cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vengeance: The Half Hidden Pillager of Our Lives

Vengeance is presented as a destructive, deeply rooted, human tendency to punish without limit those who arouse the sense of injustice. Retribution is distinguished from it principally by being measured out in proportion to the wrong felt, though the two are often fused in individual and corporate life. Vengeance is viewed as rooted in infantile mourning for the felt loss of the mothering figure, but significantly developed through experiences of shame. Retribution, sometimes not distinguished from vengeance, is defended by some sophisticated ethical and legal theorists. Christianity has had a mitigating effect upon vengeance, but further remedies need to be found. Symbolic acts of public reparation at monuments may be one such remedy.
Middle-ear disease in children with cleft palate.

Abstract Objective The objective of this review is to summarize all aspects of middle ear diseases in children with cleft palate (CP). Methods PubMed, Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and The Cochrane Library were searched for English-language randomized control trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, systematic reviews and observational studies published through 31st July 2017. Results Epidemiology and pathogenesis of middle ear diseases in children with cleft palate have been discussed in this review. Methods of Evaluation, CP surgeries, complications and follow up have been detailed for the same. Conclusion Evaluation of middle-ear disease in children with CP begins at birth by a newborn hearing screen. Tympanometry and otoscopy helps screen for middle-ear disease during follow-up visits. Ventilation tube may be placed when indicated based on the patient’s clinical course and presentation. Long-term follow up should be provided to look for the development of cholesteatoma.
An association between MMP-9 and impaired T cell migration in ethanol-fed BALB/c mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus-2A.

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases are important for proper airway matrix structure and wound healing. These enzymes are also implicated in many airway diseases. Previously, chronic ethanol consumption was shown to prolong inflammation and delay viral clearance in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected mice. We hypothesize that alcohol alters anti-viral immunity by disrupting immune cell chemotaxis in the lung. BALB/c mice were randomly selected to consume 18% alcohol ad libitum for 8 weeks prior to infection with RSV-2A. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell populations were measured by flow cytometry, and chemokines were detected by Western blot or ELISA. MMP-9 levels were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in mouse lungs and in BAL fluid by ELISA. T cells were acquired from the spleens of water-fed, non-infected control mice (CTRL); alcohol-fed, non-infected (ETOH); water-fed, RSV-infected (RSV); or ethanol-fed, RSV-infected (ETOH-RSV) 4 days after RSV infection. T cells were placed in a transmigration system where chemokines had been treated with and without activated MMP-9. Lymphocyte recruitment was significantly reduced in the BAL 4 days after RSV infection in ETOH-RSV mice, whereas chemokine levels were the highest in this group at all experimental time points examined in comparison to RSV (p
Continuous Expanding and Contracting Economies

In Morgenstern/Thompson [1976] a fairly complete account was given of the work done on the von Neumann expanding economy model from its inception in 1932 to the mid seventies. Over the years we, and others, had worked to generalize the original model and to remove some of its imperfections. Morgenstern and I always had the goal of making the model economically more realistic, with the eventual aim of creating a model sufficiently close to reality that it could be applied by economic planners to the analysis of real economies. Of course, we did not completely succeed in reaching the goal in that book, but we were able in Chapter 9, to talk about long run planning models for a single economy, and in Chapter 11 to talk about the interactions of several economic models included in a single world model.
Non-canonical cMet regulation by vimentin mediates Plk1 inhibitor–induced apoptosis

To address the need for improved systemic therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we previously demonstrated that mesenchymal NSCLC was sensitive to polo-like kinase (Plk1) inhibitors, but the mechanisms of resistance in epithelial NSCLC remain unknown. Here, we show that cMet was differentially regulated in isogenic pairs of epithelial and mesenchymal cell lines. Plk1 inhibition inhibits cMet phosphorylation only in mesenchymal cells. Constitutively active cMet abrogates Plk1 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Likewise, cMet silencing or inhibition enhances Plk1 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Cells with acquired resistance to Plk1 inhibitors are more epithelial than their parental cells and maintain cMet activation after Plk1 inhibition. In four animal NSCLC models, mesenchymal tumors were more sensitive to Plk1 inhibition alone than were epithelial tumors. The combination of cMet and Plk1 inhibition led to regression of tumors that did not regrow when drug treatment was stopped. Plk1 inhibition did not affect HGF levels but did decrease vimentin phosphorylation, which regulates cMet phosphorylation via β1-integrin. This research defines a heretofore unknown mechanism of ligand-independent activation of cMet downstream of Plk1 and an effective combination therapy.
Automod: material handling companies product of choice - come see why

