cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parents’ Perspectives of Collaboration with School Professionals: Barriers and Facilitators to Successful Partnerships in Planning for Students with ASD

Both parents and school professionals (e.g. teachers, administrators, related service providers) are stakeholders in the Individualized Education Plan (IEP) process. Despite the fact that the inclusion of parents as full members in the process has been mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act since it was originally passed in as PL 94-142 in 1975, parents continue to report encountering barriers to equitable participation. To probe the barriers and facilitators to full team membership, we administered a mixed-methods survey study to parents of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 135) exploring the nature of their perceptions of collaboration. Common barriers to collaboration included opportunities to provide input, communication difficulties with school teams, and negative perceptions of school professionals. School administrator actions identified as facilitators of collaboration included attendance at IEP meetings, quick response to phone calls, and assistance with acquiring resources. Parents reported low levels of perceived disability-specific staff knowledge regarding ASD. Quantitative findings from this survey sample indicate that a large number of parents of children with ASD reported experiencing difficulty and/or were not included in the special education collaborative process. Implications and recommendations for school administrators and teams are discussed.
Spontaneous reduction of O2 on PtVFe nanocatalysts

Abstract Reduction of O2 in the presence of model PtVFe nanocatalysts was studied using the PBE functional with a plane wave basis set. The model catalysts consisted of trimers and a 0.6-nm particle. The results show that among three molecular chemisorption configurations, i.e. Pauling, Griffith, and Yeager configurations, the O2 bond is weakened the most in the Yeager configuration, then the Griffth configuration, and then the Pauling configuration. A new molecular chemisorption configuration, i.e. 5-atom ring configuration, was also identified. With the O–O distance up to 1.4 A, a linear correlation was found between the O2 stretching frequency and the O2 bond distance regardless of the metal or adsorption site. However, the charge transfer and the adsorption energy are highly dependent on the metal and adsorption site. The alloyed clusters are most effective in transferring electrons to O2 species and weakening O2 bond especially when the O atoms are attached to non-Pt atoms. Our results suggest that the superior catalytic activity of PtVFe nanoparticles in the oxygen reduction is due to the effectiveness in charge transfer and the presence of direct (spontaneous) dissociation pathway.
Molecular detection and typing of fungal pathogens

A major goal of molecular testing is to develop a cost-effective as well as sensitive and specific assay that can detect microbial DNA in clinical samples early in the course of disease. Additionally, the ability to analyze the genetic relatedness of fungi on a timelier basis using molecular methods will have a positive impact on epidemiologic investigating. As technology advances, it seems apparent that commercially available molecular assays will become available in the near future for the management of patients with suspected fungal infections.
Structural Model for the Dielectric Relaxation of Liquid Water

This article describes computer calculations of the relaxation of the electric dipole moments of water in terms of a point defect model.
Children's Coping With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Stressors: Results From the Journeys to Recovery Study

Study aims were to determine types of stressors present prior to pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and 45 days post-HSCT, identify coping strategies used, and evaluate the perceived strategy efficacy from the patient's perspective as measured by the Kidcope. Pre-HSCT, the majority of 93 participants (7–18 years) chose stressors that were classified as “psychosocial” (63% vs. 37%). At Day 45, participants selecting “medical” stressors increased from 37% to 50%. At both time points, “wishful thinking” was used most frequently, despite it being the least effective coping strategy. The most efficacious coping strategy at both time points was social support.
Spectrum of Histopathological Changes in Pancreas Allograft Biopsies and Relationship to Graft Loss

Histological evaluation of pancreas allografts through the use of needle biopsies is of paramount importance for the determination of the etiology of graft dysfunction. In addition, pathological assessment of the overall status of the exocrine, endocrine, and vascular components provides invaluable information with regards to the prognosis of the graft. Pancreas allograft failure results from a variety of causes, highly dependent on the time posttransplantation, but after the first 6 months' posttransplantation the most common cause of graft loss is chronic rejection. The main histological manifestations of chronic rejection are progressive graft sclerosis (increasing fibrosis and proportional atrophy of the glandular components), secondarily leading to endocrine failure. Evaluation of serial biopsies in patients with graft failure has shown that the most important histological predictors of chronic rejection/graft sclerosis are diffuse acinar inflammation and acute and chronic vascular injury in the form of intimal arteritis and proliferative transplant arteriopathy, respectively.
Soil biological properties, soil losses and corn yield in long-term organic and conventional farming systems

