cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paliperidone for Treatment of Schizophrenia

In short-term studies, oral paliperidone is an antipsychotic that is more efficacious than placebo. We found its adverse effects to be similar to those of its parent compound, risperidone, with movement disorders, weight gain, and tachycardia all more common with paliperidone than placebo. In addition, paliperidone is associated with substantial increases in serum prolactin that may be associated with sexual dysfunction, although sexual functioning outcomes were not reported. At doses greater than 3 mg per day, oral paliperidone appears comparable in efficacy to oral olanzapine 10 mg per day. Regarding the critical comparison of oral paliperidone to risperidone, we have no information and are thus unable to determine if paliperidone has any advantages or disadvantages compared to its well-known parent compound.
Formation of chloroform and other chlorinated byproducts by chlorination of triclosan-containing antibacterial products.

Triclosan is a widely used antibacterial agent found in many personal hygiene products. Although it has previously been established that pure triclosan and free chlorine readily react, interactions...
Understanding disaster warning responses.

When threatened with some type of disaster, how do people respond? What are the social factors that constrain their responses? Receiver characteristics, message characteristics, and social contexts are explained and related to variations in disaster warning responses. Finally, two components of a vision for the future are described: (1) disaster event taxonomies, and (2) implemented social policies.
Sensory hair cell development and regeneration: similarities and differences

Sensory hair cells are mechanoreceptors of the auditory and vestibular systems and are crucial for hearing and balance. In adult mammals, auditory hair cells are unable to regenerate, and damage to these cells results in permanent hearing loss. By contrast, hair cells in the chick cochlea and the zebrafish lateral line are able to regenerate, prompting studies into the signaling pathways, morphogen gradients and transcription factors that regulate hair cell development and regeneration in various species. Here, we review these findings and discuss how various signaling pathways and factors function to modulate sensory hair cell development and regeneration. By comparing and contrasting development and regeneration, we also highlight the utility and limitations of using defined developmental cues to drive mammalian hair cell regeneration.
Dose-response of sodium excretion and blood pressure change among overweight, nonhypertensive adults in a 3-year dietary intervention study.

A cross-sectional dose–response relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure (BP) has been demonstrated, but evidence for a graded longitudinal effect is limited. Evaluation of BP response to sodium reduction was assessed in a 3-year lifestyle dietary intervention trial. BP changes at 18 and 36 months after enrollment were analysed according to concurrent quantitative changes in sodium excretion and by categories of success in sodium reduction among 1157 men and women, ages 30–54 years, with a diastolic BP (DBP) 83–89 mmHg, systolic BP (SBP) <140 mmHg, body weight 110–165% of sex-specific standard weight, and valid baseline urinary sodium excretion. Participants were randomized to a Sodium Reduction intervention (n=581) or Usual Care (n=576). From a 187 mmol/24 h baseline mean sodium excretion, net decreases were 44 mmol/24 h at 18 months and 38 mmol/24 h at 36 months in Sodium Reduction vs Usual Care. Corresponding net decreases in SBP/DBP were 2.0/1.4 mmHg at 18 months, and 1.7/0.9 mmHg at 36 months. Significant dose–response trends in BP change over quintiles of achieved sodium excretion were seen at both 18 (SBP and DBP) and 36 (SBP only) months; effects appeared stronger among those maintaining sodium reduction. Estimated SBP decreases per 100 mmol/24 h reduction in sodium excretion at 18 and 36 months were 2.2 and 1.3 mmHg before and 7.0 and 3.6 mmHg after correction for measurement error, respectively. DBP changes were smaller and nonsignificant at 36 months. In conclusion, incremental decreases in BP with lower sodium excretion were observed in these overweight nonhypertensive individuals.
Indoor Simulation of Tire Wear: Some Case Studies

Abstract Methodology is described for the indoor simulation of tire wear. The motivation for developing indoor simulations was the need to establish consistent test results in reduced time and costs. Descriptions are given of two different indoor test facilities, a PC‐based laser scanning system for quantifying tire wear and an on‐vehicle tire force measurement system for replicating road histories in the laboratory. Case studies illustrate (1) the influence of tire load history on wear, in particular city cornering versus highway driving and drive torque versus free rolling, (2) the influence of a 3 m road wheel versus a fiat belt on wear, and (3) detailed comparisons between vehicle‐tested and indoor‐tested tires. Results indicate good correlation between indoor and fleet testing.
Multispectral imagery, hyperspectral radiometry, and unmanned underwater vehicles: tools for the assessment of natural resources in coastal waters

