cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biometric Authentication and Identification using Keystroke Dynamics: A Survey

Dependence on computers to store and process sensitive information has made it necessary to secure them from intruders. A behavioral biometric such as keystroke dynamics which makes use of the typing cadence of an individual can be used to strengthen existing security techniques effectively and cheaply. Due to the ballistic (semi-autonomous) nature of the typing behavior it is difficult to impersonate, making it useful as abiometric. Therefore in this paper, we provide a basic background of the psychological basis behind the use of keystroke dynamics. We also discuss the data acquisition methods, approaches and the performance of the methods used by researchers on standard computer keyboards. In this survey, we find that the use and acceptance of this biometric could be increased by development of standardized databases, assignment of nomenclature for features, development of common data interchange formats, establishment of protocols for evaluating methods, and resolution of privacy issues.
Progress in modeling the impact of land cover change on the global climate

The prediction of the impact of anthropogenic land use change on the climate system hinges on the ability to properly model the interaction between the heterogeneous land surface and the atmosphere in global climate models. This paper contains a review of techniques in general use for modeling this interaction in general circulation models (GCMs) that have been used to assess the impact of land use change on climate. The review includes a summary of GCM simulations of land cover change using these techniques, along with a description of the simulated physical mechanisms by which land cover change affects the climate. The vertical extent to which surface heterogeneities retain their individual character is an important consideration for the land-atmosphere coupling, and the description of a recently developed technique that improves this aspect of the coupling is presented. The differences in the simulated climate between this new technique and a technique in general use include the presence of a boundary ...
Age-Within-School-Class and Adolescent Gun-carrying

BACKGROUND: Intentional injuries (suicide and homicide) are a leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Firearms cause approximately 70% of these fatal intentional injuries. Risk factors associated with gun-carrying in adolescent populations include male gender, smoking, alcohol use, drug use, and number of sexual partners. Current knowledge of these and other risk factors has provided limited benefit because many are no more obvious to the clinician a priori than is the tendency to carry guns. Increasing relative age of a student within school class is an easily measured parameter that has been associated with behavioral problems, absenteeism, negative self-image, and high dropout rates. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association between relative student age-within-class and tendency to carry firearms. DESIGN: The Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which collects data on demographic characteristics, risk behaviors, and health outcomes. PARTICIPANTS: A randomly selected group of 3153 Massachusetts students in grades 9 through 11. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The odds of firearms-carrying comparing older to average-age and younger students. RESULTS: Using multivariate logistic regression, seven risk factors predicted gun-carrying with statistically significant results: older age-within-class (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.09-4.12), male gender (OR: 4.95; 95% CI: 3.01-8.15), black race (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.20-5.14), gang membership (OR: 7.22; 95% CI: 4.51-11.56), missing school out of concern for safety (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.30-4.80), seeking medical treatment after a fight (OR: 4.47; 95% CI: 2.56-7. 78), and fighting without seeking medical treatment (OR: 5.73; 95% CI: 3.09-10.60). CONCLUSION: Older 9th-, 10th-, and 11th-grade students are more likely than their classmates to carry firearms. This information may prove helpful in identifying high-risk students and targeting prevention strategies.
The Role of Brand Personality in Charitable Giving: An Assessment and Validation

Marketing concepts such as corporate identity, image, and branding are important strategies for nonprofit organizations. In particular, brand personality has been advocated by practitioners but has not been empirically investigated in the nonprofit context. According to social exchange theory and trust, the authors argue that nonprofit stakeholders perceive nonprofit organizations at an abstract level because of the organizations’ intangibility and social ideals. This study develops and refines a parsimonious measure of brand personality specifically for the nonprofit context. The authors conduct a series of six multimethod studies of nonprofit stakeholders to validate the role of brand personality in nonprofit organizations. The results yield four dimensions of brand personality for nonprofits: integrity, nurturance, sophistication, and ruggedness. Thus, current and potential donors ascribe personality traits to nonprofit organizations and differentiate between nonprofits on the basis of the organizations’ personality. Finally, nonprofit brand personality may influence potential donors’ likelihood to contribute.
A Process Evaluation of an Online BSW Program: Getting the Student Perspective

This paper reviews the student perspectives of an online BSW program. The structure of this program is presented, along with findings from a mixed-method evaluation of four matched BSW courses where each instructor taught both the online and face-to-face sections. Although there are no identified differences in performance, grades, or retention, students report differences in developing instructor and classmate relationships and in overall course satisfaction. Qualitative findings highlight the advantages of the flexibility of online education, tempered by challenges in making connections and fewer spontaneous interactions. Implications for online course development are discussed.
Noise in thin-film inductive heads

