cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building Adaptive Expertise and Practice-Based Evidence: Applying the Implementation Stages Framework to Special Education Teacher Preparation

Preparing pre-service special educators to meet classroom demands requires teacher preparation programs to design experiences for students to demonstrate routine expertise, while also building adaptive expertise. In this article, the authors describe a capstone project that meets these needs and prepares pre-service special educators for their role in the development of practice-based evidence. These aims align well with the Council for Exceptional Children's Professional Standards. To describe this project and how it meets these aims, we used the Implementation Stages framework. Outcomes reflect an increase in pre-service special educators' ability to research and design usable interventions based on evidence-based practices. Implications for special education teacher preparation programs include the need for faculty to provide instruction in a wide variety of interventions, and to provide channels for the pre-service special educators to disseminate their research within the field.
Contemporary Paradigms of Learning

The Western rational tradition, a set of assumptions upon which our major concepts of reality, learning, and education is based, constitutes an objectivist paradigm of learning. These assumptions a...
Physical properties of the superconducting Ta film absorber of an X-ray photon detector

We have developed single-photon 1-D imaging detectors based on superconducting tunnel junctions. The devices have a Ta film with an Al/AlO/sub x//Al tunnel junction on each end and a Nb contact in the center. The best energy resolution of this kind of detector is 13 eV for 5.9 keV X-ray photons. Two devices with different lengths: 500 and 1000 /spl mu/m are measured to study the nonequilibrium quasiparticle dynamics in the superconducting Ta film. The diffusion constant and lifetime of quasiparticles in the Ta films have been derived by fitting the measured current pulses to the model. The comparison of the simulation and measurement results proves that the quasiparticle loss is not primarily due to the Nb ground contact in the center of the Ta absorber, but is due to the uniform nonthermal loss in the Ta film. The Nb ground contact does contribute to the broadening of the energy width in the center of the Ta film.
Macrophage ADAM17 Deficiency Augments CD36-Dependent Apoptotic Cell Uptake and the Linked Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype

Rationale: Apoptotic cell phagocytosis (efferocytosis) is mediated by specific receptors and is essential for resolution of inflammation. In chronic inflammation, apoptotic cell clearance is dysfunctional and soluble levels of several apoptotic cell receptors are elevated. Reports have identified proteolytic cleavage as a mechanism capable of releasing soluble apoptotic cell receptors, but the functional implications of their proteolysis are unclear. Objective: To test the hypothesis that ADAM17-mediated cleavage of apoptotic cell receptors limits efferocytosis in vivo. Methods and Results: In vivo comparison of macrophage efferocytosis in wild-type and Adam17 -null hematopoietic chimeras demonstrates that ADAM17 deficiency leads to a 60% increase in efferocytosis and an enhanced anti-inflammatory phenotype in a model of peritonitis. In vitro uptake of phosphatidylserine liposomes identifies the dual-pass apoptotic cell receptor CD36 as a major contributor to enhanced efferocytosis, and CD36 surface levels are elevated on macrophages from Adam17 -null mice. Further, temporal elevation of CD36 expression with inflammation may also contribute to its impact. Soluble CD36 from macrophage-conditioned media comprises 2 species based on Western blotting, and mass spectrometry identifies 3 N-terminal peptides that represent probable cleavage sites. Levels of soluble CD36 are decreased in Adam17 -null conditioned media, providing evidence for involvement of ADAM17 in CD36 cleavage. Importantly, enhanced efferocytosis in vivo by macrophages lacking ADAM17 is CD36 dependent and accelerates macrophage clearance from the peritoneum, thus promoting resolution of inflammation and highlighting the impact of increased apoptotic cell uptake. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrate the importance of ADAM17-mediated proteolysis for in vivo efferocytosis regulation and suggest a possible mechanistic link between chronic inflammation and defective efferocytosis. # Novelty and Significance {#article-title-42}
An h-adaptive finite element solver for the calculations of the electronic structures

In this paper, a framework of using h-adaptive finite element method for the Kohn-Sham equation on the tetrahedron mesh is presented. The Kohn-Sham equation is discretized by the finite element method, and the h-adaptive technique is adopted to optimize the accuracy and the efficiency of the algorithm. The locally optimal block preconditioned conjugate gradient method is employed for solving the generalized eigenvalue problem, and an algebraic multigrid preconditioner is used to accelerate the solver. A variety of numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm for both the all-electron and the pseudo-potential calculations.
Nearshore Restoration in Puget Sound: Understanding Stakeholder Values and Potential Coalitions

