cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for correlating severely obscured images in nonoverlapping background illumination and zero-mean noise

In a previous report we developed optimization algorithms showing how optical correlation filters operating with obscured inputs were affected by disjoint constant background illumination. In this paper we extend these studies by upgrading our algorithms to include the theoretical treatment of zero-mean disjoint noise, as well as constant background illumination. Representative cases of computer simulations involving either noise clutter or background illumination are used to characterize the performance of our upgraded algorithms.
Selected Reference books of 2001-2002

his article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than sixty years ago and continued by Eugene Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general reference works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as DC86) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11 th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
Resistance to vaginal or systemic infection with herpes simplex virus type 2.

Mortality due to vaginal or intravenous infection of female BALB/c mice with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was significantly reduced by treatment of mice with the immunomodulator pyran. Following intravaginal inoculation with virus, the incidence of vaginal infection and titers of virus present in the vaginal secretions were significantly reduced in pyran treated as compared with control mice. Vaginal infection did not elicit neutralizing antibody activity in either untreated or pyran treated mice. Intravenous HSV-2 infection did elicit virus specific humoral and delayed type hypersensitivity responses. However, pyran treatment markedly reduced the incidence of these immune responses as compared with those in control intravenously infected mice. Moreover, mice surviving the initial vaginal or intravenous infection with HSV-2 were resistant to subsequent rechallenge by the same route. Pyran treatment did not enhance resistance to vaginal rechallenge, while pyran treated mice were not resistant to intravenous rechallenge. Thus, the antiviral protection mediated by pyran does not appear to involve enhancement of specific humoral or cellular immune responses. Nonspecific host mediated resistance may be involved in the protective effect of the immunomodulator, as suggested by the ability of pyran activated peritoneal cells to inhibit HSV-2 growthin vitro and to transfer resistance to recipient mice challenged with the virus.
A Novel Connexin43-interacting Protein, CIP75, Which Belongs to the UbL-UBA Protein Family, Regulates the Turnover of Connexin43

The degradation of connexin43 (Cx43) has been reported to involve both lysosomal and proteasomal degradation pathways; however, very little is known about the mechanisms regulating these Cx43 degradation pathways. Using yeast two-hybrid, glutathione S-transferase pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation approaches, we have identified a novel Cx43-interacting protein of ∼75 kDa, CIP75. Laser confocal microscopy showed that CIP75 is located primarily at the endoplasmic reticulum, as indicated by the calnexin marker, with Cx43 co-localization in this perinuclear region. CIP75 belongs to the UbL (ubiquitin-like)-UBA (ubiquitin-associated) domain-containing protein family with a N-terminal UbL domain and a C-terminal UBA domain. The UBA domain of CIP75 is the main element mediating the interaction with Cx43, whereas the CIP75-interacting region in Cx43 resides in the PY motif and multiphosphorylation sites located between Lys264 and Asn302. Interestingly, the UbL domain interacts with the S2/RPN1 and S5a/RPN10 protein subunits of the regulatory 19 S proteasome cap subunit of the 26 S proteasome complex. Overexpression experiments suggested that CIP75 is involved in the turnover of Cx43 as measured by a significant stimulation of Cx43 degradation and reduction in its half-life with the opposite effects on Cx43 degradation observed in small interference RNA knockdown experiments.
What rhinologists and allergists should know about the medico-legal implications of corticosteroid use: A review of the literature

Background: Corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment in the management of sinonasal inflammatory disease. Despite their common use, many practitioners are not well versed in their potential complications or the medico-legal ramifications of their use. The objectives of this review were to outline the existing data of the medico-legal implications of oral steroids. Methods: An OVID database search of the terms “corticosteroids OR adrenal cortex hormones” AND “medico-legal OR malpractice OR jurisprudence OR expert testimony OR informed consent” was performed. This search was then narrowed to English language articles and the titles and abstracts were searched for relevance. Results: The OVID search identified 178 articles. This search was then narrowed, resulting in 9 articles that were relevant and included in the current review. Five articles involved database reviews of litigation associated with medications. Steroids were found to be a common medication associated with litigation and the cost of the litigation involving steroid use can be very high. Common themes associated with the litigation include poor communication and lack of informed consent regarding steroid use. Several additional articles addressed single cases and many addressed lawsuit prevention. Conclusion: Lawsuits associated with steroids are disproportionately costly and most of the allegations stem from a lack of informed consent over the use of steroids. Open dialogue with patients is the key to informed consent. Ideally, clinicians should discuss the rationale for steroid use, and the risks, expected benefits, and alternatives of the steroid therapy. Document this discussion and consider providing educational material for the patient to read and review. © 2012 ARS-AAOA, LLC.
Structure Evolution of a Polymer Solution at High Shear Rates

