cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Optimal Spacing for Cylinders in Crossflow Forced Convection

In this note I draw attention to a new fundamental aspect of the heat transfer performance of a bundle of parallel cylinders with crossflow forced convection, namely, the maximization of the thermal contact between the bundle and the fluid, when the volume occupied by the bundle is fixed. In the experiments described by Jubran et al. we have seen empirical evidence that the total heat transfer rate is maximum when the cylinder-to-cylinder spacing S has a certain value. This finding is important because it has been overlooked for decades, while forced convection from cylinders in crossflow grew into one of the most researched topics in heat transfer. 8 refs., 3 figs.
Differential involvement of endogenous opioids in sucrose consumption and food reinforcement.

Endogenous opioids within the central nervous system are postulated to mediate hedonic aspects of feeding behavior. To identify the relevant endogenous opioid receptor ligands, mice lacking one or two of the opioid peptide families β-endorphin, enkephalins or dynorphins were tested for sucrose preference in a two-bottle free-choice drinking paradigm under drug-naive conditions and following treatment with an opioid antagonist (1 mg/kg naloxone i.p.) or saline. Basal sucrose consumption was unaltered in all of the knockout genotypes compared to their congenic wild-type C57BL/6 littermates during 0.5 and 6 h access to a bottle containing 2, 4, 8, or 16% sucrose and a second bottle containing water. Moreover, all mutant genotypes and wildtype mice exhibited a similar compensatory decrease in overnight food intake following the extra caloric load from 6 h sucrose access. Although these basal responses to sucrose were unaffected by the knockout genotypes, naloxone reduced sucrose consumption by 50% compared to saline treatment during the first 0.5 h in wild-type and β-endorphin knockout mice, but had no effect in enkephalin knockouts, β-endorphin and enkephalin double knockouts, or dynorphin knockouts. These data suggest that naloxone reduces sucrose consumption in wild-type mice by blocking endogenous enkephalin and/or dynorphin signaling, but not β-endorphin. Dynorphin knockouts in the current study had bar-pressing responses for a palatable food reinforcer in an operant procedure under free-feeding conditions similar to wild-type mice while we found in a previous study that β-endorphin and enkephalin knockout mice had reduced motivation to respond [Hayward MD, Pintar JE, Low MJ. Selective reward deficit in mice lacking beta-endorphin and enkephalin. J Neurosci 2002;22:8251–8258.]. We conclude from these studies directly comparing three strains of opioid peptide knockout mice that enkephalin and dynorphin can modulate sucrose preference but are not necessary to support sucrose consumption. However, dynorphin was not necessary to support wildtype levels of operant responding suggesting that only enkephalin and β-endorphin modulate conditioned food reinforcement.
Radiology of ventilatory, feeding, and circulatory lines and tubes in the critically sick

A variety of supportive ventilatory, feeding and circulatory devices are employed in the management of critically sick patients. The hardware ranges from endotracheal, tracheostomy and chest tubes, nasogastric and nasoenteric feeding tubes, to central venous lines, umbilical venous and arterial catheters, pacers and automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators, intraaortic balloon pumps and ventricular assist devices. The accurate positioning of this hardware is critical to the well being of a patient. However, these devices may not be positioned appropriately. Faults may occur at the time of their insertion, or the hardware may get dislodged while in use. A portable chest radiograph can be extremely useful in identifying such mishaps. This pictorial review captures some of the critical scenarios which must be known to radiologists and the treating intensivists.
A variational principle for correlation functions for unitary ensembles, with applications

In the theory of random matrices for unitary ensembles associated with Hermitian matrices, m-point correlation functions play an important role. We show that they possess a useful variational principle. Let μ be a measure with support in the real line, and Kn be the n-th reproducing kernel for the associated orthonormal polynomials. We prove that, for m≥1, det [ K n ( μ , x i , x j ) ] 1 ≤ i , j ≤ m = m ! sup P P 2 ( x ¯ ) ∫ P 2 ( t ¯ ) d μ × m ( t ¯ ) where the supremum is taken over all alternating polynomials P of degree at most n−1 in m variables x¯=(x1,x2,…,xm). Moreover, μ×m is the m-fold Cartesian product of μ. As a consequence, the suitably normalized m-point correlation functions are monotone decreasing in the underlying measure μ. We deduce pointwise one-sided universality for arbitrary compactly supported measures, and other limits.
Queering the conflicts: What LGBT students can teach us in the classroom and online