Abstract Topsoil losses through surface runoff have severe implications for farmers, as well as surrounding ecosystems and waterbodies. However, integrating management systems that enhance soil organic matter (SOM) can stabilize the soil surface from erosion. Little is known about how differences in both tillage and cropping system management affect carbon and subsequent sediment losses in horticultural fields, particularly in the humid climate of the southeast. Research was conducted in the Appalachian Mountains in Mills River, NC on a fine-sandy loam Acrisol from 2010 to 2012 on long-term plots established in 1994. Project objectives included to: (1) quantify labile and total organic matter based on tillage and cropping system practices, (2) determine if relationships exist between SOC ad sediment losses, and (3) determine long-term management and tillage impacts on total organic matter lost via runoff. We hypothesized that organic management and reduced tillage would lead to increased soil carbon, which subsequently reduce losses as soil is stabilized. Organic no tillage and conventional till treatments contained on average 14.34 and 6.80 g kg −1 total carbon (TC) respectively, with the organic no till treatments containing twice the quantity of TC and light fraction particulate organic matter (LPOM) in the upper 15 cm as compared with the conventionally tilled treatments, and four times the quantity of microbial biomass carbon (MBC). LPOM and HPOM, the heavier fraction of POM, did not differ in the organic till and conventional no till treatments.Data support our hypothesis that organic production in combination with no tillage increases C pools (both total and labile) as compared with tilled conventional plots. However, organic no till treatments produced sweet corn ( Zea mays var. saccharata ) yields less than 50% of that of conventional treatments, attributed to weed competition and lack of available N. No tillage treatments lost two to four times less soil C via surface runoff than tilled systems. Additionally, we found that as total soil C increased, suspended solids lost through surface runoff decreased. Overall, our results indicate tillage to be an important factor in enhancing soil C and decreasing soil loss through surface runoff.
Free volume properties of model fluids and polymers : Shape and connectivity

The Cavity Energetic Sizing Algorithm (CESA) method of in 't Veld (J Phys Chem B 2000, 104, 12028) is extended to characterize the nonspherical nature of free volume. The new technique is introduced with reference to simple model fluids (water, hard spheres, and a Lennard-Jones fluid) and then applied to polymers of interest to membrane scientists. A set of shape parameters is introduced, characterizing nanopores in terms of surface area, volume, radius of gyration, and span. Results are presented for Lennard-Jones fluid and hard sphere fluid, and for the high free volume polymers (poly-trimethyl-silyl-propane) poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) and a random copolymer of 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole (TFE/BDD). PTMSP is observed to have an average free volume cluster span of 1.43 nm, compared to TFE/BDD with an average cluster span of 0.98 nm, consistent with the markedly higher permeability of CO2 observed in PTMSP. An additional method for measuring free volume is introduced, similar to a method introduced by Greenfield and Theodorou (Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5461; Mol Simul 1997, 19, 329; Macromolecules 1998, 31, 7068; 2001, 34, 8541), which measures free volume relative to a specific probe. The method captures 1–3 times the fractional cavity volume captured by CESA. Free volume measurements are presented for a set of polysulfones with respect to noble gas probes (J Chem Phys 2005, 122, 84906; J Mol Struct 2005, 739, 173). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44:1385–1393, 2006
Polymeric catenanes synthesized via “click” chemistry and atom transfer radical coupling

A novel route for the synthesis of polymeric catenanes was demonstrated by grafting an alkyne functionalized polymer onto a supramolecularly templated azide terminated ligand followed by ring closure via atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC). The polymeric catenane was characterized via GPC and AFM imaging.
Malignant Glaucoma after Laser Iridotomy

Malignant glaucoma was initially reported as developing after surgery for glaucoma. Subsequently, associations with trauma, inflammation, and the use of miotic agents, as well as spontaneous occurrence have been noted. Laser iridotomy has been assumed to avoid the risk of subsequent malignant glaucoma in eyes with angle-closure glaucoma by avoiding surgical incision of the eye. However, the authors report six cases of malignant glaucoma after laser iridotomy. In all but two cases, medical therapy for the malignant glaucoma resulted in deepening of the anterior chamber and normalization of the intraocular pressure. Malignant glaucoma recurred in five of the patients, and two patients had malignant glaucoma in the fellow eye.
When low self-efficacy is efficacious: toward an addicted-self model of cessation of alcohol- and drug-dependent behavior.

The relationship between self-efficacy and the cessation of alcohol- and drug-dependent behavior was examined in this study. Evidence suggests that the Relapse Prevention Approach may incorrectly specify a relationship between self-efficacy and recovery. Instead of high situational coping self-efficacy, it may be that the acknowledgment of a loss of control over alcohol and drug use, or low controlled use self-efficacy, promotes recovery because the addict embraces the need for lifelong abstinence. Findings from a prospective study of 356 drug treatment outpatientsindicatethat low controlled use self-efficacy predicted higher levels of abstinence acceptance independent from the possible influences of alcohol and drug use histories and treatment history. A decrease in controlled use self-efficacy overtimewas associated with an increase in abstinence acceptance, and high and increasing levels of abstinence acceptance predicted alcohol and drug abstinence. Contrary to the Relapse Prevention Approach, control...
How the stiffness of meniscal attachments and meniscal material properties affect tibio-femoral contact pressure computed using a validated finite element model of the human knee joint

