cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motion planning using dynamic roadmaps

We evaluate the use of dynamic roadmaps for online motion planning in changing environments. When changes are detected in the workspace, the validity state of affected edges and nodes of a precompiled roadmap are updated accordingly. We concentrate in this paper on analyzing the tradeoffs between maintaining dynamic roadmaps and applying an on-line bidirectional rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) planner alone, which requires no preprocessing or maintenance. We ground the analysis in several benchmarks in virtual environments with randomly moving obstacles. Different robotics structures are used, including a 17 degrees of freedom model of NASA's Robonaut humanoid. Our results show that dynamic roadmaps can be both faster and more capable for planning difficult motions than using on-line planning alone. In particular, we investigate its scalability to 3D workspaces and higher dimensional configurations spaces, as our main interest is the application of the method to interactive domains involving humanoids.
Assessment of Endocrine‐Disrupting Chemicals Attenuation in a Coastal Plain Stream Prior to Wastewater Treatment Plant Closure

The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a combined pre/post-closure assessment at a long-term wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) site at Fort Gordon near Augusta, Georgia. Here, we assess select endocrine-active chemicals and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure prior to closure of the WWTP. Substantial downstream transport and limited instream attenuation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) was observed in Spirit Creek over a 2.2-km stream segment downstream of the WWTP outfall. A modest decline (less than 20% in all cases) in surface water detections was observed with increasing distance downstream of the WWTP and attributed to partitioning to the sediment. Estrogens detected in surface water in this study included estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3). The 5 ng/l and higher mean estrogen concentrations observed in downstream locations indicated that the potential for endocrine disruption was substantial. Concentrations of alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE) metabolite EDCs also remained statistically elevated above levels observed at the upstream control site. Wastewater-derived pharmaceutical and APE metabolites were detected in the outflow of Spirit Lake, indicating the potential for EDC transport to aquatic ecosystems downstream of Fort Gordon. The results indicate substantial EDC occurrence, downstream transport, and persistence under continuous supply conditions and provide a baseline for a rare evaluation of ecosystem response to WWTP closure.
Mental Health Disparities Across Education and Sex: A Prospective Analysis Examining How They Persist Over the Life Course

Objectives. Higher levels of psychopathology among people with lower socioeconomic status and among women persist as cohorts age. In this analysis, we examine whether the persistence of these disparities as a cohort ages results from (a) a single set of people within a disadvantaged group who have chronic psychopathology or (b) continually changing sets of people within a disadvantaged group who have psychopathology of short duration. Methods. Data for this analysis come from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, which includes two psychological assessments (depressive syndrome and psychological distress) in a population sample of adults in Baltimore, Maryland, collected 13 years apart. Results and Discussion. Results indicate that the persistence of disparities across education resulted primarily from one single set of respondents with chronic psychopathology over the 13 years of the survey, while the persistence of disparities across sex involved new sets of women as the cohort aged. We discuss implications of these results for theory and policy.
THE INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN EDEFICIENCY ON THE THYROID AND BASAL METABOLISM OF MALE RATS1

SINGER (1) AND BARRIE (2) have presented data which indicated that vitamin-Edeficiency has an influence on the histology of the thyroid gland. The former described a hypoplasia of the thyroid of 12 to 18-month E-deficient female rats, and the latter a hypoplasia of the thyroid of both E-low mothers and young born to them. The results of Singer and Barrie have been questioned by Telford, Emerson and Evans (3), who reported that they could find no evidence of hypothyroidism in E-low female rates or in young born to them. We have previously reported (4) that the weight of the thyroids of male rats deficient in vitamin E for 6 months or more was approximately twice that of normal controls, whereas the weight of thyroids from female E-deficient rats was not significantly different from that of normals in any of the age groups studied
Identifying the impact of the SPIRIT program in student knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward computing careers

Declining interest in computing programs nationwide presents a threat to America's security and limits potential for innovation across all domains. One way to address this problem is to remove misconceptions held by the nation's youth about computing, including information about how it positively impacts many subjects and showing them that applying computing can be fun and rewarding. One program at a Midwestern university accomplished this goal through a week-long, residential, summer camp for high school students to educate them about career opportunities and possibilities for people with Information Technology skills. Participants completed a variety of hands-on activities daily, along with listening to work experiences of computing professionals. Feedback collected from the student participants showed that in addition t o raising awareness about computing opportunities, the program increased youth interest in IT, prompted many to enroll in computing/engineering courses, and improved their performance in school. This paper shares details about the program and participant feedback to make a case for offering similar programs to correct the knowledge people have about computing.
The Frightening Invitation of a Guestbook

This article examines the writing left in “comments” books at thought-provoking museum exhibitions. What moves a visitor to share criticism, praise, political invective, or spiritual reflections in a public place where the writing is guaranteed to be seen by others? In a world transformed by text messaging and online communication, museum guestbooks are one of the few remaining opportunities to share hand-written insights. Do visitors have a learning curve? Some leave inappropriate, even hateful remarks. By comparing the different moods of comments books at a variety of installations, this essay pays tribute to the legacies of public dialogue in museums, a medium of free speech made possible by a simple blank book.
Armitage's trend test for genome-wide association analysis: one-sided or two-sided?

