cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the global spectacle: Difference, identity and community

This paper analyzes the ‘seeing’ of difference, and its relation to identity and community. It argues that Western images of the Other are part of an obfuscating global spectacle and it explores ways in which this spectacle manipulates and diverts our perceptions of difference, obscures social and political contradictions, and blinds us to the possibilities of an inclusive, democratic and pluralistic society. By examining the complex ways in which vision and identity are shaped by social narrative and esthetic cravings, we show how traditional views of identity and community can be altered for the better by interrogating and reimagining visions of self and Other.
Altered Localization of Retinoid X Receptor α Coincides with Loss of Retinoid Responsiveness in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells

To understand the mechanism of retinoid resistance, we studied the subcellular localization and function of retinoid receptors in human breast cancer cell lines. Retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) localized throughout the nucleoplasm in retinoid-sensitive normal human mammary epithelial cells and in retinoid-responsive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), whereas it was found in the splicing factor compartment (SFC) of the retinoid-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and in human breast carcinoma tissue. In MDA-MB-231 cells, RXRα was not associated with active transcription site in the presence of ligand. Similarly, ligand-dependent RXR homo- or heterodimer-mediated transactivation on RXR response element or RARE showed minimal response to ligand in MDA-MB-231 cells. Infecting MDA-MB-231 cells with adenoviral RXRα induced nucleoplasmic overexpression of RXRα and resulted in apoptosis upon treatment with an RXR ligand. This suggests that nucleoplasmic RXRα restores retinoid sensitivity. Epitope-tagged RXRα and a C-terminus deletion mutant failed to localize to the SFC. Moreover, RXRα localization to the SFC was inhibited with RXRα C-terminus peptide. This peptide also induced ligand-dependent transactivation on RXRE. Therefore, the RXRα C terminus may play a role in the intranuclear localization of RXRα. Our results provide evidence that altered localization of RXRα to the SFC may be an important factor for the loss of retinoid responsiveness in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Integrated nanopore sensing platform with sub-microsecond temporal resolution

Nanopore sensors have attracted considerable interest for high-throughput sensing of individual nucleic acids and proteins without the need for chemical labels or complex optics. A prevailing problem in nanopore applications is that the transport kinetics of single biomolecules are often faster than the measurement time resolution. Methods to slow down biomolecular transport can be troublesome and are at odds with the natural goal of high-throughput sensing. Here we introduce a low-noise measurement platform that integrates a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) preamplifier with solid-state nanopores in thin silicon nitride membranes. With this platform we achieved a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding five at a bandwidth of 1 MHz, which to our knowledge is the highest bandwidth nanopore recording to date. We demonstrate transient signals as brief as 1 μs from short DNA molecules as well as current signatures during molecular passage events that shed light on submolecular DNA configurations in small nanopores.
Art and Idleness: Chekhov's “The House with a Mezzanine”

CIhekhov's best works often feature a contrast between work and idleness, a contrast that suggests an opposition between prosaic and poetic views of the world. This is perhaps best evident in the late plays-Uncle Vania, in which artistic sensibility (Elena) is opposed to a sober work ethic (Sonia), The Three Sisters (Andrei vs. Olga), and The Cherry Orchard (Ranevskaia vs. Lopakhin)-but it is a strong theme in his narratives as well.' Chekhov's intense interest in this issue suggests that it may have a significance beyond the merely thematic, and may in fact provide a key to understanding Chekhov's creative process-the origins of his art. It is always dangerous to generalize when discussing Chekhov. For that reason, I would like to focus on a single story, "The House With a Mezzanine: An Artist's Story"
Graph-structured Stack and Natural Language Parsing

A general device for handling nondeterminism in stack operations is described. The device, called a Graph-structured Stack, can eliminate duplication of operations throughout the nondeterministic processes. This paper then applies the graph-structured stack to various natural language parsing methods, including ATN, LR parsing, categorial grammar and principle-based parsing. The relationship between the graph-structured stack and a chart in chart parsing is also discussed.
Accelerated molecular dynamics of infrequent events

Abstract Diffusion of molecules in and on solid substrates often occurs as a series of hops between neighboring binding sites, or potential-energy minima. Simulation of this type of transport with molecular dynamics becomes challenging because the time between hops often exceeds times that can typically be probed with this computational technique. In this paper, we discuss a new method, which extends the time scale in molecular-dynamics simulations, while retaining nearly precise dynamic detail. A simple two-dimensional model has been used to explore the algorithm in detail. We also discuss the extension of the method to more complicated system, involving the diffusion of a Ag adatom on the Ag (0 0 1) surface.
On Completeness of Web Service Compositions

