cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Dynamic Inspiratory Nasal Apparatus: Comparison to Traditional Nasal Continuous Airway Pressure (NCPAP)

Abstract Background: The use of high flow nasal cannula has increased dramatically in the neonatal intensive care setting. High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) simulates a continuous positive airway pressure despite unpredictable leak by way of using a higher flow to “overwhelm” the resistive capacity of the nares and create a NCPAP like effect. There is no absolute way to assure that the transmitted pressures do not exceed what might be considered a safe range for the neonate. The ADINA (Adaptive Dynamic Inspiratory Nasal Apparatus) introduces an additional safety mechanism designed to adaptively restrict the amount of pressure that can be delivered to the nasal interface. Although flows can be entrained up to 4 LPM, airway pressure is limited by an adaptive pop off valve set at 10 cm H 2 O. Even if the pop off mechanisms were to fail to actuate, the device would continue to provide high flow nasal cannula delivery at levels that are already in wide clinical use. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive either “standard” nasal CPAP with Hudson prongs or high flow nasal cannula with the ADINA. Hudson prongs NCPAP pressure was started at 4–8 cm H 2 O. High flow nasal cannula was started at 2–4 L/min of flow. Oxygen requirement, level of pressure or flow support, radiologic changes, blood gas measurement, time to wean off protocol, and failure to wean/necessity for endotracheal intubation were monitored. 19 subjects were enrolled. Objectives: 1. Real-time device actuation—Can high flow nasal cannula be delivered with the additional safety of a pop off that actuates in real time? 2. Comfort of interface—Can this novel device provide a high flow nasal cannula effect simulating CPAP at the same comfort levels as those provided by conventional nasal cannula? Results: See Table below. There were two parents who refused to consent out of concern that their child would randomize to CPAP. Discussion: Although there was significant difference apparent in days on ADINA versus NCPAP ( p Conclusion: ADINA appears to be at equivalent to NCPAP in providing non-invasive ventilation.
Prolactin prevents hepatocellular carcinoma by restricting innate immune activation of c-Myc in mice

Women are more resistant to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than men despite equal exposure to major risk factors, such as hepatitis B or C virus infection. Female resistance is hormone-dependent, as evidenced by the sharp increase in HCC incidence in postmenopausal women who do not take hormone replacement therapy. In rodent models sex-dimorphic HCC phenotypes are pituitary-dependent, suggesting that sex hormones act via the gonadal-hypophyseal axis. We found that the estrogen-responsive pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL), signaling through hepatocyte-predominant short-form prolactin receptors (PRLR-S), constrained TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-dependent innate immune responses invoked by IL-1β, TNF-α, and LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), but not TRIF-dependent poly(I:C)/TLR3. PRL ubiquitinated and accelerated poststimulatory decay of a “trafasome” comprised of IRAK1, TRAF6, and MAP3K proteins, abrogating downstream activation of c-Myc–interacting pathways, including PI3K/AKT, mTORC1, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB. Consistent with this finding, we documented exaggerated male liver responses to immune stimuli in mice and humans. Tumor promotion through, but regulation above, the level of c-Myc was demonstrated by sex-independent HCC eruption in Alb-Myc transgenic mice. PRL deficiency accelerated liver carcinogenesis in Prl−/− mice of both sexes. Conversely, pharmacologic PRL mobilization using the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist domperidone prevented HCC in tumor-prone C3H/HeN males. Viewed together, our results demonstrate that PRL constrains tumor-promoting liver inflammation by inhibiting MAP3K-dependent activation of c-Myc at the level of the trafasome. PRL-targeted therapy may hold promise for reducing the burden of liver cancer in high-risk men and women.
The effects of radiation on parotid salivary function

Abstract Postoperative electron beam irradiation of patients with parotid cancer has been used regularly at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology to spare the opposite parotid and to preserve salivary function. Only anecdotal reports of amount of radiation required to ablate salivary function exist. To establish a dose-response curve for the human parotid, selective measurements of right and left parotid salivary flow were done for 15 age-matched control patients whose parotids were not irradiated, 17 patients who had both parotids irradiated, and 12 whose parotids were irradiated by unilateral electron beam technique. Point calculations of absorbed dose 1 cm below the surface were done for all 88 parotids and correlated with stimulated parotid salivary flow, pH, and secretory IgA (SIgA). Increasing doses of radiation resulted in progressive reduction of parotid salivary flow, pH and SIgA. The technique, dosimetry, and clinical application of unilateral electron beam irradiation to spare the opposite parotid will be discussed.
The queue inference engine: deducing queue statistics from transactional data

