cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attachment strips: a new type of hemidesmosome-like structure in the protozoon Katablepharis ovalis Skuja

Katablepharis ovalis Skuja is a free-living unicellular flagellate with a phagocytic mode of nutrition. Each cell has one or two hemidesmosome-like attachment strips consisting of electron-dense ridges that pass through the plasma membrane to end at the inner wall. Each attachment strip occurs over a group of microtubules of the cytoskeleton and, like the cytoskeleton, is oriented along the long axis of the cell. The attachment strips occur only over the medial area of the cell and are not found over the anterior one-third or posterior one-sixth of the cell. The attachment strips appear to function like hemidesmosomes, attaching the cell to the extracellular matrix. However, the attachment strips in Katablepharis do not have the cytoplasmic component of hemidesmosomes, e.g. fibrils and electron-dense plaques. Among unicellular organisms, hemidesmosomes have been previously reported only in trypanosomes, where hemidesmosomes on an expanded flagellum attach the parasite to the cuticle of the alimentary canal of the insect host. The possible relationship between the attachment strips in Katablepharis and the hemidesmosomes in trypanosomes is discussed.
Effect of Flexible Duty Hour Policies on Length of Stay for Complex Intra-Abdominal Operations: A Flexibility in Duty Hour Requirements for Surgical Trainees (FIRST) Trial Analysis.

Background Changes to resident duty hour policies in the Flexibility in Duty Hour Requirements for Surgical Trainees (FIRST) trial could impact hospitalized patients' length of stay (LOS) by altering care coordination. Length of stay can also serve as a reflection of all complications, particularly those not captured in the FIRST trial (eg pneumothorax from central line). Programs were randomized to either maintaining current ACGME duty hour policies (Standard arm) or more flexible policies waiving rules on maximum shift lengths and time off between shifts (Flexible arm). Our objective was to determine whether flexibility in resident duty hours affected LOS in patients undergoing high-risk surgical operations. Study Design Patients were identified who underwent hepatectomy, pancreatectomy, laparoscopic colectomy, open colectomy, or ventral hernia repair (2014–2015 academic year) at 154 hospitals participating in the FIRST trial. Two procedure-stratified evaluations of LOS were undertaken: multivariable negative binomial regression analysis on LOS and a multivariable logistic regression analysis on the likelihood of a prolonged LOS (>75 th percentile). Results Before any adjustments, there was no statistically significant difference in overall mean LOS between study arms (Flexible Policy: mean [SD] LOS 6.03 [5.78] days vs Standard Policy: mean LOS 6.21 [5.82] days; p = 0.74). In adjusted analyses, there was no statistically significant difference in LOS between study arms overall (incidence rate ratio for Flexible vs Standard: 0.982; 95% CI, 0.939–1.026; p = 0.41) or for any individual procedures. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients with prolonged LOS between study arms overall (Flexible vs Standard: odds ratio = 1.028; 95% CI, 0.871–1.212) or for any individual procedures. Conclusions Duty hour flexibility had no statistically significant effect on LOS in patients undergoing complex intra-abdominal operations.
Pregnancy and linkage to care among women diagnosed with HIV infection in 61 CDC-funded health departments in the United States, 2013.

ABSTRACTTimely linkage to HIV care (LTC) following an HIV diagnosis is especially important for pregnant women with HIV to prevent perinatal transmission and improve maternal health. However, limited data are available on LTC among U.S. pregnant women. Our analysis aimed to identify HIV diagnoses among childbearing age (CBA) women (15–44 years old) by pregnancy status and to compare LTC of HIV-infected pregnant women to HIV-infected non-pregnant women. We analyzed 2013 CDC-funded HIV testing data from 61 health departments and 151 directly funded community-based organizations among CBA women. LTC includes linkage at any time after an HIV diagnosis and within 90 days after HIV diagnosis. Pearson’s chi-square was used to compare LTC of pregnant and non-pregnant women. Data were analyzed using SAS v9.3. Among the 1,379,860 HIV testing events among CBA women in 2013, 0.3% (n = 3690) were HIV-positive. Among all HIV-positive diagnoses with an available pregnancy status (n = 1987), 7%, (n = 138) were pregnant. ...
PREDICTORS OF PROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS IN INFRAINGUINAL ENDOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS

Background: Procedural complications of infrainguinal endovascular interventions are serious and costly. There are no validated models to predict complications of infrainguinal endovascular interventions. Methods: Data from the multicenter Excellence in Peripheral Artery Disease (XLPAD) registry ([
A practical evidence-based approach to rhinosinusitis