We utilized large angle light scattering to study the structure of a sheared semidilute polymer solution. Below a critical shear rate γc we observe an enhancement of concentration fluctuations in ...
Potential impacts of elevated aerosol layers on high energy laser aerial defense engagements

This study quantifies the impacts on high energy laser (HEL) air defense performance due to atmospheric effects in the marine boundary layer driven by varying elevated aerosol layers. The simulations are run using several different engagement geometries to more completely show the effects of aerosols. High adaptive optics are applied to reduce the turbulence effects. The atmospheric effects are defined using the worldwide probabilistic climatic database available in the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model. The anticipated effects on HEL propagation performance is assessed at 1.0642 μm across the world's oceans, mapped on a 1° × 1° grid, and at 573 land sites. The scenarios evaluated are primarily near-surface and horizontal over ranges up to 10000 meters. Seasonal and boundary layer variations (summer and winter) for a range of relative humidity percentile conditions are considered. In addition to realistic vertical profiles of molecular and aerosol absorption and scattering, correlated optical turbulence profiles in probabilistic (percentile) format are used. Results indicate profound effects of elevated aerosol layers on HEL engagements as compared to standard scenarios without elevated layers. Also, results suggest changing optical properties to have additional significant effects. HELEEOS includes a fast-calculating, first principles, worldwide surface to 100 km, atmospheric propagation and characterization package. This package enables the creation of profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, atmospheric particulates and hydrometeors as they relate to line-by-line layer transmission, path and background radiance at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to radio frequencies. Physics-based cloud and precipitation characterizations are coupled with a probability of cloud free line of sight (CFLOS) algorithm for air-to-air, air-tosurface, and surface-to-air (or space) look angles. HELEEOS characterizes aerosol environments using the Advanced Navy Aerosol Model (ANAM) or various representations of maritime particulates from the Global Aerosol Dataset (GADS). In the lowest 50 m, HELEEOS defines optical turbulence with the Navy Surface Layer Optical Turbulence (NSLOT) model. HELEEOS was developed under the sponsorship of the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office.
Optical elements for a CMBPol mission

We present an overview of selected optical technologies that are candidates for use in the CMBPOL satellite mission, indicate how the technologies are being tested, and estimate their Technology Readiness Level (TRL).
Bringing Minority Men Back in Comment on Andersen

In 2007, controversial shock jock Don Imus generated a media firestorm with his on-air reference to the Black players on the Rutgers University women's basketball team as "nappy-headed hoes." When his remarks ignited controversy, he attempted to defend himself by stating that while he regretted his words, Black men, particularly Black rappers, call Black women worse and are never censored. This was not the first time Imus, a white man, made such remarks on the air.1 However, in this case his com ments prompted unprecedented media attention, sparked debates on national news outlets and talk shows, encouraged discussions about the presentation of women in hip-hop culture, and ultimately ended with Imus's dismissal from his radio show. This incident and its aftermath pro vide an excellent example of why the intersectional perspective Margaret Andersen champions in her important article, "Thinking about Women: A Quarter Century's View," is so necessary for contemporary feminist schol arship that aims to understand race, gender, and class issues. Reflecting on the initial development of women's studies and the changes during its 25-year history, Andersen argues that research on gen der must employ an intersectional perspective, treating gender as a cate gory that intersects with and is shaped by race and class. These categories should not be hierarchically ranked but rather constituted as interlocking and mutually reinforcing. Andersen contends that the experiences of minority women provide a key example of why an intersectional perspec tive is so necessary, given that for women of color race constructs the way gender is experienced even as gender shapes the way they experience racial inequality. Imus's characterization of the Rutgers women's team as "nappy-headed hoes" illustrates this point powerfully. Race, gender, and sexuality overlap conspicuously in Imus's choice of words. Yet in the wake of his statements, while several prominent African Americans (Reverend AI Sharpton, cultural critic Stanley Crouch, media mogul Oprah Winfrey) publicly denounced Imus as a racist, many noted feminist voices
Measures for organizations engaged in a knowledge economy

Purpose – The financial reporting practices of modern day organizations operating in a knowledge‐based economy will eventually change as intangible assets increasingly become such organizations' most valuable assets. Financial reports need to be supported by intangible performance metrics, in order to ensure that the reports are rigorously interpreted and applied, and if any issues or problematic practices exist, they may be identified and resolved in a timely fashion. This paper aims to focus on this issue.Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides support for the use of knowledge value‐added (KVA) metrics to assist firms in better understanding, evaluating, and reporting intangible assets, and to provide them with more transparency in their operations. Currently, the general consensus seems to be that before any real progress can be made in converging intangible performance metrics with traditional financial reports, modern day organizations need to more actively depict their intangible assets.Fi...
Enhancement and summation in the perception of two successive vibrotactile stimuli

