cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving access in a VA primary care clinic using an innovative Panel Retention Tool: a quality improvement report

Background Loss to follow-up is an under-recognised problem in primary care. Continuity with a primary care provider improves morbidity and mortality in the Veterans Health Administration. We sought to reduce the percentage of patients lost to follow-up at the Northeast Ohio Veterans Affairs Healthcare System from October 2017 to March 2019. Methods The Panel Retention Tool (PRT) was developed and tested with primary care teams using multiple Plan, Do, Study and Act cycles to identify and schedule lost to follow-up patients. Baseline data on loss to follow-up, defined as the percentage of panelled patients not seen in primary care in the past year, was collected over 6 months during tool development. Outcomes were tracked from implementation through spread and sustainment (12 months) across 14 primary care clinics. Results Of the 96 170 panelled patients at the beginning of the study period, 2715 (2.8%) were found to be inactive and removed from provider panels, improving panel reliability. Among the remaining, 1856 (1.9%) patients without scheduled follow-up were scheduled for future care, and 1239 (1.3%) without recent prior care completed encounters during the study period. The percentage of patients lost to follow-up decreased from 10.1% (lower control limit (LCL) 9.8%–upper control limit (UCL) 10.4%) at baseline to 6.4% (LCL 6.2%–UCL 6.7%) postintervention and patients without planned future care decreased from 21.7% (LCL 21.3%–UCL 22.1%) to 17.1% (LCL 16.7%–UCL 17.5%). Conclusions The PRT allowed primary care teams in an integrated health system to identify and schedule lost to follow-up patients. Ease of use, adaptability and encouraging outcomes facilitated spread. This has the potential to contribute to more appropriate utilisation of healthcare resources and improved access to primary care.
Anthocyanins concentration by adsorption onto chitosan and alginate beads: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics parameters.

Abstract The anthocyanins health benefits are diverse, but numerous factors affect the anthocyanins stability, thus, this work aimed to extract anthocyanins from Pinot Noir grape skins and, afterward, to concentrate them onto edible and safety adsorbents, chitosan and alginate beads, by adsorption operation. Chitosan was obtained from shrimp waste, and alginate was purchased. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as pH function, and the highest adsorption capacities and removal percentages were, respectively, 216 mg g−1 and 65% for chitosan beads at pH 8, and 126.4 mg g−1 and 38% for alginate beads at pH 4. All equilibrium isotherms models were suitable for chitosan beads, while for alginate beads only Langmuir and Freundlich models showed fitting. The thermodynamic parameters demonstrated physical adsorption and endothermic behavior for the chitosan and alginate beads. The pseudo-first order model best described the kinetic behavior for both beads. It was demonstrated that is possible to concentrate the different molecular structures of anthocyanins onto chitosan and alginate beads with high yields.
Gene expression dynamics underlying cell fate emergence in 2D micropatterned human embryonic stem cell gastruloids.

Summary Human embryonic stem cells cultured in 2D micropatterns with BMP4 differentiate into a radial arrangement of germ layers and extraembryonic cells. Single-cell transcriptomes demonstrate generation of cell types transcriptionally similar to their in vivo counterparts in Carnegie stage 7 human gastrula. Time-course analyses indicate sequential differentiation, where the epiblast arises by 12 h between the prospective ectoderm in the center and the cells initiating differentiation toward extraembryonic fates at the edge. Extraembryonic and mesendoderm precursors arise from the epiblast by 24 h, while nascent mesoderm, endoderm, and primordial germ cell-like cells form by 44 h. Dynamic changes in transcripts encoding signaling components support a BMP, WNT, and Nodal hierarchy underlying germ-layer specification conserved across mammals, and FGF and HIPPO pathways being active throughout differentiation. This work also provides a resource for mining genes and pathways expressed in a stereotyped 2D gastruloid model, common with other species or unique to human gastrulation.
Anisotropic magnetic entropy change in Cr 2 X 2 Te 6 ( X = Si and Ge )

Intrinsic, two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic semiconductors are an important class of materials for spintronics applications. ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{X}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{6}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(X=\text{Si}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\text{and Ge})$ semiconductors show 2D Ising-like ferromagnetism, which is preserved in few-layer devices. The maximum magnetic entropy change associated with the critical properties around the ferromagnetic transition for ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{6}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{S}_{M}^{\text{max}}\ensuremath{\sim}5.05$ J ${\mathrm{kg}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is much larger than $\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{S}_{M}^{\text{max}}\ensuremath{\sim}2.64$ J ${\mathrm{kg}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{6}$ with an out-of-plane field change of 5 T. The rescaled $\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{S}_{M}(T,H)$ curves collapse onto a universal curve independent of temperature and field for both materials. This indicates similar critical behavior and 2D Ising magnetism, confirming the magnetocrystalline anisotropy that could preserve the long-range ferromagnetism in a few layers of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{X}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{6}$.
Affirmative action still hasn’t been shown to reduce the number of black lawyers: A response to Sander

