cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein surface characterization using an invariant descriptor

Aim. To develop a new invariant descriptor for the characterization of protein surfaces, suitable for various analysis tasks, such as protein functional classification, and search and retrieval of protein surfaces over a large database. Methods. We start with a local descriptor of selected circular patches on the protein surface. The descriptor records the distance distribution between the central residue and the residues within the patch, keeping track of the number of particular pairwise residue cooccurrences in the patch. A global descriptor for the entire protein surface is then constructed by combining information from the local descriptors. Our method is novel in its focus on residue-specific distance distributions, and the use of residue-distance co-occurrences as the basis for the proposed protein surface descriptors. Results. Results are presented for protein classification and for retrieval for three protein families. For the three families, we obtained an area under the curve for precision and recall ranging from 0.6494 (without residue co-occurrences) to 0.6683 (with residue co-occurrences). Large-scale screening using two other protein families placed related family members at the top of the rank, with a number of uncharacterized proteins also retrieved. Comparative results with other proposed methods are included.
Interactive effects of DAOA (G72) and catechol-O-methyltransferase on neurophysiology in prefrontal cortex

Background Accumulating evidence indicates that genetic polymorphisms of D-amino acid oxidase activator ( DAOA ) (M24; rs1421292; T-allele) and catechol- O -methyltransferase ( COMT ) (Val 158 Met; rs4680) likely enhance susceptibility to schizophrenia. Previously, clinical association between DAOA M24 (T-allele) and a functionally inefficient 3-marker COMT haplotype (that included COMT Val 158 Met) uncovered epistatic effects on risk for schizophrenia. Therefore, we projected that healthy control subjects with risk genotypes for both DAOA M24 (T/T) and COMT Val 158 Met (Val/Val) would produce prefrontal inefficiency, a critical physiological marker of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in schizophrenic patients influenced by both familial and heritable factors. Methods With 3T blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we analyzed in SPM5 the proposed interaction of DAOA and COMT in 82 healthy volunteers performing an N -back executive working memory paradigm (2-back > 0-back). Results As predicted, we detected a functional gene × gene interaction between DAOA and COMT in the DLPFC. Conclusions The neuroimaging findings here of inefficient information processing in the prefrontal cortex seem to echo prior statistical epistasis between risk alleles for DAOA and COMT , albeit within a small sample. These in vivo results suggest that deleterious genotypes for DAOA and COMT might contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, perhaps through combined glutamatergic and dopaminergic dysregulation.
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA AND THYROID SURGERY ON THE PLASMA LEVEL OF PBI131

MANIPULATION of the thyroid gland during surgery, with the consequent release into the circulation of significant amounts of preformed thyroid hormone, has been suggested as a possible factor in the genesis of postoperative “storm” (1–4). In addition, it has been postulated that a definite correlation exists between the magnitude of this phenomenon and the severity of the postoperative reaction (1, 5). Reports of data obtained prior to the use of radioactive iodide in the assessment of thyroid function are conflicting in regard to changes in serum proteinbound iodine levels under these circumstances (1, 5–9). Measurements of the renal excretion of stable iodide have demonstrated a significant increase immediately following both thyroid (7, 10) and non-thyroid surgery (11, 12). That elevations of protein-bound iodine concentration can occur in response to therapeutic doses of radioiodide (13) and irradiation of the thyroid gland with radium or x-rays (5, 14) seems well documented.
Elementary closures for integer programs

In integer programming, the elementary closure associated with a family of cuts is the convex set defined by the intersection of all the cuts in the family. In this paper, we compare the elementary closures arising from several classical families of cuts: three versions of Gomory's fractional cuts, three versions of Gomory's mixed integer cuts, two versions of intersection cuts and their strengthened forms, Chvatal cuts, MIR cuts, lift-and-project cuts without and with strengthening, two versions of disjunctive cuts, Sherali-Adams cuts and Lovasz-Schrijver cuts with positive semi-definiteness constraints.
Cobalt(II) and rhodium(III) complexes of 1,5-dithiacyclooctane (1,5-DTCO) and 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane (TTH)

Abstract Complexes of 1,5-dithiacyclooctane (1,5-DTCO) and 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane (TTH) with cobalt(II) and rhodium(III) are reported. Co(BF 4 ) 2 reacts with either 1,5-DTCO or TTH to form square pyramidal complexes [Co(1,5-DTCO) 2 CH 3 CN] 2+ and [Co(TTH)CH 3 CN] 2+ . The CH 3 CN cannot be removed from the 1,5-DTCO complex. CoCl 2 reacts with TTH to form tetrahedral [Co(TTH)] 2+ and [CoCl 4 ] 2− ions. CoCl 2 reacts with 1,5-DTCO to form a solid with an empirical formula of Co(1,5- DTCO) 2 Cl 2 , which, when dissolved in nitromethane, dissociates to form tetrahedral [Co(1,5-DTCO)Cl 2 ]. RhCl 3 reacts with 1,5-DTCO and TTH to form trans -octahedral complexes of the form, trans -[RhS 4 Cl 2 ] + .
Transcriptional activity of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat correlates with binding of a factor to an upstream CCAAT box in vitro.