In an effort to prevent degeneration of articular cartilage associated with meniscectomies, both meniscal allografts and synthetic replacements are subjects of current interest and investigation. The objectives of the current study were to (1) determine whether a transversely isotropic, linearly elastic, homogeneous material model of the meniscal tissue is necessary to achieve a normal contact pressure distribution on the tibial plateau, (2) determine which material and boundary condition (attachments) parameters affect the contact pressure distribution most strongly, and (3) set tolerances on these parameters to restore the contact pressure distribution to within a specified error. To satisfy these objectives, a finite element model of the tibio-femoral joint of a human cadaveric knee (including both menisci) was used to study the contact pressure distribution on the tibial plateau. To validate the model, the contact pressure distribution on the tibial plateau was measured experimentally in the same knee used to create the model. Within physiologically reasonable bounds on five material parameters and four attachment parameters associated with a meniscal replacement, an optimization was performed under 1200 N of compressive load on the set of nine parameters to minimize the difference between the experimental and model results. The error between the experimental and model contact variables was minimized to 5.4%. The contact pressure distribution of the tibial plateau was sensitive to the circumferential modulus, axial/radial modulus, and horn stiffness, but relatively insensitive to the remaining six parameters. Consequently, both the circumferential and axial/radial moduli are important determinants of the contact pressure distribution, and hence should be matched in the design and/or selection of meniscal replacements. In addition, during surgical implantation of a meniscal replacement, the horns should be attached with high stiffness bone plugs, and the attachments of the transverse ligament and deep medial collateral ligament should be restored to minimize changes in the contact pressure distribution, and thereby possibly prevent the degradation of articular cartilage.
Microanalysis of Radiation Damage Across a Zoned Zircon Crystal

An oscillatory-zoned single crystal of zircon (ZrSiO4) from Sri Lanka (560 Ma) provides a unique opportunity to study radiation effects over the dose range of 2.1 - 10.6·1015 a-decay events/mg (0.1 - 0.5 dpa). Each zone has a different radiation dose due to variations in the U (0.09 - 0.53 wt %) and Th (0 - 0.11 wt %) content, but all zones share the same thermal history. The zones span a nearly complete range of microstructures from crystalline to aperiodic. Measurements of birefringence show an inverse-linear correlation with dose over the range of doses observed. Micro-Raman spectroscopy results show that a decrease in peak frequency relative to an undamaged zircon, peak broadening and decreases in peak intensity occur with the accumulation of radiation damage.
Benchmark probes for grid assessment

Summary form only given. Like all computing platforms, grids are in need of a suite of benchmarks by which they can be evaluated, compared and characterized. As a first step towards this goal, we have developed a set of probes that exercise basic grid operations with the goal of measuring the performance and the performance variability of basic grid operations, as well as the failure rates of these operations. We present measurement data obtained by running our probes on a grid testbed that spans 5 clusters in 3 institutions. These measurements quantify compute times, network transfer times, and Globus middleware overhead. Our results help provide insight into the stability, robustness, and performance of our testbed, and lead us to make some recommendations for future grid development.
A heterodyne phase locked loop with GHz acquisition range for coherent locking of semiconductor lasers in 0.13 μm CMOS

A heterodyne electro-optical phase locked loop (EO-PLL) architecture is proposed that can lock the frequency and phase of semiconductor lasers. An aided acquisition circuit inspired by the combination of RF image rejection receivers and digital PLL architectures is incorporated in the EOPLL to extend the frequency acquisition range to GHz, even in the presence of large optical delays in the EOPLL. An integrated circuit prototype is implemented in a 0.13 μm CMOS technology and includes a wide bandwidth transimpedance amplifier and the PLL circuitry. Measurement results for the stand-alone chip and the locking of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) using the implemented chip are reported.
Alternative entry receptors for herpes simplex virus and their roles in infection and disease

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are highly prevalent in human populations. Clinical manifestations are often not apparent or are limited to mucocutaneous lesions, at least in persons other than neonates or the immunocompromised. The virus establishes latent infections in peripheral neurons, cannot be eliminated by the immune system once acquired and can periodically reactivate to cause recurrent skin lesions even in persons with apparently normal immune systems. Additionally, the virus can spread to the CNS, causing life-threatening encephalitis. Multiple alternative entry receptors for HSV have been identified. This review will focus on recent studies designed to investigate which of these receptors are exploited by the virus for infection of its various target cell types, whether each receptor contributes equally to disease, and whether HSV strains differ in receptor usage, perhaps influencing their pathogenicity.
The S1P 1 -mTOR axis directs the reciprocal differentiation of T H 1 and T reg cells

