cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Possible Influence of High Injection Pressure on Diesel Fuel Stability: A Review and Preliminary Study

Recent developments in diesel engines and fuel injection equipment combined with the change to ULSD and bio-blends have resulted in increased reports regarding deposits within injectors and filters. A review of known fuel degradation mechanisms and other relevant chemistries suggests the effects of high pressure and high shear environments should be examined as the most probable causes of increasing deposit formation. Existing fuel quality tests do not correlate with reported fouling propensity. Analytical studies have shown that there are only subtle chemical changes for the materials within the standard diesel boiling range. The implications for further scientific study are discussed.
Variability in Rates of Use of Antibacterials Among 130 US Hospitals and Risk-Adjustment Models for Interhospital Comparison

Objective. To describe variability in rates of antibacterial use in a large sample of US hospitals and to create risk‐adjusted models for interhospital comparison. Methods. We retrospectively surveyed the use of 87 antibacterial agents on the basis of electronic claims data from 130 medical‐surgical hospitals in the United States for the period August 2002 to July 2003; these records represented 1,798,084 adult inpatients. Hospitals were assigned randomly to the derivation data set (65 hospitals) or the validation data set (65 hospitals). Multivariable models predicting rates of antibacterial use were created using the derivation data set. These models were then used to predict rates of antibacterial use in the validation data set, which was compared with observed rates of antibacterial use. Rates of antibacterial use was measured in days of therapy per 1,000 patient‐days. Results. Across the surveyed hospitals, a mean of 59.3% of patients received at least 1 dose of an antimicrobial agent during hospital...
Impact of obesity on outcomes after open surgical and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Background This study examined impact of obesity on outcomes after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Study Design Data were obtained from the Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized according to National Institutes of Health guidelines. Multivariate regression adjusted for 40 other risk factors to analyze trends in complications and death within 30 days. Results We identified 2,201 patients undergoing 1,185 open and 1,016 endovascular aneurysm repairs (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysms from January 2004 through December 2005. BMI distribution was identical in both groups and reflected national population statistics: approximately 30% were normal (BMI 18.5 to 24.9), 40% were overweight (25.0 to 29.9), and 30% were obese class I (30.0 to 34.9), II (35.0 to 39.9), or III (≥40.0). After open repair, obesity of any class was independently predictive of wound complications (adjusted odds ratio=2.4; 95% CI, 1.5 to 5.3; p=0.002). Class III obesity was also an independent predictor or renal complications (adjusted odds rato=6.3; 95% CI, 2.2 to 18.0; p Conclusions Obesity is an independent risk factor that surgeons should consider during patient selection and operative planning for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Obese patients appear to particularly benefit from successful EVAR over open repair, but if open repair is required, special attention should be paid to cardiac risk, perioperative renal protection, and aggresive wound infection prevention measures.
Reverse Engineering of Bioadhesion in Marine Mussels

Marine mussels (Mytilus) are experts at bonding to a variety of solid surfaces in a wet, saline and turbulent environment. Bonding is rapid, permanent, versatile and protein-based. In mussels, adhesive bonding takes the form of a byssus--a bundle of extracorporeal threads--each connected to living tissues of the animal at one end and secured by an adhesive plaque at the other. We have investigated the composition and formation of byssal plaques and threads with the hope of discovering technologically relevant innovations in chemistry and materials science. All proteins isolated from the byssus to date share the quality of containing the unusual amino acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. This residue appears to have a dual functionality with significant consequences for adsorption and cohesion. On the one hand, it forms a diverse array of weaker molecular interactions such as metal chelates, H-bonds, and pi-cations: these appear to dominate in surface behavior (adsorption). On the other hand, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and its redox couple, dopaquinone, can mediate formation of covalent cross-links among byssal proteins (cohesion). One of the challenges in making functional biomimetic versions of byssal adhesion is to understand how these two reactivities are balanced.
On the Number of Open Sets of Finite Topologies

Recent papers of Sharp [4] and Stephen [5] have shown that any finite topology with n points which is not discrete contains (7/16)2” open sets. We determine which of these topologies are TO, and in the opposite direction we find finite T0 and non-T, topologies with a small number of open sets. The corresponding results for topologies on a finite set are also given. IfXis a finite topological space, thenXis determined by the minimal open sets U, containing each of its points x. X is a TO-space if and only if U, = U, implies x = y for all points x, y in X. If X is not To , the space 8 obtained by identifying all points x, y E X such that U, = U, , is a Tospace with the same lattice of open sets as X. Topological properties of the operation X-+x are discussed by McCord [3]. Thus for the present we
Thermodynamic considerations in laser irradiation and ablation of tissue

