocity in both rod gaps and subchannels. Pressure drop measurements were also taken at selected axial elevations. The two bottom nozzle designs were tested to study how each nozzle impacts the dissipation of the lower support flow hole jet velocity downstream of the bottom nozzle. The nozzle designs included a standard round-hole flow plate and a slotted flow plate. The velocity profile results with these bottom nozzle flow plate designs are of particular interest since these bottom nozzle designs had previously been used in full scale out-of-pile water flow tests with contrasting results on wear at the first grid elevation. There were no rods with fretting wear in the test with the standard round hole flow plate and ten rods with fretting wear with varying depth in the test with the slotted flow plate. The full scale flow tests were performed at reactor operating temperatures (620°F), pressures (2250 psia) and at the same test flow rate. The grid cell settings were unchanged for the two tests. Therefore, the only test variable that differed for the full scale flow tests was the bottom nozzle design. The axial velocity profile investigation provided evidence that the standard round-hole flow plate dissipated the lower support jet velocity much better than the slotted plate design. In addition, based on the air test results, the slotted plate design had the largest axial velocity gradients at the same location as the observed rod wear. Based upon this investigation, it is concluded that excessive rod vibration in this region can occur due to high axial jet velocities and steep axial velocity gradients generated from the flow holes in the lower support plate. The excessive rod vibration can lead to fuel rod wear and fuel failure.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Real-Time Characterization of the Organic Composition and Size of Individual Diesel Engine Smoke Particles

Real-time analysis of individual diesel engine exhaust particles was demonstrated using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Measurements were made on the nebulized engine oil and diesel fuel for comparison with the exhaust particle analysis. Studies were performed on individual exhaust particles to determine composition as a function of aerodynamic size. MS/MS analysis positively identified low-mass PAHs as well as indicated the presence of high mass hydrogenated PAHs (HPAHs). The degree of PAH hydrogenation was found to be mass dependent. The origin of the HPAHs seems to be the diesel fuel. However, the HPAHs underwent some degree of oxidation during the combustion process on average. Indicators were found that might be used to determine combustion efficiency. The capability of the technique for on-line measurement of combustion processes was demonstrated.
The Near-Infrared Spectrum of the Planetary Nebula IC 5117

Infrared spectroscopy from 0.8 to 2.5 μm is presented for the planetary nebula IC 5117. The emission lines of IC 5117 span a wide range of ionization that includes He II, [S III], [S II], [N I], and H2. The reddening measured from the hydrogen lines is E(B-V) = 0.79, most of which is probably interstellar in origin. The He/H abundance ratio is 0.113 ± 0.015, with approximately 10% of the helium being doubly ionized. Using our measurements of [S II] and [S III] lines and published observations of [S IV], we find a sulfur abundance, relative to hydrogen, of N(S)/N(H) = 7.8 × 10-6, or approximately half the solar value. Fluxes and flux limits for several lines of molecular hydrogen are presented. Measurements of 1–0 transitions, together with the limits on 2–1 transitions, indicate Tvib ~ Trot = 1900 K, suggesting a purely collisional excitation mechanism. The ortho-to-para ratio is ~3, a value that is also indicative of collisional excitation. The presence of [C I] λ9850 is consistent with previous studies of IC 5117 that indicated carbon is more abundant than oxygen. IC 5117 follows the trend of planetary nebulae that display bipolar outflows and H2 emission to be carbon-rich. We confirm the results of Zhang & Kwok, who reported infrared continuum emission substantially in excess of that produced by the ionized gas. This emission is most likely due to hot dust (T ~ 1300 K) and accounts for roughly half of the continuum between 1.5 and 2 μm.
Tacrine a cause of fatal hepatotoxicity

Tacrine, an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, often causes reversible abnormalities in liver enzymes, but significant hepatotoxicity is uncommon. We describe fatal hepatic failure associated with tacrine administration. A 75-year-old woman with Alzheimer's disease, taking tacrine for 14 months, developed progressive jaundice. Liver function abnormalities developed during tacrine treatment and led to hepatic failure and death. An extensive evaluation for other etiologies of liver disease was negative. Other potentially hepatotoxic medicines had been administered for at least 2 years before beginning tacrine, and postmortem examination of the liver was consistent with drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Approximately half the patients treated with tacrine have liver enzyme abnormalities develop, primarily in the first 12 weeks of therapy, that resolve with discontinuation of drug or dosage adjustment. Our case of tacrine-associated hepatotoxicity 14 months after the initiation of treatment despite regular biochemical evaluation suggests the potential for delayed and fatal hepatotoxicity with tacrine.
Directions in paleoseismology