The transactional data of a queueing system are the recorded times of service commencement and service completion for each customer served. With increasing use of computers to aid or even perform service one often has machine readable transactional data, but virtually no information about the queue itself. In this paper we propose a way to deduce the queueing behavior of Poisson arrival queueing systems from only the transactional data and the Poisson assumption. For each congestion period in which queues may form in front of a single or multiple servers, the key quantities obtained are mean wait in queue, time-dependent mean number in queue, and probability distribution of the number in queue observed by a randomly arriving customer. The methodology builds on arguments of order statistics and usually requires a computer to evaluate a recursive function. The results are exact for a homogeneous Poisson arrival process with unknown parameter and approximately correct for a slowly time varying Poisson process.
On the strain rate sensitivity of high density polyethylene and polypropylenes

Abstract The strain rate sensitivity of thermoplastic materials namely high density polyethylene (HDPE), homopolymer polypropylene, and high isotactic homopolymer polypropylene and concurrent microstructural evolution is investigated. Strain rate sensitivity index followed the sequence, HDPE>homopolymer polypropylene>high isotactic homopolymer polypropylene. The strain rate sensitivity index parameter of the examined polymeric materials is consistent with the micro-mechanisms of deformation and modes of fracture. Deformation processes in HDPE involved fibrillation and craze-tearing, while homopolymer polypropylene and high isotactic polypropylene were predominantly characterized by craze-tearing and brittle modes of fracture.
A one-device memory cell using a single layer of polysilicon and a self-registering metal-to-polysilicon contact

The fabrication and operation of a novel one-device dynamic memory cell are described. Like the conventional double overlapping polysilicon cell, the new memory cell has a diffused bit line and a metal word line, uses five basic masking operations, and provides essentially equivalent cell area for the same lithographic feature size. Unlike the double polysilicon cell, however, the new cell uses a single layer of polysilicon to provide a more planar surface topography, and a self-registering metal-to-polysilicon contact to provide a small cell area. An essential aspect of the fabrication method of the self-registered contact cell is the use of two lithographic masking operations that define two patterns in a single polysilicon layer, the MOSFET gate electrode and the MOS capacitor electrode. The self-registering contact also facilitates a powerful polysilicon wiring technique that is applicable to the access circuits located peripherally to the array of memory cells.
Cautionary Tales: Teaching, Accountability, and Assessment

AbstractThree teacher educators recount cautionary tales to serve as a catalyst for -discussion and share their collective musings about teaching, accountability, and assessment. From ongoing reflection and conversations, three themes emerged: expertise, certainty, and orthodoxy. They begin by clarifying their understandings of these three areas and then provide commentary about each one.
Regulation of Reproductive Rate by Intra-uterine Mortality in the Deer Mouse

Under crowded conditions (four mating pairs per cage), pregnant female deer mice of a partially domesticated strain, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii, showed increased resorption of implanted embryos...
Human glucose phosphate isomerase : exon mapping and gene structure

The structure of the gene for human glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) has been determined. Three GPI clones were isolated from a human genomic library by using a full-length GPI cDNA probe and were characterized. Oligonucleotides based on the known cDNA sequence were used as primers in amplification and sequence analyses. This led to the identification of the exon-intron junctions. By this approach, 18 exons and 17 introns have been identified. The exons range in size from 44 to 431 nucleotides. The intronic sequences surrounding the exons provide useful information for the identification of mutations that give rise to human GPI deficiency associated with chronic hemolytic anemia.
Relative-intensity-noise cancellation in bandpass external-modulation links

A new method of optically summing time-shifted complementary signals to cancel relative intensity noise (RIN) in narrow-band external-modulation optical links is proposed and demonstrated. Differential-link noise figure and dynamic-range improvement are compared to the conventional low-biased modulator configuration for suboctave applications. RIN suppression of 12 dB at 4 GHz is demonstrated.
Photodissociation dynamics of dimethyl disulfide

Abstract We present the resonance Raman spectrum of dimethyl disulfide excited with 266 nm laser light. The spectrum contains a progression of ten peaks assigned to the C–S stretch mode. This suggests that the initial motion of the dissociating molecule out of the Franck–Cordon region stretches the C–S bond. This interpretation is supported by semi-empirical calculations of the first excited singlet potential energy surface. The calculations suggest the next highest excited singlet state dissociates along the S–S bond, in agreement with work at shorter wavelengths by other workers.
Transforming the Initial Marketing Education Experience: An Action Learning Approach

Marketing education today is facing significant challenges in attracting and retaining high-quality students. The focus of this article is to advocate engaging 1st-year students in the practice of marketing to help develop their identity as a marketing major, to see the relevance of their studies, and to enhance their thinking and self-regulating learning skills. Action Learning is offered as a pedagogy capable of transforming the initial introduction to marketing experience into a highly motivating and engaging course. An innovative Marketing 101 course is described in which freshman undertake multiple cycles of analyzing, planning, implementing, and controlling marketing strategies in an on-campus coffee house.
Coulomb Interference in High-Energy Scattering