In many coastal oceans of the world, the flora and fauna are under stress. In some areas, seagrasses, coral reefs, fish stocks, and marine mammals are disappearing at a rate great enough to capture the attention of, and in some cases, provoke action by local, national, and international governing bodies. The governmental concern and consequent action is most generally rooted in the economic consequences of the collapse of coastal ecosystems. In the United States, for example, some experts believe that the rapid decline of coral reef communities within coastal waters is irreversible. If correct, the economic impact on the local fisheries and tourism industries would be significant. Most scientists and government policy makers agree that remedial action is in order. The ability to make effective management decisions is hampered, however, by the convolution of the potential causes of the decline and by the lack of historical or even contemporary data quantifying the standing stock of the natural resource of concern. Without resource assessment, neither policy decisions intended to respond to ecological crises nor those intended to provide long-term management of coastal resources can be prudently made. This contribution presents a methodology designed to assess the standing stock of immobile coastal resources (eg. seagrasses and corals) at high spatial resolution utilizing a suite of optical instrumentation operating from unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) which exploits the multi-spectral albedo and fluorescence signatures of the flora and fauna.
Measuring interference between live datacenter applications

Application interference is prevalent in datacenters due to contention over shared hardware resources. Unfortunately, understanding interference in live datacenters is more difficult than in controlled environments or on simpler architectures. Most approaches to mitigating interference rely on data that cannot be collected efficiently in a production environment. This work exposes eight specific complexities of live datacenters that constrain measurement of interference. It then introduces new, generic measurement techniques for analyzing interference in the face of these challenges and restrictions. We use the measurement techniques to conduct the first large-scale study of application interference in live production datacenter workloads. Data is measured across 1000 12-core Google servers observed to be running 1102 unique applications. Finally, our work identifies several opportunities to improve performance that use only the available data; these opportunities are applicable to any datacenter.
Nonprose alternatives as sources of manufacturing floor control software requirements

Abstract Research on WRENCH is an attempt to use the outputs and tools of various disciplines to progressively build the software requirements of a discrete manufacturing automation project. A queueing network simulation model can be viewed as an initial requirements description for subsequent software efforts. An expert system is used to consult with the designer/user about objects extracted by a simulation model transformation.
Cellular immunofluorescence: quantification of low abundance proteins.

Abstract Aminofluorescein can be extracted with alkaline carbonate buffer (0.5% Na 2 CO 3 in 0.1 m NaOH) from fixed cells stained in indirect immunofluorescence by fluorescein-conjugated antibody. Fluorescence is then quantified by spectrofluorometry. A standard curve obtained by dilution of known fluorochrome allows for subsequent spectrofluorometric analysis of the extracted aminofluorescein. A saturating quantity of primary antibody should be used to determine the level of staining associated with a cellular antigen. This simple method makes it possible to quantify samples used for immunofluorescence microscopy. It can be adapted for determining the DNA content in the same samples, allowing the quantity of antigen to be equated either to DNA content or to cells plated.
Model for turbidite-to-contourite continuum and multiple process transport in deep marine settings: examples in the rock record

Abstract Petrological analysis of geological sections in St. Croix in the Caribbean, the Niesenflysch in Switzerland and the Annot Sandstone in the French Maritime Alps sheds light on multiple process transport in deep marine settings. A model depicting a turbidite-to-contourite continuum of stratal types is applied to these three rock units. Recognition of a diverse suite of bedforms, coupled with analysis of paleocurrents, helps to better interpret depositional origin and basin paleogeography. The St. Croix strata record emplacement by gravity flows and, subsequently, by bottom currents flowing parallel to the base of slope; these sediments accumulated on a lower slope apron. A Niesenflysch section in the Swiss Alps west of Adelboden includes turbidites which were deposited at fairly regular intervals beyond the base of slope, in a setting more distal than that of the St. Croix sequences. Most of these turbidites appear to have been partially reworked by bottom currents related to basin circulation or to density flows from the basin margins. In the Annot Sandstone, reworked turbidites (termed transitional variants) and packets of entirely rippled strata are observed in submarine fan and slope sequences in the Peira-Cava area. In contrast to those in St. Croix and the Niesenflysch, the current-emplaced deposits of the Annot Sandstone are directly associated with fan-valley deposits. Such rippled strata in channels are deposits of gravity flow origin which were subsequently reworked downslope by currents generated by successive gravity flows; they also occur on levees by overbank flow. Consideration of multiple process transport is of special help to interpret sections which are poorly exposed, or which can be examined in cores, or which are located in sequences that have been highly deformed structurally.
Mitochondrial-Satellite and Circular DNA Filaments in Yeast

Mitochondrial DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a satellite DNA (density, 1.682) that appears to exist as open-ended filaments at least 5 microns long. DNA from intact cells contains circular filaments whose lengths vary from 0.5 to 7 microns, with a great majority at 1.95 microns. The circular DNA has a density similar to that of the major nuclear peak (1.697). When heat-denatured mitochondrial-satellite DNA is renatured, it cross-links to form a molecule that is larger than the native molecule. The formation of cross-links results in hypersharpening of the density profiles in cesium chloride and also leads to failure to pass Millipore filter paper.
The Development of the Quantum Mechanical Electron Theory of Metals: 1900-28