The main objective of composing web services is to identify usable web services through discovery and to orchestrate or assemble selected services according to the goal specification. In this paper, we formulate and study a framework of composing web services through discovery from a given goal service. A general algorithm for composition with or without a goal service invocation request is developed. Two notions of completeness, "schema completeness" and "instance completeness", are defined, which measure the ability of how thoroughly an algorithm can find a composition. The two notions correspond to compositions without or with a goal service request, resp. We show that schema completeness can be achieved by depth-first or breadth-first search combined with a tightening strategy. Further, the breadth-first search avoids redundancy. We also show that while instance complete algorithms exist, they generally need do invoke all candidate services.
Efficient structural joins on indexed XML documents

Queries on XML documents typically combine selections on element contents, and, via path expressions, the structural relationships between tagged elements. Structural joins are used to find all pairs of elements satisfying the primitive structural relationships specified in the query, namely, parent-child and ancestor-descendant relationships. Efficient support for structural joins is thus the key to efficient implementations of XML queries. Recently proposed node numbering schemes enable the capturing of the XML document structure using traditional indices (such as B+-trees or R-trees). This paper proposes efficient structural join algorithms in the presence of tag indices. We first concentrate on using B+- trees and show how to expedite a structural join by avoiding collections of elements that do not participate in the join. We then introduce an enhancement (based on sibling pointers) that further improves performance. Such sibling pointers are easily implemented and dynamically maintainable. We also present a structural join algorithm that utilizes R-trees. An extensive experimental comparison shows that the B+-tree structural joins are more robust. Furthermore, they provide drastic improvement gains over the current state of the art.
Assessment of the Contribution of Wildfires to Ozone Concentrations in the Central US-Mexico Border Region

The annual trends and spatiotemporal patterns of monthly 8-hour maximum ozone (8-hr max O3) concentrations in the Paso del Norte region were analyzed, and their associations with fires were examined for the 2001–2010 period. Hourly O3 measurements were retrieved from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air Quality System, while the times and locations of fires were acquired from the MODIS fire detection module. The absolute 8-hr max O3 concentrations were comparable in urban, rural and background sites. Time series analysis of deseasonalized monthly 8-hr max O3 levels showed statistically significant declining trends for most of the sites located in populated areas, and high correlation coefficients among these. Conversely, a 0.12 ppbv/yr increase of 8-hr max O3 concentration was computed for Chiricahua, a background site located in a Class I protected area. Strong relationships between the monthly 8-hr max O3 concentrations and categorical variables representing the number of fire detections for each month in six buffer zones were computed. Fire incidents near the sites (within 400 km) in central Arizona, central Texas and western Mexico triggered a decrease in the 8-hr max O3 concentration by 1 to 12 ppbv in urban and rural sites, and an increase of 3 ppbv in Chiricahua. Conversely, fire incidents in southeast US, Cuba and central Mexico contributed from 5 up to 19 ppbv. These findings indicated that regional fire incidents may trigger high O3 episodes, which may exceed air quality standards.
Synoptic Forcing of Precipitation over Greenland: Climatology for 1961–99

Abstract Analysis of the synoptic climatology and precipitation patterns over the North Atlantic region allows for a better understanding of the atmospheric input to the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet. The self-organizing map (SOM) technique was applied to the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-40) daily sea level pressure (SLP) data from 1961 to 1999 to objectively identify synoptic SLP patterns over the North Atlantic region. A total of 35 different SLP patterns were identified. Patterns common to the winter season are characterized by deep low pressure systems that approach Greenland through an active North Atlantic storm track, whereas patterns most common to the summer months are generally weaker and approach the ice sheet from the west through Baffin Bay. The blocking, splitting, and intensification of cyclones by the high elevations of the Greenland ice sheet were identified in this analysis. Analysis of ERA-40 precipitation associated with each SLP p...
A low-order model of biological neural networks

A biologically plausible low-order model (LOM) of biological neural networks is proposed. LOM is a recurrent hierarchical network of models of dendritic nodes and trees; spiking and nonspiking neurons; unsupervised, supervised covariance and accumulative learning mechanisms; feedback connections; and a scheme for maximal generalization. These component models are motivated and necessitated by making LOM learn and retrieve easily without differentiation, optimization, or iteration, and cluster, detect, and recognize multiple and hierarchical corrupted, distorted, and occluded temporal and spatial patterns. Four models of dendritic nodes are given that are all described as a hyperbolic polynomial that acts like an exclusive-OR logic gate when the model dendritic nodes input two binary digits. A model dendritic encoder that is a network of model dendritic nodes encodes its inputs such that the resultant codes have an orthogonality property. Such codes are stored in synapses by unsupervised covariance learning, supervised covariance learning, or unsupervised accumulative learning, depending on the type of postsynaptic neuron. A masking matrix for a dendritic tree, whose upper part comprises model dendritic encoders, enables maximal generalization on corrupted, distorted, and occluded data. It is a mathematical organization and idealization of dendritic trees with overlapped and nested input vectors. A model nonspiking neuron transmits inhibitory graded signals to modulate its neighboring model spiking neurons. Model spiking neurons evaluate the subjective probability distribution (SPD) of the labels of the inputs to model dendritic encoders and generate spike trains with such SPDs as firing rates. Feedback connections from the same or higher layers with different numbers of unit-delay devices reflect different signal traveling times, enabling LOM to fully utilize temporally and spatially associated information. Biological plausibility of the component models is discussed. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate how LOM operates in retrieving, generalizing, and unsupervised and supervised learning.
The Oxidizing Properties of the Third Transition Series Hexafluorides and Related Compounds

