cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of Unstructured Data Transmission Protocol for Electrical Information Acquisition System

According to the characteristics of the communication protocol of the electrical information acquisition system, an extension scheme of the communication protocol of the electrical information acquisition system supporting the unstructured data transmission is proposed. First of all, extend the length domain of application layer protocol DL/T 698.45 and some attributes and methods of file block transmission management object, extend the broadcast command and event reporting command of interface protocol Q/GDW 1376.2. Secondly, the long frame mode and multicast frame mode are used in the remote and local transmission processes, and the key parameters in the communication protocol are analyzed and determined. Finally, the feasibility of the scheme is verified by the time-consuming test file upgrade. This solution is useful for the development of unstructured data transmission protocol of electrical information acquisition system.
Resilience theory and research in engineering education: what good can it do?

Resilience is an important life skill that most students need to overcome setbacks caused by academically adverse factors. However, engineering educators mostly only focus on supporting students to...
Spontaneous and Ion-Specific Formation of Inverted Bilayers at Air/Aqueous Interface

Amphiphilic lipid-ion interactions at aqueous interfaces drive the assisted ion transport in various biological and industrial systems. In chemical separations of heavy elements, lipids coordinate metal ions and solubilize them in an organic phase. Direct observation of lipid-metal interactions is highly difficult at the buried oil/water interface, and is accessible with limited experiments. Here, we demonstrate that inverted bilayer structures previously observed at oil/aqueous interfaces can also be formed at the air/aqueous interface. This facilitates the easier study of lipid-ion interactions over a wide range of parameters with multiple probes, including synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (XR), X-ray fluorescence near total reflection (XFNTR), and vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (VSFG). The formation of bilayers is highly sensitive to the metal ion charge density. While Lu3+ (115 C/mm3) lead to bilayer formation, Nd3+ (82 C/mm3) and Sr2+ (33 C/mm3) lead to monolayers. By introducing Lu3+ ions to preformed lipid monolayers, we extract kinetic parameters corresponding to monolayer to inverted bilayer conversion. Temperature-dependent studies show Arrhenius behavior with an energy barrier of 40 kcal/mol. The kinetics of monolayer to inverted bilayer conversion is also affected by the presence of background salts where thiocyanate accelerates the conversion more than nitrate does. Our results show the outsized importance of ion-specific effects on interfacial structure and kinetics, pointing to their role in chemical separation methods. Finally, this model system can be used to study a wide variety of lipid-ion interactions, opening a new avenue in molecular-scale understanding of these important systems.
Site-Specific Bone Differences and Energy Status in Male Competitive Runners and Road Cyclists: Bone in Runners and Cyclists

ABSTRACT The interaction between mechanical loading and energy availability on bone health in male endurance athletes merits further investigation. The purpose of this study was to compare bone status in male competitive runners and road cyclists and to investigate the influence of energy availability on bone mineral density (BMD). 18 competitive runners and 19 road cyclists (20-50 years) participated in this study. Areal BMD (aBMD) and body composition were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Volumetric bone variables at the 4% and 66% tibia sites were assessed by pQCT. Energy availability (EA, 7-day dietary and exercise logs) and resting metabolic rate (RMR, open circuit spirometry) were measured as indicators of energy status. Bone loading history, calcium intake, and training history were assessed by questionnaires. After adjusting for age, runners had significantly greater (p
Using Perilog to Explore Decision Making at NASA

Perilog, a context intensive text mining system, is used as a discovery tool to explore topics and concerns in "Decision Making at NASA," chapter 6 of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) Report, Volume I. Two examples illustrate how Perilog can be used to discover highly significant safety-related information in the text without prior knowledge of the contents of the document. A third example illustrates how "if-then" statements found by Perilog can be used in logical analysis of decision making. In addition, in order to serve as a guide for future work, the technical details of preparing a PDF document for input to Perilog are included in an appendix.
Topological defect dynamics in operando battery nanoparticles

Topological defects can markedly alter nanomaterial properties. This presents opportunities for “defect engineering,” where desired functionalities are generated through defect manipulation. However, imaging defects in working devices with nanoscale resolution remains elusive. We report three-dimensional imaging of dislocation dynamics in individual battery cathode nanoparticles under operando conditions using Bragg coherent diffractive imaging. Dislocations are static at room temperature and mobile during charge transport. During the structural phase transformation, the lithium-rich phase nucleates near the dislocation and spreads inhomogeneously. The dislocation field is a local probe of elastic properties, and we find that a region of the material exhibits a negative Poisson’s ratio at high voltage. Operando dislocation imaging thus opens a powerful avenue for facilitating improvement and rational design of nanostructured materials.
Stability control using PEBS method and analytical sensitivity of the transient energy margin

