cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous penetrant diffusion as a probe of the local structure in a blend of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate)

Pulse field gradient (PFG) NMR measurements have been made to study the diffusion of diethyl ether in blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The blends have 10–30 wt % PEO, a composition range within which these materials are amorphous glasses. The diffusion of diethyl ether through the blends is quite rapid, with diffusion constants in the range of 10−7 to 10−8 cm2/s. In PFG NMR experiments, the apparent diffusion constant depends on the timescale over which diffusion is observed. The values decrease to a plateau as the time increases, this being the signature of tortuous diffusion. Tortuous diffusion is usually observed in heterogeneous systems in which there are regions that support fast diffusion and regions that support slow diffusion or act as barriers. In these blends, PEO is known to undergo rapid segmental motion typical of a rubbery state well below the glass transition, whereas the segmental motion of PMMA is slower by many orders of magnitude. Mobile PEO provides a pathway for the diffusion of structurally similar diethyl ether, whereas solid-like PMMA acts as a barrier. The size of the domains can be estimated either from a lattice model or from equations for tortuous diffusion. Micrometer sizes are indicated that are unexpectedly large, given the size of the polymer chains and the size of the concentration fluctuations, both of which are thought to be in the tens of nanometers. The lattice model and the equations for tortuous diffusion assume a random dispersion of impenetrable or less penetrable objects. This may not be the appropriate morphology for the diffusion pathway. Recently, large sizes have been indicated by PFG NMR experiments, in which a penetrant is thought to diffuse in a curvilinear fashion. In these blends, the pathway for diethyl ether is along the PEO backbone. A plot of the logarithm of the mean-square displacement versus the logarithm of time has a slope of about 0.6, close to the value of 0.5 for pure curvilinear diffusion. Exponents with values in this range can also be associated with diffusion in a fractal space, which, in this situation, still consists of mobile PEO. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1053–1067, 2004
The HuD paraneoplastic protein shares immunogenic regions between PEM/PSN patients and several strains and species of experimental animals

Patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung and paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis develop antibodies (anti-Hu) against HuD, a member of a family of neuronal specific RNA-binding proteins, which are also expressed by the tumor. In order to determine if the human HuD paraneoplastic antigen shares immunogenic regions between patients and several strains and species of animals, we immunized animals with HuD and several deletion constructs of this protein. All immunized animals developed high titers of anti-HuD antibodies, comparable to the antibody titers found in paraneoplastic patients. Using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of human and mouse cerebral cortex, the pattern of reactivity of these antibodies could not be differentiated from the human paraneoplastic anti-Hu antibodies. None of the immunized animals developed neurologic symptoms. Western blot analysis of HuD deletion constructs demonstrated that the first and second RNA binding domains were the main immunodominant regions, and that the animal immune response was both strain and species dependent.
Surfaces in computer aided geometric design: a survey with new results

'Surfaces in Computer Aided Geometric Design' focuses on the representation and design of surfaces in a computer graphics environment. This new area has the dual attractions of interesting research problems and important applications. The subject can be approached from two points of view: The design of surfaces which includes the interactive modification of geometric information and the representation of surfaces for which the geometric information is relatively fixed. Design takes place in 3-space whereas representation can be higher dimensional. 'Surfaces in CAGD' can be traced from its inception in rectangular Coons patches and Bezier patches to triangular patches which are current research topics. Triangular patches can interpolate and approximate to arbitrarily located data and require the preprocessing steps of triangulation and derivative estimation. New contouring methods have been found using these triangular patches. Finally, multidimensional interpolation schemes have been based on tetrahedral interpolants and are illustrated by surfaces in 4-space by means of color computer graphics.
Modification of multilayer mirror top-layer design for increased laser damage resistance

ABSTRACT This work focuses on the optimization of a high reflector design for operation at 1 µm wavele ngth to achieve a high laser damage threshold when tested at pulse durations of 0.19 and 4 ns. Different designs that modify the standing wave electric field distribution of a quarter wave Ta 2 O 5 /SiO 2 multilayer dielectric coating are considered. It is found that the addition of an extra SiO 2 quarter wave to reduce the peak electric field in the coating, increases the 50% damage probability by over 100% at both pulse durations. Keywords: multilayer coating, laser induced damage thre shold, ion beam sputtering, tantala, Ta 2 O 5 , laser mirror, high reflector. 1. INTRODUCTION Ta 2 O 5 is a prime candidate for a high index material in interference coatings given its low intrinsic stress [1], superior layer smoothness and uniformity [2], and low absorption and scattering losses. Ta2O5/SiO2 interference coatings are used for high average power lasers, as in the Laser Interfero meter Gravitational Wave Observatory [3]. However, when paired with SiO
Social Dynamics of Three Captive Wolf Packs

