cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement of a plate weakened by multiple holes with several patches for different types of plate-patch attachment

The most general situation of the reinforcement of a plate with multiple holes by several patches is considered. There is no restriction on the number and the location of the patches. Two types of patch attachment are considered: only along the boundary of the patch or both along the boundary of the patch and the boundaries of the holes which this patch covers. The unattached boundaries of the holes may be loaded with given in-plane stresses. The mechanical problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations which can be further reduced to a system of Fredholm equations. A new numerical procedure for the solution of the system of singular integral equations is proposed in this paper. It is demonstrated on numerical examples that this procedure has advantages in the case of multiple patches and holes and allows achievement of better numerical convergence with less computational effort.
Study Pharmacokinetic Behavior of MTX-HD and Rescue with Leucovorine in Human Plasma LC and RMNC13, Children Hospital

Abstract Introduction Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent cancer in the pediatric age, treated efficiently and in cases of low risk it is possible to obtain a cure of up to 80%. However, some low-risk patients die from complications secondary to drug toxicity. In Bolivia, administering MTX at high doses represents a risk of intoxication because serum levels of the drug can not be determined for the corresponding rescue, so the optimal doses should be reduced in these high-risk patients. Equipment Methotrexate MTX lyophilized powder. LVO leucovorin. TEAMS RMN, Bruker AVANCE AV-500 CHROMATOGRAPH HPLC, Waters: Alliance, with UV detector. Population in Study 10 children, eight male and two female, selected at random from a targeted population. Methodology Plasma of whole blood was used. The isocratic separation was implemented a K-C18 column (kromasil) with a mobile phase consisting of buffer of 50 mM sodium acetate (pH 3.6), acetonitrile (89:11, v / v). Results and Conclusions High doses of MTX, start from 2000 mg to 8000 mg, children should receive the correct rescue with LVO, in this work it was shown that the concentrations prove to be inappropriate, since the start of the rescue with 0.0021 ng / ml of LVO, coincides with the highest dose of MTX of 0.16679344 ng / ml. The follow-up of the patients showed that the therapy was concluded as follows: mucositis grade 2 to 3, between days 5 and 7 after the rescues with LVO ended, this shows that the rescue and recovery should be delayed for at least 3 to 5 hours. to readjust the dose of LVO to finish with a higher dose to decrease the toxic effect of MTX. Analysis by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance The LC signal overlaps in the sample could lead to doubt regarding a masking of the LVO peak by MTX or metabolites that have retention times between 11 and 14 minutes, which is why it was decided to apply the chemical technique of NMR-C13 which rules out the interference hypothesis.
The High-Efficiency Mode of Electromagnetic Launcher Operation

The high-efficiency mode of electromagnetic launcher (EML) operation is investigated. The high-efficiency mode for some launchers is achieved when the EML is operated in zero exit current (ZC) mode. Several power supply strategies to achieve high-efficiency ZC mode are presented. The investigation defines the ideal high-efficiency power supply for high-efficiency ZC mode launcher operation. The ideal power supply, in conjunction with a well-designed EML, will approximate an ideal launcher. The principles presented apply to all noninduction EMLs even though the discussion is limited to conventional railguns and helical launchers and augmented railguns and high-efficiency helical launchers. Theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experimental measurements.
Cardiometabolic and Perceptual Responses to Body-Weight Resistance High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Boys.

The majority of studies examining children's responses to high-intensity interval exercise primarily utilized running; however, this modality does not require/include other important aspects of physical activity including muscular fitness. Purpose To compare acute responses between a body weight resistance exercise circuit (CIRC) and treadmill-based (TM) high-intensity interval exercise. Method A total of 17 boys (age = 9.7 [1.3] y) completed a graded exercise test to determine peak heart rate, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and maximal aerobic speed. Sessions were randomized and counterbalanced. CIRC required 2 sets of 30-second maximal repetitions of 4 exercises. TM included eight 30-second bouts of running at 100% maximal aerobic speed. Both included 30-second active recovery between bouts. Blood lactate concentration was measured preexercise and postexercise. Rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment were recorded preexercise, after intervals 3 and 6, and postexercise. Results Participants attained 88% (5%) peak heart rate and 74% (9%) VO2peak for CIRC and 89% (4%) peak heart rate and 81% (6%) VO2peak for TM, with a significant difference in percentage of VO2peak (P = .003) between protocols. Postexercise blood lactate concentration was higher following CIRC (5.0 [0.7] mM) versus TM (2.0 [0.3] mM) (P .05). Conclusion HR responses were near maximal during CIRC, supporting that this body-weight circuit is representative of high-intensity interval exercise.
LEG ANGLE AND MUSCULAR EFFICIENCY IN THE INVERTED LEG PRESS.

