cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kant’s Regulative Ideas and the ‘Objectivity’ of Reason

Any interpretation of Kant’s regulative ideas is beset with the problem of the apparently ambivalent views that Kant seemed to hold concerning those ideas. On the one hand, they are said to have a positive and objective function in the determinate knowledge of possible objects.1 Nevertheless, Kant maintains a rigid dichotomy between the constitutive concepts of understanding and the regulative ideas of reason. He tells us that the ideas direct understanding toward imaginary focal points (B 672) and that they are ‘heuristic fictions’.2 Due to the necessary time limitations, I shall offer here only a schematic summary of a two-part argument, both of which parts converge to show why Kant’s two views are not contradictory. Expressing this thesis in its strongest possible terms, we could say that the ideas are indeed subjective fictions and yet are manifestations of a regulative function of reason that enters into and conditions all our knowledge of objects, though not in the same way as do the categories of understanding.
Pediatric Supratentorial Ganglioneuroblastoma: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background Pediatric cerebral ganglioneuroblastoma is an exceedingly rare tumor. Case Description We describe the case of a 4-year-old boy with sudden mental status decline who was found to have a large intracranial lesion with intraventricular extension. Conclusion Management of the case and pathologic findings are discussed, along with a review of the literature on this rare entity.
Nucleation and growth of oriented metal-organic framework thin films on thermal SiO2 surface

Abstract Assembly of metal-organic framework (MOF) thin-films with well-ordered growth directions enables many practical applications and is likely part of the future of functional nanomaterials. Insights into the formation pathway of the MOF thin films would allow better control over the growth directions and possibly the amount of guest molecules absorbed into the MOF pores. Here, we investigate the nucleation and growth of oriented Cu3(BTC)2∙xH2O MOF (HKUST-1, BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) thin films on the thermal SiO2 surface using a room temperature stepwise layer-by-layer (LBL) method. Initial stages of LBL growth were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis in order to understand nucleation and growth kinetics. HKUST-1 thin films with preferred growth along the [111] direction on the thermal SiO2 surface were obtained in the absence of not only a gold substrate, but also organic-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). It is found that the formation of HKUST-1 is initiated by deposition of copper acetate on the thermal SiO2 surface followed by ligand exchange between coordinated acetate from the copper precursor and the BTC ligands. As the LBL growth cycle is increased, HKUST-1 crystals on the thermal SiO2 surfaces are continuously forming and growing and finally the crystallites coalesce into a continuous film. Highly oriented HKUST-1 thin films on thermal SiO2 surface with complete surface coverage and ~90 nm thickness were obtained at ~80 cycles of LBL growth under the conditions used in this study.
Annotated and Illustrated Bibliography

This bibliography contains 450 references, most of which are not cited in Chapters 1 and 2, and 92 illustrations. We included illustrations because properly selected illustrations convey far more of the spirit and/or content of the author’s work than his words alone.
Biographical Note of Chadwick F. Alger: Introduction to the Selected Texts

I have been Mershon Professor of Political Science and Public Policy Emeritus at Ohio State University since 1971 (box 1.1). During my academic career, I have served as Secretary General of the International Peace Research Association (IPRA), and President of the International Studies Association (ISA) (Photo 1.1). In 2012 the International Organization Section of ISA honored me with its Distinguished Scholar Award. Over a number of years I spent many months at the UN New York City Headquarters, observing meetings of the General Assembly and the Security Council, and meeting with and interviewing representatives of member States and the Secretariat. I also spent a year at UN Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. I have also spent time at UNESCO in Paris, and at UN agencies in Vienna.
Epidermis, Dermis and Appendages

The avian integument is uniquely characterized by the presence of feathers, whose distribution, structure and development have been reviewed recently on a comparative basis by Lucas and Stettenheim (1972). Brush (1974, 1975, 1980) and Brush and Wyld (1982) have used the biochemical composition of feathers in comparative and evolutionary studies of several bird species. In general, the body of most birds appears covered by feathers with obvious naked areas restricted to the feet, beak, comb and wattle. However, as discussed by Lucas and Stettenheim (1972) and Stettenheim (1972) feathers occur in tracts (pterylae) on most birds, which are separated by naked regions of skin known as apteria. The apteria may exist within individual feather tracts as the naked skin between feathers or between pterylae. In the developing chicken skin, Sengel (1976) distinguished two types of apteric regions; one which is entirely devoid of feathers (for example, the midventral apterium) and one which develops a few loosely distributed down feathers (for example, the apterium between the breast and ventral pterylae). This distinction is of importance in developmental studies where one is interested in the control of appendage formation. In a later section we will discuss some of the more recent findings on the development and structure of feathers, with special reference to the localization of keratins with indirect immunofluorescence, using non-cross-reacting antisera to both α -and s-(feather) keratins.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Aggression among Elementary Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

