cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thinking of a maladaptive occlusion as an orthopedic cumulative trauma disorder

AbstractAim:The authors review the possible connection between a dental malocclusion and a temporal mandibular disorder (TMD).Methodology:The authors have reflected on several patient case histories to remind us that there may be instances when a simple case of dental malocclusion could be blamed for instigating the signs and symptoms of TMD. The common denominator for this discussion is the situation of joint pain, dysfunction and/or myalgia. Patient-reported signs and symptoms, along with treatment results and progress notes were evaluated.Results:The onset of TMD signs could be traced to an altered dental occlusion, which, upon maximum closure drives the mandible in a posterior direction, forcing the condylar head to now impinge upon retrodiscal tissue and the resultant muscle reflex protective response. Correction for the dentally induced malocclusion obviated the symptoms of TMD with patient-reported improved health.Conclusions:When a patient presents with signs consistent with those of a TMD, the cl...
Sociotechnical System Principles and Guidelines: Past and Present:

The sociotechnical systems (STS) approach is devoted to the effective blending of both the technical and social systems of an organization. These two aspects must be considered interdependently, be...
When Is the Father Really There? A Conceptual Reformulation of Father Presence

The article reconceptualizes father presence as the psychological presence of the father in the child. The article explicates the components of father presence as comprised of the following: (a) an inner sense of father in the child that orients him or her to the father; (b) the child's relationship with the personal father; (c) other family influences on father presence in the child; and (d) cultural and religious beliefs about the father found in the larger societal context, which are transmitted to the child in the family and other primary groups. The article postulates a conceptual model of father presence that consists of concentric spheres of influence that affect the development of the psychological presence of the father and also discusses the importance of studying father presence from the child's perspective.
Crack New Directions in Drug Research. Part 2. Factors Determining the Current Functioning of the Crack Economy -A Program for Ethnographic Research

Factors which hypothetically influence rates, volumes, and methods of income generation in crack distribution, use, and misuse are indicated, and a research program to investigate them is suggested. This research will contribute significantly to the development of a theoretical framework which adequately relates substance using/abusing and trafficking populations to the wider community and will explain why crack use and distribution have had such different outcomes than marijuana. Factors to be researched include: polyethnicity, crack-related deculturation, gender differentiation in crack use and effects, neighborhood effects, vertically organized crack-distributing organizations, crack-related violence and crime, and replacement of previous drug markets by crack.
In Vivo Applications of a Molecular Computing-Based High- Throughput NIR Spectrometer

Modern hyperspectral imaging is able to collect exceptional amounts of information at astonishing speed. Reducing these data from physical fields to high-level, useful information is difficult. Integrated computational imaging (ICI) is a process in which image information is encoded as it is sensed to produce information better suited for high-speed digital processors. Both spatial and spectral features of samples can be encoded in ICI. When spectral images are simultaneously obtained and encoded at many different wavelengths, the process is called hyperspectral integrated computational imaging (HICI). Lenslet arrays and masks are ideal for encoding spatial features of an image. This process is used here to analyze motion and metabolism in freely moving rats. Complex molecular absorption filters can be used as mathematical factors in spectral encoding to create a factor-analytic optical calibration in a high-throughput spectrometer. This process is used here for remote sensing of ethanol concentrations. In this system, the molecules in the filter effectively compute the calibration function by weighting the signals received at each wavelength over a broad wavelength range. One or two molecular filters are sufficient to produce a detector voltage that is proportional to an analyte concentration in the image field. Because a single detector voltage can reveal analyte concentration, HICI is able to calculate chemical images orders of magnitude more rapidly than conventional chemometric approaches.
Teens, Dating Violence, and Media Use A Review of the Literature and Conceptual Model for Future Research

Dating violence is highly prevalent among adolescents. Of importance, dating violence has been associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes for teens and high-risk behaviors such as unsafe sex practices. Although a growing body of research has examined the extent and nature of this problem, little research has considered aspects of the media that might be associated with risk for teen dating violence, such as time spent using media and effects of media content. This article provides an overview of the prevalence of teen dating violence, describes the potential for assessing media use as a risk factor, offers a conceptual model, and suggests ideas for future research.
The inexhaustible function z squared plus c

