cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
No Child Left Behind, Or Each Human Person Drawn Forward? Arendt, Jaspers, and the Thinking-Through of a New, Universalizable Existential–Cosmopolitan Humanism

The thinking of Hannah Arendt has in recent years become quite prominent in the field of philosophy of education, and in educational thinking more generally. Yet it has to be said that Arendt’s influence to this point has been more to provide us with a number of stimulating ideas about education than to provide a coherent understanding of the nature and importance of education in human life. I suggest here that we can begin to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of Arendt’s educational thought once we see how it follows from and is in constant dialogue with the educational thinking of Karl Jaspers — her personal and philosophical mentor for forty years.
Discrepant cervical cytology and colposcopic directed biopsies: Clinical predictive factors

Discrepant cervical cytology and colposcopic directed biopsies: Clinical predictive factors A. Ramzan, T. Meneses, Y. Lin, P. Fauceglia. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Pathology at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Gynecologic Oncology at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Cluster Core Dynamics in the Galactic Center

We present results of N-body simulations aimed at understanding the dynamics of young stars near the Galactic center. Specifically, we model the inspiral of a cluster core containing an intermediate-mass black hole and N ~ 50 cluster stars in the gravitational potential of a supermassive black hole. We first study the elliptic three-body problem to isolate issues of tidal stripping and subsequent scattering, followed by full N-body simulations to treat the internal dynamics consistently. We find that our simulations reproduce several dynamical features of the observed population. These include the observed inner edge of the claimed clockwise disk, as well as the thickness of said disk. We find that high-density clumps, such as that claimed for IRS 13E, also result generically from our simulations. However, not all features of the observations are reproduced. In particular, the surface density profile of the simulated disk scales as Σ ∝ r-0.75, which is considerably shallower than that observed. Further, at no point is any significant counterrotating population formed.
Formation and optical properties of metal nanoclusters formed by sequential implantation of Cd and Ag in silica

Nanometer dimension metal colloids fabricated by sequential implantation of Cd then Ag in silica and by single element implantations of the same elements are characterized by transmission electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. A nominal dose of 6 × 1016 ions/cm2 as determined by current integration was used for both ions species. The doses used for the sequential implantations were a 1 to 1 ratio of Cd to Ag. Sequential implantation of Cd and Ag leads to the formation of multi-component metal nanoclusters and elemental nanoclusters. The electron diffraction measurements were consistent with the formation of Ag5Cd8 and elemental Ag. With annealing the composition of the nanoclusters shifts to AgCd and elemental Cd. The optical responses are consistent with results expected from effective medium theory.
Firewalls - Are they enough protection for current networks?

Firewalls are widely deployed in most organizations connected to the Internet to implement their information security policy and to protect information from unauthorized access. Yet intruders still manage to attack systems and gain unauthorized access to information that is supposedly protected by these firewalls. This article examines some of the history and background of firewalls and what has led up to the current situation. Additionally this article will examine how any organization, even your home network, can be made a far safer place using readily available existing firewall technologies.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic management of liver tumors

Laparoscopy has clearly advanced the treatment of many diseases related to the liver and biliary tree. The addition of hand assistance can further facilitate minimally invasive liver surgery by providing tactile feedback, atraumatic and versatile retraction, finger-fracture parenchyma dissection, and more precise placement of probes and staplers. Over a 7-year period, 28 patients with liver tumors underwent 31 hand-assisted laparoscopic operations at a tertiary care center. The candidates for hand-assisted laparoscopic resection were patients with lesions involving two hepatic segments or fewer located at the inferior edge of the liver (segments 5 and 6), or confined to the left lateral segment (segments 2 and 3). Ablation was reserved for patients with poor functional status or limited hepatic reserve, and hand-assistance was added for laparoscopic ablation of centrally located tumors (segments 7, 8, and 4a). The selection criteria were met by 52 patients, 6 of whom had benign lesions. The remaining 46 patients had malignant disease, and 15 of these patients (33%) were found to have extrahepatic disease: 11 at initial laparoscopy and 4 at hand-assisted abdominal exploration. Manual exploration also detected additional intrahepatic treatable lesions in two cases. A total of 19 patients (68%) had metastatic disease, and 3 (11%) had primary liver cancer. The most extensive resections were five left lateral segmentectomies. All margins were negative. The mean operative time was 2.75 h, and the mean blood loss was 230 ml. Two diaphragmatic injuries occurred during ablation of segment 8 lesions. Three cases were converted to open surgery because of adhesions. The mean hospital stay was 3.7 days. A group of 15 patients who had metastatic colorectal cancer treated with resection and/or ablation had a mean follow-up period of 24 months (range, 2–61 months) and a mean survival time of 36 months. For selected patients, the hand-assisted technique can be applied safely and effectively to laparoscopic liver surgery and may identify the presence of previously undetectable intrahepatic or extrahepatic disease.
A Kohonen self-organizing map approach to addressing a multiple objective, mixed-model JIT sequencing problem

