cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemo resistance mediated by micro RNAs in cancer

Jingfang Ju, Ph.D. is Co-Director of Translational Research Laboratory at Stony Brook University. He received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry/Molecular biology from University of Southern California and postdoctoral fellow at the Cancer Center of Yale University. His group was the first to discover that non-coding microRNAs are part of the p53 tumor suppressor network. Currently, he is focusing on elucidating the molecular mechanism of miRNA mediated cancer stem cell chemoresistance. His group made the initial systematic discovery that miRNA is stable in archival FFPE specimens (RNA, 2007); this has open the opportunity for miRNA based biomarker discovery. Chemo resistance mediated by micro RNAs in cancer
Exploiting Replication for Energy Efficiency of Heterogeneous Storage Systems

As a result of immense growth of digital data in the last decade, energy consumption has become an important issue in data storage systems. In the US alone, data centers were projected to consume $4 billion (40 TWh) yearly electricity in 2005. This cost had reached to $10 billion (100 TWh) in 2011, and expected to be around $20 billion (200 TWh) in 2016 by doubling itself every 5 years. In addition to the economic burden on companies and research institutions, these large scale data storage systems also have a negative impact on the environment. According to the EPA, generating 1 KWh of electricity in the US results in an average of 1.55 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions. Considering a projected 200 TWh energy requirement for 2016, energy-efficient data storage systems can have a huge economic and environmental impacts on society. This project exploits replication and heterogeneity existing in modern multi-disk storage systems and proposes an energy-efficient and performance-aware replica selection technique to reduce the energy consumption of data storage systems without negatively affecting their performance. Our proposed technique exploits the difference between active and idle energy consumption in heterogeneous disks holding the same replica and selects replicas by balancing energy and performance.
MTA3 Regulates Extravillous Trophoblast Invasion Through NuRD Complex

Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion is required for remodeling uterine tertiary arteries and placenta development during pregnancy. Compromised EVT invasion may contribute to the pathology of placenta-related diseases. Metastasis-associated protein 3 (MTA3) is one of the subunits of nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD) complex that represses transcription in a histone deacetylase-dependent manner. MTA3 is reported to be down-regulated in preeclamptic placentas, suggesting its potential role in EVT invasion. Here, we investigate the role of MTA3 in EVT invasion by studying its molecular mechanisms in EVT cells. First, we confirmed MTA3 expression in the EVT cells in human placenta using immunohistochemistry. We then used lentivirus-mediated MTA3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down MTA3 expression in EVT-derived HTR8/SVneo cells and found higher invasion capacity in MTA3 knockdown cells. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we showed higher expression of invasion-related genes matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and transcription factor Snail in MTA3 knockdown compared with control cells. Co-immunoprecipitation-Western blot assay showed the protein-protein interaction of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), a subunit of NuRD, with MTA3 in HTR8/SVneo cells. Co-immunoprecipitation-Mass spectrometry assay further identified 71 proteins interacting with MTA3, including NuRD subunits, heterochromatin proteins, epigenetics modifiers and transcription factors. This result not only indicated the involvement of NuRD complex in MTA3’s function, but also demonstrated the complicated multiple co-players in MTA3 and NuRD complex mediated transcription repression in EVT. In summary, our data demonstrates that MTA3 regulates EVT invasion and related gene expression via NuRD complex in EVT.
The Architecture of Political Spaces: Trolls, Digital Media, and Deweyan Democracy

The problem of trolls exemplifies the challenges of building democratic communities in the digital environment of social media. Distinguishing trolls from activists can be difficult; democratic theorists have yet to adequately address how to prevent the former while remaining open to the latter. In this article, I outline a theory of democratic politics that takes space as a central element in shaping democratic interactions. Using the work of John Dewey, I draw out two key characteristics of democratic space: boundedness and flexibility. Using these criteria, I then evaluate Kinja, Gawker Media's commenting platform, both before and after trolls attacked the site in 2014. I find that in altering its boundaries to successfully protect against trolls, Kinja introduced a new problem: a lack of flexibility that continues to affect the possibility for democratic discourse on the platform. I conclude by suggesting how this theory of democratic space might shape future research.
“Rayleigh’s Rotating Ring” 1

The Viewpoint column offers readers of The Mathematical Intelligencer the opportunity to write about any issue of interest to the international mathematical community. Disagreement and controversy are welcome. The views and opinions expressed here, however, are exclusively those of the author, The publisher and editor-in-chief do not endorse them or accept responsibility for them. Articles for Viewpoint should be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief, Marjorie Senechal.
Silicon timing response to different laser light

The purpose of the work was to measure pulse shape and timing response of the silicon under picosecond lasers light illumination. Timing response for different laser wavelengths, 405 nm, 635 nm and 1060 nm was a point of interest. The performed measurements could be useful for CMS HGCal upgrade
Varicella-Zoster Virus