AutoMod's capability to model large complex automation and material handling systems continues to lead the market. Recent enhancements to AutoMod's material handling systems have increased modeling accuracy and ease-of-use. These advances have made AutoMod one of the most widely used simulation packages. AutoMod's power lies in its performance, scalability and accuracy in detailed modeling of large and complex manufacturing, distribution, automation and logistic operations, leaving the competition behind. Come see why the top material handling companies, high-tech companies, and systems integrators rely on AutoMod to deliver their results!!
Analysis of 129 Myeloablative Double-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation Recipients Demonstrates an Independent Association Between Non-Dominant Unit TNC Dose and Engraftment Suggesting a Facilitation Effect

Introduction : Double-unit cord blood (CB) transplantation (dCBT) has been investigated to augment engraftment in patients without an adequately dosed single CB unit. However, only one unit engrafts in the majority of patients and the role, if any, of the non-dominant unit is not established. Methods : To investigate whether the non-engrafting unit facilitates engraftment of the dominant unit, we studied 129 patients (median age 34 years, 76% > 16 years) who underwent myeloablative dCBT for hematological malignancies at our center in 10/2005-8/2013. Chimerism testing at 21 and 28 days after dCBT was used to identify dominant and non-dominant CB units which could be assigned even in cases of clinical graft failure based on bone marrow chimerism. Results: The cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment at day 45 was 95% (95%CI: 90-98) and occurred at a median of 24 days (range 12-43). The dominant CB unit was the only unit detected in the peripheral blood by day 28 in 111 patients (86%) whereas both the dominant and non-dominant units were detected in the remaining 18 patients [median non-dominant unit contribution to chimerism 20% (range 6-48)]. Recipients of units that had close unit-unit HLA- allele match (7-9/10 vs 1-6/10) were more likely to have both CB units detected at day 28 (27% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.018). However, there was no engraftment advantage associated with persistence of the non-dominant unit 21-28 days post-dCBT with a median neutrophil recovery of 27 days (range 14-34) in those co-engrafting with both units vs 24 days (range 12-43) in those engrafting with a single unit. In univariate analyses, dominant unit infused total nucleated cell (TNC) dose, infused viable CD34+ cell dose, infused viable CD3+ cell dose, infused viable CD3-56+16+ cell dose, and percentage of viable CD34+ cells post-thaw (CD34+ cell viability) were all significantly associated with neutrophil engraftment. However, the TNC (Figure) and CD3+ cell doses of the non -dominant unit were also associated with neutrophil engraftment on univariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, p 5 /kg, HR 1.37, p = 0.006). There was no association in patients whose dominant unit had a higher infused viable CD34+ cell dose (HR 1.03, p = 0.799). Conclusions : While infused viable CD34+ cell dose of the dominant unit is critical, the non-dominant unit TNC dose was also independently associated with neutrophil engraftment after dCBT. Therefore, despite their lack of engraftment, non-dominant units may facilitate engraftment of the dominant units in myeloablative dCBT recipients. These data suggest dCBT is associated with interactions that foster engraftment of the dominant unit. This finding supports continued investigation of dCBT, especially in adults who are more likely to receive units with low CD34+ cell doses. Furthermore, the mechanisms that underlie this observation warrant investigation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Theophylline–associated seizures with “therapeutic” or low toxic serum concentrations

Theophylline-Induced Seizures with “Therapeutic” or Low Toxic Serum Concentrations: PP258 Kelvin Ma;Fred Bahls;Thomas Bird; Neurology
Case Study-based Portable Hands-on Labware for Machine Learning in Cybersecurity

Machine Learning (ML) analyzes, and processes data and develop patterns. In the case of cybersecurity, it helps to better analyze previous cyber attacks and develop proactive strategy to detect and prevent the security threats. Both ML and cybersecurity are important subjects in computing curriculum, but ML for cybersecurity is not well presented there. We design and develop case-study based portable labware on Google CoLab for ML to cybersecurity so that students can access and practice these hands-on labs anywhere and anytime without time tedious installation and configuration which will help students more focus on learning of concepts and getting more experience for hands-on problem solving skills.
Modular repeat protein sculpting using rigid helical junctions.

The ability to precisely design large proteins with diverse shapes would enable applications ranging from the design of protein binders that wrap around their target to the positioning of multiple functional sites in specified orientations. We describe a protein backbone design method for generating a wide range of rigid fusions between helix-containing proteins and use it to design 75,000 structurally unique junctions between monomeric and homo-oligomeric de novo designed and ankyrin repeat proteins (RPs). Of the junction designs that were experimentally characterized, 82% have circular dichroism and solution small-angle X-ray scattering profiles consistent with the design models and are stable at 95 °C. Crystal structures of four designed junctions were in close agreement with the design models with rmsds ranging from 0.9 to 1.6 A. Electron microscopic images of extended tetrameric structures and ∼10-nm-diameter "L" and "V" shapes generated using the junctions are close to the design models, demonstrating the control the rigid junctions provide for protein shape sculpting over multiple nanometer length scales.
Synchrotron infrared nano-spectroscopy and -imaging