Abstract A technique is presented which addresses a JIT production-scheduling problem where two objectives are present – minimization of setups between differing products and optimization of schedule flexibility. These two objectives are inversely related to each other, and, as a result, simultaneously obtaining desirable results for both is problematic. An efficient frontier approach is employed to address this situation, where the most desirable sequences in terms of both objectives are found. Finding the efficient frontier requires addressing the combinatorial complexity of sequencing problems. The artificial neural network approach of a Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) is used to find sequences which are desirable in terms of both the number of setups and flexibility. The Kohonen SOM was used to find sequences for several problems from the literature. Experimental results suggest that the SOM approach provides near-optimal solutions in terms of the two objectives, in addition to comparing formidably with other search heuristics. Results also show, however, that the SOM approach performs poorly with regard to CPU time.
The complexity of anl p method for discrete Tchebycheff approximation in exact arithmetic

A discrete Tchebycheff problem is approximated by a sequence oflp norm problems. This is an algorithm to be used if a large number of variables is involved as is the case in the approximation of a function of several variables by a polynomial. The complexity of this procedure is investigated and a lower bound for the number of steps to reach e-optimality is established.
The role of helix stabilizing residues in GCN4 basic region folding and DNA binding

Basic region leucine zipper (bZip) proteins contain a bipartite DNA-binding motif consisting of a coiled-coil leucine zipper dimerization domain and a highly charged basic region that directly contacts DNA. The basic region is largely unfolded in the absence of DNA, but adopts a helical conformation upon DNA binding. Although a coil → helix transition is entropically unfavorable, this conformational change positions the DNA-binding residues appropriately for sequence-specific interactions with DNA. The N-terminal residues of the GCN4 DNA-binding domain, DPAAL, make no DNA contacts and are not part of the conserved basic region, but are nonetheless important for DNA binding. Asp and Pro are often found at the N-termini of α-helices, and such N-capping motifs can stabilize α-helical structure. In the present study, we investigate whether these two residues serve to stabilize a helical conformation in the GCN4 basic region, lowering the energetic cost for DNA binding. Our results suggest that the presence of these residues contributes significantly to helical structure and to the DNA-binding ability of the basic region in the absence of the leucine zipper. Similar helix-capping motifs are found in approximately half of all bZip domains, and the implications of these findings for in vivo protein function are discussed.
Diffusion and segregation in inhomogeneous media and the Ge x Si 1 − x heterostructure

A theoretical groundwork has been laid for modeling dopant diffusion and distribution in semiconductor heterostructures. The driving force for the diffusion of a dopant is no longer simply given by its concentration gradient as in homogeneous semiconductors, but by the gradient of its chemical potential that derives from several contributions to the free energy of the solid solution, including two sources of strain energy and the variation of band gap with the composition of the heterostructure. Expressions for dopant flux and segregation are given.
High-speed InGaAs thin film MSM photodetector characterization using a fiber-based electro-optic sampling system

As optoelectronic devices increase in speed, the measurement system used to characterize these devices must have sufficient bandwidth and minimum parasitic loading during test to accurately determine the intrinsic performance of the device under test. Conventional electrical measurement systems have an intrinsic bandwidth due to the available components for test and have parasitic loading due to direct electrical contact to the device under the test. Electro-optic sampling is an excellent measurement technique for characterizing ultra-fast devices because it has high bandwidth, is non-contact, is non-destructive, and relatively non-invasive. In this paper, an optical fiber-based electro-optic sampling system is designed and used for characterizing high speed InGaAs thin film MSM photodetectors. A fiber laser which is operating at 1556 nm wavelength was used for the sampling and excitation beam. Optical fibers were used to connect each component in the system for flexibility. InGaAs thin film MSM photodetectors were fabricated and characterized. InGaAs thin film MSM photodetectors were bonded onto a coplanar strip line deposited on a benzocyclobutene (BCB)-coated glass substrate for characterization. These thin film photodetectors show high speed operation combined with high responsivity and large detection area compared to P-I-N photodetectors operating at similar speeds
Mercury policy in the Great Lakes states: past successes and future opportunities

While mercury (Hg) releases to air and water within the Great Lakes states have declined significantly, concentrations of mercury in fish remain a cause for concern regarding human and ecosystem health in the Great Lakes Basin. This paper assesses the priority that Hg source reduction ought to have in relation to some other environmental concerns, and explores the relative costs of various Hg reduction policies. Long-range transport of atmospheric mercury creates a collective action problem for states, since most of the mercury emitted within any given state deposits outside that state’s borders, and since most of the mercury deposited within a state originated outside that state. This paper discusses some of the mechanisms that policy makers in the Great Lakes states employed to get beyond the collective action problem, including: providing an example for others to follow; using cross-jurisdiction cooperation to leverage the benefits of leadership on Hg reduction and control; and, promoting voluntary actions. Recommendations for future opportunities include: focusing reduction efforts on sources with the highest total mass of emissions rather than solely focusing on reduction of local deposition and utilizing all tools available in the clean air and clean water acts.
Structural relationships in the Duncan Mountains, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica

