cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Associations between prior HPV4 vaccine doses and cervical cancer screening participation

Abstract Background Cervical cancer screening, regardless of HPV vaccination, is a cornerstone of cancer prevention. This study evaluated associations between prior HPV vaccine doses and initiation and continued participation of screening by age at vaccination. Methods Using electronic medical records for a safety net healthcare system (Truman Medical Center), women aged 14⿿26 y vaccinated (n = 1123) between 07/01/2006 and 10/1/2009 were randomly selected and matched on birth year and health campus to unvaccinated (n = 1123) women. Frequency of screening was determined through 07/01/2013. Hazard ratios (HR) for screening were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Screening rates were higher after vaccination: unvaccinated (53%), first (62%), second (59%) or third (61%) doses. Women who initiated screening were less likely to complete the vaccine series, regardless of age. Women receiving one dose were more likely than unvaccinated women to initiate screening (HR = 2.98 95% Confidence Interval (CI):2.45⿿3.61) and were more likely to screen than those receiving two (1 vs. 2, HR = 2.94 95% CI:2.09⿿4.14) or three doses (1 vs. 3, HR = 3.15 95% CI:2.21⿿4.48). Compared to unvaccinated women, women Conclusions Women who were vaccinated were more likely to screen than unvaccinated women; screening rate was highest after and occurred closest to the first vaccine dose. Research evaluating the efficacy of a one-dose vaccine is warranted and may provide both higher vaccination and screening rates.
Quantifying short-term and long-term health benefits of attaining ambient fine particulate pollution standards in Guangzhou, China

Abstract In 2012, Chinese Environmental Bureau modified its National Ambient Air Quality Standards to include fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Recent air pollution monitoring data shows that numerous locations have exceeded this standard, which may have resulted in avoidable adverse health effects. For example, among the 74 Chinese cities with PM2.5 monitoring data in 2013, only three cities attained the annual air quality standard (35 μg/m3). This study aimed to quantify the potential short- and long-term health benefits from achieving the Chinese ambient air quality standard and WHO’s air quality objectives. A generalized additive model was used to estimate the short-term association of mortality with changes in daily PM2.5 concentrations, based on which we estimated the potential premature mortality reduction that would have been achieved during the period of 2012–2015 if the daily air quality standard had been met in Guangzhou, China; we also estimated the avoidable deaths if attaining the annual air quality standard using the relative risk obtained from a previous cohort study. During the study period, there were 160 days exceeding the national daily PM2.5 standard (75 μg/m3) in Guangzhou, and the annual average concentration (47.7 μg/m3) was higher than the air quality standard of 35 μg/m3. Significant associations between PM2.5 and mortality were observed. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with increases in daily death counts of 0.95% (95% CI: 0.56%, 1.34%) in natural mortality, 1.31% (95% CI: 0.75%, 1.87%) in cardiovascular mortality, and 1.06% (95% CI: 0.19%, 1.94%) in respiratory mortality. The health benefits of attaining the national daily air quality standard of PM2.5 (75 μg/m3) would have prevented 143 [95% confidence interval (CI): 84, 203] fewer natural deaths, including 84 (95% CI: 48, 121) fewer cardiovascular deaths and 27 (95% CI: 5, 49) fewer respiratory deaths. Had the annual PM2.5 levels been reduced to 35 μg/m3, an estimated 3875 (95% CI: 1852, 6074) natural deaths, 2378 (95% CI: 800, 4230) cardiovascular deaths, and 227 (95% CI: -437, 1033) respiratory deaths could have been prevented. Even greater substantial mortality reductions could be achieved if the WHO’s air quality objectives were met. Our study suggests that air pollution is significantly associated with mortality in Guangzhou, and more stringent air quality standards would significantly reduce air pollution-related premature mortality.
Abstract B04: IKBKE integrates Gli and mTOR-AKT activation during Kras-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies lacking effective therapeutic strategies. Here we show that the non-canonical IκB-related kinase, IKBKE, acts downstream of the Gli transcription factors and engages in reciprocal regulation of Gli signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. We find that loss of IKBKE inhibits the initiation and progression of pancreatic tumors in mice carrying pancreatic specific KRAS activation. Mechanistically, IKBKE does not play a major role in NF-κB activation in pancreatic cancer; but is critical for AKT activation in vivo. Moreover, we find that IKBKE promotes reactivation of AKT post-inhibition of mTOR in PDAC cells, and that combined inhibition of IKBKE and mTOR synergistically blocks pancreatic tumor growth. Together, our findings highlight the functional interaction of IKBKE with Hh/Gli and mTOR/AKT signaling in pancreatic cancer, and suggest IKBKE inhibition as a strategy to improve efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in the clinic. Citation Format: Mihir Rajurkar, Martin Fernandez-Zapico, Brian Lewis, Junhao Mao. IKBKE integrates Gli and mTOR-AKT activation during Kras-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Developmental Biology and Cancer; Nov 30-Dec 3, 2015; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(4_Suppl):Abstract nr B04.
Ferrous freudenbergite in ilmenite megacrysts; a unique paragenesis from the Dalnaya kimberlite, Yakutia