The relativistic Coulomb interference problem is carefully examined in order to evaluate critically the equations used in analyzing experiments designed to test the forward $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ dispersion relations. We show that with a suitable interpretation the nonrelativistic Bethe formula for the phase difference $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ between the strong and electromagnetic contributions is valid. However, for high energy near forward scattering there are unknown contributions which can change this phase by $O(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ rad; this is to be compared with a magnitude of $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ of $\ensuremath{\sim}2\ensuremath{\alpha}$ rad. We further show that two previous relativistic calculations of $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ are incomplete. The effects of calculable radiative corrections such as soft photon emission or vacuum polarization are examined. For the former it is found that although their magnitude is relatively large, they can, in general, be neglected. The reason for this is that by folding an accurate measurement of the total cross section into the data analysis a compensation of errors is induced. No such compensation takes place for the case of vacuum polarization, and its contribution could be important. Finally, we investigate the effects of small admixtures to the strong interactions which are not of the form ${e}^{a+{b}^{2}t}$. We find that they are unlikely to be of significance here provided they can be assumed to be $\ensuremath{\lesssim}20%$ of the complete amplitude.
Prolonged Survival in Homozygous High A2‐Type Beta Thalassaemia

Longevity in patients with well-documented homozygous β thalassaemia is quite uncommon. This report describes a family with two brothers with β thalassaemia of intermediate severity who lived until ages 34 and 51. The older sibling had a haemoglobin A2 of 6.3% and a haemoglobin F og 25.1%. The presence of thalassaemia trait in all four of his children in the face of haematologically normal spouse, provided genetic evidence for homozygosity in this patient. Biochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of homozygous β thalassaemia by showing markedly decreased β chain synthesis in his reticulocytes. This family study indicates that the condition of homozygosity is one of the possibilities in thalassaemic patients with prolonged survival.
Influence of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid sources on prostaglandin levels in mice.

Studies from this laboratory, employing a hairless mouse model, have indicated that a polyunsaturated fatty acid source rich in omega-3 (n−3) fatty acid (FA) inhibits ultraviolet (UV)-carcinogenic expression, when compared to that of diets containing predominantly n−6 fatty acids. Omega-3 FA is a poor substrate for cyclo-oxygenase, the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis—the latter, particularly PGE2, are known to influence tumor biology. Based upon this rationale, plasma and cutaneous PGE2 levels were determined from hairless mice fed diets containing either 4% or 12% corn or menhaden oil. After two weeks on the respective diets, plasma PGE2 levels of corn oil-fed animals were approximately 6-fold greater than those of the menhaden oil-fed groups. A similar response was found in the dermis. Although the relationship to carcinogenic expression is unknown, dietary n−3 FA content can have a pronounced effect upon PGE2 levels and possesses the potential for influencing other immunomodulators.
Inviscid drops with internal circulation

The shape of a moving inviscid axisymmetric drop is considered as a function of surface tension and of the intensity of the internal circulation. In a frame of reference moving with the drop, the drop is modelled as a region of diffused vorticity which is bounded by a vortex sheet, and is imbedded in streaming flow. First, an asymptotic analysis is performed for a slightly non-spherical drop whose circulation is very close to that required for the spherical shape. The results indicate that steady drop shapes may exist at all but a number of distinct values of the Weber number, the lowest two of which are 4.41 and 6.15. For highly deformed drops, the problem is formulated as an integral equation for the shape of the drop, and for the strength of the bounding vortex sheet. A numerical procedure is developed for solving this equation, and numerical calculations are performed for Weber numbers between 0 and 4.41. Limiting members in the computed family of solutions contain spherical drops, and inviscid bubbles with vanishing circulation. Computed new shapes include saucer-like shapes with a rounded main body and an elongated tip. The relationship between inviscid drops and drops moving at large Reynolds numbers is discussed.
Expression of the mouse fragilis gene products in immune cells and association with receptor signaling complexes

The mouse genome possesses five genes encoding proteins homologous to human Leu-13. The Leu-13 protein associates with immune cell receptor activation complexes: a monoclonal antibody against Leu-13 induces T and B cells to form homotypic aggregates, inhibits activation-induced proliferation and induces the shedding of L-selectin. The mouse fragilis proteins have not been previously analyzed as components of the immune response. Antibody and nucleic acid reagents were generated that are specific for each of the five fragilis gene products. Expression of some of these genes (fragilis and fragilis3) is wide spread in a variety of mouse immune (and nonimmune) tissues while others (fragilis5) appear to be much more restricted. These proteins have been predicted to span the membrane twice with both amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences extracellular: we show that a highly conserved loop of the protein between the transmembrane domains is intracellular. The fragilis proteins are associated with tetraspanin proteins CD81 and CD9: B cell activation positions fragilis into lipid rafts along with the CD81, CD19, and CD21. The mouse functional equivalent to human Leu-13 may not be single gene product, but instead may require the contribution of multiple fragilis proteins.
Subcellular localization of flavonoid synthesizing enzymes in Pisum, Phaseolus, Brassica and Spinacia cultivars