Abstract Sander (2019) attempts to revive the claim that “mismatch” between the credentials of students that receive racial preferences in law school admissions and the average observable academic credentials of their peers leads to fewer black lawyers. This article examines Sander’s study and explains the reasons why second-choice analyses, and Bar Passage Study data in particular, are poor sources for causal inferences about academic mismatch. Sander’s paper makes indefensibly strong assumptions about the inferences that can be drawn between evidence on distinct types of mismatch, overclaims results that lack robustness across different subsamples of the underlying data, and misinterprets other results that in fact cut against the article’s claim. Ultimately, as originally reported in Ayres & Brooks (2005), the data do not provide evidence that affirmative action reduces the number of black lawyers.
The Search for Reconciliation: The “Honeymoon” Period: Sino-Japanese Relations, 1972–1981

This chapter explains the significant progress in Sino-Japanese reconciliation from the two nations' diplomatic normalization in 1972 to the beginning of the 1980s. Because of the escalation of the Sino-Soviet split and the dramatic rapprochement between China and the United States, from the beginning of the 1970s China and Japan faced a common Soviet enemy. Given such positive structural conditions, realist theory would predict that the two countries should have reached deep reconciliation. In reality, Sino-Japanese political relations indeed entered a short-lived “honeymoon” period, with considerably reduced expectations of bilateral conflict, mutual national recognition, and prospering economic interaction and societal contacts. Yet overall, the relationship progressed only to the stage of shallow reconciliation–rapprochement, falling short of deep reconciliation. Bilateral security cooperation was seriously limited, and the two governments also failed to permanently resolve outstanding sovereignty controversies regarding Taiwan and offshore islands. Their commercial ties lacked interdependence in any strategic sense, and the atmosphere of popular friendship was largely simulated by government propaganda rather than built on genuine mutual understanding. Reasons for the absence of deep reconciliation include Japan's fear of being dragged into the Sino-Soviet conflict if it drew too close to China and obstruction from the pro-Taiwan faction in Japan of a tight relationship with China. Another important restraining factor in the reconciliation process was the negative impact of war memory.
Broadband content distribution - enabling the ~experience ~

One of the many challenges facing a viable Broadband Content Distribution Architecture is that of the content "experience" of the user. Broadband content becomes compelling when it is delivered to the user at the rate and Quality of Service that is required for the specific type of Content. The carrier network(s) connect the content to the users and as such are responsible for delivering this "experience" to the user. ROADBAND carrier networks initially evolved to provide access to the Internet. Much of the early thought and design was around upgrading the last mile bandwidth that was constrained by dialup (64Kbps) or ISDN (128Kbps) in throughput to faster access speeds. Very little attention was paid to QoS issues or to any architecture/design requirements for delivering a new generation of IP based services to the consumer. Over time new forms of content services outside of traditional "Internet" services have come to market which make demands of the network beyond the current best-effort infrastructure.
Controlled ripple texturing of suspended graphene and ultrathin graphite membranes

Graphene is nature's thinnest elastic material and displays exceptional mechanical and electronic properties. Ripples are an intrinsic feature of graphene sheets and are expected to strongly influence electronic properties by inducing effective magnetic fields and changing local potentials. The ability to control ripple structure in graphene could allow device design based on local strain and selective bandgap engineering. Here, we report the first direct observation and controlled creation of one- and two-dimensional periodic ripples in suspended graphene sheets, using both spontaneously and thermally generated strains. We are able to control ripple orientation, wavelength and amplitude by controlling boundary conditions and making use of graphene's negative thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), which we measure to be much larger than that of graphite. These results elucidate the ripple formation process, which can be understood in terms of classical thin-film elasticity theory. This should lead to an improved understanding of suspended graphene devices, a controlled engineering of thermal stress in large-scale graphene electronics, and a systematic investigation of the effect of ripples on the electronic properties of graphene.
Fault tolerance for future COTS hardware