Naive CD4(+) T cells differentiate into diverse effector and regulatory lineages to orchestrate immunity and tolerance. Here we found that the differentiation of proinflammatory T helper type 1 (T(H)1) cells and anti-inflammatory Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) was reciprocally regulated by S1P(1), a receptor for the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P(1) inhibited the generation of extrathymic and natural T(reg) cells while driving T(H)1 development in a reciprocal manner and disrupted immune homeostasis. S1P(1) signaled through the kinase mTOR and antagonized the function of transforming growth factor-β mainly by attenuating sustained activity of the signal transducer Smad3. S1P(1) function was dependent on endogenous sphingosine kinase activity. Notably, two seemingly unrelated immunosuppressants, FTY720 and rapamycin, targeted the same S1P(1) and mTOR pathway to regulate the dichotomy between T(H)1 cells and T(reg) cells. Our studies establish an S1P(1)-mTOR axis that controls T cell lineage specification.
Uridine Diphosphate Galactose 4-Epimerase from Yeast STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUATERNARY STRUCTURE AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY

Abstract Uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) from yeast was activated by cations, such as Na+, Mg2+, and a series of quaternary amines, among which spermine was the most effective. The activation by spermine could be explained by a decrease in the Km of the enzyme for uridine diphosphate galactose. Studies of sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge indicated that uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase could assume three distinct states of aggregation, represented by averaged, unextrapolated sedimentation coefficients of approximately (a) 3.6 S, (b) 6.5 S, and (c) 10.9 S. These corresponded to (a) inactive enzyme, titrated with p-chloromercuribenzoate, (b) partially active enzyme, in solutions of low cation concentration, and (c) fully active enzyme, in the presence of relatively high concentrations of activating cations. Analysis of sedimentation equilibria together with previously published information on the molecular weight of the 6.5 S species (Darrow, R. A., and Rodstrom, R., Biochemistry, 7, 1645 (1968)) indicated that the three stages of aggregation are caused by a successive binary association of subunits, resulting in molecular weights of (a) 60,000, (b) 125,000, and (c) 250,000. Some preparations of uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase contained a form of the protein which did not associate to a molecular weight of 250,000 from 125,000, regardless of the cation concentration. This nonassociating form, which still was partially activated by cations, could be separated from the associating form, to a limited extent, by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose.
A New Hybrid System Capable of Efficient Lentiviral Vector Production and Stable Gene Transfer Mediated by a Single Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector

To achieve efficient and sustained gene expression, we developed a new lentivirus/adenovirus hybrid vector (LA vector) that encodes sequences required for production of a human immunodeficiency virus-based lentiviral vector (i.e., a lentiviral vector, a gag/pol/rev expression cassette, a tetracycline-inducible envelope cassette, and the tetracycline-inducible transcriptional activator cassette) in a single helper-dependent adenovirus vector backbone. Via either transfection or infection, human cell lines transduced with the LA vector produced a lentiviral vector in a doxycycline-dependent manner at titers up to 105 to 106 green fluorescent protein transducing units per ml, which are comparable to the titers obtained by conventional multiple plasmid transfection methods. Efficient spread and persistent expression of the transgene were observed in cells maintained in long-term culture that had been infected with the LA vector. Furthermore, when cocultured with adherent cells infected with the LA vector, the human T-cell leukemia cell line was successfully transduced with a marker gene. This LA vector possesses the advantages of efficient gene transfer from an adenoviral vector and stable integration from a lentiviral vector; therefore, it might have potential for a variety of gene therapy applications.
REMPI spectroscopy of cytosine

We report resonant two-photon ionization spectra of laser desorbed, jet cooled, cytosine, 1-methyl cytosine, 5-methyl cytosine, and dimers of these. Unlike other pyrimidine bases, cytosine exhibits vibronic spectra with sharp features in two spectral regions, separated by about 5000 cm 1 . We interpret these as being due to two tautomeric forms, one keto and one enol. The dimers absorb at wavelengths that are intermediate between those of the two monomer forms. By UV–UV hole burning we determined the numbers of isomers contributing to each spectrum and by delayed two color ionization we determined triplet lifetimes. We observed hydrogen transfer between bases both in collisions between monomers and after photo-excitation in clusters. 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Dynamic Roles of Type I and Type II IFNs in Early Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Although the protective role of type II IFN, or IFN-γ, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been established, the effects of type I IFNs are still unclear. One potential confounding factor is the overlap of function between the two signaling pathways. We used mice carrying null mutations in the type I IFNR, type II IFNR, or both and compared their immune responses to those of wild-type mice following aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis. We discovered that, in the absence of a response to IFN-γ, type I IFNs play a nonredundant protective role against tuberculosis. Mice unable to respond to both types of IFNs had more severe lung histopathology for similar bacterial loads and died significantly earlier than did mice with impaired IFN-γ signaling alone. We excluded a role for type I IFN in T cell recruitment, which was IFN-γ dependent, whereas both types of IFNs were required for optimal NK cell recruitment to the lungs. Type I IFN had a time-dependent influence on the composition of lung myeloid cell populations, in particular by limiting the abundance of M. tuberculosis-infected recruited macrophages after the onset of adaptive immunity. We confirmed that response to IFN-γ was essential to control intracellular mycobacterial growth, without any additional effect of type I IFN. Together, our results imply a model in which type I IFN limit the number of target cells that M. tuberculosis can infect in the lungs, whereas IFN-γ enhances their ability to restrict bacterial growth.
Stimulus-response curve of the renal baroreceptor: effect of converting enzyme inhibition and changes in salt intake.