Abstract Thirty-seven high school boys were tested2 for leg strength in an inverted leg press position at various angles of the leg on the thigh—100°, 110°, 120°, 130°, and 140°—to determine the best angle for optimum muscular efficiency. Reliability coefficients were high. The subjects extended their legs approximately 20° when exerting a maximum contraction. Between the starting angles, ranging from 100° to 140° measured with a protractor between the malleolus bone on the ankle, the head of the tibia on the knee, and the middle of the thigh, there was no significant difference in leg strength at any one of the angles.
Chicken embryonic toxicity and potential in vitro estrogenic and mutagenic activity of carvacrol and thymol in low dose/concentration.

Abstract Thymol and carvacrol are phenolic isomers with the potential developmental toxicity and endocrine disruptions (ED) at low concentrations. However, few reports estimated their toxicity and ED below 10−6 M (150 μg/L) (MW of thymol and carvacrol: 150 g/mol). In this study, both chemicals were determined for the developmental toxicity and potential ED at 500 μg/kg and 50 μg/kg using the chicken embryonic assay, potential estrogenic activity (EA) at 10−12 to 10−7 M (1.5 × 10−4 to 15 μg/L) by the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay, mutagenicity at 10−12 to 10−6 M (1.5 × 10−4 to 150 μg/L) by the Ames test, and an in silico method for ED. Carvacrol showed mutagenic risks at 10−7, 10−8, and 10−11 M (15, 1.5, and 0.0015 μg/L) while thymol at 10−6 and 10−8 M (150 and 1.5 μg/L). Carvacrol negatively impacted embryonic growth at 50 μg/kg, with weak EA at 10−8 M (1.5 μg/L). Carvacrol but not thymol had weak EA at 10−12 M (1.5 × 10−4 μg/L). Molecular docking to 14 types of hormone-related receptors revealed that carvacrol had higher binding affinities to two estrogen receptors and the mineralocorticoid receptor than those to thymol. Carvacrol and thymol varied in toxicities due to a different location of one phenolic hydroxyl group.
Single-shot x-ray phase-contrast and dark-field imaging based on coded binary phase mask

We introduce a coded-mask-based multi-contrast imaging method for high-resolution phase-contrast and dark-field imaging. The method uses a binary phase mask designed to provide an ultra-high-contrast pattern and reference-free single-shot measurement and an algorithm based on maximum-likelihood optimization and automatic differentiation to perform simultaneous reconstruction of absorption, phase, and dark-field object images. Further, we demonstrate that the method has great potential for real-time quantitative phase imaging and wavefront sensing when combined with deep learning.
Interaction of human Crx and Nrl in live cells measured using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)

Crx and Nrl are retina-specific transcription factors that control rod photoreceptor differentiation and synergistically activate rod phototransduction gene expression. Previous experiments showed they interact in vitro and in yeast two-hybrid assays. Here, we examined Crx-Nrl interaction in live HEK293T cells using two fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approaches: confocal microscopy and flow cytometry (FC-FRET). FC-FRET can provide measurements from many cells having wide donor-acceptor expression ranges. FRET efficiencies were calibrated with a series of donor (eGFP)-acceptor (mCherry) fusion proteins separated with linkers between 6-45 amino acids. Crx and Nrl were fused at either terminus with eGFP or mCherry to create fluorescent proteins, and all combinations were tested in transiently transfected cells. FRET signals between Crx or Nrl homo-pairs were highest with both fluorophores fused to the DNA binding domains (DBD), lower with both fused to the activation domains (AD), and not significant when fused on opposite termini. Nrl had stronger FRET signals than Crx. A significant FRET signal between Crx and Nrl hetero-pairs was detected when donor was fused to the Crx DNA binding domain and the acceptor fused to the Nrl activation domain. FRET signals increased with Crx or Nrl expression levels at a rate much higher than expected for collisional FRET alone. Together, our results show the formation of Crx-Nrl complexes in vivo that are close enough for FRET.
The Future of the Commodity Futures Market: How Customer Segregated Accounts Can Be Better Protected from Insolvent Futures Commission Merchants

After the bankruptcies of MF Global Holdings Ltd. and Peregrine Financial Group, the customers of the commodity futures market were shaken, and their trust in the market was clearly diminishing. Industry regulators have responded with great systematic changes to the regulatory regime, but customers seem to want more protection for their customer funds. Thus, industry leaders have established a range of ideas such as: industry sponsored insurance funds, Customer Guaranty Funds, Tri-Party Custodial Accounts and Central Customer Fund Repositories.Each of these alternatives must be examined and weighed by the CFTC and Congress. Any new regime that is adopted must consider the impact that it has on all market participants, large and small. Larger traders in the commodities futures market do not want to be burdened by unreasonable additional cost while the smaller traders want to their customer funds to be fully protected in the event of a FCM collapse. Thus, a reasonable short term solution would be to adopt an optional guaranty fund where customers would be able to decide the amount of protection for their customer funds. Likewise, a Central Customer Fund Repository should be a long term consideration for the protection of customer funds. This mechanism would provide the highest level of protection for customer segregated funds, and this would inject confidence into the commodities futures market.
Improved approximation algorithms for minimum-space advertisement scheduling