Abstract Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students need to develop successful rhetorical strategies for dealing with the conflicts that education, community, and society impose upon them. Webbed writing environments provide a place where LGBT students can prepare to deal with those conflicts by: (a) challenging one another, (b) interrogating course plans and materials, and (c) collaborating responses to homophobic discourse. LGBT students more readily construct and rehearse rhetorical strategies online, because they feel freer to represent their sexualities, without the complications or inhibitions that real-time, in-person conversation imposes. However, these strategies are not as productive if LGBT students don’t also get the opportunity to discuss, analyze, and critique their online activity face-to-face, in anticipation of the writing and speaking tasks that they must perform in much less hospitable public environments.
Use of an immediate, qualitative progesterone assay for determination of day of ovulation in an equine embryo transfer program

An immediate, qualitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for progesterone was evaluated for use in determining the day of ovulation in an equine embryo transfer program. Plasma samples were collected from 27 mares from the third day of estrus to the second day of diestrus for 50 cycles. Ovulation was detected by ultrasound examination per rectum. Plasma progesterone concentrations were estimated using the qualitative assay to detect the time of the rise in progesterone after ovulation. Qualitative scores were compared to progesterone concentrations for the same samples as measured by a quantitative ELISA; the correlation between the two methods, expressed as a contingency coefficient, was 0.56. The accuracy of determining day of ovulation using qualitative progesterone results was compared to that achieved using the quantitative assay or detection of the first day of diestrus by teasing. Accuracy in determining day of ovulation +/- 1 d using the three methods was qualitative, 36/50 (72%); quantitative, 44/50 (88%); and teasing, 43/50 (86%). There was a significant difference in accuracy between the qualitative and quantitative progesterone assays (P<0.05).
Larger than Dbl: new structural insights into RhoA activation.

Dbl homology (DH) domains are almost always followed immediately by pleckstrin homology (PH) domains in Dbl family proteins, and these DH–PH fragments directly activate GDP-bound Rho GTPases by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP. New crystal structures of the DH–PH domains from leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) and PDZ-RhoGEF bound to RhoA reveal how DH–PH domains cooperate to specifically activate Rho GTPases.
Formation and Characterization of Potassium Cellulosates

Potassium cellulosates of rayon fibers were formed by means of an exchange reaction between preswollen rayon yarns and potassium methoxide in anhydrous methanol. Degree of substitution (DS) values ...
PKCη is required for β1γ2/β3γ2- and PKD-mediated transport to the cell surface and the organization of the Golgi apparatus

Protein kinase D (PKD) binds to a pool of diacylglycerol (DAG) in the TGN and undergoes a process of activation that involves heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein subunits βγ to regulate membrane fission. This fission reaction is used to generate transport carriers at the TGN that are en route to the cell surface. We now report that PKD is activated specifically by G protein subunit β1γ2 and β3γ2 via the Golgi apparatus–associated PKCη. Compromising the kinase activity of PKCη-inhibited protein transport from TGN to the cell surface. Expression of constitutively activated PKCη caused Golgi fragmentation, which was inhibited by a kinase inactive form of PKD. Our findings reveal that βγ, PKCη, and PKD act in series to generate transport carriers from the TGN and their overactivation results in complete vesiculation of the Golgi apparatus.
A Method of One-sided Nonparametric Inference for the Mean of a Nonnegative Population

Abstract For a few values drawn independently at random from a nonnegative population, I present what I have found to be an effective nonparametric method of one-sided inference for the population mean. The method is based on a martingale argument and use of the Markov inequality.
Health care reform and its implications for quality of care.

Health care reform packages are being designed primarily to address two important problems with the current U.S. health care system: access and cost. One component of the access problem is that 15% of the U.S. population is uninsured, and the other is that a substantial percentage of the insured U.S. population is concerned about the portability of its insurance coverage. One component of the cost problem is that many are concerned about the current total cost of health care in the United States or the cur-
HIV/AIDS preparedness in mental health care agencies with high and low substance use disorder caseloads.

Abstract Purpose: The Columbia University HIV Mental Health Training Project, created to improve the mental health workforce's AIDS preparedness in New York and neighboring states, sought to compare the perceived HIV-related needs and capacities of mental health care providers in settings where clients with substance use disorders predominated versus those where clients with substance use disorders were the minority of the agencies' caseload. Methods: The first consecutive 67 mental health care agencies that requested HIV/AIDS training between March 2000 and January 2001 completed a written needs assessment describing their HIV-related services and training needs. Results: Agencies with higher substance abuse caseloads were significantly more likely than others to have large HIV/AIDS caseloads, to be currently providing condoms to clients, and to rate staff comfort with sexual identity issues as well as drug-related issues as good. Overall, agencies that had received previous training in specific topic areas (e.g., HIV risk assessment) were significantly more likely than others to provide those services. Even so, in all settings, significant gaps in service provision were found. Implications: Two decades into the AIDS epidemic, mental health care agencies, especially those treating smaller caseloads of patients with substance use disorders, may not be providing sufficient services to meet their clients' HIV-related needs.
A strip-drawing simulator with computer-controlled drawbead penetration and blankholder pressure

