cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
317 PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH PROBLEMS, PRIMARY CARE INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HEALTH CARE ACCESS IN A MEDICALLY UNDERSERVED POPULATION.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to health care access among subjects living in a medically underserved area. Methods Focus groups were conducted on three topics: (1) perceptions of health care problems in the community, an emphasis on chronic diseases, (2) awareness of primary health care infrastructure, and (3) barriers to health care access. Purposeful sampling by zip code was used to determine either a community or health care provider recruitment site within the preestablished zip codes with over 20% of residents living at or below poverty. Primary data source was transcribed verbatim audiotapes of the focus group discussions and secondary data sources were field notes. The chronic care model (CCM) was used as a framework to evaluate participants9 perceptions of barriers to health care access. The CCM is applicable both to describe elements of a system with positive health outcomes and to identify elements of a health care system (HCS) that are not perceived or realized by its consumers. Analysis was completed using the constant comparison method with established interrater reliability. Results: Fifty-three persons participated in 13 focus groups. Most of the participants were African American. Over 85% had at least a high school education; 43.4% identified themselves as “self-pay” and 30.2% as having “private insurance” for health care; 24.5% identified health care payment source as Medicare, Medicaid, or a combination. In addition to usual barriers such as lack of transportation, prescription medication, and financial resources, other identified constructs were lack of understanding of preventive care, self-management support, and ability to navigate this HCS. Conclusions Through the lens of the CCM, elements believed to encourage high-quality care were not identified by these participants. Specifically, participants did not perceive a “practice team” for self-management support. Hence, evidence of participants9 knowledge of preventive care but not of an understanding of how to implement it into their lives. Participants9 experiences suggested that the CCM9s delivery system design structure was unconnected to consumers9 reality of environmental and social barriers. Therefore, this HCS influenced behaviors that did not support positive health outcomes, such as using the emergency department for primary care. Further investigation from the patients9 perspective of their current HCS may provide direction for individual systems to make improvements to chronic disease management.
Perioperative nursing care for the children with cyanotic congenital heart defects

Objective To explore the perioperative nursing care for the children with cyanotic congenital heart defects.Methods From 2005.1 to 2006.7,105 children patients with cyanotic congenital heart defects were treated,preoperative measures included collection of the blood sample correctly,prevention of hypoxic spells,postoperative measures included nursing care of respiratory tract,low cardiac output and the measurement of delayed sternal closure.Results Of 105 patients,101 were saved and recovered well after following up 3 months to 18 months,4 were dead.Conclusion Perioperative nursing care can improve the nursing quality and the success rate of the operation.
The uptake of amino acids by lipids of pseudomonas aeruginosa

The lipids of intact Pseudomonas aeruginosa resting cells were extracted and the weights of the lipid fractions determined. The phospholipids were found to comprise a major portion (80%) of the ether-soluble lipids. Chromatograms of the phospholipid complex on silicic acid-impregnated paper revealed at least six fractions. Two-dimensional chromatograms of the aqueous acid hydrolyzate of the phospholipids indicated the presence of at least 13 ninhydrin positive compounds. There was a correlation between the uptake of dl -alanine-1-C14, dl -leucine-1-C14, and dl -phenylalanine-3-Cl4 by phospholipids of the resting cells and utilization of these amino acids by the cell as indicated by manometric studies.
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm after medical prolactinoma treatment

Aneurysms of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are believed to have a low risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), given the confines of the dural rings and the anterior clinoid process. The risk may be greater when the bony and dural protection has been eroded. We report a case of spontaneous SAH from rupture of a cavernous ICA aneurysm in a patient whose large prolactinoma had markedly decreased in size as the result of cabergoline treatment. After passing a balloon test occlusion, the patient underwent successful endovascular vessel deconstruction. This case suggests that an eroding skull base lesion may distort normal anterior cranial base anatomy and allow communication between the cavernous ICA and subarachnoid space. The potential for SAH due to cavernous ICA aneurysm rupture should be recognised in patients with previous pituitary or other skull base lesions adjacent to the cavernous sinus.
Test chip design for optimal cell-aware diagnosability

Rapid yield learning in a new manufacturing process via test chips is greatly enhanced with a “Design for Diagnosis” methodology. Prior work on logic-based test chip design demonstrated an implementation flow that ensures 100% intra-cell fault coverage using a minimal test set. However, testability alone does not guarantee good diagnosability. Since diagnosis is inherently a function of design, it is crucial that the design flow ensures defect-level diagnosis resolution and accuracy. This work describes an enhanced implementation methodology for the Carnegie-Mellon Logic Characterization Vehicle (CM-LCV) that ensures optimal cell-aware diagnosability by design. Experiments comparing intra-cell defect diagnosability of the CM-LCV and various benchmark circuits demonstrate the efficacy.
Quantifying the effects of halogen bonding by haloaromatic donors on the acceptor pyrimidine