The development of the electron theory of metals from Drude’s free electron picture to Bloch’s quantum mechanical treatment of electrons in crystal lattices reflects in structure the evolution of quantum mechanics itself. As in that development, the steps leading to the quantum theory of metals may be divided into three periods: classical, 1900-26; semi-classical, 1926-8; and modern, late 1928 onwards. The classical period was dominated by the model of Drude and Lorentz in which a metal contained an ideal gas of conduction electrons governed by kinetic theory. Although the failures and contradictions of the model were strikingly apparent by World War I, few useful new concepts were added until Pauli’s crucial application in 1926 of Fermi-Dirac statistics to metals opened up the semi-classical period. In the following two years Sommerfeld, and others in his circle, by further application of the new statistics within the framework of the classical Drude-Lorentz theory, were able to resolve most of that theory’s outstanding difficulties. But it was not until Bloch’s paper in August 1928 that the full machinery of quantum mechanics, developed in 1925-6, was brought to bear on solids, thereby spearheading the creation between 1928 and 1933, by the first generation of theoretical solid-state physicists including Peierls, Wilson, Mott and others, of the modern quantum theory of solids.
Effect of Certain Chemical Factors on the Melting Quality of Process Cheese

Summary Fat and moisture contents, pH level, and free tyrosine level were not related to the melting quality of Cheddar cheese. Free tyrosine increased as the cheese aged. No relationship was noted between melting quality and fat, moisture, or pH level of process cheese, but the evidence indicated that when free tyrosine was above a given level, the melting quality was satisfactory.
In-flight calibration of the EOS Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR)

12 The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is one of five instruments on the EOS/Terra spacecraft. MISR consists of nine Earth-viewing cameras which continuously acquire global data sets in view perspectives from nadir to 70 degree(s). In order to maintain the radiometric calibration of the cameras, the instrument is equipped with an on-board calibrator. Spectralon panels, deployed at bi-monthly intervals, reflect sunlight into the cameras to be tested. This reflected light is measured by photodiode detectors which define the radiometric scale and allow the sensor calibration to be achieved. There exists six sets of four spectrally filtered photodiodes. For the first of the in- flight experiments the analysis was focused on validating the performance of the on-board calibrator components. As a result of these studies one blue-filtered, light-trapped detector was selected as the primary standard. All other on- board photodiodes have now been adjusted to be in agreement. This procedure has allowed improved band-to-band and camera- to-camera calibrations, in that all camera calibrations are traceable to a single standard. With these procedures in place MISR now plans to calibrate once every two months. New radiometric response coefficients will be delivered to the processing center following each experiment. This paper reports on these validation studies, and the post-launch radiometric response of the MISR cameras as determined during the first six months of on-orbit MISR calibration.
Nuclear Transformations Produced in Copper by Alpha-Particle Bombardment

The radioactivity produced by bombardment of copper with 11 Mev alpha-particles has been investigated. Activities having half-lives of 1.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 hours and 9.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 hours have been found to belong, respectively, to the radioactive isotopes of gallium ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{68}$ and ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{66}$. Both these isotopes have been found to be positron active. Absorption measurements gave values of respectively 1.8 and 3.1 Mev for the maximum energies of the short and long period positrons. Measurements of the positron tracks photographed in a cloud chamber gave, however, corresponding values of 1.9 and 3.9 Mev. The excitation function for alpha-particles and copper has also been investigated.
Generation of Uniform-Hazard Earthquake Ground Motions

This paper presents statistical models for the generation of biaxial earthquake ground-motion time histories with spectra that match those from samples of ground-motion records. The model parameters define near-field characteristics such as pulse velocity and pulse period, far-fault characteristics such as velocity amplitude and power spectral density, and envelope characteristics. The samples of ground motions used in this study were previously selected and scaled to be representative of particular hazard levels in particular geographical regions. A companion paper presents the fitting of the model to samples of ground-motion waveforms. In this paper, the new concept of a parameter-response correlation spectrum establishes the period-dependence of the correlation between the response spectrum and ground-motion parameters. Parameters that correlate to variability of the response spectra are retained as random variables and then fit to mean and mean-plus-standard deviation of biaxial response spectra of th...
Evaluation of a persulfate digestion method for particulate nitrogen and phosphorus

Abstract A persulfate digestion method for particulate nitrogen and phosphorus in aufwuchs suspensions was tested on two types of dried materials (orchard leaves and aufwuchs) and samples from a freshwater microcosm. Recoveries ranged from 80–100% depending on the reference material composition, and coefficients of variation were from 1.3–26.8% for nitrogen and 0.3–9.3% for phosphorus. The ease of the persulfate method is an advantage over the Kjeldahl procedure and in addition, the method appears to be well suited for analysis of particulate nitrogen and phosphorus in freshwater aufwuchs communities.
Abstract 2594: Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) upregulates heme oxygenase-1 through activation of ERK-Nrf2 signaling: Cytoprotective mechanism against oxidative damage

