cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laser synchrotron radiation as a compact source of tunable, short pulse hard X-rays

Abstract A compact laser synchrotron source (LSS) is proposed as a means of generating tunable, narrow bandwidth, ultrashort pulses of hard X-rays. The LSS is based on the Thomson backscattering of intense laser radiation from a counterstreaming electron beam. Advances in both compact ultraintense solid-state lasers and high brightness rf linac beams make the LSS an attractive compact source of high brightness X-rays, particularly at photon energies beyond ∼ 30 keV. The spectral flux, brightness, bandwidth and pulse structure are analyzed. In the absence of filtering the spectral bandwidth in the LSS is typically ⪅ 1% and is limited by electron beam emittance and energy spread. Two configurations of the LSS are discussed, one providing high peak power and the other high average power.
Density functional theory and molecular dynamics study of the uranyl ion (UO

The detection of uranium is very important, especially in water and, more importantly, in the form of uranyl ion (UO₂)²⁺, which is one of its most abundant moieties. Here, we report analyses and simulations of uranyl in water using ab initio modified force fields for water with improved parameters and charges of uranyl. We use a TIP4P model, which allows us to obtain accurate water properties such as the boiling point and the second and third shells of water molecules in the radial distribution function thanks to a fictitious charge that corrects the 3-point models by reproducing the exact dipole moment of the water molecule. We also introduced non-bonded interaction parameters for the water-uranyl intermolecular force field. Special care was taken in testing the effect of a range of uranyl charges on the structure of uranyl-water complexes. Atomic charges of the solvated ion in water were obtained using density functional theory (DFT) calculations taking into account the presence of nitrate ions in the solution, forming a neutral ensemble. DFT-based force fields were calculated in such a way that water properties, such as the boiling point or the pair distribution function stand. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations of a water box containing uranyl cations and nitrate anions are performed at room temperature. The three peaks in the oxygen-oxygen radial distribution function for water were found to be kept in the presence of uranyl thanks to the improvement of interaction parameters and charges. Also, we found three shells of water molecules surrounding the uranyl ion instead of two as was previously thought.
Model compound reforming studies: A comparison of alumina-supported platinum and iridium catalysts

Model compound reforming studies have been carried out over alumina-supported platinum and iridium catalysts. Cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane were selected to model the dehydrogenation and isomerization-dehydrogenation reactions, respectively, of naphthenes, while, n-heptane was chosen to model paraffin dehydrocyclization. Under typical reforming conditions, the conversion rates and selectivity patterns of these model compounds were found to be highly dependent upon the choice of metal. Platinum, for example, was found to be more active and selective for the aromatization of cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane than iridium. Iridium, in contrast, was observed to be a more active and selective n-heptane dehydrocyclization catalyst than platinum. Synthetic mixtures of model compounds were also investigated. These studies showed that paraffin dehydrocyclization is more strongly retarded by competitive adsorption processes than naphthene aromatization.
Motivic Homotopy Theory

We give an informal discussion of the roots and accomplishments of motivic homotopy theory.
Analyses of mass transfer in hemodialyzers for laminar blood flow and homogeneous dialysate

Abstract Theoretical analyses of mass transfer in hemodialyzers which contain flowing blood and dialysate streams separated by a semi-permeable membrane are presented. Semi-infinite parallel-plate and cylindrical tube geometries are considered. Solutions are obtained in terms of well-known functions, a method which avoids difficulties associated with computing the higher eigenvalues encountered in previous analyses. Applications of the mathematical model to systems used in clinical practice are discussed.
Percutaneous closure of an iatrogenic atrial septal defect.

The use of the Tandem Heart TM percutaneous ventricular assist device (Tandem Heart pVAD, Cardiac Assist technologies, Pittsburgh, PA) as a bridge to recovery or to other cardiopulmonary support systems has been rising. One requirement for placement of this device is an intraatrial septostomy which is usually closed during the surgical insertion of more permanent ventricular assist devices. We present a case of a 62year-old man with a residual acquired atrial septal defect (ASD) from Tandem Heart TM placement, which could not be closed surgically during insertion of left and right ventricular assist devices. The patient remained intubated and hypoxemic after removal of his right ventricular assist device due to the presence of persistent right to left shunting. With closure of the ASD using an 8-mm Amplatzer 1 septal occluder (ASO; AGA Medical Corp., Golden Valley, MN) the patient stabilized and was successfully extu
Collagen molecules comprised of α1(V)-chains (B-chains): an apparent localization in the exocytoskeleton