Restoration of nearshore ecosystems presents many challenges for stakeholder involvement. Using surveys and interviews we examined stakeholder values, preferences, and potential coalitions surrounding nearshore restoration in the Whidbey sub-basin of Puget Sound. Most stakeholders in our study believe that Puget Sound nearshore problems are severe and urgent, and that it is worth investing in restoration. They do not agree on the causes of nearshore degradation, yet support stronger regulatory enforcement and increased public ownership as possible solutions to nearshore problems. Five potential stakeholder coalitions were identified based on shared values. These values reflect a varied spectrum of support for public sector solutions to nearshore problems and were labeled: No Government Intervention, Property Rights, Private Land Stewardship, Protect Undeveloped Areas, and Large Scale Restoration. The potential coalitions identified confirm the Advocacy Coalition Framework hypothesis that coalition members...
Validation of the SenseWear mini armband in children during semi-structure activity settings

a b s t r a c t Objectives: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the validity of different SenseWear software (algorithms v5.2 vs. algorithm v2.2) for estimating energy expenditure (EE) in children. Design: Original research. Methods: Forty-five children aged 7-13 years performed 12 randomly assigned activities (out of a set of 24) while wearing a SWA with simultaneous monitoring via portable calorimetry (IC). Each activity lasted 5 min, with a 1 min break between activities. The estimated EE values from the SWA were compared to the measured EE values from the IC using 3-way (Method × Algorithm × Activity) mixed model ANOVA. Results: The analyses revealed a significant method (IC vs. SWA) × Algorithm (v5.2 vs. v2.2) interaction, with significantly smaller errors (IC-SWA) for the newer v5.2 algorithms (0.25 ± 0.09 kcal min−1) than the
A Role for the Integrin αvβ8 in the Negative Regulation of Epithelial Cell Growth

The control of cell growth is regulated through coordinated responses to growth factors and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Integrins, the major family of cell-ECM receptors, are vital to these coordinated responses. Although much is known of the role of integrins in growth promotion, specific examples of integrin-mediated cell growth inhibition are few. On the basis of our findings that the integrin beta8 subunit is expressed in airway epithelial cells and is absent in lung cancers, we investigated the role and mechanism of the integrin alphavbeta8 in mediating growth inhibition. When introduced into either a lung or colon carcinoma cell line, beta8 inhibited cell growth without inducing apoptosis. Ligation of alphavbeta8 also induced cell rounding, inhibited focal contact formation, and initiated an inhibitory signaling pathway as demonstrated by increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1. The cytoplasmic domain of beta8 was capable of both growth inhibition and causing cell shape changes as shown by the use of a chimeric integrin construct consisting of the beta8-cytoplasmic domain coupled to the beta6-extracellular domain. Finally, when tested in vivo, beta8 potently inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. Together, these results implicate alphavbeta8 as a novel growth-regulatory molecule of epithelial cells.
Channel Routing Problems

A parallel algorithm for channel routing problems is introduced in this Chapter. The channel routing problem is very important in automatic layout design of VLSI circuits and printed circuit boards. The problem is to route the given interconnections between two rows of terminals on a multi-layer channel where the channel area must be minimized. Although several algorithms have been reported for two-layer problems, two-layer-and-over-the-cell problems, and three-layer problems, the current advancement of the VLSI technology allows us to use four layers composed of two metal layers and two polysilicon layers for routing in a chip where no parallel algorithms have been proposed. The goal of the proposed parallel algorithm is to find a near-optimum routing solution for the given interconnections in a short time. The algorithm is used for the four-layer channel routing problem where it requires n×m×2 processing elements (neurons) for the n-net-m-track problem. The algorithm has three advantages over the conventional algorithms; 1) it can be easily modified for accommodating more than four-layer channel routing problems, 2) it runs not only on a sequential machine but also on a parallel machine with maximally n×m×2 processors, and 3) the program size is very small. The algorithm is tested by solving seven benchmark problems where the algorithm finds routing solutions in nearly constant time with n×m×2 processors. This Chapter is based on a paper published in IEEE Trans, on Computer-Aided Design (Funabiki and Takefuji 1991).
A millennium of stasis in avian ornamentation? Implications for sexual selection theory

Sexual selection is widely accepted as an explanation for the evolution of ornamental traits in animals. Theory predicts that ornament evolution via sexual selection is triggered when a population is moved from an equilibrium state by changes in environmental conditions or population parameters and that once initiated, the rate of change can be rapid in comparison to change induced by natural selection. To assess these ideas, we considered whether there are examples of substantive changes to ornamental traits in any species of bird over recent human history. We proposed and tested a new means to assess contemporary evolution in the ornamental traits in birds, covering a period of more than a thousand years before present. We predicted that cases of rapid change in avian ornaments would be captured in the pictorial record across the centuries for which bird plumage has been documented. We found no substantial change in the ornamental traits of any species of bird, and we found few instances of even small changes in the ornamentation of bird species as depicted in the historical record. Our study is the first to systematically evaluate changes in ornamental traits within extant species on a time scale of centuries, and our findings have important implications for the mechanisms that generate the diversity of ornaments in birds.
An immediate survival focus : linking substance abuse, fight, flight, and prosocial behavior.

AN IMMEDIATE SURVIVAL FOCUS: LINKING SUBSTANCE ABUSE, FIGHT, FLIGHT, AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR George B. Richardson
Role of Quinones in Electron Transfer of PQQ-Glucose Dehydrogenase Anodes—Mediation or Orientation Effect.