The importance of considering confounding due to population stratification in genome-wide association analysis using case-control designs has been a source of debate. Armitage's trend test, together with some other methods developed from it, can correct for population stratification to some extent. However, there is a question whether the one-sided or the two-sided alternative hypothesis is appropriate, or to put it another way, whether examining both the one-sided and the two-sided alternative hypotheses can give more information. The dataset for Problem 1 of Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 provides us with a chance to address this question. Because it is a part of a combined sample from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) and the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA), the results from the combined sample can be used as references. To test this aim, the last 10,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 9, which contain the common genetic variant at the TRAF1-C5 locus, were examined by conducting Armitage's trend tests. Examining the two-sided alternative hypothesis shows that SNPs rs12380341 (p = 9.7 × 10-11) and rs872863 (p = 1.7 × 10-15), along with six SNPs across the TRAF1-C5 locus, rs1953126, rs10985073, rs881375, rs3761847, rs10760130, and rs2900180 (p~1 × 10-7), are significantly associated with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-positive rheumatoid arthritis. But examining the one-sided alternative hypothesis that the minor allele is positively associated with the disease shows that only those six SNPs across the TRAF1-C5 locus are significantly associated with the disease (p~1 × 10-8), which is consistent with the results from the combined sample of the NARAC and the EIRA.
The Making of a Gaming-Simulation Course: A Personal Tale

The author's gaming-simulation course atWestern Carolina University has been 30 years in the making. Its structure, content, and instructional methods are heavily influenced by the author's professorial aspirations and experience in the use of simulations. In this brief article, the author shares some of his early use of educational games and gaming simulations, his creation of a graduate-level course on the design and use of gaming simulations, and how he has updated his course for the digital age. For readers who are thinking about creating a gaming-simulation course of their own, the author has listed some common simulation course development barriers and a few strategies for overcoming them.
Is there a role of radiotherapy in the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying tumor biology and prognosis. Advanced PNETs remain a difficult therapeutic challenge because of their high malignant potential and their resistance to conventional chemotherapy although there have been recent developments with promising results with the use of novel agents for the treatment of this disease. Combined modality chemoradiation is not widely used in the management of locally advanced pancreatic endocrine tumors. We discuss Abstract #335 from 2012 ASCO GI Cancers Symposium and share our experience to discuss efficacy and toxicity of concurrent capecitabine or infusional 5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy in patients with resected, locally advanced and metastatic PNET. Prospective studies to investigate the role of radiation and chemoradiation are warranted.
Coevolution in Temporally Variable Environments

Abstract: Many potentially mutualistic interactions are conditional, with selection that varies between mutualism and antagonism over space and time. We develop a genetic model of temporally variable coevolution that incorporates stochastic fluctuations between mutualism and antagonism. We use this model to determine conditions necessary for the coevolution of matching traits between a host and a conditional mutualist. Using an analytical approximation, we show that matching traits will coevolve when the geometric mean interaction is mutualistic. When this condition does not hold, polymorphism and trait mismatching are maintained, and coevolutionary cycles may result. Numerical simulations verify this prediction and suggest that it remains robust in the presence of temporal autocorrelation. These results are compared with those from spatial models with unrestricted movement. The comparisons demonstrate that gene flow is unnecessary for generating empirical patterns predicted by the geographic mosaic theor...
Estrogen-Induced Developmental Disorders of the Rat Penis Involve Both Estrogen Receptor (ESR)- and Androgen Receptor (AR)-Mediated Pathways