Descriptions of the clinical entity varicella, also known as chickenpox, and of zoster, also known as shingles, were found in the writings of the ancient Greek physicians. The name varicella is a word that is a diminutive form of the word for variola, which refers to the viral disease smallpox. We recognize today that the relationship between these two diseases is more literary than medical, although both viral agents produce vesicular eruptions that present as exanthema and these lesions are somewhat similar in appearance. That the lesions of smallpox are often larger and more numerous than those of varicella no doubt contributed to the mistaken notion that the latter disease was a diminutive form of the former. There is, however, no significant physical, chemical, or antigenic relationship between the viral agents that produce these two diseases. How varicella also became known as chickenpox is unclear. This popular name for this disease unfortunately also suggests a relationship to smallpox. By contrast, zoster is derived from a Greek word which means belt or girdle, an obvious reference to the localized type of infection associated with the intercostal clinical manifestations of this disease.
First-order Partial Differential Equations

In this chapter we will discuss the first order linear partial differential equations, homogeneous and inhomogeneous. Partial differential equations of first order are used to model traffic flow on a crowded road, blood flow through an elastic-walled tube, shock waves and as special cases of the general theories of gas dynamics and hydraulics.
Case 1: Hemoptysis, Hypoxia, and Anemia in a 10-year-old Girl

1. Tony Tarchichi, MD* 2. Kathryn Lupo, MD* 1. *Diagnostic Referral Group, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA A 10-year-old premenarchal girl with a history of chromosome 16 short arm duplication, seizures, and global developmental delay is transferred to us from another hospital for evaluation of new-onset severe anemia, hypoxia, and hemoptysis. At an outside hospital, her heart rate was 140 beats/min, blood pressure was 160/80 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation level was 88% on room air (100% on nonrebreather oxygen supplementation), and she was afebrile. There was no obvious bleeding source on examination. Laboratory evaluation revealed a hemoglobin level of 6.4 g/dL (64 g/L) compared with 13.2 g/dL (132 g/L) 3 years earlier. Chest radiography revealed bilateral diffuse infiltrates. She was transferred to our hospital. On admission to our hospital, the patient’s mother reports that the patient is acting more aggressive than usual and appears pale. Two weeks before admission she had a brief episode of mild upper respiratory tract symptoms without fever. The review of systems is otherwise negative, including no history of weight loss, hematochezia, black tarry stool, epistaxis, bruising/bleeding, scleral icterus, jaundice, or hematuria. Vital signs on hospital admission are as follows: temperature, 98.8°F (37.1°C); heart rate, 98 to 137 beats/min; respiratory rate, 22 to 36 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 96 to 120/47 to 89 mm Hg. Her oxygen saturation level is 80% on room air and increases to 100% on 100% nonrebreather mask. She is not …
The Future of Sensing is Batteryless, Intermittent, and Awesome

Sensing has been obsessed with delivering on the "smart dust" vision outlined decades ago, where trillions of tiny invisible computers support daily life, infrastructure, and humanity in general. Batteries are the single greatest threat to this vision of a sustainable Internet of Things. They are expensive, bulky, hazardous, and wear out after a few years (even rechargeables). Replacing and disposing of billions or trillions of dead batteries per year would be expensive and irresponsible. By leaving the batteries behind and surviving off energy harvested from the environment, tiny intermittently powered computers can monitor objects in hard to reach places maintenance free for decades. The intermittent execution, constrained compute and energy resources, and unreliability of these devices creates new challenges for the sensing and embedded systems community. However, the rewards and potential impact across many fields are worth it, enabling currently impractical applications in health services and patient care, commercial and consumer applications, wildlife conservation, industrial and infrastructure management, even space exploration. This paper highlights major research questions and establishes new directions for the community to embrace and investigate.
Physical Examination for Men and Women With Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A MAPP (Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain) Network Study

Objective To examine the feasibility of implementing a standardized, clinically relevant genitourinary examination for both men and women, and to identify physical examination findings characteristic of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). Materials and Methods This study analyzed 2 samples: men and women with UCPPS who participated in the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network Epidemiology and Phenotyping (EP) Study, and age-matched controls who were either positive for chronic fatigue syndrome or healthy (pain-free). We compared physical examination findings in both positive and healthy controls with UCPPS cases: findings from both the EP examinations and from an extended genitourinary examination. Results EP and extended examinations were performed on 143 participants: 62 UCPPS cases (30 women, 32 men), 42 positive controls (15 women, 27 men), and 39 healthy controls (22 women, 17 men). EP examinations showed that pelvic floor tenderness was more prevalent in cases (55.0%) than in positive (14.6%) or healthy controls (10.5%). Extended examinations revealed specific areas of tenderness in the pelvic floor musculature. Cases were also more likely than healthy controls to report tenderness in multiple areas, including suprapubic, symphysis pubis, and posterior superior iliac spine, and on bimanual examination. No comparative findings were specific to biological sex, and no evidence of pudendal neuropathy was observed on extended examination of cases or controls. Conclusion The extended genitourinary examination is an easily administered addition to the assessment of men and women during evaluation for UCPPS. Physical findings may help to better categorize patients with UCPPS into clinically relevant subgroups for optimal treatment.
Utilizing Facebook and Automated Telephone Calls to Increase Adoption of a Local Smoke Alarm Installation Program