This paper introduces a stability control scheme based on a Lyapunov direct method, the potential energy boundary surface (PEBS) method, and analytical sensitivity of the transient energy margin. It classifies the stability control means into two categories, admittance-based control (ABC) and generator input-based control (GIBC), and uses a comprehensive method to analyze the contribution of each control. The scheme can get the optimal control from all the available control means by sensitivity analysis and then verify it in the transient stability program. Fast and accurate control goal is obtained from this stability control scheme.
Metrics That Matter: Measuring and Improving the Value of Service

This chapter features two metrics for the value of service and provides how-to advice for using them to attribute value, improve service, create service-innovation roadmaps, select metrics, and promote service science. The chapter also presents perspective and advice regarding service offerings and measurement and provides examples of using the two metrics.
Relationship of feeding human milk by breast versus bottle with infant growth

Research suggests that infants fed human milk from a bottle versus the breast may have higher weight gains in the first six to 12 months of life. The purpose of this study was to determine if infants fed human milk directly from the breast differed in growth and adiposity measurements compared to those fed human milk from the bottle. Infant's weight, length, and tricep and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured at two, four, and six months of age. Mothers reported infant birth weight and length and completed monthly questionnaires on infant feeding practices (e.g., number of human milk feedings by bottle or breast per day, age of introduction to complementary foods, and infant bottle-emptying behavior). Infants were placed into two groups based on their reported mode of feeding at three months: Nursing Group (NG, n=15), infants fed predominantly at the breast with less than 25% of the daily feeds from a bottle and Bottle Group (BG, n=10), infants fed human milk from the bottle 25% or more of the daily feeds. Change in BMI z-scores from two to four months were significantly different between groups (NG=-0.16 ± 0.62 vs. BG=0.56 ± 0.99, p=0.03). Change in BMI z-scores from four to six months were no longer significantly different between groups (NG=0.32 ± 0.62 vs. BG=0.60 ± 0.65, p=0.3). Changes in skinfold thickness measures and z-scores were not statistically different between groups at any age. Weight gain velocity was compared to WHO weight velocity standards. Only three infants in each group exceeded the 75th percentile for weight gain velocity from two to four months, and two in each group from four to six months. The majority of parents reported those infants fed human milk from the bottle finished the bottle “most of the time” or “always.” None of the infants were introduced to complementary foods before four months. The results of this study suggest that bottle-feeding human milk may be related to differences in weight gain during two to four months. However, follow up for a longer time period with a larger sample size is necessary to fully investigate the relationship of bottle-feeding with infant growth.
Fast attribute-based table clustering using Predicate-Trees: A vertical data mining approach

With technological advancements, massive amount of data is being collected in various domains. For instance, since the advent of digital image technology and remote sensing imagery RSI, NASA and U.S. Geological Survey through the Landsat Data Continuity Mission, has been capturing images of Earth down to 15 meters resolution. Likewise, consider the Internet, where, growth of social media, blog Web sites, etc. generates exponential amount of textual data on a daily basis. Since clustering of data is time-consuming, much of these data is archived even before proper analysis. In this paper, we propose two novel and extremely fast algorithms called imgFAUST or Fast Attribute-based Unsupervised and Supervised Table Clustering for images and a variation called docFAUST for textual data. Both these algorithms are based on Predicate-Trees which are compressed, lossless and data-mining-ready data structures. Without compromising much on the accuracy, our algorithms are fast and can be effectively used in high-speed image data and document analysis.
Isotope Methods – Homogeneous

The article reviews the use of isotopes to determine mechanisms of homogeneously catalyzed reactions. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and equilibrium isotope effects (EIEs) on single steps as well as those on complete catalytic cycles are considered. Coverage includes EIEs and KIEs for the addition and elimination of H2 and hydrocarbons to metal complexes. Isotope effects for proton, hydrogen atom, and hydride transfer to and from metal complexes, along with insertions into metal–hydrogen bonds, are discussed in detail. Isotope effects on olefin polymerization, oxidation, hydrogenation, and hydroformylation are discussed. Isotope effects on spectroscopic properties are included by way of discussion and interpretation. Keywords: kinetic isotope effect; equilibrium isotope effect; deuterium
Amniotic fluid β-endorphin and β-lipotropin concentrations during the second and third trimesters