In this study, the influence of two quinones (1,2- and 1,4-benzoquinone) on the operation and mechanism of electron transfer in PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ–sGDH) anodes has been determined. Benzoquinones were experimentally explored as mediators present in the electrolyte. The electrochemical performance of the PQQ–sGDH anodes with and without the mediators was examined and for the first time molecular docking simulations were used to gain a fundamental understanding to explain the role of the mediator molecules in the design and operation of the enzymatic electrodes. It was proposed that the higher performance of the PQQ–sGDH anodes in the presence of 1,2- and 1,4-benzoquinones introduced in the solution is due to the shorter distance between these molecules and PQQ in the enzymatic molecule. It was also hypothesized that when 1,4-benzoquinone is adsorbed on a carbon support, it would play the dual role of a mediator and an orienting agent. At the same time, when 1,2-benzoquinone and ubiquin...
Heteroepitaxial Nucleation and Growth of Ge ON Si(100) Surfaces Using Remote Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Heteroepitaxial growth of Ge on Si(100) has been accomplished using remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at 300*#x00B0;C. Reconstructed surfaces with diffraction patterns showing non-uniform intensity variations along the lengths of the integral order streaks are observed during the first 100 A of deposit. This observation of an atomically rough surface during the initial stages of growth is an indication of three-dimensional growth. As the epitaxial growth proceeds, the diffraction patterns become uniform with extensive streaking on both the integral and fractional order streaks. Subsequent growth, therefore, takes place in a layer-by-layer, two-dimensional mode. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the early nucleation stages, less than 80 A, show that there is uniform coverage withno evidence of island formation.
OFDM Inspired Waveforms for 5G

As the standardization activities are being formed to lay the foundation of 5G wireless networks, there is a common consensus on the need to replace the celebrated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) by a more effective air interface that better serves the challenging needs of 5G. To this end, in the recent past, a number of new waveforms have been introduced in the literature. Interestingly, and at the same time not surprising, these methods share a common fundamental principle with OFDM: each data packet is made up of a number of complex-valued sinusoidals (pure tones) that are modulated by the information symbols. In this tutorial article, we build a common framework based on the said OFDM principle and derive these new waveforms from this point of view. This derivation provides a new perspective that facilitates straightforward understanding of channel equalization and the application of these new waveforms to multiple-input multiple-output channels. It also facilitates derivation of new structures for more efficient synthesis/analysis of these waveforms than those that have been reported in the literature.
Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransport in the thick ascending limb of Henle.

The operation of this recently recognized cotransport unit, which tightly couples the translocation of sodium, potassium, and chloride across cell membranes of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, is described, along with the pathologic derangements of renal function that give these physiologic phenomena their clinical correlation.
65 The recoups pilot: recovering concussion update on progression of symptoms

Background It is unclear whether physical rest and cognitive rest recommendations aid recovery in youth who sustain a concussion, in part because adherence to these recommendations is unknown. Methods We tested ecologic momentary assessment to enable measuring cognitive and physical rest/exertion and symptoms in real time in recently concussed youth. Subjects, enrolled in clinic, wore an accelerometer and carried an iPod Touch, that randomly gave prompts to complete a symptom/activity survey app several times each day between clinic visits. Clinical data were also obtained. Results We monitored 34 patients age 11–17 years (18 female, 16 male); 75% were followed for 10 days (range 5–21). Mean symptom score was 22.89 (range = 0–68, max = 132). The total number of EMA reports obtained was 1072. The median number of texts sent/day was 20–49, median electronic gaming hours/day was 0.5, median homework hours/day was 0, and median step count/day was 2684. On the 130 days that were school days, subjects did not go to school on 78 days (60%), went a partial day on 36 days (27.7%), and went a full day on 16 days (12.3%). The median hours slept/night was 9.7 (range = 0–23), and the median minutes spent napping/day was 0 (range = 0–370). The median total hours slept (overnight+nap) was 10.0. We found that 32% of subjects were symptom free (score ≤8) after 7 days, 52% were symptom free after 14 days, and 71% were symptom free after 2 months. Interestingly, 29 (76%) became asymptomatic but then became symptomatic again within 2 weeks. Only 14 eligible patients declined participation for reasons including time constraints and feeling too sick. Conclusions It is feasible to monitor concussed youth to determine the timeline to symptom resolution and adherence to physical and cognitive rest recommendations. This protocol can enable randomised trials to determine the role of cognitive and physical rest in recovery.
Rocking Earth's Biodiversity Cradle: Challenges, Advances, and Prospects for Conservation Paleontology in the Tropics