Context Innovative strategies are needed to improve the prevalence of working smoke alarms in homes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the effectiveness of Facebook advertising and automated telephone calls as population-level strategies to encourage an injury prevention behavior. Objective We examine the effectiveness of Facebook advertising and automated telephone calls as strategies to enroll individuals in Baltimore City's Fire Department's free smoke alarm installation program. Participants We directed our advertising efforts toward Facebook users eligible for the Baltimore City Fire Department's free smoke alarm installation program and all homes with a residential phone line included in Baltimore City's automated call system. Design The Facebook campaign targeted Baltimore City residents 18 years of age and older. In total, an estimated 300 000 Facebook users met the eligibility criteria. Facebook advertisements were delivered to users' desktop and mobile device newsfeeds. A prerecorded message was sent to all residential landlines listed in the city's automated call system. Results By the end of the campaign, the 3 advertisements generated 456 666 impressions reaching 130 264 Facebook users. Of the users reached, 4367 individuals (1.3%) clicked the advertisement. The automated call system included approximately 90 000 residential phone numbers. Participants attributed 25 smoke alarm installation requests to Facebook and 458 to the automated call. Conclusion Facebook advertisements are a novel approach to promoting smoke alarms and appear to be effective in exposing individuals to injury prevention messages. However, converting Facebook message recipients to users of a smoke alarm installation program occurred infrequently in this study. Residents who participated in the smoke alarm installation program were more likely to cite the automated call as the impetus for their participation. Additional research is needed to understand the circumstances and strategies to effectively use the social networking site as a tool to convert passive users into active participants.
Multiscale Modeling of Crack Growth in Polycrystals

Recent progress in macroscopic crack growth simulations allows us to attack arbitrary crack growth in complex three-dimensional structures [1]. One of the major deficiencies of the macroscopic description, however, is that it smears out the details of underlying polycrystalline material structure, which can play an important role in the fracture properties of metallic compounds. A polycrystalline metal is inherently inhomogeneous. In particular, the grain boundaries (GBs), which break the local crystalline order, are believed to be the favorable fracture paths in many engineering applications. We therefore need the ability to simulate intergranular crack grow in such a heterogeneous medium. Doing such simulations allow us to study the effects of texture (distribution of grain orientations) and grain geometry on the emerging macroscopic fracture properties. Because one of the key mechanisms at this length scale is the grain boundary (GB) decohesion, we expect the way GBs are modeled to be crucial. However, an accurate constitutive relation is hard to obtain from experimental measurements; this takes us to even lower scales, using atomistic simulations. One of our goals is to understand the effects of grain orientations and misorientations on the grain boundary properties at the atomic scale, and possibly the effects of different chemical compositions.
A comprehensive severity score for the morbidly adherent placenta: combining ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

Ultrasound (US) is the first-line imaging modality to assess the morbidly adherent placenta, but sensitivity and specificity are lacking. This investigation aims to improve diagnostic accuracy with a comprehensive score using clinical history, US, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women who received both transvaginal US and MRI with suspicion for morbidly adherent placenta between 2009 and 2016. US was scored with the following metrics: (i) previa, (ii) hypervascularity, (iii) loss of retroplacental clear space and (iv) lacunae. MRI was evaluated for (i) intraparenchymal vessels, (ii) abnormally dilated vessels, (iii) fibrin deposition, (iv) placental bulge and (v) bladder dome irregularity. Bayesian analysis was used to estimate the probability of morbidly adherent placenta for a given score. Diagnostic testing parameters were calculated. Among the 41 women with concerning imaging, histologically identified disease was confirmed in 16. The probability of morbidly adherent placenta increased with the score. At the highest US score, the probability of disease was 63.7%. With the highest MRI score, the probability of adherent placentation was 90.5%. Combining the US and MRI findings had a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 92%. A combined scoring system using MRI and US may accurately identify patients at risk for morbidity associated with morbidly adherent placenta.
Dietary Patterns Affect the Gut Microbiome—The Link to Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases

Clusters of bacterial species within the gut microenvironment, or gut enterotype, have been correlated with cardiometabolic disease risk. The metabolic products and metabolites that bacteria produce, such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and trimethylamine, may also affect the microbial community and disease risk. Diet has a direct impact on the gut microenvironment by providing substrates to and promoting the colonization of resident bacteria. To date, few dietary patterns have been evaluated for their effect on the gut microbiome, but the Mediterranean diet and Vegetarian diets have shown favorable effects for both the gut microbiome and cardiometabolic disease risk. This review examines the gut microbiome as a mediator between these dietary patterns and cardiometabolic disease risk.
Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and cleaving properties of photochemically activated phenanthrene dihydrodioxin

Abstract Dihydrodioxin compounds are formed upon visible light irradiation of a mixture of an ortho-quinone and a substituted alkene. The reverse photochemical reaction can result in the release of a highly reactive ortho-quinone that can induce oxidative DNA damage. A novel DNA binding and cleaving phenanthrene dihydrodioxin compound (1) was synthesized. The photochemical release of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone was studied under different light irradiation wavelengths. Interaction of 1 with DNA caused an increase in the viscosity of DNA as well as hypochromic effect and a bathochromic shift in the absorption of 1. These results indicated the intercalative mode of binding of 1 to DNA. Binding affinities of 1 to several DNA sequences were evaluated, and slightly preferential binding to AT-rich DNA oligomers was observed. Intercalation of 1 between CT-DNA base pairs induced a partial transition from B-form to Z-form of DNA. Significant stabilization of the DNA duplex was revealed by DNA optical melting experiments with 33 % GC 12-mer (∆Tm = 9 oC). ΦX174 photocleavage assay showed that 1 is capable of > 90 % single-strand DNA cleavage and ∼ 5 % of double-strand DNA breakage. Therefore, 1 further demonstrates the potential of masked orhto-quinones as efficient photoactivated DNA cleaving agents.
Comparison of Recruitment Strategies for Engaging Older Minority Adults: Results From Take Heart.

Background Few published studies report lessons learned for recruiting older adults from racial/ethnic minority, low SES communities for behavioral interventions. In this article, we describe recruitment processes and results for Take Heart, a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of an adapted heart disease self-management program for primarily African American, urban, low SES adults 50 years or older living in Detroit. Methods Older adults were recruited via community-based (CB), electronic medical record (EMR), and in-person hospital clinic (HC) methods. Recruitment processes, demographic characteristics of enrolled participants, yield and cost, lessons learned, and best practices for each method are described. Results Within 22 months, 1,478 potential participants were identified, 1,223 were contacted and 453 enrolled, resulting in an overall recruitment yield of 37%. The CB method had the highest yield at 49%, followed by HC at 36% and EMR at 16%. Of six CB approaches, information sessions and flyers had the highest yields at 60% and 59%, respectively. The average cost of recruiting and enrolling one participant was $142. Conclusions CB, EMR, and HC methods each made important contributions to reaching our recruitment goal. The CB method resulted in the highest recruitment yield, while EMR had the lowest. Face-to-face interaction with community members and hiring a community health worker were particularly useful in engaging this population. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in urban, minority, low SES populations of older adults.
Does Getting Health Insurance Affect Women's Fertility? Evidence from the United Mine Workers' Health Insurance

Does health insurance affect fertility decisions? Fertility may increase if insurance lowers the costs of having a child. Fertility may decrease if children are more likely to survive into adulthood (quality-quantity tradeoff). We study a largely permanent United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) insurance program. A large group of women of childbearing age gained pregnancy coverage for the first time. The insurance also covered children. We use a trend break specification with county-level variation in insurance. We find new evidence of the quality-quantity tradeoff. Fertility rates declined by about one percent per year in counties with average levels of insurance.
Innovative Practice Outside of Medical Institutions.

When is it ethically appropriate to make an emerging therapeutic technique or treatment available to the public outside of a research protocol? Earl (2019) proposes a “dual deviation model” whereby...
Travel-time uncertainty, departure time choice, and the cost of morning commutes

Existing models of the commuting time-of-day choice are extended in order to analyze the effect of uncertain travel times. Travel time includes a time-varying congestion component and a random element specified by a probability distribution. Results from the uniform and exponential probability distributions are compared and the optimal "head start" time that the commuter chooses to account for travel time variability, i.e., a safety margin that determines the probability of arriving late for work, is derived. The model includes a one-time lateness penalty for arriving late as well as the per minute penalties for early and late arrival that other investigators have included. It also generalizes earlier work by accounting for the time variation in the predictable component of congestion, which interacts with uncertainty in interesting ways. A brief numerical analysis of the model reveals that uncertainty can account for a large proportion of the costs of the morning commute.
Morphometry, size at maturity, and fecundity of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis)