The effects of intermolecular interactions by a series of haloaromatic halogen bond donors on the normal modes and chemical shifts of the acceptor pyrimidine are investigated by Raman and NMR spectroscopies and electronic structure computations. Halogen bond interactions with pyrimidine's nitrogen atoms shift normal modes to higher energy and shift 1H and 13C NMR peaks upfield in adjacent nuclei. This perturbation of vibrational normal modes is reminiscent of the effects of hydrogen bonded networks of water, methanol, or silver on pyrimidine. The unexpected observation of vibrational red shifts and downfield 13C NMR shifts in some complexes suggests that other intermolecular forces such as pi-interactions are competing with halogen bonding. Natural bond orbital analyses indicate a wide range of charge transfer from pyrimidine to different haloaromatic donors is possible and computed halogen bond binding energies can be larger than a typical hydrogen bond. These results emphasize the importance in strategic selection of substituents and electron withdrawing groups in developing supramolecular structures based on halogen bonding.
ML for ML: Learning Cost Semantics by Experiment

It is an open problem in static resource bound analysis to connect high-level resource bounds with the actual execution time and memory usage of compiled machine code. This paper proposes to use machine learning to derive a cost model for a high-level source language that approximates the execution cost of compiled programs on a specific hardware platform. The proposed technique starts by fixing a cost semantics for the source language in which certain constants are unknown. To learn the constants for a specific hardware, a machine learning algorithm measures the resource cost of a set of training programs and compares the cost with the prediction of the cost semantics. The quality of the learned cost model is evaluated by comparing the model with the measured cost on a set of independent control programs. The technique has been implemented for a subset of OCaml using Inria’s OCaml compiler on an Intel x86-64 and ARM 64-bit v8-A platform. The considered resources in the implementation are heap allocations and execution time. The training programs are deliberately simple, handwritten micro benchmarks and the control programs are retrieved from the standard library, an OCaml online tutorial, and local OCaml projects. Different machine learning techniques are applied, including (weighted) linear regression and (weighted) robust regression. To model the execution time of programs with garbage collection (GC), the system combines models for memory allocations and executions without GC, which are derived first. Experiments indicate that the derived cost semantics for the number of heap allocations on both hardware platforms is accurate. The error of the cost semantics on the control programs for the x86-64 architecture for execution time with and without GC is about 19.80% and 13.04%, respectively. The derived cost semantics are combined with RAML, a state-of-the-art system for automatically deriving resource bounds for OCaml programs. Using these semantics, RAML is for the first time able to make predictions about the actual worst-case execution time.
Artifacts, Contaminants, and Mimics in Cytology

Changes related to artifacts and contaminants can mimic pathologic findings and constitute distractions in the evaluation of cytologic specimens from patients of all ages. In particular, degenerative and artifactual changes in normal cells can result in diagnostic confusion with malignancies, and a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic elements can mimic infectious agents. Distinguishing these and other artifactual changes from true pathologic findings is sometimes challenging but is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the patient. The aim of this chapter is to share experience, tips, and illustrations that may help to increase familiarity with artifacts and contaminants commonly encountered in cytologic specimens and, thus, decrease the likelihood of diagnostic errors.
Molecular Design Principles for Magneto-Electric Materials: All-Electric Susceptibilities Relevant to Optimal Molecular Chromophores

Magneto-electric (M-E) response at the molecular level arises from the interaction of matter with the electric and magnetic fields of light, and can manifest itself as nonlinear M-E magnetization (MNL) or M-E rectification (PNL). However, there is presently a limited understanding of how molecular material properties impact M-E response. Here we investigate the relationship between M-E nonlinear coefficients and the third-order electric susceptibility, χ(3), finding that MNL is proportional to χxxxx(3) while PNL scales with χzzxx(3) due to a cascaded nonlinearity. By applying a sum-over-states (SOS) expression for the elements of χ(3) to valence-bond charge-transfer (VB-CT) models, we formulate practical guidelines for the design of materials expected to exhibit enhanced M-E properties. On this basis, we predict that many conventional nonlinear optical chromophores with large values of χxxxx(3) may be suitable for generating optical magnetism at low intensities. In the case of M-E rectification, analysis ...
A review of self-organising 2,5- and 2,4-disubstituted 1,3-thiazole-containing materials: synthesis, mechanisms and tactics