Abstract Rocks in the Duncan Mountains and at Mt Henson include late Precambrian(?) Duncan Formation, composed of metagreywacke, schist and gneiss, and Cambrian(?) Fairweather Formation, containing metavolcapic rocks, marbles, metaconglomerates and quartzites. The 2 formations are juxtaposed across a high-angle fault with more than 8000 m of stratigraphic separation. In the Duncan Mountains the sense of movement is high-angle reverse, whereas at Mt Henson it is normal. Schistosity and folding, associated with the faulting, have contrasting styles in the 2 formations. Deformation ceased with the growth of muscovite, but metamorphic grade continued through the biotite isograd, with sillimanite growth adjacent to plutons in the area. This activity was the local manifestation of the Ross Orogeny. There is no evidence to indicate that Duncan Formation was involved in activity identified elsewhere as the Beardmore Orogeny.
Measuring Accessibility of Housing to Public–community Facilities Using Geographical Information Systems

This paper examines housing accessibility to public–community facilities (PCFs) using geographical information systems (GIS) for four county–wide metropolitan areas in North Carolina with population ranging from 90,000 to 700,000. An optimization–based assignment model is developed and implemented in ArcView GIS. Rather than using the conventional and less accurate traffic analysis zone (TAZ) or census geography, this research uses detailed county–wide building and parcel databases to estimate direct distances, hence accessibility, from homes (i.e., apartment, manufactured home, and single–family house) to PCF (i.e., office, shopping center, school). The results indicate that distinct housing accessibility patterns exist. In general, multi–family housing such as apartment and townhouse enjoys higher accessibility to positive (desirable) PCFs, followed by single–family detached housing. Manufactured housing has been placed further away from most positive PCFs, but closer to some negative (undesirable) ones.
Logarithmic inapproximability of the radio broadcast problem

We show that the radio broadcast problem is Ω(log n)-inapproximable unless NP ⊆ BPTIME (nO(log log n)). This is the first result on the hardness of approximation of this problem. Our reduction is based on the reduction from the Label-Cover problem to the Set Cover problem due to Lund and Yannakakis [J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 4] (5) [(1994) 960-981], and uses some new ideas.
Emerging Patterning Materials: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities in Patterning and Materials by Design

Patterning technology is entering the nanomaterials era. Breakthrough advances in the basic sciences over the last twenty years are catalyzing novel material and assembly options. In the near future, these options may warrant consideration for fabricating advanced information processing technologies. However, material technology advances alone are not sufficient to induce changes and chemical substitution in manufacturing. In fact, manufacturing technology will change only when no other option exists. Therefore, the concurrent trend in lithographic challenges is noteworthy. Recent revisions of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) indicate that it is becoming increasingly difficult for mainstream lithographic technologies to satisfy projected ITRS dimensional scaling requirements, shown in Table 1.
Adhesion to Sodium Naphthalenide Treated Fluoropolymers Part I-Analytical Methodology

Abstract Fluoropolymers may be treated with sodium naphthalenide (Na/Naphth) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) so as to increase their ability to form adhesive bonds with other polymers or metals. We describe here a quantitative analysis of the chemical modification which results from such a treatment, using a range of derivatizations coupled with infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopic techniques. For example, after 60 min treatment of a perfluoroalkoxy film (PFA, a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkylvinylether), the polymer was partially defluorinated to a depth of 115 nm, with almost all the carbons in the affected region being functionalized in some fashion. Carbonyl groups were present at about 3.3 × 10−9 equivalents per cm2 of film surface, which, averaged over the 115 nm affected depth, is equivalent to about 0.25 carbonyls per 100 carbons. The carbonyl content increased with increasing storage time in air. The other major functionalities were alkene (26 ...
Giant cell lesions of the jaws: does the level of vascularity and angiogenesis correlate with behavior?

Purpose To compare vascularity and angiogenic activity in aggressive and nonaggressive giant cell lesions (GCLs) of the jaws. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of 14 GCLs treated at the University of California, San Francisco. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), CD34, and CD31. VEGF and bFGF expression in giant cells (GCs) and surrounding mononuclear stroma was classified into 1) high immunoreactivity (>50% staining) and 2) low immunoreactivity ( Results Of the lesions, 8 were aggressive and 6 were nonaggressive. High VEGF expression was found within the GCs in 4 of 8 aggressive lesions compared with 1 of 6 nonaggressive lesions. The stroma in both groups had low staining. High staining of the GCs for bFGF was found in 6 of 8 aggressive lesions compared with 3 of 6 nonaggressive lesions. The stroma of all aggressive cases showed high expression of bFGF compared with 3 of 6 nonaggressive cases. The aggressive group had a mean of 20.1 ± 5.4 vessels/high-powered field (hpf) stained for CD31 compared with 11.5 ± 5.6 vessels/hpf in the nonaggressive group. The aggressive group had 24.6 ± 7.0 vessels/hpf stained with CD34 compared with 18.5 ± 4.0 vessels/hpf in the nonaggressive group. Conclusions The vascularity and level of angiogenesis within aggressive GCLs are higher than those in nonaggressive lesions.
The α-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism and the antihypertensive effects of exercise among men with high blood pressure