Abstract Failure in the stretch-drawing of sheet metal panels is caused predominantly by either wrinkling or splitting. Wrinkling, which can occur in the flange inside the blankholder or in the unsupported side wall of the stamping part, is due to compressive circumferential stresses that result in buckling of the sheet. Splitting, on the other hand, is caused by excessive tensile stresses. Both modes of failure are influenced by blankholder force (BHF). Material flow is often modified locally by the insertion of drawbeads into the tooling. In industrial practice, drawbeads are a fixed component of the tooling and thus exercise their controlling function with a set penetration. A multiple-action hydraulic sheet-metal strip-drawing test apparatus has been constructed for the purpose of studying the effectiveness of feedback controls in sheet-metal forming. This device simulates the flow of sheet-metal in the blankholder and over the die shoulder in the stamping of sheet-metal panels. Its special features consist of the ability to adjust both the BHF and the drawbead penetration while the strip is being drawn and to measure forces in the sheet on either side of the die shoulder. Feedback control of the strip-drawing process using a proportional plus integral controller is demonstrated and the results are presented in the paper. The controller adjusts the drawbead position to eliminate the deviation of the punch force from the desired force. The results indicate that the addition of feedback control to the process reduces the effects of undesirable input variations as well as of disturbances on the output.
A four-spored mutant of Neurospora crassa

Four-spore ( Fsp ) is a semidominant mutant with variable penetrance, in linkage group II. From 2 to 40% of asci are four-spored when Fsp is heterozygous, and up to 70% when homozygous. A few asci make three or two ascospores; the remainder are eight-spored. Each ascospore in four-spored asci of Fsp initially contains a single nucleus, in contrast to the pseudohomothallic species Neurospora tetrasperma or Podospora anserina where two, unlike nuclei are included in each ascospore. Divisions are normal in Fsp until interphase II, when spindle pole bodies duplicate and form plaques but no mitosis follows. Instead, the four nuclei line up precociously on one side of the ascus, and each is enclosed by an ascospore wall. A single division then occurs within each ascospore, so that four-spored asci contain a total of 8 nuclei rather than the 16 seen in wild-type N. crassa or N. tetrasperma . Three-spored asci differ only in having one ascospore larger, with 2 nuclei. Thus one postmeiotic division is omitted in the four-spored and three-spored asci. Two divisions are omitted in rare two-spored asci, where ascospores are formed around single nuclei following the first meiotic division. An additional division then makes each ascospore binucleate, so that each two-spored ascus contains a total of 4 nuclei. Ascospores from four-spored asci are homokaryotic, but the larger ascospores from three-spored and two-spored asci are usually heterokaryotic.
A fatal overdose of arginine hydrochloride

Case Report: Arginine hydrochloride is used both diagnostically to test for growth hormone deficiency and therapeutically for treatment of metabolic alkalosis. We describe a 21-month-old girl who developed cardiopulmonary arrest following an accidental overdose of arginine hydrochloride. The patient developed acute metabolic acidosis and transient, but severe, hyponatremia. Thirty-six hours after successful resuscitation, she developed fatal central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. Unlike previous reports of arginine toxicity, our patient showed no evidence of hyperkalemia. This case illustrates a previously unreported mechanism of arginine hydrochloride toxicity.
Anesthesia Management of Patients with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy presents a challenge to the anesthesiologist. Because the condition is relatively prevalent, it is important for anesthesiologist to be aware of the pathophysiology. In this review, we draw upon case reports and studies of the anesthesia management of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy to enhance medical decision making. The scope of this article ranges from the preoperative period, when the severity of the obstruction needs to be assessed; the intraoperative period, with monitoring, as well as general management guidelines; and finally, the postoperative period, when it is important to minimize the sympathetic response. Furthermore, we address the management of the obstetric patient, with particular focus on neuraxial anesthesia, and extrapolate how this type of anesthesia may be applied to the management of patients undergoing nonlaboring, noncardiac surgery.
Using MEMS-based storage in computer systems---device modeling and management

MEMS-based storage is an emerging nonvolatile secondary storage technology. It promises high performance, high storage density, and low power consumption. With fundamentally different architectural designs from magnetic disk, MEMS-based storage exhibits unique two-dimensional positioning behaviors and efficient power state transitions. We model these low-level, device-specific properties of MEMS-based storage and present request scheduling algorithms and power management strategies that exploit the full potential of these devices. Our simulations show that MEMS-specific device management policies can significantly improve system performance and reduce power consumption.
TU-B-BRA-04: Practical Considerations for the Novel Multiple Adaptive Planning Strategy for Patients Concurrently Treated with the Prostate and Pelvic Lymph Nodes