This study tested the hypothesis that the estrogen receptor (ESR) pathway, androgen receptor (AR) pathway, or both mediate estrogen-induced developmental penile disorders. Rat pups received diethylstilbestrol (DES), with or without the ESR antagonist ICI 182,780 (ICI) or the AR agonist dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or testosterone (T), from Postnatal Days 1 to 6. Testicular T concentration, penile morphology and morphometry, and/or fertility was determined at age 7, 28, or 150 days. DES treatment alone caused 90% reduction in the neonatal intratesticular T surge; this reduction was prevented by ICI coadministration, but not by DHT or T coadministration. Unlike the T surge, coadministration of ICI and coadministration of DHT or T mitigated penile deformities and loss of fertility. Generally, ICI, DHT, or T treatment alone did not alter penile morphology; however, fertility was 20% that of controls in ICI-treated rats vs. 70%-90% in DHT- or T-treated rats. The lower fertility in the rats treated with ICI alone could be due to altered sexual behavior, as these males did not deposit vaginal plugs. In conclusion, observations that both an ESR antagonist and AR agonists prevent penile deformities and infertility suggest that both pathways are involved in estrogen-induced penile disorders. Observations that coadministration of ICI, but not DHT or T, prevents the DES-induced reduction in the neonatal T surge suggest that, although ICI exerts its mitigating effect both at the level of Leydig cells and penile stromal cells, DHT and T do so only at the level of stromal cells.
Factors Influencing the Initial Micromotion Between Polyethylene Acetabular Cups and Titanium Alloy Shells

Mechanical test factors affecting short-term rotational stability under combined torsional and compressive loading was assessed in modular press-fit acetabular components with 4 different locking mechanism designs, by measuring the micromotion of the liner-shell interface at either room (20°C) or body temperature (37°C) and with either a high (2943 N) or low (490 N) compressive load. Liner-shell constructs whose short-term stability was statistically significantly affected by temperature exhibited more rotational stability at body temperature than at room temperature. Liner-shell constructs whose short-term stability was statistically significantly affected by the level of compressive load exhibited more rotational stability with high compressive loads than with low loads. Liner-shell constructs with different locking mechanism designs were influenced by temperature and compressive loads differently. It is recommended to consider including these factors in tests of acetabular component locking mechanisms.
Seasonal variation in hypothalamic content of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), pituitary receptors for GnRH, and pituitary content of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the mare.

Seasonal changes in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis were investigated using tissue from 49 light-horse mares, of mixed breeding. Hypothalamic and pituitary tissues were collected at 5 intervals throughout the years 1981 and 1982. representing midbreeding season (July, n=10). transitionout of the breeding season (October, n=11), midanestrus (December, n=8), transition into the breeding season (March, n=10), and again in the following midbreeding season (July, n=10). The hypothalamic region was dissected into preoptic area, body and median eminence. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was extracted from hypothalamic samples with methanol-formic acid and quantified by radioimmunoassay. The anterior pituitary was homogenized and receptors for GnRH were quantified in a crude membrane fraction. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in the resulting supernatant. Content of GnRH in each of the 3 hypothalamic areas varied with season (P 0.1) on either concentration or total number of receptors for GnRH, or concentration of FSH in the anteriorpituitary. Concentrations of LH in the anterior pituitary varied with season (P<0.001). Means (± SEM) for the 5 collection times were 15.5 ± 2.7, 9.7 ± 2.4, 2.3 ± 0.5, 2.7 ± 0.4 and 11.7 ± 1.5 pg LH/mg anterior pituitary, respectively. From these data it appears that hypothalamic content of GnRH along with anterior pituitary concentrations of LH, but not the number of GnRH-receptors or concentration of FSH in the anterior pituitary, may be one of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal factors responsible for seasonal anestrus in the mare. Further, we speculate that it may be the low concentration of LII in the pituitary available for release that delays ovulation during the period of transition into the breeding season.
CMOS compatible thin wafer processing using temporary mechanical wafer, adhesive and laser release of thin chips/wafers for 3D integration

This paper reports a thin wafer handling technology that is compatible to CMOS processing conditions to enable 3D integration and assembly with high throughput at low cost. Using pulsed ultraviolet (UV) radiation from excimer lasers, device wafers as thin as 50µm can be released from the temporary mechanical handler wafer in less than 1min. Bonding, adhesive, debonding and post debond clean processes were demonstrated. CMOS circuit test vehicles were shown to be compatible with this temporary bonding and debonding processes.
THERMAL INJURY CAUSES STIMULATION OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 ACTIVITY IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

Heat stress (43°C, 45°C) stimulated phopholipase A2 activity in the two mammalian cell lines investigated: HA-1 hamster fibroblasts and PC-12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. The resultant arachidonic acid (AA) release was of a similar order to that induced by thrombin and bradykinin. Dexamethasone (5 x 10 − 8 M) inhibited by 80%–90% the effect of heat stress on AA release. Heat-induced stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity may be involved both in the direct cytotoxic effects of heat stress and in the inflammatory responses induced by thermal injury.
The persistence of family farming: a review of explanatory socio-economic and historical factors