Abstract Antibodies specific for α1(V) chains and native collagen molecules containing the α1(V) chain have been used to study the localization of α1(V)-containing molecules in differentiating hyaline cartilage. Immunofluorescence data show that the undifferentiated mesenchyme contains significant quantities of these molecules throughout the cell-rich tissue matrix. Examination of fully differentiated hyaline cartilage reveals a unique staining pattern wherein the immunofluorescent material is restricted to the pericellular matrix within the chondrocyte lacunae. We conclude from these data in conjunction with other evidence that the Type V collagens function as components of an exocytoskeleton for connective tissue cells.
Coating flows of non-Newtonian fluids: weakly and strongly elastic limits

This paper presents an asymptotic analysis of the thickness of the liquid film that coats a smooth solid substrate when it is withdrawn from a bath of non-Newtonian fluid, and compares the results with experimental measurements. The film thickness is, to a good approximation, uniform above the point where the film is withdrawn from the fluid bath, and depends on the rotation rate, the fluid properties and the substrate geometry. Theoretical predictions of the film thickness for a number of different substrate geometries (an inclined plate, roller and fiber) are presented, and are compared with experimental measurements in a single roller geometry. Results are obtained for two different limits of the Criminale–Ericksen–Filbey constitutive equation in which the fluid rheology is either weakly elastic and dominated by shear thinning, or strongly elastic and dominated by elastic stresses. A lubrication analysis yields a thin-film equation which characterizes the film thickness as a function of spatial position. The rheological properties of the test fluids are measured independently using steady and oscillatory shearing deformations. The viscometric parameters are then used, in conjunction with the governing thin-film equation, which is solved using matched asymptotics, to give a quantitative prediction of the thickness of the fluid coating. The onset of an instability which causes the film thickness to vary with axial position along the roller is also observed experimentally.
How (Fast) Can I Help You? Tone of Voice and Telephone Operator Efficiency in Interactions1

This study examined how tone of voice related to directory assistance operators' s]peed at handling customer calls. Brief (5-s) audio exerpts of telephone operator conversation were presented to judges who rated these on 5 personality dimensions and 5 vocal qualities. When these measures were correlated with a key measure of job performance, namely call duration, results showed that operators who were faster at handling calls were rated as significantly more enthusiastic, sympathetic, confident, professional, and friendly (average r= -.56). The voices of faster operators were also rated as significantly more changing (vs. monotonous) and as containing clearer (vs. slurred) pronunciation. Results are discussed in terms of the role that tone of voice plays in telephone operator-customer interaction, and telephone interactions more generally.
Fabrication and Properties of an Asymmetric Waveguide Containing Nanoparticles

A wavelength-tunable light-emitting source consisting of a multilayer asymmetric waveguide structure was designed, modeled, and fabricated on a silicon substrate. The structure has two layers: a silica cladding and a zirconia-Glymo (γ-glycidoxypropyltrimetoxysilane) sol–gel-based waveguide layer. CdS and CdSe/ZnS colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) used as light-emission sources were incorporated into the waveguide layer. These NPs are however unstable in a low-pH environment. A zirconia-Glymo sol–gel film using acetylacetone as the zirconium chelating agent was developed, thus eliminating the often used acetic acid from the sol–gel synthesis and preserving the NPs in the waveguide formation process. The acetylacetone chelating agent allowed for a high degree of cross-linking between the Zr and the Glymo as indicated by the Zr-O-Si absorption observed by infrared spectroscopy. The incorporation of the photoemissive CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanoparticles within the zirconia gel asymmetric slab waveguide was demonstrated as a means to create miniature multispectral light sources.
On the Uses and Arrangement of Arts Museums: Illustrated by Series from the Pitt-Rivers Museums at Oxford and Farnham, Dorset

The text that follows comprises an edited transcription of a twelve-page, double-foolscap typescript preserved in the Pitt-Rivers papers at Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum.1 The typescript app...
Smart element method II. An element based on the finite Eshelby tensor

SUMMARY In this study, we apply the newly derived finite Eshelby tensor in a variational multiscale formulation to construct a smart element through a more accurate homogenization procedure. The so-called Neumann– Eshelby tensor for an inclusion in a finite domain is used in the fine scale feedback procedure to take into account the interactions among different scales and elements. Numerical experiments have been conducted to compare the performance and robustness of the new element to earlier formulations. The results showed that the smart element constructed via the Neumann–Eshelby tensor of a finite domain provides better numerical accuracy than that constructed via the Eshelby tensor of an infinite domain. Moreover, it can relieve volumetric locking. Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Becoming Ever More Monstrous: Feeling Transgender In-Betweenness

In this autoethnography, I elaborate an analysis of interpersonal aspects of transgender life by narrating my everyday interactions living in a gender-ambiguous body as I begin a sexed transition f...
New RF front end technologies

This paper provides an overview of numerous recent advancements in RF front end technology. Various techniques for designing novel front-end technology are outlined. Examples of the application of the active integrated antenna design approach are given for both the high-power transmitter and low-noise receiver modes. In addition, several architectures implementing novel mixer designs are presented to achieve baseband receivers and retrodirective arrays.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Boutique Science or Valuable Arrhythmia Model?