Purpose: Our previous work presented the feasibility of a novel adaptive strategy, multiple adaptive planning (MAP), for the concurrent treatment of the prostate and lymph nodes. The question raised for this technique is how many plans can adequately account for multi‐directional movements of the prostate. In this study, we provide a guideline for the minimum number of plans required for clinically implementing the MAP technique. Methods and Materials: Data from five patients with high‐risk prostate cancer, who have undergone IMRT, were selected for this study. Without including lateral prostate shifts, combinations of anterior/posterior and superior/inferior shifts of 0 cm and 0.5 cm were considered. Correspondingly, a total of 9 IMRT plans were prepared for the following treatment. Double Image registrations between daily MVCBCT and the planning CT were conducted to identify independent prostate shifts. Based on this information, a most suitable plan was retrospectively selected and recalculated using the daily CBCTimages. For comparison, the corresponding iso‐center shifting plans were also created. Results: For 20 fractions from 5 patients, prostate shifts in the range between 0.4 cm and 0.8 cm, were observed in 13 fractions. Of these fractions, conventional iso‐tracking method would result in adequate dose coverage of the lymph nodes in only 37% days compared to 100% days in MAP strategy. Both strategies achieved 95% of the prostate receiving a daily dose > 97% of the prescription dose in 11, 12 fractions, respectively. Furthermore, the average D50 of the rectum and bladder in the iso‐tracking plans, 29.9 Gy and 31.5 Gy, were higher than those, 28.9 Gy and 28.9 Gy, in the MAP plans. Conclusion: Using of the MAP technique with 9 pre‐created plans, which accommodate for independent prostate shifts, can achieve our treatment goals for the treatment of high‐risk prostate cancer. Research partly sponsored by the USAMRMC (PC073349).
Clinical experience with a surgical approach to hydrops.

: This work was based upon the need to look at the role of surgical intervention in cases of presumed hydrops encountered in usual medical practice. A retrospective cohort study of 292 consecutive cases diagnosed as Meniere's disease was used to identify subjects severely enough affected to elect surgical relief. Two nested case-control design studies were subsequently conducted: one to compare surgical failures (4 cases) with successes (15 controls); and the other to compare the surgical group (19 cases) with a uniform random sample of all presenting Meniere's disease cases (10 controls). These data suggest the following testable hypotheses: (1) the younger the age of onset, the higher the probability that surgical intervention will be required to control episodic vertigo; (2) the younger the age of onset, the higher the probability of the failure of nondestructive surgery; and (3) patients destined for surgical intervention are likely to require at least twice as much office-based medical care as the general group of presenting Meniere's patients. A biological question arising from these data is, Does age influence the putative homeostatic pathophysiology implicated in hydrops?
On the Road to Self-Supervision

This article presents the model of clinical education at the University of New Hampshire designed to assure that graduate clinicians learn not only how to manage their client's programs but their o...
Comparison of In Vitro Susceptibility Characteristics of Candida Species from Cases of Invasive Candidiasis in Solid Organ and Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Transplant-Associated Infections Surveillance Network (TRANSNET), 2001 to 2006

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among both solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Candida is the most common cause of IFI in SOT recipients and the second most common cause of IFI in HSCT recipients. We determined susceptibilities to fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin for 383 invasive Candida sp. isolates from SOT and HSCT recipients enrolled in the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network and correlated these results to clinical data. Fluconazole resistance in C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis isolates was low (1%), but the high percentage of C. glabrata and C. krusei isolates within this group of patients increased the overall percentage of fluconazole resistance to 16%. Voriconazole resistance was 3% overall but was 8% among C. glabrata isolates. On multivariable analysis, among HSCT recipients fluconazole nonsusceptibility was independently associated with C. glabrata, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia, diabetes active at the time of the IFI, and any prior amphotericin B use; among SOT recipients, fluconazole nonsusceptibility was independently associated with any fluconazole use in the 3 months prior to the IFI, C. glabrata, ganciclovir use in the 3 months prior to the IFI, diabetes acquired since the transplant, and gender.
Development, growth, and egg production of Ageneotettix deorum (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in response to spider predation risk and elevated resource quality

. 1. Predation risk to insects is often size- or stage-selective and usually decreases as prey grow. Any factor, such as food quality, that accelerates developmental and growth rates is likely to reduce the period over which prey are susceptible to size-dependent predation. 2. Using field experiments, several hypotheses that assess growth, development, and egg production rates of the rangeland grasshopper Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder) were tested in response to combinations of food quality and predation risk from wolf spiders to investigate performance variation manifested through a behaviourally mediated path affecting food ingestion rates. 3. Grasshoppers with nutritionally superior food completed development ≈ 8–18% faster and grew 15–45% larger in the absence of spiders, in comparison with those subjected to low quality food exposed to spider predators. Growth and development did not differ for grasshoppers feeding on high quality food when predators were present in comparison with lower quality food unimpeded by predators. Responses indicated a compensatory relationship between resource quality and predation risk. 4. Surviving grasshoppers produced fewer eggs compared with individuals not exposed to spiders. Because no differences were found in daily egg production rate regardless of predation treatment, lower egg production was attributed to delayed age of first reproduction. Results compare favourably with responses observed in natural populations. 5. Risk of predation from spiders greatly reduced growth, development, and ultimately egg production. Increased food quality counteracts the impact of predation risk on grasshoppers through compensatory responses, suggesting that bottom-up factors mediate effects of spiders.
Probe dependency of flory–huggins interaction parameters between solvents: Cases of hydrocarbons and isosteric derivatives