ABSTRACT2,5- and 2,4-disubstituted 1,3-thiazoles have been incorporated as core units in thermotropic liquid crystalline materials. However, synthetic approaches to these systems have been somewhat limited, and this is reflected in the relatively few reports of these mesogenic systems. This paper highlights both recent and well-established synthetic approaches to these systems using ring closure (Gabriel- and Hantzsch-type approaches) methodology and modifications of an intact 1,3-thiazole ring. The scope and limitations of each of these approaches are discussed.
Abstract 5367: Ngago: no evidence of targeted endonuclease activity

The development of a versatile and easy to use genome editing tool based on the bacterial CRISPR/Cas9 system has led to a vast increase in applications of genome editing in laboratories around the world. As an extremely powerful and versatile tool it has facilitated important discoveries in both basic and translational research as well as in a potentially wide range of therapeutic applications. Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute (NgAgo) protein was described as a favorable alternative to Cas9 due to its simplicity and higher endonuclease specificity. Thus far, there are no formal reports documenting the success of NgAgo in other laboratory settings and cellular systems. Utilizing the identical cellular background and protocol that was made publicly available by the authors of the initial study, we were unable to reproduce the endonuclease function of NgAgo. These results do not support the role of NgAgo in gene editing experiments. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Sabine Topka, Sara Kazzaz, Kenneth Offit, Vijai Joseph. Ngago: no evidence of targeted endonuclease activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5367. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5367
Test-retest variability of cyclodeviations measured using the double Maddox rod test.

The double Maddox rod test is often used to measure cyclodeviations and to monitor change over time. The purpose of this study was to estimate test–retest reliability and the amount of cyclodeviation that would be considered real change using 95% limits of agreement. We retrospectively studied 86 clinically stable patients with double Maddox rod measurements 5-175 days apart (median, 69 days). The range of cyclodeviation at the first measurement was 6° incyclodeviation to 15° excyclodeviation. We calculated the half width of the 95% limits of agreement to be 4.7°, which means that a change of ≥5° in cyclodeviation would be considered a real change. The threshold of 5° should be used when assessing change between two measurements made with double Maddox rods.
Big Data and the Innovation Cycle

Big data and the related methodologies could have great impacts on operations and supply chain management. Such impacts could be realized through innovations leveraging big data. The innovations can be described as first improving existing processes in operations through better tools and methods; second expanding the value propositions through expansive usage or incorporating data not available in the past; and third allowing companies to create new processes or business models to serve customers in new ways. This study describes this framework of the innovation cycle.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma: identifying PTEN expression on multiphasic MDCT.

To investigate whether multiphasic MDCT enhancement profiles can help to identify PTEN expression in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). Lack of PTEN expression is associated with worsened overall survival, a more advanced Fuhrman grade, and a greater likelihood of lymph mode metastasis. With IRB approval for this retrospective study, we derived a cohort of 103 histologically proven ccRCCs with preoperative 4-phase renal mass MDCT from 2001–2013. Following manual segmentation, a computer-assisted detection algorithm selected a 0.5-cm-diameter region of maximal attenuation within each lesion in each phase; a 0.5-cm-diameter region of interest was manually placed on uninvolved renal cortex in each phase. The relative attenuation of each lesion was calculated as [(Maximal lesion attenuation − cortex attenuation)/cortex attenuation] × 100. Absolute and relative attenuation in each phase were compared using t tests. The performance of multiphasic enhancement in identifying PTEN expression was assessed with logistic regression analysis. PTEN-positive and PTEN-negative ccRCCs both exhibited peak enhancement in the corticomedullary phase. Relative corticomedullary phase attenuation was significantly greater for PTEN-negative ccRCCs in comparison to PTEN-positive ccRCCs (33.7 vs. 9.5, p = 0.03). After controlling for lesion stage and size, relative corticomedullary phase attenuation had an accuracy of 84% (86/103), specificity of 100% (84/84), sensitivity of 11% (2/19), positive predictive value of 100% (2/2), and negative predictive value of 83% (84/101) in identifying PTEN expression. Relative corticomedullary phase attenuation may help to identify PTEN expression in ccRCCs, if validated prospectively.
The relationship between stress and the development of breast cancer: a literature review.

Purpose/objectives To review literature that explores the relationship between stress and the development of breast cancer and investigates the immune system as a possible mediator. Personality traits, response to stress, and stressful life events are considered. Data sources Published articles, book chapters, books, and workbooks from nursing and medical literature. Data synthesis Studies show that a relationship exists between stress and the development of breast cancer. Most of the literature describes this relationship according to the patient's personality traits, her response to stress, or the occurrence of stressful life events. The immune system may mediate the physiologic influence of stress on breast cancer. Conclusions Although the difficulty of measuring stress makes it difficult to demonstrate a tangible relationship between stress and breast cancer, studies reveal that stress is related to breast cancer in various ways. Dealing positively with stress may improve the quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Implications for nursing practice Nurses must understand the ubiquitous nature of stress and its relationship to breast cancer. Although they may not be able to prevent stress, patients can learn techniques (e.g., stress management, social support, communication, laughing and crying) to deal with it positively.
Children in Cooperation and Competition

