cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Completeness of Intervention Reporting of Clinical Trials Published in Highly Ranked Obesity Journals.

Objective Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) play a crucial role in the research and advancement of medical treatment. A cross-sectional study design was utilized to analyze the completeness of intervention reporting using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and to evaluate factors associated with intervention reporting. A comparison of the completeness of intervention reporting before and after the publication of TIDieR was sought. Methods PubMed was searched for RCTs in the top 10 obesity journals per the Google h5-index. After excluding non-RCTs, 300 articles were randomly sampled. After assessing each publication for eligibility, two authors (SLR and DT) extracted data related to intervention reporting from records in an independent, masked fashion. Data were then verified and analyzed. Results The analysis revealed that the quality of intervention reporting is quite variable. Overall, no statistically significant difference in the quality of intervention reporting before and after the release of TIDieR guidelines was found. In general, obesity research has good intervention reporting in areas such as the mode of delivery, material lists for intervention, and procedure lists. However, four main areas in which obesity researchers can improve reporting quality were determined. These include providing the expertise and background of intervention providers and providing statements regarding the assessment of fidelity of the intervention. Conclusions Urgent intervention is warranted to improve the quality of research reporting in obesity research, which is a fundamental component of obesity management. This will likely require a unified approach from researchers, journals, and funding sources.
Additive manufacturing of stainless steel – Copper functionally graded materials via Inconel 718 interlayer

Abstract The joining of dissimilar materials is becoming increasingly prevalent to integrate different material properties to enhance design flexibility and overall performance. This study introduced an innovative approach to additively manufacture copper on 316L stainless steel (SS316L) via Inconel 718 interlayers using directed energy deposition (DED). The novel multi-material structure was studied both experimentally and theoretically. The microstructure, tensile properties, microhardness, and thermal performance of the structure were characterized. Residual stress distribution over the structure was revealed by experimental-validated numerical modeling. The result exhibits that defect-free structures with excellent interfacial bonding can be achieved by introducing Inconel 718 interlayers. The bonding strength of copper-Inconel 718 and Inconel 718-SS316L exceeds the ultimate tensile strength of copper (257 ± 23 MPa) and SS316L (525 ± 25 MPa), respectively. A ∼125% increment in thermal conductivity and ∼450% increment in thermal diffusivity were achieved in the hybrid structure when compared with these of SS316L, indicating a significant enhancement in thermal performance. A peak longitudinal tensile residual stress of 137 MPa and compressive stress of 94 MPa is seen at the Inconel 718-SS316L and copper-Inconel 718 interfaces, respectively. This study provides a new strategy to make stainless steel-copper functionally graded materials using DED to offer diverse properties.
A study of a dual polarization laser backscatter system for remote identification and measurement of water pollution

Remote identification and measurement of subsurface water turbidity and oil on water was accomplished with analytical models which describe the backscatter from smooth surface turbid water, including single scatter and multiple scatter effects. Lidar measurements from natural waterways are also presented and compared with ground observations of several physical water quality parameters.
Relationship of erythropoietin effectiveness to the generative cycle of erythroid precursor cell.

Hydroxyurea, a cytotoxic agent that kills cells in DNA synthesis, was used to study the relationship between erythropoietin and the generative cycle of the immediate erythroid precursor cell. When OHU and EP were administered simultaneously to hypertransfused mice, the resultant erythroid response was diminished relative to EP treated controls. OHU given at intervals after EP resulted in a progressively greater diminution of erythroid response. From these studies, then, we would suggest that in the suppressed animal the committed stem cell compartment is in cycle but with a prolonged G 1 . After EP there is a shortening of the generation time and an increase in the rate of turnover of the committed stem cells. The data also indicate that cells in cycle are differentiated into the pronormoblast compartment. It further may be suggested that erythropoietin is effective throughout the bulk of the generative cycle although it seems unlikely that differentiation is accomplished during the mitotic phase. Whether erythropoietin must be present in both G 1 and S as suggested by Kretchmar cannot be answered by the present studies. The data also indicate that cells of the pluripotential compartment are normally in G 0 or perhaps a prolonged G 1 . Damage to the committed compartment appears to be in part repaired by the influx of cells from the pluripotential compartment.
Research highlights: manipulating cells inside and out

We highlight recent work manipulating cells: from whole cells, to intracellular content, and even subcellular gradients in proteins. In the first manuscript, using interdigitated electrode arrays at a controlled tilt angle to a microchannel allows for an array of acoustic nodes that apply force and isolate larger circulating tumor cells from remaining cells in RBC-lysed blood. Moving to the subcellular scale, recent work shows the ability to use rapid bubble generation induced by a pulsed laser to transfect hundreds of thousands of cells in parallel, especially with larger cargo, such as live bacteria. Manipulating at an even finer level, our third highlighted paper applies magnetic nanoparticle-based techniques to the localization of proteins within the cytoplasm in gradient configurations. A recurring theme in the literature is how interfacing at the cellular scale is a key feature enabled by micro & nanotechnology. This feature can be exploited to achieve new capabilities for cell biologists which opens up new fundamental cell biology questions. This matching of scales and the unique advantages are well demonstrated in the articles highlighted.
Comparative metabolism of Ca45 and Ra226.