This study probes the intrinsic complexities of the social organization and inter-individual relationships in three captive packs of wolves; behavior profiles of members of two of the packs had been determined earlier during infancy. The effects of removal and reintroduction of dominant and second ranking yearling wolves in two of the packs and of dominant and most subordinate wolves in a third pack were observed. A greater cohensiveness or unity in the higher ranks of the pack, based upon the "tension" effect of attraction-affection and aggression-domination is proposed. The social significance of paradoxical ambivalent aggression and the relationships between active and passive submission and play behavior are discussed.
Episodic Memory in Dementia: Characteristics of New Learning that Differentiate Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's Diseases

Differences in the memory characteristics of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) were investigated with tests that assess learning and retention of words, line-drawn objects, and locations. Large groups of AD, HD, and PD patients were administered the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the Hopkins Board (HB). Eight learning and memory measures were subjected to discriminant function analysis. A 91% classification accuracy was achieved for the separation of cortical and subcortical dementias and 79% accuracy for the discrimination of the three groups. The delayed recall of items was the best discriminator. Receiver-operating curve analysis indicated up to 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity in differentiating the three diseases using the discriminant scores. Individual learning and memory measures of the HVLT-R and the HB provided very high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing cortical versus subcortical dementias and modest accuracy in separating the two subcortical diseases.
Static light scattering from concentrated protein solutions II: experimental test of theory for protein mixtures and weakly self-associating proteins.

Using an experimental technique recently developed in this laboratory (Fernandez C. and A. P. Minton. 2008. Anal. Biochem. 381:254-257), the Rayleigh light scattering of solutions of bovine serum albumin, hen egg white ovalbumin, hen egg white ovomucoid, and binary mixtures of these three proteins was measured as a function of concentration at concentrations up to 125 g/L. The measured concentration dependence of scattering of both pure proteins and binary mixtures is accounted for nearly quantitatively by an effective hard particle model (Minton A. P. 2007. Biophys. J. 93:1321-1328) in which each protein species is represented by an equivalent hard sphere, the size of which is determined by the nature of repulsive interactions between like molecules under a given set of experimental conditions. The light scattering of solutions of chymotrypsin A was measured as a function of concentration at concentrations up to 70 g/L at pH 4.1, 5.4, and 7.2. At each pH, the measured concentration dependence is accounted for quantitatively by an effective hard particle model, according to which monomeric protein may self-associate to form an equilibrium dimer and, depending upon pH, an equilibrium pentamer or hexamer.
Gender and Injury in Spousal Assault

(1987). Gender and Injury in Spousal Assault. Sociological Focus: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 61-75.
Behavior of Remnant Speckles in an Adaptively Corrected Imaging System

Adaptive correction on large ground-based telescopes is enabling a variety of novel studies that would be impossible at the limits of spatial and spectral resolution imposed by the Earth's turbulent atmosphere. Even relatively high-order systems, however, do not yield a perfect correction and as a result are compromised by a low-intensity halo of remnant light that is removed from the core of the point-spread function (PSF) and dispersed in the focal plane. Worse still, this halo is neither constant in time nor uniform in position but is concentrated in transient spots that move about as mutually coherent patches of phase over the telescope aperture happen to combine constructively in the image plane. These "speckles" in the PSF set limits on ground-based searches for faint companions to bright stars. We describe here simple properties of the physics of speckle formation that will affect the statistics of residual speckles in a fundamental way: at high correction, the secondary maxima of the static PSF will coherently amplify or "pin" the time-varying speckles, influencing their effective characteristic lifetimes and dramatically changing their spatial distribution. Furthermore, as a result of speckle pinning, temporal variations in the noncommon path errors that occur in practical adaptive optics systems will cause an additional gradual drift in the spatial distribution of speckles, as Airy rings shift. Speckle pinning may be exploited to suppress speckle noise by tailoring the PSF with static aberrations artificially injected via the deformable mirror so as to clear a region of the PSF of Airy rings and hence of pinned speckles, a technique that we term "speckle sweeping."
Population internet penetration rate and channel supply chain players' performances

With the rapid development of the internet, the population internet penetration rate plays a strategic importance in the dual-channel supply chain. In this research, we use a game-theoretic approach to examine the effect of the population internet penetration rate on the performances of the manufacturer and traditional retailer under the Stackelberg and Bertrand competitive models. Our results suggest that an increase in the population internet penetration rate always has a negative impact on the manufacturer and traditional retailer's profits. Furthermore, when the product is more suitable for the online market, the traditional retailer will be hurt more by the population internet penetration rate. For the manufacturer, although a larger product web fit can increase profits, the population internet penetration rate has a stronger impact on profitability, thus decreasing profits even as the product web fit increases. Our results also suggest that both the manufacturer and the retailer can adopt either of the Stackelberg and Bertrand competitive market structures in the dual-channel supply chain since their profits are unaffected by the two models. The managerial implications of our results are discussed and the probable paths of future research are identified.
Generation and partial characterization of a transformed cetacean cell line.