Enhancement and summation were found to be fundamentally different perceptual processes affecting the sensation magnitude of two successive vibrotactile stimuli. Enhancement, defined operationally as an increment in the subjective magnitude of one stimulus due to the presentation of a prior stimulus, and summation, defined as an increment in overall subjective magnitude of the two stimuli, were measured for sinusoidal vibration of the thenar eminence of the hand. The effect of summation was maximum when the two stimuli greatly differed in frequency, whereas maximum enhancement effects were found when both stimuli were close in frequency. The summation effect showed little decay as the interstimulus interval was increased to as much as 500 msec, whereas enhancement effects decayed to zero at approximately 500 msec. Results were similar to those obtained in comparable studies of audition and support the hypothesis that there are at least two distinct information-processing channels for the perception of cutaneous vibration.
Consumption of human complement components by complexes of IgG with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract Complexes between IgG or the Fc fragment of IgG and protein A from S. aureus activate the serum complement system in a manner which is entirely analogous to complement activation by antigen-antibody complexes. Thus C1,C4,C2,C3,C5,C6,C8 and C9 were found to be depleted on addition of protein A to serum. The alternate complement pathway was also activated on addition of protein A to serum. Consumption of the components and the C3 proactivator varied with the dose of protein A and the same dose response curve was obtained for activation of both pathways in serum. Maximal activation occurred with the same dose of protein A. Protein A was found to be able to inhibit binding of C 1 by IgG1 or the Fc fragment of IgG1, indicating that the complement activating site and protein A binding site are sterically close. Finally, it has been found that erythrocytes passively coated with protein A lyse in fresh normal human or guinea pig serum.
Dynamics of Nocturnal, Daytime, and Sum-of-Hourly Evapotranspiration and Other Surface Energy Fluxes over Nonstressed Maize Canopy

The magnitude and driving forces of nocturnal evaporative losses, ETcnight, and the interactions of other surface energy fluxes and microclimatic variables under various climatic, soil, and management conditions are not well understood. Such relationships are important for ecophysiological studies. This research attempts to investigate such relationships. Furthermore, ETcnight can be a sizable portion of the daily total evaporative losses. Most empirical equations, especially ones that use solar or net radiation to estimate daily evapotranspiration (ET), either ignore or poorly treat the contribution of ETcnight to the daily total ET. Neglecting ETcnight can lead to errors in determining the daily or the sum-of-hourly ETc (i.e., ETcSOH) and can also cause cumulative errors when making long-term water balance analyses. In this paper, the magnitudes, trends, and contribution to the nocturnal surface energy balance of various microclimatic variables (air temperature, Ta; vapor pressure deficit, VPD; relative...
Isotopic Masses of Hydrogen, Chlorine, Barium, Cerium, and Neodymium

The 16-in. double-focusing mass spectrometer at the University of Minnesota has been employed to measure the atomic mass of ${\mathrm{H}}^{1}$ and the atomic masses and isotopic mass differences of chlorine, barium, cerium, and neodymium. Recent improvements in instrumentation have increased the precision of both narrow and wide doublet measurements. The doublet ${\mathrm{C}}_{11}$${\mathrm{H}}_{22}$-${\mathrm{C}}_{12}$${\mathrm{H}}_{10}$ was used to relate the ${\mathrm{H}}^{1}$ mass directly to the ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ mass standard with a precision of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30 eV. The chlorine masses obtained in this investigation have a precision greater than previous measurements and provide further information about disagreements which were present in previous work. Additional atomic masses are calculated from the stable-mass data of barium, cerium, and neodymium, together with alpha-decay, beta-decay, and nuclear-reaction energies. The resultant table of masses is used to calculate nuclear systematic energies in the region near $N=82$. The systematics of the separation energies display very smooth characteristics except at the shell closure of $N=82$ and are so regular as to be a powerful aid in the evaluation of some possible errors in reaction and decay data used in the calculation of these nuclear systematics.
Transforming Data into Action: The Sonoma County Human Services Department

In order to centralize data-based initiatives, the Director of the Department worked with the Board of Supervisors and the executive team to develop a new Planning, Research, and Evaluation (PRE) division. PRE is establishing rules for data-based decision making and consolidating data collection to ensure quality and consistency. It aims to target resources toward visionary, pro-active program planning and implementation, and inform the public about the role of Human Services in creating a healthy, safe and productive environment. PRE staff spent several months studying the job functions of staff, to determine how they use information to inform practice, consulting other counties about their experiences. The PRE team developed Datascript, outlining two agency aims: (a) foster a decision-making environment that values and successfully uses empirical evidence for strategic change, and (b) manage the role and image of the Human Services Department in the external environment. The case study describes action ...
Continuous synthesis of ceria nanoparticles using a micromixer