Students with emotional or behavioral disorders (E/BD) often engage in challenging behaviors, including physical aggression. One intervention included in multicomponent programs for students with E...
Problems Associated with Coagulation Monitoring during Cardiovascular Surgery

Despite the success of cardiac surgery and the improvement of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) instruments, life-threatening bleeding after CPB remains a serious problem that necessitates transfusion of blood components in a high percentage of patients and sometimes requires re-exploration. The incidence of hemorrhage is 5% to 18% in patients who have undergone open-heart procedures (1-4). Many different disorders can occur in patients undergoing CPB; this complicates the identification of specific causes and often delays effective treatment. The modification of routine coagulation tests and the application of new methods of detecting and treating coagulation abnormalities are focused on the reduction of morbidity and mortality in CPB patients. Thromboelastography (TEG) has been utilized for guiding the therapy of postoperative hemorrhage in cardiac patients (5). A system for quantitative determination of heparin concentration is now commercially available, which may obviate the disadvantages of the routine activated clotting time (ACT) measurement. It has recently been reported that, because of the anticoagulation effects of aprotinin, the need for heparin can be reduced in patients given aprotinin (6).
Tracking Students' Inquiry Paths through Student Transition Analysis.

In the Science Assistment project (http://users.wpi.edu/~sci_assistments/) we provide students with rich and dynamic opportunities to engage in inquiry while researchers and teachers use performance data as assessment indices of scientific inquiry skills and domain knowledge. Activities in the Science Assistment Project follow a pedagogical model known as the inquiry cycle, namely, explore, hypothesize, experiment, and analyze. Figure 1 shows this cycle as a graph and the transitions that can be made between states. State “Comp” represents completion of the activity.
Membranous or membranous-like GN: A case report of massive proteinuria, positive serum with negative PLA2R on biopsy.

Sixty‐five‐year‐old male with nephrotic syndrome underwent renal biopsy which showed features of membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) on light and electron microscopy. He had positive serum anti‐PLA2R antibodies. Immunofluorescence revealed 2+ IgG4 and was negative for anti‐PLA2R. Membranous‐like glomerulonephritis was considered in differential along with membranous GN. Nephrotic syndrome is bread and butter for nephrology referral. It is defined as proteinuria >3.5 g/dL, edema, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperlipiduria. MGN is one of the major causes of nephrotic syndrome. Predominant immunoglobulin (Ig) G granular pattern is seen in MGN with subclass IgG4 in idiopathic and non‐IgG4 subclass is prevalent in secondary MGN.1 C1q is suggestive of secondary MGN.1 We present a case showing features of membranous nephropathy, such as thick basement membrane and spike formation but showed only weak deposition of immunoglobulins (Ig) in the setting of nephrotic syndrome with 14 g of proteinuria. Amount of proteinuria was massive and disproportionate to the strength of positivity of IgG on immunofluorescence (IF). Positive anti‐PLA2R antibodies though they were checked 3 weeks after being on treatment helped point toward primary MGN.
3-D Printed Parts for a Multilayer Phased Array Antenna System

In this work, a three-dimensional printable multilayer phased array system was designed to demonstrate the applicability of additive manufacturing for radio frequency (RF) systems. A hybrid process incorporating a thermal wire-mesh embedding method for conductors and thermoplastic material extrusion for dielectrics is employed. The designed phased array, operating at 3.5 GHz, consists of three functional layers: a 1-to-4 Wilkinson divider at the bottom, embedded voltage-controlled phase shifters at the center, and patch antennas on the top. Standalone parts of the proposed multilayer phased array were printed to verify the integrated dielectric-conductor printing process as well as the incorporation of active semiconductor devices at room temperature.
The academic reform of intercollegiate athletics: the good, the problematic, and the truly worrisome.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a response to Harrison’s (2012) work. The author highlights the positives associated with many of the academic reform efforts Harrison highlights (i.e., the good); addresses concerns about academic clustering, rewarding teams performing at high academic levels, and athletic administrators’ resistance to upset the status quo (i.e., the problematic); and the strong association between efforts for academic reform and large revenue streams found in men’s basketball and football (i.e., the truly worrisome). Recommendations and conclusions are advanced.
Chapter 4 – Principles of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicodynamics

Pharmacodynamics (PD) and toxicodynamics relate doses of an agent to the characteristics, quantity, and time course of its biological effect. Together with pharmacokinetic (PK) considerations, the mechanism of action is a key determinant of effect and toxicity. This chapter reviews the terminology, theory, and graphical representation of receptor occupancy by a drug/toxin (Scatchard, sigmoidal log–dose response), and then compares them with graded dose–effect relationships. A brief review of signal transduction mechanisms introduces a more detailed discussion of receptor agonism and antagonism using the reversible two-state receptor theory. Dynamic receptor phenomena leading to hyporeactivity and hyperreactivity are explained through signal transduction and other physiological mechanisms. Finally, methods of estimating drug selectivity and safety (therapeutic index) are summarized. The increasing importance of nonmonotonic dose–effect curves, such those characterized by endocrine disruption, is highlighted. Finally, principles of PK/PD modeling are outlined as a way of improving clinical trial design.
Regenerative Ranging for JPL Software-Defined Radios