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Protection of cells from oxidative insult could be attained by directly scavenging the reactive oxygen species or more significantly by stimulating the intracellular antioxidant defense through induction of antioxidant gene expression. It has been well documented that the transcriptional activation of Nrf2 in response to oxidative stress results in increased nuclear translocation and its binding to the antioxidant response elements (AREs) found in the promoters of genes, encoding antioxidant enzymes. Studies have demonstrated that Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family is important in modulating ARE driven gene expression via Nrf2 activation. In the present study, we investigated which particular MAPK family member plays an important role in the regulation of chamomile-induced Nrf2-dependent ARE activity and ARE-driven antioxidant gene expression in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. We used aqueous chamomile extract (5, 10, 20 and 40µg/mL) obtained from dried flowers with and without MAPK pharmacological inhibitors to investigate their effect on Nrf2 activation. Pretreatment of macrophages with chamomile significantly induced the expression of antioxidant gene, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 mRNA and protein in concentration and time dependent manner. Chamomile exposure increased the nuclear Nrf2 levels which correlated with Nrf2 phosphorylation and its dissociation from Keap1 in both concentration and time dependent manner. Furthermore, chamomile treatment increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but not other kinases, which might result in Nrf2 phosphorylation. Treatment of macrophages with 5µM U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) was able to reduce chamomile-induced ERK phosphorylation, as well as Nrf2 phosphorylation, affecting the levels of HO-1. To confirm the role of Nrf2 in the induction of HO-1, knockdown of Nrf2 using siRNA in the macrophages resulted in significant inhibition of HO-1 expression. Furthermore, chamomile protected the cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and this protective effect was inhibited by U0126 and ZnPP (Zinc protoporphyrin-10µM), a HO-1 inhibitor. Taken together, these data suggest that chamomile augments cellular antioxidant defense capacity through induction of HO-1 via ERK-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, thereby protecting the cells from oxidative stress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2594. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2594
Uncovering Impact: The Influence of Archives on Student Learning

Abstract University archivists and special collections librarians offer orientations and assistance to students who use their resources for course projects, but assessment of the impact of these interactions on students has been largely overlooked. We address this gap by presenting the results of a survey of 452 students at two universities who had a formal orientation to the archives as part of their coursework. We assess the impact of their exposure to archives using several measures, including: confidence in finding and conducting research with primary source materials; perception of archival research as relevant to the students' goals; student evaluation of their experience in the archives; and willingness to return to use the archives in the future. The results of this study provide university archivists and special collections librarians with an understanding of the different learning impacts that are possible through exposure to the archives and will be useful in identifying learning outcomes for undergraduate and graduate students using archival and manuscript materials in the future.
Grid Independence Via Automated Unstructured Adaptation

Grid independence is frequently an overlooked item in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. Results obtained from grid dependent solutions may prove to be costly, in that engineering design decisions can be made using potentially faulty information. An automated method for grid independence is developed for two-dimensional unstructured wall function grids. Grid independence is achieved via successive levels of adaptive refinement. Adaptive refinement is performed in an automated manner and is based on multiple field variables. Sensors are placed at strategic locations within the flow field, which are determined by examining the CFD solution of a uniform grid. Three cases are examined, the backward-facing step, flow over an asymmetric transonic airfoil, and hydrogen combustion in a channel. Grid independent solutions are obtained for all three cases. Results for each case compare well with experimental data and/or other numerical predictions.
Development of a reverse genetics system to generate recombinant Marburg virus derived from a bat isolate

Abstract Recent investigations have shown the Egyptian fruit bat ( Rousettus aegyptiacus ) to be a natural reservoir for marburgviruses. To better understand the life cycle of these viruses in the natural host, a new reverse genetics system was developed for the reliable rescue of a Marburg virus (MARV) originally isolated directly from a R. aegyptiacus bat (371Bat). To develop this system, the exact terminal sequences were first determined by 5′ and 3′ RACE, followed by the cloning of viral proteins NP, VP35, VP30 and L into expression plasmids. Novel conditions were then developed to efficiently replicate virus mini-genomes followed by the construction of full-length genomic clones from which recombinant wild type and GFP-containing MARVs were rescued. Surprisingly, when these recombinant MARVs were propagated in primary human macrophages, a dramatic difference was found in their ability to grow and to elicit anti-viral cytokine responses.
A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING OF ALCOHOL USE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN THE U.S. MILITARY: COMPLEXITIES AMONG STRESS, DRINKING MOTIVES, IMPULSIVITIY, ALCOHOL USE AND JOB PERFORMANCE