We study a scheduling problem involving the optimal placement of advertisement images in a shared space over time. The problem is a generalization of the classical scheduling problem P||Cmax, and involves scheduling each job on a specified number of parallel machines (not necessarily simultaneously) with a goal of minimizing the makespan. In 1969 Graham showed that processing jobs in decreasing order of size, assigning each to the currently-least-loaded machine, yields a 4/3-approximation for P||Cmax. Our main result is a proof that the natural generalization of Graham's algorithm also yields a 4/3-approximationto the minimum-space advertisement scheduling problem. Previously, this algorithm was only known to give an approximation ratio of 2, and the best known approximation ratio for any algorithm for the minimum-space ad scheduling problem was 3/2. Our proof requires a number of new structural insights, which leads to a new lower bound for the problem and a non-trivial linear programming relaxation. We also provide a pseudo-polynomial approximation scheme for the problem (polynomial inthe size of the problem and the number of machines).
A Framework for Creating and Using Maps of Privately Owned Spaces

The Facility Map Framework (FMF) is a new system of specifications and software for maps of privately owned spaces --- campus, building, room detail, and shelf or rack. Based on a generic object model, FMF supports map authoring from CAD or other drawings, asset databases and location sensor systems, map access through browsers or applications, and development of application programs. FMF can integrate existing system components to support interoperability and extensibility, and has features to address a number of additional engineering problems in location systems for private spaces. FMF is a work in progress, with many key elements implemented and others currently under design. Several demos are now in place, representing a variety of different scenarios for using indoor maps. This paper gives an overview of the system components and a number of the engineering challenges and solutions; it represents a progress report on this evolving project.
High critical current of Cu-sheathed MgB/sub 2/ wire at 20 K

For large-scale electric power applications of MgB/sub 2/ wire, especially at AC environments, development of nonmagnetic sheath material is essential. In this study, Cu-sheathed MgB/sub 2/ wire was fabricated using the powder-in-tube method and ultra-fine Mg and B precursor prepared by high-energy ball milling. Lowering the annealing temperature and shortening the annealing time effectively limit the reaction between Mg and Cu. Critical current density of the wire annealed at 700/spl deg/C for 5 minutes is 4.3/spl times/10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 20 K and self-field. Adding excess Mg in precursor further enhances critical current to 250 A at 20 K and self-field. These results demonstrate the potential of Cu-sheathed MgB/sub 2/ wires for large-scale applications.
Tropic lightning: myth or menace?

Lightning is one of the leading causes of death related to environmental disaster. Of all lightning fatalities documented between 2006 and 2012, leisure activities contributed the largest proportion of deaths, with water-associated, sports, and camping being the most common. Despite the prevalence of these activities throughout the islands, Hawai‘i has had zero documented lightning fatalities since weather data tracking was initiated in 1959. There is a common misconception that lightning does not strike the ground in Hawai‘i. This myth may contribute to a potentially dangerous false sense of security, and recognition of warning signs and risk factor modification remain the most important prevention strategies. Lightning damage occurs on a spectrum, from minor burns to multi-organ dysfunction. After injury, initial treatment should focus on “reverse triage” and immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation when indicated, followed by transfer to a healthcare facility. Definitive treatment entails monitoring and management of potential sequelae, to include cardiovascular, neurologic, dermatologic, ophthalmologic, audiovestibular, and psychiatric complications.
Evaluating community readiness to implement environmental and policy-based alcohol abuse prevention strategies in Wisconsin

BACKGROUND: Matching evidence-based alcohol prevention strategies with a community's readiness to support those strategies is the basis for the Tri-Ethnic Community Readiness Model (CRM). The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the association of a community's readiness to address alcohol abuse in their community with the implementation of environmental and policy-based strategies. METHODS: Twenty-one substance abuse prevention coalitions in Wisconsin participated in a pre-post intervention group-only evaluation using the CRM. As part of a Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) grant, all grantees were obligated by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services to implement environmental and policy-based strategies focused on one of three priority areas: young adult binge drinking, underage drinking, and alcohol-related motor-vehicle injuries and fatalities. RESULTS: At baseline, all communities (n=21) scored at or below a Stage 4 (on a scale of 1-9) readiness level ("preparedness"). The mean change in community readiness over the three-year period (2009-2011) was significant, but was less than one complete CRM stage (0.77, p=CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that implementation of environmental and policy-based strategies may improve a community's progression in perceived readiness to address alcohol abuse regardless of the community's baseline level of readiness to address alcohol abuse. RECOMMENDATION: An assessment specific for measuring community readiness for policy-related strategies should be developed. The assessment would include community-level factors (e.g. community climate) for implementing policy-related prevention strategies, and not assume a linear readiness model. Language: en
Population-based assessment of determining predictors for quality of prostate cancer surveillance.