Allow the very elementary transformation, from z to z2 + c to be repeated indefinitely. The process reveals geometric shapes—fractal attractors, fractal repellers and other fractal sets—that astonish by their number, their variety, and their beauty.
Incidence of intraoperative flap complications in laser in situ keratomileusis.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of intraoperative flap complications in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and compare the incidence between eyes and between the Hansatome and Automated Corneal Shaper® (Bausch & Lomb) microkeratomes. Setting: Open-access outpatient excimer laser surgical facility. Methods: A retrospective analysis was done of 84711 primary LASIK cases performed between November 1998 and May 2000 in 28 national open-access laser facilities. The intraoperative flap complications were identified and categorized into type of complication, eye involved, and microkeratome type. All cases used the Automated Corneal Shaper or the Hansatome microkeratome. Results: Two hundred fifty-six complications (0.302%) were identified: 29 failures to achieve intraocular pressure (0.034%), 84 partial flaps (0.099%), 59 buttonholes (0.070%), 74 thin or irregular flaps (0.087%), and 10 free flaps (0.012%). There were 134 right eye complications and 122 left eye complications ( P = .45). No patient developed an intraoperative flap complication in both eyes. A comparison of Hansatome and Automated Corneal Shaper microkeratomes was possible for the cases performed between December 1999 and May 2000: 46 of 28 201 Hansatome procedures (0.16%) had a complication versus 21 of 329 Automated Corneal Shaper procedures (6.38%). This difference was statistically significant ( P Conclusion: The incidence of intraoperative flap complications during LASIK was acceptably small. The overall complication rate was similar in both eyes. The Hansatome was associated with a lower complication rate than the Automated Corneal Shaper.
Evaluation of modafinil effects on cardiovascular, subjective, and reinforcing effects of methamphetamine in methamphetamine-dependent volunteers

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant and long-term exposure leads to reductions in dopamine. One therapeutic strategy is to develop and test compounds that normalize dopamine. The primary aim of this study was to determine the safety of modafinil treatment during methamphetamine exposure in a controlled clinical setting. Methamphetamine-dependent volunteers (N=13), who were not seeking treatment, were randomized to receive either modafinil (200mg, PO) or matching placebo over three days (Days 1-3 or Days 8-10). On Day 1, subjects were randomized to modafinil or placebo in the morning, and then 3 and 6h later received infusions of methamphetamine (0 and 30 mg, i.v.), after which cardiovascular and subjective effects were assessed. On Day 3, participants completed i.v. self-administration sessions during which they made 10 choices for low doses of methamphetamine (3mg, i.v.) or saline. Days 4-7 were used as a washout period. On Day 8 participants were assigned to the alternate study medication (placebo or modafinil), and the same testing procedures were repeated through Day 10. The data reveal that modafinil treatment was well-tolerated and not associated with increased incidence of adverse events. In general, modafinil reduced by approximately 25% ratings of methamphetamine-induced "Any Drug Effect", "High", and "Want Methamphetamine", and reduced total number of choices for methamphetamine and monetary value of methamphetamine, though none of these measures reached statistical significance. Given these encouraging, though non-significant trends, the primary conclusion is that it appears safe to proceed with modafinil in further clinical evaluations of therapeutic efficacy.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in a research subject with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

A 66 year old woman who is a manifesting heterozygote for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) presented with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fourteen years prior to this presentation she participated in a phase I gene therapy study which used an adenoviral vector, thought to be non-oncogenic, to deliver a normal OTC gene to hepatocytes [1]. A recent review of data collected through a national longitudinal study of individuals with urea cycle defects [2,3] suggests that early urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are associated with hepatocellular damage and liver dysfunction in many cases. This may predispose an affected individual to a substantially increased risk of developing HCC, as has been observed in certain other inborn errors of metabolism. We speculate that the underlying urea cycle defect may be the cause of HCC in this individual.
The Paradox of the Prior and Settler-Colonial Temporality: Statism, Collective Memory, and the Politics of the Calendar

This essay is about the politics of time, colonialism and race in white settler nations, both in terms of how this relationship structures and unstructures the discourses, institutions and practices of politics. Examining the functioning of political temporality is critical for explaining the persistence of colonialist practices and racial hierarchies in contexts such as the United States and Canada. Political discourse and conflicts over indigenous territorial claims and indigenous sovereignty in both countries and slavery reparations and affirmative action in the United States all implicate the active role of the past in the present, and in fact challenge the very distinction between past and present as it concerns politics. These policy issues challenge us to defend what gets assigned to the past and why, and what gets to count as a political imperative of the present and why. For indigenous nations, this matter is especially complex because inherent to their claims for sovereignty is the assertion of indigenous governance ‘prior’ to colonial conquest and settlement by Europeans. But the ‘governance of the prior’ claim is one that should be seen as also serving to expose the paradox in the very idea that there is a simple prior demarcating the threshold between the past and present in the political temporality of settler state sovereignties themselves. To draw out this paradox and the politics of temporality in general, I argue that we need to pay attention to the role of collective memory in the production and maintenance of state sovereignties, nationhood, and group-based hierarchies such as those tied to the history of colonialism and white supremacy in white settler contexts.
The East Asian War, 1592–1598: international relations, violence and memory