Summary form only given. With each technology generation, we are experiencing an increased rate of cosmically-induced soft errors in our microprocessor chips. The advent of such high levels of soft error protection on microprocessors chips will necessitate revisiting the design of highly dependable systems, such as those used in space, built with COTS (commodity off-the-shelf) hardware. However, given that processors would internally deal with soft errors, it is not clear if highly dependable systems would need to additionally implement off-chip lockstepping to cope with permanent faults. Worse, implementing off-chip lockstepping at extremely high speeds, such as tens of gigahertz, is extremely difficult. Hence, designers may need to consider alternate techniques, such as processor sparing, to deal with permanent faults in processor chips used in mission-critical systems.
Emerging Treatments in Recurrent and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a prevalent disease for which many new therapies have been developed over the past decade. Currently, standard of care chemotherapeutic regimens for mCRC include doublet cytotoxic chemotherapy with or without the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies such as cetuximab and panitumumab with or without chemotherapy, and single-agent cytotoxic chemotherapy or targeted therapy for patients intolerant of combination regimens. Recent studies have investigated the efficacy of triplet cytotoxic chemotherapeutic regimens, bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy beyond first-line therapy disease progression, dual anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR antibody therapy, and the more novel agents ziv-aflibercept and regorafenib for treatment of mCRC. Furthermore, molecular profiling of CRC has identified several genetic alterations for which targeted therapies are currently being developed. Optimal drug combinations and treatment sequences have yet to be defined, but an expanding armamentarium of therapies with which to treat CRC offers a promising future.
Antigen Recognition Is Facilitated by Invadosome-like Protrusions Formed by Memory/Effector T Cells

Adaptive immunity requires that T cells efficiently scan diverse cell surfaces to identify cognate Ag. However, the basic cellular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated this process using vascular endothelial cells, APCs that possess a unique and extremely advantageous, planar morphology. High-resolution imaging revealed that CD4 memory/effector T cells dynamically probe the endothelium by extending submicron-scale, actin-rich “invadosome/podosome-like protrusions” (ILPs). The intimate intercellular contacts enforced by ILPs consistently preceded and supported T cell activation in response to endothelial MHC class II/Ag. The resulting calcium flux stabilized dense arrays of ILPs (each enriched in TCR, protein kinase C-θ, ZAP70, phosphotyrosine, and HS1), forming what we term a podo-synapse. Similar findings were made using CD8 CTLs on endothelium. Furthermore, careful re-examination of both traditional APC models and professional APCs suggests broad relevance for ILPs in facilitating Ag recognition. Together, our results indicate that ILPs function as sensory organelles that serve as actuators of immune surveillance.
Convection in Conditionally Unstable Atmosphere

The analysis has shown that if the stratification is unstable for ascending motion over an infinite area and stable for descending motion, and small random perturbations of various scales are introduced, the final disturbance evolved will have the dimension of a cumulus cloud. The stable stratification in the descending region has the effect of increasing the critical lapse-rate and narrowing the ascending region and making the descending motion widespread, so that the centers of the ascending regions are further apart. The distance estimated from the theoretical analysis agrees favorably with those obtained from satellite observations. The distributions of the various perturbation quantities pertaining to a circular symmetrical disturbance have been obtained. They show many resemblances to the corresponding distributions in tropical storms. Since the main source of energy of the mature tropical storms is the latent heat of condensation, it is really tempting to attribute the formation of these large-scale disturbances directly to convection in conditionally unstable air. However, the analysis shows that some organizing mechanisms are needed in order to channel the release of the energy of unstable stratification into a large scale circulation. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1961.tb00107.x
Saddle-point technique for helium in the elastic- and inelastic-scattering energy region

The saddle-point technique is applied to the helium atom below the ionization threshold and for $^{1}P$ and $^{3}P$ resonances in the elastic-, and inelastic-scattering energy region. The results generally support the assertion that the method gives the best square-integrable approximation within the inner-shell vacancy picture for excited or autoionizing states. For the resonance where the Feshbach shift is negative, the saddle-point method gives essentially the same result as that of the $\mathrm{QHQ}$ approximation. However, for resonances with a large positive Feshbach shift, the results of the new method are substantially better. For example, for the lowest $^{1}P$ resonance in the inelastic-scattering region, we get 69.901 eV, the experimental result is 69.90 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.04 eV by Madden and Codling, 69.92 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.03 eV by Dhez and Ederer.
Fabrication of a Membrane Interferometer Containing Electrodes

Despite the advantages of supported lipid membranes, one remaining problem has been the incorporation of membrane proteins, as membrane proteins tend to lose their functionality near a surface. To address this limitation but retain the advantages of a nearby surface, we have developed a system where a lipid bilayer is separated a few hundred nanometers from an atomically flat mirror (Ganesan and Boxer, PNAS, 2009, vol. 106, p. 5627). This mirror allows the use of Fluorescence Interference Contrast Microscopy (FLIC) and Variable Incidence Angle-FLIC (VIA-FLIC), two surface characterization techniques that precisely locate the height of fluorescent objects relative to the silicon surface with nanometer resolution. Both FLIC and VIA-FLIC have been used to measure changes in curvature of the bilayer in response to osmotic perturbations of the solution above the bilayer. Current work focuses on changing the architecture of the substrate to allow access to the volume both above and below the bilayer. These changes to the substrate will enable concurrent electrical and optical measurements of voltage-gated membrane proteins, as well as increased control over osmotic balance. Progress towards this goal will be described.
Oxidative degradation of polydiene vulcanizates