SummaryThe comparative metabolism of calcium and radium has been studied in a young beagle dog. Ra226 left the blood more rapidly than Ca45; the preferential excretion of radium by both kidney and gut is a factor in explaining the blood data, and also is the principal gross metabolic difference. The retention of both alkaline earths was greater than 90%, consistent with the fact that the skeleton was rapidly growing. Analysis of individual bones revealed no significant difference in the relative deposition of the two isotopes, but the teeth showed a preferential incorporation of calcium.
Kac-Wakimoto characters and universal mock theta functions

In recent work, Bringmann and Ono answer a question of Kac and show that character formulas for sl (r + 1,1) ∧ modules due to Kac and Wakimoto are "holomorphic parts" of nonholomorphic modular functions. Here, we confirm a speculation of Ono that these characters are, up to a simple q-series, the universal mock theta functions g 2 (w, q) and g 3 (w, q) of Gordon and McIntosh. Using recent work of Bringmann-Ono, Kang, Zwegers, and Gordon-McIntosh, we show that g 2 (w; q) and g 3 (w; q) are, up to classical theta functions and η-products, the characters of Kac and Wakimoto. As a consequence, we include a "dictionary" that gives a character formula for every classical mock theta function of Ramanujan, as well as subsequent natural generalizations.
Responding to a Fiscal Crisis: A Data-Driven Approach.

The Division of Planning and Institutional Improvement (PAII) at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis provides for the campus data for academic planning and management, assessment and evaluation services, and progress reports on mission‐critical goals. To respond to a forecast fiscal crisis and support long‐range planning for the Division, staff undertook a survey of deans and other key campus stakeholders to determine which of its services were best‐known and considered most useful for unit‐level planning and decision‐making, especially as these units faced the same projections of severe fiscal constraints. Findings indicated greater awareness and use of PAII data among deans than among other academic leaders and provided important insights into the kinds of data needed most for decision‐making. These outcomes will guide the Division’s future strategies for educating deans and other stakeholders on underused, but potentially useful, services and for selecting new services to offer.
HFE Modulates Transferrin Receptor 2 Levels in Hepatoma Cells via Interactions That Differ from Transferrin Receptor 1-HFE Interactions

Mutations in the transmembrane glycoproteins transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) and HFE are associated with hereditary hemochromatosis. Interactions between HFE and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) have been mapped to the α1- and α2-helices in HFE and to the helical domain of TfR1. Recently, TfR2 was also reported to interact with HFE in transfected mammalian cells. To test whether similar HFE residues are important for both TfR1 and TfR2 binding, a mutant form of HFE (W81AHFE) that has a ∼5,000-fold lower affinity for TfR1 than HFE was employed. As expected, W81AHFE does not interact with TfR1. However, we found that the same mutation in HFE does not affect the TfR2/HFE interaction. This finding indicates that the TfR2/HFE and TfR1/HFE interactions are distinct. We further observed that, unlike TfR1/HFE, Tf does not compete with HFE for binding to TfR2 and that binding is independent of pH (pH 6–7.5). TfR2-TfR1 and HFE-HLA-B7 chimeras were generated to map the domains of the TfR2/HFE interaction. TfR1 and HLA-B7 were chosen because of their similar overall structures with TfR2 and HFE, respectively. We mapped the interacting domains to the putative stalk and protease-like domains of TfR2 located between residues 104 and 250 and to the α3 domain of HFE, both of which differ from the TfR1/HFE interacting domains. Furthermore, we found that HFE increases TfR2 levels in hepatic cells independent of holo-Tf.
3 Signal transduction pathways involved in BCR-ABL transformation

BCR-ABL is an oncogenic fusion gene found in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and acute lymphocytic leukaemia whose oncogenic potential has been demonstrated using in vitro and in vivo model systems. Current research efforts are focused on defining the mechanism by which BCR-ABL transforms cells, with a view toward applying insights from these studies to the treatment of CML patients. BCR-ABL contains tyrosine residues, an SH2 domain, an SH3 domain, and proline-rich sequences. The presence of so many protein-protein interaction domains raises the possibility of multiple contacts with cellular signal transduction pathways. Indeed, BCR-ABL is reported to bind and/or phosphorylate more than 20 proteins. Many of these can be directly linked to signal transduction pathways based on defined roles in other systems, but others have no known function. As the list of such proteins grows, it is critical to define the role of each in the leukaemogenic activity of BCR-ABL. This review summarizes current views of the mechanism of BCR-ABL transformation with emphasis on the substrates and signal transduction pathways affected by its tyrosine kinase activity.
Regulation of ammonia production in the rat kidney.