The α-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism alters renal sodium transport and is associated with hypertension. Despite the immediate sodium- and volume-depleting effects of aerobic exercise, the influence of the α-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism on PEH (postexercise hypotension) has not been studied. In the present study we examined the effects of the α-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism on PEH among 48 men (42.6±1.6 years; mean±S.E.M.) with high BP (blood pressure; 144.0±1.7/84.7±1.1 mmHg). Subjects completed three experiments: non-exercise control and two cycle exercise sessions at 40% (light exercise) and 60% (moderate exercise) of maximal oxygen consumption. Subjects left the laboratory wearing an ambulatory BP monitor. PCR and restriction enzyme digestion determined the genotypes. No subjects had the Trp460Trp genotype due to the low frequency of 5% in the population. Repeated measure ANCOVA tested whether BP differed over time between experimental conditions and genotypes (Gly460Gly, n =36; Gly460Trp, n =12). Among Gly460Gly genotypes, SBP (systolic BP) was reduced by 5.2±1.4 mmHg after moderate exercise compared with non-exercise controls over 9 h ( P P P P ≥0.05) differed between the Gly460Gly and Gly460Trp genotypes respectively. Men with Gly460Gly had a reduced SBP after moderate exercise, whereas men with Gly460Trp had a reduced SBP after light exercise. However, only the SBP reductions after light exercise differed between genotypes. Our findings indicate that the α-adducin Gly460Trp genotype may be useful in identifying men who have a reduced BP after lower intensity aerobic exercise.
Properties of a nonparametric test for early comparison of treatments in clinical trials in the presence of surrogate endpoints.

Summary. A nonparametric test is derived for comparing treatments with respect to the final endpoint in clinical trials in which the final endpoint has been observed for a random subset of patients, but results are available for a surrogate endpoint for a larger sample of patients. The test is an adaptation of the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney two-sample test, with an adjustment that involves a comparison of the ranks of the surrogate endpoints between patients with and without final endpoints. The validity of the test depends on the assumption that the patients with final endpoints represent a random sample of the patients registered in the study. This assumption is viable in trials in which the final endpoint is evaluated at a “landmark” timepoint in the patients' natural history. A small sample simulation study demonstrates that the test has a size that is close to the nominal value for all configurations evaluated. When compared with the conventional test based only on the final endpoints, the new test delivers substantial increases in power only when the surrogate endpoint is highly correlated with the true endpoint. Our research indicates that, in the absence of modeling assumptions, auxiliary information derived from surrogate endpoints can provide significant additional information only under special circumstances.
The nine-dot problem: Beyond perceptual organization

A dozen versions of the nine-dot problem were individually administered. Instructions stating that S could extend his lines beyond the boundary of the square formed by the nine dots were marginally effective in increasing the number of Ss who solved the problem in a 10-min period. Presenting two extra dots outside the square dramatically increased the number of solvers. It was concluded that perceptual organization, seeing the dots as a confining square, is a minor factor in making the problem a difficult one. The source of the difficulty is, instead, the fact that the sequence of lines involved in the solution is nonobvious.
Modifying the Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Interface of PEG-b-PCL To Increase Micelle Stability: Preparation of PEG-b-PBO-b-PCL Triblock Copolymers, Micelle Formation, and Hydrolysis Kinetics

A set of PEG-b-PBO-b-PCL triblock copolymers were prepared for comparative studies of micelle formation and relative stability compared to the parent PEG-b-PCL diblock copolymers. Block copolymers that were characterized by 1H NMR and GPC were self-assembled in water by nanoprecipitation from organic solvents. Spherical micelles produced in near-quantitative yield were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The initial step in degradation of the block copolymers assembled in spherical micelles is shown by GPC and 1H NMR in acidic media to occur by hydrolysis of the interface ester group which cleaves the PCL segment in the core from the -PBOPEG and -PEG segments. Kinetics of hydrolysis of the ester groups that bind the hydrophobic PCL segment with either PEG or PBO units were followed by 1H NMR and demonstrate that the triblock has a reduced rate of hydrolysis. Inserting a short block of PBO between the PEG and PCL segments provides increased protection...
Family Selection of Child-Care Centers: The Influence of Household Support, Ethnicity, and Parental Practices