A suite of picroilmenite megacrysts from the Dalnaya kimberlite, Siberia, was found to fall into one of two groups, the most abundant having 11-12 wt% MgO and 650-1500 ppm Nb, and the others having lower MgO (8.8-10.2 wt%) and higher Nb (1700-2700 ppm). Ferrous freudenbergite (Na 2 FeTi 7 O 16 ) crystals were found included in many of the megacrysts from the first group. The freudenbergite-bearing ilmenite megacrysts are also pervaded by micrometer-size spots that have elevated Al 2 O 3 (>2 wt%), SiO 2 (>0.4 wt%), and Na 2 O(>0.15 wt%) contents. The low Cr 2 O 3 vs. Nb content of the second group may reflect clinopyroxene crystallization. This may be a factor influencing the lack of freudenbergite in these megacrysts. All ferrous freudenbergite samples studied previously are manifested as metasomatic reaction mantles replacing rutile. The freudenbergite from the Dalnaya kimberlite described in this paper occurs as small (max. 150 mu mX40 mu m), euhedral, prismatic inclusions in picroilmenite (11-12 wt% MgO) megacrysts, with no associated rutile. Minor-element (Cr, Al, and Mg) substitutions for Fe are more extensive than in previously studied freudenbergite, with up to 1.4 wt% Cr 2 O 3 , 1.9 wt% Al 2 O 3 , and 3.1 wt% MgO. Nb is relatively low, typically less than 0.3 wt% Nb 2 O 5 with a maximum of 1.1 wt%. Reaction of some of the freudenbergite with an alkalic fluid has resulted in thin, discontinuous rims and embayments of perovskite and an unidentified hydrous calcium titanate, around most crystals. Rapid ascent from depth and shielding by ilmenite may have been contributing factors to the preservation of freudenbergite in these samples. The significance of the euhedral nature of freudenbergite and the lack of any genetic relationship with rutile suggest that it crystallized by a process other than simple metasomatic replacement of rutile. Indeed, the freudenbergite probably crystallized directly from a Na+Ti-rich fluid infiltrating the ilmenite megacrysts. The several occurrences (Liberia, Bultfontein, and Dalnaya) of ferrous freudenbergite suggest that it may be more common in kimberlites than previously recognized.
The Global and Local Movements to Slow Global Warming

Leaders of the 36 countries that make up the Alliance of Small Island States spoke clearly and forcefully at the Paris Summit on climate change. They risk losing their entire countries as the seas overtake them, and their entire populations become climate refugees. For that reason, the peoples who live in these countries are probably the most thoughtful and articulate members of a growing international social movement to slow climate change and global warming. In this chapter, I explain the importance of the provision “common but differentiated responsibilities” and describe some of the many social movements that aim to slow warming, including those organized around the goal of divesting from fossil fuels.
Bench‐to‐bedside: Bridge‐enhanced anterior cruciate ligament repair

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most well-known orthopaedic injuries and are treated with one of the most common orthopaedic procedures performed in the United States. This surgical procedure, ACL reconstruction, is successful at restoring the gross stability of the knee. However, the outcomes of ACL reconstruction can be limited by short and long-term complications, including muscle weakness, graft rupture, and premature osteoarthritis. Thus, new methods of treating this injury are being explored. This review details the pathway of how a tissue engineering strategy can be used to improve the healing of the ACL in preclinical studies and then translated to patients in an FDA-approved clinical study. This review paper will outline the clinical importance of ACL injuries, history of primary repair, the pathology behind failure of the ACL to heal, pre-clinical studies, the FDA approval process for a high risk medical device, and the preliminary results from a first-in-human study. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2606-2612, 2017.
Structural Change and Innovation in the Global Agricultural Input Sector

Recent proposed mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the agricultural input industry, especially among developers of crop protection products, seeds, and biotechnology, have attracted much attention. Vertical and horizontal consolidation in this sector has been ongoing, however, and such restructuring both makes possible and is driven by technical innovation. In this chapter, we review the emerging innovation and business model in the agricultural input sector and discuss the factors that have enabled it.
Cyclic nucleotide signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an expanding repertoire

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful microbial pathogens, and currently infects over a quarter of the world's population. Mtb's success depends on the ability of the bacterium to sense and respond to dynamic and hostile environments within the host, including the ability to regulate bacterial metabolism and interactions with the host immune system. One of the ways Mtb senses and responds to conditions it faces during infection is through the concerted action of multiple cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. This review will describe how Mtb uses cyclic AMP, cyclic di-AMP and cyclic di-GMP to regulate important physiological processes, and how these signaling pathways can be exploited for the development of novel thereapeutics and vaccines.
Edward John Mostyn Bowlby: Reframing Parental Investment and Offspring Attachment