Inverse gas chromatography has been widely used to determine the Flory–Huggins parameter, χ, between two solvents. Many studies showed that interaction parameters were probe dependent. In recent studies, it was proposed that the interaction between two solvents may lead to different contact probability between solutes and solvent mixtures and create an apparent solubility parameter different from volume average rule. An equation was previously derived to relate the probe dependency to the deviation of solubility parameter from the volume average rule. By plotting ϕ2ϕ3RT(χ23/V2) versus the solubility parameter of solutes, a linear trend could be observed with a negative slope for miscible mixtures. When there was an unfavorable interaction between two solvents, an opposite situation would be observed. In this study, mixtures of 19,24-dioctadecyldotetracontane (C78) and its derivatives were tested. The solubility parameters of mixtures showed negative deviation from the volume average. The plots of ϕ2ϕ3RT(χ23/V2) versus solubility parameter of solutes had positive slopes. For two derivatives the best estimated values of RT(χ23/V2) were negative in certain temperatures. Enthalpy–entropy compensation plot showed that these two derivatives have higher entropy of mixing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013
Non-zero boundaries of Leibniz half-spaces

It is proved that for any d ‚ 3, there exists a norm k ¢ k and two points a, b in R d , such that the boundary of the Leibniz half-space H(a;b) = fx 2 R d :
Peripheral reticular pigmentary change is associated with complement factor H polymorphism (Y402H) in age-related macular degeneration.

Objective To examine phenotypes of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients with the complement factor H (CFH) variant (Y402H, C allele at rs1061170). Design Clinic-based case series study. Participants The data set contained a total of 956 unrelated cases of AMD. Methods Age-related macular degeneration phenotypes of 796 carriers of the CFH Y402H variant were compared with the AMD phenotypes of 160 noncarriers. Main Outcome Measures Presence or absence of 34 phenotypic features. Results Of the 34 features analyzed, only peripheral reticular pigmentary change (PRPC) was associated with this CFH variant ( P = 0.0006). The proportion of AMD cases with PRPC correlated with the number of CFH risk C alleles in a dose–response fashion. Conclusions The CFH Y402H polymorphism is associated with PRPC, suggesting that AMD changes are not limited to the macula. Current AMD grading methods assess only the macula and should consider incorporating peripheral retinal changes. Phenotypes that suggest a high-risk genotype may prove valuable for diagnostic, therapeutic, and research purposes.
VisualDecisionLinc: A visual analytics approach for comparative effectiveness-based clinical decision support in psychiatry

Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) is designed to provide research evidence on the effectiveness and risks of different therapeutic options on the basis of data compiled from subpopulations of patients with similar medical conditions. Electronic Health Record (EHR) system contain large volumes of patient data that could be used for CER, but the data contained in EHR system are typically accessible only in formats that are not conducive to rapid synthesis and interpretation of therapeutic outcomes. In the time-pressured clinical setting, clinicians faced with large amounts of patient data in formats that are not readily interpretable often feel 'information overload'. Decision support tools that enable rapid access at the point of care to aggregate data on the most effective therapeutic outcomes derived from CER would greatly aid the clinical decision-making process and individualize patient care. In this manuscript, we highlight the role that visual analytics can play in CER-based clinical decision support. We developed a 'VisualDecisionLinc' (VDL) tool prototype that uses visual analytics to provide summarized CER-derived data views to facilitate rapid interpretation of large amounts of data. We highlight the flexibility that visual analytics offers to gain an overview of therapeutic options and outcomes and if needed, to instantly customize the evidence to the needs of the patient or clinician. The VDL tool uses visual analytics to help the clinician evaluate and understand the effectiveness and risk of different therapeutic options for different subpopulations of patients.
Post‐Hurricane Katrina Employment Recovery: The Interaction of Race and Place*

Objective. The mass migrations, infrastructure decimation, and widespread impact zone make Hurricane Katrina an especially difficult disaster from which to recover. Employment is an important aspect of effective disaster recovery. The purpose of this article is to examine determinants of employment recovery approximately one month and one year after Hurricane Katrina. Methods. The data are from a two-stage survey of Hurricane Katrina survivors conducted by the Gallup Organization in September/October 2005 and August 2006. A series of logistic regression models were preformed on data from the two time points. Results. The results suggest a complexity to inequality where race and place interact to determine employment recovery. Displacement, gender, income, and homeownership were also significant. Conclusions. Recovery efforts and future research need to incorporate more complex understandings of vulnerability, with particular attention paid to the issues of employment and reemployment.
4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Enhances Tissue Factor Activity in Human Monocytic Cells via p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation-Dependent Phosphatidylserine Exposure