Administration of actinomycin D to acidotic rats inhibited the initial rise in renal glutamine deaminating enzymes with no effect on the adaptation of renal ammonia production. These results suggested that changes in activity as well as level of glutaminase are important in the control of ammonia synthesis in the kidney. Comparison of the kinetic properties (Km, pH optimum, phosphate activation, product inhibition) of glutaminase extracted from the kidneys of normal and acidotic rats revealed no major differences between the two enzymes. Glutamate, a product of the glutaminase reaction, was found to be a potent inhibitor of the enzyme at physiological concentrations (7 mm). Acidosis (metabolic, respiratory, acetazolamide) produced rapid (hours) and sustained (days) depressions in the level of this inhibitor in the kidney. Alkalosis had the opposite effect on renal glutamate concentration. Injection of glutamate inhibited the production of urinary ammonia. These results suggest that renal glutaminase may be regulated by the level of its product in the kidney. Other factors affecting glutaminase activity were examined in the kidneys of normal and acidotic rats. The concentration of glutamine fell slightly, ammonia concentration rose and the level of activator, phosphate, was unaltered during acidosis. It appears, therefore, that these latter factors do not play a positive role in the adaptation of renal ammonia production during acidosis.
Rice hull biocomposites, part 2: Effect of the resin composition on the properties of the composite

A free radical thermoset resin consisting of a copolymer of conjugated linseed oil (CLO) or conjugated soybean oil (CSO), n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), divinylbenzene (DVB), and maleic anhydride (MA) has been reinforced with rice hulls. Composites containing 70 wt % of the filler were compression molded, the conjugated oil content in the resin was kept constant at 50 wt %, and the relative amounts of BMA, DVB, and MA were varied to afford composites with different resin compositions. Tensile tests, DMA, thermogravimetric analysis, and Soxhlet extraction of the different composites prepared have been used to establish the relationship between resin composition and the properties of the composites. Overall, the mechanical properties tend to improve when MA is introduced into the resin. Scanning electron microscopy of selected samples showed a better filler–resin interaction for MA-containing composites and samples prepared from CLO exhibit better properties than those prepared from CSO. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Characterization of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

Abstract The utilization of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) for analyses of mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including those isolated from complex samples such as shale oil, is described. Factors that influence separation performance, including retention, selectivity, and efficiency, are examined. The use of different micellar systems and mobile phase additives, such as organic solvents to effect retention and cyclodextrins to exploit size selectivity, are investigated. In addition, narrow-bore capillaries and laser fluorimetry are used to enhance separation efficiency and detection sensitivity. The ability to accommodate real samples is examined and compared to HPLC.
A computer aided design automation system for developing microprogrammed processors: a design approach through HDLs

This paper presents an approach that provides a total computer aided design environment for developing microprogrammed processors using hardware description languages. This includes the behavioral description, micro-coding, and testing of the integrated microprogrammed processors. To illustrate the design procedure a functionally equivalent micro-coded version of the Motorola's MC6809 processor was modeled, and tested. The results indicate that it is a valid design approach. The micro control unit described through the hardware description language AHPL not only replaces the required microprogram simulator but also emulates its exact hardware. Here the micro control unit and the microcode are emulated and tested as a unit: in such the same way a real processor's micro control unit functions with its stored microcode. The emulated micro-simulator here is used for verifying the MC6809 microcode. It can, however, be used as a general purpose testbed for testing any microcode. The design procedure presented here is for the MC6809 microprogrammed processor, however, the procedure can be used to design any processor with user defined instruction set.
Myosin light chain kinase is expressed in neurons and glia: immunoblotiing and immunocytochemical studies

The contractile protein myosin is thought to subserve motility-related functions in a wide range of eukaryotic non-muscle cells including both neurons and glia. To determine if the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzyme, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is involved in the regulation of neural myosin we investigated the presence and localization of MLCK in a variety of neural tissues by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. A specific immunoreactive protein (M(r) = 146,000) was detected in blotted homogenates from many regions of rat brain and from primary cultures of either astrocytes or cerebellar granule cells grown in the absence of other cell types. At the light microscopic level, MLCK-immunoreactivity was evident in many regions of rat brain, as well as in the cultured astrocytes and cerebellar granule cells. MLCK-immunoreactivity was observed to be largely cytosolic in astrocytes but with a proportion associated with the cytoskeleton. In the cerebellar granule cells immunoreactivity was present in neuronal processes as well as somata. The detection of MLCK in neural cells suggests that MLCK-catalyzed myosin phosphorylation may couple changes in intracellular calcium concentrations to motility-related functions of neurons and glia.
Service robot feature design effects on user perceptions and emotional responses