Abstract Functionally-intact chloroplasts were obtained from 11-day-old pea ( Pisum sativum cv Midfreezer) seedlings. Enzyme-distribution studies with ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and NADPH-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase showed that ca 2.1% of the total tissue chloroplasts were present in the chloroplast preparation. The rate of intactness of chloroplast preparations was 34–82%. SAM:caffeic acid methyltransferase, flavanone synthase, UDPG:flavonoid-3- O -glucosyltransferase and SAM:quercetin methyltransferase activities were measured in the homogenate, supernatant and chloroplast lysate fractions. Significant activities of the above four enzymes could only be detected in the homogenate and supernatant fractions. Similar experiments with 11-day-old seedlings of green beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris cv Early Gallatin), red cabbage ( Brassica oleracea cv Red Danish) and 6-week-old plants of spinach ( Spinacia oleracea cv Bloomsdale) showed a similar distribution of the flavonoid synthesizing enzymes. We conclude that under the reported conditions chloroplasts are not involved in flavonoid biosynthesis.
Performance study of VeSFET-based, high-density regular circuits

In this paper, we study circuits implemented using high-density arrays composed of Vertical Slit Field Effect Transistors. This layout style could dramatically increase transistor density and therefore reduce fabrication cost. However, its geometrical restrictions, imposed by the super-regular transistor arrangement and strictly parallel metal tracks pose new design challenges. Our experiments reveal that very dense cell-level interconnect pattern may be responsible for unnecessary 15% increase of the circuit-level, critical path delays. We demonstrate that these extra delays can be avoided by constructing appropriate cell interconnect layouts and by more flexible usage of available metal layers for intra-cell routing. To balance the performance and metal layer usage, we propose a linear programming-based technique for critical net re-routing.
A Report on Using General-Case Programming to Teach Collateral Academic Skills to a Student in a Postsecondary Setting:

The authors’ purpose in this report is to examine the application of general-case programming to teach collateral academic skills to a student with pervasive developmental disorder–not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and with a mild intellectual disability who was attending college. The authors use data drawn from their work with Tom to explain and illustrate how a general-case approach may be developed and implemented effectively. The authors’ experience provides initial support for the utility of general-case programming for teaching acquisition and generalization of collateral academic skills. They make recommendations to guide researchers in future investigations of the application of the general-case programming to teach skills that enhance the successful integration of students with disabilities in postsecondary programs.
Protection of mice against experimental murine mycoplasmosis by a Mycoplasma pulmonis immunogen in lysogenized Escherichia coli

Abstract A construct of the Mycoplasma pulmonis (MP) genomic library, using randomly sheared DNA, was cloned in λgt11 and transfected into C600 Escherichia coli organisms. Clones of E. coli expressing a fusion protein reactive with anti-MP and monospecific serum were transferred orally or intravenously into Balb/c mice. Expression of the fusion protein was induced by adding isopropyl-β- D -thiogalactopyranoside to the drinking water. This vaccination protocol led to local and systemic antibody formation, to generation of immune lymphocytes and to protection against large numbers of virulent MP organisms. This approach might be generally successful in preventing infectious disease.
Partition relations on a plain product order type

Abstract The goal of this short note is to interest set theorists in the order type ω ∗ ⋅ ω 1 , and to encourage them to work on the question of whether or not the Continuum Hypothesis decides the partition relation τ → ( τ , infinite path ) 2 , for τ = ω ∗ ⋅ ω 1 and for τ = ω 1 ω + 2 .
Depressive realism and clinical depression.

Abstract Depressive realism suggests that depressed individuals make more accurate judgments of control than their nondepressed counterparts. However, most studies demonstrating this phenomenon were conducted in nonclinical samples. In this study, psychiatric patients who met criteria for major depressive disorder underestimated control in a contingent situation and were consistently more negative in their judgments than were nondepressed controls. Depressed patients were less likely than their nondepressed counterparts to overestimate control in a noncontingent situation, but largely because they perceived receiving less reinforcement. Depressed patients were no more likely to use the appropriate logical heuristic to generate their judgments of control than their nondepressed counterparts and each appeared to rely on different primitive heuristics. Depressed patients were consistently more negative than their nondepressed counterparts and when they did appear to be more “accurate” in their judgments of control (as in the noncontingent situation) it was largely because they applied the wrong heuristic to less accurate information. These findings do not support the notion of depressive realism and suggest that depressed patients distort their judgments in a characteristically negative fashion.
Mechanics of two-stage crack growth in fretting fatigue