This is an important work that contributes significantly to our understanding of the Japanese invasion of Korea in the late sixteenth century. Its impact on our knowledge of the war is attenuated s...
Reliable Ultrasound Transmission

To the Editor: I am writing in regard to the article “Relative Transmission of Ultrasound by Media Customarily Used for Phonophoresis” ( Phys Ther . 1992;72:142–148) by Michelle Cameron and Linda Monroe. Congratulations are due these authors on a clear, concise, and pertinent report. Their research on this topic is critical because it adds to the scientific base of knowledge required to justify our clinical practices. As my colleagues and I routinely use 10% hydrocortisone (HC) cream in our clinic, we were concerned by Cameron and Monroe's finding that transmission of ultrasound through 10% HC cream was 0%. We therefore followed their suggestion of testing for transmission on our equipment using a 5-mm layer of HC cream covered by a layer of water on top of the sound head. Our results showed no agitation of the water.… [ ARTICLE][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/72/142?iss=2
Smoking and Health: The 1964 Surgeon General's Report as a Turning Point in the Anti-Smoking Movement

This paper analyzes the Surgeon General's announcement on January 11, 1964 that cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action. Beginning with an analysis of the report itself, it discusses the fact that both newspapers and magazines predicted that the announcement would have almost no effect on the smoking behaviors of Americans at the time. Contrasting this, the announcement actually precipitated a major decline in smoking rates among Americans that has continued to the present day. To reconcile this fact, the paper explores this unexpected phenomenon and concludes that there were three factors that contributed to its much greater impact than that of other similar reports and papers: (1) The legitimacy and authority of the surgeon general's office; (2) the meticulous accumulation and aggregation of scientific evidence characterizing the report that resulted in the claim that a causal relationship existed; and (3) the widespread campaign that publicized the findings of the report.
Direct PET parametric reconstruction using a novel preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) approach

611 Objectives We developed a novel approach based on the PCG algorithm to directly reconstruct PET parametric images from sinograms and yield more precise and accurate estimation than what can be achieved with indirect approaches (curve fitting of reconstructed data). Methods Nine PET noise realizations of an NCAT torso phantom (including heart, lungs, liver, and soft-tissue compartments) were generated. Time activity curves of all organs were simulated according to a 1-compartment kinetic model with realistic parameters obtained from previously reported dynamic myocardial blood flow studies. Parameter estimation was performed by optimizing a cost function that includes the Poisson log-likelihood term and a spatial regularization term. To this end, we used the PCG, where the preconditioning matrix is a diagonal matrix whose diagonal entries are the ratio of the parameter and the sensitivity of the radioactivity associated with parameter. To address the local minima problem, the initial values for the iterative algorithm were set to those obtained from the indirect approach where we reconstructed the dynamic images frame-by-frame using OSEM, and curve-fit them with the kinetic model. Results The PCG algorithm with the proposed preconditioning matrix converged significantly faster than CG (10-20 iterations as compared to more than 50) in optimizing the cost function. Furthermore, for the same bias, our PCG approach yielded a significant reduction in standard deviation of K1 compared to the indirect approach ranging from 42% in the anterior wall to 44% in the inferior wall, 32% in the lateral wall and 36% in the septal wall. Conclusions We developed a novel PCG algorithm and demonstrated that our proposed preconditioning matrix accelerates significantly the direct PET parametric reconstruction yielding substantially reduced variance, for the same bias, in kinetic parameter estimation as compared to indirect methods. Research Support NIH-HL11024
Cryosurgical Treatment of Primary SV40 Viral and Adenovirus 7 Transplant Tumors in Hamsters

SummaryStudies of cryogenic destruction of virus-induced SV40 tumor and of adenovirus 7 transplant tumor were carried out in hamsters. The effect on the treated tumors as well as on other tumors which were present at the time of cryosurgery or which developed subsequently was noted. The effect on the treated SV40 virus-induced tumor was, at best, temporary and palliative and there was no apparent suppression of untreated tumor. The same general effect was noted with adenovirus 7 transplant tumor except that complete regression of treated tumor occurred in 2 animals and similar regression of an untreated tumor was observed in 1 animal. In the overall, immunodestructive effect subsequent to cryosurgery was weak if present at all. This was consistent with the prior demonstration of destruction of tumor-immunizing quality of tumor antigens by the freeze-thaw procedure and with the commonly observed development of immunologic tolerance in cancer.
Still in Uniform: Treating Active Military Members in a Civilian Psychiatric Facility

ABSTRACTAdmissions of military members (MMs) to community psychiatric hospitals are increasingly common, bringing unfamiliar challenges to civilian providers. To broaden the knowledge base on psychiatric issues facing MMs, investigators collected demographic and clinical variables from medical records of inpatients treated on a community hospital unit that specializes in MM treatment. Military members in this study had high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Future research and information focusing on the psychiatric needs of MMs is greatly needed. Educating community mental health providers to help them better understand the unique challenges of working with active duty MMs will improve care and outcomes.
Radiographic Comparison of Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Versus Traditional Fusion Approaches: Analysis of Sagittal Contour Change.