This article reviews the strengths and limitations of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) as models of cardiac arrhythmias. Specifically, the article attempts to answer the following questions: Which clinical arrhythmias can be modeled by iPSC-CM? How well can iPSC-CM model adult ventricular myocytes? What are the strengths and limitations of published iPSC-CM arrhythmia models? What new mechanistic insight has been gained? What is the evidence that would support using iPSC-CM to personalize antiarrhythmic drug therapy? The review also discusses the pros and cons of using the iPSC-CM technology for modeling specific genetic arrhythmia disorders, such as long QT syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, or Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia.
Total pancreatectomy: a national study.

Abstract Background Total pancreatectomy (TP) is performed for various indications. Historically, morbidity and mortality have been high. Recent series reporting improved peri-operative mortality have renewed interest in TP. We performed a national review of TP including indication, patient/hospital characteristics, complications and peri-operative mortality. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried to identify TPs performed during 1998 to 2006. Univariate analyses were used to compare patient/hospital characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality. Post-operative complications/disposition were assessed. Results From 1998 to 2006, 4013 weighted patient-discharges occurred for TP. Fifty-three per cent were male; mean age 58 years. Indication: neoplastic disease 67.8%. Post-operative complications occurred in 28%. Univariate analyses: TPs increased significantly (1998, n = 384 vs. 2006 n = 494, P P P P Discussion TP is increasingly performed nationwide with a concomitant decrease in peri-operative mortality. Patient characteristics, rather than hospital volume, predicted increased mortality.
Fasting in α1-antitrypsin deficient liver: constitutive activation of autophagy

α1-Antitrypsin (α1-AT) deficiency causes severe liver injury in a subgroup of patients. Liver injury is thought to be caused by retention of a polymerized mutant α1-ATZ molecule in the endoplasmic ...
Rice NRR, a negative regulator of disease resistance, interacts with Arabidopsis NPR1 and rice NH1

Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 is a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which confers lasting broad-spectrum resistance. Over-expression of Arabidopsis NPR1 or the NPR1 homolog 1 (NH1) in rice results in enhanced resistance to the pathogen Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), suggesting the presence of a related defense pathway in rice. We investigated this pathway in rice by identifying proteins that interact with NH1. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a rice cDNA encoding a novel protein, named NRR (for negative regulator of resistance). NRR interacts with NPR1 in the NPR1-interacting domain (NI25) consisting of 25 amino acids. NRR also interacts with NH1; however, NI25 was not sufficient for a strong interaction, indicating a difference between the rice and the Arabidopsis proteins. Silencing of NRR in rice had little effect on resistance to Xoo. When constitutively over-expressed in rice, NRR affected basal resistance, age-related resistance and Xa21-mediated resistance, causing enhanced susceptibility to Xoo. This phenotype was correlated with elevated NRR mRNA and protein levels and increased Xoo growth. Over-expression of NRR suppressed the induction of defense-related genes. NRR:GFP (green fluorescent protein) protein was localized to the nucleus, indicating that NRR may act directly to suppress the activation of defense genes. The fact that NRR compromises Xa21-mediated resistance indicates cross-talk or overlap between NH1- and Xa21-mediated pathways.
Detection Limits and Decomposition Mechanisms for Organic Contaminants in Water Using Optical Emission Spectroscopy

In addition to drinking water resources, the need for clean water in many industrial processes is critical. Among potential contaminants, those associated with fuel oxygenate additives (e.g. MTBE) are of concern as they partition into aqueous phases. Development of methods for detection and decontamination, including plasma pollution control, have been the objective of many studies. Here, inductively-coupled rf plasmas were used for detection of organic contaminants (CH 3 OH, MTBE) in water. Parent molecule decomposition was followed using actinometric OES. Emission from CO* yielded a detection limit of 0.01 ppm for each compound. Complementary mass spectrometry data were also collected to explore decomposition mechanisms.
Implications of Representing Snowpack Stratigraphy for the Assimilation of Passive Microwave Satellite Observations