This paper focuses on continuous synthesis of ceria nanoparticles with the aid of a 500 µm diameter microchannel mixer. Sodium acetate used in the reaction performs two functions where it acts as a surfactant as well as an agent to functionalize the surface of the ceria nanoparticles. Well-dispersed, nearly-rounded particles were synthesized under varying flow rates. It was observed that flow rate affected the diffusional transfer of the reactants and influenced the ceria nanoparticle shape. Lower flow rates tended to yield nanospheres while higher flow rates tended to yield mixture of spherical nanoparticles and nanorods. The results were conferred by transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and wave dispersive spectroscopy. Ceria, microchannel, surfactant, spectroscopy
Comets and Their Composition

Recent theoretical and observational studies of comets are reviewed, with an emphasis on in situ data from spacecraft encounters with P/Giacobini-Zinner (September 1985) and P/Halley (March 1986). Topics addressed include clues on the origin and permanence of the Oort cometary cloud, observations of cometary nuclei far from the sun, the Halley nucleus, compositional and physical data from comae studies, and the parent molecules in comet ices. Also discussed are quantitative analyses of coma production; special features in the tail of P/Giacobini-Zinner; and proposals for (1) observations to detect distant giant comets, (2) high-resolution spectroscopic studies of comae, and (3) additional spacecraft missions such as the NASA Comet Rendezvous and Asteroid Flyby.
Pattern dynamics in large aspect ratio lasers

Recent experiments have established that exotic transverse patterns such as defects, squares etc, can emerge across the aperture of a large Fresnel number laser. A key theoretical observation, for example, is that the Maxwell-Bloch equations describing wide aperture homogeneously, inhomogeneously broadened lasers or, the many-body Maxwell-Bloch equations describing a broad area semiconductor laser, are isomorphic to a certain class of universal order parameter equations describing patterns in general. >
Incorporating a PMF-Based Injury Model into a Multi-Agent Representation of Crowd Behavior

Throughout the years, much research has been conducted on human behavior models that focus on individual intelligent human agents. Fewer multi-agent based models have addressed group or crowd behavior from a psychological and sociological perspective. We have been focused on incorporating crowd behavior models into control force (police and military) simulations and have developed a real-time crowd simulation capable of generating multiple intelligent agent civilians that exhibit a variety of realistic individual and group behaviors at differing levels of fidelity. One important aspect of modeling realistic crowd behaviors is determining the physiological effects of weapons, both non-lethal and lethal alike, on humans. To this end, we present our categories of non-lethal weapons and their physiological effects that need to be represented. Additionally, this paper describes an injury model developed by the University of Pennsylvania and its integration into our Crowd Federate.
Spirituality, religion, and career development: implications for the workplace

This article discusses the various ways religion and spirituality may relate to one’s career development and how religion and spirituality may be incorporated into the workplace, and presents several research and practice directions within this area of inquiry. We propose that religion and spirituality may relate to what individuals value from their work, feelings of support throughout the career development process, and the potential to view one’s career as a calling. Employers are advised to respect the religious and spiritual beliefs of employees and to consider encouraging and facilitating opportunities for bridging work and faith. Finally, researchers are urged to continue studying the popular construct of calling as well as the various other ways religion and spirituality may interact with career development.
HERQULES: system level cross-layer design exploration for efficient energy-quality trade-offs

In this paper, we present a unique cross-layer design framework that allows systematic exploration of the energy-delay-quality trade-offs at the algorithm, architecture and circuit level of design abstraction for each block of a system. In addition, taking into consideration the interactions between different sub-blocks of a system, it identifies the design solutions that can ensure the least energy at the "right amount of quality" for each sub-block/system under user quality/delay constraints. This is achieved by deriving sensitivity based design criteria, the balancing of which form the quantitative relations that can be used early in the system design process to evaluate the energy efficiency of various design options. The proposed framework when applied to the exploration of energy-quality design space of the main blocks of a digital camera and a wireless receiver, achieves 58% and 33% energy savings under 41% and 20% error increase, respectively.
Prevention of Crystalluria During Sulfadiazine Therapy. Experimental and Clinical Studies

Conclusions1. The solubilities of sulfa-diazine and particularly of acetyl sulfadiazine, in buffers and in normal urine, increase markedly with increasing pH within the physi-ological pH range of urine. 2. Examination of urine specimens from patients receiving sulfadiazine has demonstrated that crystal-luria due to sulfadiazine can be prevented by maintaining the urine neutral or alkaline and the volume within limits generally considered optimum for patients with infection. 3. This study affords evidence that renal reactions due to the precipitation of sulfadiazine compounds can be prevented by appropriate alkali and fluid therapy. Our clinical findings to date accord with this assumption.
Clean It and They Will Come? Defining Successful Brownfield Development