Motivated by experimental observations, we carry out a numerical analysis of the two-stage crack growth under fretting fatigue by using an efficient and accurate boundary element method. To start with, the variation of stress field during a loading cycle is analyzed. Various values of friction coefficient in the contact zone are considered, which is shown to considerably affect the stress field. Then, by assuming crack initiation to occur in the shear mode, a surface-breaking crack is introduced to the specimen at the location of highest shear-stress amplitude. The crack-tip stress intensity factors (SIFs) are calculated for various crack lengths and at various crack angles ranging from 25° to 45° about the contact surface. It is shown that, for a loading ratio of 0.5, the cyclic mode-II SIF amplitude decreases with increasing crack length, whilst its mean value increases. It suggests that the (first-stage) shear crack would sooner or later become dormant, or switch to another mode that can provide continuous support of growth. Then, the first-stage shear crack is manually kinked into a second-stage opening crack, and the follow-on driving force is analyzed. It is shown that the kinking event is only favored after the first-stage crack has grown to a certain length. The present study thus provides insights in the mechanics of two-stage crack growth that has been frequently observed in a typical dovetail joint under fretting fatigue. It also suggests an improved experimental setup to quantitatively investigate the fretting fatigue in dovetail joints.
Examination of the oral mucosa and peripheral blood cells of patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration for human herpesvirus DNA

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to exam the oral mucosa and peripheral blood cells of patients with recurrent aph-thous ulceration (RAU) for the presence of the following human herpesviruses: herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus-6, and human herpesvirus-7. Study design. Fifty-eight subjects with RAU and 10 control subjects were recruited at an academic referral center and enrolled in this prospective, nonrandomized, case-controlled study. Each of the subjects with RAU was seen during an acute episode, and swab specimens from lesional (RAU-acute/lesion) and clinically normal (RAU-acute/normal) oral mucosa were obtained. Each of 2 subjects with RAU was evaluated during more than one acute episode. Three subjects with RAU were seen between active episodes, and swab specimens were taken from clinically normal (RAU-convalescent) oral mucosa. Swab specimens from clinically normal (control/normal) oral mucosa were obtained from the control subjects. Peripheral blood specimens were obtained from subjects with RAU and control subjects at the time the swab specimens were performed. Through use of polymerase chain reaction, all swab and peripheral blood specimens were examined for the presence of human herpesvirus DNA. Statistical significance was determined by means of χ 2 analysis. Results. Herpes simplex virus and human herpesvirus-6 were found in a higher percentage of mucosal specimens from the control subjects (herpes simplex virus, 4/10; human herpesvirus-6, 5/9) than from the subjects with RAU (RAU-acute/lesion: 3/45 herpes simplex virus, 13/53 human herpesvirus-6; RAU-acute/normal: 7/48 herpes simplex virus, 9/53 human herpesvirus-6). No difference was demonstrated between RAU-acute/lesion, RAU-acute/normal, and RAU-convalescent mucosal specimens for any of the human herpesviruses. Different human herpesviruses were identified from individual subjects with RAU during subsequent episodes of disease. Epstein-Barr virus (6/35), human herpesvirus-6 (3/40), and human herpesvirus-7 (7/43) were detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells during acute RAU but not in RAU-convalescent or control peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Conclusions. The detection of human herpesvirus DNA from the oral mucosa and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with RAU appears to represent normal viral shedding rather than a direct causal mechanism in this disorder. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;89:193-8)
Emotional responses to art: From collation and arousal to cognition and emotion.

Emotions and art are intimately related (Tan, 2000). From ancient to modern times, theories of aesthetics have emphasized the role of art in evoking, shaping, and modifying human feelings. The experimental study of preferences, evaluations, and feelings related to art has a long history in psychology. Aesthetics is one of the oldest areas of psychological research, dating to Fechner's (1876) landmark work. Psychology has had a steady interest in aesthetic problems since then, but art has never received as much attention as one would expect (see Berlyne, 1971a; Tan, 2000; Valentine, 1962). The study of art and the study of emotions, as areas of scientific inquiry, both languished during much of the last century. It is not surprising that the behavioral emphasis on observable action over inner experience would lead to a neglect of research on aesthetics. In an interesting coincidence, both art and emotion resurfaced in psychology at about the same time. As emotion psychologists began developing theories of basic emotions (Ekman & Friesen, 1971; Izard, 1971; Tomkins, 1962), experimental psychologists began tackling hedonic qualities of art (Berlyne, 1971a, 1972, 1974). Since then, the psychology of emotion and the psychology of art have had little contact (see Silvia, in press-b; Tan, 2000).
Melting and Vaporization of the 1223 Phase in the System (Tl-Pb-Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O).

The melting and vaporization of the 1223 [(Tl,Pb):(Ba,Sr):Ca:Cu] oxide phase in the system (Tl-Pb-Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O) have been investigated using a combination of dynamic methods (differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, effusion) and post-quenching characterization techniques (powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry). Vaporization rates, thermal events, and melt compositions were followed as a function of thallia loss from a 1223 stoichiometry. Melting and vaporization equilibria of the 1223 phase are complex, with as many as seven phases participating simultaneously. At a total pressure of 0.1 MPa the 1223 phase was found to melt completely at (980 ± 5) °C in oxygen, at a thallia partial pressure (pTl2O) of (4.6 ± 0.5) kPa, where the quoted uncertainties are standard uncertainties, i.e., 1 estimated standard deviation. The melting reaction involves five other solids and a liquid, nominally as follows: [Formula: see text] Stoichiometries of the participating phases have been determined from microchemical analysis, and substantial elemental substitution on the 1212 and 1223 crystallographic sites is indicated. The 1223 phase occurs in equilibrium with liquids from its melting point down to at least 935 °C. The composition of the lowest melting liquid detected for the bulk compositions of this study has been measured using microchemical analysis. Applications to the processing of superconducting wires and tapes are discussed.
Experimenter gender and size estimation accuracy