Introductory psychology classes and texts invariably feature attachment theory, which is rightly regarded as a pillar of the field. The acknowledged founder of attachment theory, John Bowlby, resisted the tide of psychoanalysis and instead pursued a more biological explanation of parent–child relations, characterized by insecure attachment variants as dysfunctional miscarriages of mother–infant bonding. Contrary to Bowlby’s assumptions, the supposed pathology of the insecure attachment is reframed by life history evolution as strategic adaptation to reproductive ecologies. While insecure attachment is not specifically adaptive, eliciting rearing behaviors displayed by parents, like early sexual debut, mate diversity, completed fertility, and other resultant mating behaviors displayed by the child at maturity, are adaptive within unpredictable and stochastic environments.
Combating Human Trafficking Through Transnational Law Enforcement Cooperation: The Case of South Eastern Europe

This study aims at analyzing one of the most challenging elements of the international community’s efforts to combat the grave societal problem of human trafficking. It examines the problem through the lenses of the New Haven School of Jurisprudence. Thematically, this study focuses on substantive and procedural issues of international cooperation in criminal matters, concentrating on the transnational organized crime of trafficking in human beings. Geographically, the study investigates the prospects for such cooperation through showcasing some countries in the region of South Eastern Europe. The methodology employed helps to delimit the problem of transnational crime, cooperation in criminal matters, or lack thereof; it identifies the conflicting claims and lays out past trends in decision, actual agreements, and instances of cooperation, to be followed by the projection of future trends. The study concludes with an appraisal of past practices and recommends better approaches to the problem, in order to enhance the prospects for a world public order of human dignity in this field.
COMEX: a commodities support system

We are developing an intelligent support system, COMEX, to manage the data that a commodities analyst receives in agricultural reports. COMEX must have the following capabilities: 1) finding relevant facts, 2) determining implications, 3) checking reliabilities, 4) monitoring, 5) alerting, 6) reporting, 7) answering queries. The research involves natural language, representation, common sense reasoning, qualitative simulation and user modelling. Here, I address representation and reasoning by describing COMEX-0 a working prototype of a module of COMEX. COMEX-0 uses frames (Minsky, 1975), (Goldstein & Roberts, 1977) for representing knowledge. About twenty types of event are represented, together with crop-states, weather, commodities, quantities and prices. Frame structures are Interwoven with procedures. COMEX-0 builds frame structures by means of a formal dialogue with a user: Each frame has procedures for requesting information to instantiate its slots. Procedures attached to slots check that responses satisfy the requirements of the slot. Unsatisfied requirements complain giving a reason for unacceptability.
Li2S–Li2O–P2S5 solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries

Abstract Various compositions of Li 2 S–Li 2 O–P 2 S 5 solid electrolytes were prepared by planetary ball milling and systematically investigated. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy showed phase changes in the electrolyte corresponding to changes in conductivity. All-solid-state LiCoO 2 /Li cells were tested by constant–current–constant–voltage (CCCV) charge–discharge cycling at a current density of 50 μA cm − 2 between 2.5 and 4.3 V (vs. Li/Li + ). In spite of reduced conductivity from introducing oxide species into a sulfide based electrolyte, increased cycle stability is observed for increased concentrations of Li 2 O in the electrolyte.
A Contingent Effect of Trust? Interpersonal Trust and Social Movement Participation in Political Context*

Objective Previous studies on the relationship between interpersonal trust and social movement participation have largely focused on the simple link, without attention to the interaction between trust and aspects of the political context. This study investigates this contingent effect of two types of interpersonal trust (ingroup and outgroup trust) on social movement participation. Method The data are drawn from the World Values Survey 6th wave and country‐level Macro Indices from 41 countries. We use multilevel modeling (random coefficient model) to test the contingent effect of trust. Results The results reveal a positive association between outgroup trust and protest participation, moderated by both functioning institutions and state repression. Meanwhile, ingroup trust is not significantly associated with protest participation. Conclusion This contingent theory of trust could reconcile previous inconsistent empirical findings and explain why trust may have an insignificant or weaker effect on social movement participation in some contexts.
Hausdorff Path Clustering and Hidden Markov Model Applied to Person Movement Prediction in Retail Spaces

Current advances in technology allow for the efficient capturing and storage of high-resolution and high-frequency person movement data.
UNIT 15.8 High-Throughput Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR

Extensive detail on the application of the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) for the analysis of gene expression is provided in this unit. The protocols are designed for high-throughput, 384-well-format instruments, such as the Applied Biosystems 7900HT, but may be modified to suit any real-time PCR instrument. QPCR primer and probe design and validation are discussed, and three relative quantitation methods are described: the standard curve method, the efficiency-corrected ΔCt method, and the comparative cycle time, or ΔΔCt method. In addition, a method is provided for absolute quantification of RNA in unknown samples. RNA standards are subjected to RT-PCR in the same manner as the experimental samples, thus accounting for the reaction efficiencies of both procedures. This protocol describes the production and quantitation of synthetic RNA molecules for real-time and non-real-time RT-PCR applications. Keywords: QPCR; quantitative PCR; real-time PCR; reverse transcription PCR; RT-PCR; RNA expression analysis
Interventions for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation in Patients With Heart Failure: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Comparisons of Surgery, Medical Therapy and Transcatheter Intervention.