The redevelopment of former industrial sites can have positive impacts on the environment, economic development, and quality of life in a given community. The federal brownfields initiative of the 1990s was intended to encourage environmental remediation of properties that are typically less contaminated than Superfund sites. Additionally, states have adopted programs that limit environmental liability and allow for risk-based cleanup standards, both of which should encourage a would-be investor or developer. Based on the statistical analysis of data collected from two nationwide surveys, this research shows that factors other than environmental concerns can impact the successful redevelopment of a brownfield. Analyses of the data using descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis, factor analysis, and hypothesis testing indicate that the following are also influential factors: time to occupancy, total development costs, community support, proposed land use, condition of the local infrastructure, willingness of lending institutions to participate in the financing, support of local politicians, availability of financial incentives, and number of jobs to be created. These results support the idea that successful brownfield development cannot be accomplished by simply addressing the environmental issues.
Ineffective erythropoiesis and thalassemias

Purpose of review In thalassemia, ineffective erythropoiesis is characterized by apoptosis of the maturing nucleated erythroid cells. New studies also suggest that limited erythroid cell differentiation plays a role in the development of ineffective erythropoiesis. This would further exacerbate anemia and increase iron absorption.
Acoustic Startle in Alcohol-Naïve Male Rats Predicts Subsequent Voluntary Alcohol Intake and Alcohol Preference

Aims: Acoustic startle response in rats is used to model sensorimotor reactivity. The aim of the study was to determine whether acoustic startle response in alcohol-naive rats predicts subsequent increased voluntary alcohol drinking or alcohol preference. Methods: Startle responses to 90, 95 and 100 decibel (dB) white noise stimuli presented in counterbalanced semi-randomized order were tested in alcohol-naive young adult male Wistar rats before voluntary alcohol intake was established with an intermittent alcohol access (IAA) model. Results: Startle amplitude in response to 95 or 100 dB stimuli was positively correlated with subsequent alcohol intake and alcohol preference following 3 months of IAA. Rats with high (median split) pre-IAA startle amplitude in response to 95 or 100 dB stimuli developed increased alcohol intake as well as increased alcohol preference following 3 months of IAA, relative to rats with low pre-IAA startle amplitude. Conclusion: Startle response to moderate acoustic stimuli can be a predictive index of vulnerability to developing increased alcohol drinking.
o-(Pentafluorobenzyloxycarbonyl)benzoyl chloride: a novel electrophoric derivatisation reagent for amino compounds designed for negative ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry

The synthesis of a novel electrophoric derivatisation reagent, o-(pentafluorobenzyloxycarbonyl)benzoyl chloride, is described. The reagent was tested against selected primary and secondary amino compounds as analytical targets. The derivatives exhibit excellent mass spectral properties under negative ion chemical ionisation (NICI), i.e. reduced fragmentation and thus high ion current for the targeted m/z during analysis. Since the reagent bears a pentafluorobenzyl ester group, resulting mass NICI mass spectra were expectedly dominated by dissociative resonance electron capture typically observed with these compounds. The reagent is suitable for detecting volatile primary and secondary amines with high sensitivity. Background is reduced by a shift in detected m/z and retention time, as demonstrated for the analysis of the drug methylphenidate from human plasma.
Galdós and the Irony of Language

Benito Perez Galdos was the foremost Spanish novelist of the nineteenth century. His novels are frequently compared with those of Dickens and Balzac, and considered examples of nineteenth-century realism. In a speech before the Spanish Academy of Language, Galdos himself declared that the novel is 'an image of life'; scholars have often considered that image to be an uncritical reflection, or even a biased misrepresentation of the Spanish society of the time. This book shows, by detailed analysis of Galdos narrative techniques, how his novels display a much more skeptical and ironical attitude toward the ability of language to represent reality, than has previously been recognized. Rather than attempting to judge the accuracy of Galdos' image of life the author analyzes the linguistic means by which the novels recreate life in their own image. With close and discriminating attention to detail the author illustrates Galdos' narrative irony with examples from the serie contemporenea, the most highly acclaimed period of his writing. She analyzes the ironic possibilities under three main headings: depiction of characters, description of places, and the narrative voice. A final chapter describes the fusion of these devices in the novella Torquemada en la hoguera. This clearly argued study, structuralist in approach and sensitive to nuances of style and language, will appeal to students of modern critical theory and comparative literature as well as to Hispanists.
Sub-10-nm-resolution electron-beam lithography toward very-high-density multilevel 3D nano-magnetic information devices

We report a study on the optimization of ultra-high-resolution electron-beam lithography for nanoscale patterning with two separate lift-off processes using positive and negative resists; the optimized method is suitable for the emerging area of nano-magnetoelectronics. If used together, these high-aspect-ratio processes can achieve information cells with a diameter of 9 nm, a square pitch of 26 nm, and an etch depth of at least 50 nm, as required for recording densities greater than 3 Tbit/in2, provided that 3D integration includes between 2 and 8 independent magnetic bits. Such effective patterning can be used to further develop magnetic bits packed for ultra-high-density disk recording and the emerging field of magnetic tunneling junctions for logic and memory applications.
Ichnology of siliceous facies in the Eocene Tallahatta Formation (eastern United States Gulf Coastal Plain): Implications for depositional conditions, storm processes, and diagenesis