Abstract: Rhinosinusitis affects millions of persons annually and has a marked impact on quality of life and work productivity. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by symptoms that last at least 12 weeks. The history and physical examination should include a search for underlying conditions, such as allergic or nonallergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. An evaluation of underlying immunodeficiency is warranted in certain patients, particularly those with severe or difficult-to-treat disease or other recurrent infections. When radiologic evaluation is indicated, coronal sinus CT scanning is the procedure of choice. While antibiotics are indicated for bacte- rial rhinosinusitis, intranasal corticosteroids represent the mainstay of treatment for CRS and are particularly useful when polyp disease is present. Nasal irrigation with a saline solution can be a very beneficial adjunctive therapy. Depending on coexisting conditions, additional treatments may include antihistamines, leukotriene modifiers, and immunotherapy. (J Respir Dis. 2006;27(9):372-379)
Street Cred: The Creation, Commodification, and Exhibition of San Francisco's Mission Street Art Community

Street artists based in San Francisco’s Mission District have been creating art to resist the actions of gentrifiers who started moving into the district following the technology boom of 1993. Examining how the Mission art community has been negatively affected within the district and inaccurately represented by the contemporary art world provides insight into how similar artistic communities may be better sustained. In the midst of the Mission’s gentrification, a number of its artist-residents began to gain international art world success and were given the moniker “Mission School,” by art critics and curators. Many of those artists have resisted the “Mission School” label and have expressed conflicted feelings about compromising their desire for free access to art in exchange for admission to the commercial contemporary art world, where their work is bought and sold. The success of these artists, and the exclusion of others who were fundamental to the formation of their community, has reinforced the invisibility that both groups experienced from gentrifiers. An examination of the curatorial methods and criticisms of recent Mission Street Art exhibitions provides a basis to explore how the exhibition of artists who are celebrated as part of a highly respected yet endangered urban artistic scene affects their community.
Comparison of In-Person and Online Motivational Interviewing-Based Health Coaching.

Health coaching is a common approach for promoting lifestyle changes, but little is known about the effectiveness of different delivery methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of in-person versus online health coaching when used as part of a facilitated behavior change program. To increase translatability, the study used a naturalistic design that enabled participants to self-select the coaching delivery method (Group) as well as the target behavior (diet, physical activity, or weight management). Regardless of group, participants were provided with a behavior-based monitoring device and guided to use it by the health coach. A sample of 92 adults participated and 86 completed pre-post evaluations to assess behavior change strategies and posttest outcome measurements for their specific goal. Two-way (Group × Time) analyses of variance were used to evaluate changes in behavioral strategies. Intent-to-treat regression analyses were used to compare postintervention outcomes for groups. The in-person group had significantly higher Healthy Eating Index scores than the online group ( p .05). The results support the use of health coaching for promoting behavior change and suggest that online coaching may be equally effective as in-person methods.
Short Selling and Readability in Financial Disclosures: A Controlled Experiment

We examine the causal effect of short-selling on a firm’s annual report readability using Regulation SHO, which relaxes short-sale constraints for a random sample of pilot stocks. Pilot firms’ annual report readability decreases during the experiment period. This short-selling effect on 10-K readability is more pronounced for firms that receive less investor attention and for firms with worse news. Pilot firms also increase the use of uncertainty words in 10-Ks during the experiment period. Our results suggest that firms produce less transparent 10-Ks that are more costly for investors to comprehend when short-sale constraints are less rigorous.
From Bedside to Endoscopy to Microscopy to Diagnosis: Samples Collection and Processing

The diagnosis and management of urothelial carcinoma is the collaboration efforts of a multidisciplinary team including urologist, oncologist, pathologist, radiologist, and other support teams. Urine cytology and other ancillary tests are important components of these processes. Here, we describe technical aspect of the test and illustrate the clinical significance and limitation of those tests.
Sequencing an educational activity.

-Sequencing is applying an explicit logic to the order of activities within a CME program to maximize learning outcomes. Given existing educational needs and any performance gap, sequencing requires educators to consider the steps necessary to bring participants along a continuum of learning. The concept of sequencing can be applied to the program itself as well as to other CME activities that may complement the program.
Ordering Risky Choices

This chapter connects assumptions about probability distributions, decision makers’ risk attitudes, and the resulting methods used to order risky choices. The methods we discuss are consistent with the expected utility hypothesis because up to this point in time no alternative for decision making under risk has gained widespread acceptance.
Tactics and Strategies for Creativity

Children are spontaneously original on a regular basis. Adults, on the other hand, rely on routines and assumptions. For adults, creativity may require some effort. It certainly is an intentional activity during adulthood. When intentional actions are themselves routinized, they are said to be tactics. They are often called strategies but that is not strictly accurate. The intentional efforts to enhance creativity are usually more tactical than strategic.
The Opinion Function

Under the Judiciary Act of 1789, the statute that created his office, the Attorney General of the United States had but two duties. He represented the United States before the Supreme Court, and he gave “his advice and opinion upon questions of law when required by the President of the United States, or when requested by the heads of any of the departments, touching any matters that may concern their departments.” 1 The latter duty — the giving of legal advice or the opinion function so-called — is the subject of the first part of this study.
Human Body Model using Multiple Depth Camera for Gait Analysis