Thermodynamic processes involved in the response of biological tissue to laser irradiation are briefly described. Results are presented on the effect of variation of optical properties on the ablation depth and temperature profile. The results were obtained in three steps. A discrete ordinate method was used to calculate the light distribution and the rate of heat generation by the solution of a transport equation. A finite-element method was used to solve the heat conduction equation. An immobilized finite-element method was then used to solve the heat conduction equation simultaneously with an ablation interface energy balance. >
Branch Prediction and Power Reduction Techniques in the Clustered Loop Buffer VLIW Architecture

The clustered loop buffer VLIW processor has been developed to enhance the performance of multimedia applications in which loop intensive codes are used. In this paper, we employ a dynamic branch predictor in the clustered loop buffer VLIW architecture to handle branch instructions in loop-rich codes, such as multimedia applications, via dynamic speculation. To reduce the energy consumption we map two power reduction techniques, which are hint instruction method and pipeline gating method, on the architecture and analyze their performances using MediaBench applications. In our experiment, we observed that the hint instruction method helps reducing the dynamic branch predictor usage for all the applications tested, by at least 70%. The pipeline gating method was observed to be beneficial to only a subset of the applications with up to 20% of savings.
Duplex realtime PCR method for Epstein-Barr virus and human DNA quantification: its application for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders detection

INTRODUCTION: The quantification of circulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is used to monitor transplant patients as an early marker of Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders (PTLD). So far no standardized methodology exists for such determination.OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to develop and validate a real-time PCR assay to quantify EBV DNA in clinical samples from transplant recipients.METHODS: A duplex real-time PCR method was developed to amplify DNA from EBV and from a human gene. The EBV load was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), plasma and oropharyngeal tissue from 64 non-transplanted patients with lymphoid-hypertrophy (Non-Tx), 47 transplant recipients without PTLD (Tx), 54 recipients with PTLD (Tx-PTLD), and 66 blood donors (BD). WinPEPI, version 11.14 software was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:Analytical validation: the intra and inter-assays variation coefficients were less than 4.5% (EBV-reaction) and 3% (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - GAPDH reaction). Linear ranges comprised 107-10 EBV genome equivalents (gEq) (EBV-reaction) and 500,000-32 human gEq (GAPDH-reaction). The detection limit was 2.9 EBV gEq (EBV-reaction). Both reactions showed specificity. Application to clinical samples: higher levels of EBV were found in oropharyngeal tissue from transplanted groups with and without PTLD, compared to Non-Tx (p < 0.05). The EBV load in PBMC from the groups of BD, Non-Tx, Tx and Tx-PTLD exhibited increasing levels (p < 0.05). In BD, PBMC and plasma, EBV loads were undetectable.CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the assay was suitable for the required clinical application. The assay may be useful to monitor EBV infection in transplant patients, in particular in laboratories from low-income regions that cannot afford to use commercial assays.
Antimicrobial resistance in gram-positive bacteria

Gram-positive bacteria are common causes of bloodstream and other infections in hospitalized patients in the United States, and the percentage of nosocomial bloodstream infections caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacteria is increasing. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are of particular concern. In the United States, approximately 60% of staphylococcal infections in the intensive care unit are now caused by MRSA, and percentages continue to rise. Outbreaks of hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) are typically the result of clonal spread by MRSA being transferred from patient to patient, frequently using healthcare personnel as intermediaries. HA-MRSA strains are generally multidrug resistant. Vancomycin is the standard treatment for serious MRSA infections, but a few cases of vancomycin-resistant S aureus (VRSA) have recently emerged in the United States. Community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) is also increasing. Soft tissue infections are the most frequent presentations of CA-MRSA, but life-threatening invasive infections occur as well, including necrotizing pneumonia. The mechanisms of methicillin resistance are the same for CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA, but susceptibilities to non-beta-lactam antibiotics often differ. CA-MRSA exhibits broader antibiotic susceptibility than does HA-MRSA. The proportion of enterococci resistant to vancomycin continues to rise in the hospital setting, with the overwhelming majority of infections due to Enterococcus faecium. Clonal spread of VRE has been documented, but polyclonal outbreaks associated with antimicrobial use are also common. The relations between antibiotic use and VRE colonization are complex and related to the antienterococcal activity, biliary excretion, and antianaerobic activity of the antibiotic. Recent results show a decline in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) since the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and suggest that, where available, vaccines may be useful in the battle to slow the spread of resistant gram-positive cocci.
The School Counselor: Role Conflict

In the field of education, there exist conflicts which arise due to misperception of certain roles. What one incumbent perceives as the role of his position may not correspond to that perceived by another role incumbent. Also, persons at different levels of the organization perceive roles of others in the organization differently. The purpose of this paper is to discuss certain aspects of role misperception and conflict in the role of the school counselor.
Heritage Trouble: Recent Work on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Property