The Eocene Tallahatta Formation exposed in the eastern United States Gulf coastal plain includes enigmatic siliceous facies characterized by variably indurated claystone, porcelanite, and subordinate thin sandstone and siltstone beds. Ichnosedimentologic studies at localities in eastern Mississippi and Alabama indicate that these strata accumulated in middle-shelf settings (offshore transition). Sandstone and siltstone beds record storm events of variable magnitude. Moderately diverse Cruziana ichnofacies assemblages that reflect overall hospitable fair-weather conditions characterize most mudrock intervals; however, periodically oxygen-deficient or otherwise unfavorable conditions are indicated locally by unbioturbated mudrock. Storm beds associated with bioturbated mud typically contain mixed Cruziana-Skolithos ichnofacies assemblages reflecting the work of both opportunistic(?) and fair-weather tracemakers. In contrast, ichnofabrics of storm beds that were not disrupted by fair-weather bioturbation likely record short-term colonization of substrates by organisms that were transported, sorted, and redeposited by storm currents. Ichnofabrics and diagenesis of the siliceous facies are linked. Ichnofossils locally influenced silica cementation in some storm beds, whereas preferential conversion to porcelanite of siliceous clay intervals immediately below and above many storm beds dramatically enhanced the visibility of fair-weather ichnofabrics.
Childhood Sleep Duration and Lifelong Mortality Risk

Objective Sleep duration is known to significantly affect health in adults and children, but little is understood about long-term associations. This prospective cohort study is the first to examine whether childhood sleep duration is associated with lifelong mortality risk.
Hemodynamic and Gas Exchange Alterations during Intralipid Infusion in Patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Hemodynamic and pulmonary gas exchange consequences of 20 percent intravenous fat emulsion infusion (3.0 ± .3 mg/kg/min) were evaluated in 19 patients who demonstrated ARDS. Lipid infusion precipitated a significant reduction in PaO 2 /FIO 2 from 241 ± 50 to 184 ± 41 (mean ± SD) and increased MPAP from 26.0 ± 5.1 to 31.8 ± 4.8 mm Hg, pulmonary vascular resistance from 149 ± 78 to 179 ± 61 dyne•s/cm 5 and pulmonary venous admixture ( Q ˙ va/ Q ˙ t ) from 20.7 ± 15.2 to 30.6 ± 8.6 percent. Further analysis revealed that the magnitude of increased Q ˙ va/ Q ˙ t was greater in patients who manifested septicemia (N = 10) compared to those who did not (N = 9): 12.3 vs 7.3 percent, respectively. We conclude that intravenous lipid administration was associated with increased MPAP and Q ˙ va/ Q ˙ t in patients with ARDS, particularly when accompanied by septicemia. Although these alterations resolved after the lipid infusion was terminated, we suggest that prudent measures should be taken to guarantee adequate oxygenation during intravenous fat emulsion therapy in patients suffering from ARDS.
Improving parallelism and locality with asynchronous algorithms

As multicore chips become the main building blocks for high performance computers, many numerical applications face a performance impediment due to the limited hardware capacity to move data between the CPU and the off-chip memory. This is especially true for large computing problems solved by iterative algorithms because of the large data set typically used. Loop tiling, also known as loop blocking, was shown previously to be an effective way to enhance data locality, and hence to reduce the memory bandwidth pressure, for a class of iterative algorithms executed on a single processor. Unfortunately, the tiled programs suffer from reduced parallelism because only the loop iterations within a single tile can be easily parallelized. In this work, we propose to use the asynchronous model to enable effective loop tiling such that both parallelism and locality can be attained simultaneously. Asynchronous algorithms were previously proposed to reduce the communication cost and synchronization overhead between processors. Our new discovery is that carefully controlled asynchrony and loop tiling can significantly improve the performance of parallel iterative algorithms on multicore processors due to simultaneously attained data locality and loop-level parallelism. We present supporting evidence from experiments with three well-known numerical kernels.
Wood-inhabiting, polyporoid fungi in aspen-dominated forests managed for biomass in the U.S. Lake States

To better understand the potential long-term effects of biomass harvesting on biodiversity, the polyporoid fungi community was characterized from 120 plots in four aspendominated forests in Minnesota. Four deadwood variables (substratum species, substratum type, decay class and diameter class) were recorded for each polyporoid species occurrence. A total of 2358 polyporoid occurrences, representing 86 species, were recorded on 16 tree species. Eight species (Trichaptum biforme, Bjerkandera adusta, Trametes hirsuta, Phellinus tremulae, Fomes fomentarius, Irpex lacteus, Fomitopsis ochracea and Antrodia serialis) made up 67 % of occurrences. Four polyporoid species (Funalia trogii, Pycnoporellus fulgens, Rigidoporus crocatus and Skeletocutis chrysella) are potentially rare and/or threatened in the Lake States. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and rarefaction curves demonstrated that small diameter substrata (especially those <5 cm) most strongly influenced polyporoid species occurrences. Aspen-dominated systems show great potential for biomass production, but these forests also support a species-rich community of polyporoid fungi, including potentially rare species.
ACCELERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF STARTING VEHICLES