The family farm is a corner-institute of West European agriculture. This article highlights the main characteristics of the family farm and reviews both the socio-economic and political-institutional arguments used for the persistence of this structure in West European farming. At micro level, the socio-economic rationale behind the family farm states that economies of scale tend to increase the optimal farm size, but that this tendency is partly offset by the importance of transaction costs for monitoring labour results. Moreover, the flexibility of family labour, the accumulated human capital within the farming family and the ability to withstand hard (financial) times are factors in favour of the family farm. At macro level, the availability of food for the population has been one of the major concerns of policy makers. Different protectionist measures have been developed in order to secure enough food over time. Although the kind of farming system is not specified in these measures, the farm lobby has influenced the legislations in order to safeguard the current family farms. In the last decades the governmental concern has broadened due to environmental concerns. To reach these goals, the family farm approach is useful as family farms are essential for the kinds of landscape and rural social life. Taking into account the history of the family farm, the paper proposes different strategies, related to labour and capital allocation that can strengthen the survival of the family farm in the next decades.
Nitric oxide is necessary for a switch from stationary to locomoting phenotype in epithelial cells

The restitution of epithelial integrity is accomplished in part by cell migration. Studying this process, we have found that nitric oxide (NO) release migrating epithelial BSC-1 cells displayed a biphasic response to the inflicted wounds; an initial transient release of NO is followed by a delayed sustained elevation. Whereas the constitutive endothelial NO synthase (NOS) did not show any spatial or temporal changes associated with wounding, the inducible NOS became expressed 3 h after wounding and showed higher abundance at the edges of epithelial wounds. L-Arginine (L-Arg) or NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine, exerted motogenic effect in epithelial and endothelial cells. Inhibition of NOS with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or a selective knockout of inducible NOS with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides reduced the rate of spontaneous or epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced BSC-1 cell migration. Migrating cells showed the polarized expression of NOS, suggesting a head-to-rear NO gradient. Several growth factors (EGF, insulin-like growth factor I, hepatocyte growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor) were motogenic for BSC-1 cells, but this effect was abrogated by pretreatment with L-NAME. We conclude that endogenous NO production is a prerequisite for BSC-1 cell migration. A vectorial NO release may be essential for the spatially and temporally coordinated reciprocal phenomena that occur at the leading and trailing edge of locomoting epithelial cells. Although the exact mode of NO action remains uncertain, it is conceivable that the production of NO serves as a cellular switch from the stationary to the locomoting epithelial phenotype.
Court Says CEQA Covers Wal‐Mart’s Potential Contribution to Urban Decay

The Fifth Appellate District, in Bakersfield Citizens for Local Control v City of Bakersfield (2004) 124 CA4th 1184, 22 CR3d 203, has opened the door for increased economic and social analysis under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (Pub Res C §§21000-21178.1). The case provides an important precedent for using CEQA to challenge projects on environmental justice grounds or other social justice rationales, as long as there is some physical act connected with those issues. In addition, the court’s decision gives CEQA plaintiffs important victories on issues of standing, cumulative impacts, and remedies.
Mothers' and clinicians' priorities for obesity prevention among black, high-risk infants

Introduction Despite many recommended strategies for obesity prevention during infancy, effectively delivering recommendations to parents in clinical settings is challenging, especially among high-risk populations. This study describes and compares mothers' and clinicians' priorities for obesity prevention during infancy, to facilitate more-effective obesity prevention messaging. Methods A discrete choice experiment using maximum difference scaling was administered in 2013 and analyzed in 2013−2014. Twenty-nine low-income, obese mothers of infants and 30 pediatric clinicians from three urban primary care practices rated the relative importance of 16 items relevant to obesity prevention during infancy, in response to this question: Which topic would be most helpful [for new mothers] to learn about to prevent your [their] child from becoming overweight? Response options encompassed the domains of feeding, sleep, parenting (including physical activity and screen time), and maternal self-care. Results Mothers (all Medicaid-enrolled and black; mean age, 27 years; mean BMI, 35 kg/m 2 ) and clinicians (97% female, 87% pediatricians, 13% nurse practitioners) both highly prioritized recognizing infant satiety and hunger cues, and appropriate feeding volume. Mothers rated infant physical activity and maintaining regular routines as 3.5 times more important than clinicians did ( p p Conclusions Low-income, obese, black mothers of infants highly prioritized learning about many effective obesity prevention strategies, including recognizing hunger and satiety cues, promoting infant activity, and maintaining regular routines. Clinicians may frame preventive guidance to be responsive to these priorities.
Effects of varied fatigue protocols on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake and release rates

The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function in muscles subjected to different patterns of muscle activity. Frog sartorius muscles were stimulate...
Thermal degradation of new and aged urethane foam and epon 826 epoxy.