A primary epithelial cell line, DK1, established from renal tissue of a spontaneously aborted female Atlantic bottlenose dolphin was transfected with linearized pSV3.neo, an SV40 virus-derived plasmid encoding large tumor antigen (Tag). Transfected cells were grown in cetacean culture medium supplemented with 400g/ml geneticin (G418), and individual clones were selected using cloning rings. DKN1 was the first clone to be evaluated for future research use, and has been continuously cultured for 8 years. Intracellular cytokeratin and the expression of Tag were determined in DKN1, and cell growth was evaluated under different concentrations of l-glutamine, glutathione, and N-acetylcysteine. DKN1 cells did not require high levels of l-glutamine as previously reported for cetacean cells, and addition of antioxidants at the concentrations used in this study (2.0 mM) decreased the rate of cell division. These data suggest strongly that these immortalized bottlenose dolphin epithelial cells have different levels of, and requirements for, glutathione than would be considered normal for terrestrial mammalian cells, do not require high levels of l-glutamine as previously suggested for dolphin cells, and exhibit decreased levels of cell growth and viability in high levels of the antioxidant GSH and its precursor, NAC. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Reduction of blade-vortex interaction noise through porous leading edge

The effect of the porous leading edge of an airfoil on the blade-vortex interaction noise, which dominates the far-field acoustic spectrum of the helicopter, is investigated. The thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a high-order upwind-biased scheme and a multizonal grid system. The Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model is modified for considering transpiration on the surface. The amplitudes of the propagating acoustic wave in the near field are calculated directly from the computation. The porosity effect on the surface is modeled in two ways: (1) imposition of prescribed transpiration velocity distribution and (2) calculation of transpiration velocity distribution by Darcy's law. Results show leading-edge transpiration can suppress pressure fluctuations at the leading edge during blade-vortex interaction and consequently reduce the amplitude of propagating noise by 30% at a maximum in the near field.
Bacon‐Bercey Award to Lundberg

Laura L. Lundberg, a first-year graduate student in chemistry at the University of California, San Diego, is the recipient of the 1983 June Bacon-Bercey Scholarship for Women in Atmospheric Sciences. The scholarship, administered by AGU, is provided through a gift from June Bacon-Bercey, a noted meteorologist. Lundberg's association with atmospheric sciences is recent. She received a B.A. in chemistry in May 1982 from Douglass College, Rutgers University, where she worked with G. F. Herzog in studying beryllium-10 in sediment and soil samples from the Maurice River-Union Lake system in New Jersey. That research generated an article in the May 20, 1983, issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research (vol. 88, Lundberg et al., pp. 4498–4504).
Modifications of chronic hepatotoxicity of pyrrolizidine (Senecio) alkaloids by butylated hydroxyanisole and cysteine.

The chronic hepatotoxic effects of mixed pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from the poisonous plant tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and the ability of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and cysteine to alter these hepatic effects were studied in male rats. In control animals, the i.p. administration of a single dose of mixed PAs, 160 mg/kg, produced marked fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, megalocytosis, necrosis and calcification in liver 8 weeks post injection. In contrast, consumption of 0.75% BHA diet 10 days before and 14 days after PA administration reduced the incidence and/or completely prevented the occurrence of these pathological changes. Similar treatment with 1% cysteine, however, only reduced the severity of the hepatic lesions.
Three-Dimensional Unstructured Adaptive Multigrid Scheme for the Navier-Stokes Equations

A solution adaptive multigrid scheme for solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured meshes is presented. The algorithm solves the equations on a fully unstructured mesh of tetrahedral elements, using a multigrid time-marching scheme. The initial unstructured mesh is successively refined based on gradients in the flow solution, with the multigrid levels being determined by the refinement procedure. Important issues related to solving viscous flows on unstructured meshes are discussed. These include calculation of the viscous stress terms in a manner that prevents wiggles, calculation of the time steps to include both inviscid and viscous effects, numerical smoothing considerations, minimization of computer storage requirements, and implementation of the k-e turbulence model. Solutions are presented for several examples of industrial importance that illustrate the potential of the method, including transonic flow about an aircraft engine nacelle, and in both rotating and nonrotating turbomachinery passages.
Galsulfase: enzyme therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome)