Human gait is a pattern of biometric movement for human identification. Unlike other biometrics such as fingerprint, iris, face, and voice recognition, human gait can be captured with unobtrusive method. In this paper, modeling of human body for gait recognition using depth camera is proposed. Using the depth data, modeling gait features based on model-based method can be extracted and measured. The raw depth data is captured in 3D space from the Kinect device. Kinect 2.0 is based on ToF method for depth information. Thus, two cameras are used for capturing a walking person on sides to reduce errors by obstacles in the light from the camera. Each depth data is required to capture range setup, segmentation of body parts, and identification of body joints using our proposed method. Then the body joints are calculated for three-angles (hip/knee/ankle) in a human gait cycle. The angles using the reconstructed body joints are more stable and accurate than using the Kinect skeleton method for human gait analysis.
Making Connections from the Secondary Classroom to the Abstract Algebra Course: A Mathematical Activity Approach

Connections between Abstract Algebra courses and high school mathematics teaching commonly start with identification of abstract algebra topics in secondary school mathematics. We take an alternative path. We start in the daily practice of teaching school mathematics to determine how Abstract Algebra course experiences might be useful to teachers. Our approach benefits from our experience with the Situations Project (Heid et al., Mathematical understanding for secondary teaching: A framework and classroom-based situations. Charlotte, NC: IAP, 2015). The project team worked from specific incidents that they witnessed in the practice of teaching secondary mathematics to inform a framework for Mathematical Understanding for Secondary Teaching (MUST). One of its three perspectives is Mathematical Activity, which includes Mathematical Noticing (noticing structure of mathematical systems, noticing symbolic form, noticing argument form, and connecting within and outside mathematics), Mathematical Reasoning (justifying/proving, reasoning when conjecturing and generalizing, and constraining and extending), and Mathematical Creating (representing, defining, and modifying/transforming/manipulating). We revisit some of the specific instances from the Situations Project and analyze them anew. We foreground mathematical activities as we draw parallels between mathematical activity in School Algebra classrooms and mathematical activity in Abstract Algebra. We argue that the mathematical activities in which Abstract Algebra students engage transcend the two course settings; we suggest strategies for incorporating Mathematical Activity into the teaching of Abstract Algebra; and we explain new ways in which Abstract Algebra students benefit in ways that serve well those students who become School Algebra teachers.
Nuevos miedos en la literatura policial de Chile y Argentina

El elemento fundante del miedo en la narrativa policial adquiere forma acorde a la sociedad aludida. El objeto temido es cambiante porque se refiere a un presente y puede ser identificado tanto en los topicos narrativos como en la forma en que estos son narrados. Este articulo busca entender la relacion entre el exito editorial que tiene hoy el genero policial en dos paises del Cono Sur, Argentina y Chile, y los miedos especificos que estos textos sobre crimen senalan. Teniendo como marco teorico los estudios sobre el miedo y siguiendo la idea de Jacques Ranciere de que toda politica deriva en reflexion estetica, se analiza la manera en que escritores chilenos y argentinos (Roberto Bolano, Mario Valdivia, Josefina Licitra, Mariana Enriquez y Claudia Pineiro) enmarcan, explican o distribuyen el mundo sensible, mostrando nuevas manifestaciones del miedo comprendido en lo que seria un “realismo capitalista”. En este caso en particular, se trata de un temor producto de la vulnerabilidad generada en un contexto neoliberal cuyo leitmotiv es el consumo y la exclusion.
Fragmented and isolated: limited gene flow coupled with weak isolation by environment in the paleoendemic giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum)

Premise Patterns of genetic structure across a species' range reflect the long-term interplay between genetic drift, gene flow, and selection. Given the importance of gene flow in preventing the loss of diversity through genetic drift among spatially isolated populations, understanding the dynamics of gene flow and the factors that influence connectivity across a species' range is a major goal for conservation of genetic diversity. Here we present a detailed look at gene flow dynamics of Sequoiadendron giganteum, a paleoendemic tree species that will likely face numerous threats due to climate change. Methods We used microsatellite markers to examine nineteen populations of S. giganteum for patterns of genetic structure and to estimate admixture and rates of gene flow between eight population pairs. Also, we used Generalized Dissimilarity Models to elucidate landscape factors that shape genetic differentiation among populations. Results We found minimal gene flow between adjacent groves in the northern disjunct range. In most of the southern portion of the range, groves showed a signal of connectivity which degrades to isolation in the extreme south. Geographic distance was the most important predictor of genetic dissimilarity across the range, with environmental conditions related to precipitation and temperature explaining a small, but significant, portion of the genetic variance. Conclusions Due to their isolation and unique genetic composition, northern populations of S. giganteum should be considered a high conservation priority. In this region, we suggest germplasm conservation as well as restoration planting to enhance genetic diversity.
The effect of web-based self-monitoring to increase on-task behavior and academic accuracy of high school students with autism