Thermal desorption spectroscopy was used to monitor the decomposition as a function of temperature for the foam and epoxy as a function of temperature in the range of 60 C to 170 C. Samples were studied with one day holds at each of the studied temperatures. Both new (FoamN and EpoxyN) and aged (FoamP and EpoxyP) samples were studied. During these ~10 day experiments, the foam samples lost 11 to 13% of their weight and the EpoxyN lost 10% of its weight. The amount of weight lost was difficult to quantify for EpoxyP because of its inert filler. The onset of the appearance of organic degradation products from FoamP began at 110 C. Similar products did not appear until 120 C for FoamN, suggesting some effect of the previous decades of storage for FoamP. In the case of the epoxies, the corresponding temperatures were 120 C for EpoxyP and 110 C for EpoxyN. Suggestions for why the aged epoxy seems more stable than newer sample include the possibility of incomplete curing or differences in composition. Recommendation to limit use temperature to 90-100 C for both epoxy and foam.
Aero-Optics of Supersonic Boundary Layers.

Aero-optical measurements of a zero-pressure-gradient, supersonic boundary layer along the test section wall at M=2.0 were performed using a Malley probe. The Malley probe captured both the amplitude of optical distortions and the convective speed. The convective speed of the optically-active structures inside the supersonic boundary layer was found to be 0.84 of the freestream speed. The deflection-angle spectra were found to collapse with the local displacement thickness. The streamwise correlation function for the supersonic boundary layer revealed the presence of a pseudo-periodic structure with the typical size of 1.5 of the local boundary-layer thickness. A new model was developed to describe aero- optical effects of both the subsonic and the supersonic boundary layers. Finally, this new model and several other theoretical scalings were tested in the attempt to collapse both subsonic and supersonic boundary layer aero-optical results.
Delivering the Punch Line: Racial Combat as Comedy in Gus Lee's China Boy

The recent explosion of Asian American literature, sparked by the success of such works as Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club and David Henry Hwang's M. Butterfly, has been viewed somewhat ambivalently. Supportive of the diversity and multitude of new voices, critics have nevertheless been aware of the difficulties in reading such a variety of Asian American writings from too brief a historical moment. Concerned that the texts will not be examined with an attention to Asian American history and sensibility, they have sounded a cautionary note to readers who readily assume that the recent proliferation of Asian American writings automatically stands as an act of resistance and an end to racism against Asian Americans.1 Such anxiety is fostered by the appeal that Asian American literature has had not only to members of its communities, but also to the American population at large. It is re-emphasized when we realize that much of the literature recently written by Asian Americans does not focus on Asian American communities, but instead deals with the alienation of growing up and living outside those traditional community borders. The critics' desire to celebrate the achievements in Asian American literature is mediated by the acknowledgment that the mainstream success of many of these writers depends upon a parallel confirmation of American ideology. The beliefs that many of the works articulate include an imagined reconciliation with the American majority, as well as rendering racial alienation a universal rather than a historically grounded reality. While many of these new writers reinforce American myths of blind inclusion, they also demonstrate the complex ways that a nationalist rhetoric is mediated, and even contradicted, by tones that range from the comic to the violent. An examination of the shifts in voice, many of which suggest breaks in traditional American narratives of belonging, reveal a complex framework by which to examine popular works by writers of color and the status of minor literature
Analysist of the effects in implementation of FIDELIS tuberculosis control project in Changde City

Objective To analyze the effects of FIDELIS tuberculosis control project one year after implementation of the project. Methods The data concerning the of implementation of FIDELIS tuberculosis control project in Changde City were analyzed.Results Totally 4 436 smear - positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were detected including 3 669 initially treatment infections patients. New registration rate of smear - positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases increased from 28.46/100 000 in 2003 to 60.83/100 000 in 2004. Conclusion The rates of referral of tuberculosis patients to general hospitals after implementation of the project and tuberculosis case finding in this city are increased to have laid solid foundation for implementation of the project at next stage.
Correlation between the differential expression of partial members of the catalase family and the probable pathogenicity in Penicillium marneffei

To approach the correlation between the differential expression of partial members of the caralase family and the probable pathogenicity in Penicillium marneffei,RT-PCR,real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the different expressions of catalase-peroxidase(epeA)/peroxisomal catalase(Catp)of P.marneffei in mycelial to yeast phase conversion,before and after phagocytosis by macrophages.It was found that the transcriptive level of the cpeA gene increased in mycelial phase and after phagocytosis by macrophages.Nevertheless,the expression level of Catp protein of P.marneffei was higher in yeast phase than that of the mycelial phase(4.87±0.94∶1.00,P0.05).On account of raising levels of the cpeA gene and or the Catp protein in the pathogenic yeast phase of P marneffei as well as the elevated expressions of cpeA gene under oxygen stress environment,it is presumed that they may contribute to the survival and pathogenicity of P.marneffei.
The validity of the probe-latency technique for assessing structure in language.