Aims: Young male adults in the U. S. military drink at much higher rates than civilians and females of the same age. Drinking has been shown to be associated with stress and individuals’ ability to effectively cope with stressors. Despite numerous studies conducted on young adults’ drinking behaviors such as college drinking, current literature is limited in fully understanding alcohol use patterns of the young military population. The aim of the present study was to develop and test the hypothesized Structural Equation Model (SEM) of alcohol use to determine if stress coping styles moderate the relationship between stress, drinking motives, impulsivity, alcohol consumption and job performance. Methods: Structural equation models for multiple group comparisons were estimated based on a sample of 1,715 young (aged 18 to 25) male military personnel using the 2005 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors among Military Personnel. Coping style was used as the grouping factor in the multi-group analysis and this variable was developed through numerous steps to reflect positive and negative behaviors of coping. The equivalences of the structural relations between the study variables were then compared across two groups at a time, controlling for installation region, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, and pay grade, resulting in two model comparisons with four coping groups. If the structural weight showed differences across groups, each parameter was constrained and tested one at a time to see where the models are different. Results: The results showed that the hypothesized model applies across all groups. The structural weights revealed that a moderation effect exists between a group whose tendency is to mostly use positive coping strategies and a group whose tendency is to mostly use negative coping strategies (Δχ2(39)= 65.116, p<.05). More specifically, the models were different (with and without Bonferroni Type I error correction) in the paths between “motive and alcohol use” and “alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences (job performance).” Conclusions: It seems plausible that coping style significantly factors into moderating alcohol use among young male military personnel who reportedly drink more excessively than civilians of the same age. The results indicate that it may be particularly important for the military to assess different stress coping styles ofyoung male military personnel so as to limit excessive drinking as well as to promote individual wellness and improve job performance.
A reversible pulmonary artery band: Preliminary experience

Pulmonary artery banding has become an infrequently used surgical technique. However, if a band was developed that could be relieved without the need for open heart surgery, it is likely that pulmonary artery banding would be used more frequently in the management of infants with congenital heart disease. Such a pulmonary artery band was placed in seven 1 week old mongrel puppies by using a loop of an absorbable suture material (Vicryl). One dog died at 2 months as a result of right ventricular failure. The remaining six dogs underwent cardiac catheterization and pulmonary balloon angioplasty at 6 months of age. After measuring pulmonary artery, right ventricular and aortic pressures and performing a right ventricular angiogram, balloon angioplasty of the band site was performed. A 20 mm balloon angioplasty catheter (Medi-Tech) was used in all dogs. Balloon angioplasty decreased right ventricular pressure from 101 +/- 19 to 42 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and right ventricular systolic outflow tract gradient from 59 +/- 14 to 7 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.03), and increased the size of the band site from 8.7 +/- 0.03 to 14.9 +/- 0.5 mm (p less than 0.01). All dogs were recatheterized 2 months after angioplasty and were then killed for pathologic evaluation. At follow-up catheterization, right ventricular pressure, right ventricular outflow tract gradient and pulmonary artery size at the band site remained at the values obtained immediately after angioplasty. Postmortem examination demonstrated that there was no evidence of pulmonary artery damage. Although these studies are preliminary, they suggest that a reversible pulmonary artery band can be performed.
Malingering and other validity considerations in the neuropsychological evaluation of mild head injury

Abstract Eight malingerers (MPs) were identified via significantly below-chance symptom validity testing (SVT) within a sample of 106 consecutive admissions for neuropsychological evaluation. The resulting incidence of 7.5% is seen as a minimal estimate of malingering within the sample. Eight individuals who “passed” SVT but produced neuropsychological data of questionable validity were also identified (QVs). MPs and QVs were compared with matched controls on 14 measures that have been previously suggested as indicators of invalid neuropsychological data. MPs and QVs differed from controls on General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale, Fingertip Number Writing, and Digit Span. CVLT Recognition, Finger Agnosia, and Speech Perception differed for one of the target groups versus controls and had trends toward significance in the other group. However, many of the previously suggested invalidity signs were rare or absent. Reliance on these measures could result in overconfidence in the validity of neuropsycholog...
A 32-bit PowerPC system-on-a-chip with support for dynamic voltage scaling and dynamic frequency scaling

A PowerPC system-on-a-chip processor which makes use of dynamic voltage scaling and on-the-fly frequency scaling to adapt to the dynamically changing performance demands and power consumption constraints of high-content, battery powered applications is described. The PowerPC core and caches achieve frequencies as high as 380 MHz at a supply of 1.8 V and active power consumption as low as 53 mW at a supply of 1.0 V. The system executes up to 500 MIPS and can achieve standby power as low as 54 /spl mu/W. Logic supply changes as fast as 10 mV//spl mu/s are supported. A low-voltage PLL supplied by an on-chip regulator, which isolates the clock generator from the variable logic supply, allows the SOC to operate continuously while the logic supply voltage is modified. Hardware accelerators for speech recognition, instruction-stream decompression and cryptography are included in the SOC. The SOC occupies 36 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.18 /spl mu/m, 1.8 V nominal supply, bulk CMOS process.
On the Photo-Conductivity of Thallous Sulfide Cells