The sources of thermal noise in thin-film inductive recording heads are investigated. These noise sources are associated with the various losses in the heads. An equivalent circuit model of the head impedance whose parameters are fitted to the measured impedance over a 100-MHz frequency range has been made. The head is read out by a low-noise preamplifier whose input impedance and input-referred voltage and current noise are also measured. Of the ensuing channel front-end (head plus preamplifier), the total noise is determined as well as the relative contributions of the various head and electronics noise sources and their spectral distribution. For a typical (36 turns, 5.6 mu m trackwidth) head and a 20-MHz channel bandwidth, most of the noise was contributed by the DC-resistance of the copper coil (R/sub c/=21.6 Omega ). The voltage and current noise of the electronics came next. For higher data rate channels the current noise of the electronics and the eddy current damped magnetization rotation over the skin depth in the center region of the yoke were shown to be the important noise sources. >
Adh as a Model for Analysis of the Integration of Stress Response Regulation in Plants

Alcohol dehydrogenase genes were among the first plant genes to be cloned, in large part because they were strongly induced in response to the environmental stress of flooding. Extensive characterization of the Adh genes of maize and arabidopsis focused on the hypoxia induction phenomenon, but also revealed that Adh genes can be induced by other factors such as cold and ABA. Thus Adh genes offer both the opportunity and the challenge to understand the mechanisms by which disparate inductive signals are interpreted, integrated and coordinated into regulated gene activity.
The human ABCG1 gene: identification of LXR response elements that modulate expression in macrophages and liver

The ABC transporter ABCG1 (ATP binding cassette transporter G1), expressed in macrophages, liver, and other tissues, has been implicated in the efflux of cholesterol to high density lipoprotein. The ABCG1 gene is transcriptionally activated by cholesterol loading and activators of liver X receptors (LXRs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) through genomic sequences that have not been fully characterized. Here we show that ABCG1 mRNA is induced by LXR agonists in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, HepG2 hepatoma cells, and primary mouse hepatocytes. We identify two evolutionarily highly conserved LXR response elements (LXREs), LXRE-A and LXRE-B, located in the first and second introns of the human ABCG1 gene. Each element conferred robust LXR-agonist responsiveness to ABCG1 promoter-directed luciferase gene constructs in RAW264.7 and HepG2 cells. Overexpression of LXR/RXR activated the ABCG1 promoter in the presence of LXRE-A or LXRE-B sequences. In gel-shift assays, LXR/RXR heterodimers bound to wild-type but not to mutated LXRE-A and LXRE-B sequences. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, LXR and RXR were detected at LXRE-A and -B regions of DNA of human THP-1 macrophages. These studies clarify the mechanism of transcriptional upregulation of the ABCG1 gene by oxysterols in macrophages and liver, two key tissues where ABCG1 expression may affect cholesterol balance and atherogenesis.
Depression and Suicidality Outcomes in the Treatment of Early Age Mania Study

Objective To assess the efficacy of mood-stabilizing medications for depression and suicidality in pediatric bipolar disorder. Method The Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) study is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, masked comparison of divalproex sodium (VAL), lithium carbonate (LI), and risperidone (RISP) in an 8-week parallel clinical trial. A total of 279 children and adolescents with DSM-IV diagnoses of bipolar I disorder, mixed or manic, aged 6 to 15 years were enrolled. The primary outcome measure was improvement on the Clinical Global Impression scale for depression (CGI-BP-I-D). Secondary outcome measures included the Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS-R) and suicidality status. Statistics included longitudinal analysis of outcomes using generalized linear mixed models with random intercept both for the complete data set and by using last observation carried forward. Results CGI-BP-I-D ratings were better in the RISP group (60.7%) as compared to the LI (42.2%; p = .03) or VAL (35.0%; p = .003) groups from baseline to the end of the study. CDRS scores in all treatment groups improved equally by study end. In week 1, scores were lower with RISP compared to VAL (mean = 4.72, 95% CI = 2.67, 6.78), and compared to LI (mean = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.51, 5.74), although group differences were not present by the end of the study. Suicidality was infrequent, and there was no overall effect of treatment on suicidality ratings. Conclusion Depressive symptoms, present in the acutely manic or mixed phase of pediatric bipolar disorder, improved with all 3 medications, though RISP appeared to yield more rapid improvement than LI or VAL and was superior using a global categorical outcome. Clinical trial registration information —Study of Outcome and Safety of Lithium, Divalproex and Risperidone for Mania in Children and Adolescents (TEAM); http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00057681.
The days of cost effective management for nephrolithiasis are already upon us