Some of the transition metal hexafluorides demonstrate an astonishing oxidizing power. In particular may be mentioned PtF6, which is capable of oxidizing molecular oxygen or xenon, a process requiring an electron affinity, E(PtF6), > −156 kcal·mole−1. From a comparative study of all of the hexafluorides of the third transition series the electron affinity is seen to increase regularly in the sequence WF6 < ReF6 < OsF6 < IrF6 < PtF6. The increase in E with unit increase in atomic number of M appears to be ≈ −20 kcal·mole−1. On the other hand the ability of the hexafluorides to accept F− decreases along this series. This effect enables IrF6 to be more effective than PtF6 in the generation of nitrogen oxide trifluoride, ONF3, by the oxidative fluorination of nitrosyl fluoride, ONF. Both PtF6 and IrF6 interact spontaneously with ONF or O2NF to generate fluorine, at or below room temperature. The decrease in F− -acceptor ability along the series, which stands in sharp contrast to the increase in electron affinity, suggests that ligand crowding increases sharply across the series from WF6 to PtF6. This accords with the observed decrease in molecular volume along the series, both in the hexafluorides and in the MF6− salts. It is clear from this comparison that the species IrF6 and PtF6 are close to a minimum volume for this series. The oxide pentafluorides ReOF5 and OsOF5 are similar in oxidizing ability to their respective hexafluorides but are poorer F− acceptors. Evidently the ligand crowding in MOF5 molecules is greater than in MF6.
Zero-dimensional energetics scaling models for z-pinch-driven hohlraums

Wire array z pinches on the Z accelerator provide the most intense laboratory source of soft X rays in the world. The unique combination of a near-Planckian radiation source with high X-ray production efficiency (10 to 15% wall plug), large X-ray powers and energies (>100 TW, ≥0.8 MJ in 6 ns to 7 ns), large characteristic hohlraum volumes (0.5 to >10cm 3 ), long pulse lengths (5 to 20 ns), and low capital cost ( 200 MJ yield) ICF capsules with adequate radiation symmetry and margin. The z-pinch-driven hohlraum approach of Hammer et al. (1999) may provide a conservative and robust solution to the requirements for high yield, and is currently being studied on the Z accelerator. This paper describes a multiple-region, 0-D hohlraum energetics model for z-pinch-driven hohlraums in four configurations. We observe consistency between the model and the measured X-ray powers and hohlraum wall temperatures to within ±20% in X-ray flux, for the four configurations. The scaling of pinch energy and radiation-driven anode-cathode gap closure with drive current are also examined.
An alternative Ca2+-dependent mechanism of neuroprotection by the metalloporphyrin class of superoxide dismutase mimetics

SPECIFIC AIMSMetalloporphyrins are known as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics, with SOD activity resulting from “funneling” of the negatively charged superoxide toward a redox-sensitive Mn metal within the porphine core. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate if neuroprotection by major classes of metalloporphyrins against in vitro cerebral ischemia in cultured rat cortical neurons correlates with metalloporphyrin catalytic antioxidant scavenging ability and, if not, to determine the mechanism of neuroprotection.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. Neuroprotection by major classes of metalloporphyrins (those possessing meso-substituted imidazolium, pyridinium, and phenyl rings) against excitotoxic insults inversely correlates with SOD activityThe data show that high SOD active MnIIIporphyrins meso-substituted with N,N′-dimethylimidazolium or N-alkylpyridinium groups did not protect neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We confirmed that MnIIITBAP, which possesses slight SOD activity, protected...
Presidential Speechmaking and the Public Audience: Individual Presidents and Group Attitudes

The study examines the impact of the major prime-time addresses of individual presidents from Johnson through Reagan on the attitudes of party and income groups within the public from 1965 to 1983....
Optimization of the Performance and Emissions of Soy Biodiesel Blends in a Modern Diesel Engine