Abstract The avian nuclear protein, enhancer factor 1 (EF1), binds specifically to the long terminal repeat (LTR) of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) in a region that has been implicated in enhancer/promoter function. We have characterized the in vitro binding properties of this factor from chick embryo nuclear extracts by methylation interference/protection footprinting of the wild-type LTR and also by gel electrophoretic mobility shift assays performed on a series of LTR mutants. We find that the inverted CCAAT pentanucleotide located at position −129 is essential for EF1 binding in vitro . Nucleotides flanking this element exert a smaller effect on binding. Linker-substitution and point mutations which reduce EF1 binding to this site in vitro also reduce promoter activity in transiently transfected cells. EF1 also binds with lower affinity to another inverted CCAAT box at position −65, an element which we show is also essential for transcriptional activity of the RSV LTR. We conclude, therefore, that EF1 is a CCAAT box-binding factor which is involved in the activation of RSV transcription in avian cells. Furthermore, we show that EF1 can recognize the CCAAT boxes of several other promoters in which the functional importance of this pentanucleotide has been established.
Fabrication and Application of Micro Sensor Arrays on Nickel Substrate for Meso-Scale Manufacturing Processes

Real time monitoring, diagnosis and control of numerous manufacturing processes is of critical importance in reducing operation costs, improving product quality, and shortening response time. Current sensors used in manufacturing, especially at meso/micro scale, are normally unable to provide measurements with desired spatial and temporal resolution at critical locations in metal structures (e.g. tooling). Micro sensors are expected to offer tremendous benefits for real time sensing in manufacturing processes. In this study, a batch production of micro thin film sensor arrays was realized by transferring thin film sensors from silicon wafers directly onto nickel substrates through standard microfabrication and electroplating techniques. To demonstrate the potential applications, micro sensor arrays that consist of multiple thermocouples and thermopiles were designed, fabricated and transferred into electroplated nickel to study temperature field and heat generation during meso-scale ultrasonic welding. Sensor arrays are arranged immediately adjacent to the mesoscale welding area for in-situ temperature and surface heat flux measurement. These micro sensor arrays provide high spatial and temporal resolution that cannot be achieved with conventional macro sensors.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Changes in haemolymph proteins of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), associated with parasitism by the braconid parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson)

Abstract Changes in haemolymph proteins of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda , associated with parasitism by the parasitoid Cotesia (= Apanteles) marginiventris were monitored by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. As early as hour 4 after parasitization treatment, several electrophoretically slow-migrating, high-molecular-weight proteins were detected in the host's haemolymph. These proteins were detected earlier in haemolymph from parasitized larvae than in haemolymph from control larvae, and their concentrations were higher in heavily parasitized host larvae (≥ 3 eggs/host) than in lightly parasitized larvae (1 egg/host). Additionally, unique proteins that migrated electrophoretically with bovine serum albumin appeared in the haemolymph of parasitized larvae at hour 8 after parasitization treatment and were evident in haemolymph collected through to hour 64.
‘Erratum to “Application of WRF/Chem-MADRID for real-time air quality forecasting over the Southeastern United States” [Atmos. Environ. 45 (2011) 6241–6250]’

An error was discovered in two global attributes in some emis-sion ﬁles used for real-time air quality forecasting (RT-AQF) usingWRF/Chem-MADRID: MMINLU ¼ "", and ISWATER ¼ 0, whereMMINLU is a character string and enclosed in quotation marks ("),indicatingthetypeoflandusecategories,andISWATERisanintegerspecifying the land use category of water. Their correct valuesshould have been MMINLU ¼ "USGS" (i.e., the U. S. GeologicalSurvey 24-category Land Use Categories), and ISWATER ¼ 16 (i.e.,water bodies). The incorrect ISWATER value in those ﬁles led to anincorrect assignment of a value of 1 (Land) to the landmask indexoveroceanic area (the correct landmask forocean should have been0). The impact of the incorrect MMINLU and ISWATER values overocean on the RT-AQF results and model performance presented inour paper was found to be very small. This is attributed to the factthat the WRF model physics does not predict sea-surface tempera-ture (SST) and sea ice (i.e., no oceanic processes and airesea inter-actions are treated) (NCAR, 2011). Instead, the model simulationsused SST and sea ice ﬁelds from the National Center for Environ-mental Prediction’s (NCEP)/FNL meteorological forecast.To further verify the impact and our assessment, we comparedmodel simulation results of May 2010 with incorrect and correctMMINLU and ISWATER values. The absolute differences in theforecasted mixing ratios of maximum 1-h average ozone (O
Impact of standardization on EDI in B2B development

This paper investigates how the standardization on electronic data interchange (EDI) might affect B2B development in the real world of business. EDI technique has been evolved to become a very important technique with a lot of potential benefits. Its impacts on organizations both socially and economically are explored, together with a detailed discussion of the roles of XML in EDI.
Secondary structure effects on DNA hybridization kinetics: a solution versus surface comparison