Service robots have been developed to assist nurses in routine patient services. Prior research has recognized that patient emotional experiences with robots may be as important as robot task performance in terms of user acceptance and assessments of effectiveness. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of different service robot interface features on elderly perceptions and emotional responses in a simulated medicine delivery task. Twenty-four participants sat in a simulated patient room and a service robot delivered a bag of “medicine” to them. Repeated trials were used to present variations on three robot features, including facial configuration, voice messaging and interactivity. Participant heart rate (HR) and galvanic skin response (GSR) were collected. Participant ratings of robot humanness [perceived anthropomorphism (PA)] were collected post-trial along with subjective ratings of arousal (bored–excited) and valence (unhappy–happy) using the self-assessment manikin (SAM) questionnaire. Results indicated the presence of all three types of robot features promoted higher PA, arousal and valence, compared to a control condition (a robot without any of the features). Participant physiological responses varied with events in their interaction with the robot. The three types of features also had different utility for stimulating participant arousal and valence, as well as physiological responses. In general, results indicated that adding anthropomorphic and interactive features to service robots promoted positive emotional responses [increased excitement (GSR) and happiness (HR)] in elderly users. It is expected that results from this study could be used as a basis for developing affective robot interface design guidelines to promote user emotional experiences.
An examination of the effects of perceived difficulty of manufacturing the extension product on brand extension attitudes

This paper examines the relationship between extension difficulty, defined as the perceived difficulty of manufacturing the extension product, and attitudes toward brand extensions. Although extant literature has hitherto modeled this relationship as a simple monotonic relationship, a study by Bottomley and Holden (Journal of Marketing Research, 38(4):494–500, 2001) has questioned its empirical generalizability. We suggest that the relationship between extension difficulty and extension attitudes may be far more complex than a simple linear relationship. Based on theoretical evidence drawn from the concept of evaluation difficulty, we suggest that the relationship between extension difficulty and extension attitudes is best modeled as a curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) relationship. Further, we explore the specific role of perceived transferability as a moderator of this curvilinear relationship. Empirical tests conducted using two studies provide support for both the theoretical mechanism and the proposed hypotheses. Entry into “easy” or “extremely difficult” extension categories carries its own penalties while entry into “moderately difficult” categories appears to garner high consumer attitudes for brand extensions.
The non-pyramidal cells in layer III of cat primary auditory cortex (AI).

The form and location of non-pyramidal neurons in layer III of the primary auditory cortex (AI) of adult cats is described in Golgi, Nissl, and other material. The cells were compared to the profiles of retrogradely labeled, commissurally interconnected cells. A principal finding is that certain non-pyramidal and pyramidal cells project interhemispherically to AI; a second conclusion is that the retrogradely labeled commissural cells form small clusters or narrow strips separated by unlabeled patches even after massive injections in the opposite AI. The non-pyramidal cells of origin have not yet been conclusively identified, but they must include one (or more) of the following six types of cells observed in Golgi-impregnated material: (1) tufted or bitufted cells with a radially elongated dendritic arbor; (2) sparsely spinous stellate neurons with thin, smooth dendrites and vertically disposed axonal branches; (3) small stellate cells with varicose dendrites, a restricted dendritic field, and a profusely branched local axon; (4) bipolar neurons with long, thin dendrites; (5) medium-sized multipolar cells with radiating, sparsely branched dendrites; and (6) small stellate neurons with smooth dendrites and a tiny dendritic field. These non-pyramidal cells are found throughout layer III but are more numerous in the upper part, layer IIIa, where they mingle with the small pyramidal neurons. As a rule the axonal branches of non-pyramidal cells are more numerous than those arising from layer III pyramidal neurons, and although they have many axonal collaterals, most project locally and vertically in narrow radial strips. In contrast, pyramidal cell axons have ascending and descending components which invade large, lateral territories in many cortical layers. Layer III non-pyramidal neurons are similar to those in layer IV in certain respects, although their dendritic fields are more spherical and less tufted than those of layer IV cells, and their axons have more local, limited targets. These axons appear to contribute but little to the conspicuous, lateral fiber striae in layer III. The primary intrinsic targets of non-pyramidal cell axons appear to be the apical dendrites of medium-sized and large layer III pyramidal cells, and recurrent branches to the parent cell; their fine, distal branches fortify the vertical plexus in layer III, and certain axons may descend into layer IV. Since layer III in AI receives both commissural and thalamic input, it is possible that these parallel, afferent channels are to some degree segregated, and to some degree convergent, onto particular types of cells. Whether any single cell receives both kinds of input is unknown, but the evidence suggests that not all non-pyramidal cells project only locally, nor may all project interhemispherically or from AI to AI. This implies that there may be connectionally and perhaps functionally distinct subsets among layer III non-pyramidal neurons which remain to be identified by experimental methods.
District heat—a major step toward U.S. energy self-sufficiency☆