We investigated the effect of converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) on the relationship between renal perfusion pressure (RPP) and steady-state plasma renin activity (PRA) in uninephrectomized conscious dogs on normal-salt (80 meq Na+/day) and low-salt (10 meq Na+/day) diets. Stimulus-response curves for the renal baroreceptor were determined by measuring the steady-state PRA while the RPP was lowered and then held constant by an inflatable cuff placed around the renal artery. On each diet the control stimulus-response curve can be described by two lines intersecting at a threshold pressure; in the higher pressure range PRA is relatively insensitive to changes in RPP, while in the lower pressure range PRA is very responsive to changes in RPP. On the normal-salt diet CEI significantly increases the sensitivity of PRA to RPP in the responsive range without affecting the threshold pressure itself or the values of PRA at pressures greater than the threshold pressure. On the low-salt diet CEI also increases the sensitivity of PRA to RPP significantly in the responsive range; we were unable to determine the effect of CEI on PRA at RPPs greater than the threshold pressure in the low-salt state because CEI causes a significant drop in blood pressure under these circumstances. The effect of CEI was significantly greater in the dogs on the low-salt diet than in the dogs on the normal-salt diet. Thus, CEI and salt depletion interact synergistically to increase the sensitivity of the renal baroreceptor only in the responsive range of the stimulus-response curve, i.e., at renal perfusion pressures below the threshold pressure.
Synthesis of aryl-substituted polyisobutylenes as precursors for ligands for greener, phase-selectively soluble catalysts

General synthetic approaches to functional derivatives of polyisobutylene (PIB) that contain arene groups that can be used as catalysts or as precursors to catalyst ligands are discussed. The emphasis is on reactions that use commercially available terminally function- alized PIB derivatives as starting materials. Both successful and unsuccessful electrophilic aromatic substitution processes are described, and potential problems of this process and ways to circumvent the problem of depolymerization of the intermediate polyisobutyl cation in substitutions of less reactive arenes are detailed. Examples that lead to polyisobutyl-con- taining arenes that are known and potentially useful as ligands or ligand precursors for greener homogeneous catalysts that are phase-selectively soluble and recoverable in heptane are emphasized.
Use of outpatient physical therapy services by people with musculoskeletal conditions.

Background and Purpose Because musculoskeletal conditions contribute to functional decline and activity limitation, physical therapy intervention may be an appropriate health care resource. The purpose of this research was to identify determinants of outpatient physical therapy use by people with musculoskeletal conditions. Subjects The subjects were adult noninstitutionalized civilians who participated in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 1996 to 2000 and who had at least one musculoskeletal condition (N=18,546). Methods Logistic regression was used to identify predisposing, need, and enabling variables associated with receiving outpatient physical therapy services. Results Factors that were positively associated with receiving physical therapy services were having more than one musculoskeletal condition, having some limitation in function, having 7 or more ICD-9 ( International Classification of Diseases , 9th Revision) codes, having a college or advanced degree, and residing in an urban area. Factors that were negatively associated with receiving physical therapy services were being older than 65 years of age, having no high school degree, Hispanic ethnicity, African-American race, having public insurance or no insurance, and living in any US census region besides the Northeast. Discussion and Conclusion The results of this study indicate that health- and non–health-related factors influence outpatient physical therapy use.
A review of large-area bilayer graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition

Bilayer graphene has attracted considerable attention due to its potential as a tunable band gap in AB-stacked bilayers. Recently, great advancements have been made in the synthesis of chemical-vapor-deposited bilayer graphene. This featured article provides a detailed and up-to-date review of the synthesis of bilayer graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We will discuss various approaches to synthesize bilayer graphene and the corresponding growth dynamics. Methods for identifying the growth mechanism of bilayer graphene on Cu enclosures are highlighted for a deeper understanding of better control over uniformity and thickness.
Using Populism to Engage Students in Critical Thinking.