Amniotic fluid beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) were measured by radioimmunoassay after silicic acid extraction and gel chromatographic separation of the two peptides in uncomplicated second-trimester and term pregnancies, in diabetic patients at term, and in pregnancies complicated by Rh-isoimmunization, premature labor, and intrauterine growth retardation. Furthermore, the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios as well as the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol levels were determined in most of the amniotic fluid specimens. Both the mean (+/- SE) beta-EP (65.3 +/- 9.1 fmol/ml) and beta-LPH (150 +/- 15.8 fmol/ml) concentrations were significantly higher in the 20 patients with normal pregnancies of 16 to 21 weeks' duration than those found in 21 patients with uncomplicated term pregnancies of 38 weeks' gestation, averaging 42.6 +/- 6.0 and 80.1 +/- 10.7 fmol/ml, respectively. The mean amniotic fluid beta-EP and beta-LPH concentrations measured in the latter subjects were similar to those observed in 23 diabetic patients with otherwise uncomplicated term pregnancies. The mean amniotic fluid beta-EP and beta-LPH levels found in the limited number of patients with Rh-isoimmunization (N = 9), premature labor (n = 8), and intrauterine growth retardation (n = 5) with pregnancies of 24 to 36, 24 to 36, and 34 to 38 weeks' gestation, respectively, were not significantly different from the mean amniotic fluid beta-EP and beta-LPH concentrations of uncomplicated term pregnancies. In all patients but those with Rh-isoimmunization, beta-EP concentrations exhibited a positive correlation with beta-LPH levels. However, the molar beta-LPH:beta-EP ratio was significantly lower at term than during the early second trimester. Neither beta-EP nor beta-LPH correlated with the amniotic fluid L/S ratio and only beta-LPH exhibited a significant inverse correlation with amniotic fluid DHEA-S. The latter was significantly higher in uncomplicated term than second-trimester pregnancies. These results confirm that immunoassayable beta-EP is present in amniotic fluid and declines toward term. These data demonstrate that immunoassayable beta-LPH is present in amniotic fluid and show a more pronounced decrease toward the end of pregnancy than beta-EP. Neither peptide, at least on account of the amniotic fluid levels, appears to be associated with fetal maturation. The physiologic significance of amniotic fluid beta-EP and beta-LPH and their possible role as markers of fetal response to stress remain to be elucidated.
A multi-temperature multiphase flow model

In this paper we formulate a multiphase model with nonequilibrated temperatures but with equal velocities and pressures for each species. Turbulent mixing is driven by diffusion in these equations. The closure equations are defined in part by reference to a more exact chunk mix model developed by the authors and coworkers which has separate pressures, temperatures, and velocities for each species. There are two main results in this paper. The first is to identify a thermodynamic constraint, in the form of a process dependence, for pressure equilibrated models. The second is to determine one of the diffusion coefficients needed for the closure of the equilibrated pressure multiphase flow equations, in the incompressible case. The diffusion coefficients depend on entrainment times derived from the chunk mix model. These entrainment times are determined here first via general formulas and then explicitly for Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov large time asymptotic flows. We also determine volume fractions for these flows, using the chunk mix model.
Teachers' Perceptions of Examining Students' Thinking: Changing Mathematics Instructional Practice.

AbstractThis paper seeks to illuminate teachers’ perceptions of the challenges and benefits of systematically examining students’ thinking as part of a professional development program in elementary mathematics education. Using a framework of models of conceptual change and principles of discomfort, three elementary teachers’ perceptions of their experiences with reform-oriented mathematics instruction and systematically examining students’ thinking were analyzed. Analysis of interview data yielded five organizing themes. Findings offer insight into understanding the efficacy of examining students’ thinking as a professional development strategy.
Are Millennials Really the “Go-Nowhere” Generation?

Problem, research strategy, and findings: News reports and academic articles contend that Millennials (those born in the last two decades of the 20th century) are different from earlier generations...
Iyengar Yoga Therapy as an Intervention for Cramp Management in Individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Three Case Reports

Abstract Objectives: Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons, experience cramps at all stages of the illness. There is, at present, no effective medication to control the cramps and no agreement on how to treat the symptom in ALS patients. Subjects: Three individuals who were diagnosed with ALS and reported suffering cramps in various parts of the body, which limited their activities or affected their sleep were invited to try Iyengar yoga. Intervention and outcome: Yoga therapy, composed of stretching, breathing, and relaxation exercises, was prescribed for each case, based on the subject's physical disability and the presence of other symptoms. Although two subjects experienced cramps during the first therapy session, all three subjects reported the complete cessation of cramping within 3 weeks to 8 weeks of therapy. One of the subjects developed cramps in the hand after discontinuing yoga therapy for 7 months. However, the symptom stopped within 2...
Growth of Vero E-6 cells on microcarriers in a cell bioreactor.

Minimum essential medium supplemented with either 7% fetal bovine serum or 2% fetal bovine serum and 1.5% low protein serum replacement (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.) factor was used to evaluate the growth of Vero 76 cells (E-6 clone) in a cell culture bioreactor. Three different microcarriers, collagen-coated polystyrene (Kontes Life Sciences Products, Vineland, N.J.), Gelibead (Hazelton Research Products, Inc., Lenexa, Kans.), and Cytodex 3 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Piscataway, N.J.), were used to compare the propagation of these anchorage-dependent cells. The number of viable cells recovered during three harvests over an 11-day incubation period was evaluated. The Vero E-6 cells grew equally well with both media. When the collagen-coated dextran microcarriers (Cytodex 3) were used, better cell attachment and higher-density growth were obtained and 5.5 x 10(8) to 7.0 x 10(8) cells were recovered from the system.
Behavioral Complexity: A Review