Background Lateral approach to lumbar fusion has been gaining popularity in recent years. With increasing awareness of the significance of sagittal balance restoration in spinal surgery, it is important to investigate the potential of this relatively new approach in correcting sagittal deformities in comparison to conventional approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate sagittal contour changes seen in lateral lumbar interbody fusion and compare them with radiographic changes in traditional approaches to lumbar fusion. Methods Lumbar fusion procedures from January 2008 to December 2009 were reviewed. Four approaches were compared: anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF). Standing pre-operative and 6-week post-operative radiographs were measured in terms of operative level, suprajacent and subjacent level, and regional lumbar lordosis (L1-S1) as well as operative level anterior (ADH) and posterior disc heights (PDH). T-test was used to analyze differences between and within different approaches (α=0.05). Results A total of 147 patients underwent lumbar fusion at 212 levels. Mean operative level segmental lordosis change after each procedure is as follows: ALIF 3.8 ± 6.6° (p Conclusion LLIF has the ability to improve sagittal contour as well as other interbody approaches and is superior to posterioronly approach in disc height restoration. However, ALIF provides the greatest amount of segmental and overall lumbar lordosis correction. Level of Evidence This is a Level III study. Clinical Relevance Regional lordosis correction may be effectively achieved with LLIF. This approach is a good addition to a surgeon9s armamentarium in maintenance or restoration of normal lumbar sagittal alignment.
Gut microbiome and liver disease

Gut microbiota changes are important in determining the occurrence and progression of chronic liver disease related to alcohol, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cirrhosis. Specifically, the systemic inflammation, endotoxemia, and the vasodilation that leads to complications such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatic encephalopathy could be related to the gut milieu. Given the poor prognosis of these events, their prevention and early management are essential. Microbiota may be an essential component of the gut milieu that can impact these clinical events, and the study of their composition and function in a culture-independent manner could help understand the prognosis. Recent human and animal studies have shown that the relative abundance and the functional changes of microbiota in the stool, colonic mucosa, and saliva have varying consequences on the presence and prognosis of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The impact of therapies on the microbiota is slowly being understood and will likely lead to a more targeted approach to gut microbiota modification in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.
Influence of herbicides and improvement cutting, fertilization, and prescribed fire on planted longleaf pine development

pine bolewood production was significantly greater on IVM plots (165 m 3 /ha) than on check and PF plots (average of 113 m 3 /ha). In the 13th growing season, IVM plots had significantly less understory tree cover (51%) than checks (80%), but PF plots had the least tree cover (16%) and the most grass (5%) and forb (10%) cover. Fertilization significantly increased understory tree cover (58%) compared with that for unfertilized plots (40%), but woody vine cover was significantly less on fertilized plots (3%) than on unfertilized plots (6%).
Implications of p +Pb measurements on the chiral magnetic effect in heavy ion collisions

The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a fundamental prediction of QCD, and various observables have been proposed in heavy ion collisions to access this physics. Recently the CMS Collaboration [V. Khachatryan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 122301 (2017)] has reported results from $p+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at 5.02 TeV on one such observable, the three-point correlator. The results are strikingly similar to those measured at the same particle multiplicity in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions, which have been attributed to the CME. This similarity, combined with two key assumptions about the magnetic field in $p+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions, presents a major challenge to the CME picture. These two assumptions as stated in the CMS paper are (i) that the magnetic field in $p+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions is smaller than that in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions and (ii) that the magnetic field direction is uncorrelated with the flow angle. We test these two postulates in the Monte Carlo--Glauber framework and find that the magnetic fields are not significantly smaller in central $p+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions; however the magnetic field direction and the flow angle are indeed uncorrelated. The second finding alone gives strong evidence that the three-point correlator signal in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ and $p+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions is not an indication of the CME. Similar measurements in $d+\mathrm{Au}$ over a range of energies accessible at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider would be elucidating. In the same calculational framework, we find that even in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions, where the magnetic field direction and the flow angle are correlated, there exist large inhomogeneities that are on the size scale of topological domains. These inhomogeneities need to be incorporated in any detailed CME calculation.
Empirical assessment of analysis workflows for differential expression analysis of human samples using RNA-Seq