Accumulating evidence shows that young children benefit developmentally by participating in quality child-care centers and preschools. But we know little about which family characteristics and home practices influence parents' selection of a center-based program. This article reports on the influence of the family's social-structural attributes, ethnicity, and parental practices on the likelihood of selecting a center-based program, after taking into account economic characteristics. The odds that parents enroll their child in a center-based program are greatest when mothers are more highly educated, when the child is older, and when less plentiful (nonpaternal) social support is available to the mother, such as from a resident grandparent. Ethnic differences in the propensity to select centers were found, even after family-economic and structural variables were taken into account: African-American families were more likely than white or Latino families to use center-based care. Parental practices linked to the child's early literacy development and close supervision were related to the likelihood of center selection. Selection processes must be more carefully taken into account as researchers attempt to isolate the discrete effects of children's participation in centers and preschools.
Development of kainic acid and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid toxicity in organotypic hippocampal cultures

The excitotoxic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and kainic acid (KA) were studied in organotypic hippocampal slices maintained in vitro for various periods of time. Cultures aged to equivalent Postnatal Day (EPD) 10-12, 15-17, and 23-26 were exposed to 50 microM KA or 50 microM NMDA and were analyzed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 h, or 5 days after the initiation of the excitotoxin exposure. Neuronal injury was determined by: (1) propidium iodide (PI) uptake; (2) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release; (3) morphological damage in hematoxylin and eosin (H/E) stained sections; (4) loss of Nissl stain. Changes in PI uptake and LDH release after KA or NMDA treatment indicated that there was a developmental shift towards increasing sensitivity to KA toxicity during in vitro development, whereas cultures of all ages were equally sensitive to NMDA toxicity. The profile of damage in H/E-stained sections after treatment with KA or NMDA indicated a transient phase of damaged morphology at 12 and 24 h that was not evident after 5 days. To determine whether the disappearance of morphological manifestations of neuronal damage 5 days after treatment was due to recovery of morphology or to neuronal death, neuronal loss in Nissl-stained sections was also quantified. KA treatment did not cause significant neuronal loss in any hippocampal region in EPD 10-12 cultures, indicating that the neurons were able to successfully recover from the damage demonstrated in H/E sections at 12 and 24 h in these cultures. KA treatment in mature cultures (EPD 23-26) and NMDA treatment in all cultures produced a marked loss of identifiable Nissl-stained neurons at 5 days, indicating neuronal death and disintegration. The results provide further support for the similarities between the organotypic hippocampal culture model and in vivo excitotoxic models and also confirm that excitotoxic neuronal injury can be reversible under some conditions.
What Is the Academy Reading? One Answer

A review of the book "The Lost Bank: The Story of Washington Mutual--The Biggest Bank Failure in American History," by Kirsten Grind is presented.
Ultrafilters on the collection of finite subsets of an infinite set

Let J be an infinite set and let \(I = \mathcal{P}_f \left( J \right)\), i.e., JI is the collection of all non empty finite subsets of J. Let βI denote the collection of all ultrafilters on the set I. In this paper, we consider \((\beta I \cup + )\), the compact (Hausdorff) right topological semigroup that is the Stone-Cech Compactification of the semigroup (I, ∪) equipped with the discrete topology. It is shown that there is an injective map A → βA(I) of \(\mathcal{P}\left( J \right)\) into \(\mathcal{P}\left( {\beta I} \right)\) such that each βA(I) is a closed subsemigroup of \((\beta I \cup + )\), the set βJ(I) is a closed ideal of \((\beta I \cup + )\) and the collection \(\left\{ {\beta _{\rm A} \left( I \right)|A \in \mathcal{P}\left( J \right)} \right\}\) is a partition of βI. The algebraic structure of βI is explored. In particular, it is shown that (1) \(\beta _J \left( I \right) = \overline {K\left( {\beta I} \right)} \), i.e., βJ(I) is the closure of the smallest ideal of βI, and (2) for each non empty A ⊂ J, the set \(\mathcal{V}_A = \cup \left\{ {\beta _B \left( I \right)|B \subset A} \right\}\) is a closed subsemigroup of \((\beta I \cup + )\), βA(I) is a proper ideal of \(\mathcal{V}_A \) and \(\mathcal{V}_A \) is the largest subsemigroup of \((\beta I \cup + )\) that has βA(I) as an ideal.
Predictive value of fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid in the classification of follicular lesions.

Background. Fine-needle aspiration has been less valuable in the diagnosis of follicular lesions than for other neoplasms of the thyroid. It has been observed that follicular carcinoma is found in microfollicular, but not macrofollicular lesions, and this has served as a guide to management for many surgeons. The authors attempted to determine what cytologic parameters might usefully distinguish these types of follicular lesion. Methods. The histologic findings and cytology of 56 thyroid lobectomies for follicular lesions that had adequate preoperative fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid (FNAT) were reviewed. Histologic specimens were classified into macrofollicular, mixed, and microfollicular groups. Cytologic features examined included the presence of colloid, irregularity of cell arrangements within groups, the presence and size of flat and folded cell sheets, three-dimensional clusters, and microfollicles and macrofollicles. Results. Of the histologic specimens, 15 were preponderantly (≥ 70%) microfollicular, 19 were mixed, and 22 were predominantly (≥ 70%) macrofollicular. Three cytologic features were useful in their distinction: none of the predominantly microfollicular but 24% of the mixed and predominantly macrofollicular had abundant colloid (P = 0.048). Likewise, none of the predominantly microfollicular but 27% of the mixed and predominantly macrofollicular had large follicles (P = 0.026). Finally, 73% of the predominantly microfollicular but only 37% of the mixed and predominantly macrofollicular showed irregularity or crowding of cells in groups (P = 0.018). Conclusions. Used in combination, abundant colloid, regular spacing, and large follicles are helpful in distinguishing macrofollicular and mixed lesions from microfollicular ones, which have a higher malignant potential.
Failure probabilities of constructions designed for fire resistance