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often demonstrate behaviors that impair their school experiences. Therefore, the implementation of research-based strategies that will foster succes...
Improving NO 2 and ozone simulations through global NO x emission inversions

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone simulations have large uncertainties, but their biases, seasonality and trends can be improved with more accurate estimates of precursor gas emissions. We perform global top-down estimates of monthly NOx emissions using two OMI NO2 retrievals (NASAv3 and DOMINOv2) from 2005 to 2016 through a hybrid 4D-Var/mass balance inversion. The 12-year averages of regional NOx budgets from the NASA posterior emissions are 37 % to 53 % smaller than the DOMINO posterior. Compared to surface NO2 measurements, GEOS-Chem adjoint NO2 simulations using the DOMINO posterior NOx emissions have smaller biases in China (by 15 %) and the US (by 22 %), but NO2 trends have more consistent decreases (by 26 %) with the measurements (by 32 %) in the US from 2006 to 2016 when using the NASA posterior. The two posterior NOx emissions datasets have different strengths with respect to simulation of ozone concentrations. Simulations using NASA-based emissions provide better agreement for polluted conditions. Ozone from these shows the highest correlation (R2 = 0.88) with annual MDA8 ozone trends and alleviates the double peak in the prior simulation of global ozone seasonality. The DOMINO-based emissions, on the other hand, are better for simulating ozone at remote sites, making them well-suited to generation of boundary conditions for regional models, and in capturing the interannual variability of daytime-average (R2 = 0.72–0.81) and 24-hour average (R2 = 0.88–0.96) surface ozone. We recommend using NOx emission datasets that have the best performance in the corresponding spatial domain and temporal focus to improve ozone simulations.
The Public and Physiology: Communication and Education

The term ‘physiology’ means little to the public. In contrast, ‘chemist’ or ‘surgeon’ or ‘psychiatrist’ immediately conjure up readily recognizable figures—scientists with test tubes, men in white with scalpels, or graybeards with couches. But physiology and physiologists are indistinct: in definition and in function they merely ‘have something to do with the body,’ meaning—almost without exception—the human body. Public recognition of physiology in terms resembling Claude Barnard’s classic view, as the study of the physical and chemical processes of all living organisms, is practically non-existent.
Energy efficient adaptation of multicast protocols in power controlled wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper a methodology for adapting existing wireless ad hoc network protocols to power controlled networks is presented. Wireless nodes are assumed to have transmission power control with m discrete levels, and a clustering scheme is used in the adaptation to be energy efficient. Clusters are formed among the nodes in a distributed self-organized manner so that each node is a member of some cluster and within a cluster, each node can reach any other node with an appropriate power level. Each cluster has a designated head node which acts as forwarding agent for its members and these head nodes form a supernode topology. We adapt an ad hoc network multicast protocol by executing it on this supernode topology. Multicast data will move from the sender to its cluster head, then along the supernode topology according to the results of the chosen multicast protocol, and finally from the cluster head to receivers within their clusters. At every step, nodes use an appropriate power level j, 1 ≤ j ≤ m, to reach all the intended recipients. For more balanced way of depleting energy in the network, nodes take turn to become cluster heads. We applied our technique to ODMRP and the experiment shows significant energy reduction.
Decoupling behavioral and transcriptional responses to color in an eyeless cnidarian

Animals have specific molecular, physiological, and behavioral responses to light that are influenced by wavelength and intensity. Predictable environmental changes – predominantly solar and lunar cycles – drive endogenous daily oscillations by setting internal pacemakers, otherwise known as the circadian clock. Cnidarians have been a focal group to discern the evolution of light responsiveness due to their phylogenetic position as a sister phylum to bilaterians and broad range of light-responsive behaviors and physiology. Marine species that occupy a range of depths will experience different ranges of wavelengths and light intensities, which may result in variable phenotypic responses. Here, we utilize the eyeless sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, an estuarine anemone that typically resides in shallow water habitats, to compare behavioral and molecular responses when exposed to different light conditions. Quantitative measures of locomotion clearly showed that this species responds to light in the blue and green spectral range with a circadian activity profile, in contrast to a circatidal activity profile in the red spectral range and in constant darkness. Differences in average day/night locomotion was significant in each condition, with overall peak activity during the dark period. Comparative analyses of 96 transcriptomes from individuals sampled every 4 h in each lighting treatment revealed complex differences in gene expression between colors, including in many of the genes likely involved in the cnidarian circadian clock. Transcriptional profiling showed the majority of genes are differentially expressed when comparing mid-day with mid-night, and mostly in red light. Gene expression profiles were largely unique in each color, although animals in blue and green were overall more similar to each other than to red light. Together, these analyses support the hypothesis that cnidarians are sensitive to red light, and this perception results in a rich transcriptional and divergent behavioral response. Future work determining the specific molecular mechanisms driving the circadian and potential circatidal rhythms measured here would be impactful to connect gene expression variation with behavioral variation in this eyeless species.
Dynamics of strong swept-shock/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions

The mechanisms of unsteadiness in nominally two-dimensional (2-D) shock/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions (STBLIs) cannot be directly extended to three-dimensional (3-D) STBLIs, because of differences in interaction structure; swept 3-D interactions, including the sharp-fin and swept-compression-ramp configurations, are of particular interest in this work. Complications arise from the observation that the separation length employed to scale low-frequency unsteadiness in 2-D (spanwise homogeneous) interactions is not a global property of 3-D (swept) interactions, due to the quasi-conical symmetry of the latter. Also, flow separation in 3-D interactions is topologically different, in that closure of the primary separation cannot occur without breaking the quasi-conical symmetry of the interaction – consequently, the unsteady properties of the separation are different. To address these points, large-eddy simulations are performed to assess unsteadiness in 3-D interactions, with the aim of understanding key differences relative to analogous 2-D interactions, the former of which have received less attention in the literature. The mechanism underlying the prominent band of low-frequency unsteadiness (two decades below the characteristic boundary-layer frequency) is shown to be significantly muted in swept interactions. An interesting scaling for the band of mid-frequency unsteadiness is uncovered (at least one decade below the characteristic boundary-layer frequency). This is a consequence of the observed connection between coherent fluctuations in the separated shear layer and local mean-flow gradients, indicating a mix between competing 2-D and 3-D free-interaction scaling laws. In contrast, high-frequency fluctuations largely retain the 2-D scaling introduced by the incoming turbulent boundary layer. The spatial structure of the mid-frequency coherence in 3-D STBLIs is isolated, revealing the significant influence of these convective coherent structures on shock rippling/corrugation, as well as a spanwise dependence of coherence size consistent with the 3-D mean-flow similarity scaling. Finally, the dynamic linear response of a representative 3-D interaction is compared to that of a representative 2-D interaction; the absolute instability present in the 2-D interaction is not present in the 3-D interaction. The coincident absence of both the absolute instability and associated band of low-frequency unsteadiness in 3-D STBLIs underscores the significance of this absolute instability in facilitating low-frequency unsteadiness in 2-D interactions.
Building on Gleiter: The Foundations and Future of Deformation Processing of Nanocrystalline Metals

In 1989, fueled by his prior reports and findings, Prof. Herbert Gleiter published a seminal work on the synthesis, processing, and possibilities for nanocrystalline materials. This spark exploded into the field of bulk nanocrystalline metals by severe plastic deformation processing, with the primary driver being attaining the ultimate strength of a metal through refinement of the grain sizes to a level approaching the theoretically possible limits. This paper will briefly explore the historical development of SPD and based on Turnbull’s strategy of “energizing and quenching” materials to attain a desirable metastable state, present thoughts on incipient-related areas of exploration, including thermal stabilization through solute additions, the role of trace impurities and interstitials, the smallest grain size achievable (both theoretically and practically), and the captivating yet hazy character and role of the grain boundary. Lastly, some new approaches to making and then controlling the behavior of nanocrystalline materials will be presented. At each stage, opportunities for future study will be raised. On the 50th Anniversary of Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, it is hoped that this report will build off the seed planted by Gleiter and inspire new work and collaborations in the years to come.
Augmented Reality: Enhanced personal autostereoscopic telepresence system using commodity depth cameras

This paper describes an enhanced telepresence system that offers fully dynamic, real-time 3D scene capture and continuous-viewpoint, head-tracked stereo 3D display without requiring the user to wear any tracking or viewing apparatus. We present a complete software and hardware framework for implementing the system, which is based on an array of commodity Microsoft Kinect^T^Mcolor-plus-depth cameras. Contributions include an algorithm for merging data between multiple depth cameras and techniques for automatic color calibration and preserving stereo quality even with low rendering rates. Also presented is a solution to the problem of interference that occurs between Kinect cameras with overlapping views. Emphasis is placed on a fully GPU-accelerated data processing and rendering pipeline that can apply hole filling, smoothing, data merger, surface generation, and color correction at rates of up to 200 million triangles/s on a single PC and graphics board. Also presented is a Kinect-based markerless tracking system that combines 2D eye recognition with depth information to allow head-tracked stereo views to be rendered for a parallax barrier autostereoscopic display. Enhancements in calibration, filtering, and data merger were made to improve image quality over a previous version of the system.
Origins Survey Spectrometer: revealing the hearts of distant galaxies and forming planetary systems with far-IR spectroscopy