Acceleration characteristics of starting vehicles are needed for many transportation analysis and design purposes involving driveways, turning bays, intersecting streets, traffic signals, railroad crossings, simulation software, and so forth. Constant acceleration is sometimes assumed, or AASHTO Green Book values based on piecewise-constant accelerations are sometimes adopted. However, continuing research has shown that linearly decreasing acceleration rates better represent both maximum vehicle acceleration capabilities and actual motorist behavior. It is not acceleration that usually is constant during speed changes; it is the rate of change in acceleration. The evolution of AASHTO acceleration values for design is traced, and the literature is reviewed for pertinent field observations. Linearly decreasing acceleration (and some deceleration) model parameters are calibrated for various sets of observational and design data. Despite published results from thousands of field measurements, the values selec...
Emotional development, shame, and adaptation to child maltreatment.

The adverse effects of maltreatment on children’s development are well documented, as is substantial variation in individual outcomes among children who are maltreated (e.g., Ackerman, Newton, McPherson, Jones, & Dykman, 1998; Kendall-Tackett, Williams, & Finkelhor, 1993; Widom, 1999). To better understand which children are most at risk, researchers and clinicians have become increasingly interested in moderators and mediators that explain when and how children who are maltreated develop adjustment problems. Emotional processes have emerged as central for elucidating how the experiences of child maltreatment affect the development of psychological distress and behavioral problems. Considerable evidence supports the negative effect of maltreatment on children’s emotional processes and development, including problems with emotion expression, communication, and regulation (Alessandri & Lewis, 1996; Beeghly & Cicchetti, 1994; Maughan & Cicchetti, 2002; Pollak, Cicchetti, Hornung, & Reed, 2000; Shipman, Zeman, Penza, & Champion, 2000). Shame has recently received increased attention by researchers and clinicians as a means for understanding how children who are maltreated become at risk for poor adjustment. The goal of this issue is to look more closely at the emotion of shame and its role in adaptation to experiences of child maltreatment. The five articles in this special section present theory and findings from scholars in the areas of emotion and maltreatment. They provide innovative information on conceptualizing, measuring, and treating shame across multiple forms of maltreatment. Emotion is the process of marking the significance of events in terms of how individuals assign meaning to them (Campos, Frankel, & Camaras, 2004). The nature of the emotion is a function of the event’s construed significance, with greater significance related to greater magnitude of emotional response. According to this view, the assignment of significance to experiences of maltreatment determines the nature of emotions (Campos et al., 2004; Scherer, Schorr, & Johnstone, 2001). Such an approach to defining emotions fits well with the generally held view of maltreatment researchers and clinicians that the evaluation of events rather than the events themselves are key to an individual’s adjustment following trauma (e.g., Cohen & Mannarino, 2002; Ferguson, 2005 [this issue]; Spaccarelli, 1994).
Structural dataset for the fast-exchanging KRAS G13D.

Cancers bearing the KRAS G13D mutation are notable for their distinct clinical behavior relative to other oncogenic KRAS mutations. We hypothesized that primary biochemical or biophysical properties of KRAS G13D might contribute to these clinical observations and as part of our study undertook structural studies using x-ray crystallography. In this data article we discuss several x-ray diffraction datasets that yielded structures of oncogenic KRAS mutants including a high resolution (1.13 A) structure of KRAS G13D. The datasets are typical for high resolution x-ray diffraction data and allow the construction of atomic resolution, three dimensional structural models with high confidence. This data can be correlated with biochemical information such as defects in substrate binding kinetics, GTPase activities and interactions with the RAS effector RAF kinase.
Mixed Traffic Control Involving Manually-Controlled and Automatically-Controlled Vehicles in IVHS