The theoretical basis of behavioral complexity theory is reviewed. A selection of recent research data are considered under topics of interest to behavioral science and related disciplines.
Design of high-speed high-accuracy current copiers for low-voltage analog signal processing applications

For high-accuracy current-mode circuits, their basic building blocks, current copiers, determine their speed and accuracy. A current copier suffers from two major error effects which are due to nonzero output conductance and clock feedthrough. This brief presents a simple current copier with a negative-feedback structure to alleviate the error due to nonzero output conductance, where the feedback amplifier is implemented by a bipolar inverter with high voltage gain and large bandwidth. This brief also presents the design constraints and trade-off for reducing the error due to the clock feedthrough. The PSPICE simulation results show that the copier achieves an accuracy of more than 10 b with a settling time within 6 ns for the input currents ranged from 0.5 to 3 mA, where a power supply of 3.3 V and a 2 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process are assumed. Thus, this current copier is well suited to the high-accuracy high-speed and low-voltage analog signal processing applications.
PCB-resistant diatoms in the Hudson River estuary

Diatom cells that are resistant, as well as sensitive, to the toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are widespread throughout the highly polluted Hudson River estuary. A study of the distribution of PCB resistance among populations of the diatoms, Thalassiosira nordenskioldii and Asterionella glacialis, revealed few spatial or temporal patterns for the trait during spring and summer. The number of estuarine clones of A. glacialis tolerant of more than 25 ppb of PCB was greater than twice the number of clones isolated from nearshore waters at Sandy Hook, NJ. This suggests that selection pressure for PCB resistance is greater in the estuary than in the New York Bight apex. If specific sites of selection exist, the mixing of cells within the estuary may be rapid enough to distribute resistant clones throughout the estuary, or the selection process may involve a generalized response to a multitude of pollutants. Several clones of both species tested were not only tolerant of PCB, but were actually enhanced in their growth in the presence of PCB. Such clones were distributed throughout the estuary during both seasons. Selection in the estuary favours not only resistant strains of diatoms, but forms that may utilize organic pollutants.
Occurrence of multiple myeloma in both donor and recipient after bone marrow transplantation.

The transplantation of malignant cells during allogeneic transplant is a rare occurrence. 27 months after donating progenitor cells, a diagnosis of multiple myeloma was made in a 6/6 HLA-phenotypically matched unrelated donor. The 42-year-old recipient transplanted for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia developed IgA myeloma 40 months after transplantation. Serum electrophoresis and bone marrow investigations established the diagnosis of IgA K multiple myeloma in both. This case illustrates the natural history and biology of multiple myeloma.
The Interaction of Mood and Rumination in Depression: Effects on Mood Maintenance and Mood-Congruent Autobiographical Memory

Rumination is a response to distress in which individuals focus repetitively on their feelings and the causes and consequences of those feelings. When induced to ruminate, dysphorics exhibit more negative mood and recall more negative memories, but these effects are not seen in nondysphorics. This pattern of results could be due to trait-like differences between dysphoric and nondysphoric individuals, or to the high levels of negative affect that dysphorics are experiencing at the time of rumination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of pre-rumination mood on post-rumination mood and subsequent memory. Participants scoring high or low in depressive symptoms were assigned to either a positive or negative emotion induction prior to ruminating and completing an autobiographical memory task. Analysis of self-reported mood indicates that both emotion inductions were effective. Surprisingly, all participants returned to baseline mood levels following the rumination induction, and emotion induction had no effect on the negativity of the memories recalled. Dysphorics recalled significantly more negative memories than nondysphorics, regardless of whether positive, neutral, or negative memories were specifically prompted. Our results indicated that the prolonged experience of dysphoria may have greater effects on post-rumination mood and memory than the transitory experience of sadness.
The influence of lecithin structure on their monolayer behavior and interactions with cholesterol

Abstract Pressure-area curves have been measured for monolayers of ten lecithins (16:0–20:0, 16:0–11-methyl-18:0, 16:0–15-methyl-18:0, 16:0–22:1, 16:0–22:6, 18:0–22:6, 20:0–18:2, 18:3–16:0, 18:2–18:2 and 18:3–18:3) and eight fatty acids (18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:4, 22:5, 11-methyl-18:0 and 15-methyl-18:0). Subtraction of the areas of the consituent fatty acids from the areas of the lecithin molecules in monolayers gave an estimate of the area contributed by the polar group. The effective areas thus obtained were found to range 3-fold in value. This result suggested that the orientation of the polar group in monolayers can vary depending upon the structures of the fatty acid chains in lecithin molecules. Mixed monolayers of each lecithin and cholesterol were investigated in order to find the molecular features of lecithin molecules responsible for condensation in monolayers by cholesterol. Condensation by cholesterol occurred in those lecithins that form expanded films, most strongly with those molecules that have a segment of saturated hydrocarbon chain extending nine or more carbons from the car☐yl group. The condensation between cholesterol and lecithins in monolayers has been interpreted in terms of cohesion between the saturated straight chain hydrocarbon segment of lecithin and either the ring system of cholesterol or other similar saturated segments in lecithin molecules.
Ideological Beliefs on the American Distribution of Opportunity, Power, and Rewards