As the world is faced with continued petroleum demand, the need for alternative fuels which are renewable and domestically available is becoming apparent. Biodiesel is one such attractive alternative fuel which has physical and chemical properties similar to, and miscible with conventional diesel. While biodiesel does have many advantages, due to fuel property differences including oxygenation and a lower calorific value than diesel fuel, biodiesel combustion often results in higher fuel consumption and higher nitrogen oxide (NOx ) emissions than diesel combustion. Stock diesel engine design and decision making target optimal performance with conventional diesel fuel, leading to suboptimal results for biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the appropriate engine decision making for the air/fuel ratio (AFR), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) fraction, injection (rail) pressure, and start of main fuel injection (SOI) in a modern common rail diesel engine using variable geometry turbo-charging and operating with varying blend ratios of diesel and soy-based biodiesel fuel mixtures to minimize brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and adhere to strict combustion noise, NOx and particulate matter (PM) emission constraints. When operating with the stock engine decision making, biodiesel blend combustion resulted in increases in NOx of up to 39% and fuel consumption increases up to 20% higher than the nominal diesel levels but also had substantial reductions in PM. Through modulation of the AFR, EGR fracton, rail pressure, and SOI at several operating points, it was demonstrated that the optimal engine decision-making for biodiesel shifted to lower AFRs and higher EGR fractions in order to reduce NOx , and shifted to more advanced timings in order to mitigate the observed increases in fuel consumption at the nominal settings. The optimal parameter combinations for B5 (5% biodiesel and 95% diesel), B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel) and B100 (100% biodiesel) still maintained substantial PM reductions but resulted in NOx and noise levels below nominal diesel levels. However, these parameter combinations had little impact on reducing the biodiesel fuel consumption penalty but did improve the thermal efficiency of biodiesel blend combustion.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The Proboscis Armature of Turbellaria‐Kalyptorhynchia, a Derivative of the Basement Lamina?

The fine structure analysis of the proboscis teeth in the genus Carcharodorhynchus Meixner and of the proboscis hooks in the genus Diascorhynchus Meixner revealed that these structures are not derived from local cuticularizations of the epidermis, but rather are closely associated with the basement lamina of the proboscis sheath epithelium. In Diascorhynchus the hooks are specializations within the basement lamina enclosing the proboscis. The proboscis teeth in Carcharodorhynchus seem to be either an intracellular differentiation within the modified proboscis sheath epithelium or, as in Diascorhynchus, a derivative of the basement lamina. The latter is supported by the finding of similar, dermal teeth clearly derived from the basement lamina in the body wall of several species of the genus Carcharodorhynchus. It appears from this study that most “cutic-ular” differentiations of the body wall in Turbellaria are either derivatives of the basement lamina or of the cytoplasm of the epidermis cells. These considerations are discussed in the light of possible evolutionary pathways leading from a ciliated epidermis (e.g. free-living acoelomates) to a cuticularized hypodermis (e.g. Aschelmimhes and Articulata).
Processing Product Unique Features: Alignability and Involvement in Preference Construction

Consumers often form preferences based on the presented attributes of choice options. Previous research has suggested that consumers tend to form their preferences using the attributes that are related to common aspects between the options (i.e., alignable differences) and ignore attributes that are unique to individual options (i.e., nonalignable differences). We combine cognitive psychology and motivation research from social psychology and propose that consumers’ preference formation can be systematically affected by whether they focus more on alignable differences or more on nonalignable differences of the options as a function of consumers’ involvement with the task. The results of 3 experiments show that preference judgment favors alignable differences over nonalignable differences in a low-motivation condition. In contrast, high motivation to process information enables consumers to increase their use of nonalignable differences in preference formation, which can result in a preference reversal relative to the low-motivation condition. The results suggest that a preference reversal occurs when the nonalignable differences of the target option are superior to both the nonalignable differences and the alignable differences of the reference option. However, the reversal does not occur when the nonalignable differences of the target option are superior only to the nonalignable differences of the reference option. Theoretical and managerial implications relating to differentiation, positioning, and communication strategies for innovative brands are discussed.
Neighbor Hob and neighbor Lob: English dialect speakers on the Tudor stage

Drawing on scholars like Paula Blank, Janette Dillon and Tim Machan, this article argues that, in the Tudor university and court plays of Shakespeare’s youth, the stigmatization of non-standard, dialect speakers demonstrates a cultural renegotiation of the contemporary linguistic climate. By defining the English language and the English people not against a foreign Other, but rather against the domestic, servile, and dialect-speaking Other, sixteenth-century playwrights demonstrated the threat of non-standard speaking and advocated the standardization of language through education while effecting cultural change through negative reinforcement. Keywords: Tudor drama; interludes; history of English language; dialect; university grammarians
VOCATIONAL ORIENTATION OF COLLEGE WOMEN AS RELATED TO SELECTED PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS

Responses of 205 college women to the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire were correlated with responses to the Vocational Orientation of Women Questionnaire to determine whether measured personality traits would reliably predict identification with a career outside the home and/or the homemaker role. Multiple Rs of .30 for career and .44 for homemaker were obtained by 2 and 6 predictor variables, respectively. Women favoring the career role were more radical and imaginative. The young women favoring the homemaker role were more likely to be conservative, excitable, submissive, practical, conscientious, and uncontrolled.
An adaptive MAC polling protocol for Ethernet passive optical networks

Medium access control (MAC) is one of the most crucial issues in Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs). To prevent data of different optical network units (ONUs) from collision in the upstream direction, an EPON system must employ a MAC mechanism to arbitrate access to the shared upstream channel and at the same time efficiently share the bandwidth of the upstream channel among all ONUs. In this paper, we present an adaptive MAC polling protocol for an EPON system. This polling protocol uses an adaptive scheduling algorithm called the earliest-packet-first (EPF) algorithm that schedules the transmission order of different ONUs based on the arrival time of the first packet waiting in the queue of each ONU and always schedules the ONU with the earliest packet to transmit first in each polling. The purpose is to reduce the packet delay in the system and thus provide better quality of service for end users.
Power System Security Assessment Using Neural Networks: Feature Selection Using Fisher Discrimination

One of the most important considerations in applying neural networks to power system security assessment is the proper selection of training features. Modem interconnected power systems often consist of thousands of pieces of equipment, each of which may have an affect on the security of the system. Neural networks have shown great promise for their ability to quickly and accurately predict the system security when trained with data collected from a small subset of system variables. This paper investigates the use of Fisher's linear discriminant function, coupled with feature selection techniques as a means for selecting neural network training features for power system security assessment. A case study is performed on the IEEE 50-generator system to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Introduction of useful peripheral functional groups on [2]catenanes by combining Cu(I) template synthesis with “click” chemistry

Two protocols based on Cu(I) template synthesis and “click” reactions for the synthesis of functionalized [2]catenanes are described. A straightforward procedure, involving high dilution conditions at high temperatures (70 °C), affords [2]catenanes bearing two identical peripheral groups in high yields. For the preparation of non-symmetrically functionalized [2]catenanes, a second milder and simpler protocol was developed, generalizing and extending the method. The introduction of peripheral functional groups into the catenane structure opens up possibilities of using [2]catenanes as building blocks for preparation of even more complex structures.
SUBADULT FEMALE EXPERIENCE DOES NOT INFLUENCE SPECIES RECOGNITION IN THE WOLF SPIDER SCHIZOCOSA UETZI STRATTON 1997

Abstract In many vertebrate systems, early experience has been linked to the learning of species-specific traits that are subsequently assessed during mate choice, thus ensuring conspecific matings. In invertebrate systems, however, early experience was not thought to play a role in mate choice until a recent study using Schizocosa uetzi Stratton 1997 wolf spiders demonstrated that females mate more readily with males of a familiar versus unfamiliar phenotype. The function of early mate choice learning in this system is not yet known, but a role in learning species-specific traits seems unlikely. In northwestern Mississippi, S. uetzi is found sympatrically with S. stridulans Stratton 1991, which matures slightly earlier in the season. If S. uetzi early mate choice learning functions in learning species-specific traits used in mate choice, as is often the case in vertebrate systems, then subadult female exposure to heterospecifics (S. stridulans) could result in heterospecific matings. Here, I exposed suba...
Approaches to the Enhancement of Patient Adherence to Antidepressant Medication Treatment

The number of safe and effective medication treatments for depression has increased significantly over the past 10 years. Relative to the older tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, the newer medications offer comparable efficacy with fewer side effects and a markedly reduced risk for serious adverse effects. In spite of these benefits, and in spite of the extensive and successful efforts that have been made to inform the general population about the diagnosis and treatment of depression, many patients do not comply with treatment recommendations. Although specific factors such as side effects lead to high rates of noncompliance with medication treatment, noncompliance is a multifactorial phenomenon. The reasons for noncompliance can include rational and intentional decisions based on beliefs about the illness, concerns over side effects, ineffectiveness of treatment. costs of the medication, decisions influenced by the symptoms of the disorder, and many other cultural and attitudinal factors. Some of the important concepts that should be addressed with depressed patients are reviewed. Strategies aimed at informing patients about depression and its treatment and providing a collaborative treatment environment have the potential to significantly improve treatment outcome and treatment adherence.
Dipodomys panamintinus (Panamint kangaroo rat)

The karyotypes presented here are gifts of Dr. A. Dean Stock. They belong to two subgenera with apparently similar karyotypes. The female specimen belongs to subspecies D. P. caudatus, collected in Clark County, Nevada, USA, and the male specimen, D. P. mohavensis, was collected in San Bernadino County, California, USA.
A wake-up call on the hazards of regulatory mandates in orthopaedic surgery: commentary on an article by Zhong Wang, PhD, MPH, et al.: "Compliance with surgical care improvement project measures and hospital-associated infections following hip arthroplasty".