Abstract Morphometric ratios, relationships and condition factors provide information regarding growth patterns, population dynamics and well-being of individuals in particular environments. Ecology of any species is then better understandable through life history traits and reproductive potential. The present study is aimed at exploring the morphometric and reproductive patterns of the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish, Procambarus virginalis. Marbled crayfish exhibited positive allometric growth and statistically significant common length–weight relationships. Abdomen width, claw length, width, and height increase significantly faster than the chosen most robust body size parameter, postorbital carapace length (POCL). Conversely, total length, carapace length, carapace width, and abdomen length grow proportionally slower than POCL. The condition factor was higher than the threshold value of ∼1 indicating the well-being of the crayfish used. Marbled crayfish, at their first reproduction, were recorded as long as 42.8 ± 10.8 (31.5–73.5) mm total length with a mean fecundity of 89.72 ± 56.9 (22–349) eggs. The relative fecundity (per 1 mm of POCL) of females reproducing for the first time was significantly lower compared to those reproducing repeatedly. Fecundity and relative fecundity exhibited a significant linear relationship with the carapace length and weight of mothers. As a tool for total fecundity estimation, the number of eggs on the third pair of pleopods was counted and plotted against size of mothers, and total fecundity. The number of eggs attached to the third pair of pleopods very closely correlates with the carapace length, weight and total fecundity. Based on our results, it can be concluded that abdomen width and claw growth is allometric compared to POCL which confirms the importance of these body parts. Fecundity parameters were confirmed to have a tight relationship to marbled crayfish size. Clutch size estimation can be used in future research based on the close correlation of egg counts on third pleopods and total fecundity.
Effect of Tropical Nonconvective Condensation on Uncertainty in Modeled Projections of Rainfall

AbstractWe find that part of the uncertainty in the amplitude and pattern of the modeled precipitation response to CO2 forcing traces to tropical condensation not directly involved with parameteriz...
N. R. C. MONOCOMPARATOR

In view of the increasing importance of monocular measurements and the corresponding demand for a precise monocular comparator, an instrument with the novel idea of a multiple measuring mark was or...
CDKN1B Deletions are Associated with Metastasis in African American Men with Clinically Localized, Surgically Treated Prostate Cancer

Purpose: The potential biological determinants of aggressive prostate cancer in African American (AA) men are unknown. Here we characterize prostate cancer genomic alterations in the largest cohort to date of AA men with clinical follow-up for metastasis, with the aim to elucidate the key molecular drivers associated with poor prognosis in this population. Experimental Design: Targeted sequencing was retrospectively performed on 205 prostate tumors from AA men treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) to examine somatic genomic alterations and percent of the genome with copy-number alterations (PGA). Cox proportional hazards analyses assessed the association of genomic alterations with risk of metastasis. Results: At RP, 71% (145/205) of patients had grade group ≥3 disease, and 49% (99/202) were non–organ confined. The median PGA was 3.7% (IQR = 0.9%–9.4%) and differed by pathologic grade (P Conclusions: Overall, PGA, somatic TP53 mutations, and a novel finding of deep deletions in CDKN1B were associated with poor prognosis in AA men. These findings require confirmation in additional AA cohorts.
Equipment for Breast Ultrasound

The guiding principle in interventional breast ultrasound (US) is that the target lesion must be distinctly visualized on sonograms prior to any US-guided procedure. A good US scanner, an experienced operator, and a meticulous examination technique are prerequisites for high-quality pre- and intraprocedural US examinations of the breast. High-end US scanners are now bundled with a growing number of features, some of which not only are unnecessary for breast imaging and US-guided procedures but also may negatively impact image quality. The equipment needed for breast US is described, and a distinction is made between useful image-processing techniques and those that are useless or even detrimental.
Hyperfine Structure of Ge 73 in the P 1 3 and P 2 3 Atomic States and the Nuclear Magnetic Dipole Moment of Ge 71

The hyperfine-structure constants of ${\mathrm{Ge}}^{73}$ in the $^{3}P_{1}$ and $^{3}P_{2}$ atomic states of the $3{p}^{2}$ electronic configuration have been measured with the atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method. The values of the magnetic dipole hyperfine-interaction constant $a$ are 15.5480(18) Mc/sec and -64.4270(7) Mc/sec, respectively, for the $^{3}P_{1}$ and $^{3}P_{2}$ states. The nuclear electric quadrupole interaction constants $b$ are -54.566(9) Mc/sec and +111.825(13) Mc/sec, respectively, for these two states. On the basis of these measurements of $a$, the known spin and nuclear magnetic dipole moment of ${\mathrm{Ge}}^{73}$ and the measured spin and $a$ factors of ${\mathrm{Ge}}^{71}$, the nuclear magnetic dipole moment of ${\mathrm{Ge}}^{71}$ can be calculated. It is $\ensuremath{\mu}=0.546(5)$ nm.
Research Computing Infrastructure and Researcher Engagement: Notes from Neuroscience