Abstract Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has evolved into a powerful analytical technique to probe molecular and lattice vibrations, low-energy electronic excitations and correlations, and related collective surface plasmon, phonon, or other polaritonic resonances. In combination with scanning probe microscopy, near-field infrared nano-spectroscopy and -imaging techniques have recently emerged as a frontier in imaging science, enabling the study of complex heterogeneous materials with simultaneous nanoscale spatial resolution and chemical and quantum state spectroscopic specificity. Here, we describe synchrotron infrared nano-spectroscopy (SINS), which takes advantage of the low-noise, broadband, high spectral irradiance, and coherence of synchrotron infrared radiation for near-field infrared measurements across the mid- to far-infrared with nanometer spatial resolution. This powerful combination provides a qualitatively new form of broadband spatio-spectral analysis of nanoscale, mesoscale, and surface phenomena that were previously difficult to study with IR techniques, or even any form of micro-spectroscopy in general. We review the development of SINS, describe its technical implementations, and highlight selected examples representative of the rapidly growing range of applications in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, geology, and atmospheric and space sciences.
Case Scenario for Fluid Therapy in Septic Shock

Septic shock represents a profound systemic inflammatory derangement with components of functional hypovolemia, altered oxygen delivery, myocardial dysfunction, peripheral vasoplegia, and diffuse capillary leak. In this case scenario, a patient exhibits all of the aforementioned findings with lactic acidosis, elevated troponin, persistent hypotension despite vasopressor use, acute kidney injury, and acute lung injury due to septic shock. In addition to source control and early antibiotic administration, the goals of treatment are early and aggressive fluid resuscitation, maintenance of tissue perfusion, and judicious and balanced application of vasopressor support. As excess fluid balance is associated with worse outcomes, it is the job of the clinician to evaluate the patient’s response to fluid therapy with one of several tools. After adequate fluid resuscitation has been achieved, additional support may be required with vasopressors. As the patient’s clinical course improves the physician should aim to gently ‘de-resuscitate’ excess fluid.
The right upper lobe bronchus angle: A tool for differentiating fibrotic and non-fibrotic sarcoidosis.

Purpose To evaluate the Right Upper Lobe Bronchus Angle (RUL-BA) on chest CT in patients with Stage 4 sarcoidosis and compare to others with non-fibrotic sarcoidosis. Methods IRB approval was obtained for review of all chest CT scans performed from January 2015 through December 2017 that contained the word sarcoidosis using the computer program Montage. The most recent CT scans of 633 people were reviewed. The patients' age and sex at the time of their most recent CT scan were recorded. The radiographic diagnosis and the Right Upper Lobe Bronchus Angle (RUL-BA) were determined by a chest radiologist with 20 years of experience. Results The RUL-BA increased with Stage 4 sarcoidosis, measuring on average 104 degrees, compared to the average angle of 88 degrees for those without fibrotic sarcoid. More often men's CT scans exhibited the earlier stages of sarcoidosis, and a higher number of women's scans showed fibrotic sarcoidosis. As would be expected, scans with advanced disease were typically from older patients; however, there was no correlation between age and degree of fibrosis as measured by increasing RUL-BA. Conclusion The RUL-BA assists radiologists in differentiating fibrotic sarcoidosis from non-fibrotic sarcoidosis. Further research will determine if the RUL-BA measurement can help differentiate fibrotic sarcoid from other fibrotic lung diseases and if the angle can be used to follow disease progression. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2020; 37 (2): 99-103).
Using F-18 Deoxyglucose (FDG) as a biomarker for determining efficacy of 2-Deoxyglucose treatment

502 Objectives: Accelerated glycolysis is a hallmark of cancer. 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) and 18-F Deoxyglucose (FDG) are glucose mimetics that are transported into the cell via Glut 1, phoshporylated to 2-DG-6-P and trapped intracellularly. 2-DG is currently being tested in clinical trials as a small molecule metabolic inhibitor of glycolysis. We hypothesized that the degree of FDG uptake correlates with increased cell sensitivity to 2-DG. Methods: FDG uptake was measured in 10 cell lines. Uptake measurements were performed when the cells were in the exponential growth phase (2 days after plating into 6-well plates). In order to measure FDG uptake, media was removed and replaced with 2ml of media containing 1µCi FDG/ml. Cellular FDG uptake was measured after a 1hr. uptake period. Pilot studies have shown that FDG uptake is linear during this time period and that the FDG concentration in the media decreases by less than 10%. In parallel, the number and size of the cells were measured by an automated system (Beckman Coulter ViCell). From these data the intracellular FDG concentration was calculated by dividing cellular FDG uptake by cellular volume. FDG accumulation was then expressed as a ratio between the intracellular FDG concentration and the FDG concentration in the media, e.g. an accumulation ratio of 5 indicates that FDG is 5-fold concentrated within cells. Sensitivity to 2-DG treatment was determined by incubating cells with 0.1 mg/ml or 0.4 mg/ml 2-DG for three days. Growth inhibition was quantified by dividing the number of viable cells in the treated samples by the number of viable cells in the vehicle treated controls. Cellular viability was assessed by trypan blue staining. The glucose concentration in the media was 2 mg/ml for all experiments. Results: The FDG accumulation ratio ranged from 2.3-10.8 with HCC4006 cells (lung cancer) exhibiting the highest uptake of 10.8 ± 1.19, and LN18 cells (brain cancer) showing the lowest uptake of 2.3 ± 0.23. Growth inhibition by 2-DG ranged from 39.8% to 0% for the 0.1 mg/ml dose, and 65.9% to 0% for the 0.4 mg/ml dose. Sensitivity to 2-DG was highest in HCC4006 cells and lowest in LN18. Doses of 0.1 mg/ml and 0.4 mg/ml 2-DG resulted in a 49.8% and 65.9% growth inhibition in HCC4006 cells, respectively, with no effect seen in LN18 cells. Overall, FDG uptake and 2-DG sensitivity (dose = 0.4 mg/ml) tended to correlate (r2= 0.59; p=0.07). Conclusions: Tumor cell sensitivity to 2-DG treatment is correlated to the degree of FDG uptake in vitro. The degree of FDG uptake might therefore be a useful biomarker for predicting the response to 2-DG therapy and may be useful for patient selection.
A low power multi-frequency current mode lock-in amplifier for impedance sensing