Dr. Wang and colleagues have addressed a timely topic that is of interest to orthopaedic surgeons, i.e., the impact of compliance with SCIP (Surgical Care Improvement Project) performance guidelines relating to infection prevention and venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after arthroplasty. The authors examined data on 17,714 total hip arthroplasties at 128 New York state hospitals performed during the year 2008, and during the time when hospitals were at risk of losing payments for what the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services determined to be certain reasonably preventable events (such as VTE and surgical site infection) after arthroplasty. The authors found that, in response to the threat of payment cuts, hospital compliance with SCIP guidelines increased from levels of just over 90% to nearly 100%. Increased compliance with SCIP infection prevention guidelines did not lead to reductions in infection outcomes following hip replacement. Of concern, however, was the finding that increased compliance with VTE prophylaxis was associated with a higher risk of surgical site infections. In other words, …
Applications of holographic interferometryto structural and dynamic analysis of anadvanced graphite-epoxy compositecomponent.

It was undertaken to apply holographic techniques to characterize the dynamic behavior and structure of an advanced graphite-epoxy composite part and its ancillary mounting geometry. Holograms of the vibrational modes of the structure are used to accurately map the nodes, maxima, minima, and geometry of the induced motion. Holograms of the displacement patterns of mechanical and thermally induced stress in the structure are also used to map the location and extent of nonuniformities, discontinuities, and micro-structural defects in the volume and mounting of the composite material. Holographic data was imaged by a photo-thermoplastic based holocamera system configured for off-axis holograms and coupled to high resolution video capture for subsequent image analysis.
A Cross-national/Cross-cultural Study of Radio Listening Preferences

It is claimed that consumers in diverse cultures place varying degrees of importance on different media sources. Among these, broadcasting is increasing its importance all over the world. The purpose of this cross-national/cross-cultural study was to identify the socio-economic, demographic and behavioural characteristics and the listening preferences of radio audiences in Vermont, USA, and Nova Scotia, Canada, to find out how to reach the maximum number of listeners in these selected regions of North America in the most effective way.
Protein Forced Unfolding and Its Effects on the Finite Deformation Stress-Strain Behavior of Biomacromolecular Solids

Many proteins have been experimentally observed to exhibit a force-extension behavior with a characteristic repeating pattern of a nonlinear rise in force with imposed displacement to a peak, followed by a significant force drop upon reaching the peak (a “saw-tooth” profile) due to successive unfolding of modules during extension. This behavior is speculated to play a governing role in biological and mechanical functions of natural materials and biological networks composed of assemblies of such protein molecules. In this paper, a constitutive model for the finite deformation stress-strain behavior of crosslinked networks of modular macromolecules is developed. The force-extension behavior of the individual modular macromolecule is represented using the Freely Jointed Chain (FJC) statistical mechanics model together with a two-state theory to capture unfolding. The single molecule behavior is then incorporated into a formal continuum mechanics framework to construct a constitutive model. Simulations illustrate a relatively smooth “yield”-like stress-strain behavior of these materials due to activate unfolding in these microstructures.
Soil Application of Pseudoplusia NPV: Persistence and Incidence of Infection in Soybean Looper Caged on Soybean

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was applied to soil at rates of 0, 2470, 24,700 and 247,000 LE/ha at soybean planting in spring, 1976. Neonatal larvae were caged on plants at weekly intervals beginning at the R-2 stage of plant growth. Epizootics occurred in soybean loopers in all treatments with mortality of 100% in the 247,000 LE/ha plots 6 weeks after initial larval introduction. Biossay of foliage showed that virus concentrations increased as the epizootic progressed. Virus in the soil decreased drastically immediately following application, increased to high concentrations during the time larvae were caged on soybean, then decreased gradually until the summer of 1977. When cages were returned to the same sites in 1977 and larvae again caged on soybean, larval mortality occurred and NPV accumulated in the soil but these were less than in 1976 at all treatment levels.
The association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and hypertension in women of the CARDIA study.