The Origins Survey Spectrometer (OSS) is a multi-purpose far-IR spectrograph for Origins. Operating at the photon background limit, OSS covers the 25- to 588-μm wavelength range instantaneously at a resolving power (R) of 300 using six logarithmically spaced grating modules. Each module couples at least 30 and up to 100 spatial beams simultaneously, enabling true [three-dimensional (3D)] spectral mapping. In addition, OSS provides two high-resolution modes. The first inserts a long-path Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS) into a portion of the incoming light in advance of the grating backends, enabling R up to 43 , 000 × [ λ / 112 μm ] , while preserving the grating-based sensitivity for line detection. The second incorporates a scanning etalon in series with the FTS to provide R up to 300,000 for the 100-to 200-μm range.
Improved and Efficient Dual-Hop Relaying System

In this paper, we propose an improved and spectrally efficient dual-hop relaying system, where a source communicates with the destination via intermediate decode-and-forward (DF) relays while there is no direct link between the source and the destination due to obstacles, shadowing or some other constraints. The proposed dual-hop relaying system has 33% higher spectral efficiency compared to the conventional dual-hop relaying system and has higher error performance compared to all relevant dual-hop relaying systems available in the literature without extra transmit power and bandwidth. In this paper, we evaluate the error performance of the proposed system and derive the closed-form expression of the error probability for the proposed system. In addition, we analyze the error performance with the variation of the source to relays distances. Moreover, we examine the error performance of the proposed system with the change in transmit powers of the nodes. The numerical results confirm the superiority of the proposed system over relevant dual-hop relaying systems.
Updates in the Diagnosis and Management of Linear IgA Disease: A Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: Linear IgA disease (LAD) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease with linear IgA deposits along the basement membrane zone. Direct immunofluorescence remains the gold standard for diagnosis, but other diagnostic measures reported in recent literature have proven useful in the setting of inconclusive preliminary results. Dapsone is a commonly used treatment, but many therapeutic agents have emerged in recent years. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of updates on the diagnosis and management of LAD. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted from May to June of 2021 for articles published in the last 5 years that were related to the diagnosis and management of LAD. Results: False-negative results in cases of drug-induced LAD and the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies on immunofluorescence studies were reported. Serration pattern analysis has been reported to be useful in distinguishing LAD from sublamina densa-type LAD. Rituximab, omalizumab, etanercept, IVIg, sulfonamides, topical corticosteroids, and others have been used successfully in adult and pediatric patients with varying disease severity. Topical corticosteroids were preferred for pediatric patients while rituximab and IVIg were used in adults with recalcitrant LAD. Sulfonamides were utilized in places without access to dapsone. Conclusion: In cases where preliminary biopsy results are negative and clinical suspicion is high, repeat biopsy and additional diagnostic studies should be used. Patient factors such as age, medical comorbidities, and disease severity play a role in therapeutic selection.
Conformal Mapping Model of Vortex Interaction Forces on Foils of Realistic Shape

An analytical modeling approach is developed to compute the unsteady force on a foil, with any specified chordwise thickness profile, due to a passing point vortex. The model uses a generalized Jou...
The Concepts of a Firm’s Economic Power or Dominant Position

This chapter analyzes the concepts of a firm’s (1) economic or market power or (2) dominance. U.S. courts’ dispositions of tie-in cases and monopolization and attempt-to-monopolize cases are substantially affected by whether the courts conclude that the State or a private plaintiff has proved that the defendant possessed “market power” over the tying product or possessed market power before or after it engaged in the conduct alleged to constitute monopolization or an attempt to monopolize. And Article 102 of the E.U. Treaty imposes special competition-law obligations on firms that are deemed to occupy a dominant position. This chapter calls into question the desirability (indeed, the coherence) of these positions by revealing (1) the complexity of the concept of a firm’s economic power and the inevitable arbitrariness of the choice of metrics for measuring such power and, relatedly, (2) the complexity of the notion of “a firm’s (undertaking’s) dominant position” and the inevitable arbitrariness of the choice of metrics for determining whether a firm occupies a dominant position.
Bewertung der Einwärtsstellung der Fußspitzen bei Kindern

Eltern sind oft uber eine Einwartsstellung der Fusspitzen ihrer Kinder besorgt. Diese Einwartsstellung findet ihren Ursprung gewohnlich in einer von 3 Ebenen: im Vor- und Mittelfus (Vorfusadduktion), in der Tibia (Innenrotation der Tibia) und im proximalen Femur (Anteversion des Femurs). Die Vorfusadduktion und die Innenrotation der Tibia konnen schon durch die intrauterine Lage des Fetus beeinflust werden, wahrend Erbfaktoren bei der exzessiven Anteversion des Femurs eine Rolle spielen konnen. Eine progressive Ausenrotation des Beins wahrend des Wachstums und der Entwicklung ist normal. Bestimmte Schlaf- und Sitzpositionen behindern allerdings diese normale Rotation der Extremitat. Sauglinge und Kleinkinder, die in Bauchlage mit angezogenen Beinen (Hufte und Knie gebeugt) und uberkreuzten Fusen schlafen, neigen zu einer persistierenden Innenrotation der Tibia und zur Vorfusadduktion (Abb. 91). Bei Kindern uber 3 Jahren wird eine exzessive Anteversion des Femurs durch die Fernsehposition beibehalten (Abb. 92).
Dietary recommendations for infants and toddlers among pediatric dentists in North Carolina.