The probe-latency technique for assessing how language is structured by a hearer was evaluated for children and adults against syntactic criteria and found to validly separate noun and verb phrases...
MO‐AB‐204‐01: IHE RO Overview

You’ve experienced the frustration: vendor A’s device claims to work with vendor B’s device, but the practice doesn’t match the promise. Getting devices working together is the hidden art that Radiology and Radiation Oncology staff have to master. To assist with that difficult process, the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) effort was established in 1998, with the coordination of the Radiological Society of North America. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is a consortium of healthcare professionals and industry partners focused on improving the way computer systems interconnect and exchange information. This is done by coordinating the use of published standards like DICOM and HL7. Several clinical and operational IHE domains exist in the healthcare arena, including Radiology and Radiation Oncology. The ASTRO-sponsored IHE Radiation Oncology (IHE-RO) domain focuses on radiation oncology specific information exchange. This session will explore the IHE Radiology and IHE RO process for; IHE solicitation process for new profiles. Improving the way computer systems interconnect and exchange information in the healthcare enterprise Supporting interconnectivity descriptions and proof of adherence by vendors Testing and assuring the vendor solutions to connectivity problems. Including IHE profiles in RFPs for future software and hardware purchases. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand IHE role in improving interoperability in health care. 2. Understand process of profile development and implantation. 3. Understand how vendors prove adherence to IHE RO profiles. S. Hadley, ASTRO Supported Activity
Support for indoor tanning policies among young adult women who indoor tan

The purpose of this study to examine support for indoor tanning policies and correlates of policy support among young adult women who indoor tan. Non-Hispanic white women ages 18–30 who indoor tanned in the past year (n = 356, M 23.3 age, SD 3.1) recruited in the Washington, DC area from 2013 to 2016 completed measures of indoor tanning behaviors, attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, and policy support. Most women in the sample supported policies to prevent children under the age of 18 from indoor tanning (74.0 %) and stronger warnings about the risks of indoor tanning on tanning devices (77.6 %); only 10.1 % supported a total ban. In multivariable analyses, support for individual indoor tanning policies varied by demographics (e.g., age), frequent indoor tanning behavior, indoor tanning beliefs, and risk perceptions. Non-Hispanic white young adult women who indoor tan, the primary consumers of indoor tanning, and a high-risk population, largely support indoor tanning prevention policies implemented by many state governments and those currently under review for national enactment. Given low levels of support for a total indoor tanning ban, support for other potential policies (e.g., increasing the minimum age to 21) should be investigated to inform future steps to reduce indoor tanning and the associated health risks.
The Role of Self-Regulation in Programming Problem Solving Process and Success

While prior work has investigated many aspects of programming problem solving, the role of self-regulation in problem solving success has received little attention. In this paper we contribute a framework for reasoning about self-regulation in programming problem solving. We then use this framework to investigate how 37 novice programmers of varying experience used self-regulation during a sequence of programming problems. We analyzed the extent to which novices engaged in five kinds of self-regulation during their problem solving, how this self-regulation varied between students enrolled in CS1 and CS2, and how self-regulation played a role in structuring problem solving. We then investigated the relationship between self-regulation and programming errors. Our results indicate that while most novices engage in self-regulation to navigate and inform their problem solving efforts, these self-regulation efforts are only effective when accompanied by programming knowledge adequate to succeed at solving a given problem, and only some types of self-regulation appeared related to errors. We discuss the implications of these findings on problem solving pedagogy in computing education.
Rubber Band Ligation of Internal Hemorrhoids

Rubber band ligation is one of the surgical options for internal hemorrhoids with prolapse or bleeding that are refractory to medical management. This chapter describes indications, essential steps, variations, and complications of this procedure. It provides a detailed template operative note for the procedure.
Environmental Law: Post-Rio Discussions on Environmental Protection—A Reflection

Between 5 and 14 June 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or first Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Development of Marijuana Use Among Juvenile Offenders and Its Relevance for Predicting Problematic Binge Drinking: A Dual Trajectory Analysis Approach:

This study builds on past research to examine the association of engagement in consistently high binge drinking behavior in adolescence with the concurrent development of marijuana use and to better understand the development of marijuana use during adolescence among a sample of juvenile offenders. This research used group-based trajectory analysis to examine heterogeneity in the development of marijuana use and dual trajectory analysis to examine the relevance of trajectories for predicting concurrent problematic binge drinking. A seven-group model best fit the marijuana use data. Marijuana use in adolescence predicted increased odds of assignment to the heavy chronic binge drinking group. The heavy chronic marijuana use group was overwhelmingly the best predictor of assignment to this group. Juvenile offenders are at risk of engagement in marijuana use and problematic levels of marijuana use. Engagement in marijuana use predicts higher odds of problematic binge drinking behavior during adolescence.
On Stabilizing Ill—Posed Cauchy Problems for the Navier—Stokes Equations