Communications and navigation are fundamental to robotic spacecraft exploration. NASA spacecraft communicates via radio links with antennas in the deep space network (DSN) located in California, Australia, and Spain. Measurements of range between the DSN and spacecraft are an important and sometimes critical contribution to navigation. For a given pair of uplink and downlink carriers, ranging must generally be accompanied by telemetering, in order to allow for efficient use of spacecraft and ground resources. Regenerative ranging, which is compatible with the simultaneous presence of telemetry, is more efficient in the use of link power than is the current standard (nonregenerative) ranging. This improved efficiency arises because regenerative ranging replaces the wideband filter found in a nonregenerative transponder's ranging channel with a narrowband loop that tracks the range code, so the signal-to-noise ratio in the transponder's ranging channel is large and there is essentially no noise modulated onto the downlink carrier. This paper offers a comparison of pseudonoise (PN) regenerative ranging versus the nonregenerative method of ranging. This paper also describes the implementation of PN regenerative ranging on the Iris transponder, which is a low-power, 0.5U size, DSN-compatible, software-defined radio based on various JPL flight transponder designs. Iris is baselined to be used on 7 out of 13 of the CubeSats flying as secondary payloads on the Space Launch System Exploration Mission-1 launch of the Orion spacecraft.
CATA++: A Collaborative Dual Attentive Autoencoder Method for Recommending Scientific Articles

Matrix Factorization (MF) method is widely popular for personalized recommendations. However, the natural data sparsity problem limits its performance, where users generally only interact with a small fraction of available items. Accordingly, several hybrid models have been proposed recently to optimize MF performance by incorporating additional contextual information in the MF’s learning process. Although these models improved recommendation quality, there are two primary aspects for further enhancements: (1) multiple models focus only on some portion of the available contextual information and neglect other portions, and (2) learning the feature space of the contextual information needs to be further improved. Therefore, we introduce a Collaborative Dual Attentive Autoencoder (CATA++) method that utilizes an item’s content and learns its latent space via two parallel autoencoders. We employ the attention mechanism in the middle of our autoencoders to capture the most significant segments of contextual information, which leads to a better representation of the items in the latent space. Extensive experiments on three scientific-article datasets have shown that our dual-process learning strategy has significantly improved MF performance in comparison with other state-of-the-art MF-based models using various experimental evaluations. The source code of our method is available at: https://github.com/jianlin-cheng/CATA .
Scleral lens wear: Measuring inflammation in the fluid reservoir.

Abstract Purpose To measure inflammatory mediators in the scleral lens fluid reservoir (FR) in healthy eyes and to compare them to basal tear samples after 8-hs (8h) and 4-days (4d) of scleral lens (SL) wear. Methods Fifteen normal, habitual soft contact lens wearers were fitted with 14.8- or 15.4-mm SLs (Zenlens, Alden Optical, USA). Basal ocular surface tears and FR samples were collected after 8h and 4d of daily SL wear. Levels of interleukin (IL) -4 and -8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, -9, and -10, and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMPs) 1–4 were measured in all samples using Luminex assays. Visual acuity, corneal and conjunctival staining, and comfort assessments were completed at the baseline, 8h and 4d time points. Results MMP-9 and MMP-10 were greater in FR than basal ocular surface tears. After 8h of SL wear, the median concentration of MMP-9 in the FR and basal tears were 62.7 and 15.2 ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.047). Likewise, MMP-10 was significantly greater in FR compared to basal tears, after 8h (25.8 ng/mL vs 2.8 ng/mL, p Conclusions This is the first study to compare the FR with the basal ocular surface tears. MMP-9 and MMP-10 were elevated in the FR after several hours of SL wear, suggesting potential clinical implications of SL wear and deserves further investigation.
Coherent Jammer Mitigation with Target Signatures using LFM and Frank-coded Waveforms

This article presents a novel electronic protection (EP) technique against coherent jammer (CJ) or digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) that significantly reduces the false detection rate (FDR). CJs are electronic attack (EA) devices that receive and manipulate radar signals by adding time delay, Doppler shift, and gain before transmitting the signal back to the radar. The intention is clearly to produce false detections in the radar receiver. In this work, we utilize a new matched filter that mitigates emission from the coherent jammer. With the use of linear frequency modulation (LFM) and Frank-coded waveforms, simulations show that the technique reduces the FDR caused by CJs significantly.
Heartbeat: bathing daily is associated with a lower cardiovascular risk.