ABSTRACT Background Mitral regurgitation (MR) in heart failure (HF) notoriously carries a poor prognosis. While there are multiple interventional options for treatment, the optimal intervention remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgery, medical therapy, and transcatheter intervention in secondary MR. Methods A systematic database search was performed to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluate various interventions for secondary MR. We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis to calculate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% credible intervals (CIs). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were moderate-severe MR, HF-hospitalizations, and freedom from severe HF symptoms. Results We identified 12 RCTs (2316 total patients; age 67.6 ± 11; 63% males, and 74% with ischemic cardiomyopathy). There was a significant reduction of mortality at 24-months with transcatheter leaflet repair compared with medical therapy (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.34–0.96). However, there were no significant differences among the competing treatments in all-cause mortality at the earlier time points of 30-days or 12-months (P > 0.05). Recurrent moderate-severe MR was significantly less with valvular interventions compared with medical therapy (P 0.05). Conclusions Among patients with HF and secondary MR, transcatheter leaflet repair was associated with significantly reduced 24-month mortality compared with medical therapy. Valvular interventions were associated with lower rates of recurrent moderate-severe MR, but non-significant improvements in clinical outcomes. Further long-term studies are needed to identify the best route of intervention for secondary MR.
Synthetic data accuracy sensitivity to CAD model accuracy using ATR-based metrics

In this paper we present a methodology for validating a 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD) model's accuracy for radar data synthesis. CAD models have been used to generate computer simulated radar frequency (RF) data. One problem with existing CAD-based simulations is that there is no metric or tool to verify whether data produced from the CAD model can be classified correctly before and after modifications have been made. This paper presents a methodology to quantify the similarities and differences in data generated from CAD models before and after modifications and presents this information through confusion matrices and a visualization technique. Results for three experiments involving CAD model modifications are presented.
Pulmonary Mycobacterium Spindle Cell Pseudotumor in Patient With Liver Transplant.

Abstract We report a case of liver transplant patient who presented with lung masses, found to be Mycobacterium spindle cell pseudotumors. The masses demonstrated hypermetabolic activities on positron emission tomography. Core biopsy revealed sheets of spindle histiocytic cells with abundant acid-fast bacilli identified as Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. This finding is a rare presentation of Mycobacterium infection, mainly nontuberculous Mycobaterium. It is characterized by a benign, spindle cell mass-forming reaction. Most of the reported cases had acquired immune deficiency syndrome or organ transplant. Histopathology illustrating the proliferation of spindle cell shaped histiocytes containing numerous acid-fast bacilli is the gold standard for diagnosis. The standard treatment has not been well established; previously reported cases followed the standard treatment for Mycobacterium based on organ involvement. Our case is the first case to our knowledge that reports pulmonary Mycobacterium spindle cell pseudotumors in a liver transplant recipient.
Modes of marijuana use - smoking, vaping, eating, and dabbing: Results from the 2016 BRFSS in 12 States.

Abstract Background The prevalence of modes of marijuana use (e.g., smoked, vaped, eaten, dabbed, etc.), and of multi-modal use has not been assessed across multiple states, and can inform marijuana prevention and education work, given that certain modes of use are associated with specific public health risks. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different modalities of reported marijuana use among adults in 12 states. Methods Data came from 6174 adult marijuana users age 18 and older who responded to questions about past month and mode of marijuana use on the 2016 BRFSS surveys in 12 states with varied state marijuana policies. We used weighted frequencies for descriptive analyses, and logistic regression to identify correlates of multi-modal use. Results The prevalence of past month (current) marijuana use among adults in these states was 9.1 % (males = 12.0 %, females= 6.3 %). Among current marijuana users, 33.7 % reported multiple methods of marijuana use, 90.1 % reported any marijuana smoking (e.g., joints, blunts, bongs, bowls), 58.3 % reported only smoking (no other modes of consumption), 24.5 % reported any edible use, 4.5 % reported using only edibles, 19.4 % reported any marijuana vaping, 2.1 % reported only vaping, 14.5 % reported any dabbing (flash vaporization/inhalation of highly concentrated marijuana), and 0.4 % reported only dabbing. Correlates of multimodal use are also examined. Conclusion Multi-modal use of marijuana is common, and use of non-smoked marijuana (edibles, vaping, dabbing) often occurs in conjunction with other modes of marijuana use. Ongoing surveillance of marijuana modes of use and multi-modal use is warranted to inform public education and prevention.
Core vocabulary lists for young children and considerations for early language development: a narrative review