How educators handle conflicting views of Populism is important in engaging students in critical thinking.
Neoplastic Transformation in C3H 10T½ Cells after Exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA and 847.74 MHz CDMA Radiations

Abstract Roti Roti, J. L., Malyapa, R. S., Bisht, K. S., Ahern, E. W., Moros, E. G., Pickard, W. F. and Straube, W. L. Neoplastic Transformation in C3H 10T½ Cells after Exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA and 847.74 MHz CDMA Radiations. The effect of radiofrequency (RF) radiation in the cellular phone communication range (835.62 MHz frequency division multiple access, FDMA; 847.74 MHz code division multiple access, CDMA) on neoplastic transformation frequency was measured using the in vitro C3H 10T½ cell transformation assay system. To determine if 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA radiations have any genotoxic effects that induce neoplastic transformation, C3H 10T½ cells were exposed at 37°C to either of the above radiations [each at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.6 W/kg] or sham-exposed at the same time for 7 days. After the culture medium was changed, the cultures were transferred to incubators and refed with fresh growth medium every 7 days. After 42 days, the cells were fixed and stained with Giemsa,...
Immunohistochemical Detection of Serotonin in the Small and Large Intestines of the Domestic Cat ( Felis catus L.) (Carnivora: Felidae)

Immunohistochemical detection of serotonin was performed in the small (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and large intestines (cecum, colon and rectum) of 20 (10 male and 10 female) 2-year old domestic cats ( Felis catus L.). In both organs, serotonin was observed to be reactive in the lining epithelium, enterochromaffin cells in the crypts of Lieburkuhn, smooth muscle fibers in the lamina propria, lamina muscularis mucosae and tunica muscularis, blood vessels in the lamina propria, tunica submucosa and serosa, Brunner’s glands in the duodenum, Meissner’s plexus in the tunica submucosa, myenteric plexus in the tunica muscularis and the lining epithelium of the tunica serosa. One main difference that has been observed is the absence of serotonin reactivity in the goblet cells. Presence of serotonin in the different segments of the intestines suggests that it can modulate the physiological processes of the intestines by exerting its effort on the different target cells. Key words: 5-hydroxytryptamine, cat, Felis catus , immunohistochemistry, large intestine, serotonin, small intestine
Virulence enhancing activities of aureomycin on Candida albicans.

Summary1. Candida suspensions are nonpathogenic, and aureomycin solutions nontoxic, when either of these alone is injected intraperitoneally into mice. The mixture of both is fatal. 2. A similar “drug-fungus” effect though less pronounced was observed when aureomycin was given from 24 hours before to 4 hours after Candida inoculation. Given 8 and 24 hours after infection aureomycin was ineffective. 3. The virulence enhancing activity of aureomycin was destroyed on standing at room temperature or by boiling, a parallel to its antibiotic activity. 4. No indication of toxin production or biological alteration of Candida was found in vitro. 5. No direct growth stimulating effect by aureomycin on Candida was observed in cultures. The action in vivo was one of lowering the animal's resistance.
Ethnogerontology: Preparing Culturally Competent Social Workers for the Diverse Facing of Aging

The aging population is becoming more ethnically diverse. This diversity will require more culturally competent social workers in the field of aging. To be successful in preparing the next generation of social workers, educators must consider introducing ethno-gerontology throughout the curriculum and not overly rely on a specialization or concentration in aging to close the gap. The article provides a history of ethnogerontology and presents its value in preparing culturally competent social workers. It also introduces theoretical frameworks within ethnogerontology. The author presents models to increase ethnogerontology content in the social work curriculum.
Detection of Intraneural Median Nerve Microvascularity Using Contrast-Enhanced Sonography A Pilot Study

OBJECTIVES Demonstrating vascularity within the human median nerve may be difficult using power Doppler sonography. To this end, a pilot study documenting contrast-enhanced vascularity of the median nerve was conducted. METHODS Patients undergoing contrast-enhanced transthoracic echocardiography were recruited for this study (n = 24). During echocardiography, a simultaneous contrast-enhanced sonographic examination of the median nerve was conducted. The study and study protocol were built from preclinical evidence. Image analysis was based on the power Doppler pixel intensity within a defined region of interest to obtain quantitative data representing the average pixel intensity, maximum pixel intensity, and power Doppler pixel dot count. Semiquantitative data representing the power Doppler dot count grading were also obtained. RESULTS Spearman correlations between analytical methods showed strong positive, statistically significant (P< .05) correlations between the average pixel intensity and maximum pixel intensity and between the power Doppler dot count and dot count grading. Statistically significant increases in the average pixel intensity and power Doppler dot count were seen at all but 1 time point throughout the contrast-enhanced sonographic examination when compared to precontrast administration. Statistically significant increases in the maximum pixel intensity were seen at all but 4 time points. CONCLUSIONS These pilot results represent early evidence that contrast-enhanced sonography can be used to image median nerve vascularity. In this convenience sample, median nerve contrast-enhanced sonographic data collection was feasible, safe, and consistent.
Survey on contamination by Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula made in China on Guangzhou market