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in midlife women, characterize the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and hypertension in women, and describe differences in hypertension prevalence by menopausal stage.Methods:We in
Development of Novel 3-D Printed Scaffolds With Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Nerve Regeneration

A traumatic injury of peripheral nerves is serious clinical problem that may lead to major loss of nerve function, affecting quality of patient's life. Currently, nerve autograft is widely used to reconstruct the nerve gap. However, such surgical procedure suffers from many disadvantages including donor site morbidity and limited availability. In order to address these issues, neural tissue engineering has focused on the development of synthetic nerve scaffolds to support bridging a larger gap and improving nerve generation. For this purpose, we fabricated a novel 3-D biomimetic scaffold, which has tunable porous structure and embedded core-shell nanoparticles with sustained neurogenic factor delivery system, using stereolithography based 3-D printing and coaxial electrospraying techniques. Our results showed that scaffolds with larger porosity significantly improve PC-12 neural cell adhesion compared to ones with smaller porosity. Furthermore, scaffolds embedded with bovine serum albumin containing nanoparticles showed an enhancement in cell proliferation relative to bared control scaffolds. More importantly, confocal microscopy images illustrated that the scaffold with nerve growth factor nanoparticles greatly increased the length of neurites and directed neurite extension of PC-12 cells along the fiber. In addition, the 3-D printed nanocomposite scaffolds also improved the average neurite length of primary cortical neurons. The results in this study demonstrate the potential of this 3-D printed scaffold in improving neural cell function and nerve growth.
Management and flow direction of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients discharged from TB hospitals

Objective:To investigate the management and flow direction of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis(TB) patients after discharged from the TB hospitals.Methods:The samples were randomly selected using the stratified sampling method.Questionnaires were used in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients in TB hospitals to get quantitative data and the information was further analyzed by SPSS 16.0.The semi-structured questionnaire was applied in the key subjects.Results:Among the patients,7.2% were transferred to TB dispensaries after being discharged from TB hospitals,8.3% took medication under doctors′ supervision,and 35.1% received visits from personnel of TB dispensary.Conclusions:Only few patients are referred to TB dispensaries,and the management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients is not adequate.So,cooperation between TB hospitals and TB dispensaries needs to be strengthened in order to control multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
Discharge of Alarm #90 on Fanuc NC Machine

This paper analyses the reasons of alarm #90 on Fanuc NC Machine,introduces the measure of solving this problem,This method is useful for maintenance machine.
Shortest Path Algorithms for a Fixed Start Time

Shortest path computation is an important query on any network. In a spatio-temporal network, this computation assumes added semantics due to the dependence of network attributes on time. Shortest paths can be computed either for a given start time or to find the start time and the path that leads to least travel time journeys (best start time journeys). Developing efficient algorithms for computing shortest paths in a time varying spatial network is challenging because these journeys do not always display greedy property or optimal substructure. This chapter describes algorithms to compute shortest paths for a given start time. The formulations of shortest path algorithms can also depend on the properties of the network parameters such as travel times. For example, the algorithm can significantly vary depending on whether the travel times follow FIFO property or not. The chapter provides algorithms for both FIFO and non-FIFO travel times.
Nonorganic Vision Loss in Children

Some children, usually between the ages of 6 and 10, present with vision loss that cannot be explained on the basis of the physical findings. Studies exploring the possibilities of retinal, optic nerve, or cortical abnormalities yield normal results, yet the child has a variable combination of visual acuity loss, color vision defects, stereo acuity loss, and visual field deficits. While malingering adults who fake vision loss are generally after monetary compensation or other tangible gains, children with nonorganic vision loss generally fall into one of two groups: (1) Those who want their parents to buy them glasses, many times because their friends have them and they do not, and (2) those who utilize, most of the time in a subconscious fashion, the vision loss to gain the attention of their family members and the eye doctor because of an underlying anxiety-producing situation such as stress at home or in school or sometimes abuse or psychiatric illness.
Haemarthrosis model in mice: BSS - Bleeding Severity Score assessment system.

Introduction The prophylactic administration of clotting factor concentrate is currently the most effective strategy for the prevention of joint bleeding. As new agents with different mechanisms of action and administration schedules are developed, it will be important to study them in relevant preclinical models. Aim The aim of this study was the standardization of a mouse haemarthrosis model in a haemophilia mouse and the development and validation of a comprehensive bleeding assessment system, the Bleeding Severity Score (BSS). Methods and results Four outcome measurements were assessed, two of which, the extra-articular bleeding score and intra-articular bleeding score, were determined to be the most reliable and were summarized into a BSS which was validated using a mouse haemarthrosis variability model. Conclusion Using this model, the haemostatic effect of prospective drugs can be assessed in a clinically relevant joint bleeding model and will significantly increase the value of preclinical studies.
From Human Rights to Global Citizenship Education: Movement, Migration, Conflict and Capitalism in the Classroom