A major factor driving contemporary concerns about the fate of intangible cultural property is the rise of the Information Society, which has proven adept at stripping information from the cultural contexts that give it meaning. Efforts to preserve intangible heritage have tended to follow Information Society models by proposing that heritage be inventoried, then removed from the public domain and returned to the exclusive control of its putative creators. This essay reviews recent scholarly work and policy initiatives related to intangible cultural property, with an eye toward identifying their merits and flaws. It argues for a more ecological perspective, one that takes account of the unpredictable quality of information flows as well as the costs of attempting to manage them. Also explored are some of the difficult, unanswered questions about whether all intangible cultural heritage is equally worthy of protection.
Dynein mediates the localization and activation of mTOR in normal and human cytomegalovirus-infected cells

Activation of stress signaling pathways normally leads to inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1); however, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection maintains mTORC1 activity in the presence of numerous types of stress. We previously demonstrated that HCMV infection maintains mTORC1 activity during amino acid deprivation through a Ras-related GTP-binding (Rag) protein-independent mechanism. This depends on the colocalization of mTOR and its activator, Rheb (Ras homology enriched in brain)-GTP, to a perinuclear position that corresponds to the viral cytoplasmic assembly compartment (AC). The data presented here show that the HCMV-induced, amino acid depletion-resistant perinuclear localization and activation of mTORC1 occurs as early as 8 h post-infection, prior to AC formation. We show that the molecular motor dynein is required for perinuclear localization of mTORC1 in both uninfected and HCMV-infected cells. Association between dynein and mTOR is shown by coimmunoprecipitation, and inhibition of dynein function using RNAi or the small molecule inhibitor ciliobrevin A inhibits mTORC1 activity in both uninfected and HCMV-infected cells. The data suggest that mTORC1 activation requires dynein-dependent transport to a position in the cell where it can be activated. Thus, the HCMV commandeers a cellular dynein-dependent mTORC1 activation mechanism to maintain stress-resistant mTORC1 activity during infection and to form the AC.
Global Capitalism and the Flow of Foreign Direct Investment to Non-Core Nations, 1980-1996: A Quantitative, Cross-National Analysis:

This paper updates an earlier quantitative cross-national study (London and Ross 1995) by examining a more recent time period and re-specifying the original model in a number of significant ways. These include the incorporation of measures of (a) International Monetary Fund penetration into non-core nations (demonstrating that IMF conditionality increases the flow of FDI), (b) the presence of “attractive investment opportunities” in nations (to incorporate a predictor suggested by neoclassical economic theory), and (c) an interaction term that points to the multiplicative significance of intranational and international factors. Our findings generally confirm those of the earlier study and produce some significant new results.
The Institutional Origins of “Workfarist” Social Policy

Between 1971 and 1975, congressional leaders quietly transformed the character and politics of public assistance in the United States. Three legislative initiatives were passed in quick succession and with little debate—the Talmadge Work Incentive amendments (WIN II), Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Although they drew little attention at the time, their combined impact was significant in two respects. First, by redefining the terms and target populations of income assistance, they established the elements of a workfarist approach to federal antipoverty policy, one that turned the ends and means of federal assistance away from traditional needs-based New Deal welfarism and toward the principle of rewarding, encouraging, and enforcing work. In addition, the initiatives helped to create the political capacity for subsequent retrenchment of traditional welfare programs, notably Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC).
A Fast Semidirect Method for Computing Transonic Aerodynamic Flows

A fast, semidirect, iterative computational method, previously introduced for finite-difference solution of subsonic and slightly supercritical flow over airfoils, is extended both to apply to strongly supercritical conditions and to include full second-order accuracy in computing inviscid flows over airfoils. The nonlinear small-disturbance equations are solved iteratively by a direct, linear, elliptic solver. General, fully conservative, type-dependent difference equations are formulated, including parabolic- and shock-point transition operators that provide consistency with the integral conservation laws. These equations specialize to either first-order or to fully second-order-accurate equations. Various free parameters are evaluated for rapid convergence of the first-order scheme. Resulting pressure distributions and computing times are compared with the improved Murman-Cole line-relaxation method.
Enhanced Local Symmetry Interactions Globally Stabilize a Mutant Virus Capsid That Maintains Infectivity and Capsid Dynamics