An investigation of the rise and decay of the photo-current in ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$S cells shows that the simple bimolecular recombination theory on which previous quantitative discussions of the photo-effect in ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$S were based is inadequate for the complete explanation of these curves. The dependence of the initial slopes of the response curves on light intensity is that to be expected for a homogeneous photo-conductor, but the temperature dependence of these slopes suggests the presence of barriers which influence the conductivity through the mobility. The variation of both the initial slopes and the steady-state photo-conductivity with temperature indicate an exponential dependence of the mobility upon temperature with an activation energy of 0.19 ev. These results indicate that ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$S conforms to neither the strictly homogeneous model nor the sharp barrier picture but possesses features of both of these models; the photo-effect corresponds to the homogeneous model, but the charge carriers move with a mobility determined by light-insensitive barriers.
A Gaussian statistical mechanical model for the equilibrium thermodynamics of barnase folding.

Given an all non-hydrogen-atom potential function that implicitly includes solvation effects, it is possible to adjust its parameters to favor the correct native structure for several proteins over decoys produced by ungapped threading. It is also possible to further train it to reproduce the experimental free energy of unfolding in aqueous solution at 298 K for wild-type barnase and 66 mutants. For this, the native state is represented by the crystal structure at a single energy level with a calculated low degeneracy; the denatured state is represented by the extended conformation and a high calculated degeneracy. The same two-state model can be extended to account for the stability of all 67 sequences toward urea denaturation at 298 K by building in a solvation term that depends on urea concentration. With the addition of one more parameter set to give the correct heat capacity of unfolded barnase in solution, it is possible to approximate the experimental thermodynamics of barnase thermal denaturation: melting temperature, width of thermal transition, ΔG, ΔH, ΔS, and ΔCp. This requires a novel sort of statistical mechanical model where the two states each have a Gaussian density of microscopic state distribution as a function of energy.
Rayleigh–Taylor instability of superposed barotropic fluids

Effects of compressibility on Rayleigh–Taylor instability of superposed fluids are considered. The density is allowed to vary with pressure under the barotropy assumption. The small-compressibility limit is considered first in order to facilitate an analytical calculation. For the case with equal speeds of sound in the two superposed fluids, a non-trivial analytical compressibility correction to the Rayleigh–Taylor growth rate becomes feasible if we perturbatively calculate the compressibility correction to O (g2/k2a4). To this order, compressibility effects are found to reduce the growth rate. This trend is validated for arbitrary compressibility cases as well via an exact evaluation of the dispersion relation.
Properties and device applications of deep quantum well resonant tunneling structures

Abstract A self-consistent quantum mechanical simulation is used to study the effects of doping, spacer layers, barrier height, barrier width and well doping on the bound state and bound state charge in a deep quantum well resonant tunneling structure. Experimental results for the GaAs and InP heterostructure material system are presented. Finally various device applications, such as microwave video detectors, charge transfer devices, and three terminal devices are proposed.
A stability criterion for sampled-data control systems

The accuracy of the neutron rem dose determination by nuclear track emulsion techniques in personnel dosimetry in the case of the most used Kodak NTA, Type A, emulsion between 0.02 and 20 rem and 0.6 and 20 Mev hardly depends on the directional dependence of the film, subjective counting errors besides, if the gamma dose does not exceed 5 to 10 r, neither on the fog granularity. The influence of less exact calibration and energy dependence of the neutron sensitivity as well as the orientation of the dosimeter to the neutron source and the human body and the fading effects are more serious. The fading is studied as a function of relative humidity at 20 deg C and it is found, that in high relative humidity after several days, nuclear tracks are no more countable. Suitable packing of the film can reduce this effect. One should take care of the evaluation of neutron dose measurements. (auth)
Polyamine-modified urea-formaldehyde-bonded wood joints. III: Fracture toughness and cyclic stress and hydrolysis resistance

The objective of this study was to improve the durability and stability of urea–formaldehyde-bonded wood products by decreasing the internal stress developed during the resin cure and by improving the ability of the cured system to withstand cyclic stresses. Urea–formaldehyde resins were modified either by incorporating urea-capped di-and trifunctional amines into the resin structure or by using the hydrochloride derivatives of some of these amines as the curing agent, or by both methods. This study supplements our previous work by examining the effects of additional amines and subjecting bonded products to additional testing. Solid wood joints bonded with a variety (7 of 15) of modified adhesives had resistance to cyclic stress superior compared to that of joints bonded with unmodified urea–formaldehyde adhesive; at least three of the modified adhesives approached the behavior of phenol–formaldehyde-bonded joints. Resistance to moist heat aging, although still inferior to that of phenol–formaldehyde-bonded joints, was significantly improved for joints bonded with modified adhesives over joints made with unmodified resins. The fracture behavior of joints made with modified adhesives was different from that of joints made with unmodified resins. The fracture energy was greater for joints made with three of four modified adhesives than for joints made with unmodified resins. Modified adhesives produced particleboards made with enhanced cyclic stress resistance. Formaldehyde emission from particleboards made with resins modified with urea-terminated amines was less than emission from boards made with unmodified resins. However, emissions from particleboards made with amine hydrochlorides were not improved compared to those from boards made with an ammonium chloride curing agent. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.1
Metastases from fresh human non-small cell lung cancers propagated in nude mice