‘Normalized heat load’ is a quantifier of the destructive potential of fires, real-world compartment fires and test fires alike. For real-world fires it is subject to some uncertainties owing to the random nature of two of the variables it depends on: ventilation and fire load. For test fires also it is subject to uncertainties owing to a moderate degree of randomness that characterizes the results of test fires. A procedure is described for predicting the failure probability in fire of the boundaries of a compartment designed for fire resistance on the basis of information concerning the characteristics of the compartment and the design value of the fire load. The procedure is essentially deterministic, employing statistical considerations only as far as required by the nature of some of the input variables. With the aid of second-moment analysis, it is possible, furthermore, to design the compartment boundaries for appropriate target failure probabilities.
Development and application of dynamic simulations of a subsonic wind tunnel

Efforts are currently underway at NASA Lewis to improve and expand ground test facilities and to develop supporting technologies to meet anticipated aeropropulsion research needs. Many of these efforts have been focused on a proposed rehabilitation of the Altitude Wind Tunnel (AWT). In order to insure a technically sound design, an AWT modeling program (both analytical and physical) was initiated to provide input to the AWT final design process. This paper describes the approach taken to develop analytical, dynamic computer simulations of the AWT, and the use of these simulations as test-beds for: (1) predicting the dynamic response characteristics of the AWT, and (2) evaluating proposed AWT control concepts. Plans for developing a portable, real-time simulator for the AWT facility are also described.
On the Risk of Erosion of Cohesionless Sea Floors

Sea floor erosion caused by currents in natural or man-made channels such as coastal inlets and coastal navigation canals is in many cases a serious problem. Erosion is of course also the first step in the natural littoral processes that are forming the coastlines of the continents. While the problem of incipient motion of the particles of a cohesionless sea floor usually has been approached from a deterministic point of view it should be realized that this phenomenon actually must be of a stochastic nature due to the turbulence of the flowing water and the more or less random composition of the bed material. By developing expressions for the time-mean velocity profile near the bed, the hydrodynamic lift and drag forces acting on the individual particles and a criterion of incipient motion, an entrainment function similar to the one proposed by shields is derived.
The Impact of Transaction Costs and the Expected Length of Stay on Homeownership

Abstract Economic theory suggests that an increase in the expected length of stay in a dwelling increases the probability of a household choosing to own a house rather than rent. This hypothesis is derived from recognition that there are substantial transaction costs associated with homeownership and increased expected time in the home reduces the annualized transaction cost. Using a military data set, we confirm that expected length of stay in a dwelling and the transaction costs of selling are very important to the ownership decision. Our best estimate of the transaction costs of selling a home are the sum of 3% of house value and 4% of household earnings.
Parallel computation of radiation view factors between two arbitrarily oriented surfaces

Two implementations for parallel computation of radiation heat transfer view factors are formulated and tested for a model problem. Using a sufficiently large number of processors and a suitable communications paradigm, the solution time for the problem considered here scales linearly with the number of surface elements in the parallel implementation rather than the quadratic scaling obtained using a serial approach. For larger problems, significantly shorter solution times are obtained using the massively parallel Connection Machine 5 than those obtained on a single processor of the Cray C-90, a traditional vector supercomputer. Parallel performance was degraded for implementations using too few processors or data layouts leading to inefficient processor communication.
On the relationships between hardness and the elastic and plastic properties of isotropic power-law hardening materials

A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the hardness and the elastic and plastic properties for a wide range of materials is obtained by analysing the hardness characteristics (that are predicted by experimentally verified indentation analyses) of over 9000 distinct combinations of material properties that represent isotropic, homogeneous, power-law hardening metallic materials. Finite element analysis has been used to develop the indentation algorithms that provide the relationships between the elastic and plastic properties of the indented material and its indentation hardness. Based on computational analysis and virtual testing, the following observations are made. The hardness (H) of a material tends to increase with an increase in the elastic modulus (E), yield strength (σy) and the strain-hardening exponent (n). Several materials with different combinations of elastic and plastic properties can exhibit identical true hardness (for a particular indenter geometry/apex angle). In gene...
Size Effect on Functionally Graded Material Fabrication by Sedimentation