Intermittent and continuous stress relaxation measurements have been utilized to follow the oxidative degradation of vulcanizates of natural rubber, and of synthetically prepared polybutadienes. Vulcanizates were prepared by exposing samples to high-energy electrons. For natural rubber, only oxidative scission reactions were detected. Emulsion polymerized polybutadiene and all cis 1,4-polybutadiene exhibited both oxidative scission and oxidative crosslinking. With sulfur vulcanizates of these elastomers, there is superposed on the oxidation reactions a continued vulcanization caused by remaining curing agent.
An improved synthesis of the diketopiperazine catalyst cyclo[(S)-HIS-(S)-PHE]

Abstract An improved synthesis of the diketopiperazine cyanohydrination catalyst cyclo [(S)-His-(S)-Phe] has been developed. Protection of the imidazole sidechain of histidine and a change in peptide coupling reagent results in a yield greatly increased over that of the literature procedure. In addition, simultaneous deprotection and cyclization can be accomplished using catalytic transfer hydrogenation, providing the catalyst in three steps in overall yield of 69%.
Differential amperometry using a novel bipolar electrode

Summary This method of analysis is based upon a differential amperometric approach. It requires a constant sample flow rate and a constant input current to the cell. Diffusion, convection control of the transport of the electroactive species to the working electrode establishes the permissible current passed by the working electrode. Control of the potential of the working electrode, and thereby its specificity of reaction, is achieved by means of a massive, reversible bipolar electrode. The working electrode is wired to ground while the bipolar electrode is held at virtual ground at the summing point of an operational amplifier wired in a current to voltage configuration. The difference current between the constant current input to the cell and the current demanded by the working electrode will be supplied or absorbed by the bipolar electrode circuit. Ordinarily the constant input current is adjusted initially so as to bring the bipolar current to zero at the desired set-point concentration. Thus the sign and magnitude of the output voltage will follow the change in concentration of the electroactive species above or below the set-point concentration. The method thereby enjoys the advantages of specificity and lack of special endpoint detection characteristic of controlled potential electrolysis together with the speed and simplicity of constant current electrolysis.
An Early Intervention Training Model

The authors describe a professional training program in the field of Early Intervention for Master's level students, at Wheelock College, Boston, MA. Specific roles and competencies are discussed in the context of the rationale for their selection as a focus for training in Early Intervention. An overview of core-curriculum is provided along with a discussion of some critical training and direct service delivery issues.
Health kiosk use: a national comparative study

Provides an initial analysis of the use of InTouch with Health touch screen information kiosks located throughout the UK. Presents data for more than 50 kiosks and models use to a variety of variables. The data were collected via kiosk transaction logs and questionnaire. Seeks to explain use differences between kiosks. The amount of kiosk use and the number of kiosk users were explained in terms of both neighbourhood factors and kiosk host factors. Significant variables determining the amount of use and number of users include the size of the kiosk host organisation and whether intermediary help is available to the kiosk user, either from a health professional or a receptionist. The general economic well‐being of the area was found to be significant in explaining the length of session time, while word of mouth and help from other users was a significant variable explaining the number of session pages viewed.
Do rats have prefrontal cortex? the rose-woolsey-akert program reconsidered

Primates are unique among mammals in possessing a region of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with a well-developed internal granular layer. This region is commonly implicated in higher cognitive functions. Despite the histological distinctiveness of primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the work of Rose, Woolsey, and Akert produced a broad consensus among neuroscientists that homologues of primate granular frontal cortex exist in nonprimates and can be recognized by their dense innervation from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD). Additional characteristics have come to be identified with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, including rich dopaminergic innervation and involvement in spatial delayed-reaction tasks. However, recent studies reveal that these characteristics are not distinctive of the dorsolateral prefrontal region in primates: MD and dopaminergic projections are widespread in the frontal lobe, and medial and orbital frontal areas may play a role in delay tasks. A reevaluation of rat frontal cortex suggests that the medial frontal cortex, usually considered to be homologous to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of primates, actually consists of cortex homologous to primate premotor and anterior cin-date cortex. The lateral MD-projection cortex of rats resembles portions of primate orbital cortex. If prefrontal cortex is construed broadly enough to include orbital and cingulate cortex, rats can be said to have prefrontal cortex. However, they evidently lack homologues of the dorsolateral prefrontal areas of primates. This assessment suggests that rats probably do not provide useful models of human dorsolateral frontal lobe function and dysfunction, although they might prove valuable for understanding other regions of frontal cortex.
On "powerloop" constructs in programming languages