RNA-Seq has supplanted microarrays as the preferred method of transcriptome-wide identification of differentially expressed genes. However, RNA-Seq analysis is still rapidly evolving, with a large number of tools available for each of the three major processing steps: read alignment, expression modeling, and identification of differentially expressed genes. Although some studies have benchmarked these tools against gold standard gene expression sets, few have evaluated their performance in concert with one another. Additionally, there is a general lack of testing of such tools on real-world, physiologically relevant datasets, which often possess qualities not reflected in tightly controlled reference RNA samples or synthetic datasets. Here, we evaluate 219 combinatorial implementations of the most commonly used analysis tools for their impact on differential gene expression analysis by RNA-Seq. A test dataset was generated using highly purified human classical and nonclassical monocyte subsets from a clinical cohort, allowing us to evaluate the performance of 495 unique workflows, when accounting for differences in expression units and gene- versus transcript-level estimation. We find that the choice of methodologies leads to wide variation in the number of genes called significant, as well as in performance as gauged by precision and recall, calculated by comparing our RNA-Seq results to those from four previously published microarray and BeadChip analyses of the same cell populations. The method of differential gene expression identification exhibited the strongest impact on performance, with smaller impacts from the choice of read aligner and expression modeler. Many workflows were found to exhibit similar overall performance, but with differences in their calibration, with some biased toward higher precision and others toward higher recall. There is significant heterogeneity in the performance of RNA-Seq workflows to identify differentially expressed genes. Among the higher performing workflows, different workflows exhibit a precision/recall tradeoff, and the ultimate choice of workflow should take into consideration how the results will be used in subsequent applications. Our analyses highlight the performance characteristics of these workflows, and the data generated in this study could also serve as a useful resource for future development of software for RNA-Seq analysis.
Surgical Technique for High-Flow Internal Maxillary Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Using a Superficial Temporal Artery Interposition Graft.

Background Extracranial-to-intracranial high-flow bypass often requires cranial, cervical, and graft site incisions. The internal maxillary artery (IMA) has been proposed as a donor to decrease invasiveness, but its length is insufficient for direct intracranial bypass. We report interposition of a superficial temporal artery (STA) graft for high-flow IMA to middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass using a middle fossa approach. Objective To assess the feasibility of an IMA-STA graft-MCA bypass using a new middle fossa approach. Methods Twelve specimens were studied. A 7.5-cm STA graft was obtained starting 1.5 cm below the zygomatic arch. The calibers of STA were measured. After a pterional craniotomy, the IMA was isolated inside the infratemporal fossa through a craniectomy within the lateral triangle (lateral to the posterolateral triangle) in the middle fossa and transposed for proximal end-to-end anastomosis to the STA. The Sylvian fissure was split exposing the insular segment of the MCA, and an STA-M2 end-to-side anastomosis was completed. Finally, the length of graft vessel was measured. Results Average diameters of the proximal and distal STA ends were 2.3 ± 0.2 and 2.0 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. At the anastomosis site, the diameter of the IMA was 2.4 ± 0.6 mm, and the MCA diameter was 2.3 ± 0.3 mm. The length of STA graft required was 56.0 ± 5.9 mm. Conclusion The STA can be used as an interposition graft for high-flow IMA-MCA bypass if the STA is obtained 1.5 cm below the zygomatic arch and the IMA is harvested through the proposed approach. This procedure may provide an efficient and less invasive alternative for high-flow EC-IC bypass.
Rugged Textile Electrodes for Wearable Devices Obtained by Vapor Coating Off‐the‐Shelf, Plain‐Woven Fabrics

Fabrics are pliable, breathable, lightweight, ambient stable, and have unmatched haptic perception. Here, a vapor deposition method is used to transform off-the-shelf plain-woven fabrics, such as linen, silk, and bast fiber fabrics, into metal-free conducting electrodes. These fabric electrodes are resistant to wear, stable after laundering and ironing, and can be body-mounted with little detriment to their performance. A unique by-product of conformally vapor coating plain-woven fabrics is that textile parameters, such as thread material and fabric porosity, significantly affect the conductivity of the resulting fabric electrodes. The resistivities of the electrodes reported herein are linearly, not exponentially, dependent on length, meaning that they can be feasibly incorporated into garments and other large-area body-mounted devices. Further, these fabric electrodes possess the feel, weight, breathability, and pliability of standard fabrics, which are important to enable adoption of wearable devices.
The COX-2/PGE 2/EP3/G i/o/cAMP/GSIS Pathway in the Islet: The Beat Goes On