Objective— 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is one of the major aldehydes formed during lipid peroxidation and is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of HNE on tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity expressed on cell surfaces. Approach and Results— TF activity and antigen levels on intact cells were measured using factor Xa generation and TF monoclonal antibody binding assays, respectively. Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface was analyzed using thrombin generation assay or by binding of a fluorescent dye–conjugated annexin V. 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was used to detect the generation of reactive oxygen species. Our data showed that HNE increased the procoagulant activity of unperturbed THP-1 cells that express traces of TF antigen, but had no effect on unperturbed endothelial cells that express no measurable TF antigen. HNE increased TF procoagulant activity but not TF antigen of both activated monocytic and endothelial cells. HNE treatment generated reactive oxygen species, activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and increased the exposure of phosphatidylserine at the outer leaflet in THP-1 cells. Treatment of THP-1 cells with an antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine, suppressed the above HNE-induced responses and negated the HNE-mediated increase in TF activity. Blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation inhibited HNE-induced phosphatidylserine exposure and increased TF activity. Conclusions— HNE increases TF coagulant activity in monocytic cells through a novel mechanism involving p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation that leads to enhanced phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface.
Long-Term Rearrest Rates in a Sample of Adjudicated Delinquents: Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Programs

The authors assess the impact of training school versus alternative program placements for a 12-year period on 266 youths remanded to the Texas Youth Commission in 1983. A proportional-hazards model is used to predict time until recidivism as a function of individual characteristics, criminal history, family environment, program placement, and delinquency risk. Being male, of younger age at the time of commitment, and in an institutional program prior to parole are found to significantly increase the hazard of recidivism. Although program experience does not affect the overall incidence of recidivism, it does affect the timing of subsequent criminal acts. Youth placed in alternative programs have significantly longer survival time until recidivism compared to youth who have been in institutions. In addition, these effects are greatest for the youngest offenders. An important benefit of alternative programs may be to lengthen a window of opportunity for additional rehabilitative efforts and interventions d...
Creation of high-quality long-distance entanglement with flexible resources

We present a quantum repeater protocol that generates the elementary segments of entangled photons through the communication of qubus in coherent states. The input photons at the repeater stations can be in arbitrary states to save the local state preparation time for the operations. The flexibility of the scheme accelerates the generation of the elementary segments (close to the exact Bell states) to a high rate for practical quantum communications. The entanglement connection to long distances is simplified and sped up, possibly realizing an entangled pair of high quality within the time in the order of that for classical communication between two far-away locations.
Graph-based functional test program generation for pipelined processors

Functional verification is widely acknowledged as a major bottleneck in microprocessor design. While early work on specification driven functional test program generation has proposed several promising ideas, many challenges remain in applying them to realistic embedded processors. We present a graph coverage based functional test program generation approach for pipelined processors. The proposed methodology makes three important contributions. First, it automatically generates the graph model of the pipelined processor from the specification using functional abstraction. Second, it generates functional test programs based on the coverage of the pipeline behaviour. Finally, the test generation time is drastically reduced due to the use of module level property checking. We applied this methodology on the DLX processor to demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.
Cooperation and conflict in the evolution of multicellularity

Multicellular organisms probably originated as groups of cells formed in several ways, including cell proliferation from a group of founder cells and aggregation. Cooperation among cells benefits the group, but may be costly (altruistic) or beneficial (synergistic) to individual cooperating cells. In this paper, we study conflict mediation, the process by which genetic modifiers evolve that enhance cooperation by altering the parameters of development or rules of formation of cell groups. We are particularly interested in the conditions under which these modifiers lead to a new higher-level unit of selection with increased cooperation among group members and heritable variation in fitness at the group level. By sculpting the fitness variation and opportunity for selection at the two levels, conflict modifiers create new functions at the organism level. An organism is more than a group of cooperating cells related by common descent; organisms require adaptations that regulate conflict within. Otherwise their continued evolution is frustrated by the creation of within-organism variation and conflict between levels of selection. The evolution of conflict modifiers is a necessary prerequisite to the emergence of individuality and the continued well being of the organism. Conflict leads — through the evolution of adaptations that reduce it — to greater individuality and harmony for the organism.
New insights into the effect of rapid transfusion of fresh frozen plasma on ionized calcium.