A recent article in these Notices [1] gives an overview of proposals and implementations of a "power operator" which (in its simplest form), acting on a nonnegative integer N and on a dyadic function ¤, yields a monadic function which maps any nonnegative number B into B¤B¤B¤...¤B with N occurrences of B. The entire discourse is couched in APL terms, thus unfortunately suggesting a somewhat narrow relevance. To dispel this erroneous impression, we give here a simple example of a programming task where the utility of such a construct appears in a most natural manner, and suggest a possible syntax therefor.
A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer system for studies of gas-phase combustion chemistry of energetic materials

A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS) system utilizing the collision-induced dissociation process has been constructed for studies of gas-phase combustion chemistry of energetic materials under various conditions of pressure and incident laser heat flux. A unique feature of the TQMS system is its capability to differentiate species at the same mass-to-charge value and to identify chemical structures of the gaseous species evolved from the energetic materials, through the recognition of the fragmentation characteristics of chemical functional groups in species. Two different settings for high and low collision energy modes were developed for the daughter mode of operation. A calibration method at the two settings in the daughter mode was also developed for the quantification of the measured species. The TQMS system developed also includes integrated vacuum system, quartz microprobes for gas species sampling, customized software for data acquisition and data reduction. Typical results are presented to illustrate the methods used to differentiate the measured species and to identify their chemical structures.
CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β, But Not Steroidogenic Factor-1, Modulates the Phthalate-Induced Dysregulation of Rat Fetal Testicular Steroidogenesis

Prolonged in utero exposure of fetal male rats to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) can result in a feminized phenotype characterized by malformed epididymides, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and retained thoracic nipples, among others. These symptoms likely result, in part, from decreased expression of steroidogenic enzymes and, therefore, reduced testosterone biosynthesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these changes in gene expression profiles are unknown. To understand these mechanisms in rats, in vivo DNase footprinting was adapted to provide a semiquantitative map of changes in DNA-protein interactions in the promoter region of steroidogenic genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory, scavenger receptor B-1, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage, and cytochrome P450 17A1, that are down-regulated after an in utero DBP exposure. Regions with altered DNase protection were coordinated with a specific DNA binding protein event by EMSA, and binding activity confirmed with chromatin immunoprecipitati...
Interstitial Heterotopic Pregnancy in a Woman Conceiving by In Vitro Fertilization After Bilateral Salpingectomy

Heterotopic pregnancy, defined as the coexistence of an intrauterine pregnancy and an ectopic pregnancy, occurs in approximately 1 in 100 pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF), particularly when multiple embryos are transferred into the uterus. The ectopic gestation of the combined pregnancy usually occurs within the ampulla of the fallopian tube. If it implants within the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube, however, the resulting interstitial pregnancy eventually can rupture through the uterus, leading to sudden, severe hemorrhage and maternal death. This article describes the rupture of an interstitial heterotopic pregnancy in a 37-year-old woman conceiving by IVF after bilateral salpingectomy. The interstitial pregnancy was removed by laparotomy to protect the intrauterine pregnancy from damage. Physicians should consider interstitial ectopic pregnancy as a cause of abdominal pain, even when a viable pregnancy occurs by IVF after salpingectomy.
Principals in programming languages: a syntactic proof technique

Programs are often structured around the idea that different pieces of code comprise distinct principals, each with a view of its environment. Typical examples include the modules of a large program, a host and its clients, or a collection of interactive agents.In this paper, we formalize this notion of principal in the programming language itself. The result is a language in which intuitive statements such as, "the client must call open to obtain a file handle," can be phrased and proven formally.We add principals to variants of the simply-typed λ-calculus and show how we can track the code corresponding to each principal throughout evaluation. This multiagent calculus yields syntactic proofs of some type abstraction properties that traditionally require semantic arguments.
Computing Riemann matrices of algebraic curves

A black-box program for the explicit calculation of Riemann matrices of arbitrary compact connected Riemann surfaces is presented. All such Riemann surfaces are represented as plane algebraic curves. These algebraic curves are allowed to have arbitrary singularities. The method of calculation of the Riemann matrix is essentially its definition: we numerically integrate the holomorphic differentials of the Riemann surface over the cycles of a canonical basis of the homology of the Riemann surface. Both the holomorphic differentials and the canonical basis of the homology of the Riemann surface are obtained exactly through symbolic calculations. This program is included in Maple 6, as part of the algcurves package.
Natural or hormone-induced sexual and social behaviors in the female brown lemming (Lemmus trimucronatus).