AbstractUnder certain conditions, passive microwave satellite observations can be used to estimate snow water equivalent (SWE) across large areas, either through direct retrieval or data assimilation. However, the layered character of snowpacks increases the complexities of estimation algorithms. A multilayer model of snowpack stratigraphy that can serve as the forward model of a snow data assimilation system is described and evaluated. The model’s ability to replicate large-scale snowpack layer features is evaluated using observations from the Cold Land Processes Experiment (Colorado, 2002 and 2003) and a 2002 Nome–Barrow snowpit transect [Snow Science Traverse—Alaska Region (SnowSTAR2002)]. The multilayer model linked with a radiative transfer scheme improved the estimation of brightness temperatures both in terms of absolute values and frequency/polarization differences (error reductions ranging from 47% to 72%) relative to a one-layer model with similar, but depth-averaged, physics at the Colorado sit...
Concurrent and Long-Term Predictors of Older Adults' Use of Community-Based Long-Term Care Services: The Caregiver Health Effects Study

Objective: This study examined concurrent and long-term associations between caregiver-related characteristics and the use of community long-term care services in a sample of 186 older adults caring for a disabled spouse. Method: We used two waves of data from the Caregiver Health Effects Study, an ancillary study of the Cardiovascular Health Study. Caregiver-related need variables as predictors of service use were of primary interest and included caregiving demands, caregiver mental and physical health, and mastery. Their contribution to service use was examined after controlling for known predictors of service use. Results: At Time 1, more caregiver depressive symptoms predicted greater service use; at Time 2, more caregiver activity restriction and depressive symptoms predicted greater formal service use; increases in caregiver activity restriction and depressive symptomatology over time predicted increases in service use. Discussion: Caregiver-related need variables play a significant role in defining...
Law and Ethics of Experiments on Social Media Users

If you were on Facebook in January 2012, there is a chance that it tried to make you sad. If you were on OkCupid, there is a chance that it tried to match you up with someone incompatible. These were social psychology experiments: Facebook and OkCupid systematically manipulated people's environments to test their reactions. Academics doing similar experiments in a university setting would typically need to obtain informed consent from participants and approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB). But Facebook and OkCupid, and the academics working with Facebook, had neither. This, I believe, is a problem.These experiments offer us a moment for reflection, a chance to discuss the law and ethics of experiments on social media users. In this essay, I will consider social media research through the prism of the Facebook and OkCupid experiments. I will focus on three questions: (1) When do social media experiments constitute research involving people? (2) What does it take to obtain the informed consent of users? (3) What institutions are responsible for reviewing such experiments? Part I offers an initial review of the Facebook and OkCupid research projects. Part II -- the bulk of the essay -- takes up these questions under current law. Part III considers the broader question of what the rules for regulating social media research ought to be. The most immediately pressing priority is to prevent the unraveling of the existing ethical framework through IRB laundering, in which a regulated institution outsources enough work to an unregulated one to evade IRB review and informed consent. Looking further ahead, I offer some tentative thoughts on the scope of coverage, informed consent, and oversight for social media experiments. Finally, the conclusion reflects on how we should think about "consent" in this setting.
On The Responsibility of Reason

Abstract Ralph Hancock has written a superb book— comprehensive in scope, elegant in argument, and animated by a sustained and powerful vision. Each chapter reflects deep and searching reflection on thinkers whose ongoing significance for we liberal democrats can hardly be overstated. The hero of the book is Tocqueville; and not least of the book's charms, a claim to originality, rests on what Hobbes might have called “the magnification” of that hero to a level comparable to that of Leo Strauss and Martin Heidegger to whom Tocqueville is here compared to his own advantage. Questions posed by this article include: Hancock's exploitation of the term “moral analogy,” the adequacy of his vertical/horizontal metaphor, and whether he does full justice to Strauss's treatment of the moral life.
Characterizing patterns of land degradation potential and agro-ecological sustainability in Nang Rong, Thailand.

Soil crop suitability data was used to characterize and evaluate land-use/land-cover (LULC) classifications derived from Landsat TM and MSS imagery for 1997, 1985, and 1972. Landsat spectral classifications were post-processed using GIS data into a time-series of pixels that were identified as having agricultural potential (not including household gardens within settlements), and then compared with soil suitability variables to characterize LULC patterns and assess the likelihood of potential for land degradation within the Nang Rong, Thailand study area. Results of this estimate indicate that for extensive areas of upland cash cropping, particularly in the case of cassava, a significant potential for land degradation and hence agro-ecological unsustainability exists. Lowland rain-fed rice cropping, the most areally extensive and temporally persistent form of agriculture, is revealed to be largely agro-ecologically sustainable. A trend in the Nang Rong region is towards planting fast growing eucalyptus trees, a non-native species known to be damaging to the soil and ecology, as a cash crop in both upland and lowland settings for pulpwood, construction framing, and biofuel feedstock, making future potential land degradation scenarios somewhat different than in the past and ongoing monitoring critical.
CURRENT PROPOSALS FOR MEDIA ACCOUNTABILITY IN LIGHT OF THE FIRST AMENDMENT