Galsulfase is a recombinant formulation of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, which is deficient in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS-VI; also known as Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome). Regular intravenous infusion of galsulfase has been shown to facilitate the clearance of dermatan sulfate, the major storage material found in the tissues of patients with MPS-VI. Associated improvements in endurance, joint range of motion and pulmonary function were observed; with variability in response, partly influenced by disease severity prior to the initiation of treatment. Treatments were well-tolerated, and although antibodies against the infused enzyme developed in the majority of treated patients, there has been no lasting adverse influence on outcome. These developments have resulted in the use of galsulfase therapy as the primary treatment for patients with MPS-VI; obviating the need for bone marrow transplantation. Other therapeutic approaches, such as substrate reduction therapy a...
Locus of Control: Supervision and Work Satisfaction

This article discusses the increase in public concern surrounding new problems between workers and their employers. Research suggests that employees may have a generalized expectancy regarding whet...
Development of many-body polarizable force fields for Li-battery applications: 2. LiTFSI-doped Oligoether, polyether, and carbonate-based electrolytes.

A quantum chemistry study of Li+ interactions with ethers, carbonates, alkanes, and a trifluoromethanesulfonylimide anion (TFSI-) was performed at the MP2, B3LYP, and HF levels using the aug-cc-pvDz basis set for solvents and TFSI- anion, and [8s4p3d/5s3p2d]-type basis set for Li. A classical many-polarizable force field was developed for the LiTFSI salt interacting with ethylene carbonate (EC), γ-butyrolactone (GBL), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), acetone, oligoethers, n-alkanes, and perfluoroalkanes. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for EC/LiTFSI, PC/LiTFSI, GBL/LiTFSI, DMC/LiTFSI, 1,2-dimethoxyethane/LiTFSI, pentaglyme/LiTFSI, and poly(ethylene oxide) (MW = 2380)/LiTFSI electrolytes at temperatures from 298 to 423 K and salt concentrations from 0.3 to 5 M. The ion and solvent self-diffusion coefficients, electrolyte conductivity, electrolyte density, LiTFSI apparent molar volumes, and structure of the Li+ cation environment predicted by MD simulations were found in good agreement with expe...
Magnetooptical Experiments on Broad Absorption Bands in Solids

The F center is discussed as an example of a point defect in solids with an associated broad absorption band. It is shown how the effect of a magnetic field on such a center can be studied by means of the Faraday effect with reference to the method of moments. The appropriate dispersion relation for obtaining the circular dichroism pattern from the Faraday rotation pattern is derived. The procedure used to evaluate numerically the dispersion relation is briefly described, and results for the F center in KI are compared with a direct observation of the effect of a magnetic field on the F band published elsewhere.
Deja vu: nosocomial hepatitis B virus transmission and fingerstick monitoring.

Abstract PURPOSE: Three patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection were identified who had been hospitalized on the same medical ward during a 19-day period several months earlier. An investigation was undertaken to determine if nosocomial transmission had occurred. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort study of patients admitted to the medical ward during the 19-day period in 1995 was conducted. In addition, we reviewed medical charts and laboratory records of all patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection who had been admitted to the hospital from 1992 through October 1996 to identify other cases with possible nosocomial acquisition. RESULTS: The 3 patients who had developed acute hepatitis B infection 2 to 5 months after hospitalization on the same medical ward had diabetes mellitus but no identified risk factors for hepatitis B infection. A source patient with diabetes mellitus and hepatitis B "e" antigenemia also was present on the same medical ward at the same time; all 4 patients were infected with the same viral subtype ( adw2 ). Diabetes mellitus and fingerstick monitoring were associated with illness ( P adw4 ). The fingerstick device employed had a reusable base onto which disposable lancet caps were inserted. There was ample opportunity for cross-contamination among patients because deficiencies in infection control practices, particularly failure to change gloves between patients, were reported by nurses and patients with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: Transmission during fingerstick procedures was the most likely cause of these cases of nosocomial hepatitis B infection. Contamination probably occurred when health-care workers failed to change gloves between patients undergoing fingerstick monitoring, although other means of contamination cannot be ruled out.
Orthostatic Hypoxemia in a Patient With Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Dyspnea occurring in recumbency is a common manifestation of left-sided heart failure, but dyspnea limited to the upright position is exceedingly rare. Altman and Robin 1 described such a symptom in a patient with emphysema and used the term "platypnea" to denote relief of dyspnea in the recumbent position. The present report describes a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma who developed severe hypoxemia in the sitting or standing position. Marked dyspnea and lightheadedness in the erect position necessitated his remaining supine and led to the false impression of orthostatic hypotension. Ventilatory and hemodynamic studies suggested that the hypoxemia was related to orthostatic shunting of blood through the involved left lung, and complete relief of the syndrome after pneumonectomy confirmed this impression. Patient Summary A 48-year-old waiter was admitted to the Washington Veterans Administration Hospital with a three-month history of anorexia and a 15.8-kg (35-lb) weight loss and hemoptysis in the previous
Time-resolved spectroscopy using a chopper wheel as a fast shutter.