ABSTRACTIncreased human activity and environmental disturbances are currently eroding the high biodiversity of the tropics. Insights from the fossil record have the potential to inform conservation decisions in these regions. Conservation paleontology has played a transformative role in defining appropriate conservation goals in temperate systems, and recent applications in the tropics showcase the broad applicability of this field. Here, we highlight paleontology's role in the conservation of the tropics. We show that community-level and species-level responses commonly detected by paleontologists, such as range shifts, inform present-day population trajectories and functional diversity changes. Furthermore, advances in techniques such as ancient DNA recovery make querying ancient tropical diversity more tractable. These analyses have direct applications to policies ranging from reserve design to species reintroductions. Despite these breakthroughs, much work still remains for conservation paleontology t...
Art and Architecture

The Arabs in Spain carried on almost all the minor and practical arts developed by Moslems in other lands. In metal-work1 involving decoration, raising patterns in relief or engraving them, inlaying with gold and silver2 and inscribing characters, the Hispano-Moresque school excelled. One of the earliest specimens is a relic of Hishām II (976–1009) preserved on the high altar of the Cathedral of Gerona in the form of a wooden casket sheathed with silver-gilt plating patterned in repousse with scroll-like foliation. It bears an Arabic inscription stating that it is the work of two craftsmen, Badr and Tarif, and was made for a courtier of al-Hakam II (961–76) as a present for the heir apparent, Hishām. In metal-work such as cutlery, sword blades and astrolabes Toledo and Seville3 were especially noted. Next to damascene blades, toledos had the finest temper and the greatest elasticity. The astrolabe, an astronomical instrument of ancient Greek invention, was perfected by the Moslems and introduced into Europe in the tenth century. Besides its use to determine the hour of prayer and the geographical position of Makkah, the astrolabe was invaluable to mariners for nautical observations and was a necessary adjunct of the astrologer’s equipment. In the story told by the tailor in the Arabian Nights (no. 29), the glib barber exasperates his customer by trying to find with an astrolabe the precise moment auspicious for shaving. A properly executed astrolabe is a beautiful work of art.
The Quanta Image Sensor: Every Photon Counts.

The Quanta Image Sensor (QIS) was conceived when contemplating shrinking pixel sizes and storage capacities, and the steady increase in digital processing power. In the single-bit QIS, the output of each field is a binary bit plane, where each bit represents the presence or absence of at least one photoelectron in a photodetector. A series of bit planes is generated through high-speed readout, and a kernel or “cubicle” of bits (x, y, t) is used to create a single output image pixel. The size of the cubicle can be adjusted post-acquisition to optimize image quality. The specialized sub-diffraction-limit photodetectors in the QIS are referred to as “jots” and a QIS may have a gigajot or more, read out at 1000 fps, for a data rate exceeding 1 Tb/s. Basically, we are trying to count photons as they arrive at the sensor. This paper reviews the QIS concept and its imaging characteristics. Recent progress towards realizing the QIS for commercial and scientific purposes is discussed. This includes implementation of a pump-gate jot device in a 65 nm CIS BSI process yielding read noise as low as 0.22 e− r.m.s. and conversion gain as high as 420 µV/e−, power efficient readout electronics, currently as low as 0.4 pJ/b in the same process, creating high dynamic range images from jot data, and understanding the imaging characteristics of single-bit and multi-bit QIS devices. The QIS represents a possible major paradigm shift in image capture.
Removing Impediments to the Use of Bioremediation and Other Innovative Technologies

Increasing the diversity of technologies used to remediate contaminated soils and groundwater is one of the goals of EPA’s Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER). While conventional methods of waste remediation, such as stabilization, containment, and incineration, are certainly valid approaches to resolving waste problems, statutory and economic considerations are now, more than ever, encouraging the entire remediation community to consider change in thinking and practice.
Eczema and Urticaria as Manifestations of Undiagnosed and Rare Diseases

Eczema and urticaria are common disorders encountered in pediatric patients, but they may occasionally be the presenting complaint in a child with an underlying rare disease. Immunodeficiency syndromes should be suspected when eczema is associated with neonatal onset, recurrent infections, chronic lymphadenopathy, or failure to thrive. Nutritional deficiencies and mycosis fungoides are in the differential diagnosis for a child with a recalcitrant eczematous eruption. Autoinflammatory syndromes should be suspected in a child with chronic urticaria, fever, and other systemic signs of inflammation. Although these disorders are rare, early recognition allows for appropriate treatment and decreased morbidity for the child.
An epidemiological study of occupational injuries in Xuzhou railway from 1975 to 2015