The year 1999 witnessed the horrific shootings at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, where two teenage boys killed twelve of their classmates, a teacher, and then themselves. What lessons are to be learned from this tragedy? Certainly, it tells us that in a nation with approximately one third of a billion people, even an infinitesimal percentage of mentally unstable persons can create mayhem. Are there other lessons?
Assessing interactive responses in litter decomposition in mixed species litter

The aim of this research is to propose an improved method to partition single species contributions to decomposition in mixed species litters and to detect additive or non-additive responses in litter decomposition. Using simulated data, we demonstrate that additive responses can arise from multiple conditions, including no changes in litter decomposition rates of both species in the mixtures, or an enhanced decomposition of one species and a reduced decomposition of another. Antagonistic responses can be caused by reduced decomposition of only one species, or of both species. Without partitioning of the contributions of single species proposed here, it is difficult to distinguish the different causes of the overall responses. Our analyses provide a better understanding of litter decomposition in mixtures and have significant implications for modeling litter decomposition.
Education in Surveying and Photogrammetry in Europe

This paper presents in some detail the formal education in Surveying and Photogrammetry offered in a number of Western European countries. The various university undergraduate courses in Surveying and Photogrammetry and the graduate studies and degrees are discussed. The offerings of two of the training centres in Photogrammetry are also given.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia augments bleomycin induced lung fibrosis in rats (LB794)

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among patients with idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), where it has been linked with increased mortality. Chronic intemittent hypoxia (CIH) _ its...
Three records of rare blue American Bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus , in Nova Scotia, Canada

We report three records of a rare blue American Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus , from Nova Scotia, Canada.
The Progress of Healt Treatment Technology in the Past Ten Years in our Country

For recent decade, the encouraging technological progress in the heat treatment field in our country has been taken place. Although the aspect of backward technology on whole heat treatment industry has not been broken away from, the process of changing it has been started and is being accelarated indeed. The first of the present paper, a briefly review of the heat treatment technology progross is made for decade in our country, and then the progress in the areas of the protect atmosphere and vacuum heat treatment, surface engineering and basic theory of heat ireatment technology is stated.
Extratropical Storm Surges in the Chesapeake Bay

Abstract Two major extratropical storm (cyclone) surges in the Chesapeake Bay, in 1974–1975 are examined. The subtidal sea level was the dominant surge component, and it was induced by the local wind set-up and the nonlocal coupling with coastal sea level. The study suggests that the observational study is essential to the improvement of storm surge forecast.
Modeling the ionosphere-thermosphere response to a geomagnetic storm using physics-based magnetospheric energy input: OpenGGCM-CTIM results

The magnetosphere is a major source of energy for the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere (IT) system. Current IT models drive the upper atmosphere using empirically calculated magnetospheric energy input. Thus, they do not sufficiently capture the storm-time dynamics, particularly at high latitudes. To improve the prediction capability of IT models, a physics-based magnetospheric input is necessary. Here, we use the Open Global General Circulation Model (OpenGGCM) coupled with the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Model (CTIM). OpenGGCM calculates a three-dimensional global magnetosphere and a two-dimensional high-latitude ionosphere by solving resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with solar wind input. CTIM calculates a global thermosphere and a high-latitude ionosphere in three dimensions using realistic magnetospheric inputs from the OpenGGCM. We investigate whether the coupled model improves the storm-time IT responses by simulating a geomagnetic storm that is preceded by a strong solar wind pressure front on August 24, 2005. We compare the OpenGGCM-CTIM results with low-earth-orbit satellite observations and with the model results of Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Plasmasphere electrodynamics (CTIPe). CTIPe is an up-to-date version of CTIM that incorporates more IT dynamics such as a low-latitude ionosphere and a plasmasphere, but uses empirical magnetospheric input. OpenGGCMCTIM reproduces localized neutral density peaks at approx. 400 km altitude in the high-latitude dayside regions in agreement with in situ observations during the pressure shock and the early phase of the storm. Although CTIPe is in some sense a much superior model than CTIM, it misses these localized enhancements. Unlike the CTIPe empirical input models, OpenGGCM-CTIM more faithfully produces localized increases of both auroral precipitation and ionospheric electric fields near the high-latitude dayside region after the pressure shock and after the storm onset, which in turn effectively heats the thermosphere and causes the neutral density increase at 400 km altitude.
Nonocclusive mesenteric infarction.