BACKGROUND Despite recent interest in the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer, the acceptance of expectant management for patients with indolent prostate cancer has remained slow. Moreover, the intensity of surveillance strategies remains to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine the population-based intensity of surveillance strategy among patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who undergo watchful waiting/active surveillance and those who receive active treatment. METHODS Linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data were used to identify men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 2004 to 2007 who were followed until December 31, 2009. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to quantify the use of prostate-specific antigen tests, office visits, and second prostate biopsies within 2 years of diagnosis. RESULTS Compared with patients who were receiving active treatment, those who were undergoing watchful waiting/active surveillance were less likely to receive prostate-specific antigen testing and to attend office visits within the 2 years after diagnosis (P < .01). Of the 3656 patients who were undergoing watchful waiting/active surveillance, only 166 (4.5%) were on active surveillance (according to the authors’ a priori definition), although the number increased over the last 2 years of the study (hazard ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-3.71; P < .01). Limitations of the study included data limited to men aged 65 years or older and the lack of ability to discern between watchful waiting and active surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Active surveillance is underused, and there is uncertainty regarding the quality of surveillance for patients who undergo watchful waiting/active surveillance. Further research is needed into qualitatively describing the contributing factors that drive decision-making recommendations as well as improved surveillance measures for patients with prostate cancer. Cancer 2015;121:4150–4157. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
The Spread of Fire from a Compartment—A Review

The spread of fire from a compartment is considered as spread through a window, through a doorway, through openings associated with entry conduits, or ultimately through openings caused by deterioration of the structure shell. The literature is reviewed for each mode of spread. Emphasis is placed on the interaction of building geometry and building materials and their relationship to fire spread from a compartment. Examples are given in which mathematical design procedures or analysis could determine a fire safe design. Recommendations are presented for continued studies and practices in this area.
Letter from the Editors of Developmental Neurorehabilitation: State of the Journal Report.

AbstractPurpose: This editorial provides a brief history of the journal Developmental Neurorehabilitation and describes changes occurring as the journal transitions from Informa Health Care to Taylor & Francis publishing company. The changes described include (a) revised and expanded description of the journal’s aims and scope; (b) addition of 10 new positions for editorial board members; and (c) improved manuscript submission procedures. These improvements are possible and necessary given the journal’s increased rate of submissions. The journal’s impact factor (2.506), ranking in the field of rehabilitation, and decreasing percentage of submissions accepted for publication are discussed. Conclusion: The state of the journal is good and continuing to improve.
Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia originating from the left ventricle near the his bundle

A 62-year-old man with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) exhibiting left bundle branch block and left inferior axis QRS morphology with a Qr in lead III underwent electrophysiological testing. Successful ablation was achieved in the left ventricle (LV) at a site with an excellent pace map, adjacent to the His bundle electrogram recording site. At that site, the sequence of the ventricular electrogram and late potential recorded during sinus rhythm reversed during spontaneous premature ventricular contractions with the same QRS morphology as the VT. This case shows that VT can arise from the LV ostium adjacent to the membranous septum.
The Classical Progesterone Receptor Associates with p42 MAPK and Is Involved in Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling inXenopus Oocytes

The induction of Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation by progesterone is a striking example of a steroid hormone-mediated event that does not require transcription. Here we have investigated the role of the classical progesterone receptor in this nongenomic signaling. The Xenopus progesterone receptor (XPR) was predominantly cytoplasmic; however, a significant fraction ( approximately 5%) of one form of the receptor (p82 XPR) was associated with the plasma membrane-containing P-10,000 fraction, compatible with the observation that membrane-impermeant derivatives of progesterone can induce maturation. XPR co-precipitated with active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor wortmannin delayed progesterone-induced maturation and completely blocked the insulin-dependent maturation, indicating that the association of XPR with PI3-K could be functionally important. We also examined whether the nongenomic signaling properties of XPR can account for the ability of glucocorticoids and the progesterone antagonist RU486 to induce maturation. We found that none of these steroids cause XPR to become associated with active PI3-K; thus, association of XPR with active PI3-K is progesterone-specific. Finally, we showed that p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) associates with XPR after progesterone-induced germinal vesicle breakdown and that active recombinant MAPK is able to phosphorylate p110 XPR in vitro. These findings demonstrate that the classical progesterone receptor is involved in progesterone-induced nongenomic signaling in Xenopus oocytes and provide evidence that p42 MAPK and PI3-K activity are directly associated with the classical progesterone receptor.
High energy multi-jets at the CERN pp collider and the SSC

Abstract Multi-jet topologies at large transverse energy in p p collisions at W = 540 GeV are studied using a QCD parton-shower Monte Carlo model. The model includes gluon radiation off partons in both the initial and final state and hadrons are labeled according to whether they result from beam and target fragmentation of from outgoing parton fragmentation. Results of the QCD model are compared with CERN collider data from UA1 and UA2 and with predictions of the naive 4-jet parton model. The data show qualitative agreement with the QCD Monte Carlo and deviate greatly with the predictions of the naive parton model. Estimates of multi-jet production in p p collisions at the SSC energy of W = 40 TeV are presented and discussed.
Site of gene action in the development of hair pigment in recessive yellow (e/e) mice.