Abstract Given a vigorous development and implementation program, district heating could experience a high penetration of the space and water heating market in the United States and consequently yield very large reductions in fuel consumption. The spectrum of benefits affordable by district heating is discussed in detail and estimates of optimal service levels, energy conservation, and capital investment are described. To achieve such service levels requires the commitment of the federal government to form policies and furnish incentives that encourage application wherever the technology shows a favorable balance of benefits. A format is given for a national program to assess and implement district heating.
Cl- channels in basolateral renal medullary vesicles X. Cloning of a Cl- channel from rabbit outer medulla

These experiments were intended to identify candidate cDNAs which might encode basolateral membrane Cl- channels of the mTAL using a homology-based cloning strategy. We prepared a cDNA library using a 1.8 to 3.2 kb mRNA fraction from rabbit outer medulla that induces a Cl- conductance in cellular membranes of Xenopus laevis oocytes. The cDNA library was screened with two 32P-oligonucleotide probes corresponding to highly conserved sequences in other Cl- channels. We isolated two cDNAs: rbClC-Ka and rbClC-Kb. The protein sequences deduced from these two cDNAs had 99% homology. Using RT-PCR technology, cultured mouse mTAL cells were found to contain mRNA corresponding to those two cDNAs. Expression of the mRNAs corresponding to these two cDNAs was kidney-specific and was greater in rabbit renal medulla than rabbit renal cortex. Finally, by using RT-PCR technology in combination with microdissected glomeruli or tubule segments, we found mRNA for rbClC-Ka in glomeruli, proximal convoluted tubules, mTAL and cortical collecting tubules.
Massive hemorrhagic myocardial infarction after coronary thrombolysis

A 53-year-old man with occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, and reperfusion was achieved within four and a half hours from the onset of chest pain. Recurrence of electrocardiographic ST segment elevation without attendant chest pain heralded reocclusion in the first hour after thrombolysis, which was successfully treated. After a stable course, post-infarction refractory cardiogenic shock developed on day 4, and autopsy demonstrated a massive (more than 100 cm2) hemorrhagic infarct. Several features of this case underscore the potential of coronary thrombolysis to cause significant reperfusion injury.
Effects of free-food deliveries and delays on choice under concurrent-chains schedules.

Pigeons responded on a concurrent-chains schedule with two equal variable-interval (VI) schedules as initial links and delays to food of 3 and 12 s as the two terminal links. In even-numbered sessions, no other reinforcement schedule was present, and all pigeons showed a strong preference for the response key that had the shorter, 3-s terminal-link delay. In odd-numbered sessions, the initial links were interrupted at random times by one of three different types of events. When the interruptions were immediate food deliveries, the response percentages increased on the key that had the 3-s delay. When the interruptions were 30-s delays followed by food, the response percentages remained approximately unchanged. When the interruptions were 30-s delays with no food, the response percentages decreased. The results were used to compare the predictions of different mathematical models of concurrent-chains performance. The results favored models that assume that preference is determined by the relative amount of advantage that is gained when a terminal link is entered.
Joint measurement of farm size and farm performance: a confirmatory factor analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine if a single dominant measure defines farm size and farm performance consistently over a ten‐year time period, or if alternative measures are needed. The paper also seeks to determine the correlation between farm size and farm performance and how this correlation may change over time.Design/methodology/approach – A confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the relative strength of farm size and performance indicator variables and estimate the relationship between farm size and performance latent variables. Data were collected from the North Dakota Farm and Ranch Business Management Association (NDFRBA) Annual Summaries for 2000‐2009.Findings – Results demonstrated that a single indicator, such as acres or rate of return on assets, may not capture the array of farm size and farm performance concepts and multiple indicators should be used to jointly determine farm size and farm performance measures. Results also found a sequential decrease in correlatio...
Residual correction applied to a sequence of block tridiagonal matrices

The decomposition of a block tridiagonal matrix into the product of block lowe and upper matrices is described. The cost of solving a block tridiagonal system of equations is given and compared to profile gaussian elimination. The desirability of a less expensive method is coupled to physical intuition about a common problem of solving a slowly varying sequence of such systems to motivate an iterative method based on residual correction. The method is described and convergence criteria are derived. An expression of the cost is developed and is shown to compare favourably with decomposition in many cases. Problems and advantages in computer implementation of the method are discussed and results of tests of a particular implementation on a well-known problem are given.
High valency subgraphs of cubes

Let G be a subgraph of the 1-skeleton of the unit cube in R'', in which each vertex is of degree at least k. Our main result is that each connected component of G has at least 2^k vertices, and so G has at most 2^n^-^k components.
Expressions of risk awareness and concern through Twitter: On the utility of using the medium as an indication of audience needs