Any unselected series of patients with mesenteric infarction, based on either operative or postmortem examinations of the bowel, will be found to include cases in which there is no evidence of thrombosis, embolization, or vasculitis. In most cases of intestinal infarction, occlusion of mesenteric arteries or veins is the primary etiologic factor.
National Technology Planning: A Case Study on the Biopharmaceutical Industry in China

In this research, a technology policy choice framework is developed to link prospective high-tech areas, technology development strategies, and various innovative resources. The research approach is to develop a Hierarchical Decision Model. Experts are invited from diverse sources to provide a balanced perspective representing different stakeholders. This research focuses on the fast developing Chinese biopharmaceutical industry as a case study. The results of this research have identified thirteen biotech areas, four strategies, and eight types of innovation resources to achieve industrial competitiveness in the biopharmaceutical industry. The research outcomes serve as guidelines in resource allocation and policy making for technology development.
Materializing the study of religion

This response to Meyer’s work focuses attention on the materiality of studying religion and how the sociality of religious practice may be studied in material terms. The value of this approach and the manner in which it is conducted vary from more traditional approaches to religion by offering a different conception of what religion is and does.
Defining Key Competencies for Business Lawyers

Report of the Task Force on Defining Key Competencies for Business Lawyers, Business Law Education Committee, ABA Business Law Section, published in the ABA publication The Business Lawyer. Barbara Wagner is the primary author of the report of the Task Force on Defining Key Competencies for Business Lawyers, of the Committee on Business Law Education of the Business Law Section of the American Bar Association, and the co-chair of the Task Force on Defining Key Competencies for Business Lawyers. This report has been prepared in response to the increasing emphasis by the American Bar Association ("ABA"), in its standards for law schools, on defining competencies for lawyers. At the same time, while many larger legal employers have already developed their own sets of competencies for lawyers, used in both training and evaluation, many smaller and mid-sized employers do not have the resources to do so. This report represents an effort to define and illustrate the competencies of a business or transactional lawyer. Its intended audience includes law schools (including faculty, curriculum committees, and administrators), law students, and practicing lawyers. Based on the approach of the 1992 MacCrate Report, these competencies cover a range of skills and abilities that the Task Force has identified, from (i) skills that may be mastered before or outside of law school, such as familiarity with business terminology and concepts, or use of technology - to (ii) skills that are often taught in law school, such as interviewing, contract drafting, and negotiation - to (iii) those skills that are usually mastered only after several years of law practice, such as overseeing all legal aspects of a major transaction. Consistent with the approach in the MacCrate Report, the range of competencies included in this report extend beyond the level of proficiency generally held when a lawyer commences practice to a level when the lawyer has significant experience and expertise.
Effect of a novel small molecule yk-4-279 on the "undruggable" target EWS-FLI1.

10042 Background: Chimeric transcription factors are ideal anti-cancer targets since they are only present in tumor cells, however they are often considered ‘undruggable’ proteins. The EWS-FLI1 fus...
Decline in Literacy and Incident AD Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons:

Objective: To quantify longitudinal change in financial and health literacy and examine the associations of declining literacy with incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive imp...
The Effect of Intermittent Presentation of Goalbox Cues on Resistance to Extinction under Spaced and Massed Conditions

Twenty-four male albino rats on a 23-hr. food-deprivation schedule were run in a straight runway to food reward in the presence of 3 distinctive stimulus cues. Ss were then divided into 2 matched groups, an experimental and a control. The control group was extinguished with all 3 cues present. Experimental Ss were extinguished with only 1 of the cues present randomly on any trial. Experimental Ss were shown to be more resistant to extinction in terms of number of trials to extinction as well as running time. These results were held to be contradictory to the discrimination hypothesis. An explanation of these results in terms of a slower decrement in motivation was offered as well as ofher possible explanations.
Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds.

Abstract Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively examined in adult rodent learning models, but may be especially important in organizing neural circuits required for developmental acquisition of meaningful complex behaviors. It is among the most commonly implicated factors in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized, in part, by distinct social and communication phenotypes. Here, we investigated mTOR in juvenile zebra finch songbirds. Much as children learn language, young male zebra finches need to interact socially with an adult tutor to learn a meaningful song. The memory of the tutor’s song structure guides the juvenile’s own song, which it uses to communicate for the rest of its life. We hypothesized that mTOR is required for juveniles to learn song. To this end, we first discovered that hearing song activates mTOR signaling in a brain area required for tutor song memorization in males old enough to copy song but not in younger males or females, who cannot sing. We then showed that both inhibition and constitutive activation of mTOR during tutor experiences significantly diminished tutor song copying. Finally, we found that constitutive mTOR activation lowered a behavioral measure of the juvenile’s social engagement during tutor experiences, mirroring the relationship in humans. These studies therefore advance understanding about the effects of experience in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development.
CyberSecurity considerations for an interconnected self-driving car system of systems