Widely available, small form-factor, fiber-coupled spectrometers typically have a minimum exposure time measured in milliseconds, and thus cannot be used directly for time-resolved measurements at the microsecond level. Spectroscopy at these faster time scales is typically done with an intensified charge coupled device (CCD) system where the image intensifier acts as a “fast” electronic shutter for the slower CCD array. In this paper, we describe simple modifications to a commercially available chopper wheel system to allow it to be used as a “fast” mechanical shutter for gating a fiber-coupled spectrometer to achieve microsecond-scale time-resolved optical measurements of a periodically pulsed light source. With the chopper wheel synchronized to the pulsing of the light source, the time resolution can be set to a small fraction of the pulse period by using a chopper wheel with narrow slots separated by wide spokes. Different methods of synchronizing the chopper wheel and pulsing of the light sources are explored. The capability of the chopper wheel system is illustrated with time-resolved measurements of pulsed plasmas.
V centers in single crystal Al2O3

Abstract From optical and thermal bleaching experiments it is concluded that the 400 nm absorption band which appears in Al2O3 after γ-irradiation is a composite V band. One of its components is attributed to the V-OH center which also is responsible for a localized vibrational band at 3316 cm-11 analogous to the one observed for the VOH center in MgO. The irradiation also results in electron trapping at Cr3+ impurity ions to produce a band at 227 nm. Annealing at 170°C destroys the V-OH center by releasing holes which convert the Cr2+ to Cr3+ with an attendant thermoluminescence.
Wet-chemical synthesis of monodispersed barium titanate particles — hydrothermal conversion of TiO2 microspheres to nanocrystalline BaTiO3

Abstract A low-temperature hydrothermal reaction scheme has been developed to produce pure, ultrafine, uniform-sized, nanocrystalline barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) microspheres from two inorganic precursors: synthesized titania microspheres and barium hydroxide solutions. The size and morphology of titania (TiO 2 ) microspheres were controlled using isopropanol to fine-tune the dielectric constant of the isopropanol–water mixed solvent system. Monodispersed titania microspheres approximately 0.1–1 μm in diameter were successfully synthesized for the further conversion to barium titanate. Barium titanate and titania microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and room-temperature X-ray diffraction (RTXRD). High-temperature XRD (HTXRD) was also utilized for in situ study of the phase transformations and changes of crystallite size with calcination temperatures. The titania microspheres were predominant in the anatase (plus some brookite) phase at room temperature and were converted to the rutile phase when the calcination temperature was increased from 650°C to 900°C. Monodispersed barium titanate microspheres were successfully synthesized from optimized titania via a hydrothermal reaction (≤100°C) in barium hydroxide solutions. The size and morphology of the barium titanate particles remained the same as the precursor titania particles, indicating a “shrinking-core” diffusion–reaction mechanism. Barium carbonate in the form of witherite was also found along with the formation of barium titanate, especially under conditions with higher Ba/Ti ratios, but a formic acid washing procedure effectively removed this impurity phase from the barium titanate samples. The as-prepared barium titanate was in the cubic nanocrystalline form and did not change when the temperature was increased from room temperature to as high as 750°C. The cubic phase was also stable at high temperatures for over 5 h.
Quantum kinetic equations for electrons in random impurities

Abstract The problem of the linear response of a collection of dynamically independent electrons interacting with a random set of scattering centers to an arbitrary electromagnetic field is considered on the basis of quantum kinetic equations. First a projection technique is used to derive a general kinetic equation for that part of the density matrix that is averaged over the uncorrelated impurity distribution. This procedure is free of the criticisms of the earlier methods of treating the impurity averaging and is at the same time much simpler. For the case of weak scattering, the importance of the interference term of the kinetic equation is demonstrated by studying the indirect power absorption. The case of uniform electric field is studied in detail for various simple systems, for which more specialized kinetic equations are derived simply as matrix elements of the general equation. For an arbitrary electromagnetic field the gauge invariance of the results is demonstrated by deriving a kinetic equation in terms of the physical field strengths rather than their potentials. A “local” density matrix is introduced for the evaluation of the current density and its kinetic equation derived. From this a transport equation for a quantum-mechanical distribution function is obtained for the case of free electrons. The conditions under which it reduces to the Boltzmann equation for the classical distribution function are investigated.
The Concurrent Validity of the Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders

The present study was designed as an initial investigation of the concurrent validity of the Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders (DSMD; Naglieri, LeBuffe, & Pfeiffer, 1994) in relation to the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in two clinically referred samples of children and adolescents. The DSMD is a recently published multidimensional behavior rating scale comprised of empirically and conceptually derived scales designed to aid the diagnostic decision-making process for youth with severe psychiatric and educational classifications. To date, no published study has examined the concurrent validity of the DSMD. The first of the present studies compared the DSMD and BASC with 64 children and adolescents in an inpatient hospital setting; the second study compared the DSMD and CBCL with 74 children and adolescents classified as having serious emotional disturbance (SED) in residential care. Concurrent validity was assessed through correlations and squared ...
Lithium as augmentation for major depressive disorder

Although lithium does not have an FDA approved indication for augmentation of an antidepressant in major depressive disorder, it has been prescribed for this purpose for decades. While a wide variety of medications have been used historically in this capacity, lithium is one of the few agents that has demonstrated efficacy in multiple randomized controlled trials. Although the ideal role for lithium augmentation has yet to be established, there is currently ample evidence to support the clinical practice of adding lithium to conventional antidepressants in pursuit of major depressive disorder remission.
A new look at the compatability problem of elasticity theory

Abstract The fundamental compatibility question of elasticity asks when is a positive definite, matrix-valued function on the reference configuration of a material body the right Cauchy-Green strain matrix of a single-valued deformation map. A new answer to this question is obtained, for which the compatibility conditions constitute a first order differential system. These conditions are converting to an equivalent matrix system of linear Riemann-Graves integral equations that are readily solved by iteration on star shaped regions. All mappings that result in the given compatible right Cauchy-Green strain matrix are obtained. They are shown to determine the current configuration to within global rigid body translations and rotations. This answer to the compatability question recognizes the topological restrictions inherent in such a global question. The structure of the local differential compatibility conditions are shown to provide a natural point of departure for an analysis of anelastic response mechanisms.
Social exchange and union commitment: a comparison of union instrumentality and union support perceptions

Summary In general, previous research suggests that the primary determinant of union members' level of union commitment is their satisfaction with the union's ability to secure desired levels of various work-related outcomes (wages, benefits etc.). This research is consistent with a social exchange based view of union commitment. Eisenberger et al. (1986, 1990) obtained support for the idea that social exchange is not entirely economic: perceptions of organizational support predicted several criteria. This study sought to extend organizational support perceptions to the union setting and test the relative contribution of members' perceptions of union support and instrumentality to prediction of union commitment. Hypotheses were tested by surveying 77 employees of a small northeastern state university. Results of correlational and multiple regression analyses indicated that perceptions of union support accounted for more variance in union commitment than did union instrumentality. This result held for the union's instrumentality relative to both traditional bargaining issues and issues important only to faculty members. However, contrary to predictions, exchange ideology did not moderate relations between union instrumentality and union commitment or between union support and union commitment.
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation improves deglutition in Parkinson's disease

Relatively little is known about the role of the basal ganglia in human deglutition. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) affords us a model for examining deglutition in humans with known impairment of the basal ganglia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of subthalamic nuclei (STN) DBS on the oral and pharyngeal stages of deglutition in individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD). It was hypothesized that DBS would be associated with improved deglutition. Within participant, comparisons were made between DBS in the ON and OFF conditions using the dependent variables: pharyngeal transit time, maximal hyoid bone excursion, oral total composite score, and pharyngeal total composite score. Significant improvement occurred for the pharyngeal composite score and pharyngeal transit time in the DBS ON condition compared with DBS OFF. Stimulation of the STN may excite thalamocortical or brainstem targets to sufficiently overcome the bradykinesia/hypokinesia associated with PD and return some pharyngeal stage motor patterns to performance levels approximating those of "normal" deglutition. However, the degree of hyoid bone excursion and oral stage measures did not improve, suggesting that these motor acts may be under the control of different sensorimotor pathways within the basal ganglia.
One-sided defect of Swiss cheese.