Paleoseismology is a new, rapidly evolving Earth science discipline that deals with the study of prehistoric earthquakes. It is a hybrid discipline that relies o n techniques and skills from many different Earth science specialities. Paleoseismology has provided new insight into the long-term history of earthquakes on individual faults, thereby reducing our dependence on the short, often incomplete historical record to characterize fault behavior. By increasing our understanding of the behavior of seismogenic faults, paleoseismolgy has proven to be a valuable component of national and international earthquake hazard reduction programs.
Methodological Considerations in Estimating the Gender Pay Gap for Employed Professionals

The authors address a methodological issue in estimating pay penalties to women professionals—whether the dependent variable in the pay equation should be hourly wage or earnings measured over some other period such as weeks, months, or a year. The authors analyze data on college graduates working in professional specialty occupations and on physicians, and they report two main conclusions. First, the appropriate specification of the pay equation for (employed) professionals is with ln(earnings) as the dependent variable with ln(hours) included as an independent variable. Second, the implications of using this specification for estimates of gender pay differentials are serious. In the data on professionals, respecification of the pay equation changes the estimate of the pay penalty to women from-4 6 to-7 6 percent. In the data on physicians, it changes the estimate from no penalty to a very large one, from-1 8 to-13.0percent.
A comparative computational and experimental study of chaotic mixing of viscous fluids

The objective of this work is to develop techniques to predict the results of experiments involving chaotic dispersion of passive tracers in two-dimensional low Reynolds number flows. We present the design of a flow apparatus which allows the unobstructed observation of the entire flow region. Whenever possible we compare the experimental results with those of computations. Conventional tracking of the boundaries of the tracer is inefficient and works well only for low stretches (order 102 at most). However, most mixing experiments involve extremely large perturbations from steady flow since this is where the best mixing occurs. The best prediction of widespread mixing and large stretching (order 104–105) is provided by lineal stretching plots; surprisingly the technique also works for relatively low numbers of periods (as low as 2 or 3). The second best prediction is provided by a combination of low-order unstable manifolds – which indicate where the tracer goes, especially for short times – and the eigendirections of low-order hyperbolic periodic points – which indicate the alignment of striations in the flow. On the other hand, Poincare sections provide only a gross picture of the spreading: they can be used primarily to detect what regions are inaccessible to the dye. Comparison of computations and experiments invariably reveals that bifurcations within islands have little impact in the mixing process.
High-Voltage Bridge for Measurements of Cables with Grounded Sheaths

PRECISION bridge measurements are now in use for measuring the dielectric properties of cables when the current through the dielectric can be conducted directly from the sheath to the measuring apparatus. As a rule, however, these methods cannot be applied to cable with sheaths in electrical contact with ground. There is one method in which bridge measurements are made of all system losses, with and without the test cable connected in the circuit; the difference gives presumably the power loss in the cable dielectric. This method does not give the cable electrical properties (power, power factor, and capacitance) directly, and special precaution must be taken in connecting the cable.
The copy-update multimemory

MOTIVATION. Parallel processing units will operate faster if they have private memories rather than a common memory, because common memories have conflict problems. There is a problem of making multiple individual private memories functionally conform to a common database, but that problem will be solved, so speed will be increased.
Optimized Design of Composite Materials for Heat Transport Applications

Careful design of composite materials offers a chance for engineering phonon band gaps and controlling phonon scattering. Taking advantage of this strategy, we study properties of SiC composite materials for engineering applications in which the control of thermal transport is important. In particular, knowledge of the individual contributions of phonons on thermal transport provides us the necessary information to focus on most significant phonon frequencies. In our study, we select a series of candidate model geometries and use a virtual testing method for elevated temperatures to support the design process. Integrating atomistic non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to determine thermal conductivity we provide a proof-of-concept study and deliver best design scenarios of SiC composite materials with very low-thermal conductivity.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Corrélation significative entre l'oxymétrie cérébrale et la pression carotidienne résiduelle au cours de l'endartériectomie carotidienne