The advent of the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute (Zuckerman Institute) at Columbia University over a decade ago presented the opportunity to design a discipline-focused Research Computing (RC) group allowing for close collaboration with a relatively fixed number of neuroscience laboratories to enhance discovery. Experiences and observations related to customizing Zuckerman computing infrastructure, creating “task-based” services and systems, and engaging with researchers in our Institute are shared to inform others about establishing discipline-focused research computing teams. Case studies related to providing a GPU cluster service tailored to Institute needs and the evolution of infrastructure choices to hybrid designs allowing bursting to vendor-provided cloud services are reviewed. Future directions involving research software engineering and sharing whole data analysis pipelines are noted.
Twenty-One Years of Health Education: Author, Editor, and Content Trends

Abstract A professional Journal mirrors directions taken by a professional association and particularly the type of scholarship and research activity of academics who comprise it. Following 21 years of publication of Health Education (formerly School Health Review), and as the Journal took on a new name and somewhat refocused editorial direction beginning with volume 22, 1991, it seemed appropriate to examine several of the Journal's demographics including authorship patterns, editorial contributions, and content trends. This article summarizes changing and emerging patterns over the 21-year period of publication and highlights directions charted for the immediate future for the Journal of Health Education. Collectively, this analysis should provide an historical perspective of value to all health education professionals represented by the Association for the Advancement of Health Education (AAHE).
Wood construction more strongly shapes deadwood microbial communities than spatial location over 5 years of decay

Diverse communities of fungi and bacteria in deadwood mediate wood decay. While rates of decomposition vary greatly among woody species and spatially distinct habitats, the relative importance of these factors in structuring microbial communities and whether these shift over time remains largely unknown. We characterized fungal and bacterial diversity within pieces of deadwood that experienced 6.3–98.8% mass loss while decaying in common garden ‘rotplots’ in a temperate oak‐hickory forest in the Ozark Highlands, MO, USA. Communities were isolated from 21 woody species that had been decomposing for 1–5 years in spatially distinct habitats at the landscape scale (top and bottom of watersheds) and within stems (top and bottom of stems). Microbial community structure varied more strongly with wood traits than with spatial locations, mirroring the relative role of these factors on decay rates on the same pieces of wood even after 5 years. Co‐occurring fungal and bacterial communities persistently influenced one another independently from their shared environmental conditions. However, the relative influence of wood construction versus spatial locations differed between fungi and bacteria, suggesting that life history characteristics of these clades structure diversity differently across space and time in decomposing wood.
Consistency of EEG asymmetry patterns in infants of depressed mothers

We evaluated frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry across multiple contexts as an index of a general affective response predisposition in 12-month-old infants whose mothers were at elevated risk for perinatal depression due to their mother's history of depression. We further examined mothers' prenatal, postnatal, and concurrent depressive symptom levels in relation to infants' frontal EEG asymmetry consistency. Mothers (n = 132) with a history of depression prior to pregnancy completed depressive symptom scales repeatedly during pregnancy and the first year postpartum. Their 12-month-old infants' frontal EEG asymmetry was recorded across five contexts (baseline/bubbles, peek-a-boo, play, feeding, and distract). Frontal EEG asymmetries showed small to moderate correlations across contexts. Mothers' prenatal depression symptom levels (not postnatal or concurrent) were associated with infants having consistent right, rather than left, frontal EEG asymmetry, even after controlling for infants' observed affect. These findings demonstrate the consistency of EEG asymmetry scores across contexts in 12-month-old infants at risk for the development of psychopathology, providing support for relative right frontal EEG asymmetry as a trait marker of vulnerability to depression. Findings also suggest the importance of mothers' prenatal, rather than postnatal or concurrent depression, in predicting infants' consistent patterns of relative right frontal EEG asymmetry across contexts.
Applying the mean free-path length model to juvenile Chinook salmon migrating in the Sacramento River, California

Population vital rates, such as stage-specific survival, are influenced by individual behavior and movement patterns. Yet few methods exist to incorporate behavior into predator-prey models, omitting a potentially important source of variability in population dynamics. Here were combine results from an acoustic telemetry study of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with an existing predator prey model, called the mean free-path length model, originally presented in Anderson et al. (2005). The model describes the probability of predator-prey encounters as a function of the predator density and the movement patterns of predators and prey. Greater predator densities and greater variation in movement vectors should result in higher predator-prey encounter rates, and lower survival for the prey. Fitting this model to data provides insight into mechanisms of mortality for migrating fishes. Here we estimate model parameters for two flow conditions in the Sacramento River, California, examining the importance of natural environmental variation in shaping encounters and prey survival. Survival estimates were similar between the high and low flow conditions, yet travel time was slower at lower flows. The model estimates of mean free-path length were lower when compared to those estimated in the Snake River system, corresponding with lower survival. We discuss the value of model parameters estimated from telemetry data in providing a tool for forecasting population-level responses to structural or hydrodynamic modifications in large river systems, and we explore how the XT model can provide insight into nonlinear and threshold-like responses of migratory fish survival to flow.
Sensation seeking and adolescent e-cigarette use