Lifestyle behaviours such as smoking, exercise and diet have received consideration attention as risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with lifestyle modification now serving as the foundation for primary prevention. Tub bathing is a potentially beneficial behaviour that has received less attention, possibly due to geographic and cultural variation in this behaviour. Japanese tub bathing, which typically involves sitting in hot water to shoulder depth, exposes the bather both to heat and to water pressure, which results in an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output with a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Ukai and colleagues1 investigated the association between tub bathing and long-term CVD risk in a study of over 30 000 participants without CVD at baseline who were then followed for 20 years1 . On multivariable analysis, the risk of total CVD was lower in those who bathed almost daily or daily compared with those who bathed two or fewer times per week (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.84, trend p<0.001) with similar trends for coronary artery disease and stroke risk (figure 1). Figure 1 Cumulative Kaplan-Meier curve for proportion of free from cardiovascular disease according to the frequency of tub bathing per week. In the accompanying editorial, Burden2 cautions that confounding variables may account for the observed associations, despite the author’s attempt to account for known differences between groups. In addition, the style of bathing in Japan, sitting with hot water to shoulder height, sadly is not available to most of us worldwide. Finally, the study …
Fluorescence quenching of various indoles by nickel complexes.

Abstract The interactions between two nickel complexes with the ligand N,N′-bis (2-pyridylmethylene)-1,3-diaminopropyl and the indoles melatonin, serotonin, tryptamine, and tryptophol were characterized using UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence of all the indoles were quenched in the presence of the complex with a hydroxyl group, indicating that hydrogen-bonding is a necessary interaction for quenching to occur. Various quenching parameters were determined using Stern-Volmer analysis and the quenching was determined to be of a mixed nature with high static quenching values (1011–1013 M−1). Additional analysis using the finite sink approximation indicated that the bimolecular reactions were not diffusion-limited and had high activation energies (135–199 kJ mol−1).
Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy: Targeted Left Inferior Parathyroidectomy

The approach to parathyroidectomy has changed since the early 1990s. Bilateral neck exploration with four gland identification was the initial surgical procedure for all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism [1]. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP), also referred to as targeted parathyroidectomy, has since been increasingly adopted as accurate methods for preoperative localization of pathological gland(s) and intraoperative confirmation of cure have been developed [2]. MIP can lead to reduced operative times, hospital stays, and costs [3].
Incidence and risk factors for pneumonitis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer: A single center experience.

e15089Background: Conventional treatments for advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) confer a progression-free survival of only about 6 months. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have b...
Establishing Reference Values for Temporal Kinematic Swallow Events Across the Lifespan in Healthy Community Dwelling Adults Using High-Resolution Cervical Auscultation

Few research studies have investigated temporal kinematic swallow events in healthy adults to establish normative reference values. Determining cutoffs for normal and disordered swallowing is vital for differentially diagnosing presbyphagia, variants of normal swallowing, and dysphagia; and for ensuring that different swallowing research laboratories produce consistent results in common measurements from different samples within the same population. High-resolution cervical auscultation (HRCA), a sensor-based dysphagia screening method, has accurately annotated temporal kinematic swallow events in patients with dysphagia, but hasn’t been used to annotate temporal kinematic swallow events in healthy adults to establish dysphagia screening cutoffs. This study aimed to determine: (1) Reference values for temporal kinematic swallow events, (2) Whether HRCA can annotate temporal kinematic swallow events in healthy adults. We hypothesized (1) Our reference values would align with a prior study; (2) HRCA would detect temporal kinematic swallow events as accurately as human judges. Trained judges completed temporal kinematic measurements on 659 swallows (N = 70 adults). Swallow reaction time and LVC duration weren’t different (p > 0.05) from a previously published historical cohort (114 swallows, N = 38 adults), while other temporal kinematic measurements were different (p < 0.05), suggesting a need for further standardization to feasibly pool data analyses across laboratories. HRCA signal features were used as input to machine learning algorithms and annotated UES opening (69.96% accuracy), UES closure (64.52% accuracy), LVC (52.56% accuracy), and LV re-opening (69.97% accuracy); providing preliminary evidence that HRCA can noninvasively and accurately annotate temporal kinematic measurements in healthy adults to determine dysphagia screening cutoffs.
Improving the Crashworthiness of Restraints for Handicapped Children

On montre ici que des sieges speciaux pour handicapes peuvent assurer le meme niveau de protection en cas d'accident que la protection fournie par les systemes de retenue classique pour enfants
Polygenic mutation in Drosophila melanogaster: genotype x environment interaction for spontaneous mutations affecting bristle number.