Abstract Twitter is increasingly gaining momentum as a trusted source for news and information. A significant body of research suggests that during crises and emergencies, people rely on the medium for timely updates and real time information. Simultaneously, Twitter content may be a useful tool for identifying specific audience needs and concerns. The current study quantitatively analyzed tweets related to Hurricane Sandy in the days leading up to landfall. Areas examined include expressions of risk awareness and concern, and the ways in which these statements differ across age, sex, ethnicity, and language group. The findings are discussed in terms of the ways in which emergency managers may be able to use the systematic analysis of Twitter content in identifying audience needs.
Insights from the Analysis of Angel Mounds Pottery Trowels

AbstractArchaeologists have recovered pottery trowels in excavations at numerous historic and pre-Columbian archaeological sites in North America since the late nineteenth century. Despite these facts, pottery trowels have not been the subject of thorough scientific analysis or interpretation. In this study, I define and implement a new method of analysis for pottery trowels, using a sample of 188 pottery trowels from the Mississippian site of Angel Mounds (12VG1). After describing the quantitative and qualitative attributes of pottery trowels, I define categories of frequently occurring pottery trowel bell and handle types. The extensive variability of pottery trowel shapes and sizes discovered at Angel Mounds is then discussed with regard to alternative or multiple uses for the tools and the spatial and temporal distributions of pottery trowel types. As an artifact type that provides opportunities to analyze technology, craft production and specialization, and daily practices in past societies, I argue ...
Equilibrium Nonsynchronous Rotation of Titan

Abstract A satellite on an eccentric orbit experiences a zero net tidal torque when the rotation is slightly faster than synchronous, if there is no significant permanent asymmetry. Calculations indicate that for Titan this period should be 15.82 to 15.93 days, depending on the tidal dissipation model. This range includes the period recently determined by radar observations. A water-ice highland plateau with a diameter of less than 180 km standing just above the expected hydrocarbon ocean is consistent with both the radar data and the asymmetry constraints.
Electroluminescence Characterization of (20\bar21) InGaN/GaN Light Emitting Diodes with Various Wavelengths

The optical characteristics of InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on (2021) bulk GaN substrates with wavelengths 469, 487, 510, and 528 nm were investigated. From 2 to 100 mA, the peak emission wavelength for green LEDs blue-shifted by 6.2 nm. Emission spectra widths were almost independent of the injection current. These results suggest that (2021) LEDs have a smaller polarization field and smaller indium fluctuations in the quantum wells. Optical polarization ratios for the LEDs varied between 0.4 and 0.5, which are larger than reported values. A weak dependence of the polarization ratio on the indium composition was observed.
Efficient motif finding algorithms for large-alphabet inputs

We consider the problem of identifying motifs, recurring or conserved patterns, in the biological sequence data sets. To solve this task, we present a new deterministic algorithm for finding patterns that are embedded as exact or inexact instances in all or most of the input strings. The proposed algorithm (1) improves search efficiency compared to existing algorithms, and (2) scales well with the size of alphabet. On a synthetic planted DNA motif finding problem our algorithm is over 10× more efficient than MITRA, PMSPrune, and RISOTTO for long motifs. Improvements are orders of magnitude higher in the same setting with large alphabets. On benchmark TF-binding site problems (FNP, CRP, LexA) we observed reduction in running time of over 12×, with high detection accuracy. The algorithm was also successful in rapidly identifying protein motifs in Lipocalin, Zinc metallopeptidase, and supersecondary structure motifs for Cadherin and Immunoglobin families. Our algorithm reduces computational complexity of the current motif finding algorithms and demonstrate strong running time improvements over existing exact algorithms, especially in important and difficult cases of large-alphabet sequences.
Placental transfer, excretion, and disposition of [14C]Zectran and [14C]Mesurol in maternal and fetal rat tissues☆

Abstract Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected ip on the 18th and 19th days of gestation with a tracer dose of [ 14 C]Zectran (Z) or [ 14 C]Mesurol (M). The excretion and distribution of total 14 C were examined in fetal and maternal tissues. The distribution of Zectran and Mesurol after an ip dose was characterized by rapid maternal distribution and placental transfer. A distribution and elimination phase was seen for 30–60 min postinjection. After 1 hr [ 14 C]Zectran in the whole fetus fell very slowly ( K e = 0.086 hr). At 15 min 1.7 and 3.5% of an administered dose of Zectran and Mesurol, respectively, was recovered from the pooled rat fetuses of a dam. After 8 hr, 0.8 and 1.1%, respectively, of the administered 14 C was still present in the pooled fetuses. Fetal kidney and heart contained the most 14 C after both Zectran and Mesurol administration. Liver was the maternal tissue with highest 14 C content. More radioactive 14 CO 2 derived from [ 14 C]Zectran and [ 14 C]Mesurol was exhaled by the nonpregnant rat (Z = 82.6%; M = 76.7%) than by the pregnant rat (Z = 62.2%; M = 66.9%). There was no significant difference in urinary excretion of 14 C by pregnant or nonpregnant rats with either Zectran or Mesurol administration. Based on total 14 C activity recovered in the urine, feces, and exhaled air after 8 hr, the pregnant animal retained 10.4–23% more 14 C than the nonpregnant rat treated with either Zectran or Mesurol.
A subsatellite concept for Martian fields and particles measurements.