Le peu d'informations disponibles sur une correlation entre la pression carotidienne residuelle et les variations de l'oxymetrie cerebrale associees au clampage carotidien au cours de l'endarteriectomie carotidienne (EC) nous a incites a evaluer de maniere prospective 38 EC consecutives chez 37 patients. Les auteurs ont utilise l'oxymetre cerebral INVOS-4100 pour mesurer l'oxymetrie cerebral (saturation cerebrale en oxygene) avant (t1) et apres (t2) le clampage ainsi que la pression carotidienne residuelle. Tous les patients ont eu une EC sous anesthesie generale avec utilisation systematique d'un shunt de Javid. Le clampage (t1 contre t2) a eu comme consequence des changements statistiquement significatifs (p
The Spatial Ventricular Gradient: Intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, Intermittent Left Bundle Branch Block and Ventricular Premature Contractions

Criteria are given for testing the ventricular gradient concept. The spatial ventricular gradient is then determined in three types of intraventricular conduction disturbances using the cube system of orthogonal bipolar leads. Correction of the isoelectric baseline for the effect of TP on the QRS and T areas is made. The spatial ventricular gradient remains essentially constant both in magnitude and direction in intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and intermittent left bundle branch block despite marked changes in body surface electrocardiograms. Ventricular premature contractions produce marked deviations in the spatial ventricular gradient. The spatial ventricular gradient merits further study as one of the fundamental quantities in electrocardiography.
Inference-based procedural modeling of solids

As virtual environments become larger and more complex, there is an increasing need for more automated construction algorithms to support the development process. We present an approach for modeling solids by combining prior examples with a simple sketch. Our algorithm uses an inference-based approach to incrementally fit patches together in a consistent fashion to define the boundary of an object. This algorithm samples and extracts surface patches from input models, and develops a Petri net structure that describes the relationship between patches along an imposed parameterization. Then, given a new parameterized line or curve, we use the Petri net to logically fit patches together in a manner consistent with the input model. This allows us to easily construct objects of varying sizes and configurations using arbitrary articulation, repetition, and interchanging of parts. The result of our process is a solid model representation of the constructed object that can be integrated into a simulation-based environment. Highlights? Our approach models solids by combining prior examples with a simple sketch. ? A Petri net guides the consistent fitting of extracted surface patches. ? Articulation, repetition, and interchanging of parts allows dynamic configuration. ? Our modeling algorithm allows for developing complex virtual environments. ? The constructed solid models are perfect for use in simulation-based applications.
Cyclic ions in the mass spectra of trimethylsilyl derivatives of substituted o‐dihydroxybenzenes

The mass spectra of trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers/methyl esters of phenolic acids containing o-dihydroxybenzene groups have base peaks at [M−119]+ instead of the usual [M−15]+ and [M−31]+ that are characteristic of TMS/methyl esters of monohydroxyphenolic acids. These ions, formed by the loss of 31+88 u from the parent ion, possess a cyclic moiety as proven by substitution of deuterium atoms for hydrogen atoms in the TMS groups of the methyl esters of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic (gallic), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic (protocatechuic) and β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propenoic (caffeic) acids. Although these cyclic ions are the base peaks in TMS-derivatized o-dihydroxyphenolic acid esters, similar ions represent intense peaks but not necessarily the base peak in other derivatized compounds such as 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 1,2-dihydroxy-3-methyl- and 1,2-dihydroxy-4-methyl-benzenes and flavan-3-ols that possess o-dihydroxybenzene groups. Compounds possession m- or p-dihydroxybenzene groups do not form these cyclic ions; therefore, this procedure for derivatization and interpretation of mass spectra is valuable for the identification of compounds containing o-dihydroxybenzene groups in complex mixtures of isomeric compounds.
A man with severe leg burns.