National Institutes of Health (CA 89562); National Science Foundation (DBI-0096731); Army Research Laboratory (Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-00-2-0004); Boston University Photonics Center
Design and development of a 600 F pulse preamplifier for nuclear instrumentation

DESIGN considerations and evaluations are described for a high-temperature pulse preamplifier which can amplify low-level fission-chamber pulses near the source. The preamplifier can withstand the combined environmental conditions of
Electrokinetic Separation Methods

Electrophoresis is the transport of dissolved molecules or suspended particles in a homogeneous polar liquid (such as water) under the influence of an electric field. Most molecules or particles ac...
Electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of combined inferior myocardial infarction and left anterior hemiblock

New electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for diagnosing the combination of inferior myocardial infarction and left anterior hemiblock are proposed. The proposed criteria are based upon the relations between portions of the vectorcardiographic QRS loop in the frontal plane and the corresponding portions of the QRS complexes recorded by the limb leads. The application of the proposed criteria requires that the tracings be obtained with 3-channel ECG machines. The proposed criteria for the diagnosis of inferior myocardial infarction and left anterior hemiblock are as follows: (1) leads aVR and aVL both end in R waves, with the peak of the terminal R wave in lead aVR occurring later than the peak of the terminal R wave in lead aVL, and (2) a Q wave of any magnitude is present in lead II. The performance of the proposed criteria was superior to that of 10 combinations of traditional ECG criteria for inferior myocardial infarction and left anterior hemiblock.
An exploration of the professional development potential of living world games

By creating and modifying a living world game for professional development (PD), community colleges could more effectively acculturate instructors to community college's values, norms, and practices. I will conceptualize how collaborative game development would function to strengthen faculty learning communities by challenging existing faculty to engage in new literacies that will help them connect with students and other faculty, as well as share disciplinary and professional expertise in new ways. In my poster, I will use screen shots of Grand Theft Auto IV to illustrate the potential for living world games as immersive PD that I have collected while conducting a virtual ethnography of the game. I will conclude by exploring potential for building collaborative partnerships between educational institutions, game industry companies, and gamer communities to develop campus-specific living world PD video games.
Microlithographic Patterning of Oligonucleotides: Toward Fabrication of Multilevel DNA Based Devices

A strategy for achieving geometrical patterning of DNA is described. The approach comprises patterning of oligonucleotides on a glycidyl oxypropyl trimethoxy silane modified Si wafer by spin castin...
Why Do Poor democracies Collect a Lot of Tariff Revenue

Governments in developing countries typically collect a significantly higher proportion of their revenue in the form of trade taxes, than their developed country counterparts. This paper provides a political–economic explanation for this phenomenon. A model of trade in vertically differentiated products is used in order to determine the preferences of the households among different ways of raising government revenue. It is shown that the majority of households in poor countries will consume low-quality, domestically produced varieties of differentiated products and would thus register a preference for the government to rely more on tariff rather than income tax revenue in order to finance its operations.
The Effect of Feed and Water Deprivation on Water and Feed Consumption, Body Weight and Mortality in Broiler Chickens of Various Ages

Abstract WILSON AND EDWARDS (1955) reported a loss in body-weight and reduced feed intake in pullets deprived of water. Bierer et al. (1965) observed that feed consumption declined in chickens, turkeys, guinea pigs and mice deprived of water, and water consumption declined in feed deprived treatment groups. Gee and Huston (1965a) found that the percent of body-water and plasma-water decreased during feed and water deprivation but that the rate of body-water loss remained constant. The effect of feed and water deprivation on mortality of chickens and turkeys has been investigated by Marion et al. (1956), Fisher et al. (1961), Sunde (1962), Marsden et al. (1964, 1965), Bierer et al. (1965), Gee and Huston (1965b), and Haller and Sunde (1965). In this study, daily observations relative to the effect of feed and water deprivation on water and feed consumption are correlated with body-weight loss and mortality data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Separate groups …
The Archeological Record of Cultivated Crops of New World Origins

The importance of archeological plant remains has only recently been recognized. Earlier goals of archeology in North and South America emphasized architecture and art objects. Recent efforts have been directed toward recovery of the history of man’s development through any kind of evidence including plant remains.
Galois module structure of unramified covers

We use the theory of n-cubic structures to study the Galois module structure of the coherent cohomology groups of unramified Galois covers of varieties over the integers. Assuming that all the Sylow subgroups of the covering group are abelian, we show that the invariant that measures the obstruction to the existence of a “virtual normal integral basis” is annihilated by a product of certain Bernoulli numbers with orders of even K-groups of Z. We also show that the existence of such a basis is closely connected to the truth of the Kummer-Vandiver conjecture for the prime divisors of the degree of the cover.
Cell-mediated destruction of rous sarcomas in Japanese quails