Abstract This study is a replication of selected portions of earlier research on stratification ideology in Muskegon, Michigan. A sample of 232 Muskegonites were questioned concerning their beliefs on the distribution of opportunity, distribution of power, and distribution of material rewards, an additional category not included in earlier research. The findings suggest a shift from a pluralist perception of power to a Millsian-elitist perception. This is associated with a general crisis of legitimacy in government and other institutions in the 1970s. A cross sectional analysis of the 1977 sample indicates that low incomes and union status are more likely to be significantly associated with radical-liberal stratification ideologies than unemployment or low education.
An empirical test of the job demand/control model among IT users

By applying Karasek's Job Demand/Control model, this paper examines the antecedents, moderators and consequences of IT-related workplace stress. While the topic of stress continues to interest IS researchers, there has been a lack of a cumulative tradition, in terms of the specific theoretical frameworks used to understand the problem. Drawing on recent insights about the determinants of workplace stress, our research includes both work stress sources as well as employees' autonomy/ control over their work to anticipate the consequences of stress IT users experience in their work. We examine how users who are assimilating new IT into their work experience the level of work-related demands in their jobs, the level of autonomy/ control they have over their work, and how these relate to outcomes, such as job dissatisfaction and mental health complaints (i.e., symptoms of depression). Our results show that negative consequences are moderated by the amount of autonomy that employees experience in their work.
Validity of the Strong Interest Inventory and Skills Confidence Inventory With Mexican American High School Students

The structural and concurrent validity of the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and Skills Confidence Inventory (SCI) was explored with a sample of 487 Mexican American high school students, and findings were compared with normative samples of the SII and SCI. Holland’s (1997) structure was evaluated using circular unidimensional scaling. The hypothesized RIASEC order was supported for general occupational theme (GOT) scores of the SII with female students but not for male students or for general confidence theme (GCT) scores of the SCI with both genders. The model fit for both measures was poor compared with results obtained with reference samples. Additional results supported the concurrent validity of GOT to GCT and both GOT and GCT scores to Holland codes for expressed occupational aspirations. Gender differences were found on four of the six GOTs and three of the six GCTs. Implications for career-related interest and self-efficacy assessment with Mexican American high school students are discussed.
Aromatic interactions in peptides: Impact on structure and function

Aromatic interactions, including π–π, cation–π, aryl–sulfur, and carbohydrate–π interactions, have been shown to be prevalent in proteins through protein structure analysis, suggesting that they are important contributors to protein structure. However, the magnitude and significance of aromatic interactions is not defined by such studies. Investigation of aromatic interactions in the context of structured peptides has complemented studies of protein structure and has provided a wealth of information regarding the role of aromatic interactions in protein structure and function. Recent advances in this area are reviewed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci), 2004
Finescale Orographic Precipitation Variability and Gap-Filling Radar Potential in Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah

AbstractFinescale variations in orographic precipitation pose a major challenge for weather prediction, winter road maintenance, and avalanche forecasting and mitigation in mountainous regions. In this investigation, ground-based X-band radar observations collected during intensive observing period 6 (IOP6) of the Storm Chasing Utah Style Study (SCHUSS) are used to provide an example of these variations during a winter storm in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah. Emphasis is placed on precipitation features in and around Little Cottonwood Canyon (LCC), which cuts orthogonally eastward into the central Wasatch Mountains. Precipitation during the weakly stratified prefrontal storm stage featured a wavelike barrier-scale reflectivity maximum over the Wasatch Crest and upper LCC that extended weakly westward along the transverse ridges flanking LCC. This precipitation pattern appeared to reflect a veering wind profile, with southwesterly flow over the transverse ridges but cross-barrier westerly flow fart...
A glycosylation site, 60SGTS63, of p67 is required for its ability to regulate the phosphorylation and activity of Eukaryotic initiation factor 2α

Eukaryotic initiation factor 2- (eIF2-) associated glycoprotein p67 blocks eIF2α phosphorylation by kinases, and its N-terminal 1−97 amino acid segment can induce efficient translation. To investigate whether glycosylation at the serine/threonine clusters at this region is important in protein synthesis, we selected 27TSST30 and 60SGTS63 clusters for further analysis. By site-directed mutagenesis, 27TSST30 and 60SGTS63 clusters were substituted with 27AAGA30 and 60AGAA63 amino acid residues in full-length p67, and their EGFP fusions were constitutively expressed in rat tumor hepatoma cells (KRC-7). The 60AGAA63 mutant blocked eIF2α phosphorylation less than either wild-type p67 or the 27AAGA30 mutant. The 60AGAA63 mutant also showed a low level of protein synthesis rate, a lower level of glycosylation, increased turnover rate, and weaker binding to eIF2α. These results suggest that glycosylation within the 60SGTS63 sequence of p67 plays an important role in its stability and thus its regulation of protein...
RHEUMATIC MANIFESTATIONS OF PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION

Human parvovirus B19 is an emerging DNA virus. B19 infection is common and widespread. Major manifestations of B19 infection are transient aplastic crisis, erythema infectiosum, hydrops fetalis, acute and chronic rheumatoid-like arthropathy, and, in the immunocompromised host, chronic or recurrent bone marrow suppression. A number of less common manifestations of B19 infection include various rash illnesses, neuropathies, and acute fulminant liver failure. Of rheumatologic interest, B19 infection must be differentiated from early presentation of more classic erosive rheumatoid arthritis and, in some cases, systemic lupus erythematosus. It is unlikely that B19 plays a role in classic erosive rheumatoid arthritis, but understanding pathogenesis of B19 arthropathy may provide insights into the mechanisms by which rheumatoid arthritis develops. Evidence for persistence of B19 infection suggests that human parvovirus B19 infection may serve as a model for the study of virus-host interactions and the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases.
Mechanism of methoxide ion substitution in the z and e isomers of o-methylbenzohydroximoyl halides.

Kinetics and stereochemical studies have been carried out on the reactions of the Z and E isomers of O-methylbenzohydroximoyl halides [1Z and 1E, ArC(X)NOCH3] with sodium methoxide in 9:1 DMSO−methanol. The reactions of methoxide ion with hydroximoyl fluorides (X = F) are stereospecific. The reaction with 1Z (X = F) gives only the Z substitution product (1Z, X OCH3). The reaction of methoxide ion with 1E (X = F) is less selective, giving ca. 85% E substitution product. The Hammett ρ-values for the Z and E isomers (X = F) are +2.94 and +3.30, respectively. The element effects for 1Z (Ar = C6H5) are 2.21 (X = Br):1.00 (X = Cl):79.7 (X = F). The 1E element effects are (Ar = C6H5) 1.00 (X = Cl):18.3 (X = F) and (Ar = 4-CH3OC6H4) 1.97 (X = Br):1.00 (X = Cl):12.1 (X = F). The entropies of activation for these reactions are negative (for example, ΔS⧧ = −15 eu for 1Z and ΔS⧧ = −14 eu for 1E, Ar = 4-CH3OC6H4, X = F). These experimental observations are consistent with a mechanism proceeding through a tetrahedral i...
Electronic states and microstructure at the silicide-silicon interface

Abstract The understanding of Schottky barrier formation at the silicide-silicon contact requires information on the electronic states and microstructure of the reacted interface. Considerable progress has been made recently in the study of these interface properties using surface spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and ion channeling techniques. This review is focused mainly on the results for the near-noble metal silicides with some brief discussions for the refractory metal silicides. The basic bonding characteristics in silicides are discussed first with emphasis on the role of hybrid states between metal d and Si p orbitals. Then the stoichiometry and microstructure of the interface as well as their effect on the electronic properties are described. Spectroscopy evidence is given to show the existence of interface states in the vicinity of the band gap. Finally, measurements of Schottky barrier height are discussed in an attempt to assess the effects of phase stoichiometry and microstructure on the electrical properties of the Schottky barrier.
Amplified Fluorescence Quenching and Electroluminescence of a Cationic Poly(p-phenylene-co-thiophene) Polyelectrolyte

A water-soluble conjugated polymer was developed that displays significant fluorescence quenching (25% quenching of polymer's fluorescence at quencher concentrations of 500 nM) and forms well-defined multilayer structures via electrostatic deposition. The polymer contains alternating 2,5-thienyl- and 2,5-bis[2-(N,N-diethylamine)-1-oxapropyl]-substituted 1,4-phenylene units formed by a Stille reaction protocol. Poly({2,5-bis[2-(N,N-diethylamino)-1-oxapropyl]-1,4-phenylene}-alt-2,5-thienylene) (PPT-NEt2) was synthesized in 80% yield from 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene and the reactive diiodinated species 2,5-bis(3-[N,N-diethylamino]-1-oxapropyl)-1,4-diiodobenzene. The neutral polymer was soluble in THF, chloroform, and 1 M HCl (aq). A number-average molecular weight of 5300 g mol-1 (ca. 40 rings) was measured by GPC (relative to polystyrene standards). PPT-NEt2 is easily converted to the water-soluble polymer, poly{2,5-bis[2-(N,N,N-triethylammonium)-1-oxapropyl]-1,4-phenylene-alt-2,5-thienylene} dibromi...
Neurodevelopment and Medical Follow-up of Infants Treated with Inhaled Nitric Oxide (NO). † 1250

Neurodevelopment and Medical Follow-up of Infants Treated with Inhaled Nitric Oxide (NO). † 1250
Evolution of collective N atom states in single photon superradiance: Effect of virtual Lamb shift processes