Nephrolithiasis prevalence rates continue to rise globally and have nearly doubled within the United States over the last few decades. At the same time, health care costs have risen within the United States at an alarming rate. The economic burden of nephrolithiasis is estimated at greater than $5 billion annually. This estimate is based on direct cost related to healthcare delivery and indirect factors such as loss of productivity/work. Interestingly, medical expulsion therapy (MET) has been found to be more cost effective for ureteral stones than early endoscopic intervention, even when including increased emergency room visits for MET. A variety of medical and surgical options exist for symptomatic nephrolithiasis treatment. Unfortunately, concrete data is lacking as to the most cost effective surgical approach for nephrolithiasis. The issue of cost effectiveness quickly becomes more complex when the analysis begins to include stone size, location, cost of maintenance for endoscopes, laser fibers, etc. (1). Data is also limited as to the cost effectiveness of prevention of nephrolithiasis. Certainly the low upfront costs of general dietary recommendations (low salt diet, increased oral fluid intake, moderate protein intake, etc.) do not pose any great cost burden, but their effectiveness is unclear. Similarly, it is unclear as to the cost effectiveness of thiazides, potassium citrate, or other medications for the prevention of the various types of stone disease. With rising healthcare costs coupled with the rising prevalence of nephrolithiasis, not only is more research needed to provide greater clarity regarding the most cost effective approach to all types of nephrolithiasis, the importance of this type of research will only increase in the climate of increased scrutiny of healthcare expenditures.
Targeting the reach of educational support interventions in Kenya

Abstract The Free Primary Education program introduced in Kenya in 2003 increased primary school attendance rates. However, disparities in primary school education are evident throughout the nation. Using data from the 2003 and 2008–09 Kenya Demographic Health Surveys (KDHS), this study investigates the household characteristics—in addition to poverty—associated with poor school attendance. Using bivariate analysis and logistic regression we confirm that indeed household wealth is a factor in accessing free primary education. Younger children, those living in households headed by a non-biological parent are also less likely to attend school. Moreover households in arid and semi-arid regions of the country—areas characterized by historical socio-economic and political marginalization report significantly low primary school attendance rates. Findings from this study call attention to continued education disparities in spite of the free tuition program. The study further directs policy makers on how best to deploy scarce resources to target households most unable to provide adequate educational supports to children.
Monitoring vaccine protein glycosylation: analytics and recent developments

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that glycosylation of key pathogen glycoprotein antigens can significantly affect antigenic properties. For example, pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus and influenza, can develop a ‘glycoshield’ over key antigens as they passage through host populations. In addition to shielding of antigenic sites key changes in glycosylation have been shown to modify host innate immune responses and both of these phenomena can potentially impact vaccine performance. A better understanding of glycosylation properties of vaccine antigens may better guide development of these products and management of their production processes. Due to the complexity of oligosaccharides, the analysis of these glycosylation states has been difficult and time consuming. With the advent of cutting edge mass spectrometry based techniques many of the barriers to glycan and glycoprotein analysis have been lowered. Combined with traditional techniques such as high field NMR, GC/MS, CE...
Miniature self-calibrated fiber optic tip temperature and pressure sensor

This paper reports a miniaturized fiber optic (FO) sensor developed using microfabrication technology. In this device, the temperature and pressure measurements are incorporated into a single point fiber tip sensor. The temperature-pressure cross sensing issue, a common problem in air gap pressure sensors, is addressed by self-calibrating with the integrated temperature sensor. The sensing element is approximately 300 μm. Signal demodulation was based on an optical white light interferometry algorithm.
Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Victims of Crime

Therapeutic jurisprudence focuses attention on the emotional well-being of those who come into contact with law and the legal system. This book chapter discusses how therapeutic jurisprudence can contribute to our understanding of the plight of victims of crime and how the legal process can be re-imagined to facilitate their healing and human potential. It argues that the criminal process and the way police, judges, court personnel, prosecutors, and defense lawyers play their roles with regard to the victim of crime should be animated, in important part, by a concern for the needs of the victim.
Evaluation of the Pest Status of the Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper (Homoptera: Membracidae) on Soybean in Louisiana

Field tests were conducted in 1981 and 1982 to determine the feeding damage of three cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, yield. Insecticides were applied in various early season/late season combinations in order to establish different S. Festinus population levels. Significant differences among treatments were found for early and late season S. festinus populations, levels of early and late season girdling, leaf area indices, stand density, and yield. Early season damage did not affect yield. Correlation analyses demonstrated a significant negative correlation for yield with late season populations and late season damage. Yield reductions ranging from 396.8 to 1,189.5 kg/ha were associated with late season populations ranging from 48 to 476.5 adults per 100 sweeps of a 38-cm diameter sweep net. These data contributed to the establishment of an economic threshold of 1 adult per sweep after the beginning of pod set for S. festinus on soybean in Louisiana.
Development and Reproduction of Two Populations of Eretmocerus Species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