Objective:To investigate the contamination state of the infant formula sold in Guangzhou by Enterobacter sakazakii.Methods:Isolation and culturing of Enterobacter sakazakii were performed on 111 samples of infant formula.Isolated strains were subject to identification by biochemical test,real-time PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility test.Results:6 isolates were identified as Enterobacter sakazakii(with the detection rate of 5.41%),including 3,1 and 2 strains isolated from infant formula with the source of cow milk,goat milk and rice,respectively,with the detection rate being 4.41%,11.11% and 5.88%,respectively.The resistance rate of the 6 isolates to cefalotin and Cefazolin was 100% and 66.67%,respectively.And these isolates were susceptible to other commonly used antibiotics.Conclusion:There exists contamination by Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula made in China on Guangzhou market and the potential risk of food contamination should be given due attention.
Suppressive therapy of chronic bronchial infections.

The studies of long-term antibiotic therapy reported in the literature are reviewed. The best clinical and bacteriologic results were obtained with 1 to 2 Gm. of tetracycline administered each day. Lesser degrees of improvement were reported when smaller doses were given, when the antibiotic was administered twice a week, or when therapy was given for a portion of the year only. Penicillin therapy was considerably less effective, erythromycin therapy appeared totally ineffective, and oleandomycin-penicillin therapy was more effective than penicillin but less so than tetracycline. Untoward reactions occurred in all regimens but, prOvided patients reported them promptly, were not serious. Tetracycline-resistant staphylococci appeared in the sputum of an occasional patient during therapy with that antibiotic but did not cause any complications, except possibly the development of pneumonia in 1 patient.
Nonsurgical Interventions for Peyronie's Disease: Update as of 2016.

Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a debilitating condition of the penis that leads to significant pain, erectile dysfunction, and emotional distress in men. PD is likely underreported due to lack of knowledge of the disease and the absence of well-established available treatments. Surgical treatment can lead to sustained improvements, but is often associated with penile shortening and places the patient at risk for perioperative morbidity. Nonsurgical management has been studied for several years as an alternative to surgery for men with PD. Currently, much of the data on nonsurgical management is conflicting, with only one treatment that has been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Significant effort has been devoted to advancing non-surgical treatments for PD that can be implemented outside of the operating room. This review aims to describe the research behind current nonsurgical therapies for PD and to highlight the recent advances that have been made within the last three years.
Die neuen V-Motoren von Volkswagen mit Doppelnockenwellenverstellung

Auf der Basis des seit 1999 gefertigten V6-Vierventilmotors mit 150 kW hat Volkswagen weitere Ausfuhrungen fur den Sharan / Alhambra / Galaxy und den Caravelle entwickelt. Sie leisten ebenfalls 150 kW und weisen ein neu entwickeltes Verstellsystem fur die Ein- und Auslassnockenwelle auf. Der Funfzylindermotor wurde ebenfalls auf Vierventiltechnik mit Doppelnockenwellenverstellung umgestellt. Die Nennleistung betragt 125 kW bei 6 200/min, das maximale Drehmoment 220 Nm bei 3 200/min. Der spezifische Kraftstoffverbrauch bei Teillast ist bis zu 7,2 % gegenuber dem Zweiventilmotor reduziert. Die Fahrzeuge erfullen die Abgasgesetzgebung nach EU4 / D4.
After precessation nicotine replacement therapy, abrupt cessation increases abstinence more than gradual cessation in smokers ready to quit

Commentary on: Lindson-Hawley N, Banting M, West R, et al. Gradual versus abrupt smoking cessation a randomized, controlled noninferiority trial gradual versus abrupt smoking cessation. Ann Intern Med 2016;164:585–92[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]. Most guidelines recommend abrupt smoking cessation; however, gradual cessation is common. Reducing cigarettes per day (CPD) with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) increases cessation among smokers who are not ready to quit.1 However, whether gradual reduction is effective for smokers who want to quit now is unclear.2 This randomised controlled trial compared gradual cessation (ie, reduction in CPD) with abrupt cessation among smokers ready to quit (N=697). The gradual-cessation group received 2 weeks of NRT patches, short-acting … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnn%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D164%26rft.spage%253D585%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7326%252FM14-2805%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26975007%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.7326/M14-2805&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=26975007&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F21%2F5%2F174.atom
The Paradox of Serious Fun

The chapter examines the concept of fun, specifically the contradiction that “serious” learning and positive affect, the fancy way of saying fun, are incompatible in and around the classroom. Despite the fact that pedagogies considered fun are often unique, highly interactive, and impactful; the fun descriptor is perceived as a badge of levity, thus limiting the useful application of otherwise effective educational approaches. This is a particular problem for those trying to help students develop their creative thinking identity and capacity, as well as those utilizing creativity to enhance learning. Lessons are drawn from research and practice on fun in work and educational settings, and numerous guidelines are provided for facilitating serious fun.
Three-dimensional graphene membrane cathode for high energy density rechargeable lithium-air batteries in ambient conditions