Specimens from 69 freshly resected human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) were transplanted into nude mice. Twelve mice died before the transplants were evaluable. There were 4 takes of 12 evaluable transplants into untreated athymic nude mice and 24 takes of 45 evaluable transplants into nude mice with decreased natural killer (NK) cell activity. Fourteen tumor lines were propagated into 2 or more successive transplant generations. Distant metastases occurred from the mid-dorsal transplant site in 8 of 81 (9.88%) recipients of 4 of those tumor lines, after 3-9 consecutive tumor growth cycles. Xenotransplantation of freshly resected human NSCLC provides a model with potential for serial assessment of cellular changes related to metastatic capability.
Developing a Training Program on Issues in Aging for Correctional Workers

Older adults who are incarcerated and living in prisons represent an increasing, yet invisible, group among the aging population. Two factors in particular have contributed to this growth: the aging of the general population and the escalating number of prisoners serving long sentences. Working effectively with older inmates poses a challenge for correctional workers who are accustomed to dealing with a much younger clientele. In many states, correctional employees are required to obtain annual training, and educational institutions can play a major role in providing the expertise necessary in the development of quality training materials on issues related to aging. While continuing education programs to address the needs of workers in community-based and long-term care settings have grown rapidly, they have made negligible progress in more obscure settings such as prisons. This paper discusses the development of a 6-hour training program entitled "Issues in Aging for Correctional Workers." The training was developed through the interdisciplinary collaborative efforts of two faculty members who teach in the criminal justice and sociology/social work departments at a medium-sized liberal arts university in the upper Midwest.
Sterile neutrino dark matter bounds from galaxies of the Local Group

We show that the canonical oscillation-based (nonresonant) production of sterile neutrino dark matter is inconsistent at >99% confidence with observations of galaxies in the Local Group. We set lower limits on the nonresonant sterile neutrino mass of 2.5 keV (equivalent to 0.7 keV thermal mass) using phase-space densities derived for dwarf satellite galaxies of the Milky Way as well as limits of 8.8 keV (equivalent to 1.8 keV thermal mass) based on subhalo counts of N-body simulations of M 31 analogs. Combined with improved upper mass limits derived from significantly deeper x-ray data of M 31 with full consideration for background variations, we show that there remains little room for nonresonant production if sterile neutrinos are to explain 100% of the dark matter abundance. Resonant and nonoscillation sterile neutrino production remain viable mechanisms for generating sufficient dark matter sterile neutrinos. © 2014 American Physical Society.
The emerging Asia‐Pacific triangle

(1998). The emerging Asia‐Pacific triangle. Australian Journal of International Affairs: Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 47-61.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Tolerability, and Safety of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activator Cinaciguat (BAY 58‐2667) in Healthy Male Volunteers

Preclinical data indicate that the nitric oxide-independent soluble guanylate cyclase activator cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667), which is a new drug in development for patients with heart failure, induces vasodilation preferentially in diseased vessels. This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of cinaciguat. Seventy-six healthy volunteers were included in this randomized, placebo-controlled study. Cinaciguat (50-250 microg/h) was administered intravenously for up to 4 hours in a maximum of 6 individuals per dose group. No serious adverse events were reported. Four-hour infusions (50-250 microg/h) decreased diastolic blood pressure and increased heart rate (all P values < .05) versus placebo, without significantly reducing systolic blood pressure (P between 0.07 and 0.56). At higher doses (150-250 microg/h), 4-hour infusions decreased mean arterial pressure and increased plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels (all P values < .05). Pharmacokinetics showed dose-proportionality with low interindividual variability. Plasma concentrations declined below 1.0 microg/L within 30 minutes of cessation of infusion. Cinaciguat had potent cardiovascular effects reducing preload and afterload, warranting further investigation in patients with heart failure.
The effects of neuroleptic medications on basal ganglia blood flow in schizophreniform disorders: a comparison between the neuroleptic-naïve and medicated states.