A study was conducted to determine preimaginal developmental rate, adult survival, and fertility of two populations of Eretmocerus sp. that parasitize Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). An arrhenotokous parasitoid population was collected in Indio, Calif., and a thelytokous parasitoid population was collected from Oahu, Hawaii. Experiments were conducted with parasitoids reared on B. tabaci hosts living on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (‘Delta Pine 61’), or cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. (‘Poinsett 76’), in temperature-controlled cabinets at 20.0 and 29.0%C. Significant differences in preimaginal developmental periods were found between populations, temperatures, and plants. Adult longevity was greatest at lower temperatures. A limited preoviposition period existed. Fertilities were higher on cucumber and at 29.0%C. The sex ratio of the arrhenotokous population favored females. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) for the arrhenotokous population varied from 0.0610 to 0.1149 on cotton and from 0.0856 to 0.1824 on cucumber, at 20.0 and 29.0‘C. Values for rm for the thelytokous population varied hom 0.0858 to 0.1608 on cotton and from 0.0980 to 0.2117 on cucumber, at 20.0 and 29.0%C. The results indicate that biological control of B. tabaci would probably be better obtained by Eretmocerus sp. population from Hawaii at higher temperatures.
Release of luteinizing hormone by synthetic LH-releasing hormone in the ewe and ram.

SummaryLarge or small doses of synthetic LH-RH were injected into the carotid artery or intramuscularly in three anestrous ewes and one vasectomized ram. Intracarotid injection of 5 pg of synthetic LH-RH elicited monophasic responses in LH-release; the highest levels of serum LH were reached within 5-10 min after injection of LH-RH, followed by a gradual decrease. Injection of 250 pg of LH-RH resulted in a rise of serum LH within 5-10 min which was indistinguishable in magnitude from that after 5 pg of LH-RH. These levels remained steady or kept rising very gradually for 25 rnin or longer, then again started rising sharply. The peak levels were observed at 1.5 hr after injection, followed by a gradual decrease. Four hours after injection of LH-RH, serum LH levels were still higher than during the preinjection levels. Intramuscular injection of a large dose of LH-RH elicited patterns similar to those observed following intracarotid injection of LH-RH. The magnitude of response after intramuscular injection...
Emotional self-efficacy and alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents.

This study examined relationships between emotional self-efficacy (ESE) and alcohol and tobacco use in a statewide sample of public high school adolescents (n = 2,566). The Center for Disease Control Youth Risk Behavior Survey and an adolescent ESE scale were utilized. Logistic regression analyses indicated the presence of any significant race by gender associations between lower ESE and alcohol and tobacco use. Results suggest that alcohol and cigarette use was significantly associated (p ≤ .05) with lower levels of ESE for certain race/gender groups. Results have implications for school- and community-based mental health services and substance use prevention/education programs for adolescents. Measures of ESE as a component of comprehensive assessments of adolescent mental health in fieldwork, research, and substance abuse prevention/education program evaluation efforts should be considered.
With One Shot, Which Bullet Would You Use? Market versus Accounting Data in Bankruptcy Prediction Part I (The Univariate Case)

In this paper, we investigate the univariate behavior of variables prior to bankruptcy. In contrast with the previous literature, we study not only the behavior of accounting ratios, but also that of market and microstructure variables. The most important finding is that market and microstructure variables are best at correctly classifying bankrupt firms. The best predictors are price, standard deviation, and bid-ask spread. Accounting ratios still play an important role; ratios that include net income, current liabilities, and working capital perform much better in tests to distinguish between bankrupt and nonbankrupt firms than do other ratios.
INVESTIGATION OF QUALITY OF DISINFECTION OF DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPES IN SOME GENERAL HOSPTIALS OF ZHEJIANG PROVINCE.

Objective To know the present situation of the management of endoscope disinfection in the hospitals of Zhejiang Province and to propose related countermeasures.Methods Questionnaire investigation and on-the-spot sampling examination method were used to carry out a survey of condition of disinfection of endoscopes in 17 hospitals of Zhejiang Province.Results The average eligible rate of disinfection qualit of digestive time endoscopes and related materials samples from 3 first class general hospitals was 53.06%,that of the samples from 10 second class of third-grade hospital was 56.8% and that of the samples from 4 first class of second-grade hospitals was 44.78%.The total eligible rate of water washing and enzyme cleaning troughs and the inner surface of rinsers was 49.05%.Pathogens were not detected from various kinds of water used for cleaning endoscopes.Conclusion The endoscope disinfection in general hospitals of Zhejiang province is relatively standardized,but disinfection qualification rate is relatively low.There is potential factor causing cross-infection by endoscopes.
SU-C-BRA-03: An Automated and Quick Contour Errordetection for Auto Segmentation in Online Adaptive Radiotherapy