For early symbolic communicators, acquisition of an initial vocabulary is a critically important achievement that sets the stage for future language development. Children who require augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) rely on others to select and provide these important first words for them. One resource to help guide this process includes published lists of words that may contribute to a core vocabulary for individuals who require AAC. Although some clinicians report that they consider or prioritize core words during the vocabulary selection process, it is not known whether an emphasis on core words will best meet the expressive vocabulary needs of early symbolic communicators. The purposes of this narrative review were to (a) review studies that have developed word lists to inform selection of a core vocabulary for young children who require AAC, (b) compare the words on these lists to the early words used by children with typical development, and (c) consider the implications for vocabulary selection and language development for early symbolic communicators who require AAC. Results suggest that core word lists may under-emphasize many of the types of words that predominate in early expressive vocabulary; these lists may not be the most appropriate resources to guide AAC system design and instruction for early symbolic communicators.
Endometriosis Associated Striated Muscle Changes: Simulating Tumor

Endometriosis in the abdominal wall can be a diagnostic challenge, both clinically and pathologically. We are describing a case of abdominal wall endometriosis where regenerative muscle cells are florid. The cells are small and polygonal in shape, arranged in groups, and intersecting through differentiated skeletal muscle. Cells have pink cytoplasm and a centrally located nucleus. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates diffuse positivity with S100 and CD56, and they are negative with Ae1/Ae3, Pax8, inhibin, calretinin, and CD68. Cells are also focally positive with actin, vimentin, and myogenin. Electron microscopy reveals the presence of intracytoplasmic myofibrils. These groups of small cells are compatible with early to intermediately differentiated skeletal muscle cells as demonstrated by histomorphology, immunohistochemical pattern, and ultrastructure analysis. Muscle undergoes a regenerative process following injury. Endometriosis associated regenerative changes in muscle are very rare as documented in the English literature. The presence of florid regenerative muscle cells mimics a neoplastic process. In this report, we describe the histomorphological and immunohistochemical pattern of regenerative muscle groups and discuss differential diagnoses. We found electron microscopy to be an important diagnostic tool in this case.
Prototype equation of state for phase transition of confined fluids based on the generalized van der Waals partition function

A simple self-consistent prototype equation of state (EOS) based on the generalized van der Waals (vdW) partition function has been demonstrated to describe the phase transition of simple fluids in nanopores with uniform size. Different from those commonly presented in the literature, the new EOS does not need an auxiliary equation that is conventionally applied to provide the capillary pressure derived from surface tension. The encouraging performance of the EOS calls for further extension to applications with more complex fluids and porous media.
Physical Design for 3D Chiplets and System Integration

Heterogeneous three-dimensional (3-D) package-level integration plays an increasingly important role in the design of higher functional density and lower power processors for general computing, machine learning and mobile applications. In TSMC's 3DFabricTM platform, the back end packaging technology Chip-on-Wafer-on-Substrate (CoWoS®) with the integration of High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) has been successfully deployed in high performance compute and machine learning applications to achieve high compute throughput, while Integrated Fan-Out (InFO) packaging technology is widely used in mobile applications thanks to its small footprint. System on Integrated Chips (SoIC), leveraging advanced front end Silicon process technology, offers an unprecedented bonding density for vertical stacking. Combining SoIC with CoWoS and InFO, the 3DFabric family of technologies provides a versatile and flexible platform for system design innovations. A 3DFabric design starts with system partitioning to decompose it into different functional components. In contrast to a monolithic design approach, these functional components can potentially be implemented in different technologies to optimize system performance, power, area, and cost. Then these component chips are re-integrated with 3DFabric advanced packaging technologies to form the system. There are new design challenges and opportunities arising from 3DFabric. To unleash its full potential and accelerate the product development, physical design solutions are developed. In this presentation, we will first review these advanced packaging technologies trends and design challenges. Then, we will present design solutions for 3-D chiplets and system integration.
Refractory hypophosphatemia following ferric carboxymaltose administration

Hypophosphatemia is a rare side effect of intravenous iron replacement. Urinary phosphate wasting due to increased FGF23 is the most likely mechanism. Here, we present a case of intractable hypophosphatemia in a 32-year-old female patient with history of ulcerative colitis (UC), who was primarily hospitalized due to UC flare-up. Her urinary fractional excretion of phosphate was inappropriately elevated at 70%. A careful history revealed that she had been treated with ferric carboxymaltose 2 weeks prior to hospitalization, leading to a diagnosis of iron-induced hypophosphatemia. She was treated with 5 weeks of intravenous sodium phosphate since she did not tolerate oral supplementation. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of iron-induced hypophosphatemia and be cautious when prescribing intravenous iron.
Laparoscopic Management of an Interstitial Ectopic Pregnancy