This chapter first considers several theoretical issues on the conceptualization of competition and cooperation, considerations that were particularly salient in guiding our research. Those concerns have generalizability to group interaction, as we demonstrate here by a focus on interpersonal classroom dynamics.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Detection of Alzheimer Disease in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

There is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the detection of progressive dementias in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These tests carry the risk of overdiagnosis of dementia and, therefore, overtreatment.
Socialism Russian Style

We have defined socialism as an institutionalized policy of redistribution of property titles. More precisely, it is a transfer of property titles from people who have actually put scarce means to some use or who have acquired them contractually from persons who have done so previously onto persons who have neither done anything with the things in question nor acquired them contractually. For a highly unrealistic world—the Garden of Eden—I then pointed out the socio-economic consequences of such a system of assigning property rights were then pointed out: a reduction of investment in human capital and increased incentives for the evolution of nonproductive personality types.
Psychometric evaluation of the MSU CAM health literacy scale.

Abstract Background/Purpose The rise in the use of alternative health care approaches (CAM) increases the need for adequate health literacy. The MSU Health Literacy Scale was developed to measure CAM health literacy. Psychometric evaluation of the scale is presented in this article. Methods A test retest design was utilized and data from this instrument evaluation research project were used to explore the validity and several forms of reliability of the MSU Health Literacy Scale. The data analysis was based on the scores of 241 individuals at the T1 data collection and the scores of 188 at the T2 administration of the instrument. Results There were significant correlations between the MSU CAM Health Literacy Scale and Newest Vital Sign (r = 0.330 p = .000) and with a single question health literacy measure (r = .255 (p = .000). Cronbach’s alphas were adequate for each administration of the scale (T1 = .774 and T2 = .754). The correlation of scores between the T1 administration and the T2 administration were significant (r = .696 (p = .000). Conclusions This psychometric evaluation provides confirmation of convergent validity and stable reliability. The scale can be used in future research and clinical endeavors.
Presidential Selection, Salaries, and Moral Leadership

The university president, by almost any measure, is the most influential and important role in higher education. Selecting a president is the most important duty of governing boards; however, the long-standing traditions for selecting presidents are leading to an increased turnover and more failed presidencies. This chapter calls for greater succession planning and preparation for these leadership roles. It also takes strong exception to lavish salaries and compensation packages that are totally inconsistent with the values of public higher education and the salary structures on their campuses. The chapter also makes the case for stronger moral leadership from university presidents and points out that this need is attracting greater attention and growing stronger. University governing boards have their work cut out for them in strengthening the process of presidential selection, setting appropriate levels of compensation, and restoring public confidence in higher education and its leadership.
Effects of thermo-mechanical processing on precipitate evolution in Ni-rich high temperature shape memory alloys

Abstract NiTiHf-based high temperature shape memory alloys have attracted considerable attention for their high temperature (>115 °C) reversible phase transformations. Additionally, the shape memory response of the material can be tailored based on microstructure. In the case of Ni-rich NiTiHf shape memory alloys, this response can be tuned with the formation of a nano-phase that can increase the transformation temperature as well as improve mechanical properties. However, NiTiHf-based shape memory alloys are not without their drawbacks, such as difficulty in processing and controlling of nano-precipitation. In this study, the thermo-mechanical processability of a Ni-rich NiTiHf high temperature shape memory alloy, Ni50.5Ti34.5Hf15, is presented. Samples are hot-rolled to 25% and 50% reductions and then further heat treated at 550 and 750 °C to examine the formation of H-phase nano-precipitates. The size and morphology of the nano-precipitates is examined using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction during in situ heat treatments and compared with high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM) results from ex situ heat treated samples. Changes in transformation temperatures due to the thermo-mechanical processing are determined from differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Results from this study show that SR-XRD can be used to estimate the size and observe the growth and coarsening behavior of H-phase nano-precipitates.
Validation of an Online Screener, the Mediterranean Eating Pattern for Americans-III in Older Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

AbstractMediterranean diet accordance has been associated with slower rates of cognitive decline, a common feature in more advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, a brief tool was needed to monito...
Systematic approach for the design of flight simulator studies

The examination of commercial pilot workload often requires the use of controlled simulated studies to identify causal effects. The specific scenarios to consider within a simulator study require a...
Association Between Hospital Volume, Processes of Care, and Outcomes in Patients Admitted With Heart Failure: Insights From Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure.

Background:Hospital volume is frequently used as a structural metric for assessing quality of care, but its utility in patients admitted with acute heart failure (HF) is not well characterized. Acc...
Developing Leaders and Scholars in Health Care Improvement: The VA Quality Scholars Program Competencies.