We present analytical solutions for the evolution of collective states of N atoms. On the one hand is a (timed) Dicke state prepared by the conditional absorption of a single photon and exhibiting superradiant decay. This is in strong contrast to the evolution of a symmetric Dicke state which is trapped for large atomic clouds. We show that virtual processes yield only a small effect on the evolution of the rapidly decaying timed Dicke state. However, they change the long time dynamics from exponential decay into a power-law behavior which can be observed experimentally. For trapped states virtual processes are much more important and provide new decay channels resulting in a slow decay of the otherwise trapped state.
The vacuum ultraviolet spectra of three transition metal hexacarbonyls

Abstract Reported are the vapor phase spectra of Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO)6, W(CO)6, at 300°K in the vacuum ultra-violet region 2200 - 1250 A. Several new transitions are seen with preliminary interpretations in terms of a simple bond-excition model and compared with some recent photoionization studies.
Code size reduction technique and implementation for software-pipelined DSP applications

Software pipelining technique is extensively used to exploit instruction-level parallelism of loops, but also significantly expands the code size. For embedded systems with very limited on-chip memory resources, code size becomes one of the most important optimization concerns. This paper presents the theoretical foundation of code size reduction for software-pipelined loops based on retiming concept. We propose a general Code-size REDuction technique (CRED) for various kinds of processors. Our CRED algorithms integrate the code size reduction with software pipelining. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the CRED technique on both code size reduction and code size/performance trade-off space exploration.
Precipitate migration in an applied field by volume diffusion

Abstract For an applied field on two phase solids, solutes are redistributed by electromigration, thermomigration, or gravitational effects. The migration tendency by volume diffusion can cause second phase precipitates to dissolve to maintain a saturated matrix, followed by reprecipitation elsewhere. Solute or solvent motion by volume diffusion can also lead to a velocity of the precipitate particles. These two effects redistribute the precipitate. The analysis herein determines the evolution of the volume fraction of second phase for such an experimental situation for an infinite sample, when the volume fraction is small enough that contiguity may be ignored.
Alexandria burned – securing knowledge access in the age of Google

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the legal implications presented by the Google Library Project which entails the digitization of the collections of five prominent libraries.Design/methodology/approach – This paper focuses on knowledge access and the effect digitization will have on the availability of books heretofore available only in analog form and in libraries. This paper does not address “e‐books” or similar electronic publishing formats but instead analyzes the process of digitizing hard copy books in their entirety, making the content available for searching online, and the copyright, private property, and antitrust issues that will confront a online commercial library.Findings – While conducting research for this paper, it was found that the internet space opens up as many problems as opportunities. The copyright laws have been well balanced over the years to reflect the interests of the copyright holder and the public. Commercial entities, in particular, internet search engines,...
Les Cols Restaurant: A Sensual Feast

(2007). Les Cols Restaurant: A Sensual Feast. The Senses and Society: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 81-85.
Mapping of polyomavirus DNA replicative intermediates by two-dimensional gel analysis using chemiluminescent detection

Py DNA replicative intermediates (RIs) were mapped using a neutral/neutral two-dimensional (N/N 2D) technique by both chemiluminescent and radioactive detection. The nonradioactive method provides similar sensitivity to radioactive methods while possessing the advantages of stability of labeled probes, faster processing, multiple exposures, easy disposal and safety associated with nonradioactive detection. Application of this method to 2D gel analysis requires some technical modification to reduce background and save the substrate. The patterns of Py RIs with Afl II digestion suggest that bidirectional replication occurs during Py DNA synthesis in cell culture, but other unexpected structures of DNA replication are also seen.
Modeling particle inflation from poly(amic acid) powdered precursors. II. Morphological development during bubble growth

The morphological development of cellular polyimide microstructures from poly(amic acid) powders has been shown to depend on the processing conditions throughout the inflation process and the morphological characteristics of the precursor particles. In an earlier publication the authors presented a numerical study of the preliminary stages prior to particle inflation when the processing temperature is below the glass transition temperature, Tg. In the present article, a second numerical scheme is presented for behavior above Tg in which bubble growth is modeled to account for the effect of multiple phenomena in the final stages of morphological development. The bubble growth kinematics and subsequent cessation of growth are predicted as a function of process parameters and material properties. Morphological characteristics of the precursor particles have also been shown to influence the kinematics of inflation. These results provide a clearer understanding of the solid-state foaming processes for polyimide cellular materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:572–581, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
A comparison of three approaches to language, compiler, and library support for multidimensional arrays in Java