Purpose The purposes of this study were to: describe practice patterns, knowledge, and attitudes of pediatric dentists in North Carolina (N.C.) in delivering dietary recommendations to the parents/caregivers of infants and toddlers; and identify barriers that limit the implementation of related recommendations. Methods Our survey instrument included 30 questions covering eight domains of barriers to guideline adherence. Surveys were mailed to 150 practicing pediatric dentists in N.C. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify subscales and inform the multivariable model. Results The response rate was 57 percent (86/150), 80 percent of whom reported providing infant and toddler feeding recommendations routinely. Knowledge of and agreement with the recommendation regarding breast-feeding duration was lower than that for bottle-feeding recommendations. Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that survey respondents were less likely to provide dietary recommendations regularly to the parents/caregivers of infants and toddlers when they have practice constraints and the respondents disagree with American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recommendations on bottle and juice consumption. Conclusions Most respondents routinely provide dietary recommendations to the parents/caregivers of infants and toddlers. Disagreement with AAP and AAPD recommendations on bottle, and juice consumption as well as practice constraints impedes practitioners from providing dietary recommendations regularly to the parents/caregivers of infants and toddlers.
Workbooks: Programmed Interactive Practice Exercises and Prescriptions

Psychological interventions in health promotion, sickness prevention, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation consist of targeted programmed interactive practice exercises (PIPEs) or workbooks administered interactively as homework assignments. To qualify as workbooks, they must be systematically programmed, specifically targeted, and continuously interactive.
Pseudoisoenzymes of rabbit muscle phosphoglucose isomerase.

Abstract Rabbit muscle phosphoglucose isomerase, either in crude muscle extract or after isolation and crystallization, has been found to occur as three different species when chromatographed on carboxymethyl Sephadex. The three forms are indistinguishable with respect to over-all amino acid composition except that they differ in accessibility of their sulfhydryl groups to p-mercuribenzoate. They can be interconverted both by treatment with dithiothreitol and by exposure to oxidative conditions, indicating that they represent different states of the same protein rather than genuinely dissimilar protein species as claimed in another report (Yoshida, A., and Carter, N. D. (1969) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 194, 151). When subjected to isoelectric focusing, these "pseudoisoenzymes" yield characteristic isoelectric points which correspond to their elution positions on cation exchange columns.
Setting Prices for New Vaccines (in Advance)

New vaccines have high social value, but the incentives to firms to develop new vaccines appear to be weak. This paper recommends setting a procurement price for a new vaccine prior to the vaccine's development, with the price based on the anticipated benefits from developing the vaccine. The price paid to vaccine suppliers is not equal to the price charged to either consumers supplied by public or private sources, so a high price does not choke off demand. A supply price leading to efficient levels of investment can be figured in advance based on cost-effectiveness analyses. Calculations indicate that efficient vaccine prices are considerably above prices currently paid for new vaccines.
Creativity - Genius and Other Myths

his Second Edition offers an analysis of the relation of 'ordinary' thinking to 'creative' thinking, including computer modelling of thought, and an examination of the creative processes that led to mechanical inventions, scientific discoveries and works of art.
A Prefetching Algorithm for Multi-speed Disks

Power consumption of disk based storage systems is becoming an increasingly pressing issue for both the commercial and the scientific application domains. Prior work proposed several hardware based approaches to reducing disk power consumption by making use of techniques such as spinning down idle disks and rotating them at lower speeds than the maximum speed possible. While such techniques are certainly very important, it is also critical to consider the influence the software can exercise in shaping the power consumption of disk-intensive application programs. Motivated by this observation, the main goal of this work is to study whether an optimizing compiler can be used for increasing the power benefits that could be obtained from multi-speed disks. Specifically, we propose and experimentally evaluate a compiler-directed energy-aware data prefetching scheme for scientific applications that process disk-resident data sets. This scheme automatically determines the prefetch distances for all disk access instructions, the disk speeds to be employed, and the associated disk layouts (striping parameters) in a unified setting. We implemented the proposed approach within an optimizing compiler framework and conducted experiments with several disk-intensive applications. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach brings significant reductions in disk energy consumption over a state-of-the-art software-based I/O prefetching mechanism that does not take into account energy consumption explicitly. Our results also show that the energy-aware prefetching scheme does not bring any extra performance penalties and the energy reductions achieved are consistent across a wide spectrum of values of the simulation parameters. We also show that our scheme can be extended to multiple application scenarios using a hierarchical disk layout determination.
An energy-saving task scheduler for mobile devices