A microcytotoxicity test was used to search for cell-mediated destruction of sarcomas, induced in Japanese quails by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of the Rous sarcoma virus (SR-RSV). Spleen cells from quails whose sarcomas had regressed (regressors) were cytotoxic to cultivated Rous sarcoma cells as were, to a lesser extent, regressor thymus cells, while no cytotoxic effect was seen with bursa cells. Autochthonous and allogeneic lymphoid cells from regressors were equally cytotoxic. No cytotoxic effect was seen, on the other hand, with lymphoid cells from quails with growing Rous sarcomas (progressors). Surgical bursectomy on the day of hatching, which depressed the formation of antibody production to sheep red-blood cells, led to a higher cytotoxic effect of regressor spleen cells than was seen with cells from non-bursectomized quails. Spleen cells from thymectomized birds which showed delayed skin graft rejection and had progressively growing rumors were not cytotoxic. Admixture of progressor spleen cells decreased the cytotoxic activity of normal regressor spleen cells unless the regressors had been bursectomized. DESTRUCTION A MEDIATION CELLULAIRE DES SARCOMES DE ROUS CHEZ LES CAILLES JAPONAlSES Les auteurs ont utilise un test de microcytotoxicite pour etudier la destruction a mediation cellulaire des sarcomes induits chez les cailles japonaises par la souche Schmidt-Ruppin du virus du sarcome de Rous ( VSR-SR). Les cellules spleniques provenant de cailles dont les sarcomes ont regresse (regres-seurs) sont cytotoxiques a l'egard des cellules de sarcome de Rous en culture; il en est de měme - quoique dans une moindre mesure–pour les cellules de thymus du type regresseur, alors qu'aucun effet cytotoxique n'apparaǐt avec les cellules du sac de Fa-bricius. Les cellules lymphoides autochtones et allogeniques des regresseurs sont egale-ment cytotoxiques. Par contre, aucun effet cytotoxique n'a ete observe avec les cellules lymphoǐdes de cailles dont les sarcomes de Rous progressaient (progresseurs). L'ablation chirurgicale du sac de Fabricius, pratiquee le jour de l' e closion, a attenue la formation d'anticorps contre les erythrocytes de mouton, et a accru l'effet cytotoxique des cellules spleniques de type “regresseur”par rapport a celui des cellules de cailles n'ayant pas subi l'ablation. Les cellules spleniques d'oiseaux thymectomises qui avaient des reactions tardives de rejet de greffes cutanees et etaient atteints de tu-meurs se developpant progressivement n'etaient pas cytotoxiques. L'addition de cellules spleniques du type progresseur attenue l'activite cytotoxique des cellules spleniques normales du type regresseur, a moins que les regresseurs n'aient subi l'ablation du sac de Fabricius.
Auditory-Motor Mapping Training as an Intervention to Facilitate Speech Output in Non-Verbal Children with Autism: A Proof of Concept Study

Although up to 25% of children with autism are non-verbal, there are very few interventions that can reliably produce significant improvements in speech output. Recently, a novel intervention called Auditory-Motor Mapping Training (AMMT) has been developed, which aims to promote speech production directly by training the association between sounds and articulatory actions using intonation and bimanual motor activities. AMMT capitalizes on the inherent musical strengths of children with autism, and offers activities that they intrinsically enjoy. It also engages and potentially stimulates a network of brain regions that may be dysfunctional in autism. Here, we report an initial efficacy study to provide ‘proof of concept’ for AMMT. Six non-verbal children with autism participated. Prior to treatment, the children had no intelligible words. They each received 40 individual sessions of AMMT 5 times per week, over an 8-week period. Probe assessments were conducted periodically during baseline, therapy, and follow-up sessions. After therapy, all children showed significant improvements in their ability to articulate words and phrases, with generalization to items that were not practiced during therapy sessions. Because these children had no or minimal vocal output prior to treatment, the acquisition of speech sounds and word approximations through AMMT represents a critical step in expressive language development in children with autism.
Facilitation of free recall of category names and instances by indirect part-set cuing

High-school students recalled category names and instances after a study period and a recognition test, which was intended to serve as a kind of indirect part-set cuing. They recalled both category names and noncued instances better after the part-set cuing. The amount of such cuing (one, two, or three of the four instances studied per category) made no difference. This form of indirect part-set cuing thus seems to produce facilitation, rather than the inhibition in retrieval that is so often found to result from more direct provision of partial cues, and thus may help to establish one kind of boundary condition for that phenomenon.
Associations of thrombophilia, hypofibrinolysis, and retinal vein occlusion.

We prospectively assessed whether thrombophilia and hypofibrinolysis, amplified by thrombophilic hormone replacement therapy (HRT), were associated with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). We studied 44 cases (18 men, 26 women), ≥ 3 months after RVO, 42 with central RVO, 2 with branch RVO, in the consecutive order of their referral by 2 community-based ophthalmologists. PCR and serologic coagulation assays were compared to 83 and 40 healthy adult normal controls, respectively. The 4G allele frequency of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene, associated with hypofibrinolysis, was 56 of 88 (64%) in cases vs 79 of 166 (48%) in controls, X2 = 5.95, p = .015. The PAI-1 gene product, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (PAI-Fx), was higher in cases than controls (age-race-sex-adjusted mean 12.2 U/mL vs 6.3, p = .013). By stepwise logistic regression, the PAI-1 gene 4G allele was associated with RVO, odds ratio 1.94, 95% CI 1.12-3.34, p = .018. Thrombophilic resistance to activated protein C (RAPC) w...
Measurement of Forces across Room Temperature Ionic Liquids between Mica Surfaces

Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquids that consist only of cations and anions. In spite of a plethora of emerging processes involving ionic liquids, there is no experimental measurement of the structure and dynamics of ILs at the solid−liquid interface comparable to the double layers of electrolyte solutions. Here, we report the direct measurements of the interactions (force−distance functions) between two atomically smooth mica surfaces across three different types of room temperature ILs. The forces are repulsive at all measured distances in all three cases, decaying exponentially with distance. Effective Debye screening lengths are found to be around 1−4 nm, much longer than expected from traditional theories, and strongly dependent on the size and molecular structure of the anion/cation. At small separations, in addition to the exponential repulsions, oscillatory forces are observed, while any monotonically attractive van der Waals forces, if present, are overwhelmed by the repulsive electrostatic and oscil...
Messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes isolated with oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography from kidney polysomes

Abstract As an initial step towards understanding the role of mRNP complexes in translational regulation during compensatory renal hypertrophy, characteristics of polysome-associated mRNP isolated by affinity chromatography were studied. Renal mRNP contained 15–30% of the counts after a 1 hr pulse with 3 H-orotic acid; it sedimented mainly between 10S and 100S and had a buoyant density of 1.42–1.44 g/cm 3 . RNA derived from the mRNP sedimented between 5S and 40S on sucrose density gradients, with the greatest radioactivity in the region of 15S. After labeling with 3 H-adenine for 1 hr, up to 17% of the radioactivity present in the mRNP-associated RNA was resistant to digestion by pancreatic and T1 ribonucleases. The mRNP protein moiety contained six polypeptides with molecular weights 69,000, 75,000, 80,000, 100,000, 109,000, and 118,000 daltons, which were undetected in the material not binding to oligo(dT)-cellulose.
Toward the Integration of Cultural Values and Alternative School Models: Challenges in Japan

In Japan, education is compulsory for children ages 6 through 15 (GimuKyoiku, n.d.). A majority of Japanese children who are in elementary grades attend public “neighborhood” schools; others attend...
Evolution of far-from-equilibrium nanostructures on Ag(100) surfaces: Protrusions and indentations at extended step edges

Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to monitor the formation and relaxation of nanoprotrusions and nanoindentations at extended step edges following submonolayer deposition of Ag on Ag(100). Deposition of up to about 1/4 ML Ag produces isolated two-dimensional (2D) Ag clusters, which subsequently diffuse, collide, and coalesce with extended step edges, thus forming protrusions. Deposition of larger submonolayer amounts of Ag causes existing step edges to advance across terraces, incorporating 2D islands. The resulting irregular step structure rapidly straightens after terminating deposition, except for a few larger indentations. Relaxation of these far-from-equilibrium step-edge nanoconfigurations is monitored to determine rates for restructuring versus local geometry and feature size. This behavior is analyzed utilizing kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of an atomistic lattice-gas model for relaxation of step-edge nanostructures. In this model, mass transport is mediated by diffusion along the step edge (i.e., ''periphery diffusion''). The model consistently fits observed behavior, and allows a detailed characterization of the relaxation process, including assessment of key activation energies. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
OMEPRAZOLE HYDROXYLATION BY CYP2C19 AND CYP3A4: PREDICTION TOWARDS HUMAN LIVER ACTIVITIES USING THE DATA OF RECOMBINANT P450 ENZYMES

Omeprazole 5-hydroxylation and sulfoxidation activities were determined in liver microsomes of different humans whose levels of individual forms of cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) varied. Omeprazole 5-hydroxylation by liver microsomes of a human sample which contained relatively high levels of CYP3A4 and low levels of CYP2C19 were inhibited very significantly by ketoconazole and anti-CYP3A4 antibodies, while a human sample having high in CYP2C19 and low in CYP3A4 was found to be sensitive towards fluvoxamine and anti-CYP2C9 antibodies. Both recombinant human CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 enzymes had activities for omeprazole 5-hydroxylation, with low Km and high Vmax values for the former enzyme and high Km and low Vmax values for the CYP3A4. Omeprazole 5-hydroxylation activities of different human samples were found to be related to predicted values calculated from the kinetic parameters of recombinant enzymes and the levels of liver microsomal P450 enzymes. When recombinant human CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 were mixed at levels found in different human samples, relatively similar profiles of omeprazole oxidation by the recombinant and microsomal enzyme systems were determined. These results suggest that both CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 are involved in the 5-oxidation of omeprazole (at a substrate concentration of 10 μM) in human liver microsomes and that contributions of these P450 enzymes depend on the compositions of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in liver. Different contributions of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 In the oxidation of testosterone and progesterone by human liver microsomes are also reported.
Complexity of Robotic Sensor Networks

With the increasing need of unmanned ground vehicles for combat applications, the collaboration and coordination of these vehicles have become important design considerations. Both collaboration and coordination require a large number of sensors. These sensors form a network. The complexity of such network is very important in the design stage. The objective of this paper is to give a new definition of complexity which can be used for design and implementation of sensor networks. Algorithms for predicting the complexity for sensor network are proposed. The implementation of the proposed algorithm is given.
Hypoxia inhibits induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity in topminnow hepatocarcinoma cells in an ARNT-dependent manner.