Background: A growing health concern is e-cigarette use among adolescents. Several correlates of this behavior have been elucidated, but few studies have examined whether sensation seeking is assoc...
A Study of the Extent and Potential Causes of Alternative Employment Arrangements

The notion of regular, full-time employment as one of the defining features of the U.S. economy has been called into question in recent years by the apparent growth of alternative or "nonstandard" arrangements - part-time work, temporary help, independent contracting, and other arrangements. Identifying the extent of these arrangements, whether they are increasing, and where they occur is the first step for understanding their implications for the economy and the society. But this has been difficult to do because of the lack of appropriate data. We present estimates of the extent of these practices based on a national probability sample of U.S. establishments, evidence on changes in their use over time, and analyses that help us begin to understand why they are used.
Using machine learning to identify diabetes patients with canagliflozin prescriptions at high-risk of lower extremity amputation using real-world data.

Aims Canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor indicated for lowering glucose, has been increasingly used in diabetes patients because of its beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. However, clinical trials have documented an increased risk of lower extremity amputations (LEA) associated with canagliflozin. We applied machine learning methods to predict LEA among diabetes patients treated with canagliflozin. Methods Using claims data from a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we identified 13 904 diabetes individuals initiating canagliflozin between April 2013 and December 2016. The samples were randomly and equally split into training and testing sets. We identified 41 predictor candidates using information from the year prior to canagliflozin initiation, and applied four machine learning approaches (elastic net, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [LASSO], gradient boosting machine and random forests) to predict LEA risk after canagliflozin initiation. Results The incidence rate of LEA was 0.57% over a median 1.5-year follow-up. LASSO produced the best prediction, yielding a C- statistic of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.86). Among individuals categorized in the top 5% of the risk score, the actual incidence rate of LEA was 3.74%. Among the 16 factors selected by LASSO, history of LEA [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 33.6 (13.8, 81.9)] and loop diuretic use [aOR: 3.6 (1.8,7.3)] had the strongest associations with LEA incidence. Conclusions Our machine learning model efficiently predicted the risk of LEA among diabetes patients undergoing canagliflozin treatment. The risk score may support optimized treatment decisions and thus improve health outcomes of diabetes patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
An Adaptive Fuzzy Modeling of Visual Attention in Real-world Interaction with Health Information System:

Bottom-up and top-down processes are the two mechanisms of visual attention allocation, which allow people to efficiently spot task-relevant stimuli from cluttered and noisy environments, while sta...
Descolonización del conocimiento y la práctica: un encuentro dialógico entre el programa de investigación sobre modernidad/colonialidad/decolonialidad latinoamericanas y la teoría actor-red

Resumen es: El presente articulo busca establecer una conversacion entre dos novedosos marcos para el analisis critico de la modernidad: la teoria del actor-red y l...
Use of Neutron Activation Analysis to Determine Arsenic and Antimony Concentrations in Creosote Bushes Collected Near a Lead Smelter in El Paso, Texas

El Paso, Texas continues to be a city with environmental concerns particularly for air quality. Both the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Center have major programs to monitor the unusually high concentration of airborne particles that affect the general population. El Paso, being a border city is also affected by trans border air pollution. One research area that has seen increased visibility involves those industries that can adversely affect both air and soil. Smelters are a prime example of this emissions phenomenon. Typically in the smelting process, arsenic is a natural byproduct of ore processing to extract lead and copper. While processing these ores, arsenic as well as lead, copper, and other elements gain access to the environment through air deposition. Therefore, in areas near smelter activity, arsenic and other heavy metals emissions, can be found and can be a potential serious health concern. Recently the United Nations has proclaimed that as many as 45 million people living in Bangladesh may be at serious health risk from natural contamination of aquifers from arsenic. There have been many published data on elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soil resulting from smelter activities.1–4 Migration of lead from shotgun pellets to humus and plant species at a firing range has also been studied.5 It has been found that some soils adjacent to a lead smelter in El Paso, Texas possess lead and copper concentrations as high as 5,067 mg/kg (parts per million) and 4,955 mg/kg, respectively.6 These concentrations are at least one order of magnitude higher than naturally occurring levels. At present, there are no data reported on the distribution of arsenic concentrations in this area and no information on the uptake of arsenic and antimony by native vegetation. Vegetation may also be an ideal mechanism to bio-remediate soil and can be a natural and inexpensive way to clean up contaminated sites. Therefore, a preliminary investigation into the distribution of the arsenic, its depth in the soil as well as its potential for vegetation uptake would be of great environmental and remediation value. As well, it is known that antimony is a hardener used in lead processing and its determination would also be of value. We report herein the use of neutron activation analysis to determine arsenic and antimony concentrations in creosote bushes and soil samples.
Justifying Limitations on the 'Right' to Exclude Non-Citizens