Study Objective An interstitial ectopic pregnancy, also known as a cornual ectopic pregnancy, is rare form of tubal ectopic pregnancy and is associated with high maternal mortality (2-2.5%). The objective of this film is to review the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and management of an interstitial ectopic pregnancy. Design This is a case report of a patient who presented with an interstitial ectopic pregnancy. Setting The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative course took place at a center for minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. The surgery was performed with the patient in dorsal lithotomy position. Patients or Participants N/A Interventions In this film, we review the specific technique for performing a laparoscopic cornual wedge resection with a laparoscopic ultrasonic dissector and removal of the specimen through a laparoscopic specimen retrieval bag. We also identify surgical principles for reducing intraoperative blood loss and improving patient outcomes. Lastly, we review postoperative and fertility outcomes and expectations. Measurements and Main Results Key strategies were employed to minimize intraoperative blood loss including administration of tranexamic acid at the start of the procedure, myometrial infiltration with dilute vasopressin and maintaining view of anatomic landmarks to avoid encountering the utero-ovarian vasculature. The ectopic pregnancy was successfully resected, and the patient's fertility was preserved. Conclusion After watching the film, the viewer should be able to diagnose an interstitial ectopic pregnancy on transvaginal pelvic ultrasound by identifying the "interstitial line sign" and be able to reasonably differentiate it from other forms of ectopic pregnancy. The viewer will understand the management options including both local and systemic methotrexate, as well as surgical options, including laparoscopic cornual wedge resection. The viewer will have a grasp of the surgical principles employed to reduce intraoperative blood loss and the evidence for counseling patients regarding future fertility.
Serologic titers to Leptospira in vaccinated pigs and interpretation for surveillance.

Diagnosis and surveillance of pathogenic Leptospira is difficult as organisms may be intermittently shed and in small numbers. Therefore, serologic testing by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the primary screening method for leptospirosis. While a MAT titer ≥1:100 is considered to be a positive result, interpretation is complicated by the use of commercial vaccines in pigs. Most guidelines for interpretation of MAT titers in pigs were published in the 1970’s and 1980’s, prior to the development of the current multivalent vaccines. We evaluated MAT titers in routinely vaccinated healthy research pigs compared to their unvaccinated cohorts. Our study confirmed previous reports that the Pomona serovar elicits minimal antibody response even after a second booster 6 months after initial vaccination. However, MAT titers of ≥1:3,200 were detected as early as 4 weeks post initial vaccination for serovars Bratislava and Icterohaemorrhagiae and remained as high as ≥1:1,600 prior to booster at 24 weeks post vaccination. Our study determined that high levels of MAT titers can occur from vaccination alone and high titers are not necessarily indicative of infection. Therefore, the interpretation of MAT titers as indicators of Leptospira infection should be readdressed.
BarrierNet: A Safety-Guaranteed Layer for Neural Networks.

This paper introduces differentiable higher-order control barrier functions (CBF) that are end-to-end trainable together with learning systems. CBFs are usually overly conservative, while guaranteeing safety. Here, we address their conservativeness by softening their definitions using environmental dependencies without loosing safety guarantees, and embed them into differentiable quadratic programs. These novel safety layers, termed a BarrierNet, can be used in conjunction with any neural network-based controller, and can be trained by gradient descent. BarrierNet allows the safety constraints of a neural controller be adaptable to changing environments. We evaluate them on a series of control problems such as traffic merging and robot navigations in 2D and 3D space, and demonstrate their effectiveness compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
Determinism, Determination, and Objectivity in Modern Physics

Kant's case for the objectivity of at least some of our experience is more threatened by the indeterminate than the indeterministic character of modern physics. Indeterminancy is a complex notion. It can be understood, ultimately, in terms of the failure of a “separability” principle, that objects can be individuated only with respect to non-vanishing spatial-temporal intervals. Its failure seems to follow from the fact that it is indispensable to the derivation of Bell's Theorem and that the conclusion of the Theorem is incompatible with well-established empirical results. But Kant's case for objectivity depends on it. The result is unsettling.
Comparison of 3-Year Outcomes for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery and Drug-Eluting Stents: Does Sex Matter?