Orbital Experimental Capsule /OEC/ as subsatellite concept for Martian fields and particles measurements, noting Voyager exploring vehicle applications
Aggregation and Aggregate Carbon in a Forested Southeastern Coastal Plain Spodosol

Physical protection of C by aggregates and their response to forest management are important components of soil C management. This study was conducted to examine the morphology and strength of aggregates, to quantify C held by aggregates, and to study the effects of forest management intensity on aggregation. Surface horizon soil (0-5- and 5-10-cm depths) was collected from a 4-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in North Florida under two contrasting management regimes (intensive vs. operational fertilization and chemical weed control, called high- and low-intensity treatments, respectively). Samples were dry sieved into four size classes: 2000 to 250, 250 to 150, 150 to 53, and <53 μ. Soil aggregates of varying morphology and strength were observed in the three sand size fractions. Aggregate strength, as measured by sonication, varied with size fraction and ranged from approximately 17 J mL -1 for the least stable macroaggregates in the 2000- to 250-μm fraction to 113 J mL -1 for the most stable microaggregates in the 150- to 53-μm fraction. Aggregate organic matter (AOM) was an important C pool in these soils, accounting for nearly half of the total soil organic matter. The high-intensity management treatment had lower AOM in the 2000- to 250-μm fraction, probably due to lower biomass input ofunder-story roots caused by chemical understory control. Modification of the sonication technique proved useful for studying different aspects of aggregation and gave indications of an aggregate hierarchy even in these extremely sandy soils.
A parametric study of residual strength and stiffness for impact damaged composites

Abstract A parametric study of residual strength and stiffness for low-velocity impact damaged composites was performed. Possible compression after impact failure mechanisms, which may be caused by stiffness and strength degradation inside the damage region, were discussed. In order to understand the scaling effects on impact damage residual strength, finite element analysis was performed. With stiffness degradation inside the damaged area, the stress fields of small coupon and larger stiffened panels with the same damage were calculated numerically. The stress redistributions were found to be almost identical between the coupon and panels. This indicates that the stress redistribution is a local phenomenon, and will not be affected much by the existence of the stiffeners. It is believed that the residual strength of impact damaged composite structures is related more to the damage severity than to the load redistribution. The dependency of the stress concentration factor on the anisotropic engineering elastic constants of a laminate was extended from an analytical study by Lekhnitskii ( Anisotropic Plates , Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, USA, 1968).
Recognizing ergonomics variations: Human factors in technology transfer to Newly Industrializing Countries

The importance of recognizing human factors in technology transfer to Newly Industrializing Countries and identifying the increase in complexity of these factors as the human aspect crosses cultural, ethnic and national boundaries is becoming more evident. These considerations are proving to be major determining factors of the success of the technology transfer. This paper will cite examples and discuss such differences in anthropometrics, physiological aspects, cognitive characteristics, perception, work attitudes, training, and translation. These differences need to be identified not only abroad, but also in the U. S., as business with foreign nationals done locally increases. In other words, human factors in technology transfer should not be limited to developing countries, but should also be applied to operations in the U. S., as foreign nationals also need to be trained.
Dose a posterior aneurysm increase the risk of endocardial resection

The bias has been that the ideal anatomic circumstance for endocardial resection is the anterior left ventricular location. Posterior left ventricular aneurysms have been thought to be problematic to map and more difficult to close, and possibly to have a different substrate for ventricular tachycardia. To address this problem, we retrospectively reviewed the cases of 110 consecutive patients who underwent sequential endocardial resection for ventricular tachycardia between 1983 and 1991. Ninety-six patients had an anterior aneurysm, and 14 patients had a posterior aneurysm or infarct. Operative survival and 5-year survival were very similar between the two groups (p = not significant). A positive postoperative electrophysiological study was present in 11% of the anterior group versus 14% of the posterior group (p = not significant). There was a significantly greater incidence of mitral valve replacement in the posterior group, and we believe this was most likely due to frequent localization of the arrhythmia to the papillary muscle. Otherwise, patients with a posterior aneurysm or infarct had surgical results equivalent to those in patients with an anterior location. As long as there is a discrete aneurysm or infarct, endocardial resection is a safe and effective therapeutic procedure for ventricular tachycardia.
Search engine optimisation: A primer on linkage strategies