Purpose: To develop a tool that can quickly and automatically assess contour quality generated from auto segmentation during online adaptive replanning. Methods: Due to the strict time requirement of online replanning and lack of ‘ground truth’ contours in daily images, our method starts with assessing image registration accuracy focusing on the surface of the organ in question. Several metrics tightly related to registration accuracy including Jacobian maps, contours shell deformation, and voxel-based root mean square (RMS) analysis were computed. To identify correct contours, additional metrics and an adaptive decision tree are introduced. To approve in principle, tests were performed with CT sets, planned and daily CTs acquired using a CT-on-rails during routine CT-guided RT delivery for 20 prostate cancer patients. The contours generated on daily CTs using an auto-segmentation tool (ADMIRE, Elekta, MIM) based on deformable image registration of the planning CT and daily CT were tested. Results: The deformed contours of 20 patients with total of 60 structures were manually checked as baselines. The incorrect rate of total contours is 49%. To evaluate the quality of local deformation, the Jacobian determinant (1.047±0.045) on contours has been analyzed. In an analysis of rectum contour shell deformed, the higher rate (0.41) of error contours detection was obtained compared to 0.32 with manual check. All automated detections took less than 5 seconds. Conclusion: The proposed method can effectively detect contour errors in micro and macro scope by evaluating multiple deformable registration metrics in a parallel computing process. Future work will focus on improving practicability and optimizing calculation algorithms and metric selection.
Food Allergy Assessment for Products Derived through Plant Biotechnology

Publisher Summary Some individuals cannot tolerate the ingestion of certain foods that are safe and nutritious for a vast majority of the consuming public. These individualistic adverse reactions to foods or food sensitivities can occur through a number of different mechanisms and can be categorized as either food allergies or food intolerances. This chapter discusses the prevalence, symptoms, and mechanisms of food allergies and describes the identification and characterization of food allergens. The evaluation of novel proteins for potential allergenicity is discussed briefly. The chapter describes allergy assessment in the gene recovery phase; discusses the decision tree approach, its history, and development; and includes information on the source of the gene, sequence homology, specific serum screening, targeted serum screening, pepsin resistance and digestive fate, and animal models. Some example applications of allergenicity assessment are provided, including glyphosate-tolerant soybean, insect-resistant corn, and methionine-enhanced soybeans. With the application of such strategies, consumers and regulators can be assured that the likelihood for allergenicity of these novel foods is quite low.
Advances in 3D Imaging with Applications to Displays, Computational Imaging, Optical Security, and Healthcare

In this invited paper, we present an overview of our published work in multidimensional imaging to discuss a variety of our recent research on 3D imaging, visualization and displays, 3D imaging under photon starved conditions, optical security using quantum imaging principles, 3D microscopy, fatigue free augmented reality 3D glasses, and optical security and authentication using photon counting for IC inspection.
Effects of Feeding Frequency on Apparent Energy and Nutrient Digestibility/Availability of Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Reared at Optimal and Suboptimal Temperatures

This study examined the effects of feeding frequency (daily versus every other day [EOD]) on nutrient digestibility/availability of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, reared at optimal (30 C) and suboptimal (24 C) temperatures. A 28% protein practical diet was used as the test diet, and chromic oxide was used at 0.75% of the diet as a maker. Twenty channel catfish of a mean weight of 141 g/fish were stocked into 12 flow-through aquaria (110 L). Fish were fed daily or EOD to apparent satiation for 7 d before fecal samples were collected by the dissection method. Fish fed EOD to apparent satiation consumed more diet on days fed than those fed daily, and fish reared at 30 C consumed more diet than those reared at 24 C. Neither feeding frequency nor water temperature significantly affected apparent digestibility coefficients for energy and protein and apparent availability coefficients for total amino acids. Results show no advantage by feeding EOD over feeding daily on nutrient digestibility and diet utilization efficiency.
Über den diagnostischen Wert der Fingerlängenproportion in der Vaterschaftsbegutachtung

Die Fingerlangenproportion kann demnach als umwelts-, altersund geschlechtslabiles Merkmal nur geringe Beweiskraft fur erbbiologische Zusammenhange haben. Die Kenntnis ihrer Veranderungsrichtungen (Geschlechtseinflus → radial, Entwicklungstendenz → radial, Arbeitspragung → ulnar) gestattet eine gewisse Staffelung ihres hinweisenden Wertes. Dieser ist noch am deutlichsten beim radialen Typus und streng symmetrischen Vorkommen derselben Proportion erkennbar; er steigt mit der Seltenheit der Kombination. Je junger das Kind mit radialen Handen, desto groser ist die Erbwahrscheinlichkeit. Wer fruh radial ist, bleibt es auch und konnte nur noch unter Arbeitseinflus nach ulnar hin tendieren, wahrend das ulnare Kind sowohl ulnar bleiben als auch radialer werden kann. Ferner wird die familiare Vergleichbarkeit mit dem Grade der Elternhandbelastung komplizierter. Die aussagefahigste Konstellation ware: beidhandig radiales Kind vor der ersten Streckung (vor allem Knabe), ulnare Mutter und radialer Beklagter (besonders Handarbeiter, der ursprunglich extrem radial gewesen sein mus). Die Aussagekraft sinkt, wenn die Mutter ebenfalls radial, der Klager ein Madchen und alter ist; noch mehr, wenn die Eltern die mittlere oder ulnare Form haben, und er ist am geringsten bei vollig ulnaren Kindern vor der ersten Streckung und ulnaren handarbeitenden Eltern. In diesem Falle konnen die Eltern mittel, radial oder ulnar veranlagt sein und ebenso die Kinder spater im Erwachsenenalter alle 3 Formen zeigen. Immer last die seltene, sehr starke und fruhe Merkmalsauspragung mehr genotypische Gebundenheit erkennen als die haufigere, schwache und spate. Die Beachtung des Grundtypus in der polysymptomatischen Ahnlichkeitsdiagnose sollte sich deshalb auf die fruh auftretenden seltenen Extremvarianten beschranken.
Static DOM event dependency analysis for testing web applications