In the following chapter, we examine the rise and growth of human rights education (HRE) in the post-Cold War era, as well as the ways in which changes in the policy actors involved in the development and implementation of HRE programming were occasioned by new forms of global economic capitalism, a rise in inter/intra state conflict and mass global migration. Specifically, we discuss the ways in which mass movement of peoples (forced and voluntary), as both cause and effect of economic globalization and conflict, has diversified classrooms around the world. In this chapter we critically consider the ways in which human rights education does or alternately does not leverage our growing diversity and interdependence in order to advance human rights and help students address global complexities they have and will continue to face in their own lives. While the idea of human rights is historically understood and explained in the literature through the evolution of universal principles with different international and local expressions, we hope to offer a more nuanced, reflective, and contextual account of the historical particularity of human rights education, through the lens of globalization and migration. This departs from the legalistic, state-centric focus of human rights literature that tends to emphasize the tensions and debates around universalist claims and individual expressions of the broader human rights regime. We end by exploring the recent shift from HRE to Global Citizenship Education (GCE) and argue for the continuing and renewed emphasis and action on behalf of HRE. In doing so we examine a handful of key principles that we suggest are necessary for programs to realize the promise of “human rights education as the new civics education for the new world order” (Morsink 1999).
Multiscale gene sets from protein interaction networks

Gene sets have been widely used on genome-scale data for various purposes. Ideally, gene sets should have multiple scales that can explain biological processes in different scales and depth, which is often missing from most popular algorithmically defined gene sets. We propose a principled way to generate multiscale gene sets based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and techniques from multiscale harmonic analysis. Specifically, on a yeast PPI network, we adopt the diffusion wavelets tool developed by Coifman and Maggioni and modify it for heavy tail graphs. Then, we define gene sets through a tiling of the PPI network based on the scaling functions. We compare our multiscale gene sets to two standard gene set databases (GO and KEGG) and gene sets derived from a hierarchical clustering method. We find that our gene sets have a large, non-trivial overlap with the standard databases, and yet still have a sizeable non-overlap as well. In addition, the sense of scale from our gene sets also matches well with that from GO. Finally, we use yeast cell cycle experiments to demonstrate the potential usage of our multiscale gene sets.
Multiple-source detection and identification using 3D-position-sensitive semiconductor detectors

In some applications, one wishes to simultaneously detect, identify, and localize multiple point sources of the same or different isotope in an unknown or known background environment. In this work, we use the Multifamily Likelihood Ratio Test (MFLRT) to detect the presence of a known number of point sources and, optionally, to estimate the number of sources present, using 4π Compton imaging with 3D-position-sensitive CdZnTe detectors. In addition, the sources' intensities, positions, and isotopic identities (from a library) are estimated. No prior knowledge of the background spectral distribution is necessary, and point-source isotopes with spectral lines also present in the background can be detected. If available, known background spectral shape and intensity can be included. Spatially, the background is assumed to be smooth with variation of less than a factor of two. Experimental results are shown for an 18-detector CdZnTe array system as a function of false-alarm rates.
The Social Psychology of Authority

The belief in the inevitability of proletarian revolution came undone in the aftermath of the First World War and set into motion currents of thought and practice that crystallized into what gets identified as “critical theory.” Where orthodoxy held that the workers of the world were destined to overthrow their oppressors, the war dispelled this myth and revealed that nationalism, racism, and charisma trumped progressive social and political movements. The famous Frankfurt School was decisive in mining the various strains of critique from the classical tradition and synthesizing them with elements of contemporary thought, especially from psychoanalysis. One of the most fruitful lines of inquiry centered on the sadomasochistic character and its manifestation in the domains of politics and society. Authoritarianism and the authoritarian personality are still vitally important problems at the heart of the critical theory project. This chapter maps out the development of the theory of authoritarianism, where it succeeded, and where it failed, and points the way for fresh analyses of authoritarianism in the era of imperialism and totalitarianism.
Disulfide Bond Formation and N-Glycosylation Modulate Protein-Protein Interactions in GPI-Transamidase (GPIT)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase (GPIT), the enzyme that attaches GPI anchors to proteins as they enter the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, is a membrane-bound hetero-pentameric complex consisting of Gpi8, Gpi16, Gaa1, Gpi17 and Gab1. Here, we expressed and purified the luminal domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) Gpi8 using different expression systems, and examined its interaction with insect cell expressed luminal domain of S. cerevisiae Gpi16. We found that the N-terminal caspase-like domain of Gpi8 forms a disulfide-linked dimer, which is strengthened by N-glycosylation. The non-core domain of Gpi8 following the caspase-like domain inhibits this dimerization. In contrast to the previously reported disulfide linkage between Gpi8 and Gpi16 in human and trypanosome GPIT, our data show that the luminal domains of S. cerevisiae Gpi8 and S. cerevisiae Gpi16 do not interact directly, nor do they form a disulfide bond in the intact S. cerevisiae GPIT. Our data suggest that subunit interactions within the GPIT complex from different species may vary, a feature that should be taken into account in future structural and functional studies.