Abstract Study Objectives 1) To develop an in vitro system to simulate the kinetics of ionized calcium in mixed venous blood during rapid transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and 2) to use the in vitro data to estimate the effect of the transfusion rate relative to cardiac output (CO) on ionized calcium. Design Experimental study. Setting Research laboratory of an academic hospital. Measurements Citrated FFP was mixed with compatible heparinized whole blood at various volume ratios in vitro to simulate the mixed venous blood obtained at various flow ratios of FFP transfusion to the recipient's venous system in vivo. Ionized calcium was measured after each mixture. Main Results Mixing FFP and whole blood at volume ratios of 0:100, 5:95, 10:90, and 15:85 yielded ionized calcium levels (mean ± SD, mmol/L) of 1.23, 0.81 ± 0.02, 0.54 ± 0.08, and 0.34 ± 0.02, respectively. The 50% reduction in ionized calcium occurred at a volume ratio of 7:93. Conclusions An instantaneous 50% reduction in ionized calcium occurs in vitro at a proportion equivalent to a transfusion rate of FFP representing 7% of CO.
Optimal design of CCII-K circuits for high frequency applications

This paper presents the results on the evaluation eight variable-gain current conveyors by minimizing weighted mean square error of current gain and phase in frequency range from 5 MHz to 10 MHz. >
Combined radiation pressure field in a dual-frequency ultrasound system

The radiation force incident on an object in an ultrasound field has been utilized to create local displacements for making elastographic measurements. This study looks at the combined pressure field from two ultrasound transducers in a dual-frequency system to determine the radiation pressure field incident on an object in the focal plane. The combined pressure fields from a concentric-element transducer and a separate-element system with intersecting foci are analyzed. First, the combined pressure fields are calculated using a computer simulation of the summed linear fields. Then, the simulation results are shown to be in close agreement with experimental measurement of the pressure fields. Finally, the simulations are expanded to compute the radiation pressures for various target sizes and transducer geometries. A more thorough understanding of the resulting time-varying radiation pressure fields, as presented in this paper, facilitates the optimization of the dual-frequency set-up for radiation force imaging by providing general design guidelines for a dual-frequency imaging system.
Recognition and management of asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction

In recent years there have been encouraging developments in the therapy for congestive heart failure. Vasodilator therapy, as an adjunct to digitalis and diuretics, has made a major impact. Vasodilator therapy results in improved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, improved functional capacity, and enhanced quality of life. When an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor is used, several studies published since 1988 show that these improvements are accompanied by improved survival. Yet many questions remain. Principal among these is how to approach the patient who has significantly depressed LV function, but is asymptomatic or has only minimal symptoms. In these patients the prognosis cannot be based on New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, but must reflect objective measurements of ventricular function. Any intervention should be specifically designed to improve survival, since functional capacity and quality of life are apparently unimpaired. On the other hand, there are no data at present to suggest that intervention in these patients will improve survival. This article considers the evaluation of such asymptomatic patients and potential therapeutic approaches. These are the use of cardiac glycosides, the use of ACE inhibitors, or their combination. Circumstantial evidence supporting their use in this select patient population is considered. It is stressed that any decision to intervene therapeutically in the asymptomatic patient must be made by the physician on an individual basis.
A hexagonal shaped processor and interconnect topology for tightly-tiled many-core architecture

2-Dimensional meshes are the most commonly used Network-on-Chip (NoC) topology for on-chip communication in many-core processor arrays due to their low complexity and excellent match to rectangular processor tiles. However, 2D meshes may incur local traffic congestion for applications with significant levels of traffic with non-neighboring cores, resulting in long latencies and high power consumption. In this paper, we propose an 8-neighbor mesh topology and a 6-neighbor topology with hexagonal-shaped processor tiles. A 16-bit DSP processor and the corresponding processor arrays are implemented in all three topologies. The hexagonal processor tile and arrays of tiles are laid out using industry-standard CAD tools and automatic place and route flow without full-custom design, and result in DRC-clean and LVS-clean layout. A 1080p H.264/AVC residual video encoder and a 54 Mbps 802.11a/11g OFDM wireless LAN baseband receiver are mapped onto all topologies. The 6-neighbor hexagonal grid topology incurs a 2.9% area increase per tile compared to the 4-neighbor 2D mesh, but its much more effective inter-processor interconnect yields an average total application area reduction of 21%, an average power reduction of 17%, and a total application inter-processor communication distance reduction of 19%.
Multimarker approach predicts adverse cardiovascular events in women evaluated for suspected ischemia: results from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation.