The vehicle intercommunications required to enable the some of the most beneficial features of self-driving cars also pose significant security risks. To coordinate, cars must advise other cars of their plans, status and actions and be able to rely on the information provided by other cars. This paper presents an intrusion detection system, based on system-of-systems principles for the self-driving car system-of-systems.
Bend, Twist, and Roll: Using Ribbons and Wheels to Visualize Curvature and Torsion

SummaryWe describe classical ways to think about the signed curvature and torsion of space curves using spherical indicatrices to record the twisting and turning of the Frenet frame. By constructing ribbons around curves, we show how to visualize their curvature and torsion. Finally, we use bicycle wheels to measure these quantities.
Ventricular tachycardia after initiation of fingolimod.

Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, is used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It is well known to cause bradyarrhythmias. We present a 63-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia 2 weeks after fingolimod initiation. Further evaluation showed that the patient’s ventricular tachycardia was most likely secondary to her medication. Medical practitioners need to be aware of such possible life-threatening side effects while using fingolimod.
Psychiatry in Medical Practice: Implications for the Education of Primary Care Physicians in the Era of Managed Care: Part 2☆

In Part 1 of this 2-part series, the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in primary care settings was reviewed as well as evidence that indicates that these conditions often go underrecognized and undertreated by primary care physicians. Educational studies to improve the psychiatric skills of primary care physicians were also reviewed. In Part 2 of this series, a core curriculum for primary care physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders that emphasizes competency-based learning is presented. Recommendations for the development and implementation of these competency-based training modules are offered in the conclusion.
"The First 18 Years of ORM: Journey, Impact, and Predictions for the Future"

We conducted a review and analysis of the journey of Organizational Research Methods (ORM) during the first 18 years of its existence (i.e., 1998-2015). First, we offer an analysis of the compositi...
Fast and accurate prediction of spurious modes in aluminum nitride MEMS resonators using artificial neural network algorithm

This paper introduces the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a method to guide the design of high-performance MEMS resonators and applies it to the prediction of spurious modes (SMs) in the proximity of the series resonance of aluminum nitride (AlN) contour-mode MEMS resonators (CMRs). ANN enables both fast and accurate prediction of spurious modes, hence facilitating the MEMS designer in the selection of the most appropriate geometry. In this work, the ANN can predict 1,000,000 cases within 0.3 seconds and with an expected accuracy of 98.9% given a margin, Δp, of 0.15 (out of 1). This study clearly outlines how powerful the ANN algorithm can be in helping designers identify the optimal device geometry. As a point of comparison, it would have taken hundreds of years for conventional 3-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) to complete the same study.
Equivalence of meaning among statements presented through various media

From the results of this study, these conclusions are warranted: 1. Statements equated in content and difficulty but presented in different media evoke different connotative meanings. 2. The specific form of these differences varies substantially with the subject matter of the statements. 3. The extent of the difference among media statements vary on at least the two dimensions of content used in this study. Within the presentational-representational dimension, more significant differences were found with complex statements than with simple statements. Within the simple-complex dimension, more significant differences among media statements occurred with the presentational statements than with the representational statements. More significant differences among media statements occurred with the simple presentational concepts than with the complex representational concepts. 4. Scales relate to each other in markedly different ways from medium to medium.
Variability of United States Online Rehabilitation Protocols for Proximal Hamstring Tendon Repair

Background:The optimal postoperative rehabilitation protocol following repair of complete proximal hamstring tendon ruptures is the subject of ongoing investigation, with a need for more standardiz...
Feed-forward alignment correction for advanced overlay process control using a standalone alignment station "Litho Booster"

One of the main components of an On-Product Overlay (OPO) error budget is the process induced wafer error. This necessitates wafer-to-wafer correction in order to optimize overlay accuracy. This paper introduces the Litho Booster (LB), standalone alignment station as a solution to improving OPO. LB can execute high speed alignment measurements without throughput (THP) loss. LB can be installed in any lithography process control loop as a metrology tool, and is then able to provide feed-forward (FF) corrections to the scanners. In this paper, the detailed LB design is described and basic LB performance and OPO improvement is demonstrated. Litho Booster’s extendibility and applicability as a solution for next generation manufacturing accuracy and productivity challenges are also outlined
From Primary to Conventional Science