Traffic congestion is a global problem. Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) have been proposed to help solve this problem (see [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]). The works of [1, 2, 3] propose a fully automated traffic system in which vehicles are automated and organized in platoons through interactive vehicle-to-vehicle communication. This approach can yield superior control quality and has the best potential for throughput improvement but is difficult to implement due to high costs and heavy infrastructure requirements. The reports in [4, 5, 6, 7] suggest an autonomous intelligent cruise control for the IVHS, i.e., to keep a desired velocity when there is no vehicle in front, and to keep a desired spacing (possibly velocity dependent) when there is a vehicle in front. This approach allows a mixture of automated and non-automated vehicles and requires little vehicle-to-vehicle communication. However, it is not a completely self-contained intelligent controller that can handle all possible scenarios such as sudden lane changes, following a vehicle with rapid acceleration or deceleration, emergency braking, switching between human drivers and automatic controllers, etc. In [8, 9], artificial intelligence is used to design fully autonomous vehicle control system which can operate in mixed traffic. The research in this area is mostly concerned with handling complex traffic scenarios and do not attempt to optimize control performance for tight vehicle spacing and passenger comfort. In addition, the previous results do not provide the performance analysis of mixed traffic control, though they claim their control can be used in an environment of automatically controlled and manually controlled vehicles. It is therefore necessary to design a complete intelligent control system that 1) handles all possible scenarios in mixed traffic, 2) optimizes control performance so that tight vehicle spacing can be achieved with minimum passenger discomfort, 3) evaluates the performance of mixed traffic.
Sexualized, objectified, but not satisfied: Enjoying sexualization relates to lower relationship satisfaction through perceived partner-objectification

Although the objectification of women is pervasive, it has not been studied extensively in the context of romantic relationships. This is a curious oversight, given that physical appearance is considered a prominent factor in romantic attraction and conceptualizations of objectification tend to involve an exaggerated emphasis on physical appearance. Thus, objectification theory may have interesting implications for romantic relationships. Women who enjoy sexualization may be more likely to have a partner who objectifies them, which could have negative implications for the relationship, as objectification research has generally found that the experience of objectification has negative consequences for women. Across three studies of heterosexual women in relationships (N = 114, N = 196, and N = 208), results showed that those who enjoyed sexualization tended to feel more objectified by their partner, which in turn related to lowered relationship satisfaction. These findings persisted even when controlling f...
Romans 12 Motivational Gifts in the Military: An Exploration of Person-Job Fit, Job Performance, and Job Satisfaction

The study researches the Romans 12 motivational gifts and their relationship to person-job fit, job satisfaction, and job performance in the U.S. Air Force. Results of the study identified two clusters among U.S. Air Force personnel and found a positive relationship with person-job fit and job satisfaction — and no relationship with job performance. Several practical applications can be gleaned from the current research, especially in the area of motivation and training.
Robotic Surgery in Otolaryngology

Robotic Surgery in Otolaryngology In the last decade, robotic surgery has become more common in just about every surgical subspecialty including otolaryngology/head and neck surgery. By collaborating with colleagues from other disciplines, our field has advanced into the forefront of technology and medical science. The application of the robot as simply another surgical instrument has now evolved into a thriving field of its own.
Effective Tuning of Cascaded Control Loops for Nonlinear HVAC Systems

Residential and commercial buildings are large consumers of energy in the United States with Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems representing a significant portion of total use. These systems control aspects such as humidity and room air temperature to ensure building occupant comfort. Control of HVAC units presents unique challenges due to large nonlinearities heavily dependent on operating conditions. Static linear controllers are unable to counteract such nonlinearities resulting in sustained oscillations known as hunting behavior. Previous research has shown the ability of cascaded architectures to compensate for HVAC nonlinearities and improve overall system performance without the need for detailed dynamic models. To aid the implementation of cascaded loops on real building systems, analysis of the effects of inner loop gain are presented and three outer loop tuning cases are identified. A simulation case study of an air handling unit demonstrates the simplicity of the procedure and compares it with optimally tuned gains.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Estimating Response Rates for Different Market Segments from Questionnaire Data

Often the response rate for a given market segment is a function of the relevance of the topic to that segment. Consequently, in situations where the topic interest differs among segments, it is no...
A Useful Diagram for Examples in Modern Analytic Geometry

(1905). A Useful Diagram for Examples in Modern Analytic Geometry. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 12, No. 11, pp. 193-195.
OSCAS: maxima

At the kind invitation of ACM SIGSAM Chair Emil Volcheck, this will start a series of regular columns on open source computer algebra systems. I will consider this series a success if it encourages one of you to contribute in even a small way (submit a bug report or just an encouraging email to the developers!) to one of the systems listed below.
Androgenic Sensitivity of the Gubernaculum Testis: Evidence for Hormonal/Mechanical Interactions in Testicular Descent

In an effort to determine whether the gubernaculum is the androgen responsive target tissue that facilitates testicular descent, the rabbit gubernaculum has been studied. During descent of the testis, the gubernaculum undergoes important morphologic alterations. These include an increase in size secondary to true growth, as measured by total DNA and RNA, and invagination resulting in testicular descent. These changes appear to be androgen sensitive because the changes are prevented reductase activity in the gubernaculum at this critical stage lends further support to the role of androgen dependence in testicular descent. In addition, evidence is presented showing that intraabdominal pressure plays an important role in testicular descent. These data suggest that the gubernaculum may be the major target organ for androgen action, thus providing insight into the mechanism by which hormonal factors interact with physical forces to effect descent of the testes.