Despite the need for leaders in health care improvement across health professions, there are no standards for the knowledge and skills that should be achieved through advanced interprofessional health care improvement training. Existing health care improvement training competencies focus on foundational knowledge expected of all trainees or for specific career pathways. Health care improvement leaders fill multiple roles within organizations and promote interprofessional improvement practice. The diverse skill set required of modern health care improvement leaders necessitates the development of training competencies specifically for fellowships in applied health care improvement.The authors describe the development of the revised national Veterans Affairs Quality Scholars (VAQS) Program competencies. The VAQS Program is an interprofessional, postdoctoral training program whose mission is to develop leaders and scholars to improve health care. An interprofessional committee of VAQS faculty reviewed and revised the competencies over 4 months beginning in fall 2018. The first draft was developed using 111 competencies submitted by eleven VAQS training sites and a review of published competencies. The final version included 22 competencies spanning 5 domains: interprofessional collaboration and teamwork; improvement and implementation science; organization and system leadership; methodological skills and analytic techniques for improvement and research; and teaching and coaching.Once attained, the VAQS competencies will guide the skill development that interprofessional health care improvement leaders need to participate in and lead health care improvement scholarship and implementation. These broad competencies are relevant to advanced training programs that develop health care improvement leaders and scholars and may be used by employers to understand the knowledge and skills expected of individuals who complete advanced fellowships in applied health care improvement.
Controlling light and its interaction with matter at exceptional points

One of the most notable property of non-Hermitian systems is the emergence of spectral degeneracies known as exceptional points where complex eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates of the system coalesce. The presence of an exceptional point affects the system’s behavior significantly, leading to nontrivial physics with interesting features. In this talk, I will present the progress in our experimental and theoretical studies towards a better understanding of the control of light and its interaction with matter at exceptional points for realizing photonic and phononic devices with novel functionalities.
Fracture behavior of additively printed ABS: Effects of print architecture and loading rate

Abstract Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is an inexpensive amorphous thermoplastic used for Additive Manufacturing (AM) of engineering parts. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is commonly used to 3D print ABS, and it involves layer-by-layer deposition of melted thermoplastic wire through a heated nozzle along predetermined paths. The individual layers can also be configured differently and could introduce mechanical anisotropy into the final part in terms of weak planes between individual beads and layers even when the feedstock is isotropic. In this context, this research examines the dynamic fracture behaviors of three different print architectures, namely [0°/90°]n, [45°/−45°]n and [0°/45°/90°/−45°]n in-plane orientations, under stress-wave loading conditions and compares the results with the quasi-static counterparts. The dynamic experiments are carried out using a modified-Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. The full-field measurement of in-plane displacements are performed using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and ultrahigh-speed photography of V-notched specimens subjected to stress-wave loading. A novel method of analyzing DIC data by transferring it to a finite element environment to compute the J-integral using prevailing domain integral algorithms is introduced. Distinct crack initiation and growth behaviors with different failure modes are observed in the three architectures under static and dynamic loading conditions despite the macroscale elastic isotropy. The results favor [0°/45°/90°/−45°]n architecture due to a better crack growth behavior relative to the other two, raising the possibility of fracture performance enhancement by tailoring the build architecture.
Acetazolamide for central sleep apnea: teaching an old drug new tricks?

Citation:Brown LK. Acetazolamide for central sleep apnea: teaching an old drug new tricks? J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(6):1153–1155.
Towards Resilience for Multi-Agent QD-Learning.

This paper considers the multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problem for a networked (peer-to-peer) system in the presence of Byzantine agents. We build on an existing distributed $Q$-learning algorithm, and allow certain agents in the network to behave in an arbitrary and adversarial manner (as captured by the Byzantine attack model). Under the proposed algorithm, if the network topology is $(2F+1)$-robust and up to $F$ Byzantine agents exist in the neighborhood of each regular agent, we establish the almost sure convergence of all regular agents' value functions to the neighborhood of the optimal value function of all regular agents. For each state, if the optimal $Q$-values of all regular agents corresponding to different actions are sufficiently separated, our approach allows each regular agent to learn the optimal policy for all regular agents.
Abstract PO-095: Intrinsic and acquired resistance to RIG-I induced anti-tumor responses