The need for increased performance of mobile device directly conflicts with the desire for longer battery life. Offloading computation to resourceful servers is an effective method to reduce energy consumption and enhance performance for mobile applications. Today, most mobile devices have fast wireless link such as 4G and Wi-Fi, making cloud platform a good destination for computation offloading. Android provides mechanisms for creating mobile applications but lacks a native scheduling system for determining where code should be executed. This paper presents Jade, a system that adds sophisticated energy-aware computation offloading capabilities to Android applications. Jade monitors device and application status and automatically decides where code should be executed. Jade dynamically adjusts offloading strategy by adapting to workload variation, communication costs, and device status. Jade minimizes the burden on developers to build applications with computation offloading ability by providing easy-to-use Jade API. Evaluation shows that Jade can effectively reduce up to 35% of average power consumption for mobile device while improving application performance.
Breard , Printz , and the Treaty Power

This article considers whether the anti-commandeering principle of New York v. United States and Printz v. United States applies to exercises of the Treaty Power. It illustrates the problem with an analysis of the treaty provision involved in Breard v. Greene, 118 S. Ct. 1352 (1998), which requires state officials to notify certain aliens they arrest that they have a right to consult with their consul. Whether exercises of the treaty power are subject to the commandeering prohibition depends on the resolution of two ambiguities in the Supreme Court's anti-commandeering doctrine. The first concerns the distinction between commandeering and mere encouragement. Specifically, can a treaty such as the one involved in Breard be upheld as an exercise of conditional preemption, on the theory that it gives the state the choice between providing notification and refraining from arresting aliens? The answer to that question depends on whether a treaty barring states from arresting aliens would be valid, and the answer to that question turns on where the line falls between commandeering and valid preemption. If, as some lower courts have found, Printz and New York prohibit legislation that imposes obligations on states but not individuals, or regulates the states in their roles as governments, then a treaty barring the arrest of aliens would contravene the anti-commandeering principle. But, if so, the anti-commandeering principle could not be applicable to the treaty power, as it would call into question too much Supreme Court precedent. If the anti-commandeering principle is narrower, there would appear to be no reason to exempt the Treaty Power from its scope. Under the narrow interpretation of Printz and New York, the sorts of "obligations" to which the treaty-makers would legitimately want to subject the states would be valid "encouragement" under the conditional preemption doctrine. The anti-commandeering principle, narrowly construed, would thus not represent much of a burden on the Treaty Power. (Whether the anti-commandeering principle is broad or narrow is before the Supreme Court this Term in Condon v. Reno.)
Typing of Haemophilus influenzae by Coagglutination and Conventional Slide Agglutination

Coagglutination was compared with conventional slide agglutination for the typing of 297 clinical isolates of Haemophilus sp. A 100% correlation was found with the H. influenzae type b isolates. Coagglutination showed no false-positive reactions with the nontypable strains of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae isolates; however, conventional slide agglutination exhibited many false-positive and non-interpretable reactions.
Deubiquitinating enzyme regulation of the p53 pathway: A lesson from Otub1

Deubiquitination has emerged as an important mechanism of p53 regulation. A number of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) from the ubiquitin-specific protease family have been shown to regulate the p53-MDM2-MDMX networks. We recently reported that Otub1, a DUB from the OTU-domain containing protease family, is a novel p53 regulator. Interestingly, Otub1 abrogates p53 ubiquitination and stabilizes and activates p53 in cells independently of its deubiquitinating enzyme activity. Instead, it does so by inhibiting the MDM2 cognate ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) UbcH5. Otub1 also regulates other biological signaling through this non-canonical mechanism, suppression of E2, including the inhibition of DNA-damage-induced chromatin ubiquitination. Thus, Otub1 evolves as a unique DUB that mainly suppresses E2 to regulate substrates. Here we review the current progress made towards the understanding of the complex regulation of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway by DUBs, the biological function of Otub1 including its positive regulation of p53, and the mechanistic insights into how Otub1 suppresses E2.
Crude Approximations to Some Aspects of Three-Dimensional Magnetospheric Dynamics

It is quite well understood in principle how to formulate and solve dynamical problems in a three-dimensional magnetosphere (i.e., one in which all three adiabatic invariants M, J, Φ come into play), given the relevant diffusion coefficients, loss rates, and so forth (Haerendel, 1968; Lanzerotti and Schulz, 1973). But there are very severe practical difficulties in carrying out a truly three-dimensional calculation, and practically none exist in the literature. Two-dimensional calculations abound: radial diffusion of equatorially-mirroring (J =0) particles, pitch angle scattering at fixed L (or fixed Φ). In many cases this is not good enough; for example, most data on energetic trapped α-particles (e.g., Fennell et al., 1973) are off-equatorial, but theory (e.g., Cornwall, 1972) has concentrated on J=0 particles.