Lithium-air batteries have attracted significant interest for applications in high energy density mobile power supplies, yet there are considerable challenges to the development of rechargeable Li-air batteries with stable cycling performance under ambient conditions. Here we report a three-dimensional (3D) hydrophobic graphene membrane as a moisture-resistive cathode for high performance Li-air batteries. The 3D graphene membrane features a highly interconnected graphene network for efficient charge transport, a highly porous structure for efficient diffusion of oxygen and electrolyte ions, a large specific surface area for high capacity storage of the insulating discharge product, and a network of highly tortuous hydrophobic channels for O2/H2O selectivity. These channels facilitate O2 ingression while retarding moisture diffusion and ensure excellent charge/discharge cycling stability under ambient conditions. The membrane can thus enable robust Li-air batteries with exceptional performance, including a maximum cathode capacity that exceeds 5,700 mAh/g and excellent recharge cycling behavior (>2,000 cycles at 140 mAh/g, and >100 cycles at 1,400 mAh/g). The graphene membrane air cathode can deliver a lifetime capacity of 100,000–300,000 mAh/g, comparable to that of a typical lithium ion battery cathode. The stable operation of Li-air batteries with significantly improved single charge capacities and lifetime capacities comparable to those of Li-ion batteries may offer an attractive high energy density storage alternative for future mobile power supplies. These batteries may provide much longer battery lives and greatly reduced recharge frequency.
Review of Scydmaenus ( Geoscydmaenus ) of Madagascar (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae).

Two species of Scydmaenus ( Geoscydmaenus ) are known to occur in Madagascar, but original descriptions do not allow for unambiguous identification. Based on the type specimens and a recently collected additional material, Sc. isaloensis Franz and Sc. madagassicus Franz are redescribed. Several differences between these species listed by Franz had been misinterpreted; consequently species diagnoses are emended. Morphological structures of Geoscydmaenus are illustrated and discussed, and it is concluded that in future this taxon may be elevated to genus rank. However, as morphological structures of most subgenera of Scydmaenus remain exceptionally poorly studied and knowledge of character variability is scarce, it is too early to reclassify this large genus.
Initiation at School. A Sayula Popoluca Text

This text was recorded in 1956 by Gaudencio Her-nandez, a native speaker of Popoluca, a dialect of Zoque-Mixe, spoken in Sayula, Veracruz. Gaudencio was sev-enteen at the time of this recording and he relates here the very difficult and trying experience he went through in order to get started on his high school education.
Iran and Iraq

Wars have a way of defining and re-defining relations between countries. Walsh, however, suggests that it would be a mistake to view the Islamic Republic and Iraq solely through the prism of the 1980 and 2003 wars. This chapter briefly reviews relations between the two countries in the 1960s and 1970s. A quick look back makes evident that many of the problems that bedeviled relations between the Islamic Republic and Saddam Hussein’s Bathist regime pre-date Iran’s revolution. Walsh then turns his attention to the Iranian revolution, the 1980–1988 war, and the foreign policies of successive Iranian administrations from Rafsanjani to Rouhani. Recounting this chain of events serves as a reminder that while many elements of the Iran-Iraq relationship have persisted over decades, there are important variations as well.
Empowering Investors with Social Annotation When Saving for Retirement

Financial prospectuses, which are available to consumers who buy financial products, are intended to help inform decision-making. While prospectuses provide a wealth of information, they are complex and difficult to understand for the vast majority of their intended readers. To help non-experts make informed decisions, we investigated how social annotations with comparative statements embedded into online prospectuses influence users' decisions and perceptions about decisions. We recruited 31 pre-study users to annotate 10 retirement saving plan prospectuses. We then embedded these annotations in prospectuses provided to another set of 228 users (147 novices and 81 experts) in a 35-period retirement saving simulation. Novices benefited from exposure to social annotations, and were more likely to meet their retirement saving goals than those not exposed to annotations. Exposure to social annotations brought novices' performance level to that of experts, but at the same time, led them to lower perceived understanding of the prospectus.
Inhibition of Ice Recrystallization by Nylon-3 Polymers

Nontoxic cryoprotectants are needed for storage of tissues and food preservation. Frozen tissue is particularly susceptible to damage caused by formation of large ice crystals during the thawing process. The current practice of using 5 wt % DMSO for cryopreservation does not produce 100% cell viability post-thaw, at least in part because of DMSO toxicity that is manifested during the freezing and thawing stages of the process. Recently, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has shown promise in inhibiting ice recrystallization, an activity that is critical for cryoprotection. Inspired by this discovery, we have evaluated nylon-3 polymers for ice recrystallization inhibition activity and for toxicity toward mammalian cells. A survey of homo- and heteropolymers, with side chains bearing variable functionality, has identified new nylon-3 materials that display excellent ice recrystallization inhibition activity and low toxicity.