Structural transitions in viral capsids play a critical role in the virus life cycle, including assembly, disassembly, and release of the packaged nucleic acid. Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) undergoes a well-studied reversible structural expansion in vitro in which the capsid expands by 10%. The swollen form of the particle can be completely disassembled by increasing the salt concentration to 1 M. Remarkably, a single-residue mutant of the CCMV N-terminal arm, K42R, is not susceptible to dissociation in high salt (salt-stable CCMV [SS-CCMV]) and retains 70% of wild-type infectivity. We present the combined structural and biophysical basis for the chemical stability and viability of the SS-CCMV particles. A 2.7-A resolution crystal structure of the SS-CCMV capsid shows an addition of 660 new intersubunit interactions per particle at the center of the 20 hexameric capsomeres, which are a direct result of the K42R mutation. Protease-based mapping experiments of intact particles demonstrate that both the swollen and closed forms of the wild-type and SS-CCMV particles have highly dynamic N-terminal regions, yet the SS-CCMV particles are more resistant to degradation. Thus, the increase in SS-CCMV particle stability is a result of concentrated tethering of subunits at a local symmetry interface (i.e., quasi-sixfold axes) that does not interfere with the function of other key symmetry interfaces (i.e., fivefold, twofold, quasi-threefold axes). The result is a particle that is still dynamic but insensitive to high salt due to a new series of bonds that are resistant to high ionic strength and preserve the overall particle structure.
Fertility and development: the roles of schooling and family production

This paper presents a quantitative theory of development that highlights three mechanisms that relate schooling, fertility, and growth. First, we point out that in the early stages of development, fertility and schooling may rise together as the schooling of younger children increases their relative contribution to family income when they turn working age. Second, the model contains a supply-side theory of schooling that generates a rise in schooling independent of technological change. Third, we introduce a direct negative effect of industrialization on fertility that does not operate through human capital and the quantity-quality tradeoff. An initial quantitative assessment of the theoretical mechanisms is conducted by calibrating and applying the model to United States history from 1800 to 2000. We find that the demise in family production is an important factor reducing fertility in the 19th century and schooling of older children is dominant factor reducing fertility in the 20th century. The same model is applied to England from 1740 to 1940, where we offer two complimentary explanations for the rise in fertility from 1740 to 1820. The first is based on the rapid expansion in the cottage industry and the second on the increased relative productivity of children. We also find that the subsequent fall in fertility from 1820 to 1940 cannot be explained without introducing child labor/compulsory schooling laws.
Contests with multiple rounds

This paper studies contests where players have the flexibility to add to their previous efforts after observing their rivals’ most recent effort in an intermediate stage. It is found that (1) contrary to previous findings, the Stackelberg outcome where the underdog leads and the favorite follows cannot be an equilibrium. (2) There are multiple subgame perfect equilibria all occurring on the underdog’s usual one-shot reaction function in-between and including the one-shot Cournot–Nash and Stackelberg outcome with the favorite leading. (3) The total equilibrium effort is typically greater than or equal to what a one-shot Cournot–Nash play would predict; and (4) in settings where players can choose whether or not to disclose their early actions to the rival, both the favorite and the underdog disclose in equilibrium. Applications in sports, lobbying, and R&D races are discussed.
A framework for modelling non-steady-state concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds indoors – II. Interactions with particulate matter:

This paper describes a method for dynamic modelling of the interactions of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) with airborne and settled particulate matter in the indoor environment. As part of the framework for dynamic modelling of indoor SVOCs recently proposed by this author, this method is fully compatible with the other components in the framework. With reduced computational complexity, the method is more flexible than the existing dynamic models. Despite the uncertainties in some of the key parameters, the simulation results have revealed important information regarding the general behaviour of SVOC-particle interactions and the role of particulate matter in human exposure to indoor SVOCs.
The Mediating Role of Secular Coping Strategies in the Relationship Between Religious Appraisals and Adjustment to Chronic Pain: The Middle Road to Damascus

Despite an outgrowth in research examining associations between religiosity and health outcomes, there has been a lack of empirical focus on the relationship between religiosity and adjustment to chronic pain. This study investigated specific secular coping strategies that mediate the proposed relationship between religious appraisals and pain-related outcomes. Twenty-nine chronic pain patients completed measures assessing pain-related coping strategies, pain severity, disability, depression, positive and negative affect, trait anger and three types of religious appraisals- benevolent God appraisals, punishing God appraisals, and demonic appraisals. A significant positive relationship was found between punishing God appraisals and depression, with catastrophizing mediating this relationship. Demonic appraisals were significantly related to disability. Benevolent religious appraisals were related to positive affect. Benevolent religious appraisals were significantly related to the secular coping strategies of diverting attention, ignoring pain sensations, reinterpreting pain sensations and using coping self-statements, but these coping strategies did not mediate the relationship between benevolent religious appraisals and positive affect. While this study provides no evidence that religious appraisals influence pain perception, data suggest that both positive and negative religious appraisals are related to mental health outcomes in a chronic pain population.
Iron bioavailability in soybean meal as affected by supplemental phytase and 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol

An Fe depletion-repletion chick bioassay was conducted to determine whether supplemental microbial phytase or 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OH D3) would improve the bioavailability of Fe in soybean meal (SBM). Weight gain, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were markedly improved when increasing levels (0, 10, 20, and 80 mg/kg) of Fe from analytical grade ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) were added to the Fe-deficient casein-dextrose basal diet containing 20 mg Fe/kg. Addition of 19 mg Fe/kg from SBM to the basal diet improved (P < 0.05) hemoglobin and hematocrit, but the response was less than that obtained from 10 mg Fe/kg from FeSO4.7H2O. Phytase (1,430 units/kg), 1 alpha-OHD3 (10 micrograms/kg), or the combination, added to the SBM-fortified basal diet did not further improve hematocrit or hemoglobin, indicating that Fe bioavailability of SBM was not increased by either of these feed additives. Based on standard-curve methodology, and using hemoglobin as a criterion, the relative bioavailability of Fe was 38.5% for SBM, 21.0% for SBM+phytase, 23.2% for SBM+1 alpha-OHD3, and 29.2% for SBM+phytase+ 1 alpha-OHD3.
Time domain models for multiple time scale linear systems

We study the multiple time scales structure of linear systems of the form x = A0(?)x + B0(?)u y = C0(?)x with a view to obtaining 'approximate' lower order dynamical models valid at different time scales. Our development includes the classical two time-scale case. We use our results to study the robustness of the positive realness of linear systems systems under singular perturbations.
National trends in ED lacerations between 1992 and 2002

Abstract Objective National estimates of the number of lacerations are based on the number of wounds cared for in the emergency department (ED). However, this number includes wounds other than lacerations. We estimated the number and characteristics of lacerations treated in the United States between 1992 and 2002. Methods The design used was secondary analysis of National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (a weighted sample of ED encounters). Encounters with a laceration recorded as 1 of the 3 diagnosis codes (870-897) of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification for the visit were included. Data collection included demographics, wound location, insurance status, procedures performed, type of practitioner, and pain severity. For data analysis, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey databases for 1992 to 2002 were downloaded from its Web site and imported into SPSS 12.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Ill) for analysis. National estimates were obtained using assigned patient visit weights. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and group comparisons were performed with χ 2 tests using unweighted data. Rates were calculated using population data from the US census. Results There were 300715 patient encounters sampled from nearly 400 EDs resulting in an estimated 1.08 billion ED visits between 1992 and 2002. In the sample, 24755 patients (8.2%) had lacerations resulting in an estimated 90 million lacerations. Although the number of total ED visits increased annually during the study period (from 89.8 to 110.15 million), the number of lacerations declined (from 9.35 to 7.27 million). Lacerations were distributed on the upper extremity (35%), face (28%), trunk (14.5%), lower extremity (12.5%), and head and neck (10%). In 2002, about two thirds of the patients with a laceration were men, one third were children, and more than three fourths were white. Facial lacerations were more common in children (43% vs 20%; P P Conclusions Despite an increase in the total number of ED visits over the last decade, the number of lacerations has declined, as is less than previously estimated.
Scalable SMT-based verification of GPU kernel functions

Interest in Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) is skyrocketing due to their potential to yield spectacular performance on many important computing applications. Unfortunately, writing such efficient GPU kernels requires painstaking manual optimization effort which is very error prone. We contribute the first comprehensive symbolic verifier for kernels written in CUDA C. Called the 'Prover of User GPU programs (PUG),' our tool efficiently and automatically analyzes real-world kernels using Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) tools, detecting bugs such as data races, incorrectly synchronized barriers, bank conflicts, and wrong results. PUG's innovative ideas include a novel approach to symbolically encode thread interleavings, exact analysis for correct barrier placement, special methods for avoiding interleaving generation, dividing up the analysis over barrier intervals, and handling loops through three approaches: loop normalization, overapproximation, and invariant finding. PUG has analyzed over a hundred CUDA kernels from public distributions and in-house projects, finding bugs as well as subtle undocumented assumptions.
Congestion resulting from increased capacity in single-server queueing networks

In many networks for traffic and telecommunications, minimizing delays from entry to exit is a major concern of users. In user-optimal routing, each user chooses a path to minimize delay from entry to exit, given the existing paths chosen by all other users. Under user-optimal routing, at equilibrium all users experience the same delay. Many networks, especially data networks, are commonly modeled as networks of single-server queues. We report examples of single-server queueing networks with user-optimal routing in which adding servers or increasing the capacity of existing servers worsens the delay experienced by all users.
Congenital Defects of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

Nine congenital defects were seen in six animals during necropsies of 27 aborted or stillborn and 25 neonatal squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) during a two-year period. The defects were left diaphragmatic hypoplasia with herniation; right renal aplasia in conjunction with a right cleft lip and primary palate; supernumerary left kidney; skeletal defects, hydrocephalus, and thyroid anomalies consistent with the campomelic syndrome; atresia ani; and ultimobranchial gland remnants. The high incidence of congenital anomalies (4.9% of births and 11.5% of nonsurviving births) is consistent with a previous report of congenital defects in squirrel monkeys.
Endoscopic Resection of Ampullary Adenomas: Complications and Outcomes