Abstract Background Previous studies indicate that basal ganglia volumes of first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia are smaller than those of normal control subjects. Subsequent exposure to neuroleptic medication appears to induce volumetric change. Possible reasons for this include differences in blood flow and metabolism between the neuroleptic-naive and medicated states. Methods We used positron emission tomography (PET) to measure blood flow to the caudate and putamen, in a sample of 29 neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophreniform disorders and 29 matched control subjects. We also studied a subset of the patient sample ( n = 13), comparing their “before” versus “on” medication PET scans. Results We did not find a significant difference in blood flow to the caudate and putamen between neuroleptic-naive patients and control subjects even after controlling for whole brain blood flow; however, in the subset of 13 patients compared in the “on” versus “off” medication states, there was a statistically significant increase in blood flow to both the caudate and putamen. Conclusions Before treatment, there appears to be no difference in striatal blood flow between first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients and healthy volunteers, but there appears to be a significant increase in blood flow to the striatum after the treatment is initiated.
Short‐term survival and movements of Atlantic sharpnose sharks captured by hook‐and‐line in the north‐east Gulf of Mexico

Ultrasonic telemetry was used to compare post-release survival and movements of Atlantic sharpnose sharks Rhizoprionodon terraenovae in a coastal area of the north-east Gulf of Mexico. Ten fish were caught with standardized hook-and-line gear during June to October 1999. Atlantic sharpnose sharks were continuously tracked after release for periods of 0.75 to 5.90 h and their positions recorded at a median interval of 9 min. Individual rate of movement was the mean of all distance and time measurements for each fish. Mean ± S.E. individual rate of movement was 0.45 ± 0.06 total lengths per second (L T s -1 ) and ranged from 0.28 to 0.92 L T s -1 over all fish. Movement patterns did not differ between jaw and internally hooked Atlantic sharpnose sharks. Individual rate of movement was inversely correlated with bottom water temperature at capture (r 2 = 0.52, P≤0.05). No consistent direction in movement was detected for Atlantic sharpnose sharks after release, except that they avoided movement towards shallower areas. Capture-release survival was high (90%), with only one fish not surviving, i.e. this particular fish stopped movement for a period of 10 min. Total rate of movement was total distance over total time (m min -1 ) for each Atlantic sharpnose shark. Mean total rate of movement was significantly higher immediately after release at 21.5 m min -1 over the first 1.5 h of tracking then decreased to 11.2 m min -1 over 1.5-6 h, and 7.7 m min -1 over 3-6 h (P≤0.002), which suggested initial post-release stress but quick recovery from capture. Thus, high survival (90%) and quick recovery indicate that the practice of catch-and-release would be a viable method to reduce capture mortality for R. terraenovae.
Relationships Between Contraceptive Behavior and Love Attitudes, Sex Attitudes, and Self‐Esteem

The current research explores the relationship between intrapersonal variables relationship variables and contraceptive behavior among 350 men and women from a large southwestern university. Specifically It was predicted that the Love Attitudes Scale (Eros Ludus Storge Prgma Mania and Agape) and the Sexual Attitudes Scale (Permissiveness Sexual Practices Communion and Instrumentality) would be correlated with contraceptive use and reliability. It was postulated that Eros (passionate love) and Mania (obsessive dependent love) would be directly and positively related to reliable contraceptive behavior. It was further anticipated that Sexual Practices (sexual responsibility) and Communion (idealistic sexuality) would show the same pattern. One caveat in the research procedures allowed respondents to answer "does not apply" which could be used to deflect sensitive material; consequently where were demographic questionnaire which included a sexual and love history the Love Attitudes Scale which measures flexible attitudes rather than stable personality traits the Sexual Attitudes Scale toward their most recent partner Rosenbergs Self Esteem Scale and a Contraceptive Behavior Scale based on Visher research which distinguishes reliable contraceptives users by a score above the mean. The analysis was performed separately for men and women. The correlation analysis for the female sample indicated that Eros was positively related to contraceptive behavior (r=.20p<.05) but Mania was not. However Ludus (game playing love) was significantly and negatively correlated with contraceptive behavior (r=-.25p<.05). Communion and Sexual Practices were unrelated. General and sexual self esteem were positively related to contraceptive behavior (r=.20p<.05); even though they measured different concepts both self esteem scales were highly correlated (r=.72p<.05). For men the results indicated that only Eros was significantly correlated with contraceptive behavior (r=.27;<.05). A significant correlation was found for Communion (idealistic sexuality) and contraceptive behavior (r=.27p<.05) with a trend for Sexual Practices (r=.17p<.05). Sexual self esteem and self esteem were significantly correlated to contraceptive behavior and both were highly correlated (r.61p<.05). In the regression analysis womens Eros was a significant positive predictor of consistent contraception and Ludus a significant negative predictor with 12% accounted for and an insignificant F. For men 15% of the variance was accounted for by Eros and Communion. Gender differences were also determined. The findings support the importance of dyadic commitment to contraceptive behavior. The most prominent limitation is the limited population sample followed by the inconsistent item endorsement. Contraceptive counselors need to be sensitive to both the individual and the relationship.