We show the design of a low-power, multi-frequency on-chip current-mode lock-in amplifier for biomedical impedance sensing. This lock-in amplifier obtains the phase and magnitude of the input signals in analog domain and therefore does not require a digital signal processing module. It is composed of translinear bandpass filters, 4-quadrant subthreshold multipliers, translinear low pass filters, translinear pythagorators and dividers. Monte Carlo results show that 80% of the devices will perform according to specifications with a power consumption of 207.7 µW. Experimental results of the bandpass modules show the impedance spectrum can be determined at the 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz and 100 kHz frequency points.
Automatic Test Software

The sections in this article are 1 Terminology 2 Software Development and Test Phases 3 Software Test Methodology 4 Coverage Measures 5 Requirements-Phase Tools 6 Programming-Phase Tools 7 Testing-Phase Tools 8 Identifying the Tools Needed 9 Sources of Information
Vindication, Hume, and Induction

The proponents of the 'vindication' or 'pragmatic justification' of induction have attempted to show that induction will work if any method does. This in turn serves as grounds for their claim that we have everything to gain by using induction and nothing to lose. Hence, they conclude that it is rational to use induction.1 Their claim that induction will work if any mehtod does is based upon the following argument:
Seasonal to multidecadal variability of the width of the tropical belt

[1] An expansion of the tropical belt has been extensively reported in observations, reanalyses, and climate model simulations, but there is a great deal of uncertainty in estimates of the rate of widening as different diagnostics give a wide range of results. This study critically examines robust diagnostics for the width of the tropical belt to explore their seasonality, interannual variability, and multidecadal trends. The width based on the latitudes of the maximum tropospheric dry bulk static stability, measuring the difference in potential temperature between the tropopause and the surface, is found to be closely coupled to the width based on the subtropical jet cores on all time scales. In contrast, the tropical belt width and Northern Hemisphere edge latitudes based on the latitudes at which the vertically averaged stream function vanishes, a measure of the Hadley circulation's poleward edges, lag those of the other diagnostics by approximately 1month. The tropical belt width varies by up to 10° latitude among the diagnostics, with trends in the tropical belt width ranging from −0.5 to 2.0° per decade over the 1979–2012 period. Nevertheless, in agreement with previous studies, nearly all diagnostics exhibit a widening trend, although the stream function diagnostic exhibits a significantly stronger widening than either the jet or dry bulk stability diagnostics. Finally, GPS radio occultation observations are used to assess the ability of the reanalyses to reproduce the tropical belt width, finding that they better situate the latitudes of maximum bulk stability versus those of the subtropical jets.
The Weakness in Strong Intellectual Property Rights

In this fascinating historical study, the author shows how the battle for patents and copyrights often undermined progress. In recent decades, intellectual property rights have been strengthened further. He admits that he has no fixed solution, but he argues the march toward such stronger property rights will have tragic consequences.
Degenerative changes at the neuromuscular junctions of red, white, and intermediate muscle fibers. Part 2. Responses to long stump nerve section and colchicine treatment.