Hypoxic events often occur in waters contaminated with toxic chemicals, including agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). HIF-1α, the mediator of cellular responses to hypoxia, shares a dimerization partner (ARNT) with AhR and reciprocal crosstalk may occur. Studies addressing AhR/hypoxia crosstalk in mammalian cells have produced contradictory results regarding whether reciprocal crosstalk actually occurs between these pathways and the role ARNT plays in this interaction. We assessed hypoxia-AhR crosstalk in fish cells (PLHC-1) treated with hypoxia (1% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) and AhR agonists (benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF)) with and without overexpression of ARNT. Hypoxia limited the induction of a transiently transfected AhR reporter by all three of the AhR agonists; overexpression of ARNT eliminated this effect. PCB-126 had no effect on induction of a transiently transfected hypoxia reporter. BkF caused a minor increase in basal and induced hypoxia reporter activity. BaP decreased basal and induced hypoxia reporter activity; overexpression of ARNT did not alter this effect indicating that this interference with hypoxia pathway activity occurs through an alternate mechanism. Reduced hypoxia pathway activity with BaP treatment may be the result of a metabolite. This study supports the hypothesis that HIF-1α is able to sequester ARNT from AhR and limit the activity of the AhR pathway, but suggests that the converse is not true.
On the Gerchberg-Papoulis algorithm for extrapolating antenna patterns

Summary form only given. The Gerchberg-Papoulis (G-P) iterative algorithm is a powerful method of extrapolating a band-limited time-domain function outside the time interval t in which it is known (Gerchberg, Optica Acta, 21, 9, pp. 709-720, 1974, Papoulis, IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, 22, 9, pp. 735-742, Sep. 1975). The method starts with the Fourier transform of the signal with zero padding outside the time interval t. The spectral data outside the known frequency band of the signal is deleted before performing inverse transform to obtain a new time domain signal. In this time-domain signal, the waveform in the time interval t is replaced by the original known time signal. Iterating the last three steps allows one to determine the entire time domain signal subject to numerical precision. Recently, this method has been employed successfully in constructing the front half space farfield antenna pattern using truncated planar near field data for a Gaussian tapered aperture distribution, uniform aperture distribution and a rectangular horn with no more than 50 iterations (Martini et al., IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 56, 11, pp. 3485-3493, 2008). Martini et al. state that the G-P algorithm is suited to smoothly varying aperture distributions.The objective of this work is the application of the G-P technique for a wide range of aperture distributions to produce sum or difference patterns, and to understand the accuracy achievable as a function of the number of iterations, and the size of the truncated starting pattern. Initially we focus on one-dimensional aperture distributions since it may be easier to generalize the results. The contribution of the entire evanescent spectrum is incorporated using asymptotic evaluations. The effect of noise is investigated. The results will be applicable to the determination of the complete far-field pattern from the initial truncated near field data. Another application of this work is the determination of the far field at boresight from a small number of near field samples in a surface perpendicular to the axis. In this case it will be interesting to know how few near field samples are needed to reconstruct the far-field in the boresight direction. The results of our investigation will be presented at the symposium.
Reactivity of Sorbents with Hot Hydrogen Sulfide in the Presence of Moisture and Hydrogen

Hot-gas desulfurization for the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) process has been investigated by many researchers to remove effectively hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with various metal oxide sorbents at elevated temperatures. Various metal oxide sorbents are formulated with metal oxides such as Fe, Co, Zn, and Ti. In this article, reactivity of AHI-1 sorbent, obtained from the Research Triangle Institute (RTI), was investigated. Initial reactivity of AHI-1 sorbent with hydrogen sulfide was studied in the presence of various amounts of moisture and hydrogen at various reaction temperatures. AHI-1 sorbent consists of 20-w% Fe2O3, 10-w% ZnO, and 70-w% spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC). The objectives of this research were to study initial reaction kinetics for the AHI-1 sorbent–hydrogen sulfide heterogeneous reaction system, to investigate effects of concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, and moisture on dynamic absorption of H2S into the sorbent, to understand effects of space time of reacti...
Effects of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate on glucose transport and metabolism in rat adipose tissue