Interest in regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion (GSIS) by arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites began in the early 1970s. The metabolite of primary interest has been prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) because it is one of several negative modulators of GSIS yet unique because it is not classified as a hormone, such as epinephrine or somatostatin. Rather, PGE2 is considered an autocoid because it is a substance whose action takes place in the same cell as its synthesis, which in the case of the pancreatic β-cell suggests PGE2 is an endogenous modulator of GSIS. This autocoid, produced via cleavage of AA from phospholipid and further metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is the most abundant AA metabolite in the β-cell. The article in this issue of Diabetes by Neuman et al. (1) takes a fresh look at this pathway by focusing on PGE3, an alternate prostaglandin formed when eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) rather than AA is used as the dominant dietary substrate. (Before reading further, it may be helpful to examine Table 1 of the article by Neuman et al., which identifies the players in this complex lexicon.) Clinical relevance of this consideration of the impact of a diet rich in EPA stems from the fact that this polyunsaturated fatty acid is proposed to be beneficial in chronic conditions such as diabetes. Historically, long before the discovery of prostaglandins, Ebstein (2) reported in 1876 that treatment of his patients with diabetes with oral sodium salicylate reduced urinary glucose levels. It took nearly 100 years for the Nobel prize–winning work of Vane (3) and his colleagues to establish that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as sodium …
Overvoltage and Insulation Coordination of Overhead Lines in Multiple-Terminal MMC-HVDC Link for Wind Power Delivery

The voltage-sourced converter-based HVDC link, including the modular multilevel converter (MMC) configuration, is suitable for wind power, photovoltaic energy, and other kinds of new energy delivery and grid-connection. Current studies are focused on the MMC principles and controls and few studies have been done on the overvoltage of transmission line for the MMC-HVDC link. The main reason is that environmental factors have little effect on DC cables and the single-phase/pole fault rate is low. But if the cables were replaced by the overhead lines, although the construction cost of the project would be greatly reduced, the single-pole ground fault rate would be much higher. This paper analyzed the main overvoltage types in multiple-terminal MMC-HVDC network which transmit electric power by overhead lines. Based on ±500 kV multiple-terminal MMC-HVDC for wind power delivery project, the transient simulation model was built and the overvoltage types mentioned above were studied. The results showed that the most serious overvoltage was on the healthy adjacent line of the faulty line caused by the fault clearing of DC breaker. Then the insulation coordination for overhead lines was conducted according to the overvoltage level. The recommended clearance values were given.
The Unfolding of Spain’s Political Crisis: From the Squares to the Ballot Box

Spain’s economic crisis became a political crisis from 2011, when protest movements erupted in response to the direct effects of the former and the austerity regime that followed. However, this chapter suggests that the particularities of developments from 2011 are explicable not simply with reference to the proximate economic crisis but require an examination of Spain’s broader transition from dictatorship from the 1970s and its Europeanisation thereafter. Prioritising stability, that transition was built upon the marginalisation or incorporation of non-mainstream groups and the formation of a narrow two-party system. It is against this backdrop that this chapter traces post-2011 events: the emergence of the ‘indignados’ movement, the growth of separatism in Catalonia and the institutional challenges to the status quo at both local and national levels.
Control of liquid crystal alignment using surface-localized low-density polymer networks and its applications to electro-optical devices

Abstract We developed an alignment method for control of the polar pretilt angle at the boundaries of a liquid crystal (LC) layer in a continuous range 2–90° by introducing a low-density polymer network. The network was formed as a result of the electric field-induced segregation of a photo-reactive monomer added in concentrations of 0.5–1% to the LC host and subsequent in-situ UV-light-induced polymerization. LC director was “frozen” within a less than a micron-thick layer in the vicinity of the cell substrates at high average tilt angles anchoring the LC in the bulk similarly to a high-pretilt alignment layer. The resultant pretilt angle was determined by the voltage applied before and during polymerization and the duration of voltage application before UV-light exposure. The desired pretilt angle could be set over a small area of a sample which allowed for the fabrication of LC devices with spatially variable optical retardation. Using this method, we fabricated high-pretilt splay and bend LC cells, optically recorded converging lenses and bi-prisms with electrically controlled optical characteristics, and phase diffraction gratings with resolution better than 50 lines/mm.
Tools for assessing efficacy of hearing loss compensation

We are developing a real-time, wearable, Open-source Speech-Processing platform (OSP) that can be configured by audiologists and Hearing Aid (HA) researchers for lab and field studies. This contribution describes OSP tools to (i) control the HA state, such as amplification parameters in each subband, (ii) provide stimuli to the user, and (iii) get feedback from the user. The system is based on a web server with interfaces to the HA state, the environment state (e.g., background noise characteristics, reverberation conditions, GPS location, etc.) and the user state (as inferred from ecological momentary assessments). We describe Application Programmer’s Interfaces (APIs) used in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and server side scripting language (e.g., PHP) to create web applications aimed at assessing efficacy of various Hearing Loss (HL) compensation approaches. HTML and PHP are versatile tools and lot easier to develop functional skills compared with software tools used in the OSP. We provide example sc...
Multivariate genome-wide association analysis identifies novel and relevant variants associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture risk in the dog model.

Anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) is a debilitating and potentially life-changing condition in humans, as there is a high prevalence of early-onset osteoarthritis after injury. Identification of high-risk individuals before they become patients is important, as post-treatment lifetime burden of ACLR in the USA ranges from $7.6 to $17.7 billion annually. ACLR is a complex disease with multiple risk factors including genetic predisposition. Naturally occurring ACLR in the dog is an excellent model for human ACLR, as risk factors and disease characteristics in humans and dogs are similar. In a univariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 237 Labrador Retrievers, we identified 99 ACLR candidate loci. It is likely that additional variants remain to be identified. Joint analysis of multiple correlated phenotypes is an underutilized technique that increases statistical power, even when only one phenotype is associated with the trait. Proximal tibial morphology has been shown to affect ACLR risk in both humans and dogs. In the present study, tibial plateau angle (TPA) and relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW) were measured on bilateral radiographs from purebred Labrador Retrievers that were recruited to our initial GWAS. We performed a multivariate genome wide association analysis of ACLR status, TPA, and rTTW. Our analysis identified 3 loci with moderate evidence of association that were not previously associated with ACLR. A locus on Chr1 associated with both ACLR and rTTW is located within ROR2, a gene important for cartilage and bone development. A locus on Chr4 associated with both ACLR and TPA resides within DOCK2, a gene that has been shown to promote immune cell migration and invasion in synovitis, an important predictor of ACLR. A third locus on Chr23 associated with only ACLR is located near a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). LncRNA’s are important for regulation of gene transcription and translation. These results did not overlap with our previous GWAS, which is reflective of the different methods used, and supports the need for further work. The results of the present study are highly relevant to ACLR pathogenesis, and identify potential drug targets for medical treatment.
The HeII Proximity Effect

A major uncertainty in the interpretation of the recent HST detection of He ii Lyα resonant absorption in Q0302-003 (Jakobsen et al. 1994), is the contribution to the opacity arising from line-blanketing by the Lyα forest. It is shown how moderate resolution UV spectra may be used to distinguish between the case of total opacity dominated by line-blanketing from that including a substantial component from a diffuse medium. The method permits a direct measurement of the total baryonic density of the IGM.
Ombudsman Autonomy, Informal Institutions and the Defense of Women's Rights in the Central Andes

Most Latin American countries established human rights ombudsman agencies in the 1980s and 1990s with the general mandate of defending human rights. An area of special interest for human rights ombudsman agencies has been the defense of women’s rights. Their effectiveness in this area, however, has been substantially different across countries. In Peru, for instance, the ombudsman office consistently embarrassed the Fujimori administration by publicly denouncing the abuses committed in the implementation of “family planning” policies that actually involved forced sterilization of peasant women. Such a committed defense of women’s rights—and other human rights—in the context of a semi-authoritarian regime was possible only because the ombudsman agency enjoyed a substantial degree of autonomy from the government. But how can ombudsman head officers affirm their autonomy in a context where the rules of the game are determined by political subordination, clientelism, cuoteo politics and secrecy?
Erosion history from incision modeling and river profile morphologies: example from the Tekeze River System, Ethiopian Plateau, East Africa

The Ethiopian Plateau in East Africa is arguably one of the best natural laboratories to study erosion from river morphology as the plateau has deeply incised by two major river systems of the Nile, the Blue Nile River in the south, and the Tekeze River in the north, yet an understanding of the incision history in the Tekeze River System remains undocumented. This research utilizes 3D incision model and bedrock river longitudinal-profile morphologies to investigate incision rate, magnitude, and timing. Incision data, generated from geochronologic age of lava flow integrated with SRTM-derived digital elevation models (DEMs), and river morphologic data, extracted from tributary long profiles, suggest that the plateau is experiencing differential incision since ∼30 Ma, with an increased rate at ∼10 Ma. Incision map reveals that majority of the incision occurred along the tributaries of the Tekeze River, with the deepest incision of 1.6 km observed in the tributary Zerima. Longitudinal profiles of 23 tributaries show records of at least two major tectonic knickpoints, indicating at least three incision phases (phase I–III) where long-term incision rate since ∼30 Ma is ∼40 m/m.y. that started to increase to ∼100 m/m.y. since ∼10 Ma. Normalized steepness index (k sn ) from long profiles indicate higher incision within the plateau interior and along the rift-flank, but lower incision around Precambrian shear zones. Landscape evolution of the Ethiopian Plateau presented here contributes toward understanding of the geodynamics of the world’s largest active continental rift system.
Systems and Sustainability