Abstract The site of gene action of the extension ( e ) locus in the mouse was investigated through the use of the neural tube-skin recombination grafting technique. Recessive yellow ( e e , a a ) neural tubes were grown with nonyellow ( E + E + , a a ) skin, and nonyellow neural tubes with recessive yellow skin. It was found that the production of phaeomelanin was controlled by the genotype of the melanocyte and that the skin genotype had no influence on the type of pigment synthesized. However, recessive yellow melanocytes synthesized phaeomelanin only in the hair follicle environment. Eumelanin is produced in all extrafollicular environments. The action of the extension and agouti loci therefore differ in determining the production of phaeomelanin in the mouse.
Analysis of Data from T-28 Aircraft Penetrations of a Colorado Hailstorm

Abstract This paper describes results of two penetrations of a moderate intensity storm made by an armored T-28 aircraft on 22 July 1972 as a participant in the National Hail Research Experiment. The penetrations showed multiple updrafts and hail occurrences indicating multiple regions of hailstone growth. Furthermore, the hail encountered occurred consistently near the edges of the updraft and was accompanied by high total liquid water contents as evidenced by moderate-to-heavy icing rates at those times. Vertical sections along the penetration track show a well-defined weak-echo region with the hail occurring in the high reflectivity gradients in advance of the reflectivity maxima associated with the storm rainfall. There is also a suggestion that the hail is being size-sorted with larger hail being found in stranger updrafts. Comparisons with numerical cloud models indicate that T-28 penetrations were made just below the updraft maximum. Model predictions of hailstone diameter were approximately 5–15 m...
NASA technology development priorities outlined

NASA's technology development efforts should focus on 16 high-priority technologies and their associated top technical challenges, according to a 1 February report by a committee of the U.S. National Research Council (NRC). The report grouped technology priorities within three objectives: extend and sustain human activities beyond low-Earth orbit; explore the evolution of the solar system and the potential for life elsewhere; and expand our understanding of Earth and the universe in which we live. In pulling together its priority list, the committee boiled down priority technologies from a much longer list to “as short a list as is reasonable in the face of anticipated constrained budgets.” In addition, the committee also “assumes NASA will pursue enabling technology related to all three objectives in a balanced approach, and the committee does not advocate support for one objective over another.”
Twelve-month diagnosed prevalence of behavioral health disorders among elderly medicare and medicaid members.

Objectives We examined the 12-month diagnosed prevalence of behavioral health disorders (BHDs) and dementia among elderly Medicare and Medicaid members in Massachusetts by primary payment source group (dual eligible, Medicare only, and Medicaid only) and age group (65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85 years and older). Design A retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Medicare and Medicaid programs. Participants Massachusetts Medicare or Medicaid enrollees age 65 and older as of January 1, 2005, (N = 679,182). Measurements International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes recorded on Medicare and Medicaid claims were used to identify the BHDs. Results The 12-month diagnosed prevalence was 19.4% for any BHD and 11.2% for dementia. The most common BHDs by disease category were major depression (severe mental illness [SMI]), other depression (other mental illness [OMI]), and alcohol abuse or dependence (subtance use disorder [SUD]). Dual eligibles had a considerably higher diagnosed prevalence of any BHD (38.8%), compared with 16.1% in the Medicare only group. The 12-month diagnosed prevalence of SMI, OMI, and dementia was higher in the older-age groups. Co-occurring SUD was higher for younger dual eligibiles. Dementia and mental illness co-occurred at much higher rates for dual eligibles than for either of the single-insurance groups. This combination increased with age in all three groups. Conclusions The 12-month prevalence of BHDs and dementia among elderly dual eligibles was disproportionately higher than other elderly Medicare or Medicaid members. However, access barriers to behavioral health services for this vulnerable population could be significant because Medicare and Medicaid payment limitations resulted in financial disincentives for providing these services.
The evolution of space robotics: new directions in human-robotic exploration