AbstractA simple, economic, and scalable material manufacturing method of sedimentation has been used to fabricate functionally graded materials for solar roofing panels. This paper investigates the size effect of aluminum powder on the material gradation in the depth direction when only aluminum powder or the mixture of aluminum and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) powder is uniformly dispersed in ethanol and then subjected to sedimentation for a certain period, respectively. A Stokes’ law–based model is developed to simulate the sedimentation process, in which the concentration of aluminum and HDPE particles temporally and spatially changes in the depth direction due to the nonuniform motion of particles. The concentration variation further changes the effective viscosity of the suspension, and thus affects the drag force of particles. The numerical simulation demonstrates the effect of manufacturing parameters for sedimentation and predicts the graded microstructure of deposition in the depth direction...
SCHLEIERMACHER AS ‘CATHOLIC’: A CHARGE IN THE RHETORIC OF MODERN THEOLOGY

Une charge pese sur la theologie de Schleiermacher, notamment sur sa theologie dogmatique. Celle-ci ferait en effet de lui un catholique. Trois exemples de ce discours sont analyses par l'A. Il s'agit tout d'abord de la critique formulee par un contemporain du theologien allemand, Karl Bretschneider dans son compte rendu de la premiere edition de la Glaubenlehre. Emil Brunner et Karl Barth ont insiste sur la theologie catholicisante de Schleiermacher. Enfin, dans son ouvrage, The Nature of Doctrine, George Lindbeck s'interesse a Schleiermacher et aux fondationnalistes catholiques
LifeNet: a flexible ad hoc networking solution for transient environments

We demonstrate a new ad hoc routing method that can handle transience such as node-mobility, obstructions and node failures. It has controlled management overhead, and is platform-independent (our demo includes phones, routers, and laptops running different operating systems). It achieves reliability and flexibility at the expense of throughput. It is ideal for scenarios where the reliability of connectivity is critical and bandwidth requirements are low. For e.g., disaster relief operations and sensor networks. Along with applications, we exhibit measurements to illustrate the advantages of our approach in dealing with transience.
Inviscid modes of instability in flow over a concave wall

Abstract The inviscid modes of instability in flow over a slightly concave wall are studied and it is shown that if UdU dη >0, where U(η) is the unperturbed velocity distribution, then oscillatory solutions do not occur. For a velocity distribution in the form of two straight lines the problem can be solved exactly, and detailed results are given for the first two convective modes of instability. If the fluid is considered to be a perfect electrical conductor, then this flow can be completely stabilized by a transverse magnetic field of magnitude μH 2 4πϱ = 0.5752 U 0 2 ( δ R ) , the numerical coefficient here being not too sensitive to the form chosen for the mean velocity distribution.
Solvolytic liquefaction of coal in the presence of poly (vinylcyclohexane)

Abstract Coal liquefaction in the presence of poly(vinylcyclohexane) (PVCH) was studied at 400 °C under an atmosphere of nitrogen. PVCH promoted coal conversion better than tetralin (27.8% for tetralin, 47.2% for preheated PVCH). The effects of the initial molecular weight of PVCH, of free radicals formed during a decrease within molecular weight, and of changes in molecular structure with decomposition were examined. Conversion increased with increased initial molecular weight between 112 amu (ethylcyclohexane) and 700 amu (low molecular weight PVCH); no effect was found for molecular weights greater than 700. The best conversion was obtained when preheated PVCH was used, resulting from formation of allylic hydrogens. Aromatic structures were not found in the preheated PVCH. It is concluded that PVCH with molecular weights of ≈ 700 amu with allylic hydrogens present promoted the liquefaction of coal better than tetralin.
Counting and Sampling Minimum Cuts in Genus $$g$$g Graphs

Let $$G$$G be a directed graph with $$n$$n vertices embedded on an orientable surface of genus $$g$$g with two designated vertices $$s$$s and $$t$$t. We show that computing the number of minimum $$(s,t)$$(s,t)-cuts in $$G$$G is fixed-parameter tractable in $$g$$g. Specifically, we give a $$2^{O(g)} n^2$$2O(g)n2 time algorithm for this problem. Our algorithm requires counting sets of cycles in a particular integer homology class. That we can count these cycles is an interesting result in itself as there are no prior results that are fixed-parameter tractable and deal directly with integer homology. We also describe an algorithm which, after running our algorithm to count minimum cuts once, can sample an $$(s,t)$$(s,t)-minimum cut uniformly at random in $$O(n \log n)$$O(nlogn) time per sample.
Jewish religion and risk of breast cancer.