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of occupational injuries in Xuzhou Railway, and to provide a scientific basis for the management of railway occupational safety and hygiene. Methods: From January to March, 2016, it was used the descriptive epidemiology research methods to collect the files of the professional injuries cases reported in Xuzhou railway from 1975 to 2015 to retrospectively survey and study and analyze the characteristics of professional injuries in the aspect of sociology, time, work, damage type and nature, etc. Results: From 1975 to 2015, the number of people in Xuzhou railway who had professional injuries, reached injure level and professionally died are 804, 558 and 4. The rate of occupational injuries was 0.07‰~5.87‰ and the occupational injuries rate of up to grade was 0.03‰~1.50‰. The annual average incidence rate was 0.79‰ and the annual average incidence rate of up to grade was 0.55‰. The mortality of occupational injuries was 3.95×10-3‰. The occurrence rate of occupational injuries showed a downward trend in wave mode. The proportion of occupational injuries of 26 to 30 years old and 11 to 15 working years workers was higher, respectively, 18.03% and 19.28%. The proportion of male occupational injuries (88.56%) was higher than that of female (11.44%) . The proportion of workers with low cultural level was higher. The time period of occupational injury was more concentrated in 2: 00~3: 00 and 16: 00~17: 00, and the proportion of occupational injuries was higher in August and the first quarter. The difference in occupational injuries rates of different years had the statistical significance (χ2=6 546.121, P=0.000) . The difference in the occupational injuries rates of up to grade of different years had the statistical significance (χ2=1 981.623, P=0.000) . The mainly departments and posts involved in occupational injuries were locomotive department (26.12%) and shunting operation (25.00%) . The most kinds was vehicles injury (37.31%) and most injury parts was upper limb (34.87%) . Fracture was the most common injure nature (46.89%) . The mild degree of injury was main injury degree (72.95%) . The main reasons causing occupational injuries were violations (47.64%) and weak safety awareness (28.36%) . Conclusion: The incidence of occupational injuries in Xuzhou railway shows a trend of wave-like reduction year by year. Violations and weak awareness of safety are the main reasons for the occurrence of occupational injuries. The departments in charge of railway occupational safety and hygiene management need to take effective measures to strengthen the intervention of occupational injuries in key positions and reduce or eliminate railway occupational injuries.
Plasmonic sensing with quantum noise

We experimentally demonstrate a surface plasmon resonance sensor utilizing quantum noise in two-mode squeezed states for signal transduction. This quantum plasmonic sensor exhibits 5 dB greater sensitivity than its classical analog by exploiting plasmonic absorption.
683. In Vivo Expansion of Hepatocytes with Targeted rAAV Integration Results in a >100-Fold Increase of Transgene Expression

The recent development of promoter-less transgene integration technology using 2A fusions promises enhanced safety over traditional gene therapies. These vectors target therapeutic transgenes to loci for highly expressed endogenous genes through homologous recombination. Due to the inherent low frequency of targeted integrations, transgene expression is limited and requires high vector doses. Here we describe a modified 2A fusion integration vector that facilitates in vivo selection and expansion of gene-targeted hepatocytes. In mice treated with this vector, factor IX transgene expression increased over 400-fold during selection.Selection was achieved by incorporating into the integration vector a genetic element that rescues gene-targeted hepatocytes from induced hepatotoxic conditions. Blocking Fah (fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase) leads to hepatotoxic accumulation of the enzyme's substrate fumarylacetoacetate (FAA). This toxicity can be rescued by inhibiting Hpd, an enzyme upstream of Fah. In Fah-deficient mice, hepatotoxity is readily manipulated by administering or withdrawing the drug NTBC which inhibits Hpd. Alternately, Hpd can be blocked with a shRNA. We've previously shown that in Fah-deficient mice, hepatocytes transduced with an Hpd-specific shRNA have a selective advantage when NTBC is withdrawn, leading to clonal expansion of transduced cells.This Hpd-specific shRNA was incorporated into the original albumin-targeting 2A integration vector as an shRNAmir. To prevent off-target expression, the shRNAmir was inserted without a promoter into an intron of the vector's 3’ albumin homology arm. The resulting AAV-8 vector was administered to Fah-deficient neonates (P0, n=8) by facial vein injection at a dose of 4e11 Vg. At 4 weeks of age, plasma hF-IX levels measured 167 +/- 65 ng/ml. The mice were then cycled off NTBC to select for hepatocytes rescued through expression of the Hpd shRNAmir. Plasma hF-IX levels increased exponentially, reaching 46, 000 +/- 5, 000 ng/ml after 11 weeks of NTBC cycling (n=4). Three of the treated mice were cycled off NTBC for just 3 weeks, then maintained on NTBC for an additional 6 weeks. hF-IX levels remained steady at 400 – 1100 ng/ml, suggesting the integrated sequences were not toxic to hepatocytes. Control mice treated with the original albumin integration vector (lacking the HPD shRNAmir) showed no increase in plasma hF-IX levels during NTBC cycling. Administration of the selectable AAV to adult mice also resulted in increased hF-IX during NTBC withdrawal. Current efforts aim to replicate selection in wild-type mice using pharmacological inhibition of Fah.In summary, 2A fusion-based integration vectors promise significant safety advantages over traditional gene targeting methods. We've shown that incorporating selectable genetic elements into these vectors facilitates highly robust transgene expression which can be modulated in vivo. Selectable vectors could allow significantly lower vector doses, thereby enhancing the safety of such therapies even further.
Abstract P060: Angiotensin AT1A Receptors on Vasopressin-Expressing Cells are Dispensable for DOCA-salt Hypertension