A highly inbred line of Drosophila melanogaster was subdivided into replicate sublines that were subsequently maintained independently with 10 pairs of parents per generation. The parents were randomly sampled for 19 ‘unselected’ sublines, and artificially selected for high or low abdominal or sternopleural bristle number for 12‘ selected’ sublines (with 3 replicate selection lines/trait/direction of selection). Divergence in mean bristle number among the unselected sublines, and response of the selected sublines to selection, are attributable to the accumulation of new mutations affecting bristle number. The input of mutational variance per generation, V M , can be estimated from the magnitude of response or divergence, assuming neutrality of mutations affecting the bristle traits. We reared unselected lines at generations 222 and 224, and selected lines at generations 182–184 of mutation accumulation at each of three temperatures (18 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C), and estimated the mutational variance common to all environments and the mutational variance from genotype × environment interaction. For sternopleural bristle number, the mutational interaction variance was 26% of the mutational variance common to all temperatures, and the interaction variance was due to temperature × line interaction. For abdominal bristle number, the mutational interaction variance was 142% of the mutational variance common to all temperatures, and the interaction variance was due to interactions of temperature × line, sex × line, and temperature × sex × line. It is possible that segregating variation for bristle number is maintained partly by genotype × environment interaction, but information on the fitness profiles of mutations affecting bristle number in each environment will be necessary to evaluate this hypothesis quantitatively.
The impact of psychiatric practice guidelines on medication costs and youth aggression in a juvenile justice residential treatment program

Objective:Stakeholders have expressed concern over the appropriate use of psychiatric medications and adequacy of mental health services for youths involved with the juvenile justice system. This study assessed the impact of implementing psychiatric practice guidelines on medication costs and youth aggression in a juvenile justice facility. The study examined whether implementing psychiatric practice guidelines in a facility with an organized psychosocial treatment program would reduce psychiatric medication costs, compared with two other facilities, and whether lower psychotropic medication costs would be associated with increases in youth aggression.Methods:Administrative data from three state-run juvenile justice facilities were analyzed to determine psychiatric medication costs and rates of youth aggression. Psychiatric practice guidelines that involved screening, shared decision making, psychosocial treatments, medication prescribing, and monitoring of side effects were implemented in only one of the...
Microwave Heating of Infant Formula: A Dilemma Resolved

Microwave heating of infant formula is a common practice despite concerns of infant scalding. Beyond the issue of physical safety, little is known about the effects on nutrient content of microwave heating of infant formula. Casein-predominant infant formula in 120- and 240-mL glass and plastic nursing bottles of varying colors were heated for 40 seconds and 60 seconds, respectively. Temperature profiling was monitored during the heating cycle. Analysis of riboflavin and vitamin C was made prior to and after heating. Topmost portions reached a mean temperature of 44.7 +/- 1.7 degrees C and 43.0 +/- 2.4 degrees C for all types of 240-mL and 120-mL bottles, respectively. Topmost temperatures were significantly hotter than temperatures reached at other sites. Routine mixing resulted in formula temperatures which could safely be fed to infants (35.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C and 33.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C for 240-mL and 120-mL bottles, respectively). There was no significant loss of either riboflavin or vitamin C. Protocols for microwave heating are given.
Signaling from germ cells mediated by the rhomboid homolog stet organizes encapsulation by somatic support cells

Germ cells normally differentiate in the context of encapsulating somatic cells. However, the mechanisms that set up the special relationship between germ cells and somatic support cells and the signals that mediate the crucial communications between the two cell types are poorly understood. We show that interactions between germ cells and somatic support cells in Drosophila depend on wild-type function of the stet gene. In males, stet acts in germ cells to allow their encapsulation by somatic cyst cells and is required for germ cell differentiation. In females, stet function allows inner sheath cells to enclose early germ cells correctly at the tip of the germarium. stet encodes a homolog of rhomboid, a component of the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ligand activation in the signaling cell. The stet mutant phenotype suggests that stet facilitates signaling from germ cells to the epidermal growth factor receptor on somatic cells, resulting in the encapsulation of germ cells by somatic support cells. The micro-environment provided by the surrounding somatic cells may, in turn, regulate differentiation of the germ cells they enclose.
Transfer of natalizumab into breast milk in a mother with multiple sclerosis

Natalizumab (Tysabri) is a recombinant humanized antibody to α4-integrin that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn disease. This is a case report of a 28-year-old woman with MS who was taking natalizumab (300 mg intravenously infused over 1 hour every 4 weeks) while breastfeeding her 11.5-month-old daughter 3 times a day. Breast milk samples were collected over a 50-day period after the patient's first drug infusion. The average concentration of natalizumab was 0.93 µg/mL/d, and the relative infant dose was 1.74% of the weight-adjusted maternal dose. Transfer of natalizumab into human milk increased over time and with subsequent injections, with the highest concentration of 2.83 µg/mL at day 50 with a relative infant dose of 5.3%. Because these data suggest continued accumulation of natalizumab in milk, and because we cannot provide an accurate assessment of levels of this drug at 24 weeks (steady state), we are unable to determine safety at this time.
Significance of vesicoureteral reflux in renal transplantation