Abstract The ultrastructure at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of red, white, and intermediate skeletal muscle fibers undergoes specific changes following either unilateral severance of the phrenic nerve or unilateral topical treatment of the phrenic nerve with colchicine. Both procedures were performed in the cervical region and produce similar rates of muscle fiber degeneration. The severity of degeneration appears to be related to muscle fiber type with white fibers being most severely affected and red fibers least affected. Degeneration rates of the axon terminal also correlate with fiber type in the order white, intermediate, red. However, the rates of degeneration of the specific axon terminals are more rapid with surgical severance than with colchicine treatment. Statistical analysis of morphometric data indicates that hemidiaphragms denervated surgically exhibited significant axon terminal degeneration before significant muscle degeneration. Conversely, diaphragmatic muscle fibers of colchicine-treated phrenic nerves exhibit significant degeneration before loss of the axon terminal. Despite reversal of the temporal sequence for loss of axonal and muscular components between the two preparations, degenerative characteristics of muscle fiber structure are similar. This suggests that the presence of fiber-specific neurotrophic substances transmitted from the neuronal cell body to the axon terminal and released at the NMJ may be an important factor in the maintenance of normal muscle fiber morphology.
Optimisation of antimicrobial therapy using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters

To understand the relationship between drug dose and efficacy, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics need to be integrated. Patterns of antimicrobial activity fall into one of two major patterns: time-dependent killing and concentration-dependent killing. Time-dependent killing is characteristic of many antibiotic classes, such as β-lactams and macrolides, and seeks to optimise the duration of exposure of a pathogen to an antimicrobial. The major PK/PD parameter correlating with efficacy of time-dependent antimicrobials is the serum concentration present for 40–50% of the dosing interval, and this concentration is the susceptibility limit or breakpoint for the dosing regimen used. The second pattern, concentration-dependent killing, seeks to maximise antimicrobial concentration and is seen with aminoglycosides, quinolones and azalides. The major PK/PD parameter correlating with efficacy of these agents is the 24-h area under the curve to MIC ratio, which should be ≥25 for less severe infections or in immunocompetent hosts, and ≥100 in more severe infections or in immunocompromised hosts. PK/PD breakpoints for concentration-dependent agents can therefore be calculated from the formula AUC ÷ 25. This enables development of PK/PD breakpoints based on the above parameters for time- and concentration-dependent agents for defined dosing regimens. For an antimicrobial to be useful empirically, the MIC 90 s of the agent against the common pathogens responsible for the disease being treated should be below the PK/PD breakpoint. This is particularly important for oral dosing regimens for treating emerging resistant respiratory tract pathogens, where efficacy against the predominant pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, is required.
Occupation and Bladder Cancer Risk

This study examines the estimated risk of bladder cancer associated with various occupations among 1,465 cases identified in Orange County, California, during 1984-1988. The annual age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population in Orange County was similar to that of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute: 25.7 in males and 6.2 in females. Cases were compared with a sample of Orange County residents relative to broad category of current occupation, adjusted for age and cigarette smoking. The estimated relative risks were significant for males in machine trades (relative risk (RR) = 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-5.82) and processing occupations (RR = 5.77, 95% CI 1.43-23.27) and for females in machine trades (RR = 8.34, 95% CI 1.14-61.17) and homemakers (RR = 5.37, 95% CI 2.40-11.99) as compared with individuals of the same sex in professional, technical, and managerial occupations.
The Fe(III), Co(III), and V(III) Complexes of the "Heteroscorpionate" Ligand (2-Thiophenyl)bis(pyrazolyl)methane

The synthesis and characterization of the tridentate “heteroscorpionate” mixed functionality ligand, (2-thiophenyl)bis(pyrazolyl)methane, L1, is reported. This ligand was used to synthesize the complexes, [Fe(L1)2][ClO4], [Co(L1)2][BPh4], and [V(L1)2][BPh4]. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the latter two complexes gave the following structural parameters: [V(L1)2][BPh4]·MeCN·iPr2O, C58H57N9B1O1S2V1, monoclinic, a = 16.197(2) A, b = 19.281(2) A, c = 17.985(2) A, β = 102.343(9)°, space group P21/c; [Co(L1)2][BPh4]·CH2Cl2, C51H42N8B1Cl2Co1S2, triclinic, a = 12.751(1) A, b = 12.830(1) A, c = 14.740(1) A, α = 98.351(7)°, β = 98.122(6)°, γ = 97.023(8)°, space group P1. An example of the use of this new class of “heteroscorpionate” ligands for systematic comparisons of electronic properties of metal complexes with identical topology that vary only in the nature of one of the donor atoms is given.
Genes and environment have gender-independent influences on the eating and drinking of free-living humans.