This paper is focused on investigation of the structure of the Primary Language of the human brain as introduced by J. von Neumann in 1957. According to this hypothesis, the Primary Language empowers all the human symbolic languages and sciences. This is the first paper that provides the details of communication between the primary and conventional science and demonstrates examples of such communication. In our previous papers, we introduced the hypothesis that the Primary Language is the Language of Visual Streams (mental movies) that operate via multiple thought experiments. In the first part of this paper, we introduce various types of visual streams including communication and internal streams as well as mundane and science streams. The communication streams include expression and impression streams. The expression streams pass information from the internal streams to the outer world via converting it into the strings of symbols. The science streams may generate new knowledge because they include the discovery streams controlled by the Algorithm of Discovery (AD). The streams may initiate additional thought experiments, program them, and execute them in due course. The streams are focused employing various themes including proximity and mosaic reasoning. In the second part of this paper, we demonstrate a series of thought experiments that turn a piece of the primary science to the secondary one, the conventional science. Specifically, we introduce several internal visual streams that operate with the theme of Pictorial Linguistic Geometry (LG) as well as the streams of Linguistic LG. Then, we demonstrate how the AD constructs a series of expression streams that operate with a mix of the Pictorial and Linguistic LG, gradually approaching the pure Linguistic LG.
Comparison between desaturation sensing and Rogowski coil current sensing for shortcircuit protection of 1.2 kV, 300 A SiC MOSFET module

Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET devices have small internal inductance and small on state resistance, resulting in a huge di/dt which will cause the current to rise to a high level very fast during shortcircuit (SC), causing possible destruction of module due to excessive dissipated energy or high overshoot during the turn-off. Therefore, fast and reliable protection circuit is important to detect the SC as fast as possible to minimize the power dissipation in the components during the fault, thus preventing the device from overheating and destructing. Furthermore, soft turn-off is required to avoid high voltage spike during the turn-off of the fault current. This paper compares and evaluates the SC performance of two different protection methods on CREE 1.2 kV, 300 A SiC MOSFET module. The first protection method utilizes desaturation technique (DeSat), while the second method utilizes a Rogowski coil to sense the current through the device. Experimental results are analyzed to determine which protection method behaves better under different operating conditions.
Equal But Not Equitable: Self-Reported Data Obscures Gendered Differences in Project Teams

Contribution: This paper argues for a shift in how students’ team project experiences are assessed. Findings from this paper suggest that it is not enough to consider student-reported data in assessing team dynamics; hidden gendered behavior may be impacting students in ways that students do not realize or report. Background: Although the number of women in engineering is rising, difficulties still exist for female students in electrical engineering and computer science, particularly in team projects. Male and female students may have very different project experiences, due to differing levels of confidence/self-efficacy, difficult team dynamics, or inequitable task division. Research Questions: This paper aimed to elucidate what differences exist in the project experience between male and female students, considering self-reported measures (engineering confidence/self-efficacy, time spent on task, and team satisfaction) and observational study. Methodology: Students completed pre/post-project surveys, weekly logs, and post-project interviews to report and discuss their engineering confidence/self-efficacy, project task selection, and team satisfaction. This paper reports a case study of one student team, observed by a researcher throughout the project course. Findings: While student-reported data implied a lack of gender division (male and female students had the same levels of confidence, completed the same project tasks, and were similarly satisfied with their teams), the observational study implied that the student-reported data may not be telling the whole story. Given the difficult team dynamics observed in the student team (but not reported by students), findings suggest that difficult gender dynamics may go unrecognized by students.
Phenol Degradation in Microbial Fixed-Film Bioreactors

This poster presentation will compare results of experiments on the kinetics of phenol degradation by two microbial fixed-film populations with those published in the literature for more conventional aerobic treatment processes. The fixed-film populations, established and maintained in columnar fluidized-bed bioreactors, were initiated with the commercially available dry culture preparations Phenobac (Polybac Corp., Berlin, New Jersey) and Bichem 1001 and 1002 (Sybron Biochemicals, Birmingham, New Jersey). The effect of 0«, temperature, and phenol concentration on the rate of phenol degradation by the fixed-film population in batch reactors and fluidized-bed bioreactors will be discussed.
Structural and functional aspects of the protein synthesizing apparatus in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

The successful implementation of a genetic program requires that upon completion of translation polypeptides released from ribosomes are transferred to their final destination in the cell This appears to be a rather formidable process since, in a eukaryotic cell, the fate of a protein can be at least as diverse as the membranous structures within the cell and the subcellular compartments which they separate. For many proteins, these subcellular compartments serve only as the initial destination; transfer to another compartment or export from the cell may be their ultimate fate.