Abstract Of 25 male patients with functioning renal allografts followed from three to one hundred two months, in 8 vesicoureteral reflux developed on micturating cystogram. Data were analyzed with regard to donor's age, pretransplant nephrectomy, postoperative urinary fistula, diabetes mellitus, incomplete bladder emptying, urinary tract infection, and degree of reflux. No correlation was found between these factors studied when compared with renal function and urinary tract infection.
Examining drinking consequences and reasons for drinking in a bilingual college sample

College drinking behavior is a national public health concern. However, little research has been conducted to test the psychometric validity and reliability of alcohol use measures among Spanish-speaking Hispanic college students. Adopting a translation-back-translation approach, the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI) was translated into Spanish and the Razones del Consumo de Alcohol (RCA), a newly created measure of one’s reasons for drinking, was developed in Spanish. Both measures were administered to 155 Spanish-speaking students at a university in the Southwestern United States. All translated measures demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability. Support for the construct validity of the translated RAPI measure was demonstrated as gender and RCA scores were predictive of RAPI scores in their expected directions [R2 = .438, F(2, 138) = 53.36, p = .000]. Acculturation was not significantly associated with RAPI scores nor did acculturation interact with RCA scores to enhance the predictabil...
A simple technique for duplication and enlargement of a frame of cineangiogram.

Abstract A simple, quick, and economical method for obtaining an enlargement of a frame of a cineangiogram is described. The enlargement can be performed while reviewing the angiograms, and no special equipment is required. Because the enlargements can be mounted on a view box in the operating room and referred to during operation, they aid the surgeon with orientation and help to increase his accuracy in identifying pathological lesions and selecting appropriate anastomotic sites.
A self-controlled study of the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on diabetic neuropathy

Abstract Ten patients with poorly controlled type I diabetes mellitus and a documented complication of their disease were observed during 6 months of conventional diabetic management followed by 6 months of insulin infusion pump treatment and homeblood glucose monitoring. Median nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was inversely correlated with the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level at entry into the study (r = 0.71; P
Dopaminergic interaction with the respiratory control system in the rat

Apomorphine given to rats lightly anesthetized with halothane produces a dose dependent increase in respiratory frequency and minute ventilation. Although basal arterial CO2 tensions were not significantly altered by apomorphine, the mechanical response to exogenous CO2 exposure was greatly increased in rats given apomorphine. Haloperidol returned the apomorphine-stimulated respiratory pattern to control values. It is concluded that dopamine neurons may have important interactions with respiratory control.
Protein synthesis initiation factor 2 from chicken reticulocytes: purification by affinity chromatography and preliminary characterization.

Abstract 1. 1. Affinity chromatography onβ,γ-methylene guanosine 5'-triphosphate-Sepharose was used to purify protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 from chicken reticulocytes. 2. 2. Gel filtration of the purified factor gave a molecular weight of 150,000, whereas electrophoresis of the purified factor on polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed three non-identical subunits with apparent molecular weight of 57,000, 41,000 and 33,000. 3. 3. With Met-tRNA and GTP, the factor formed a ternary complex which would bind the 40S ribosomal subunits. 4. 4. Treatment of the factor with N-ethylmaleimide resulted in a loss of activity. 5. 5. Two sulfhydryl groups per eIF-2 molecule were essential for activity.
Vascular Countercurrent Network for 3-D Triple-Layered Skin Structure with Radiation Heating

A mathematical model for skin burn injury induced by radiation heating, where the skin was considered to be a 3-D triple-layered structure with embedded three-level dendritic countercurrent vascular network, has been developed. Since there are up to seven levels of arteries and veins, the motivation of this study is to extend the model to a more complex case that considers a seven-level dendritic countercurrent vascular network, where the dimensions and blood flow of the blood vessels are determined based on the constructal theory of multi-scale tree-shaped heat exchangers. The method is illustrated by an example.
Bioavailability of vitamin E in rats fed diets containing pectin

Abstract Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed: o (1)a basal diet without supplemental vitamin E (-E) (2)a basal diet supplemented with 39 IU vitamin E/kg of diet ( + E) or (3)an E supplemented basal diet to which 10 percent citrus pectin was added (+E+P) The animals were studied over a 56 day period. Growth rate as measured by body weight was noticeably slower in the +E+P group as compared to both the -E and the +E groups. The final average body weight of the +E+P group was 28 percent less (P
The lifted beam

A slender elastic beam of uniform density and finite length is lifted by a vertical force. The problem is governed by the location of the lifting force and a nondimensional parameterK which is a measure of density and length to flexural rigidity. Linear analysis shows the beam bifurcates from the straight, upright configuration ifK is larger than a certain critical value. For large deformations the governing equations are integrated numerically to yield the maximum moment, force and displacements.
Interferometric Method for Measuring the Thermal Expansion of Small Samples of Optical Materials