Abstract de CASTRO, J. M. Genes and environment have gender-independent influences on the eating and drinking of free-living humans. PHYSIOL BEHAV 63(3) 385–395, 1998.—Males and females differ in the amounts of food and fluids they ingest. Previous studies suggest that this may be due to differences in genetic influences on intake. Gender differences in the heritability of food and fluid intake were investigated with 110 identical and 102 fraternal same-sex and 53 fraternal mixed-gender adult twin pairs who were paid to maintain 7-day food intake diaries. Linear structural modeling revealed significant genetic influences on the overall and meal intakes of foods and fluids and specific beverage and food types. No gender differences were found in the genes that influence intake or, for the most part, in the magnitude of the genetic influences on intake. However, gender differences were found for the between-meal intakes of fluids, being influenced by heredity for males but by common, familial, environment for females. The data suggest that intakes are equivalently influenced by inheritance and individual environment for both males and females and that most gender differences are due to a simple multiplicative difference between intakes possibly due to body size and/or caloric expenditure differences.
On surface-plasmon-polariton waves guided by the interface of a metal and a rugate filter with a sinusoidal refractive-index profile. Part II: high-phase-speed solutions

In continuation of a previous paper [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B27, 2218 (2010)], by solving a canonical boundary-value problem we found that the planar interface of a metal and a rugate filter can guide surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves with phase speeds greater than the speed of light in free space. These SPP waves can be either p or s polarized, and can have extremely high phase speeds, but are very loosely bound to the metal/rugate-filter interface. In two practically implementable configurations with both partnering materials of finite thickness, both p- and s-polarized SPP waves with high phase speeds can be excited, provided that the thickness of the rugate filter is much larger than needed for SPP waves with low phase speeds.
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis

Voice samples of 16 adult patients with vocal fold paralysis and 6 normal adults were recorded and evaluated by 27 listeners (9 speech-language pathologists, 9 otolaryngologists, and 9 lay listeners). The listeners rated the voices of the speakers on a 10-point scale on six vocal parameters (pitch, loudness, hoarseness, vocal roughness, breathiness, and overall quality). The 16 patients represented three different treatment approaches (teflon injection, 4; voice therapy, 6; and muscle-nerve reinnervation surgery, 6). Voice therapy and muscle nerve reinnervation surgery were both rated more successful than teflon injection in terms of improvement from pretreatment to posttreatment voices for all six vocal parameters. Normal speakers’ voices were rated higher than the voices of any treatment group. Speech-language pathologists were more reliable listeners than the other two listener groups. A case is made for using a period of trial voice therapy while waiting for possible spontaneous nerve healing in unila...
Missile injuries of the abdomen in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia.

One hundred and thirteen patients with missile injuries of the abdomen were seen over a 3-year period at one hospital in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia. The details of these injuries and the results of their treatment are presented. Twenty-four patients died (21 per cent). Twenty of these patients had sustained high velocity missile injuries, 18 had damaged colons and 3 died from major vascular injuries before surgery. Excluding these last 3 patients, the mortality rate for high velocity wounds of the colon was 52 per cent and that for all other patients was 6 per cent (P less than 0.01). More than half the postoperative deaths were due to septicaemia. The importance is stressed is stressed of early and effective resuscitation, including appropriate antibiotic therapy and rapid evacuation to facilities for major surgery. Language: en
Antiproton production as a baryonometer in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions

Abstract We propose that measurements of the antiproton and proton yields in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions can provide a sensitive probe of the spacetime evolution in these reactions. We estimate the antiproton suppression expected due to annihilation processes for collisions in the energy range s =10–200 A GeV .
A continuous 3He cryostat with pulse-tube pre-cooling and optical access

Abstract We have designed and constructed a continuously operating 3 He cryostat with windows for laser ablation and spectroscopy. A two-stage pulse-tube refrigerator cools two platforms to base temperatures of approximately 40 K and 4 K respectively. The platforms are equipped with heat exchangers that cool separate streams of 4 He and 3 He. The 4 He stream is used to run a thermally isolated evaporative refrigerator with a base temperature of approximately 1.5 K and a cooling power of 20 mW. The 4 He refrigerator is used to condense 3 He, which is used to run a 3 He evaporative refrigerator on the experimental cell. The cryostat runs continuously at temperatures from 10 K to 0.4 K with a cooling power of 1.5 mW at 0.5 K.
Programmed translational frameshifting in a gene required for yeast telomere replication.

Abstract Background: Telomeres are replicated in most eukaryotes by the enzyme telomerase, a specialized reverse transcriptase. A genetic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae designed to detect telomerase components previously led to the identification of four EST (‘ever shorter telomeres') genes which are required for telomerase function in vivo . This report describes the cloning and characterization of EST3 . Results: We identified a potential site of +1 ribosomal frameshifting in the EST3 coding sequence and demonstrated that translation both upstream and downstream of this site is required for EST3 function. Mutation of EST3 such that it could not frameshift resulted in a strain with the same phenotype as an est3 null mutant, showing that EST3 frameshifting is required for telomere replication. Immunoblot analysis revealed that two proteins were synthesized from EST3 : a truncated protein resulting from translation of only the first open reading frame, as well as the full-length 181 amino-acid Est3 protein resulting from translation through the frameshift site. Only the full-length Est3 protein was required for normal EST3 function. Conclusions: A programmed translational frameshifting mechanism similar to that used by yeast retrotransposons is employed to produce full-length Est3 protein. This is the first example in yeast of a cellular gene that uses frameshifting to make its protein product, and a potential link is suggested between retrotransposition and the telomerase pathway for telomere maintenance.
NanoStriDE: normalization and differential expression analysis of NanoString nCounter data.