AbstractA 52-year-old Hispanic male was transported to the emergency department after sustaining severe bilateral lower extremity burns in an electroplating factory. His examination revealed circumferential burns to the lower extremities with spotting in the perineum. The epidermis was stained green and sloughed off with gentle pressure. The underlying dermis was white and non-blanching, consistent with a full thickness burn. His feet were partially protected by his work boots where he had small areas of pink, blanchable, partial thickness burns (). Pertinent initial studies included a lactic acid level of 3.1 mmol/L and a creatinine of 1.02 mg/dL.Fig. 1. Lower extremity of a 52-year-old Hispanic male who sustained chemical burns after exposure to a heated chromic acid mixture. The photograph was taken 1 h after exposure. The white discoloration represents a full thickness circumferential burn. The green discoloration represents staining of the epidermis by the chemical mixture.
Phosphorus Equilibrium. II: Comparing Filter Media, Models, and Leaching

AbstractPart I focused on a Freundlich model of phosphorus (P) equilibrium between AlOx-media substrates and differing aqueous matrices: runoff, wastewater, and a reproducible deionized (DI) surrogate. In contrast, Part II examines equilibrium and leaching of a wide range of media using a single DI water matrix. Media are characterized, P removal quantified, leaching is examined, and equilibrium modeled. Media of high Al (AOCMc, alumina), Fe (coated perlite), or Ca [portland concrete cement-based media (AOCMpcc)] content provided enhanced P capacity as compared to other media (tire crumb and zeolite-perlite- granular activated carbon). While zeta potential (ζ) was stable from pH 5 to 9 for each aluminum oxide coated media (AOCM) and ranged from +5 mV for AOCMc to 0 mV for AOCMpcc, ζ was largely negative for all other media and less stable for alumina and Fe-perlite. Despite enhanced capacity of media of high Al, Ca, or Fe content, metal leaching can be a concern. It was found that Al (1.09±0.02 mg/g) a...
Early androgen treatment and male and female sexual behavior in mice

Abstract To investigate the role of neonatal androgen stimulation in the development of the potential for masculine and feminine sexual behavior in the mouse, different groups of mice were hormonally manipulated early in life. One group of female mice was administered testosterone propionate (TP) within 24 hr of birth; a second group of females was given a control injection of oil on the day of birth; a third group of females received an injection of TP on the 10th day after birth. A group of males received a control injection of oil on the day of birth. All mice were gonadectomized at about 30 days of age. At 60 days of age, mice were injected with estrogen and progesterone and tested for sexual receptivity; several weeks later all mice were injected with TP and tested for male sexual behavior. Female behavior: Females given oil at birth and females given TP on the 10th day after birth showed high levels of sexual receptivity as adults following estrogen-progesterone treatment. Females given TP on the day of birth, and male mice, rarely exhibited lordosis following estrogen-progesterone treatment. Male behavior: Most mice, regardless of genetic sex or neonatal treatment, mounted in adulthood following administration of exogenous androgen. There was little difference in mounting frequency between groups, suggesting that exogenous or endogenous androgen stimulation of the neonatal mouse does not facilitate adult mounting behavior. These data for the mouse are in essential agreement with existing data for the rat, and indicate that sexual behavioral differentiation induced by androgen stimulation in infancy is best characterized as an inhibition of the potential to display feminine sexual behavior in adulthood.
Assessing body composition among 3- to 8-year-old children: anthropometry, BIA, and DXA.

EISENMANN, JOEY C., KATE A. HEELAN, AND GREGORY J. WELK. Assessing body composition among 3- to 8-year-old children: anthropometry, BIA, and DXA. Obes Res. 2004;12:1633–1640. Objective: To examine the inter-relationships of body composition variables derived from simple anthropometry [BMI and skinfolds (SFs)], bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dual energy x-ray (DXA) in young children. Research Methods and Procedures: Seventy-five children (41 girls, 34 boys) 3 to 8 years of age were assessed for body composition by the following methods: BMI, SF thickness, BIA, and DXA. DXA served as the criterion measure. Predicted percentage body fat (%BF), fat-free mass (FFM; kilograms), and fat mass (FM; kilograms) were derived from SF equations [Slaughter (SL)1 and SL2, Deurenberg (D) and Dezenberg] and BIA. Indices of truncal fatness were also determined from anthropometry. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences among the methods for %BF, FFM, and FM. All methods, except the D equation (p 0.08), significantly underestimated measured %BF (p 0.05). In general, correlations between the BMI and estimated %BF were moderate (r 0.61 to 0.75). Estimated %BF from the SL2 also showed a high correlation with DXA %BF (r 0.82). In contrast, estimated %BF derived from SFs showed a low correlation with estimated %BF derived from BIA (r 0.38); likewise, the correlation between DXA %BF and BIA %BF was low (r 0.30). Correlations among indicators of truncal fatness ranged from 0.43 to 0.98. Discussion: The results suggest that BIA has limited utility in estimating body composition, whereas BMI and SFs seem to be more useful in estimating body composition during the adiposity rebound. However, all methods significantly underestimated body fatness as determined by DXA, and, overall, the various methods and prediction equations are not interchangeable.
The Role of Serum Antibodies in the Protection against Rotavirus Disease: An Overview