Abstract Summary Background The excess risk of breast cancer among Jewish women has been attributed to the effects of difference in lifestyle and reproductive patterns, but there is now evidence that Jewish women may be more likely than other women to inherit mutations in breast-cancer genes. We investigated whether any excessive risk among Jewish women is confined to those with a family history of breast cancer. Methods We assessed the effect of Jewish religion on breast cancer in a large population-based case-control study (6611 women with breast cancer and 9026 controls) in USA. Participants were given telephone interviews and asked about known and suspected risk factors for breast cancer. Findings Overall, Jewish women had only a slightly raised relative risk of breast cancer (1·10 [95% Cl 0·84-1·44]; p=0·49). However, the relative risk was much higher for Jewish women with a first-degree relative who had breast cancer (3·78 [1·74-8·16]; p Interpretation These results are consistent with data suggesting that certain groups of Jewish women have a higher than expected rate of mutation in the breast-cancer gene BRCA1.
Impacts of climate gradients on the vegetation phenology of major land use types in Central Asia (1981–2008)

Time-series of land surface phenology (LSP) data offer insights about vegetation growth patterns. They can be generated by exploiting the temporal and spectral reflectance properties of land surface components. Interannual and seasonal LSP data are important for understanding and predicting an ecosystem’s response to variations caused by natural and anthropogenic drivers. This research examines spatio-temporal change patterns and interactions between terrestrial phenology and 28 years of climate dynamics in Central Asia. Long-term (1981–2008) LSP records such as timing of the start, peak and length of the growing season and vegetation productivity were derived from remotely sensed vegetation greenness data. The patterns were analyzed to identify and characterize the impact of climate drivers at regional scales. We explored the relationships between phenological and precipitation and temperature variables for three generalized land use types that were exposed to decadelong regional drought events and intensified land and water resource use: rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, and non-agriculture. To determine whether and how LSP dynamics are associated with climate patterns, a series of simple linear regression analyses between these two variables was executed. The three land use classes showed unique phenological responses to climate variation across Central Asia. Most of the phenological response variables were shown to be positively correlated to precipitation and negatively correlated to temperature. The most substantial climate variable affecting phenological responses of all three land use classes was a spring temperature regime. These results indicate that future higher temperatures would cause earlier and longer growing seasons.
Design and biophysical characterization of a monomeric four-alpha-helix bundle protein Aα4 with affinity for the volatile anesthetic halothane

Abstract A monomeric four-α-helix bundle protein Aα 4 was designed as a step towards investigating the interaction of volatile general anesthetics with their putative membrane protein targets. The alpha helices, connected by glycine loops, have the sequence A, B, B′, A′. The DNA sequence was designed to make the helices with the same amino acid sequences (helix A and A′, B and B′, respectively) as different as possible, while using codons which are favorable for expression in E. coli . The protein was bacterially expressed and purified to homogeneity using reversed-phase HPLC. Protein identity was verified using MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry. Far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed the predominantly alpha-helical nature of the protein Aα 4 . Guanidinium chloride induced denaturation showed that the monomeric four-α-helix bundle protein Aα 4 is considerably more stable compared to the dimeric di-α-helical protein (Aα 2 -L38M) 2 . The sigmoidal character of the unfolding reaction is conserved while the sharpness of the transition is increased 1.8-fold. The monomeric four-α-helix bundle protein Aα 4 bound halothane with a dissociation constant (K d ) of 0.93 ± 0.02 mM, as shown by both tryptophan fluorescence quenching and isothermal titration calorimetry. This monomeric four-α-helix bundle protein can now be used as a scaffold to incorporate natural central nervous system membrane protein sequences in order to examine general anesthetic interactions with putative targets in detail.
Factors Associated with Flammulated Owl and Northern Saw-Whet Owl Occupancy in Southern Idaho

Abstract Spatially explicit models depicting species occupancy offer a useful conservation tool for land managers. Using occurrence data collected in 2009 and 2010 from the Boise National Forest, Idaho, we developed distribution models for Flammulated Owls (Psiloscops flammeolus) and Northern Saw-whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus) to explore associations between habitat factors and owl occupancy. We then spatially applied these models in a Geographic Information System. We considered land cover and topographic variables at three spatial scales: 0.4-km, 1-km, or 3-km-radius plots centered on point-count locations (n = 150) with resolution of land covers at 30 m. Flammulated Owls occupied 27 (18%) point-count locations and occurred in areas with a higher proportion of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) at the 0.4-km scale, less diverse land cover composition at the 1-km scale, and in south-facing aspects at the 3-km scale. Northern Saw-whet Owls occupied 45 (30%) point-count locations and were associated with...
Industrial property prediction using Towhee and LAMMPS

Abstract Results are presented for Part 2 (density) and Part 3 (viscosity) of the First Industrial Fluid Properties Simulation Challenge (FIFPSC). In both cases, the physical properties were calculated using existing published force fields not specifically tuned to the problem at hand. No assessment of the accuracy of our predictions was made until the experimental values for each problem set were announced at the end of the competition. Liquid densities were computed for the Part 2 problem set using the Towhee Monte Carlo molecular simulation program and the Amber96, Charmm22, Compass, and OPLS-aa force fields. No single force field was able to provide parameters for all the molecules in the problem set, but the Amber96 force field had the best results of the four tested and a reasonable coverage of the problem set. Viscosities were computed for the Part 3 problem set using the LAMMPS molecular dynamics code. The Towhee program was used to generate equilibrium starting configurations. Only one force field, OPLS-aa, was used. The predicted viscosities showed average deviation of about 35% from the experimental values. In cases where the experimental density is known, substantially better accuracy can be expected.