The number and complexity of JavaScript-based web applications are rapidly increasing, but methods and tools for automatically testing them are lagging behind, primarily due to the difficulty in analyzing the subtle interactions between the applications and the event-driven execution environment. Although static analysis techniques have been routinely used on software written in traditional programming languages, such as Java and C++, adapting them to handle JavaScript code and the HTML DOM is difficult. In this work, we propose the first constraint-based declarative program analysis procedure for computing dependencies over program variables as well as event-handler functions of the various DOM elements, which is crucial for analyzing the behavior of a client-side web application. We implemented the method in a software tool named JSDEP and evaluated it in ARTEMIS, a platform for automated web application testing. Our experiments on a large set of web applications show the new method can significantly reduce the number of redundant test sequences and significantly increase test coverage with minimal overhead.
Estrogen Receptors α and β Play Major Roles in Ethanol-Evoked Myocardial Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction in Conscious Ovariectomized Rats.

Background We documented the dependence of ethanol (EtOH)-evoked myocardial dysfunction on estrogen (E2), and our recent estrogen receptor (ER) blockade study, in proestrus rats, implicated ERα signaling in this phenomenon. However, a limitation of selective pharmacological loss-of-function approach is the potential contribution of the other 2 ERs to the observed effects because crosstalk exists between the 3 ERs. Here, we adopted a “regain”-of-function approach (using selective ER subtype agonists) to identify the ER subtype(s) required for unraveling the E2-dependent myocardial oxidative stress/dysfunction caused by EtOH in conscious ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods OVX rats received a selective ERα (PPT), ERβ (DPN), or GPER (G1) agonist (10 μg/kg; i.v.) or vehicle 30 minutes before EtOH (1.0 g/kg; infused i.v. over 30 minutes) or saline, and the hemodynamic recording continued for additional 60 minutes. Thereafter, left ventricular tissue was collected for conducting ex vivo molecular/biochemical studies. Results EtOH had no hemodynamic effects in OVX rats, but reduced the left ventricular contractility index, dP/dtmax, and MAP after acute ERα (PPT) or ERβ (DPN) activation. These responses were associated with increases in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and eNOS, and in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the myocardium. GPER activation (G1) only unraveled a modest EtOH-evoked hypotension and elevation in myocardial ROS. PPT enhanced catalase, DPN reduced ALDH2, while G1 had no effect on the activity of either enzyme, and none of the agonists influenced alcohol dehydrogenase or CYP2E1 activities in the myocardium. Blood EtOH concentration (96.0 mg/dl) was significantly reduced following ERα (59.8 mg/dl) or ERβ (62.9 mg/dl), but not GPER (100.3 mg/dl), activation in EtOH-treated OVX rats. Conclusions ERα and ERβ play major roles in the E2-dependent myocardial dysfunction caused by EtOH by promoting combined accumulation of cardiotoxic (ROS and MDA) and cardiodepressant (NOS-derived NO) molecules in female myocardium.
Wear resistance of Cu-18 vol.% Nb (P/M) composites

Abstract Friction and wear behavior of copper matrix composites reinforced by unidirectional Nb fibers were explored using both pin-on-ring and pin on disk set-ups. Composite specimens were manufactured from a Cu–18 vol.% Nb powder mixture. Through various mechanical processes and heat treatments, this powder mixture was converted to a ‘ribbon-shaped Nb’ fiber reinforced copper composite with final average fiber thickness of about 10 nm and aspect ratio of about 30. The friction and wear properties of this composite were evaluated against gray cast iron with the hardness of 92 HRB. The effects of normal load, sliding speed and fiber orientation on the friction and wear of this composite were investigated. Steady state wear was observed upon formation of a thin film on the wear surface for all the specimens. This film formed due to the material transfer from the disk to the composite surface due to low ductility of the copper matrix. The wear rate was proportional to the sliding distance and normal load for all specimens, while specimens with fibers normal to the sliding surface showed the lowest wear rate. Moreover, the wear rate appeared to be an exponential function of the sliding speed. This was related to temperature rise at the interface of sliding surfaces and recovery of Cu matrix and possible breakage of the Nb fibers. Metalographic examination of Cu–Nb micro-fiber reinforced composite showed that when exposed to temperature greater than 600 °C, fibers start to break and spherodized. This phenomenon significantly reduces the strength of Cu–Nb composite and increases its wear rate. Some insight into the mechanisms of wear was obtained using optical and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry analysis of the surface.
Perfectionism and Loneliness as Predictors of Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in African American Adults: Further Evidence for a Top-Down Additive Model