Background Inflammatory marker and hemoglobin levels (eg biomarkers) considered separately, predict adverse events in selected populations. Hypothesis A multiple biomarker approach predicts adverse events in women referred for evaluation of ischemia. Methods We investigated associations between biomarkers (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, serum amyloid-A, and hemoglobin levels) with adverse outcomes in women referred for coronary angiography for suspected ischemia in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)–sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Results Among 595 women (mean age 58 years, ejection fraction [EF] 65%, majority without coronary stenosis ≥ 50%) followed for 3.6 ± 1.8 years (mean ± SD), those without abnormal markers had fewer events (11.6%) compared to those with 1 (18.4%), 2 (20.9%), or 3 (37%) abnormal markers (p < 0.001 for trend). Women without abnormal markers had fewer deaths (1.6%) than women with 1 (6.1%), 2 (9.1%), or 3 (17%) abnormal markers (p < 0.001 for trend). Adding low hemoglobin was associated with higher adverse event and all-cause mortality rates. In multivariate analysis, as the number of abnormal biomarkers increased risk increased. Women with 3 or 4 abnormal biomarkers were approximately 10–20 times more likely to die (p < 0.05). Biomarkers added to the predictive information provided by the Framingham Risk Score. Conclusions Among women undergoing coronary angiography for suspected ischemia, a multibiomarker approach predicted adverse events. Biomarkers added prognostic information beyond that obtained from traditional risk factors. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial regulation of the mTORC1 system in amino acids sensing pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates numerous cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, cell cycle, and autophagy. mTOR forms two different multi-protein complexes referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, and each complex exerts distinct functions exclusively. mTORC1 activity is sensitive to the selective inhibitor rapamycin, whereas mTORC2 is resistant. mTORC1 is regulated by many intra- and extra-cellular cues such as growth factors, nutrients, and energy-sensing signals, while mTORC2 senses ribosome maturation and growth factor signaling. This review focuses on current understandings by which mTORC1 pathway senses cellular nutrient availability for its activation.
Radiation effect on the permeability and cell adhesion of the cerebral microvasculature

The aim was to evaluate the effect of irradiation on cerebral microvascular permeability and cell adhesion. A cranial window was implanted in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats to visualize the cerebral subpial vessels. Intravital fluorescence microscopy was used to obtain the fluorescent images of cerebral microvessels after i.v injection of FITC-dextran and rhodamine to measure vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion, respectively. Permeability was determined by measurement of relative fluorescent intensity inside and outside of venules at specific time points after irradiation.
Licensure in Counseling: An Alternative Direction

Bernstein, B.L, & Lecomte, C. Licensure in Psychology: Alternative Directions.Professional Psychology, 1981, 12, 200–208.
Folinic Acid Responsive Epilepsy in Ohtahara Syndrome

Investigators at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, report a case of Ohtahara syndrome with transient folinic acid responsiveness but without evidence of antiquitin dysfunction in a girl later found to have a known STXBP1 mutation.
Fetal leukocyte pattern in premature rupture of amniotic membranes and in normal and abnormal labor

Abstract Clinical assessment of perinatal infection and the prognosis of the fetus affected by prolonged labor or premature rupture of amniotic membranes is difficult and is based on the infant's progress or bacteriologic investigation. This study was undertaken to determine if a leukocytosis, as in an adultlike response to infection, occurs in the peripheral blood of such infants, since the umbilical cord, placenta, and amniotic membranes are infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In this study, the mean leukocyte count (12,090 ± 4,010 cells per cubic millimeter) of 112 apparently healthy newborn infants was found to be lower than values previously reported; neither premature rupture of amniotic membranes nor the duration of labor had an effect on the total leukocyte count or the differential count. Intrauterine stressful situations did not affect the total leukocyte count but did alter the differential count with a resulting neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and monocytopenia. Nucleated red blood cells were significantly increased in possible stressful and hypoxic intrauterine or intrapartum conditions.
Utilizing High Gamma (HG) Band Power Changes as a Control Signal for Non-Invasive BCI

Current electroencephalography (EEG) Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) methods typically use control signals (P300, modulated slow cortical potentials, mu or beta rhythm) that suffer from a slow time scale, low signal to noise ratio, and/or low spatial resolution. High gamma oscillations (70–150 Hz; HG) are rapidly evolving, spatially localized signals and recent studies have shown that EEG can reliably detect task-related HG power changes. In this chapter, we discuss how we capitalize on EEG resolved HG as a control signal for BCI. We use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to impose spatial constraints in an effort to improve the signal to noise ratio across the HG band. The overall combination lends itself to a fast-responding, dynamic BCI.
THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS WITHOUT THE THEORY OF OSKAR PERRON

It is known and has been mathematically proven that the principal eigenvector is necessary for deriving priorities from judgments in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). According to the work of Oskar Perron, the principal eigenvector can be obtained as the limiting power of a positive matrix. In this paper we show that the principal eigenvector does not need the theory of Perron for its existence based on the fact that the principal eigenvalue and corresponding principal eigenvector are transparently obtained for a consistent matrix. By perturbation theory the result is obtained for a near consistent matrix. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v5i2.191