Abstract The behaviors of intact or ovariectomized, estradiol benzoate-treated or estradiol benzoate followed by progesterone-treated female brown lemmings were compared. Intact, diestrous females engaged in more social interactions with a male than did ovariectomized females (Experiment 1). In the first 5 min of a 1-hr mating exposure (Experiment 2, Test A) intact females in natural estrus engaged in more social and sexual behaviors than did ovariectomized females in estrogen-induced estrus. However, during the last 5 min of the 1-hr exposure (Test B) ovariectomized females receiving estrogen alone continued to show high levels of sexual activity with a male partner, while intact estrous females or females receiving estrogen followed by progesterone showed an apparent drop in sexual receptivity and an increase in aggressivity. Aggressive behaviors, as indexed by threat-leap behaviors on the part of the female may increase in the presence of progesterone. Declines in sexual activity, occurring within 1 hr of progesterone injection, were apparently dependent on the interaction of progesterone and copulatory events which may affect both the male and female.
Application of ANFIS Method to the Non-nulling Calibration of Multi-hole Pitot Tube

Abstract In this paper, ANFIS method was first applied to multi-hole pitot tube calibration modeling owing to its capability of efficient learning, easy implementation and excellent explanation through fuzzy rules. The results show that ANFIS method can help identify the dominant parameters and construct fuzzy learning system. After the determination of the ANFIS structure from the calibration data, the network of pitot tube calibration parameters was established and the correlation among non-dimensional pressure coefficients, flow angle and flow velocity were constructed as well. Due to its programmability, ANFIS can be integrated with real-time data acquisition system and wind tunnel, a large database consisting of flow properties, flow angles and the non-dimensional pressure coefficients can be efficiently established and is also helpful for shortening the calibration procedures.
Ego crisis with recovery

A case is reported in which the patient felt the frightening presence of God and had an extraordinary subjective time-sense. This patient illustrates the border between psychiatry and religion. The existentialist psychology is applied for understanding and the indication for consultation with clergy is considered.
Crosslinked mercerized cellulose membranes and their application to membrane affinity chromatography

Abstract Mercerized macroporous cellulose membranes with large pore sizes (0.5–1 μm) and high porosity (about 55%) were prepared from filter paper by mercerization (caustic treatment) followed by chemical crosslinking. These membranes were activated by introducing epoxy, aldehyde or aniline groups, before trypsin was immobilized as an affinity ligand. The activities and stabilities of the immobilized trypsin membranes prepared by several methods, in the hydrolysis of Nα-benzoyl- l -arginine p-nitroanilide (BAPNA), were investigated and compared. The immobilized trypsin membranes were employed to separate trypsin inhibitor from the egg white.
Parameter optimization in models of the olfactory neural system

Abstract We model a mammalian neural olfactory system that is characterized anatomically by modifiable synaptic connections, and physiologically by the spatio-temporal interactions among neural ensembles under external inputs. The behavior of each ensemble is represented by a second order ordinary differential equation (ODE) relating the aggregate activation of cells to system parameters and stimuli from anloutside environment. Parameter optimization rules that lead to minimizing the distance between the computed output patterns of the model and the evoked unit and EEG potentials from experimental data are derived by the methods of error propagation and the calculus of variations. In addition, the existence and uniqueness of the equation set are proved to assure the propriety of the parameter adaptation by these methods. Several subsets (KO, KI, KII) of the olfactory neural (KIII) model are simulated in software. Numerical results support the mathematical analyses, and the system parameters are thus optimized. Our experience with realistic models of neural systems has shown that hundreds of equations and thousands of parameters are required, and the performance of the models may be sensitive to minor software changes, such as adapting them to new machines. We propose that a set of reliable parameter optimization algorithms, including specification of performance criteria, should be an integral component of a realistic neural model.
Locus of Control, Depression, and Anger Among Native Americans

of belief in locus of control, a self-report measure of depression, and three scales from the Buss and Durkee Hostility Inventory. Depression and belief in control by powerful others correlated only for subjects with low scores on Assaultive, Verbal, and Indirect Hostility. The findings, using nonwhite subjects, replicate a previous study in which the racial composition was not indicated. Recently, Lester (1989) examined the relationship between locus of control and depression mediated by anger toward others. He predicted that depression and belief in control by powerful others would be associated only for subjects with low scores on three scales from the Buss and Durkee (1957) Hostility Inventory, Assaultive, Verbal, and Indirect. To test this hypothesis, 148 college students were given Levenson's (1974) Locus of Control Scale, Zung's (1965) Selfrating Depression Scale, and the Buss and Durkee Hostility Inventory. The findings confirmed the prediction, leading Lester to conclude that "depression was positively associated with belief in control by powerful others only for those who were unable to express their anger physically, verbally, or indirectly" (p. 414). The present study replicated Lester's work with a sample of nonwhite subjects. Specifically, 98 African-American college students (M age = 23.3, SD = 5.2) were given the same scales. Following Lester's design, the highest 20% and the lowest 20% of the scorers on the Buss and Durkee Assaultive, Verbal, and Indirect Hostility Scales were selected, and the correlations between scores on depression and locus of control were examined for each group. For the 20 low scorers on Assaultive Hostility (M = 2.5 of a maximum of lo), depression and belief in control by powerful others were positively correlated (Pearson r = .40, one-tailed p<.05), but for the 20 high scorers (M = 7.5), the r of .20 was not significant. Similar findings were observed for those scoring low (M = 3.3 of a maximum of 13) and high (M = 9.8) on Verbal Hostility (rs = .50 and .16, respectively) and those scoring low (M = 2.3 of a maximum of 9) and high (M = 6.8) on Indirect Hostility (rs = .46 and .25, respectively). Belief in internal control and in control by chance, as measured bv Levenson's Locus of Control Scale, were not related to depression scores for those scoring high or low on the three Buss-Durkee scales. These findings, based on a nonwhce sample, replicate Lester's results. The subjects in this study, however, are relatively affluent and educated. The results may not generalize to other African-Americans of different socioeconomic status and education.
Delay Underestimation at Free Right-turn Channelized Intersections