A critical observation in understanding immunity to rotavirus is that children infected with wild virus or vaccinated with oral live vaccines develop a humoral immune response and are protected against severe disease upon reinfection. Nevertheless, much controversy exists as to whether these serum antibodies are directly involved in protection or merely reflect recent infection, leaving the protective role to mucosal or cell-mediated immunity or to other as-yet-undefined mechanisms. We have reviewed data from a variety of studies in humans, including challenge experiments in adult volunteers, longitudinal studies of rotavirus infection in young children, and clinical trials of animal and animal-human reassortant rotavirus vaccines in infants. These data suggest that serum antibodies, if present at critical levels, are either protective themselves or are an important and powerful correlate of protection against rotavirus disease, even though other host effectors may play an important role as well.
On deriving a locally corrected Nystrom scheme from a quadrature sampled moment method

A novel high-order method of moment procedure with quadrature point-based discretization is presented. The scheme is equivalent to a moment method employing smooth basis and testing functions applying a fixed-point numerical quadrature approximation for the outer integral. Mapping the current to the quadrature points then leads to a formulation that is equivalent to that derived via the locally corrected Nystrom method. The convergence properties of the current density and RCS for smooth and singular geometries in two and three dimensions are also studied.
Recognizing Laboratory Cross-Contamination Two False-Positive Cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis —Oklahoma, 2011

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolation from clinical specimens is the standard for TB diagnosis. Positive MTB cultures are rarely questioned, but false-positive culture rates range from 2% to 4%. In December 2011, two smear-negative, culture-positive TB cases were reported to the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) in people without TB signs or symptoms. OSDH TB control officers interviewed physicians and laboratory personnel, reviewed patient charts, traced epidemiologic links, and performed microbiologic studies to determine if these were true TB cases. Both specimens were found to have been processed on the same day, at the same laboratory, under the same hood, and by the same technician sequentially after a strongly smear-positive TB specimen. No epidemiologic links were identified among the three patients. Spoligotyping and 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit typing of the three specimens were identical. Only liquid media grew MTB in the two questionable specimens. A laboratory splash incident was suspected, whereby all three liquid media sample lids were open during inoculation rather than being opened one at a time, causing cross-contamination. Also, the two specimens were incubated for 2-3 weeks longer than standard protocol before MTB growth was observed. Patient 1 was not treated for TB because her physician doubted the culture result. Patient 2, an organ transplant recipient, began four-drug anti-TB therapy, and an investigation was initiated for transplant-associated TB. Adherence to strict laboratory techniques and recognizing the possibility of false-positive MTB cultures, especially when inconsistent with clinical data, are essential in preventing erroneous TB diagnoses.
Successful Desensitization to Oxaliplatin

OBJECTIVE:To report the successful desensitization of a patient to oxaliplatin utilizing an 8-hour desensitization regimen in a controlled environment.CASE SUMMARY:A 53-year-old white woman with metastatic colon cancer was receiving oxaliplatin, bevacizumab, and capecitabine every 2 weeks, with a partial response to therapy. On her fifth cycle of this regimen, she experienced diaphoresis, hypotension, nausea, abdominal cramping, and coryza. According to the Naranjo probability scale, oxaliplatin, and not bevacizumab, was the probable cause of the hypersensitivity reaction. The woman continued therapy with capecitabine and bevacizumab, resulting in stable disease. Due to her initial response to the oxaliplatin-based regimen, it was decided to attempt desensitization to oxaliplatin in a controlled, inpatient environment. An 8-hour desensitization schedule was employed, and the patient successfully completed an additional 3 cycles with full-dose oxaliplatin.DISCUSSION:Hypersensitivity reactions to platinum-c...