Through the Vision for Space Exploration (hence Vision) recently announced by the US President, NASA has received the charter and challenge of progressively staged human-robotic (H/R) exploration of the Solar System. This exploration encompasses the autonomous robotic precursors that will pave the way for safe and durable H/R presence at the Moon, Mars and beyond; it also entails the development of an orbital space infrastructure to support incremental, cost-effective deployment of both human and robotic assets deep into space. We overview these anticipated mission operations and functions in the context of future robotic and telerobotic capabilities needed to support them.
Cathepsin D and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Immunohistochemistry does not Predict Recurrence of Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

AbstractPurpose: We determined if immunohistochemical expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor and cathepsin D in the primary tumor was of prognostic value in clinically localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for epidermal growth factor receptor and cathepsin D was performed on 105 radical prostatectomy specimens from 2 academic centers. The epidermal growth factor receptor and cathepsin D expressions were graded using H scoring by an experienced pathologist blinded to other patient data, and compared with age, grade, stage, race and initial serologic (prostate specific antigen) recurrence. Univariate and multivariate statistical testing was performed.Results: Immunohistochemically detectable epidermal growth factor receptor and cathepsin D expression was not correlated to age, race, stage or Gleason grade. In univariate and multivariate testing epidermal growth factor receptor and cathepsin D were not prognostic markers for dise...
Acute Liver Failure Including Acetaminophen Overdose

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a dramatic, highly unpredictable clinical syndrome defined by the sudden onset of coagulopathy and encephalopathy. Acetaminophen overdose, the leading cause of ALF in the United States, has a 66% chance of recovery with early N-acetylcysteine treatment and supportive care. Cerebral edema and infectious complications are difficult to detect and treat in these patients and may cause irreversible brain damage and multiorgan failure. One-year survival after emergency liver transplantation is 70%, but 20% of listed patients die, highlighting the importance of early referral of patients who have ALF with a poor prognosis to a transplant center.
Effects of Semantic Context and Feedback on Perceptual Learning of Speech Processed Through an Acoustic Simulation of a Cochlear Implant

The effect of feedback and materials on perceptual learning was examined in normal hearing listeners exposed to cochlear implant simulations. Generalization was most robust when feedback paired the spectrally degraded sentences with their written transcriptions, promoting mapping between the degraded signal and its acoustic-phonetic representation. Transfer appropriate processing theory suggests that such feedback was most successful because the original learning conditions were reinstated at testing: performance was facilitated when both training and testing contained degraded stimuli. In addition, the effect of semantic context on generalization was assessed by training listeners on meaningful or anomalous sentences. Training with anomalous sentences was as effective as with meaningful sentences, suggesting that listeners were encouraged to use acoustic-phonetic information to identify speech than to make predictions from semantic context.
Respecting the Language of Elders: Ideological Shift and Linguistic Discontinuity in a Northern Athapascan Community

This article examines an ideological shift related to and affecting language shift, focusing especially on children's experiences. I show that while elders retained their status as intellectual authorities responsible for passing their knowledge on to younger community members, their knowledge became limited to practices conceptualized as "traditionally Kaska," of which language was an integral part. As a result, the acquisition of Kaska became subject to the same social practices that organized other forms of "traditional indigenous" or specialized knowledge such that speaking Kaska became the domain of elders. Children's and youth's commentary and practices articulated and solidified this ideological transformation.
Development and Testing of Math Insight Software

Computers running appropriate software hold great promise for teaching and learning mathematics. To this end, SRI International developed an integrated, computer-based problem solving environment called Math Insight that included interactive tools, such as a spreadsheet and dynamic geometric sketches, and professionally produced videos used to situate a wide variety of mathematics challenges. The developers envisioned that Math Insight would develop students' mathematics skills and their proficiency with computer-based tools, based on solving novel problems incorporated in the software. Evaluation data from teachers and students were positive. However, a number of factors worked against commercialization, including passage of the No Child Left Behind Act, a decrease in school technology funds, and a large decline in education software sales. Freely available mathematics applets and open source software are becoming an important alternative source of software for mathematics education. However, whatever so...
Comparison of the growth of normal and neoplastic mouse mammary cells on plastic, on collagen gels and in collagen gels

The growth of normal and neoplastic mouse mammary cells was compared in primary cultures on plastic, on rat tail collagen gels and in rat tail collagen gels. Cells on plastic grew for the first few days, then stopped with only a 1- to 3-fold increase in cell number after 2 weeks in culture. Cells grown on or in collagen gels grew continuously over the 2-week culture period with up to 10-fold increase in cell number for cultures on collagen gels and a 20-fold increase for cells embedded in collagen gels. The difference in growth rates between cells grown in collagen gel and those grown on collagen gels was due, in part, to the three-dimensional growth of the colonies in collagen gel their two-dimensional growth on collagen gel. Cells grown on and in collagen gel can produce an electron-dense basal lamina-like structure which is associated with collagen IV and laminin as judged by immunofluorescence. Cells grown on plastic do not form this structure. Cis-OH-proline blocks the production of collagen and inhibits the growth of the cultured cells indicating collagen production to be involved in growth. Rat tail collagen gels are a superior substratum for the growth of mouse mammary cells and this may be related to the cells' ability to form a collagen IV-containing basal lamina-like structure.
Cultural Influences on Perceptions of Health, Illness, and Disability: A Review and Focus on Autism