The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer orchestrating tumor progression and response to therapeutics. Strategies to manipulate the tumor immune microenvironment are invaluable to complement current standard of care treatments. Recently, approaches to target Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that recognize intracellular and extracellular pathogens have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance immune recognition of tumors. Among the PRRs, intracellular receptors that recognize DNA and RNA in the cells are unique in their ability to respond to both pathogenic and ‘self’ nucleic acids that are generated as a result of aberrant cell division/transcription. We previously showed that targeting a cytosolic DNA sensor three prime exonuclease 1 (TREX1) enhanced immune responses in mouse tumor models including colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). Here we show that a cytosolic RNA sensing pathway, Retinoic acid Induced Gene 1 (RIG-I) acts as a robust immune activator across cancer types by enhancing the cellular and molecular correlates of anti-tumor immune responses. Using a stem loop hairpin RNA structure derived from a H1N1 sequence we elicited a potent RIG-1 response in CRC and breast cancers. Interestingly, activation of RIG also increased expression of TREX1 revealing potential cross-talk between the two pathways. We show that activation of tumor cell RIG-I alone is sufficient to decrease tumor burden with a concomitant broad cellular and molecular anti-tumor response. We observed a group of negative regulators of immune responses, including the NKG2a ligand - HLA-E, mono PARPs and the inhibitory checkpoint protein LAG3, are upregulated in RIG high tumors in cell culture, mouse and human tumors indicating how RIG-I high tumors may develop resistance to immune killing. Combination of RIG-I agonists synergized with inhibition of these resistance mechanisms in a tumor and context dependent manner. To understand intrinsic resistance to RIG signaling, we performed a focused RNAi screen and identified critical positive and negative modulators of RIG-I function in tumor cells. Taken together, our findings illustrate how tumor cell RIG-I is a potent inducer of cellular and molecular immune responses. Our work also highlights tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that confer resistance to RIG-I induced anti-tumor responses and provide strategies to mitigate such resistance. Citation Format: Sudarshan Anand, Eugenia Fraile-Bethencourt, Sokchea Khou. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to RIG-I induced anti-tumor responses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-095.
Enteral ventilation via anus: You can hold your breath

Okabe et al. 1 present data from animal models of acute hypoxia showing that oxygen-carrying liquid applied to the distal gut improves oxygenation and prolongs survival. This opens the possibility of recruiting the distal gut to aid when mechanical ventilation of the lungs is inadequate.
On the Radiative and Dynamical Feedbacks over the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue

Abstract An analysis of the climatic feedbacks in the NCAR Community Climate Model, version 3 (CCM3) over the equatorial Pacific cold tongue is presented. Using interannual signals in the underlying SST, the radiative and dynamical feedbacks have been calculated using both observations and outputs from the NCAR CCM3. The results show that the positive feedback from the greenhouse effect of water vapor in the model largely agrees with that from observations. The dynamical feedback from the atmospheric transport in the model is also comparable to that from observations. However, the negative feedback from the solar forcing of clouds in the model is significantly weaker than the observed, while the positive feedback from the greenhouse effect of clouds is significantly larger. Consequently, the net atmospheric feedback in the CCM3 over the equatorial cold tongue region is strongly positive (5.1 W m−2 K−1), while the net atmospheric feedback in the real atmosphere is strongly negative (−6.4 W m−2 K−1). A furt...
Re‐engineering information technology

Addresses the need for re‐engineering information systems (IS) in a rapidly changing environment, and the urgency of doing this to meet current and future needs of organizations whose existence is dependent on coping with rapidly changing requirements. Implicit in this view is the need for restructuring the industry to meet new applications including the creation of software for an era that has not quite arrived. Stresses the interdependence of technical, organizational, and human aspects in the integration of a broad range of new methodologies and tools needed to create software for the balance of this century. Re‐engineering is the examination and alteration of a system to reconstitute it in a new form and the subsequent implementation of the new form. Looks into the major management alternatives or options with particular focus on functional and information managers and their organizations.
Knowing How: Essays on Knowledge, Mind, and Action

Contributors Acknowledgments The State of Play 1. Two Conceptions of Mind and Action: Knowing How and the Philosophical Theory of Intelligence, John Bengson and Marc A. Moffett Part I Ryle's Legacy 2. Rylean Arguments: Ancient and Modern, Paul F. Snowdon 3. Ryle's Knowing How and Knowing How to Act , Jennifer Hornsby Part II Philosophical Considerations 4. Practical Expertise, Julia Annas 5. Knowing How Without Knowing That, Yuri Cath 6. Knowledge How: A Unified Account, Berit Brogaard 7. Non-propositional Intellectualism, John Bengson and Marc A. Moffett 8. Ideology and the Third Realm (Or, a Short Essay on Knowing How to Philosophize), Alva Noe Part III The Linguistic Perspective 9. How to Resolve How To, Jonathan Ginzburg 10. Knowing How and Knowing Answers, David Braun 11. Knowledge Ascription by Grammatical Construction, Laura A. Michaelis Part IV Implications and Applications: The Broader Context 12. Knowing How and Epistemic Injustice, Katherine Hawley 13. Knowing What It Is Like, Michael Tye 14. Linguistic Knowledge, Michael Devitt 15. Inference, Deduction, Logic, Ian Rumfitt References
GMM: A flexible framework for including multiple approximation functions in integral equation solvers