The lack of direct support for multidimensional arrays in Java™ has been recognized as a major deficiency in the language's applicability to numerical computing. The typical approach to adding multidimensional arrays to Java has been through class libraries that implement these structures. It has been shown that the class library approach can achieve very high-performance for numerical computing, through the use of compiler techniques and efficient implementations of aggregate array operations. Because of the inconvenience of accessing array elements through method invocations, it is advocated by many that class libraries for multidimensional arrays should be combined with new language syntax to facilitate manipulation of those multidimensional arrays. Another approach that has been discussed in the literature is that of relying exclusively on the JVM to recognize those arrays of arrays that are being used to stimulate multidimensional arrays. This approach can also deliver good performance, but it does not improve the existing interfaces for numerical computing. There is yet a third approach: extending the Java language with new syntactic constructs for multidimensional arrays and directly compiling those constructs to bytecode. The new constructs provide a more convenient interface for numerical computing, without requiring a matching class library. This paper is a comparative discussion or the three approaches to adding multidimensional arrays to Java mentioned above. We present a description of the three approaches, listing the pros and cons of each. We give a more detailed description of the third approach — language constructs translated to bytecode — as it is a new contribution. We compare each of the approaches with regards to functionality, impact on the language and virtual machine specification, implementation efforts, and typical achievable performance. We show that the best choice depends on the relative importance attached to the above metrics.
A Qualitative Study of Resident Learning in Ambulatory Clinic.

Qualitative analysis of a large ethnographic database from observations of a resident teaching clinic revealed three important findings. The first finding was that breakdown, a situation where an 'actor' (such as a person or the group) is not achieving expected effectiveness, was the most important category because of its frequency and explanatory power. The next finding was that exposure to breakdown was a necessary ingredient for reflective learning. The final finding was that effective response to breakdown (with concomitant reflective learning) requires six factors to be present: the patient is engaged directly; responsibility is matched to authority; tools are matched to tasks; information resources are matched to need; values are matched between co-participants; and expectations are matched with capacity. These findings have implications for planning, improvements and further studies in ambulatory teaching clinics.
Effect of electronic disorder on phonon-drag thermopower

Using the quantum-transport equation and Keldysh diagrammatic technique, we investigate the phonon-drag thermopower in a disordered conductor. We consider phonon drag of three-dimensional electrons, which interact with longitudinal phonons via the deformation potential. The scattering potential of impurities, boundaries, and defects is modeled by quasistatic scatterers and vibrating scatterers, which move in the same way as host atoms. In thin films and nanostructures the phonons relax mainly in a substrate, and the phonon-drag thermopower substantially depends on the character of electron scatterers. Vibrating scatterers decrease thermopower, while static scatterers, such as rigid boundaries and heavy impurities, increase it. These changes in thermopower correlate to the disorder-induced modification of the electron-phonon relaxation rate. In bulk conductors, phonon-electron scattering dominates in the phonon relaxation, and the phonon-drag thermopower just slightly varies with electron mean free path.
Lack of enteral feeding increases expression of E-selectin after LPS challenge.

Background. Total parenteral nutrition (IV-TPN) increases neutrophil accumulation in the small intestine, expression of intestinal ICAM-1 and P-selectin, and upregulates E-selectin expression in the lung. Endothelial activation induced by lack of enteral nutrition may change the response to injury or infection. This study investigated whether nutrition influenced the expression of the adhesion molecule, E-selectin and ICAM-1, following endotoxin challenge. Materials and methods. Forty-three mice were injected with saline, 2, 20, 200, 2000, or 10000 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally. E-selectin expression in the lung, small intestine, and heart was quantified at 3 h after challenge, while ICAM-1 was measured at 5 h, using the dual-radiolabeled monoclonal antibody technique. Next, 80 mice were fed chow, intragastric (IG)-TPN, or IV-TPN for 5 days, and then received intraperitoneal 2 or 200 μg/kg LPS. E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression in organs was measured at 3 and 5 h after endotoxin, respectively. Results. E-selectin expression in organs increased LPS dose dependently. ICAM-1 levels reached early peaks in the lung and in the intestine. Also, IV-TPN significantly increased E-selectin expression in the small intestine and tended to increase pulmonary E-selectin, when compared to chow or IG-TPN animals. There were no significant differences in E-selectin expression among three diet groups after 200 μg/kg LPS challenge. No differences in ICAM-1 expression were observed in any organ among the three groups after 2 or 200 μg/kg LPS injection. Conclusions. E-selectin rather than ICAM-1, because of the expression pattern after various dosages of LPS challenge, may be a determining factor for the degree of LPS-induced inflammation at the early phase. Lack of enteral nutrition may increase inflammatory response through enhanced gut E-selectin levels after a small dose of LPS.
Epidemiologic Characteristics of Infant Botulism in the United States, 1975–1978

Between January 1, 1975, and July 31, 1978, 81 cases (47 type A, 34 type B) of infant botulism were reported to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia. Most cases occurred in the western states, with the majority in California and Utah, where active surveillance is in progress. Most of the cases reported have occurred in the fall months, but this pattern may be attributable to a reporting artifact. The median age at onset of illness was 10 weeks, with a range of three to 35 weeks. The case-fatality ratio was 3.7% (3 of 81). CDC has developed a reporting form for case investigation and has encouraged private physicians and state and territorial epidemiologists and laboratory directors to keep active surveillance of cases of infant botulism. State health departments and CDC are available for consultation regarding suspected cases of the illness.