In the present study, I used a top-down approach to examine perfectionism and loneliness as additive predictors of depressive and anxious symptoms in a sample of 168 African American college students. Consistent with expectations, I found perfectionism and loneliness to be associated with both depressive and anxious symptoms. In addition, results of conducting hierarchical regression analyses indicated that certain dimensions of perfectionism, especially doubts about actions, accounted for significant variance in both depressive and anxious symptoms. Moreover, the inclusion of loneliness as a predictor was found to account for additional unique variance in both depressive and anxious symptoms, beyond what was accounted for by perfectionism. Implications of the present findings for future research on negative affective conditions in African American adults are discussed.
Pulse shaping for super-resolution imaging

We present a new approach to metamaterial-based super-resolution imaging, where optical pulse shaping allows to dramatically reduce the influence of material loss.
Role of Radioactive Iodine for Remnant Ablation in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer

The role of radioactive iodine (RAI) for remnant ablation in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma has been a controversial topic for more than three decades. In our chapter, we consider the implications of the recently published American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and hope to clarify for our readers where we currently stand on their Recommendation 51, designed to answer the question of “What is the role of radioactive iodine (RAI) (including remnant ablation, adjuvant therapy or therapy for persistent disease) after thyroidectomy in the primary management of DTC?” We will consider both low-risk and high-risk PTC patients in this chapter and attempt to define an appropriate role for postsurgical RAI in the management of patients presenting with PTC. Because there is a paucity of published studies specifically addressing the role of RAI and radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) in patients who have either follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) or Hurthle cell cancer (HCC), we will be restricting our discussion in this chapter to the management of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), a tumor type which our institution has been carefully studying for more than 30 years.
Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal approach for umbilical hernia with rectus diastasis.

Introduction Rectus diastasis, when coexistent with umbilical hernia, can benefit from mesh-based repair of the midline. Laparoscopic correction of an umbilical hernia involves the placement of a mesh in the peritoneal cavity, but this comes with the risk of bowel complications. However, newly developed dual-sided composite meshes have helped to reduce this risk. Materials and Surgical Technique Four men and three women with umbilical hernia and rectus diastasis were treated with laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair. Composite mesh with a hydrophilic 3-D polyester textile on the parietal side and an absorbable collagen barrier on the peritoneal side were placed in the preperitoneal pocket after hernial sac reduction. Mean hernia size was 2.5 cm, and no recurrences were observed during the mean follow-up period of 9.2 months. Discussion The laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal approach for umbilical hernia and rectus diastasis may be a safe surgical option when trying to avoid potential complications related to intra-abdominal mesh positioning.
Governance Structure and Exit: Evidence from California Hospitals

Most inpatient and emergency health care services in the U.S. are delivered by non-profit organizations. To understand the impact of policies that are designed to affect competitive outcomes in hospital markets, it’s important to understand whether the “non-profit” structure changes the behavior and competitive conduct of firms. Given the complexity of the product space within which hospitals operate, we focus on more easily interpreted decisions within the hospital market: entry and exit. Using comprehensive administrative data for the universe of California hospitals from 1980 to 2013, we document the observed entry and exit behavior. We estimate flexible exit policy functions and demonstrate a difference in behavior between for-profit and non-profit firms that exists after accounting for several observable characteristics of hospitals. We find differences in observed behavior: this is a finding that strongly suggests that there are differences in the underlying objective function of the various firms.
Histopathologic Analysis of Palpebral Conjunctiva in Thyroid-Related Orbitopathy (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis)

Purpose: To examine the histopathology of palpebral conjunctiva in patients with thyroid-related orbitopathy. Based on previously published anecdotes, the hypothesis is that conjunctiva shows increased inflammation and fibrosis.
Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, Neural Basis of

Understanding that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had a neural basis was first based on association of neurological conditions with behavioral manifestations of the disorder. Since those early observations, ADHD diagnosis continues to be made on the basis of clinical symptoms, although the psychological and biological mechanisms underlying the disorder have been better elucidated. Recent advances in neuroscience coupled with genetic, environmental, and psychopharmacology studies shed light on the neural basis of the disorder. Structural, functional, and connectivity imaging studies of the brain show distinct differences in ADHD. Neurotransmitter systems are also affected by the disorder and targeted in treatment.
Diversity of cutinases from plant pathogenic fungi: cloning and characterization of a cutinase gene from Alternaria brassicicola