This conceptual paper considers the role of culture in shaping family, professional, and community understanding of developmental disabilities and their treatments. The meanings of health, illness, and disability vary greatly across cultures and across time. We use Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model to provide a theoretical framework for examining disability, with special attention to autism spectrum disorders. Cultural beliefs about the cause of a disorder influence families’ decision-making about what treatments to use and what outcomes to expect. Autism provides an example that is especially challenging, as there is no agreed-upon cause. Also, an overwhelming array of treatments is available in the West for autism, including behavioral, cognitive, pharmaceutical, sensory, relational, vitamin, and diet therapies. Other cultures contribute additional views on cause (e.g., Karma, Allah’s will) and treatments (e.g., acupuncture, herbal medicines, Ayurveda). We suggest how a broad cultural view can help us understand treatments and the treatment delivery system of a nation and a culture. For the best course of care, professionals need to understand and respect families’ views of autism and work toward mutually agreeable treatments that may involve a combination of biomedical and cultural practices. Although a family-focused, open teamwork model that aims to acknowledge the context of the child, take into consideration the strengths and limitations of the child and the family, and introduce appropriate, sustainable, and sensitive interventions is regarded as best practice in the United States, it will take sensitive work to find out whether it will suit other cultural groups across the world.
First-Grade Teacher Behaviors and Children's Prosocial Actions in Classrooms.

Research Findings: This study examines whether specific teacher instructional practices in early education are associated with children's engagement in prosocial behavior. Teachers’ verbal encouragement of prosocial behavior and empathy, emotional warmth, positive behavior management, vocabulary instruction, and encouragement of expressive language were explored in relation to children's classroom prosocial behavior. We also examined whether increased prosociability was evident in the classrooms of teachers who both encouraged prosocial behavior and empathy and demonstrated emotional warmth. We observed 124 first-grade classrooms that included 2,098 children. Results indicated that teachers’ verbal encouragement of prosocial behavior and empathy was most strongly associated with classroom prosocial behavior. There was also a significant association between encouragement of expressive language and prosocial behavior. Emotional warmth, positive behavior management, vocabulary instruction, and the joint effe...
Green software development for multi-core architectures

Advances in computer architecture to provide higher parallelism (e.g. hyper threading and multi-core) usually incur in higher complexity in software development. Applications should be designed to use efficiently the additional resources in order to improve its performance. However, the popularity of mobile devices and recent studies in IT-related energy consumption have driven software developers to focus also on energy efficiency. Besides improving applications' performance, software developers should aim at minimizing the amount of energy consumed by the applications. Energy saving becomes an important non-functional requirement for new applications. This paper evaluates the behavior of applications on multi-core architectures and proposes energy-saving alternatives for software development.
High-Speed Rotor Losses in a Radial Eight-Pole Magnetic Bearing: Part 1—Experimental Measurement

The continual increase in the use of magnetic bearings in various capacities, including high-speed aerospace applications such as jet engine prototypes, dictates the need to quantify power losses in this type of bearing. The goal of this study is to present experimentally measured power losses during the high-speed operation of a pair of magnetic bearings. A large-scale test rotor has been designed and built to obtain unambiguous power loss measurements while varying a variety of test parameters. The test apparatus consists of a shaft supported in two radial magnetic bearings and driven by two electric motors also mounted on the shaft. The power losses of the spinning rotor are determined from the time rate of change of the kinetic energy of the rotor as its angular speed decays during free rotation. Measured results for the first set of magnetic bearings, a pair of eight-pole planar radial bearings, are presented here. Data from three different parameter studies including the effect of the bias flux density, the effect of the bearing pole configuration, and the effect of the motor stator on the power loss are presented. Rundown plots of the test with the bearings in the paired pole (NNSS) versus the alternating (NSNS) pole configuration show only small differences, with losses only slightly higher when the poles are in the alternating pole (NSNS) configuration. Loss data were also taken with the motor stators axially removed from the motor rotors for comparison with the case where the motor stators are kept in place. No measurable difference was observed between the two cases, indicating negligible windage and residual magnetic effects. Throughout most of the speed range, the dominant loss mechanism appears to be eddy currents.
Lignocellulolytic enzyme activity, substrate utilization, and mushroom yield by Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on substrate containing anaerobic digester solids