Abstract The effects of the dibutyryl derivative of cyclic AMP (N6-2′-O-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate, DBC) on glucose metabolism in segments of rat epididymal adipose tissue and isolated fat cells were evaluated. The oxidation of glucose to CO2 and its conversion to triglyceride was accelerated by DBC at a concentration too low to activate lipolysis (0.30 mM). Higher, lipolytic concentrations further increased oxidation of glucose but depressed lipogenesis. Oxidation of glucose carbon-6(C-6) was progressively increased by DBC while the oxidation of carbon-1 (C-1) was unaffected. Incorporation of C-6 into fatty acid was depressed by DBC but incorporation of C-1 was unchanged. Glyceride-glycerol formation from both C-1 and C-6 was stimulated by cyclic nucleotide. Total recovery of radioactivity from C-1 and C-6 in C02 and triglyceride was increased by DBC. DBC also increased the uptake of the non-utilizable sugar d -xylose by adipose tissue. At 0.30 mM, DBC also increased glucose metabolism in isolated fat cells, but higher concentrations progressively inhibited glucose metabolism. These data indicate that DBC stimulated the oxidation of glucose by segments of rat epididymal adipose tissue and suggest that this stimulation may be ascribed, at least in part, to accelerated entry of sugar into the adipose cells. The data also are consistent with the view that cyclic AMP may enhance the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glucose metabolism at the expense of the pentose cycle, that it inhibits lipogenesis, and it may mediate all the actions of epinephrine on glucose oxidation in adipose tissue.
Thixoforging of aluminum alloys

Abstract A new process for the forming of metal alloys into net or near-net shapes by forging-type operations was investigated. The process, denoted as thixoforging, uses a partially solidified, vigorously agitated rheocast metal as initial charge material. It was shown that intermittent operation of the slurry producer coupled with direct transfer of the semi-solid charge to the lower die of the forging press permits production of sound heat-treatable components that are free of entrapped oxides and which have excellent static and dynamic properties. Commercial 2024 aluminum-base alloy was used in the investigation. The solution heat treatment response of rheocast ingots and the structure and properties of thixoforged parts of the alloy were compared with conventionally solidified ingots and with forgings made from a completely liquid initial charge respectively. It was found that the initial spheroidal rheocast structure contains less non-equilibrium second phase and solutionizes more rapidly than the plate-like dendritic structure. The disk-shaped parts 0.12 m in diameter and 0.025-0.04 m high produced from both rheocast and liquid charge materials respond to heat treatment and possess properties comparable with those of the wrought alloy. For example, the tensile properties of the thixoforged parts in the T-6 condition were as follows: yield strength, approximately 35 kgf mm −2 ; ultimate tensile strength, 46.4 kgf mm −2 ; elongation, 11.2%. These values are slightly lower than those measured on squeeze-cast parts made in this study. The fatigue properties of the thixoforged parts, however, were slightly superior.
Widespread Genomic Instability Mediated by a Pathway Involving Glycoprotein Ibα and Aurora B Kinase

c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein induction of genomic instability (GI) contributes to its initial transforming function and subsequent tumor cell evolution. We describe here a pathway by which Myc, via its target protein glycoprotein Ibα (GpIbα), mediates GI. Proteomic profiling revealed that the serine/threonine kinase Aurora B is down-regulated by GpIbα in p53-deficient primary human fibroblasts. The phenotypes of Aurora B deficiency are strikingly reminiscent of Myc or GpIbα overexpression and include double-stranded DNA breaks, altered nuclear size and morphology, chromatin bridges, cleavage furrow regression, and tetraploidy. During mitosis, GpIbα and Aurora B redistribute to the cleavage furrow along with other cleavage furrow proteins. GpIbα overexpression at levels comparable with those seen in some tumor cells causes the dispersal of these proteins but not Aurora B, resulting in furrow regression and cytokinesis failure. Aurora B normalization redirects the mislocalized furrow proteins to their proper location, corrects the cleavage furrow abnormalities, and restores genomic stability. Aurora B thus appears necessary for a previously unrecognized function in guiding and positioning a number of key proteins, including GpIbα to the cleavage furrow. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining a delicate balance among cleavage furrow-associated proteins during mitosis. Suppression of Aurora B via GpIbα provides a unifying and mechanistic explanation for several types of Myc-mediated GI.
Factor analytic structure of the Scale to Asses World View

This article reports on the factor structure of theScale to Assess World View (c) (SAWV). Alpha reliabilities for the factors are presented. Gender differences in world views are also explored to understand how men and women in this sample viewed the world. Recommendations for client assessment, therapy, education and training, and scale revision are discussed.
Aperiodic tiling [computer graphics]

One of the most interesting ways of assembling small units is along one of the lattices that make up crystals. In this column I live entirely in a 2D world, so the crystals are nothing but collections of polygons in the plane. It is well known that there are only three regular polygons that can tile the plane. Here the verb tile means to cover the infinite plane with a set of polygons so that no gaps or overlaps exist among the polygons. Each polygon is called a tile and the composite pattern is called a tiling.
The ignition of combustible gases by flames

Abstract The ignition of a stoichiometric methane-nitric oxide mixture by stationary pilot flames has been investigated. These pilot flames can be burned indefinitely in the surrounding explosive mixture without causing ignition if the temperature or mass flow of the pilot is insufficient. For very small pilot flames the condition for ignition is a minimum energy flow (cal/s), whereas for large pilots a minimum temperature is necessary. This minimum ignition temperature is little related to the spontaneous ignition temperature. Ignition does not occur close to the burning zone of the pilot, but at the end of a luminous reacting column in which reaction rates, diffusion processes and heat conduction are the determining processes.
Analog VLSI signal fuzzifier