We present a highly flexible framework that permits easy hybridization of multiple basis function spaces, within the same simulation domain, for use in solution of integral equations. The method is constructed using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), that uses overlapping domains and a partition of unity functions defined on these domains to ensure continuity of currents. We leverage this feature to construct a method that combines arbitrary classes of basis functions on neighboring regions of a PEC scattering surface. Because the continuity of surface currents is inherent in the GMM description, basis sets may be chosen according to local physical and geometrical requirements, permitting engineering of function spaces for optimal representation. In this paper, we present example simulations that achieve hybridization with RWG basis functions. Examples of hybridization with other functions will be presented at the conference.
Development and evaluation of a rapid and simple procedure for detection of Pneumocystis carinii by PCR.

We report the development of a simplified PCR-based assay for the detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in clinical specimens. The adoption of a rapid DNA extraction procedure and the introduction of a type of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for PCR product detection enabled this procedure to be carried out in a single working day in a clinical microbiology laboratory. The PCR assay was prospectively compared with an immunofluorescent-antibody (FA) staining method for the detection of P. carinii in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens. The results of the study showed that, for induced sputum specimens, FA staining had a sensitivity of 78% (32 of 41 specimens) and a specificity of 100% (166 of 166 specimens); PCR was 100% (41 of 41 specimens) sensitive and 98% (162 of 166 specimens) specific. For BAL specimens, FA staining was 100% sensitive (21 of 21 specimens) and 100% specific (133 of 133 specimens), and PCR had a sensitivity of 100% (21 of 21 specimens) and a specificity of 99% (132 of 133 specimens). These results strongly suggest that use of our PCR-based assay could effect clinically useful improvements in the sensitivity of induced sputum specimens for the detection of P. carinii. Images
Hydrogen bonding: Part 19. IR and NMR study of the lower hydrates of choline fluoride and acetylcholine chloride

Abstract Acetylcholine chloride, like choline chloride, forms a liquid salt dihydrate, and a crystalline monohydrate that only exists at reduced pressure; at atmospheric pressure the monohydrate disproportionates into liquid dihydrate and anhydrous acetylcholine chloride. Both choline and acetylcholine chlorides give endothermic dissolution in water. In contrast, choline fluoride gives exothermic dissclution in water, and forms an extra-ordinarily stable monohydrate in which choline cation hydroxyls form strong hydrogen bonds to an H 4 O 2 F 2− 2 cluster anion. Since the hydration behavior of choline fluoride is like that of unsubstituted tetraalkylammonium fluorides, the unusual hydration behavior of choline and acetyline chlorides results from the presence of chloride ion, and is not an intrinsic property of cholinergic cations.
Should we routinely place atrial leads to reduce inappropriate defibrillator shocks

Eliminating inappropriate shocks is one of the most vexing challenges for clinicians and patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD). Though a frustration for physicians, inappropriate shocks are a source of despair and fear for patients. Inappropriate shocks often lead to burdensome emergency rooms visits, medication changes or interventions such as atrioventricular node ablation or device modifications. Inappropriate therapies were once seen as an unavoidable price for a life-saving technology. However, we are learning that ICD shocks are associated with significant anxieties and depression, and perhaps reduced survival.1 The associated increase in posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression, often brings desperate patients to request that all of their ICD therapies be disabled. Technological advances and the use of ICDs in younger, more vital patients bring the reasonable expectation that inappropriate therapies—especially shocks—should be minimized if not eliminated. Early methods such as simple rate cutoff adjustments and measurements of rate stability have evolved to analysis of the electrogram morphology or the atrioventricular relationship of a given arrhythmia. Two philosophies guide the decision to place an atrial lead to employ atrioventricular detection algorithms. First, some physicians routinely place an atrial lead in their ICD patients to hopefully reduce inappropriate shocks in a population with high rates of atrial arrhythmias. This is usually simple and involves a small increase in procedure time. However, there may be shortand long-term consequences of having these additional components. An analysis of the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) demonstrated a 45% increase in complications in patients receiving dual-chamber versus single-chamber ICDs.2 Additionally, as patients live longer with heart disease, they are surviving beyond the lifespan of their ICD components. With this comes lead replacements or extractions for both the inevitable and unexpected breakdown of these components. Recent lead recalls have
It’s Not Me, It’s You: The Disconnect of Physical Education Teachers to Physical Activity in the Gym