Background The nCounter analysis system (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA) is a technology that enables the digital quantification of multiplexed target RNA molecules using color-coded molecular barcodes and single-molecule imaging. This system gives discrete counts of RNA transcripts and is capable of providing a high level of precision and sensitivity at less than one transcript copy per cell.
Reframing one's teaching: Discovering our teacher selves through reflection and inquiry

Abstract Learning to teach is a highly complex and multidimensional process. This self-study, conducted collaboratively by a preservice teacher and a teacher educator, traces one preservice teacher's development and growth over a 2-year period. The study examines the complexities of learning to teach, as well as the complexities of assisting preservice teachers on their journey to becoming teachers. The data were derived from multiple sources including observation notes, journal reflections, dialogue journals, and the student's action research/self-study paper. The results provide insight into how preservice teachers think, the conflicts they experience, the fears they encounter, and the benefits they derive from systematically examining their teaching and their students’ learning. The article describes specific attitudes and dispositions that can impact growth and development. In addition, it discusses a variety of activities to foster reflection and inquiry.
Interaction of (1×2)-reconstructed Si(100) and Ag(110):Cs surfaces with C 60 overlayers

The structure of the Si(100)-(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) surface, after room-temperature deposition of a thin film of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, has been examined with grazing-incidence synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) surface reconstruction is well preserved under the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ overlayer. The measured fractional-order diffraction intensities, similar to those reported for the clean Si(100)-(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) surface, are analyzed in terms of a dimer model. A similar investigation has been carried out for another (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) reconstructed surface, a Cs-doped Ag(110), to test the generality of the preservation of surface reconstructions under a ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ cap layer. In this case, the (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) reconstruction is suppressed by the deposition of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$.
Prevalence and patterns of smokeless tobacco use in a southeastern university.

The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and patterns of use for tobacco products, especially, the use of smokeless tobacco among students at a university in the Southeastern United States. Six-hundred and thirty-two students, representing both sexes, participated in the survey, which elicited information regarding current and former use of tobacco products. Smokeless tobacco use was considerably more prevalent among male students than among female students; the reverse was true for cigarette smoking. Overall, the prevalence of tobacco use in this study indicates a need to begin health education programs regarding the adverse health effects of smokeless tobacco use with males and to revise smoking education programs to place more emphasis on female usage.
Electron microscopic investigation of the cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the gerbil.

Abstract Prompt dendritic damage has been observed in the hippocampus of the gerbil brain after transient cerebral ischemia. In the present study, we studied the frontoparietal cortex of the gerbil brain electron microscopically after brief bilateral carotid occlusion to assess the vulnerability of dendritic processes. After ischemia for 5 min, there was swelling of the periphery of dendrites accompanied by swelling of mitochondria, cytoplasmic vacuolation and disintegration of microtubules in layer I, which spread to layer III after ischemia for 20 min. After reperfusion for 3–24 h following ischemia for 20 min, swelling in the periphery of dendrites and of mitochondria inside receded but vacuole formation and disintegration of microtubules propagated proximally. In neuronal perikarya, polyribosomal disaggregation was observed after ischemia for 20 min and persisted thereafter, while fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and microvacuolation occured after reperfusion for 3 h. Electron-dense clumping of neuronal perikarya was observed after reperfusion for 6 h particularly in layers III and Vb, which increased in number for up to 72 h. The observed progressive damage in dendrites may be common to neurons vulnerable to cerebral ischemia and may significantly contribute to development of delayed neuronal death.
Frame synchronization performance of SONET signals

Abstract This paper investigates the frame synchronization performance of the current SONET signal. The main result is the demonstration of degradation in the frame synchronization performance of the higher level STS- N s. Since STS- N has a framing pattern which is N times longer than STS-1, the framing is more easily corrupted by transmission errors. A long framing pattern reduces the probability of random data mismatching the frame pattern; however, beyond a certain framing length, this mismatch is quiete unlikely. Increasing the framing length worsens both search and maintenance performance. Therefore, it is proposed that the framing pattern of all the higher level STS- N s ( N > 3) be 48 bits (the framing length of the current STS-3). An analysis of the proposed approach shows an improvement in frame search and maintenance performance of high level STS- N s while holding the performance of low STS-1 and STS-3 at the same level as the current SONET signal.
Effect of Lye Peeling Conditions on Sweet Potato Tissue

Heat penetration effects on sweet potato tissue resulting from three lye peeling treatments were evaluated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Heat-mediated starch gelatinization, cell wall separation, chromoplast disruption, and enzymatic discoloration were observed in varying degrees according to the peeling treatment. Starch gelatinization, cell wall separation, and chromoplast disruption decreased in the order: 15-min peel; 30-min pre-soak (water 78–83°C), followed by a 6-min peel; 6-min peel. Discoloration occurred in significant amounts only in the 6-min peel because heat penetration was sufficient to disrupt lacticifer organization but insufficient to inactivate the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme. The 30-min pre-soak, 6-min peel treatment provided the most attractive finished product.
Curriculum Theory as Metaphor

(1982). Curriculum theory as metaphor. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 21, Curriculum Theory, pp. 11-17.
Addison's disease secondary to metastatic carcinoma: an example of adrenocortical and adrenomedullary insuffiency.