Aim Ampullary adenomas have the potential to progress from benign to malignant lesions. Endoscopic ampullectomy as curative therapy has gained credibility as a safe and effective alternative to surgical resection. This study was designed to assess outcomes of endoscopic resection of ampullary neoplasms at a single center.
THERMAL RELATIONS OF FIVE SPECIES OF TROPICAL LIZARDS

The relation of a reptile's body temperature to that of the surrounding environment has been of considerable interest since the work of Cowles and Bogert (1944), and Bogert (1949a). These authors demonstrated that by behavioral methods reptiles were able to maintain their body temperature within a relatively narrow range. Reptiles, in other words, were shown to exhibit a degree of homeostasis in regard to their body temperature. The preferred or eccritic body temperature, was not the same for all the species studied. However, Bogert (op. cit.) demonstrated that lizards belonging to the same genus have similar body temperatures, while there may be marked differences between genera. Virtually all work reported for lizards has been with basking (heliothermic, Cowles, 1940) forms that gain heat from radiant energy. These heliothermic species raise their temperature above that of the surrounding air, and may achieve differences as great as 31 ? C between their body temperature and that of the surrounding air (Strelnikov, 1944; Pearson, 1954). With few exceptions (Inger, 1959; Bogert, 1949b) the species that have been studied are all temperate region forms, and actually the most intensively studied species have been from semiarid regions. In this investigation five Cuban species of the neotropical iguanid genus Anolis were studied in the field to determine their body temperatures and habitat temperatures. Two of the species were also studied in the laboratory to augment the findings in the field. The five species presented an opportunity to study thermal relations in tropical reptiles. As St. Girons and St. Girons (1956) emphasize, little is known about the thermal relations of tropical reptiles. The tropics represent the zone of the greatest abundance of species and individuals of reptiles. This abundance is in part attributable to the narrow temperature fluctuations of the lowand tropics where the temperature extremes of temperate and subtropical semiarid areas are never encountered. These five Cuban species represent an extraordinary example of habitat differentiation between closely related species in contiguous habitats. At the localities studied in central Cuba all five species are present, yet each is segregated in a specific ecological niche. As will be described below, the habitats range from the deep shaded portions of the forests, to the margins of the forests where filtered sunlight is present, to the open exposed habitats of the pastures and savannas.
The B-hordein prolamin family of barley

The spectrum of B-hordein prolamins and genes in the single barley cultivar Barke is described from an in silico analysis of 1452 B-hordein ESTs and available genomic DNA. Eleven unique B-hordein proteins are derived from EST contigs. Ten contigs encode apparent full-length B-hordeins and the eleventh contains a premature stop codon that will lead to a truncated B-hordein. The 11 sequences are placed within the two previously described classes, i.e., the B1- and B3-type B-hordeins. The number of ESTs assigned to each sequence is used as an estimate of relative gene transcription and expression. Three of the sequences account for 79% of the total ESTs, with one sequence comprises 32% of the total ESTs and has a variant C-terminus caused by an undefined sequence change history near the 3′ coding terminus. The 70× difference in EST distribution among sequences points to the importance of understanding differential rates of expression within closely related gene families. Analysis of available genomic sequenc...
Possible Genetic Component to the Etiology of Perigraft Hygromas

Perigraft hygroma is a known complication of prosthetic graft implantation. The specific etiology of perigraft hygromas is still unknown. We report 2 brothers who underwent open abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts that developed progressively enlarging perigraft hygromas. This is the first case report of 2 brothers developing sac hygromas after open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. This case demonstrates that there could be a genetic component associated with the development of perigraft hygromas and further investigation of genetic etiologies should be considered.
Participatory Design Research and Educational Justice: Studying Learning and Relations Within Social Change Making

This special issue brings together a set of articles by scholars working to expand equitable forms of learning and teaching that contribute to a socially just democracy—or what we might call “socia...
On the Electronic and Structural Properties of Small Clusters

A large interest has developed during the last five years on the physics and chemistry of small atomic aggregates in the size range of 2–100 atoms [1]. This was due to the advent of the laser vaporization technique to produce microclusters of a large variety of materials and to the advance in the direct experimental investigation of size-selected clusters in the gas phase [2]. The progress in cluster physics has provided new clues to surface science, especially in relation with research in catalysis and microelectronics. The study of the clusters in beam has also renewed the hope of obtaining better insight into fundamental questions, such as the evolution of the electronic and structural properties of a material with increasing size of the atomic aggregate, from the molecule to the solid.
Abstract 884: NSD3-short is an adaptor protein that couples BRD4 to the CHD8 chromatin remodeler