Increased blood pressure in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt model of low-renin hypertension is correlated with increased vasopressin (AVP) secretion, and is sensitive to inhibition of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Further, AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats are largely resistant to DOCA-salt hypertension. These findings lead us to hypothesize a role for AT1A receptors localized to AVP-expressing neurons in the control of AVP secretion, specifically in low-renin hypertension. Blood pressure was assessed via tail-cuff plesthysmography and total daily AVP secretion assessed via urine copeptin in mice with specific disruption of the AT1A gene in AVP-expressing cells (AVP-Cre x AT1Aflox/flox mice, “KO”) under both baseline and DOCA-salt treatment conditions. Specific activity of Cre-recombinase within the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of AVP-Cre transgenic mice was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy in brain sections from mice expressing a conditional fluorescent reporter (AVP-Cre x ROSA-stopflox-tdTomato mice). At baseline, AVP secretion (via urine copeptin) trended downward with large variation (control n=17, 363±182 vs KO n=5, 33±11 pg/day; p>0.05) but there was no significant difference in blood pressure (control n=27, 107±1.3 vs KO n=12, 111±2.2 mmHg; p>0.05) compared to littermate controls. In response to DOCA-salt, blood pressure (control n=23, +10.35±2.1 vs KO n=8, +12.91±2.0; p>0.05), urine output (control n=23, +12.65±0.8 vs KO n=9, +12.73±1.5 g/day; p>0.05), and fluid intake (control n=23, +16.17±1.3 vs KO n=9, +14.83±2.5 mL/day; p>0.05) increased normally in KO mice. Preliminary findings indicate normal or possibly exaggerated urine copeptin levels in KO mice following DOCA-salt, and an exaggerated AVP release in response to increasing serum osmolality. Collectively, these data suggest that AT1A receptors on AVP expressing cells are required to mediate baseline secretion of AVP, but that these receptors are dispensable for DOCA-salt mediated increases in circulating AVP and blood pressure.
Take me where I want to go: Institutional prestige, advisor sponsorship, and academic career placement preferences.

Placement in prestigious research institutions for STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) PhD recipients is generally considered to be optimal. Yet some doctoral recipients are not interested in intensive research careers and instead seek alternative careers, outside but also within academe (for example teaching positions in Liberal Arts Schools). Recent attention to non-academic pathways has expanded our understanding of alternative PhD careers. However, career preferences and placements are also nuanced along the academic pathway. Existing research on academic careers (mostly research-centric) has found that certain factors have a significant impact on the prestige of both the institutional placement and the salary of PhD recipients. We understand less, however, about the functioning of career preferences and related placements outside of the top academic research institutions. Our work builds on prior studies of academic career placement to explore the impact that prestige of PhD-granting institution, advisor involvement, and cultural capital have on the extent to which STEM PhDs are placed in their preferred academic institution types. What determines whether an individual with a preference for research oriented institutions works at a Research Extensive university? Or whether an individual with a preference for teaching works at a Liberal Arts college? Using survey data from a nationally representative sample of faculty in biology, biochemistry, civil engineering and mathematics at four different Carnegie Classified institution types (Research Extensive, Research Intensive, Master’s I & II, and Liberal Arts Colleges), we examine the relative weight of different individual and institutional characteristics on institutional type placement. We find that doctoral institutional prestige plays a significant role in matching individuals with their preferred institutional type, but that advisor involvement only has an impact on those with a preference for research oriented institutions. Gender effects are also observed, particularly in the role of the advisor in affecting preferred career placement.
Cubic hastatic order in the two-channel Kondo-Heisenberg model

Materials with non-Kramers doublet ground states naturally manifest the two-channel Kondo effect, as the valence fluctuations are from a non-Kramers doublet ground state to an excited Kramers doublet. Here, the development of a heavy Fermi liquid requires a channel symmetry breaking spinorial hybridization that breaks both single and double time-reversal symmetry, and is known as hastatic order. Motivated by cubic Pr-based materials with $\Gamma_3$ non-Kramers ground state doublets, this paper provides a survey of cubic hastatic order using the simple two-channel Kondo-Heisenberg model. Hastatic order necessarily breaks time-reversal symmetry, but the spatial arrangement of the hybridization spinor can be either uniform (ferrohastatic) or break additional lattice symmetries (antiferrohastatic). The experimental signatures of both orders are presented in detail, and include tiny conduction electron magnetic moments. Interestingly, there can be several distinct antiferrohastatic orders with the same moment pattern that break different lattice symmetries, revealing a potential experimental route to detect the spinorial nature of the hybridization. We employ an SU(N) fermionic mean-field treatment on square and simple cubic lattices, and examine how the nature and stability of hastatic order varies as we vary the Heisenberg coupling, conduction electron density, band degeneracies, and apply both channel and spin symmetry breaking fields. We find that both ferrohastatic and several types of antiferrohastatic orders are stabilized in different regions of the mean-field phase diagram, and evolve differently in strain and magnetic fields.
Ethics and Science: Is Plausibility in the Eye of the Beholder?