Sixty-four female undergraduates were assigned to a male or female experimenter and required to estimate body widths for the waist, hips, and thighs. Level of inaccuracy was determined by comparing estimates with actual site sizes. Experimenter gender had no effect on levels of size-estimation accuracy. The results are discussed with regard to the need to further manipulate aspects of subject samples and experimenter characteristics to determine possible confounding factors in body image research.
Retroperitoneal fibroma with calcification

Abstract 1. 1. A case of retroperitoneal fibroma is presented. 2. 2. Only thirteen previous cases are reported in the literature. 3. 3. Points in the etiology, pathology and diagnosis of the case are discussed.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE HYPOCHROMISM OF DNA.

The ultraviolet absorption spectra of a number of DNA's of natural origin, and varying in base composition between 73 and 37 mole per cent (guanine plus cytosine) have been obtained in a methanolic medium of low ionic strength both at room temperature and at a temperature 10°C above the midpoint for the helix → coil transition. In addition, the spectra of the stoicheiometric mixtures of deoxynucleotides corresponding to the identical base composition have been computed from published data. Similar sets of spectra have also been obtained for the synthetic DNA's, dAT and dG : dC. From these spectra we have calculated two sets of difference spectra (coils-helix) and (nucleotides-helix), as well as the corresponding wavelength-dependent hypochromicities as a function of base composition. The results have been interpreted in terms of a linear combination of difference spectra for isolated “average” A-T and G-C pairs in the helix, which differ from those of the corresponding synthetic, helical polydeoxyribonucleotides.
Quality of publicly-funded outpatient specialty mental health care for common childhood psychiatric disorders in California.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the documented adherence to quality indicators for the outpatient care of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and major depression for children in public mental health clinics and to explore how adherence varies by child and clinic characteristics. Method A statewide, longitudinal cohort study of 813 children ages 6.0-16.9 years with at least 3 months of outpatient care, drawn from 4,958 patients in 62 mental health clinics in California from August 1, 1998, through May 31, 1999. The main outcome was documented adherence to quality indicators based on scientific evidence and clinical judgment, assessed by explicit medical record review. Results Relatively high adherence was recorded for clinical assessment (78%-95%), but documented adherence to quality indicators related to service linkage, parental involvement, use of evidence-based psychosocial treatment, and patient protection were moderate to poor (74.1%-8.0%). For children prescribed psychotropic medication, 28.3% of the records documented monitoring of at least one clinically indicated vital sign or laboratory study. Documented adherence to quality indicators varied little by child demographics or clinic factors. Conclusion Efforts to improve care should be directed broadly across clinics, with documentation of safe practices, particularly for children prescribed psychotropic medication, being of highest priority.
Practical Image Rejection for Single Branch BPSK Receivers

An efficient digital image suppression technique for binary phase shift keying receivers based on independent component analysis is presented. It requires only one antenna and single downconversion path. As a result, the receiver's complexity is much lower than that of quadrature or dual-antenna receivers. Simulation results confirm that the performance of the simplified receiver is comparable to other more complex receivers.
Doctor, what's wrong with me? Factors that delay the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Objective To examine the influence of patient and physician communication factors on diagnostic delay (DD).
The differential influence of vowels and palatal covering on nasalance scores.

Objective: To investigate whether nasalance scores would differ when the hard palate and soft palate were covered during speech. Design: Nasalance scores were obtained during production of sentence stimuli loaded with differing vowel content across three conditions: (1) hard and soft palate uncovered (U); (2) hard palate covered by acrylic appliance (H); (3) both hard and soft palate covered by acrylic appliance (B). Sentences were loaded with high front, low front, high back, low back, or mixed vowels. Velopharyngeal closure was verified by nasoendoscopy. Participants: Six female adults with normal speech and resonance provided the speech samples. Main Outcome Measures: Nasalance scores for each of five sentences in each of three palatal conditions. Results: Mixed and high front sentences had significantly higher mean nasalance scores in the U (P < .01) and H (P < .05) conditions but not in the B condition. For all sentence stimuli combined across palatal conditions, there was a significant differen...
Involvement of Peripheral Opioid Mechanisms in Electroacupuncture Analgesia