An interferometric method has been developed to determine the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of optical materials that are available only in short sample lengths (1.5 cm or less). The method utilizes the simple fringe pattern resulting from a thin air wedge formed between two fused-quartz (fused-silica) optical flats; the top flat is supported by the sample by means of a fused-quartz screw. The expansion of the material is determined by relating its change of length to the measured change of fringe spacing, as temperature is changed. Three different techniques for controlling the temperature of the sample are discussed. Measurements have been made in the temperature range 0°–90°C for various optical materials: single crystals, polycrystals, and glasses.
Their Great Depression and Ours

It is broad conventional wisdom that a financial collapse in the early 1930s was the principal cause of the Great Depression. And those lessons are being applied in solving today's economic crisis. This historian argues that the causes were more fundamental and can be found in the poor wage performance before the Depression, leading to large profits in search of few investment opportunities.
The Incentive Effects of the Medicare Indirect Medical Education Policy

Abstract Medicare provided teaching hospitals with US$ 5.9 billion in supplemental graduate medical education (GME) payments in 1998. These payments distort input and output prices and provide teaching hospitals with incentives to hire residents, close beds, and admit more Medicare patients. The structure of the GME payment policy creates substantial variation in input and output prices between teaching hospitals. We examine the extent to which hospitals responded to these financial incentives using a panel data set of 3900 hospitals, including over 900 teaching hospitals. We find that teaching hospitals did hire residents and close beds in response to the Medicare policy, but did not increase Medicare admissions or alter their use of registered nurses (RNs).
The prevalence of ibuprofen-sensitive asthma in children: a randomized controlled bronchoprovocation challenge study

Objective To determine the prevalence of ibuprofen-sensitive asthma in school-aged children with mild or moderate persistent asthma. Study design A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover bronchoprovocation challenge study in children 6 to 18 years of age with mild or moderate persistent asthma. Patients received a single dose of ibuprofen or placebo, per randomization, and then returned 2 to 7 days later to repeat the procedures after taking that study drug not received at the first visit. At each visit, patients performed spirometry before and ½, 1, 2, and 4 hours after administration of study drug. We defined bronchospasm as a ≥20% decrease from baseline in the forced expired volume in the first second (FEV 1 ) and ibuprofen sensitivity as bronchospasm following administration of ibuprofen but not placebo. Results Of the 127 patients screened, 100 (mean age, 11 years) completed the study. Two patients met criteria for ibuprofen-sensitive asthma, resulting in a prevalence of 2% (95% CI: 0.2%-7%). Neither patient was known to have had any exposure to ibuprofen before the study. Conclusion The prevalence of ibuprofen-sensitive asthma was low but non-zero in this group of children with mild or moderate asthma. The possibility of ibuprofen-induced bronchospasm should be considered before administering ibuprofen to children with asthma.
Process of and problems in changing a birth defects registry reporting system.

Background: The New York State (NYS) Department of Health (DOH) Congenital Malformations Registry (CMR), which began operations in 1982, was developed after the Love Canal crisis. New York hospitals are mandated to report children under age 2 years in whom a congenital anomaly is diagnosed. The CMR has tried to maintain a quality birth defects registry by using identifiers; narrative for defects; and completeness and accuracy, balanced with timeliness. In recent years, the existence of the registry has been questioned, and the NYS DOH evaluated the CMR to streamline it and to reduce the reporting burden on the hospitals. Methods: Because NYS hospitals were already required to submit hospital discharge data through the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), the CMR used this system as an alternative method for reporting. Results: The evaluation indicated that the CMR, SPARCS, and hospital systems needed to be modified. Modifications needed to maintain registry quality were the most difficult. CMR staff worked closely with hospital personnel on all modifications so they would understand the reasons for the modifications. The changes were more global than originally anticipated, involving large national software vendors. Conclusions: The transition is ongoing. Additional work will be needed to verify data quality. Some of the modification will affect national software vendors and may be useful for other birth defects registries. Teratology 64:S30 ‐S36, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparison of a diplopia questionnaire to the Goldmann diplopia field.