Abstract In this paper we discuss a number of ill-posed problems that arise in attempts to solve the Navier-Stokes equations backward in time. In particular we provide criteria which are sufficient to stabilize solutions against errors in the “final” data, in the “final” time geometry, and in the spatial geometry. Other continuous dependence results will appear in a forthcoming paper.
Photocrosslinking polymeric ionic liquids via anthracene cycloaddition for organic electronics

Polymeric ionic liquids (i.e., PILs) are single ion-conducting materials that exhibit the thermal and electrochemical stability of ionic liquids and the mechanical properties of polymers. Although PILs are exciting for a variety of applications in energy conversion and storage, the tradeoff between mechanics and ion transport remains an important limitation in materials design. Herein, a photocrosslinkable PIL based on the cycloaddition reaction of anthracene is converted from a viscous liquid into a soft solid without detrimental effects on the bulk ionic conductivity. The independent control of mechanical- and ion-conducting properties results from negligible changes in polymer segmental dynamics (i.e., glass transition temperature) upon crosslinking. This was demonstrated for both a polymer (i.e., N = 279) and its corresponding oligomer (i.e., N = 10). The ease of processability facilitated by the presented molecular design is illustrated by both patterning the PIL into μm-sized features, and incorporating it as a dielectric in thin-film transistors for low-voltage operation independent of device fabrication geometry.
Age Differences in the Prevalence of Isolated Medial and Lateral Meniscal Tears in Surgically Treated Patients

PURPOSE To compare the prevalence of isolated lateral and medial meniscal tears in different aged populations. METHODS A five-year retrospective review for meniscal procedures performed on a total of 782 patients. Each chart was reviewed to document the prevalence of medial or lateral meniscal injuries. Inclusion criteria were patients found to have documented evidence of meniscal tear, either lateral or medial, without any concomitant injuries and/or any other procedures performed. Patients excluded from the study were those with concomitant pathologies, such as chondromalacia, malalignment or ligamentous injuries. Patients were classified by age into three groups: 30 years old. RESULTS 68.7% of patients had medial meniscal tears, (average age 37.6 years), 17.1% of these were isolated medial meniscus injuries (average 31.9 years). 31.3% had lateral meniscal injuries (average 27.7 years). Of these, 18.8 % had isolated lateral meniscal injuries (average 22.8 years). All remaining patients had additional diagnoses/procedures. Isolated medial meniscal injuries were more common in older patients as 48 of the 92 isolated medial tears (52.2%) were found in patients > 30 years of age (p <0.001). Isolated lateral meniscal injuries, on the other hand, were more common in younger patients. 29 of the 46 isolated lateral tears (63%) occurred in patients under 20 years (p = 0.002). Only seven (15.2%) isolated lateral tears were shown in patients older than 30 years. CONCLUSION Isolated lateral meniscal tears are more common in patients < 20 years, and decrease with age, while the prevalence of medial meniscal tears increase with age.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and county-level health outcomes

ABSTRACTA series of studies have supported the economic benefits from the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), however, there is little evidence to demonstrate its impact on local he...
Review: Ocular Complications of Mosquito-Transmitted Diseases

The World Health Organization estimates that 1 billion cases of infectious disease originate from vector transmission, resulting in several million deaths annually. Mosquitos are the primary vector for multiple diseases in humans that cause self-limiting to sight-threatening ocular complications and significant systemic illness. The 2015-2016 outbreak of the mosquito-borne Zika virus in North and South America brought to the forefront how quickly mosquitoes can spread disease between continents, especially among vulnerable patient populations. Optometrists should be familiar with the associated ocular complications in order to effectively diagnose, co-manage, treat, and educate patients who have been infected by mosquito-borne disease. This paper reviews the ocular manifestations of mosquito-transmitted diseases including Zika virus, West Nile virus, Malaria, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, and Dirofilaria.
A Direct and Simple Method to Assess Drosophila melanogaster's Viability from Embryo to Adult