To quantify the effect of unnecessary motorist hesitation in free right-turn channels and its impact on engineering delay models, the authors observed peak-hour operations at two free right-turn channelized intersections in Utah County, Utah. Regression analysis demonstrated that perceived vehicle conflicts would significantly increase individual vehicle delay at free right-turn channels, and that existing traffic prediction models did not adequately describe this delay. On average, motorists yield about 2 seconds for each conflicting vehicle. This finding raises questions about the validity of current delay assumptions for free rightturn channels, or indicates the driving public may need more adequate signage. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
A Conceptual Approach to the Instruction of Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs present numerous challenges to second language learners of English, who often view verb + particle combinations as random (Side, 1990). This article proposes a pedagogical approach that focuses on particles as a means of spotlighting systematicity within this traditionally problematic area of English vocabulary. Informed by cognitive linguistics and sociocultural theory, the approach encourages students to tap their own creativity in order to conceptually motivate (Kovecses & Szabo, 1996) student-collected examples of phrasal verbs. The article (a) presents the theoretical rationale for the approach, (b) reports an experiment in which the approach was implemented in two sections of an English as a Second Language course at the university level, and (c) discusses results of the experiment as well as potential pedagogical adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Schlegel's photon clock theory

In a recent paper, Schlegel states “... the photon clock when interpreted as a device for showing the Lorentz transformation of time does actually involve a violation of basic relativity principles.” His conclusion is false, and is based on an incorrect analysis of the photon clock in two reference frames with relative motion. The purpose of this note is to present a corrected analysis and show that such an analysis is consistent with basic relativity principles.
Ionic conduction in keratin (wool)

Abstract Measurements of the conductivity of dry wool (keratin) in vacuo as a function of temperature are described. The dc conductivity is given by σ = σ0 exp ( — W RT ), with σ0 = 10.0 (ohm·cm)−1 and W = 23.0 kcal/mole; R is the gas constant and T the temperature in °K. The dc conductivity of wool under ordinary conditions (i.e., when not in vacuo) is determined by its water content in equilibrium with the prevailing relative humidity; the relationship is σ = σs(sol|α/αs)n, where n = 16.4, αs, is the saturation water content, and σs, is the saturation conductivity. A model is proposed here to account for these two types of conduction simultaneously. It is based upon the consideration that ionic conduction in solids depends upon the presence of transient defects in concentration proportional to a Boltzmann factor. The additional assumption is made that within each transient defect there is a pattern of discrete sites at which single water molecules can be adsorbed. The index n gives the number of these sites within a transient defect according to the hypothesis. As these patterns are assumed to be characteristic of the material, the defects are described as “transient characteristic defects” (TCD). Hydrated ions within such defects have a very high mobility because “bipedal random walk,” i.e., successive breaking of single hydrogen bonds, is available to them. In the fibrous proteins (and cellulose) the energy W in the Boltzmann factor giving the concentration of TCD depends upon the breaking of hydrogen bonds, which are rather weak; therefore, the concentration of TCD, and their size, may be rather large. The model has implications applicable to properties other than conduction.
Introduction: Research matters

Abstract The Library Research Round Table of the American Library Association (ALA) is pleased to have been given the opportunity to contribute to this special anniversary issue of Library & Information Science Research. The Library Research Round Table (LRRT), as stated in ALA's Handbook of Organization ( Barber & Hodges, 1998 ), has as its mission: To contribute toward the extension and improvement of library research; to provide public program opportunities for describing and evaluating library research projects and for disseminating their findings; to inform and educate ALA members concerning research techniques and their usefulness in obtaining information with which to reach administrative decisions and solve problems; and expand the the oretical base of the field. To serve as a forum for discussion and action on issues related to the literature and information needs for the field of library and information science. (p. 129)
Conditions affecting the adherence of Cryptococcus neoformans to rat glial and lung cells in vitro