This paper argues that morality is objective in a specific sense that accords with a broadly expressivist stance in metaethics. The paper also explains that although there is a kind of subjectivity in moral inquiry, the same holds for other kinds of normative inquiry, including epistemic and even scientific inquiry, and moreover that this kind of subjectivity is no threat to morality’s objectivity. The argument for the objectivity of morality draws strong parallels between ethics, epistemology, and science, but does not depend on equally strong parallels between ethics and mathematics. I argue that there is more to learn from a comparison between ethics and mathematics than I used to think, but the difference between the issues that come up in thinking about objectivity in ethics and those that come up in thinking about objectivity in mathematics is substantial, and we cannot carry over results from the philosophy of mathematics to the case of morality.
Equilibrium in a Complete Market

In the context of continuous-time financial markets, the equilibrium problem is to build a model in which security prices are determined by the law of supply and demand. The primitives in this model are the endowment processes and the utility functions of a finite number of agents. We shall assume in this chapter that all agents are endowed in units of the same perishable commodity, which arrives at some time-varying random rate. Agents may consume their endowment as it arrives, they may sell some portion of it to other agents, or they may buy extra endowment from other agents. The endowment, however, cannot be stored, and agents will wish to hedge the variability in their endowment processes by trading with one another. To facilitate the trading of endowment, there is a financial market consisting of a money market and of several stocks, in which agents may invest (positively or negatively).
Social support and preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Social support has been one of the most intensely studied psychosocial factors in health since research in this area began in the mid-1970s. From the very beginning, a major goal of social support research has been to guide novel preventive and treatment interventions (Heller, 1979). This hope has been sustained by the consistent finding that persons with low levels of perceived social support have more negative mental and physical health outcomes than their more fortunate counterparts (Barrera, 1986; Cohen & Wills, 1985; B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & Pierce, 1990a). In fact, the relation between perceived support and health appears to be one of the more replicable effects in psychology.
Imaging in the Emergency Department or Chest Pain Unit

The assessment and triage of ED patients with suspected ACS is a process that requires considerations of clinical risk, patient safety, and cost-effectiveness. The strategies used should be highly sensitive to minimize the chances of missing the diagnosis of ACS. The noninvasive modalities of MPI and echocardiography have suitable characteristics. Data on MPI predominate in the literature, with prospective, randomized studies demonstrating applicability, safety, and cost-effectiveness, such that ED MPI for evaluation of suspected ACS has attained a class I, level A indication in the US. In the future, imaging of ischemic memory using fatty acid analogs such as BMIPP may further enhance the utility of radionuclide imaging in this setting.
Combination Chemotherapy for Advanced Disease

The chemical nonhormonal treatment of breast cancer has developed rapidly in the last three decades. In the first two decades, several reports indicated that responses could be achieved in patients with nitrogen mustard,(1) triethylenethiophosphoramide (thio-TEPA),(2) methotrexate,(3) cyclophosphamide,(4,5) and 5-fluorouracil.(6) With the demonstration in experimental animal tumors and clinically in patients with Hodgkin’s disease(7) and acute lymphocytic leukemia(8) that combinations of drugs were more effective than single agents, interest in the use of multiple-drug regimens also developed for patients with breast cancer. One of the earliest reports was by Greenspan et al. in 1963.(9) But it was not until 1969, when Cooper(10) reported that a five-drug program produced complete responses in 90% of patients with advanced breast cancer, that the trials with combination chemotherapy became more widespread. Since then, there has been a literal explosion of combination chemotherapy programs(11) producing high response rates in the 50–60% range. In the past two years, chemotherapy has played a major role combined with surgery in the management of primary operable breast cancer.
A Survey of % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyXduhaaa!37BB!$$\upsilon $$μe Physics with Emphasis on Recent Fermilab Results

From both an experimental and an historical point of view it is particularly appropriate to summarize the development of \( \upsilon \) μe- physics at this time. Historically, it was ten years ago last week that the announcement (see Figure 1) of the first \( \upsilon \) μe- event was sent from Aachen to the other members of the Gargamelle Collaboration. The event, shown in Figure 2, is of a single electron identified via its characteristic bremsstrahlung and curvature. The significance of this event far exceeds its visual impact. With a background1) of less than.03 events, it became the first solid indication for the existence of the weak neutral current. On the experimental front, the investigation of the \( \upsilon \) μe interaction is about to enter a new phase, having graduated from experiments yielding 2–3 events to those which will be analyzing hundreds of events. With these high statistics experiments it should be possible to study the differential as well as the total crosssections of \( \upsilon \)e and \( \upsilon \) μe scattering. Before reviewing the increasingly sophisticated methods with which the experimentalists have studied \( \upsilon \) μe scattering, let’s briefly recall how the theoretical interpretation has evolved.
Science in Social Media: Debating the Effects of Readmission Penalties.