The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein BRD4 is a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we demonstrate that the AML maintenance function of BRD4 requires its interaction with NSD3, which belongs to a subfamily of H3K36 methyltransferases. Unexpectedly, AML cells were found to only require a short isoform of NSD3 that lacks the methyltransferase domain. We show that NSD3-short is an adaptor protein that sustains leukemia by linking BRD4 to the CHD8 chromatin remodeler, by utilizing a PWWP chromatin reader module, and by employing an acidic transactivation domain. Genetic targeting of NSD3 or CHD8 mimics the phenotypic and transcriptional effects of BRD4 inhibition. Furthermore, BRD4, NSD3, and CHD8 colocalize across the AML genome and are each released from super-enhancer regions upon chemical inhibition of BET bromodomains. These findings suggest that BET inhibitors exert therapeutic effects in leukemia by evicting BRD4-NSD3-CHD8 complexes from chromatin to suppress transcription. Citation Format: Chen Shen, Jonathan J. Ipsaro, Junwei Shi, Christopher R. Vakoc. NSD3-short is an adaptor protein that couples BRD4 to the CHD8 chromatin remodeler. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 884.
Embodied Minds: College Women’s Experience and the Panopticon of Higher Education

This article explores the ways in which women’s perceptions of their own bodies affect their experiences as students in higher education. Based on online focus group interviews with 25 college women, the authors use Foucault’s concept of the “Panopticon” to consider how students internalize and enforce gendered expectations related to ideal body types within college contexts. Centered in the belief that college is a time when people develop their identities, this study investigates how women students’ experiences in college are influenced by their embodied minds. We demonstrate how their feelings of being critically observed and judged influenced decisions related to their academic and social interactions as well as their academic success and feelings of belonging. The article concludes by urging educators and scholars to pay attention to the ways in which minds and bodies influence teaching and learning interactions.
Cardiovascular K ATP channels and advanced aging

With advanced aging, there is a decline in innate cardiovascular function. This decline is not general in nature. Instead, specific changes occur that impact the basic cardiovascular function, which include alterations in biochemical pathways and ion channel function. This review focuses on a particular ion channel that couple the latter two processes, namely the KATP channel, which opening is promoted by alterations in intracellular energy metabolism. We show that the intrinsic properties of the KATP channel changes with advanced aging and argue that the channel can be further modulated by biochemical changes. The importance is widespread, given the ubiquitous nature of the KATP channel in the cardiovascular system where it can regulate processes as diverse as cardiac function, blood flow and protection mechanisms against superimposed stress, such as cardiac ischemia. We highlight questions that remain to be answered before the KATP channel can be considered as a viable target for therapeutic intervention.
Preserving University of Minnesota Extension Publications: Lessons From a Long-Term Digitization and File Conversion Project

The University of Minnesota is part of the national network of land-grant institutions with a mission to address critical public issues through teaching, research and outreach. Extension delivers o...
An Immigrant Paradox? Contextual Attainment and Intergenerational Educational Mobility:

Numerous studies have revealed a seemingly paradoxical pattern in which, despite cultural differences, unfamiliarity with the educational system, and possible language difficulties, children of imm...
Torrefaction of sorghum biomass to improve fuel properties.

Abstract Torrefaction of energy sorghum and sweet sorghum bagasse was investigated at three different temperatures (250, 275 & 300 °C) for 30 min to determine product yields and its compositions. The torrefied solid yield ranged from 43% to 65% for sweet sorghum bagasse and 51–70% for energy sorghum. The energy density of both torrefied sorghums increased between 1.6 and 1.4 folds. Besides water, the acetic acid, with a maximum yield of 101.90 g L−1 was the dominant compound in the aqueous fraction of liquid products. The aqueous fraction from sweet sorghum bagasse contained furfural and furan carboxyl aldehydes, while ketones and alcohols were dominant from energy sorghum as other key compounds. Phenolic type chemicals and furan derivatives were the major compounds in the oil fraction of the liquid product, accounted up to 58 wt%. The condensable liquid products can be further upgraded into high-value platform chemicals.
Conditions conducive to forming crystalline uranyl silicates in high caustic nuclear waste evaporators