American adults and an increasing number of children, are not meeting the recommended amounts of daily physical activity. Research has documented the effects of low activity on health and increasingly new research has shown that low activity levels now impact academic achievement. Physical education (PE) can play an important role if the children participating are obtaining enough physical activity while in class and the PE program has not been targeted with cutbacks. The purpose of this study was to identify the amount and intensity of activity in PE classes. The results indicate that on average students at all levels are not meeting the activity requirements. In addition, PE teachers’ perceptions of physical activity in their own class does not match actual activity levels. PE teachers must do a better job of increasing activity levels in their classrooms. Mounting research indicates students perform better academically if they are physically active. PE is the only subject where teachers can organize activities that meet both activity and intensity requirements.
Electrochemical atomic layer deposition of a CdTe/PbTe superlattice for the absorber layer of a solar cell

Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition (ECALD) has been used to deposit CdTe and PbTe thin films. CdTe and PbTe are of interest in forming a superlattice structure to be used in the absorber layer of a solar cell. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the Underpotential Deposition (UPD) of the constituent compounds. Pb was grown at a constant −0.35V vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode‥ Te deposition potential was varied from −0.55V to −0.4V. Cd was deposited at −0.55V and Te was deposited at −0.8V. The coverage of the films was estimated using the coulometry method. The chemical composition of the films was characterized using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) on a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The crystallinity of the films was studied using a glancing angle x-ray diffractometer. The bandgaps of the films were determined using optical reflection data.
An Evaluation of the Accuracy of Computer Assisted Surgery in Preoperatively Three Dimensionally Planned Periacetabular Osteotomies

Adults with unresolved developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) often warrant Pelvic Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO). Making the correct osteotomies, and then finding the “ideal” position of the acetabular fragment is difficult, even for the experienced surgeon. Due to its 3-D nature, need for precision, and limited direct visualization of the surgical site, the PAO procedure is a good candidate for Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS). Using CAS, a virtual image is created, which is then used to navigate through the procedure in real time. Improved imaging hardware, along with intra-operative navigation systems have the potential to reduce complication rates, and lessen the learning curve in the inexperienced surgeon. PAO cuts have been made using intra-operative navigation and acetabular fragments have been positioned in pre-operative computer models. As of yet, modeled PAO cuts have not been used to navigate intraoperative cuts. Furthermore, modeled acetabular positioning has not been combined with intra-operative navigation to position fragments. The aim of this study is to prove the utility of pre-operative 3D imaging, PAO osteotomy planning and acetabular fragment positioning with computer software. These modeled images can be used to complete highly accurate and effective PAO surgeries.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Ligand-dependent cholesterol interactions with the human A(2A) adenosine receptor.

Abstract We present nearly 10 μs of all-atom simulation data of a G-protein coupled receptor, the human A2A adenosine receptor, bound to four different ligands. Our focus is on binding of cholesterol to the “cholesterol consensus motif,” a cluster of five amino acids on the second and fourth transmembrane helices, which interact with two cholesterols in the intracellular leaflet of the bilayer. We find evidence for a ligand-specific interaction between the CCM and cholesterol, mediated by the rotameric dynamics and configuration of Trp129. Binding of the synthetic agonist UK432097 disrupts hydrogen bonding between Trp129 and Ser47, which activates the rotameric dynamics of Trp129 and disrupts the interaction with one of the two cholesterols. We also investigate the effect of four thermostabilizing mutations, three of which are located on helix two. The conformational stability of helix two has been proposed to be sensitive to interaction with cholesterol in the CCM, suggesting a mechanism for the thermostabilization. However, our data are instead suggestive of a force-field dependent “straightening” of helix two, and therefore offer no basis for rationalizing the effect of the quadruple mutant.
Doing tangible, applied, community based marine restoration in the U.S.: the TNC/CRP experience

The Nature Conservancy's work in coastal and ocean restoration utilizes tangible, science-oriented practical conservation accomplished to a significant extent through local field sites. Recently, a Community-based Restoration Program (CRP, a partnership with NOAA) is producing innovative environmental action and results. CRP is also part of the new marine initiative at TNC which is elevating coasts and oceans to one of five cross-cutting global priority areas. Case studies of CRP work include 15 sites such as at a North Carolina Oyster Reef, a Delaware Horseshoe Crab beach site where coarse aggregate is added to a formerly replenished beach, a New York Hard Clam Spawner Sanctuary, and for example Florida Keys Diadema Restoration. Year 2 sites are just beginning, some of which are partnerships with local environmental umbrella groups representing a number of conservation NGOs. TNC will solicit new proposals in Spring 2003 for Year 3 CRP projects, with an ongoing emphasis to fund sites that are community-based, that engage in tangible restoration, protect marine habitats and ecosystems, and serve as models for future action. Looking ahead, practical lessons learned in marine conservation at diverse CRP sites may be applied to leverage greater results around the US and globally.