In this paper, an analog fuzzifier is designed and verified by SPICE simulation. Building blocks of winner-take-all circuits were developed to build the fuzzifier. The fuzzifier generates the membership functions of a fuzzy system by converting the input analog signals to their corresponding predetermined grade of memberships. It takes voltage-mode inputs and produces current-mode outputs for easy manipulations of the output fuzzy signals by the arithematic operations that follow. Furthermore, the fuzzifier is so flexible such that it can be readily adapted into most fuzzy systems, including neural networks, by changing the reference voltages and the number of building blocks used. The design of each building block is relatively simple as it only consists of four PMOS, four resistors and three current sources. The high speed of analog implementation also makes this fuzzifier more attractive than software implementations of the fuzzification process. © (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
BMI Modulates Calorie-Dependent Dopamine Changes in Accumbens from Glucose Intake

Objective Dopamine mediates the rewarding effects of food that can lead to overeating and obesity, which then trigger metabolic neuroadaptations that further perpetuate excessive food consumption. We tested the hypothesis that the dopamine response to calorie intake (independent of palatability) in striatal brain regions is attenuated with increases in weight. Method We used positron emission tomography with [11C]raclopride to measure dopamine changes triggered by calorie intake by contrasting the effects of an artificial sweetener (sucralose) devoid of calories to that of glucose to assess their association with body mass index (BMI) in nineteen healthy participants (BMI range 21–35). Results Neither the measured blood glucose concentrations prior to the sucralose and the glucose challenge days, nor the glucose concentrations following the glucose challenge vary as a function of BMI. In contrast the dopamine changes in ventral striatum (assessed as changes in non-displaceable binding potential of [11C]raclopride) triggered by calorie intake (contrast glucose – sucralose) were significantly correlated with BMI (r = 0.68) indicating opposite responses in lean than in obese individuals. Specifically whereas in normal weight individuals (BMI <25) consumption of calories was associated with increases in dopamine in the ventral striatum in obese individuals it was associated with decreases in dopamine. Conclusion These findings show reduced dopamine release in ventral striatum with calorie consumption in obese subjects, which might contribute to their excessive food intake to compensate for the deficit between the expected and the actual response to food consumption.
A Numerical Method for Free-Surface Flows and Its Application to Droplet Impact on a Thin Liquid Layer

We propose a simple and practical numerical method for free surface flows. The method is based various methods, the level set method of an interface capturing method, the THINC/WLIC (tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing/weighed line interface calculation) method of an interface tracking method, the CIP-CSL (constrained interpolation profile conservative semi-Lagrangian) method of a conservation equation solver, VSIAM3 (volume/surface integrated average based multi-moment method) of a fluid solver and the CSF (continuum surface force) model of a surface force model. The level set method and the THINC/WLIC method are combined by using a CLSVOF (coupled level set and volume-of-fluid) framework. The method is applied to Rayleigh-Taylor instability with surface tension force and droplet impact on a thin liquid layer (milk crown).
Hyperbranched Sulfonated Polydiphenylamine as a Novel Self-Doped Conducting Polymer and Its pH Response

A synthesis strategy for a hyperbranched sulfonated polydiphenylamine was developed. First, a hyperbranched polyvinylbenzoxylamine (H-PVBPA) was prepared by controlled atom transfer radical copolymerization of an amino-protected vinylbenzoxylamine (4-VBPA-tBOC) and 4-chloromethyl styrene followed by deprotection. Second, H-PVBPA was reacted with sodium diphenylamine sulfonate under acidic conditions to generate hyperbranched sulfonated polydiphenylamine (H-PSDA). The H-PSDA exhibited conductivities of 3.7 × 10-2 and 1.2 × 10-2 S/cm in HCl-doped and self-doped states, respectively. The microstructure of H-PSDA in aqueous solutions was found to be sensitive to the pH. In the dedoped state (at pH ≥ 7), AFM identified nanoscale particles of uniform size around 40 nm. The self-doped H-PSDA aggregated at pH = 7 via intermolecular doping interaction, generating large and irregular particles (>200 nm). When the pH was decreased below 5, the aggregates could be dispersed as smaller particles of about 120 nm becaus...
A pediatric case of chronic idiopathic urticaria induced by antihistamines.

URE 2. The patient’s left arm before (left) and 6 hours after (right) enhydramine was given 4 hours before this dose and had not pro fexofenadine in previous pollen seasons without any complications. Since onset, he has had daily generalized urticaria. After 2 months of symptoms despite taking daily fexofenadine (180 mg), the medication was changed to diphenhydramine 25 mg nightly. After 4 months without improvement, his medication was then changed to loratadine 5 mg twice daily, and his medication subsequently was changed to cetirizine 10 mg twice daily because symptoms remained unchanged. Although there was waxing and waning of severity, he had no days in which he was entirely symptom-free and had missed 19 days of school due to flares. Other than antihistamines, his only medication was montelukast for mild persistent asthma. Interestingly, since stopping cetirizine and montelukast for 3 days in anticipation of possible skin prick testing at the clinic, he did not have any urticaria. The patient’s urticaria occurred year-round, with no change in any particular season or time of day. His family reported that although he may have missed a day or two, he otherwise took an