In Drosophila melanogaster, viability assays are used to determine the fitness of certain genetic backgrounds. Allelic variations can result in partial or complete loss of viability at different stages of development. Our lab has developed a method to assess viability in Drosophila from embryo to fully mature adult. The method relies on quantifying the number of progeny present at different stages during development, starting with hatched embryos. After embryos have been quantified, additional stages are counted, including L1/L2, pupae, and mature adults. After all stages have been examined, a statistical analysis such as the chi-square test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the starting number of progeny (hatched embryos) and later stages culminating in the observed number of adults, thus rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis (that the number of hatched embryos will be equal to the number of larvae, pupae, and adults recorded throughout the stages of development). The primary advantage of this assay is its simplicity and accuracy, as it does not require an embryo rinse to transfer them to the food vial, avoiding losses from technical errors. Although the protocol described here does not directly examine L2/L3 larvae, additional steps can be added to account for these. Comparing the number of hatched embryos, L1, pupae, and adults can help determine if viability was compromised during the L2/L3 stages for further studies (the use of colored food helps with visual identification of larvae). Overall, this method can help Drosophila researchers and educators determine when viability is compromised during the fly life cycle. Routine assessment of stocks using this assay can prevent accumulation of secondary mutations that may affect the phenotype of the originally isolated mutant, especially if the original mutations affect fitness. For this reason, our lab maintains multiple copies of each of our Dm ime4 alleles and routinely checks the purity of each stock with this method in addition to other molecular analyses.
Non-stop Love: A Study of Entry Barriers in the Airline Industry Using Policy Changes at Dallas Love Field

Exogenous changes in entry barrier conditions faced by firms allow for an analysis of their impact on competition and market structure. This empirical study finds that the policy changes at Love Field airport arising from the repeal of the Wright Amendment in October 2014 led to reduction in airfares on routes between Dallas and cities beyond the neighboring states of Texas, but increase in airfares on routes between Dallas and destinations in Texas and its surrounding states (collectively called the Wright Perimeter). The fare decrease can be attributed to airlines (primarily Southwest) entering non-stop markets from Love Field, whereas the fare increases in the short-haul within Wright Perimeter markets indicates the impact of binding gate constraints. A capacity-constrained entry model is used to explain the opposite effects in different markets.
Self-Interference Signal Path Characterization in Full-Duplex Transceivers Using Built-in Self-Test

This paper proposes a built-in self-test (BIST) method to measure the amplitude and phase shift characteristics of the RF signal path from the transmitter to receiver in a full-duplex system. With this information, the self-interference signal (SI) may be canceled in the RF domain of a full duplex, or simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) topology. Analysis and simulation results are presented for a 2.4GHz signal with 200MHz bandwidth, and a prototype of the BIST technique has been measured at 800MHz. The average error in phase and gain between the BIST estimated value and actual RF measured value are 0.95% and 1.43%, respectively, which supports the ability to provide 48dB of SI signal cancellation (SIC).
Fast Proton Transfer and Hydrogen Evolution Reactivity Mediated by [Co13C2(CO)24]4.

A common approach to speeding up proton transfer (PT) by molecular catalysts is manipulation of the secondary coordination sphere with proton relays and these enhance overall reaction rates by orde...
Cross-Cultural Communication: An Integrated Training Approach

(1994). Cross-Cultural Communication: An Integrated Training Approach. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 67-70.
Genomics of Recombination Rate Variation in Temperature-Evolved Drosophila melanogaster Populations

Meiotic recombination is a critical process that ensures proper segregation of chromosome homologues through DNA double strand break repair mechanisms. Rates of recombination are highly variable among various taxa, within species, and within genomes with far-reaching evolutionary and genomic consequences. The genetic basis of recombination rate variation is therefore crucial in the study of evolutionary biology but remains poorly understood. In this study we took advantage of a set of experimental temperature-evolved populations of Drosophila melanogaster with heritable differences in recombination rates depending on the temperature regime in which they evolved. We performed whole genome sequencing and identified several chromosomal regions that appear to be divergent depending on temperature regime. In addition, we identify a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms and associated genes with significant differences in allele frequency when the different temperature populations are compared. Further refinement of these gene candidates emphasizing those expressed in the ovary and associated with DNA binding reveals numerous potential candidate genes such as Hr38, EcR, and mamo responsible for observed differences in recombination rates in these experimental evolution lines thus providing insight into the genetic basis of recombination rate variation.
Who Gets Smart: Explaining How Precision Bombs Proliferate

The precision strike complex represents a key element of military power for countries around the world. Nothing symbolizes the precision strike complex more than smart bombs—the guided aerial bombs that the United States first debuted in the Vietnam War. Yet, international relations scholars know little about these important weapons and what explains their proliferation. In this paper, we introduce new data on the proliferation of smart bombs from 1960-2017. We then theorize about the key drivers of proliferation, including an interaction between the security environment, regime type, and the interest of states in precision for reasons having to do with following the law of war. The results show that both internal and external security threats make countries more likely to acquire smart bombs, and that this effect is magnified when countries are democratic or are more likely to ratify treaties related to the law of war. GDP per capita and supply-side factors also appear key to explaining smart bomb proliferation.