The involvement of the peripheral opioid system in modulating inflammatory pain has been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of electroacupuncture (EA)-mediated peripheral opioid release. Rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant in one of the hind paws to induce localized inflammatory pain. The pain behavioral changes were measured by paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimulus. At day 5 of inflammation, rats received a second injection of saline or opioid antagonists into the inflamed paw, followed by EA at 30 Hz, 2 mA, and 0.1 ms for 30 minutes. The EA was conducted at acupuncture point GB30. A control was used in which needles were inserted at GB30 but no electrical stimulation was applied. Rats receiving EA showed a significantly longer PWL as compared with the control from 30 minutes to three hours after EA treatment. Intraplantar but not intraperitoneal injection of naloxone methiodide, a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist, eliminated the analgesic effect at 30 minutes after EA treatment. Intraplantar injection of an antibody against beta-endorphin and a corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist also produced a reduction in PWL in rats receiving EA. These data strongly suggest that peripheral opioids are released by EA at the inflammatory site.
A Revision of Solanum Section Herpystichum

Abstract Solanum section Herpystichum includes 10 species of ground-trailing and climbing vines that root adventitiously at the nodes. Molecular data support section Herpystichum as a member of the Potato clade of Solanum. All of the species inhabit primary and secondary rainforests and occur from southern Mexico to northern Peru. The group is defined by its vining, node-rooting habit, and by its fruit structure; several species have strongly flattened fruits that are unique in Solanum. Most species of sect. Herpystichum have narrow distributions, and four species are endemic to Ecuador and one is endemic to Colombia. Moreover, they tend to be rare in the habitats where they occur and, as a result, are poorly collected and poorly known. Also, because of their restricted distributions, small numbers of populations, and habitat destruction, seven of the 10 species are considered rare and threatened. Descriptions, distribution maps, a phylogeny, photos or illustrations, and a key to the species are presented.
Organizational sexual harassment: Translating research into application

Abstract Using videotaped scenarios, this study tested factors believed to predict the identification of verbal remarks and nonverbal behaviors associated with workplace flirting and sexual harassment. Hypotheses representing four applied communication perspectives—experimental, work experience, victim, and sexualized work environment— addressed alternative positions from which sexual harassment can arguably be examined. An additional hypothesis tested the assumption that empathy is a suitable foundation for sexual harassment training. Results (1) contradict earlier findings that women are better at identifying social‐sexual behavior. Further, results demonstrate that (2) employees view social‐sexual behavior differently than students, (3) victims of sexual harassment do not identify more social‐sexual cues, (4) employees in a sexually charged environment are not better at identifying social‐sexual cues, and (5) empathic ability does not increase participants’ abilities to identify social‐sexual cues. The...
TGFβ1-induced suppression of glutathione antioxidant defenses in hepatocytes: caspase-dependent posttranslational and caspase-independent transcriptional regulatory mechanisms

SPECIFIC AIMSOxidative stress has been implicated in mediating TGFβ1-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. The tripeptide antioxidant glutathione (GSH) plays a vital role in maintaining cellular redox status and protecting against oxidative injury in the liver. Though there is growing evidence that intracellular glutathione levels regulate cellular sensitivity to apoptotic cell death, little is known concerning the dynamic regulation of GSH biosynthesis during apoptosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms mediating TGFβ1-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and determine whether suppression of GSH biosynthesis may play a role in TGFβ1-induced apoptotic cell death, we examined TGFβ1-induced apoptosis in the TAMH murine hepatocyte cell line.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. Bcl-XL regulates TGFβ1-induced apoptosis in the murine TAMH hepatocyte cell lineTreatment of TAMH cells with TGFβ1 resulted in the activation of multiple caspases, which correlated with the appearance of apoptotic morphology and a loss in cell viability. TGFβ1-in...
Crystal Structure of UAP56, a DExD/H-Box Protein Involved in Pre-mRNA Splicing and mRNA Export

UAP56 is an essential eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing factor and mRNA export factor. The mechanisms of its functions are not well understood. We determined the crystal structures of the N- and C-terminal domains of human UAP56 (comprising 90% of the full-length UAP56) at 1.9 A resolution. The two domains each have a RecA-like fold and are connected by a flexible linker. The overall fold of each domain is highly similar to the corresponding domains of eIF4A (a prototypic DExD/H-box protein), with differences at the loops and termini. This structural similarity suggests that UAP56 is likely to possess ATPase and helicase activity similar to eIF4A. The NTP binding pocket of UAP56 is occupied by a citrate ion, mimicking the phosphates of NTP and retaining the P loop in an open conformation. The crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of UAP56 also reveals a dimer interface that is potentially important for UAP56's function.
Teacher Effects on Social and Behavioral Skills in Early Elementary School.