The laboratory conditions used to synthesize the uranyl silicate minerals are almost identical to the evaporator conditions under which high caustic nuclear wastes are processed to reduce total liquid waste volume. The only significant difference is in the sodium ion concentration in such caustic nuclear wastes, which typically averages ∼5.6 M Na + . The goal of this study was to experimentally determine whether uranium silicate minerals can be produced under nuclear waste evaporator conditions. If the formation of these uranium minerals is possible, it may not only lead to the clogging of the evaporators but also result in the accumulation of fissile 235 U and thus present a criticality problem. In this investigation, synthetic uranyl silicate minerals (sodium weeksite, sodium boltwoodite, and uranophane) were produced only under low Na + concentration (<0.02 M), while attempts to synthesize these same uranyl silicate minerals in the presence of high Na + concentration (high ionic strength reacting media), which is typical of caustic nuclear waste evaporator processing conditions, proved unfruitful. In the presence of high Na + concentration, the main product for the same soluble silica-uranium reaction mixture shifts toward the formation of mainly clarkeite (Na[(UO 2 )O(OH)](H 2 O) 0-1 ), a hydrated sodium uranate, and not toward the formation of uranyl silicates. Thus, the presence of high Na + concentration in the reaction mixture of dissolved uranium and silica inhibits or suppresses the formation of crystalline uranyl silicates. The conclusion is therefore made that evaporator fouling by uranyl silicate minerals is not easily attained under nuclear waste processing conditions because of the high Na + concentration in the liquid wastes.
Flume Findings on the Transverse Variation of Wide-Jam Thickness in a Bend

AbstractThis paper addresses the following questions: Does ice jam thickness vary transversely (across channel) in bends? If so, what processes cause such variation? The questions pertain to wide-j...
Multi-objective input signal design for plant-friendly identification

Abstract The choice of perturbation inputs is critical in the identification and model building exercise. One of the major objectives of system identification is accurate estimation of the system parameters. Accurate identification requires that the input be persistently exciting so as to excite all modes of interest. The practitioner would however prefer a 'plant friendly' input signal. Typically, in identification, an input is chosen based on some criteria. We propose a unified multi-objective formulation for the input design. The input can be evaluated as a solution to a constrained multi-objective optimization problem.
Investigating the Acquisition Activities of Superstar CEOs’ Competitors

This study proposes that CEOs may undertake intensive acquisition activities to increase their social recognition and status after witnessing their competitors’ winning CEO awards. Using a sample o...
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis on Markov models with uncertain transition probabilities: an application in evaluating treatment decisions for type 2 diabetes

Markov models are commonly used for decision-making studies in many application domains; however, there are no widely adopted methods for performing sensitivity analysis on such models with uncertain transition probability matrices (TPMs). This article describes two simulation-based approaches for conducting probabilistic sensitivity analysis on a given discrete-time, finite-horizon, finite-state Markov model using TPMs that are sampled over a specified uncertainty set according to a relevant probability distribution. The first approach assumes no prior knowledge of the probability distribution, and each row of a TPM is independently sampled from the uniform distribution on the row's uncertainty set. The second approach involves random sampling from the (truncated) multivariate normal distribution of the TPM's maximum likelihood estimators for its rows subject to the condition that each row has nonnegative elements and sums to one. The two sampling methods are easily implemented and have reasonable computation times. A case study illustrates the application of these methods to a medical decision-making problem involving the evaluation of treatment guidelines for glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes, where natural variation in a patient's glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is modeled as a Markov chain, and the associated TPMs are subject to uncertainty.
Using the Statistica Data Mining Workspace Method for Analysis of Hurricane Data (Hurrdata.sta)

In this tutorial, we will demonstrate how to do some preliminary data mining to classify Hurricanes using the “Data Miner Workspace” format in the software Statistica Version 13.0.
Flow cytometric minimal residual disease assessment of peripheral blood in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients has potential for early detection of relapsed extramedullary disease.

Objectives To evaluate peripheral blood (PB) for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Methods We analysed 76 matched bone marrow (BM) aspirate and PB specimens independently for the presence of ALL MRD by six-colour flow cytometry (FC). Results The overall rate of BM MRD-positivity was 24% (18/76) and PB was also MRD-positive in 22% (4/18) of BM-positive cases. We identified two cases with evidence of leukaemic cells in PB at the time of the extramedullary relapse that were interpreted as MRD-negative in BM. Conclusions The use of PB MRD as a non-invasive method for monitoring of systemic relapse may have added clinical and diagnostic value in patients with high risk of extramedullary disease.
The Pomeranchuk theorem and the Pomeranchuk-Okun rule

We point out that the so-called Pomeranchuk-Okun rule for the asymptotic vanishing of the charge-exchange amplitudes follows directly in many of the more interesting cases from asymptotic isospin invariance and the Pomeranchuk theorem. We also show that this combination of asymptotic internal invariance and the Pomeranchuk theorem yields many asymptotic cross-section relationships which are otherwise unobtainable.
Vision and Hearing Impairments

Upon completion of the chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Recognize the changes in vision and hearing that are considered to be part of normal aging and those secondary from disease. 2. Identify the most common age-associated disease changes in vision and hearing. 3. Describe the management considerations in visual and hearing impairment among older adults.