Alternaria brassicicola produced two cutinase isozymes in the presence of cutin monomers as specific inducers. A cDNA library was constructed from poly(A)+RNA isolated from mycelium incubated with cutin monomers. Specific cDNA clones were selected from the library according to their abilities to hybridize with first strand cDNA prepared from induced cultures, but not from glucose-grown cultures. Cutinase-specific cDNA clones were identified by Southern analysis of plasmid DNA, employing a mixture of two heterologous cutinase cDNAs and one cutinase gene as probes. The largest 984 bp insert found among positive clones contained the entire cutinase coding region composed of 209 amino acids. The amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA nucleotide sequence contained amino acids and sequences highly conserved among fungal cutinases. The sequences of four additional positive cDNAs were identical and thus gave no indication for the presence of a second gene of origin. Southern analysis of genomic DNA of A. brassicicola yielded a similar result. The structural gene of cutinase (CUTAB1) was contained within a 1545 bp genomic DNA fragment. Nucleotide sequences of the cDNA and the gene were identical, with the exception of one intron of 56 bp. The location of the intron was identical with introns identified in other fungal cutinase genes. The potential role of CUTAB1 in pathogenicity will be determined by gene disruption.
Recent experiments on the surface of liquid $sup 4$He: elastic scattering of $sup 4$He atoms

The first part of the paper concerns the experimental determination of the two-dimensional effective interaction potential between 3He atoms adsorbed on the surface of liquid 4He. Measurements of the velocity of surface sound and of the surface tension indicate that, for concentrations of 3He corresponding to a small fraction of a monolayer, the interaction is very weak and predominantly repulsive. This is unfavorable for a low-temperature super-fluid condensation.
Neglected Tabu Search Strategies

This chapter briefly reviews several key strategies in tabu search that are often neglected (especially in beginning studies), but which are important for producing the best results.
Collaborative Trust-Based Secure Routing in Multihop Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper we have proposed a secure routing protocol based on AODV for multihop ad hoc networks. Our protocol is unique in the sense that it is capable of finding a secure end-to-end route free of any malicious entity, thus resisting an internal attack within the network either in the form of compromised or disloyal nodes. We propose to find a secure and efficient route to a destination based on collaborative effort of all the nodes.
Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk to Guide Primary Prevention

Importance In 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration approved a combination of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulfate with an Orphan Drug Act designation for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis (MS). This medication, however, is commonly prescribed off-label for behavioral symptoms in patients with dementia and/or Parkinson disease (PD). Objective To investigate the prescribing patterns of dextromethorphan-quinidine, including off-label prescribing, and trends in associated costs. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study of patients prescribed dextromethorphan-quinidine used data from 2 commercial insurance databases. The Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Program data set was used to evaluate prescription number and total spending by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Patients were included if they were prescribed dextromethorphan-quinidine from October 29, 2010, when the drug was approved, through March 1, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures The proportion of patients prescribed dextromethorphan-quinidine with a diagnosis of MS, ALS, or dementia and/or PD, as well as the number of patients with a history of heart failure (a contraindication for the drug). Results In the commercial health care databases, 12 858 patients filled a prescription for dextromethorphan-quinidine during the study period. Mean (SD) age was 66.0 (18.5) years; 67.0% were women; and 13.3% had a history of heart failure. Combining results from both databases, few patients had a diagnosis of MS (8.4%) or ALS (6.8%); most (57.0%) had a diagnosis of dementia and/or PD. In the Medicare Part D database, the number of patients prescribed dextromethorphan-quinidine increased approximately 12-fold, from 3296 in 2011 to 40 448 in 2015. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services spending on this medication increased from $4.3 million in 2011 to $137.5 million by 2015. Conclusions and Relevance Despite approval by the US Food and Drug Administration as an orphan-designated drug for pseudobulbar affect related to ALS or MS, this study suggests that dextromethorphan-quinidine appears to be primarily prescribed off-label for patients with dementia and/or PD.
Operators on Hilbert Spaces

In this chapter we will study operators that map one Hilbert space into another. The fact that we now have an inner product to work with allows us to derive much more detailed results than we could for operators on generic normed spaces.
A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of iclaprim activity against wild-type and corresponding thymidine kinase-deficient Staphylococcus aureus in a mouse abscess model

The efficacy of iclaprim against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and its corresponding isogenic TK-deficient mutant S. aureus strain AH 1246 mixed with cytodex beads was studied in a mouse abscess infection model. Iclaprim (2–80 mg kg−1) administered as a single dose via the subcutaneous route (2 h post-infection) was efficacious against the TK-deficient mutant with 1 and 2 log10 c.f.u. reductions at the 24 h post initiation of treatment time point, at doses of 14.4 and 30 mg kg−1, respectively. In contrast, poor antibacterial activity was observed against corresponding wild-type (TK-competent) S. aureus strain, ATCC 25923, at all doses tested. The PK/PD parameter which appeared to correlate best with efficacy was AUC/MIC (R 2=0.91). This study showed that TK-deficient mutants may be used to evaluate DHFRi activity and PK/PD relationship in a mouse abscess model.