Abstract Methods were developed for measuring the rheological properties of Swiss cheese under compression, and changes in these properties with age were measured along with changes in moisture, dye-binding capacity, and salt distribution. To study the one-sided defect, samples of young and aged cheese were obtained from two manufacturers, one of whom produced normal and the other one-sided cheese. The moisture, pH, lactic acid concentration, dye-binding capacity, and rheological properties were measured in both the inside and outside of the cheese. In the young samples, the lactic acid in the cheese prone to one-sidedness was higher in the inside than the outside, whereas the reverse was true of the normal cheese. In the aged cheese, the elasticity and shear strength of the one-sided cheese was lower in the outside than than the inside, whereas the reverse was true for normal samples.
Monitoring procedures for tourism using RFID and Google Maps technologies

Due to global e-Map on Internet, tourists can easily and precisely find the position that they are interested in. Using one kind of tag-based microchips, a RFID system is usually combined with back-end information systems to sense the tag information with internet-connected readers through wireless transmission. Recently, since the number of travel websites is under unceasing development and increasing, tourists can deeply understand scenic sites before their trips. However, the travel agents capture tourist information, only from the leading tour guides on trip, which is an ineffective monitoring procedure. This research discusses how to combine RFID technology with Google Maps in traveling applications, and provides two-way monitoring procedures with an e-map traveling system. As proposed scheme, RFID tags are attached to tourists using RFID wireless radio frequency identification technology. Four monitoring components are designed to deliver tourists' tag information so that travel agents can automatically track their tours and tourists by remote monitoring information from the mobile and spot-based RFID readers instead of tour guides. The monitoring information of tracked tours and tourists will be represented in internet-based Google Maps. By comparing with the existing traveling websites, this paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of the procedures proposed.
The relationship of early alliance ruptures and their resolution to process and outcome in three time-limited psychotherapies for personality disorders

This study examined the relationship of early alliance ruptures and their resolution to process and outcome in a sample of 128 patients randomly assigned to 1 of 3 time-limited psychotherapies for personality disorders: cognitive-behavioral therapy, brief relational therapy, or short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Rupture intensity and resolution were assessed by patient- and therapist-report after each of the first 6 sessions. Results indicated that lower rupture intensity and higher rupture resolution were associated with better ratings of the alliance and session quality. Lower rupture intensity also predicted good outcome on measures of interpersonal functioning, while higher rupture resolution predicted better retention. Patients reported fewer ruptures than did therapists. In addition, fewer ruptures were reported in cognitive-behavioral therapy than in the other treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
Isolation of satellite cells from ovine skeletal muscles

We describe our protocol for isolating myogenic cells from the semimembranous muscles of lamb. Cultured cells display properties similar to myogenic satellite cells isolated from other species; similar characteristics include the ability to proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to form myotubes in primary cell culture. Using the described procedures, we provide the first documentation of satellite like cells existing in postnatal skeletal muscle of a ruminant animal species.
Does Unrestricted Møller−Plesset Perturbation Theory for Low Spin Converge When the System Has a Triplet Ground State?

The unrestricted Hartree−Fock UHF method is often advocated for “singlet” diradicals. Here, we examine the behavior of unrestricted Moller−Plesset (UMP) for the case where the spin along the “up” d...
Concurrent validity of a brief self-report Drug Use Frequency measure.

This study examined two sources of concurrent validity information for a brief Drug Use Frequency (DUF) measure--the well-validated Timeline Followback (TLFB) measure and knowledgeable collateral informants (i.e., spouses)--for 106 male alcoholic patients and their female partners (treatment sample couples) and for 130 male and female participants without current alcohol/drug problems (community sample couples). Results showed generally good concurrent validity of self-reported frequency of illicit drug use on the DUF. Treatment sample results showed high correlations (a) between patient self-reported frequency of drug use on the DUF and on the TLFB for all drug types and (b) between self- and collateral reports on the DUF for male patients and their female partners for the most commonly abused drugs (cannabis, cocaine, and heroin). Community sample results showed (a) high correlations between self- and collateral reports on the DUF for male and female participants for frequency of cannabis and cocaine use and (b) average percent agreement of 99% for all drug types on whether or not male and female participants had used each drug.
A methodology to compute regional housing price index using matching estimator methods

This paper proposes a methodology for a spatial cost index of housing that considers spatial heterogeneity in properties across regions. The index is built by combining three different techniques to reduce the spatial heterogeneity in housing: Quasi-experimental methods, hedonic prices and Fisher spatial price index. Using microdata from the Chilean survey CASEN 2006, it is shown that the quasi-experimental method called Mahalanobis metric within propensity score calipers (MMWPS) leads to a significant reduction in the potential bias. The technique matches dwellings of a particular region with other properties of similar characteristics in the benchmark region (Metropolitan region). Once the houses are matched, a hedonic price model is computed, and a regional housing price matrix is created using Fisher spatial price indices. The paper concludes the existence of price differentials for homogeneous houses across regions in Chile.
Conflict monitoring and resolution: Are two languages better than one? Evidence from reaction time and event-related brain potentials.