Although many recognize that social and behavioral skills play an important role in educational stratification, no studies have attempted to estimate teachers’ effects on these outcomes. Using data...
A WYSIWYC (what you see is what you compute) spreadsheet

Sheet based programming languages (spreadsheet applications) are one of the most popular classes of applications on personal computers. Unfortunately, many spreadsheets created by both inexperienced and experienced users are incorrect. A fundamental reason for this is the independence of the computational structure of a spreadsheet from its visible structure. We define a new sheet-based visual language which attempts to overcome this difficulty by using the visible structure of the spreadsheet as the means of specifying the computational structure-a What You See is What You Compute (WYSIWYC) spreadsheet. >
Modulation of Insulin Activity by Hydrochloride Salts

The influence of hydrochloride salts of various amino acids and other drugs on the activity of exogenously administered insulin was studied in the rat. Insulin activity was assessed in terms of insulin9s effects on lowering of blood glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal medulla, and the elevation of urinary catecholamines. Insulin alone produced a 60–70% fall in blood glucose and NEFA, 70% depletion of adrenal epinephrine, a 10-fold increase in urinary epinephrine, and a 2-fold elevation of adrenal dopamine. Concurrent administration of hydrochloride salts completely abolished all clinical manifestations that usually accompany insulin injection. Serum glucose and NEFA remained unchanged, the fall in adrenal epinephrine was blocked, and the increase in urinary catecholamines was abolished. These data suggest that certain hydrochloride salts possess an anti-insulin property. They decrease tissue responsiveness to insulin, thus rendering its action ineffective. The implication of these findings on the treatment of diabetic subjects requiring insulin therapy is discussed.
Identification of cryptic rearrangements in patients with 18q- deletion syndrome

The majority of patients with 18q- syndrome appear cytogenetically to have a terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 18. These 18q- patients are diagnosed by use of standard cytogenetic banding techniques, which have resolution insufficient for precise genotyping. In our effort to obtain a thorough genotype, we have analyzed the DNA from 35 patients who originally were diagnosed as having de novo terminal deletions of chromosome 18. Molecular analysis was performed with polymorphic markers throughout the 18q- region. Cytogenetic FISH was performed with two human 18q telomeric probes, a chromosome 18-specific alpha-satellite probe, and whole chromosome 18-specific paint. Of 35 patients previously reported to have terminal deletions of 18q, we found that 5 (14%) have more-complex cryptic rearrangements and that 3 (9%) retain the most distal portion of 18q, consistent with an interstitial rather than a terminal deletion. These findings indicate that a standard karyotype can lead to insufficient characterization in 18q- syndrome. This has important ramifications for phenotype mapping of this syndrome, as well as for proper prognosis.
Parasitic capillary waves: a direct calculation

As in a previous theory (Longuet-Higgins 1963) parasitic capillary waves are considered as a perturbation due to the local action of surface tension forces on an otherwise pure progressive gravity wave. Here the theory is improved by: (i) making use of our more accurate knowledge of the profile of a steep Stokes wave; (ii) taking account of the influence of gravity on the capillary waves themselves, through the effective gravitational acceleration g* for short waves riding on longer waves.Nonlinearity in the capillary waves themselves is not included, and certain other approximations are made. Nevertheless, the theory is shown to be in essential agreement with experiments by Cox (1958), Ebuchi, Kawamura & Toba (1987) and Perlin, Lin & Ting (1993).A principal result is that for gravity waves of a given length L > 5 cm there is a critical steepness parameter (AK)c at which the surface velocity (in a frame of reference moving with the phase-speed) equals the minimum (local) speed of capillary-gravity waves. On subcritical gravity waves, with steepness AK (AK)c, capillary waves can only be generated in the wave troughs; they are trapped between two caustics near the crests. Generally, the amplitude of the parasitic capillaries is greatest on gravity waves of near critical (but not maximum) steepness.
Nested interleaving transcoder for MPEG-4 Simple Profile bitstream

We propose a nested interleaving scheme in order to provide three levels of synchronization in a compressed video bitstream for low data rate wireless applications. The first level of interleaving specifies the starting position of each macroblock (MB) in a video frame. The second level of interleaving provides the start position of each MB header codeword and the start position of each DCT block. The start position of each VLC in a DCT block is located in a known position by the third level of interleaving. Our scheme is assumed to operate in the form of a transcoder, placed before and after the channel, of a MPEG-4 Simple Profile bitstream. Since the three level interleaving provides synchronization on a VLC scale, syntax-based bit error detections can be done in a VLC unit. The detected errors can be repaired syntactically so that the transcoder generates a MPEG-4 compliant bitstream which can then be decoded with a standard MPEG-4 decoder such as MoMuSys (FDIS V1.0).
The Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses

Article de synthese sur l'importance du virus de l'immunodeficience simienne dans trois domaines de la recherche sur le SIDA: les origines du HIV, la pathogenie du SIDA, et le developpement de vaccins et de therapies
The Eclipse 3.0 platform: adopting OSGi technology

From its inception Eclipse was mainly designed to be a tooling platform, but with Version 3.0, Eclipse is now evolving toward a Rich Client Platform (RCP). This change, driven by the open-source community, brought a whole set of new requirements and challenges for the Eclipse platform, such as dynamic plug-in management, services, security, and improved performance. This paper describes the path from the proprietary Eclipse 2.1 runtime to the new Eclipse 3.0 runtime based on OSGiTM specifications. It details the motivation for such a change and discusses the challenges this change presented.