Solid waste from anaerobic digestion of litter from the commercial production of broiler chickens has limited use as fertilizer. Its disposal is a major problem for digester operators who are seeking alternative use for anaerobic digester solids, also referred to as solid waste (SW). The use of SW as substrates for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus strain MBFBL400 was investigated. Lignocellulolytic enzymes activity, substrate utilization, and mushroom yield were evaluated in ten different substrate combinations (SCs) containing varying amounts of solid waste, wheat straw, and millet. Nutritional content of mushrooms produced on the different substrates was also determined. Substrates containing 70-80% wheat straw, 10-20% SW, and 10-20% millet were found to produce the highest mushroom yield (874.8-958.3 g/kg). Loss of organic matter in all SCs tested varied from 45.8% to 56.2%, which had positive correlation with the biological efficiency. Laccase, peroxidase, and carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activities were higher before fruiting, whereas xylanase showed higher activities after mushroom fruiting. SW increased the nutritional content in mushrooms harvested, and the combination of wheat straw and SW with millet significantly improved mushroom yield. Our findings demonstrated the possibility of utilizing anaerobic digester solids in mushroom cultivation. The application of SW as such could improve the financial gains in the overall economy of anaerobic digester plants.
The normalization of social interaction: When shared assumptions cannot be assumed

This article presents data gathered during a participant-observation study of an educational program for adults identified as mentally retarded. The difficulties inherent in trying to make retarded people appear normal (normalization) and the implications of these for the study of social interaction are examined. “Normal” social interaction is shown to depend upon a huge body of tacit knowledge as well as an assumption by the participants that they share a common understanding of the situation at hand.
Quadrature schemes for a general family of functions

In this paper, we investigate quadrature schemes by first specifying the points at which functions in a given vector space are to be evaluated and then by producing a basis which will give a quadrature scheme at those points. An application of the results to spherical harmonics is given.
Dietary practices of high school teachers of nutrition

Abstract To examine the application of nutrition knowledge in a sample of nutrition educators, we investigated the dietary practices of 71 high school health and home economics teachers who were currently teaching nutrition. They kept four-day food records and filled out food-frequency questionnaires. Group means of female teachers met or exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for seven of the eight nutrients investigated; mean iron intake was 66% of the RDA. Group means of males met the RDAs for the nutrients investigated except thiamin, which had a mean of 89% of the RDA. Teachers' diets were more nutrient dense for calcium, vitamin A, and ascorbic acid than were the diets of adults surveyed in the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (HANES I) and the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS). Except for iron for females, inadequate intakes of individual teachers generally were related to low caloric intakes. Teachers incorporated many current dietary recommendations in their personal praices, such as eating several servings of fruits and vegetables daily, including several servings of dairy products daily, limiting cholesterol intake, and limiting sweets. However, the teachers' mean percentage of calories from fat exceeded the current recommendation. Generally, these teachers applied their nutrition knowledge to their personal dietary practices and thus serve as role models who “practice what they preach”.
The role of repulsive interactions in molecular bromine adsorption and patterning of Si(100)-2×1

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to investigate the role of repulsive interactions in the adsorption and patterning of molecular bromine on the Si(100) surface. At room temperature and low coverage, chemisorption of bromine occurs dissociatively on the same side of adjacent dimers of the same row. Using the STM tip as a probe, we demonstrate the existence of repulsive interactions at adjacent sites on the Si(100)-2×1 surface. These repulsive interactions also contribute to the arrangement of adatoms on the surface. In particular, we report the presence of a stable c(4×2) surface phase that results after exposing the Si(100) surface to bromine under certain conditions. This phase involves adsorption on non-neighboring dimers and is stabilized by repulsive interactions that force bromine adatoms to occupy alternating dimers within rows with an out-of-phase occupancy between adjacent rows.
Mocking the sacred: Frederick Douglass's “slaveholder's sermon” and the antebellum debate over religion and slavery

In his early addresses on religion and slavery, particularly his famous “Slaveholder's Sermon, “Frederick Douglass used parody to address one of the abolition movement's most serious challenges, the belief that the Bible sanctioned slavery. Douglass strategically juxtaposed explicit claims to his status as a fugitive slave with a persona he enacted by mocking proslavery preaching in such a way that he confronted audiences with what Kenneth Burke called “perspective by incongruity.” In this way, he forcefully undermined proslavery religion's claim to legitimacy.
Anomuran Microcoprolites from the Lowermost Navesink Formation (Maastrichtian), Monmouth County, New Jersey

Anomuran microcoprolites are preserved in the Late Cretaceous lowermost Navesink Formation in Monmouth County, New Jersey. These microcoprolites occur within lens-to cigar-shaped phosphatic clay masses that occasionally include fragments of anomuran appendages. Individual microcoprolites are pellet-or rod-shaped and morphologically similar in longitudinal and cross-section to fecal material excreted from the ventro-dorsal hindgut of modern anomurans. The association of these anomuran microcoprolites in situ with Ophiomorpha burrows and the decapod crustacean Protocallianassa provides a compelling association for the identity of their producer.