Background Several randomized controlled trials and observational studies have compared outcomes for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and drug-eluting stents (DES), but these studies have not thoroughly investigated the relative difference in outcomes by sex. We aimed to compare 3-year outcomes (mortality, mortality/myocardial infarction/stroke, and repeat revascularization) for CABG surgery and percutaneous coronary interventions with DES by sex. Methods A total of 4,532 women (2,266 pairs of CABG and DES patients) and 11,768 men (5,884 pairs) were propensity matched separately using multiple patient risk factors and were compared with respect to 3-year outcomes. Results Both women and men receiving DES had significantly higher mortality rates (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.54 and adjusted hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.41, respectively) and myocardial infarction/mortality/stroke rates (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 1.64 and adjusted hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 1.54, respectively) with DES. The advantage for CABG surgery was also present for several preselected patient subgroups. Men had consistently lower adverse outcome rates than women for both procedures. For example, the mortality rates for CABG and DES for men were 8.0% and 9.1%, compared with respective rates of 11.8% and 13.7% for women. Conclusions For women, the advantage of CABG surgery over DES is very similar to what was found for men, and this advantage persisted for patients with and without high-risk characteristics.
Abstract T P340: Delays in Seeking Medical Attention in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with early neurological deterioration and death. Prior studies showed that delays in seeking medical attention may occur among minorities. In this study we investigated the factors affecting time from symptom onset to ER arrival (TOA) in a race/ethnic enriched population. Methods: Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) is a prospective study of spontaneous ICH. Baseline characteristics, presenting symptoms, first contact (911 vs. ER vs. primary physician), ICH volume, location and intraventricular extension, insurance status, GCS at presentation, and TOA were collected. Data was analyzed using generalized linear models and Spearman’s rank correlations. TOA was natural log transformed and a multivariate model was developed using backward elimination (P-value=0.05). Results: A total of 1158 subjects were enrolled; 28 were excluded due to lack of TOA. Of the 1,030 included 59% were men with 24% whites, 41% blacks, and 35% Hispanic...
TERRITORIALIDADES SUPERPUESTAS, SOBERANÍA EN DISPUTA: LECCIONES EMPÍRICAS DESDE AMÉRICA LATINA

recent debates in political geography have questioned the nation-state idealized sovereignty as rigidly linked to the notion of a transparent territoriality, clearly marked in space by stablished borders. Sovereignty has no need to assume this particular form. This paper puts forward the notion of ‘overlapping territorialities’ in order to discuss how territorial authority sources, other than the nation-state authority, intersect. we will examine how
Memory tracking of the health state of smart products in their lifecycle

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is a strategic approach to manage the product /equipment related information efficiently over the whole product lifecycle. To meet this target, a PLM system is developed in this study to track the status of a product/ equipment and its evolution and to analyze problems that may occur at any stage of its life cycle. This paper deals with the generation of an intelligent product that is capable of monitoring and capitalizing its own heath state during its whole life. An approach of knowledge capitalization was developed to construct a memory that identifies the health state of equipment for its whole life. This memory is distributed into a short term memory located at the RFID tag that is associated with the equipment and a long term memory that capitalizes all the information concerning the equipment. This embedded memory is readable directly thanks to the RFID Reader, and provides the information that helps the decision concerning the recycling or not of products/equipments.
Agonist-stimulated oscillations and cycling of intracellular free calcium in individual cultured muscle cells

Receptor regulation of [Ca2+]i was monitored in individual BC3H-1 muscle cells with intracellularly trapped fura-2 using digital imaging analysis techniques. Activation of alpha 1-adrenergic or H1-histaminergic receptors resulted in multiple bursts, or oscillations, of elevated [Ca2+]i with an average interval frequency of approximately 1.8 min-1. The duration of oscillatory behavior was generally more prolonged in response to phenylephrine than in response to histamine. Additionally, a larger fraction of the cells responded with [Ca2+]i oscillations to phenylephrine (approximately 90%) than to histamine (approximately 60%), although the majority of cells produced oscillations in response to both agonists. In most cells, the receptor-mediated [Ca2+]i oscillations continued for several minutes in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, although the amplitude of the individual peaks gradually decreased. The activation of [Ca2+]i oscillations by H1-receptors was more dependent upon extracellular Ca2+ than those elicited by alpha 1-receptors, reflecting the greater dependency of the histaminergic response on Ca2+ influx. Readdition of Ca2+ to the incubation buffer resulted in the resumption of the [Ca2+]i oscillations. These results indicate that considerable cycling of Ca2+ between the cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum must occur. Receptor-mediated [Ca2+]i oscillations were much more prevalent in subconfluent cells than in confluent cells, possibly due to increased coupling of the cells at higher densities. The cells were capable of responding independently of one another, since sister cells displayed unique temporal responses immediately following cell division. Thus, the linkage of receptor occupancy to [Ca2+]i elevation is a functionally unique property for each individual cell and can be influenced by epigenetic factors.
Enquiring Minds: Early Detection of Rumors in Social Media from Enquiry Posts