Environmental sustainability is greatly informed by the field of systems science which looks at how humans impact the natural environment. Some of the earliest systems science thinkers developed the Gaia hypothesis which helped to conceptually frame the earth as a single environmental system. Since that time, scientists have shown how major earth cycles work and interact with each other. Each of the major earth systems, including the rock, water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the sulfur cycles, has been altered in some way by human activity. The systems are so damaged that their repair is an integral part of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
Hydrodynamic modeling of gas influx migration in slim hole annuli

Existing well control prediction techniques have not yet found wide acceptance in slim holes. This study investigates the two-phase transient pressure behavior when a gas kick occurs in slim holes. This paper presents an improved two-phase model that will account for the change in annular pressure transients. The two-phase model is based on the drift-flux model. Newly developed drift-flux correlations with specific target to narrow annuli are applied. An explicit scheme is adopted to solve the two-phase model. Results show the high inaccuracies that occur from using conventional models instead of this new model. The velocities of each phase are seen to increase tremendously with assumption of slim holes. This in turn causes significant increase in the equivalent circulating densities (ECDs) and underestimation of bottom hole pressures. On the other hand, the hydrostatic pressures are seen to decrease as well leading to a counterbalance. Pressure signatures for slim holes are seen to shift to the right consequently affecting the void fraction distribution and other fluid properties. Case studies are performed in the simulations to examine the effect of varying annulus ratio on results for constant influx and mud rate. From the results, as annulus ratio goes beyond 0.8, the changes in bottom hole ECDs become much more substantial. The understanding of hydraulics in narrow annuli is vital for real-time pressure prediction during a gas influx. This study provides an improved simulation tool for more accurate prediction of influx behavior in slim holes.
Emerging Embolic Agents in Endovascular Embolization: An Overview.

Endovascular embolization treats vascular disease through a minimally invasive approach that significantly benefits patients and reduces health care costs. Advances in engineering and materials science have contributed significantly to novel embolic materials that address challenges of clinically used agents today. Here, we discuss the clinically available embolic agents, their formulations, and applications. Additionally, we examine materials in development for embolization and emphasize the challenges during the process of transitioning from basic science to translational applications in this field.
Structured Literature Review

Limited team research has focused on how communication evolves over time. To showcase what has been accomplished, a structured literature review was conducted and is described in this chapter. The purpose of the review is to (1) highlight the variety of approaches available for researchers to gather, code, analyze, and visualize longitudinal communication data and (2) demonstrate the breadth of knowledge about team interactions that can be obtained by implementing such approaches.
Indoor Vertical Farming Systems for Food Security and Resource Sustainability

Indoor vertical farming has been gaining increased popularity worldwide as a method of addressing food security while satisfying sustainability needs. This fact sheet written by and published by the UF/IFAS provides a comprehensive summary of the current status of indoor vertical farming in the United States and globally, commercial derivatives, major sustainability benefits and limitations and challenges. Learn about the limitations and challenges of the industry as well as the potential benefits both for food security and resource sustainability.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr429
Systematic review of trauma system regionalization and implementation on outcomes in traumatic brain injury patients.

The number of trauma systems has increased dramatically within the United States over the past 40 years. The implementation of these systems has contributed to a decrease in mortality and improved ...
Does Local Autonomy Breed Leviathans? An Empirical Examination of All Cities in the United States:

US states grant their local units different levels of autonomy in several dimensions including fiscal, functional, structural, and legal discretion. This study uses a comprehensive, multidimensiona...
Cutaneous Safety and Tolerability of a Fixed Combination Clindamycin (1.2%) and Benzoyl Peroxide (3.75%) Aqueous Gel in Moderate-to-severe Acne Vulgaris.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cutaneous safety and tolerability of clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 3.75% gel in moderate-to-severe acne patients. METHODS: A safety assessment of 498 patients with moderate-to-severe acne receiving clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 3.75% gel or vehicle for 12 weeks. RESULTS: The vast majority (80-95%) of patients reported no cutaneous safety or tolerability problems throughout the study. Mean scores for both active and vehicle were all <1 (where l=mild) and reduced over the duration of the study. When scaling, erythema, itching, burning, or stinging was reported it was generally mild. Moderate or severe reactions to clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 3.75% gel were rare and generally seen early in treatment. There were eight reports (3.3%) of moderate erythema, four reports (1.7%) of moderate scaling, three reports (1.2%) of moderate itching, and one report of moderate burning (0.4%) at Week 4. There was one report (0.4%) of severe erythema and one report (0.4%) of severe burning (both at Week 4), with one report (0.4%) of severe stinging at Week 12. There were no substantive differences seen in cutaneous tolerability among treatment groups and younger patients tended to have milder reactions. LIMITATIONS: It is not possible to determine the contributions of the individual active ingredients. CONCLUSION: Clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 3.75% gel has a favorable safety and tolerability profile with very low incidence of moderate or severe reactions.