Purpose To compare diplopia scores obtained with a new diplopia questionnaire to the established Goldmann diplopia field. Methods Seventy-five consecutive patients with binocular diplopia associated with any type of strabismus were assessed with the diplopia questionnaire and the Goldmann perimeter. Diplopia was scored, according to published protocols, from 0 to 100, where 0 is no diplopia and 100 is diplopia in all measured positions. Where there was a discrepancy of more than 20 points between the Goldmann diplopia field and the diplopia questionnaire, two observers classified the reasons for the discrepancy. Results There was fair overall agreement between the diplopia questionnaire and the Goldmann diplopia field, with 44 (59%) of 75 patients having agreement within 20 points (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.53, 95% CI 0.35-0.68). Of the 31 (41%) of 75 patients who had a discrepancy of more than 20 points, 13 (42%) of 31 exhibited a higher diplopia score with the diplopia questionnaire than the Goldmann perimeter, and 18 (58%) of 31 showed a higher diplopia score with the Goldmann diplopia field than the questionnaire. The most frequent reason for a higher diplopia questionnaire score was the proximal test distance of the Goldmann diplopia field (6 of 13 cases). The most frequent reason for a higher Goldmann diplopia field score appeared to be patient adaptation to diplopia (9 of 18 cases). Conclusions The diplopia questionnaire may better represent binocular diplopia in everyday life than the Goldmann perimeter, capturing adaptation to diplopia, suppression, fragile fusion, and diplopia with distance fixation.
Photometric determination of traces of germanium after carbon tetrachloride extraction

A generally applicable method for the determination of traces of germanium is presented, which involves extraction of germanium tetrachloride from 9-M hydrochloric acid solution, transfer of germanium to aqueous solution by shaking the carbon tetrachloride with water, and final photometric determination with phenylfluorone. This method provides a simple way of determining germanium in silicate rocks; the lower limit is 0.1 or 0.2 p. p. m. with a 0.5-g sample.
Simulation of membrane-based CO2 capture in a coal-fired power plant ☆

A two-stage membrane process is designed for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. Vacuum operation on the permeate side of the membrane is the preferred option to reduce the power demand for compressing the huge feed volume. The energy recovered from the CO2-depleted emission stream and the energy consumed for post-capture CO2 liquefaction are considered in this simulation study. A numerical modeling of the membrane process and a brief description on assessing both the capital and operating costs of the process are provided. It is found that the membrane area requirement is dominated by recovery of the lower concentrations of CO2 in the tail portion of the flue gas stream. Process optimizations allowing the minimal CO2 capture cost or minimal power demand indicate that current membrane technology is promising for flue gas CO2 capture, assuming a permeance of 1000 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity of 30. The potential of membrane technology for CO2 capture was also explored by using membranes with a CO2/N2 selectivity of 50 and 200.
The influence of the form of the question on the eyewitness testimony of preschool children

Thirty-two preschool children were questioned after viewing four short films. The form of the question (affirmative-negative, definite-indefinite article, some-any quantifier) was systematically varied in a counterbalanced design. The form of the question did not significantly affect answers to questions about entities actually present in the films; however, it did have significant effects on answers concerning entities which were not in the film. Questions such as “Did you see the...,” “Did you see any...,” and “Didn't you see some...” were answered yes more frequently than other question types. Thus young children are aware of the expectation conveyed by certain linguistic forms, such asthe. The results are discussed in the light of current models of constructive memory as well as their implications for accurate questioning of children.
Neurologic Infectious Disease Emergencies

Nearly 70 years after the discovery of penicillin, neurologic infectious diseases (NIDs) remain an important worldwide source of morbidity and mortality. The clinician faced with a potential NID must urgently consider patient demographics, pace of illness and clinical syndrome, and laboratory data. In keeping with the topics of this issue, initial emergency diagnosis and management are emphasized, with appropriate references to relevant literature for subsequent longer-term interventions.
Testing an Inpatient Nursing Intensity Billing Model

There has been growing concern about the costs and intensity of inpatient nursing care, which consumes more than 40% of hospital direct costs and $165 billion each year. Allocating nursing labor as an average cost per patient and charged as room and board creates cost compression, distorts hospital payment, and hides the economic value of nurses. This article examines a method for adjusting daily room charges using nursing intensity weights assigned by the diagnosis related group. In a test using claims data from 286 hospitals in four states representing 1,856,256 patient discharges in 2002, the nursing intensity adjustment improved explained total cost variance by 8.5% for adult all payer patients (R2 = .4448 vs. .4825) and 9.4% for Medicare only patients (R2 = .4387 vs. .4798) compared to unadjusted days. This article discusses unbundling inpatient nursing care intensity and charges from room and board and recommends implementing this billing process at all U.S. hospitals.
The effect of controlled ozone exposure on human lymphocyte function

Abstract The effects of ozone (O3) on cell-mediated immunity were studied in 16 human subjects exposed to 1176 μg/m3 O3 (0.6 ppm) for 2 hr in an environmentally controlled exposure chamber. Venous blood samples were taken before and immediately after controlled air and O3 exposures, as well as at 72 hr, 2 and 4 weeks, and at one random time at least 1 month after treatment. The relative frequency of T lymphocytes in blood and the in vitro blastogenic response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and Candida albicans were determined. During the course of the experiment, no statistically significant changes were observed in the number of T lymphocytes that form spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. The response of T lymphocytes to PHA was significantly reduced (P