This paper and its previously published companion discuss the fundamentals of how search engines operate and present a number of suggestions that e-marketers can follow to improve their sites’ search engine rankings. Since those rankings basically are determined by two overall factors, keywords and links from other sites, our first paper dealt with strategies for optimising a site’s keywords in preparation for search engine spiders, while the present paper deals with strategies for obtaining linkages from other sites. Although the primary focus is on a site’s ranking in Google searches, the information provided should prove useful for increasing a site’s ranking on other search engines as well. This information is suitable for e-marketers, as well as for academicians interested in learning the fundamentals of search engine optimisation.
Quadratic Lagrangians and horizons

It has been known for some time that the standard isotropic cosmological model with an {ital R}{sup 2} Lagrangian has horizon-breaking solutions in the {ital t}{r arrow}0 singularity limit. We search for horizonless power-law solutions in the vacuum Bianchi type-I and orthogonal type-V cosmological models. We find that type V with an {ital R}{sup 2} Lagrangian does contain such solutions. At first glance this would suggest that quadratic theories might provide an alternative resolution to the horizon problem. However, for both the horizonless isotropic and type-V solutions we show that the eigenvalues of the linear vector field near the stationary points in phase space have opposite signs, demonstrating that such solutions are not Lyapunov stable. The addition of free quantum fields may stabilize the solutions.
Sprouting of remaining substance P-immunoreactive fibers in the monkey dentate gyrus following denervation from its substance P-containing hypothalamic afferents

This study analyzed the response of intrinsic substance P-immunoreactive fibers in the monkey dentate gyrus to disruption of the supramammillohippocampal projection. This projection normally forms a thin plexus of large, substance P-immunoreactive terminals in the innermost portion of the dentate molecular layer and establishes exclusively asymmetric synapses with dendritic shafts and spines of dentate neurons. Conversely, substance P-containing terminals have never been observed in synaptic contact with granule cell bodies. Ten days after ipsilateral fimbria-fornix transection, the prominent band of large immunostained axons in the inner molecular layer of the ipsilateral fascia dentata disappeared. Four and five weeks following transection, however, some small, substance P-containing terminals were observed in the innermost portion of the dentate molecular layer and the granule cell layer. These terminals established exclusively symmetric synapses with the somata and proximal dendritic shafts of granule cells. These results suggest that, following transection of the hypothalamo-hippocampal fiber tract, presumptive intrinsic substance P-containing axons are capable of sprouting into the granule cell layer and the former termination field of the hypothalamic fibers. The symmetric synapses established with granule cell bodies and their proximal dendrites might indicate a shift from an extrinsic excitation to an intrinsic inhibition of granule cells following disruption of substance P-containing hypothalamic afferents.
Voter Response to Short-Run Economic Conditions: the Asymmetric Effect of Prosperity and Recession*

Economic conditions are presently receiving more attention from politicians, journalists, academicians and citizens than probably any other political issue. In light of the publicity they have received and their profound impact on the living standards of American families, it is hard to believe that these economic conditions do not influence voters' selection of candidates for public office. Nevertheless this simple proposition, which is accepted as conventional wisdom by many politicians, has been the subject of debate among researchers during the past several years. This debate was touched off by Gerald Kramer's pioneering time-series analysis which appeared in the March, 1971 issue of this Review.' Using a multivariate regression model, Kramer derived results which appear to indicate that declining real income reduces the vote for the party of the incumbent President, and rising income increases it. Soon after this, George Stigler published findings which he claimed refuted Kramer's.2 Most recently, Arcelus and Meltzer purport to demonstrate that economic conditions (with the possible exception of inflation) do not affect the vote.3 How does one resolve this conflict? To address this question properly, it is necessary to distinguish between the effect on the vote of economic downturns and that of economic upturns. Considerable evidence suggests that the magnitude of these two effects may be quite different. For example, in an article entitled "The Asymmetry of Liking and Disliking," Nehemiah
Analysis of airframe and engine control interactions and integrated flight/propulsion control

A framework is presented for the analysis of dynamic cross-coupling between airframe and engine control systems. This approach is developed for assessing the significance of airframe/engi ne interactions with regard to system stability, performance, and critical frequency ranges where interactions are especially problematic. The stability robustness against airframe/engine interactions are of particular interest, and a robustness analysis approach is developed and presented. The difference between systems exhibiting two-directional vs one-directional coupling is also discussed. Two control configurations of a vehicle previously considered in several integrated flight/propulsion control studies are then evaluated using the technique, and it is shown that the baseline configuration reflects little significant airframe/engine interactions. Consequently, classical decentralized airframe and engine control laws appear to be quite adequate. However, analysis of the other system configuration shows significant performance degradation in the engine loop because of airframe/engi ne coupling.