Adrenal insufficiency developed in a 42-year-old woman with carcinoma of the lung. Adrenocortical production was assessed by the excretory rates of mineral-ocorticoids (aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone), glucocorticoids (17-hydroxysteroids), and 17-ketosteroids, while adrenomedullary production was assessed by the excretory rate of epinephrine. Additionally, plasma cortisol was measured before and after adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation, and urinary epinephrine was determined before and after insulin-induced hypo-glycemia. These studies revealed a reduction in adrenocortical and adrenomedullary excretion as well as an absence of adrenocortical and adrenomedullary reserve. Seven other cases of adrenal insufficiency secondary to metastatic carcinoma were found in the literature in which steroid studies documented the diagnosis. These cases are reviewed and compared to the present case. Although carcinoma frequently metastasizes to the adrenal, development of adrenal insufficiency is rare and recognition occurs even less frequently.
Adaptive Privacy-Preserving Authentication in Vehicular Networks

Vehicular networks have attracted extensive attentions in recent years for their promises in improving safety and enabling other value-added services. Most previous work focuses on designing the media access and physical layer protocols. Privacy issues in vehicular systems have not been well addressed. We argue that privacy is a user-specific concept, and a good privacy protection mechanism should allow users to select the degrees of privacy they wish to have. To address this requirement, we propose an adaptive privacy-preserving authentication mechanism that can trade off the privacy degree with computational and communication overheads (resource usage). This mechanism, to our knowledge, is the first effort on adaptive privacy-preserving authentication. We present analytical and preliminary simulation results to show that the proposed protocol is not only adaptive but also scalable.
A discussion of the Korzhinskii and Thompson treatment of thermodynamic equilibrium in open systems

Abstract The potential function G 0 , and the new phase rule recently proposed to deal with thermodynamic equilibrium in open rock systems are critically reviewed. The conclusions are drawn that the function G 0 contributes nothing fundamental to the treatment of open systems in petrology. The new phase rule and the related concept of perfectly mobile components are not applicable to metasomatic zoning, and the new phase rule is an undesirable statement of the Gibbs phase rule which presents temptation for misinterpretation of the nature and limitations of the phase rule in petrologic analysis.
Influence of pH and added gums on the properties of konjac flour gels

Summary The gel strength and texture of konjac gel and mixed gels of konjac and various gums were measured after gelation at various concentrations of alkali. A selection of different alkaline reagents was used. Regardless of alkali concentration, increasing konjac levels caused a decrease in pH but an increase in hardness and strength of konjac/gellan gum mixed gels. The highest gel strength and hardness were given by mixed konjac/gellan gum gels using sodium carbonate as the gelling medium. Under similar gelling conditions, the addition of gellan gum resulted in the greatest gel hardness. Of the gums examined, a possible synergistic effect on konjac/gellan gum mixed gel texture was observed.
Spread Footings in Sand: Load Settlement Curve Approach

A study of the assumptions involved in the ultimate bearing capacity equation indicates the shortcomings of that equation and load test data confirm these shortcomings. A new approach using a normalized load settlement curve is proposed to alleviate these shortcomings and to obtain the complete load settlement curve for a footing in sand. The normalization consists of plotting the mean footing pressure divided by a measure of the soil strength within the depth of influence of the footing versus the settlement divided by the footing width. It is shown that the normalized load settlement curve for a footing is independent of footing size and embedment. It is proposed to obtain the normalized curve point-by-point from a soil test. Because the deformation of the soil observed under full-scale footings during loading indicates a barreling effect similar to the soil deformation around a pressuremeter probe, the preboring pressuremeter curve is used to obtain the footing curve. The new method consists of transforming the preboring pressuremeter curve point-by-point into the footing load settlement curve. Load tests and numerical simulations are used to propose a method for a rectangular footing near a slope subjected to an eccentric and inclined load. The new method gives the complete load settlement curve for the footing and alleviates the problems identified with the bearing capacity equation.
Improvement of terahertz imaging with a dynamic subtraction technique

By use of dynamic subtraction it is feasible to adopt phase-sensitive detection with a CCD camera to reduce long-term optical background drift. We report on a two-order improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio. The improved system is used to image terahertz field distribution generated by an optically rectified electro-optic crystal with a modulation depth as small as 10-4. We also introduce a modified detection geometry that realizes near-field imaging capability with greatly improved spatial resolution.