How should citizens and their government respond when non-citizens continue to migrate, settle, and integrate into communities after they withdraw authorization to do so? Nearly every political community responds to this question in part by limiting the scope of their obligations to existing members, and restricting access to membership and a share of the community’s resources to non-citizens. But what are the normative reasons for doing so? What account of membership in the community, beyond mere legal status, justifies a limited and bounded community of claims and obligations? In keeping with the focus of this year’s meeting on representation and renewal, it is important to consider whether the interests of all members of society are reflected in a polity’s decisions to distribute scarce resources including immigration benefits. In this paper, I will develop the ideal of civic membership and obligation as rooted in relationships of reciprocity between the duties and contributions of citizens, and the entitlement to make claims on other members of society and the state. I will incorporate other features of civic membership, such as consent and identity. But the features of civic membership, defined in these ways, are not limited to citizens alone. As I develop the ideal of civic membership as reciprocity, I contend that non-citizens can contribute in ways that benefit their host societies, and that are associated with the highest forms of civic service in that particular community. This increases the burden of justification for defenses of immigration and nationality regulation and enforcement regimes that do not make provisions for recognizing the service of non-citizens to the community as the basis for a claim to inclusion within the political community. But boundaries on the community’s membership and the state’s obligations are still necessary to preserve the community’s identity and the contributions that it values; including its ability to recognize and reward contributions through the distribution of its resources.
Fluctuation Conductivity of Superconductors

In the noncritical region above the superconducting transition two qualitatively different subregions may be distinguished: (1) \( \overset{\wedge }{\mathop{\Delta }}\, \) τ s « ħ and (2) \( \overset{\wedge }{\mathop{\Delta }}\, \) τ s » ħ,where \( \overset{\wedge }{\mathop{\Delta }}\, \) is an effective gap and τ s ∝ (T — T c )−1 is the relaxation time of a fluctuation. In region 1 fluctuations manifest themselves mainly by their effect on normal-state processes, while in region 2 the contribution of transient superconducting regions is dominant. Results for the conductivity of samples with differing restricted dimensionality are compared with experiment.
Frontier Migration and the built Environment in Southwestern Campeche

espanolFrecuentemente, los arqueologos examinan los estilos arquitectonicos para dilucidar la migracion y los patrones de interaccion cultural entre grupos mayas en la peninsula de Yucatan. En este articulo, se examinan las bases de esta afirmacion mediante la aplicacion del marco analitico de Michael Schiffer (2002), para estudiar la distincion tecnologica, a nuestros datos etnoarqueologicos procedentes del pueblo de Silvituc en el suroeste de Campeche. Despues de la Guerra de Castas y la Revolucion Mexicana, la disponibilidad de terrenos agricolas y las oportunidades para conseguir trabajo en las empresas chicleras y madereras atrajeron a mucha gente a la frontera nueva. Este estudio explora las relaciones entre la migracion interna, la formacion de comunidades multietnicas, los estilos arquitectonicos, la introduccion de nuevas tecnologias y el diseno espacial de comunidades para explicar la creacion de un estilo fronterizo dentro de una comunidad maya de esta region. EnglishArchaeologists frequently examine architectural styles to detect migration and cultural interaction among Maya groups on the Yucatan peninsula. In this paper we examine the basis of this assumption by applying Michael Schiffer's (2002) framework for studying technological differentiation to the results of our ethnoarchaeological investigation of 20th century Maya vernacular architecture in the village of Silvituc, southwestern Campeche. In the wake of the Caste War and the Mexican Revolution, the availability of agricultural land and employment opportunities in the chicle and lumber industries attracted many people to a new frontier. This study explores the relationships among migration, the formation of multiethnic communities, introduction of new technologies, town planning, and architectural styles to account for the genesis of a distinctive 'frontier' style within a Maya community in this region.
Measuring conflict in evidence theory

The Shannon entropy measures conflict in probabilistic evidence. The evidence theory also presents information that is inherently conflicting. Uncertainty measures for conflict in the evidence theory include aggregate uncertainty, dissonance, confusion, discord, granularity and strife. This paper compares and critiques the properties of these measures.