Many previous techniques identify trending topics in social media, even topics that are not pre-defined. We present a technique to identify trending rumors, which we define as topics that include disputed factual claims. Putting aside any attempt to assess whether the rumors are true or false, it is valuable to identify trending rumors as early as possible. It is extremely difficult to accurately classify whether every individual post is or is not making a disputed factual claim. We are able to identify trending rumors by recasting the problem as finding entire clusters of posts whose topic is a disputed factual claim. The key insight is that when there is a rumor, even though most posts do not raise questions about it, there may be a few that do. If we can find signature text phrases that are used by a few people to express skepticism about factual claims and are rarely used to express anything else, we can use those as detectors for rumor clusters. Indeed, we have found a few phrases that seem to be used exactly that way, including: "Is this true?", "Really?", and "What?". Relatively few posts related to any particular rumor use any of these enquiry phrases, but lots of rumor diffusion processes have some posts that do and have them quite early in the diffusion. We have developed a technique based on searching for the enquiry phrases, clustering similar posts together, and then collecting related posts that do not contain these simple phrases. We then rank the clusters by their likelihood of really containing a disputed factual claim. The detector, which searches for the very rare but very informative phrases, combined with clustering and a classifier on the clusters, yields surprisingly good performance. On a typical day of Twitter, about a third of the top 50 clusters were judged to be rumors, a high enough precision that human analysts might be willing to sift through them.
An Evaluation of Anticipated Extensions for Fortran Coarrays

A set of parallel features, broadly referred to as Fortran coarrays, was added to the Fortran 2008 standard. It is expected that several new parallel features, designed to complement or augment this feature set, will be added to the next revision of the standard. This includes statements for forming and changing between image teams, as well as statements for performing communication and synchronization with respect to image teams. In this paper, we describe an early implementation and evaluation of these anticipated features within the OpenUH compiler and its CAF runtime system. We demonstrate the utility of team-based barriers in comparison to the existing sync images statement for performing synchronization amongst a team of images. Techniques for hiding synchronization and incorporating locality-awareness with a collectives implementation based on 1-sided communication are described, and we present the impact of these optimizations for allreduce operations based on message length. Our results showed better performance for medium to large sized messages compared to the corresponding allreduce implementation using the Cray Fortran Coarrays implementation. Using the new teams and collectives features, we obtained 6.2% performance improvement compared to an original Fortran 2008 version of the CG benchmark from the NAS Parallel Benchmark Suite for class D, when using 1024 images.
Thermoregulatory behavior of a tropical marine fish: Canthigaster jactator (Jenkins)

Ten Canthigaster, jactator, tropical marine puffers from Hawaii, were tested individually for 3-day periods in electronic shuttle-boxes (Ichthyotrons) to determine their ability to thermoregulate behaviorally. These fish thermoregulated with a degree of precision comparable to that of temperate freshwater fishes: range 23–31°C, S.D. 1.8–2.4°C, S.E. 0.3–0.5° C. The modal final thermal preferendum was 27°C, comparable to temperate warmwater fishes. The mean preferred temperature did not differ significantly between night (26.5°C) and day (26.9°C); the 24-hr mean was 26.7°C. Apparently at least some tropical marine fishes are capable of thermoregulatory behavior similar to that of temperate freshwater fishes.
SINGAPORE RISING: The Services Dimension*

Singapore's export-services upgrading experiment can perhaps be better viewed as a bid to shift from a branch-plant to a regional-headquarters role for multi-national corporations (MNCs). More generally, a survey of service-based development possibilities suggests a similar conclusion for other world cities as well. What might appear at the local level to be autonomous export- or producer-services activity may instead reflect the city's role in the corporate networks that coordinate global manufacturing. The upshot is the prospect of a multi-polar East Asian industrial landscape. Coordination and control are likely to radiate not only from Tokyo, Seoul, and post-1997 Hong Kong, but also from Singapore — an advanced communications enclave ideally suited to MNCs administering the emerging factory systems of such Little Tigers as Malaysia and Indonesia.
Solution phase dynamics of the DNA repair enzyme spore photoproduct lyase as probed by H/D exchange

Spore photoproduct lyase (SPL) catalyzes the repair of the UV lesion spore photoproduct (SP) in a reaction dependent on S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). We have utilized H/D exchange to show that in the presence of SAM, a significant reduction in H/D exchange is observed upon binding SPTpT or undamaged oligonucleotide, indicating a shift of 20 or 10 amide protons, respectively, from a rapidly-exchangable state to a fully-protected conformation. In the absence of SAM, neither the oligonucleotide nor the SPTpT produce a significant perturbation in H/D exchange, indicating SAM is a requisite binding partner. Performing the same experiments in aerobic conditions reduced the magnitude of ligand-induced structural changes, consistent with the importance of the oxygen-sensitive iron–sulfur cluster for SAM and substrate binding.
The neurotoxicity of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine in the mouse atrium: protection by 1-phenyl-3-(2-thiazolyl)-2-thiourea and by ethanol.

1-Phenyl-3-(2-thiazolyl)-2-thiourea (200 mg/kg, 1 h) protected the adrenergic nerve plexus in the mouse atrium against the destructive action of i.v. 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Protection was also observed with ethanol (4 g/kg, 1 h) and with nialamide (50 mg/kg, 2 h).