The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), which levies financial penalties for excess readmissions after select medical and surgical admissions, has been as widely critiqued as it has been celebrated. On one hand, there have been clinically and statistically significant declines in readmission rates since the announcement of the HRRP in 2012, with the largest improvements occurring in hospitals receiving the largest penalties.1,2 On the other hand, penalties in the program have been disproportionately allocated to academic medical centers and hospitals serving vulnerable populations, leading to concerns about widening disparities in care.3 There has also been mixed evidence that the HRRP has increased the use of emergency departments and observation stays.1,4 But of the myriad effects from the HRRP, none have been as controversial as the effect on patient mortality. There has long been concern that penalties for readmissions might create a perverse incentive whereby patients would be denied appropriate and necessary hospital care, which would increase a patient’s risk of death. Initial evidence exploring this relationship exhibited a weak but statistically significant inverse association between hospital 30-day mortality and readmission rates for patients with congestive heart failure.5 Detecting a meaningful association between reduced readmissions and increased mortality would represent the worst-case scenario for the HRRP. Two recent studies exemplify this controversial topic. In July 2017, a study led by Dr Kumar Dharmarajan and Dr Harlan Krumholz demonstrated that although 30-day mortality rates for congestive heart failure increased overall between 2008 and 2014, the trends in mortality between 2010 and 2012—when readmission declines were the greatest—were comparable with other periods.6 Moreover, the authors found a direct but weak correlation between a hospital’s change in 30-day readmission rate from 2008 to 2014 to its change in 30-day mortality rate. Through traditional publication channels, …
Stored energy release in neutron irradiated silicon carbide

Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to experimentally quantify the stored energy release upon thermal annealing of previously irradiated high-purity silicon carbide (SiC.) Samples of highly-faulted polycrystalline CVD β-SiC and single crystal 6H SiC were irradiated in a mixed spectrum fission reactor near 60 °C in a fluence range from 5 × 1023 to 2 × 1026 n/m2 (E > 0.1 MeV), or about 0.05–20 dpa, in order to quantify the stored energy release and correlate the release to the observed microscopic swelling, lattice dilation, and microstructure as observed through TEM. Within the fluence of this study the crystalline material was observed to swell to a remarkable extent, achieving 8.13% dilation, and then cross a threshold dose for amorphization at approximately 1 × 1025 n/m2 (E > 0.1 MeV) Once amorphized the material attains an as-amorphized swelling of 11.7% at this irradiation condition. Coincident with the extraordinary swelling obtained for the crystalline SiC, an equally impressive stored energy release of greater than 2500 J/g at the critical threshold for amorphization is inferred. As expected, following amorphization the stored energy in the structure diminishes, measured to be approximately 590 J/g. Generally, the findings of stored energy are consistent with existing theory, though the amount of stored energy given the large observed crystalline strain is remarkable. The overall conclusion of this work finds comparable stored energy in SiC to that of nuclear graphite, and similar to graphite, a stored energy release in excess of its specific heat in some irradiation conditions.
Inflammation and Neoplasia of the Pouch in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard restorative procedure after proctocolectomy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who require colectomy. The ileal pouch is susceptible to a variety of adverse outcomes including mechanical insult, ischemia, and infectious agents. There is also a risk for developing low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), or even adenocarcinoma in the pouch. The purpose of this review is to highlight risk factors, clinical presentation, surveillance, and treatment of pouch neoplasia. Patients with pre-colectomy colitis-associated neoplasia are at high risk for developing pouch neoplasia. Other purported risk factors include the presence of family history of colorectal cancer, the presence of concurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic pouchitis, cuffitis, or Crohn’s disease of the pouch. Pouch adenocarcinoma tends to have a poor prognosis. It is recommended to have a combined clinical, endoscopic, and histologic approach in diagnosis and management. Surveillance and management algorithms of pouch neoplasia are proposed, based on the risk stratification.
Effect of Cognitive Reserve on Children With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objectives: Traumatic brain injury can result in cognitive impairments in children. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine to what extent such outcomes are moderated by cognitive reserve, as indexed by parental education. Methods: Sixty 6- to 16-year-old children completed the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fifth Edition (WISC–V) within 30–360 days after having sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Their Full-Scale IQ and factor index scores were compared to those of demographically matched controls. In addition, regression analysis was used to investigate in the TBI group the influence of injury severity in addition to parental education on WISC–V factor index scores. Results: Cognitive reserve moderated the effect of TBI on WISC–V Full Scale IQ, Verbal Comprehension, and Visual Spatial. In the TBI group, it also had a protective effect with regard to performance on the Verbal Comprehension, Visual Spatial, and Fluid Reasoning indices. At the same time, greater injury severity was predictive of lower Visual Spatial and Processing Speed index scores in the TBI group. Conclusions: Cognitive reserve as reflected in parental education has a moderating effect with regard to children’s performance on the WISC–V after TBI, such that higher cognitive reserve is associated with greater preservation of acquired word knowledge and understanding of visual relationships. Measures that emphasize speed of processing remain affected by severity of TBI, even after accounting for the protective effect associated with cognitive reserve. (JINS, 2019, 25, 355–361)