Abstract An advantage for bilingual relative to monolingual young adults has been found for cognitive control tasks, although this finding is not consistent in the literature. The present investigation further examined this advantage using three tasks previously found to be sensitive to the effect. Furthermore, both behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) measures were included. Monolingual (n = 25) and highly proficient bilingual (n = 26) young adults completed a Stroop, Simon, and Eriksen flanker task while electrophysiological recording took place. Behaviorally there were no language group differences on any of the tasks. The ERP measures demonstrated differences between monolinguals and bilinguals with respect to conflict monitoring, resource allocation, stimulus categorization, and error-processing; however, these differences were not consistent across tasks. Given the similar behavioral performance across the groups the observed differences in brain responses may not represent an advantage for bilinguals. The results are discussed with respect to previous findings.
A sleep clinic within a general hospital psychiatry service

A sleep clinic was founded within a general hospital psychiatry service. A practical approach toward sleep problems included: flexible diagnostic investigations; descriptive, imprecise diagnostic categories; and symptomatic treatment measures. A summary of 100 consecutive patients with chronic insomnia is presented to illustrate this approach. Of 36 treatment failures, most were due to incomplete treatment rather than irremediable problems. The general psychiatry service may provide a favorable base for a sleep clinic.
Wound Fluids from Human Pressure Ulcers Contain Elevated Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels and Activity Compared to Surgical Wound Fluids

Fluid from acute surgical wounds and from nonhealing pressure ulcers was examined for the presence of several matrix metalloproteinases. Gelatin zymography demonstrated the presence of two major gelatinases with apparent molecular masses of 72 kDa and 92 kDa and two minor gelatinases with apparent mobilities of 68 kDa and 125 kDa. Antigen-specific sera identified the 72-kDa protein as matrix melloproteinase-2. The same sera also reacted with the 68-kDa protein, which is consistent with it being an activated form of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Antigen-specific sera identified the 92-kDa and 125-kDa proteins as matrix metalloproteinase-9. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were elevated more than 10-fold and 25-fold, respectively, in fluids from pressure ulcers compared with fluids from healing wounds. Examination of total potential and actual collagenolytic activity revealed that fluid from pressure ulcers contained significantly greater levels of both total and active collagenase compared with that of acute surgical wounds. In addition, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that fluids from pressure ulcers contained significantly more collagenase complexed with the inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Together, these observations suggest that an imbalance exists between levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the fluids of pressure ulcers and that this is primarily the result of elevated levels of the matrix metalloproteinases. The presence of excessive levels of activated forms of matrix-degrading enzymes at the wound surface of pressure ulcers may impede the healing of these wounds and may be relevant to the development of new rationales for treatment.
Strictly local backpropagation

In conventional implementations of the backpropagation method, the delta error terms which propagate the error back through the network are global (common) variables shared by multiple nodes. A modified implementation of the algorithm which permits this process to occur using only local values of all variables is presented. This innovation is beneficial for massively parallel implementations. It is only the network architecture that has been modified; the computational scheme is completely equivalent to the standard algorithm. This modification was made to address criticisms of the backpropagation model on grounds that it is not biologically plausible
Patterns of photoprotection following CDKN2A/p16 genetic test reporting and counseling.

Background The impact of melanoma genetic testing and counseling on photoprotective behaviors is unknown. Objective To determine if genetic testing and counseling alter compliance with photoprotection recommendations. Methods Reported use of sunscreen, protective clothing, and sun avoidance by 59 members of CDKN2A/p16 -mutation positive pedigrees was assessed as a function of mutation status and melanoma history, before, immediately after, and 1 month following test reporting. Results Intentions to practice all photoprotective behaviors increased in all participant groups ( P P Limitations This initial study of CDKN2A/p16 families is small and awaits replication in a larger sample. Conclusion Melanoma genetic testing and counseling enhanced intentions to implement photoprotective strategies and did not result in reduced compliance in the CDKN2A/p16 -subpopulation.
Artin–Schreier extensions and generalized associated orders

Abstract Let k be the local field F q ( ( T ) ) , where q is a power of a prime number p. Let L be a totally ramified Artin–Schreier extension of degree p over k and G its Galois group, and let v be a valuation of L such that v ( T ) = 1 . Define M L r = { x ∈ L : v ( x ) ⩾ r p } . We give a basis for the O k -module A r , b ( L / k ) = { x ∈ k [ G ] : x ⋅ M L r ⊂ M L b } . Moreover, we determine the conditions for which M L r is free over the ring A r , r .
Amorphous Phase Trapping as a Result of Pulsed Laser Irradiation of Silicon

It is concluded that large interface undercooling of approx. 300 deg are not likely to occur during pulsed laser annealing and that the observed liquid to amorphous phase transition is not a purely thermodynamic effect. It is then shown that the formation of the amorphous phase can be understood on the basis of a kinetic rate model which makes large undercoolings of the interface unnecessary.