Conditions affecting the adherence of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans to rat glial and lung cell cultures were studied. Adherence to glial cells was a time-dependent process that was affected by the yeast culture age and growth temperature. The most adherent yeasts were those from 48 h cultures grown at 37 degrees C. Formalin-treating the yeasts did not affect adherence but formalin-treating the glial monolayers prevented yeast binding. Treating the yeasts with trypsin reduced adherence to glial monolayers, indicating that the yeast adhesin had a trypsin-labile protein component. Certain carbohydrates inhibited cryptococcal adherence to glial and lung cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Of the carbohydrates tested, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, sucrose, lactose, sorbitol and myo-inositol were the most inhibitory, while mannose, galactose and xylose were the least inhibitory. The results collectively indicated that the mechanisms of adherence of C. neoformans to lung cells were similar to those of glial cells and that both involved a protein-containing adhesin on the cryptococcal surface that was expressed only after growth at 37 degrees C. Carbohydrate receptors also appeared to be involved with these interactions.
Sex difference in coexpression by galanin neurons accounts for sexual dimorphism of vasopressin in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

Vasopressin (VP) neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are steroid sensitive and sexually dimorphic. The number of VP messenger RNA (mRNA)-expressing neurons is larger in male than in female rats. This initial observation suggested that sexual dimorphism resulted from enhanced proliferation and/or survival of VP neurons after gonadal hormone exposure during the critical perinatal period. However, galanin (GAL) and VP mRNAs were recently reported to be coexpressed in the BNST of adult male rats, and GAL gene expression, unlike VP gene expression, is not sexually dimorphic. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the sex difference in VP cell number in the BNST results from a sex difference in the number of GAL neurons dedicated to express the VP gene. To test this hypothesis, double in situ hybridization histochemistry was performed for GAL and VP mRNAs in the BNST of adult male and female rats. For quantification, the posterior BNST was divided into its two anatomical re...
Tanford-Kirkwood theory for concentric dielectric continua: application to dimethylphosphate.

The Tanford–Kirkwood theory for evaluating the electrostatic free energy of a discrete charge distribution in the presence of ion atmosphere is extended to concentric dielectric continua. The theory is applied to study the conformational preferences with respect to phosphodiester torsion angles in the dimethylphosphate anion (DMP−) and the sodium dimethylphosphate ion pair (Na+DMP−), in the absence and presence of ion atmosphere and at varying local dielectric constants. Results indicate that phosphodiester torsion angles in DMP− prefer the gauche-gauche conformation in aqueous solutions.
Relational dialectics and social networking sites: The role of Facebook in romantic relationship escalation, maintenance, conflict, and dissolution

Abstract Due to their prevalence and unique affordances, social networking sites such as Facebook have the potential to influence offline relationships. This study employed Baxter’s (2011) refinement of relational dialectics theory to explore Facebook’s role in emerging adults’ romantic relationships. Data from ten focus groups revealed that Facebook contributes to and provides a forum for discursive struggles related to the integration–separation, expression–privacy, and stability–change dialectics. Romantic partners are able to connect with each other and integrate their social networks on Facebook, but some struggle to maintain privacy and independence. As such, SNSs can be a site of and trigger for romantic conflict. Participants’ responses indicated that Facebook is interwoven with the experience of these dialectics due to its affordances, specifically the semi-public nature of relationship activities on Facebook and the shift in control over relational information from individuals to network members.
Radial glial cell development and transformation are disturbed in reeler forebrain.

Radial glia are among the earliest cell types to differentiate in the developing mammalian forebrain. Glial fibers span the early cortical wall, forming a dense scaffold; this persists throughout corticogenesis, providing a cellular substrate which supports and directs the migration of young neurons. Although the mechanisms regulating radial glial cell development are poorly understood, a secreted cortical radial glial differentiation signal was recently identified in the embryonic mouse forebrain. This signal is abundant at the time radial glia function to support neuronal migration, and down-regulated perinatally, when radial glia are known to undergo transformation into astrocytes. Therefore, it seems that this signal functions as a radial glial maintenance factor, the availability of which regulates the phenotype of cortical astroglia. Here the differentiation signal is further characterized as RF60, a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 60 kD. In addition, the neurologic mutant mouse reeler provides a genetic model for analysis of RF60 function. Radial glia in reeler cortex are shown to be poorly differentiated and the radial scaffold is shown to be maintained for a shorter time than normal. Furthermore, although astroglial cells from normal cortex are induced to elaborate a radial phenotype by RF60, reeler astroglia show an impaired differentiation response to this. These findings suggest that an intrinsic defect in glial differentiation contributes to the phenotype of abnormal cortical lamination seen in reeler mouse, and indicate that RF60 may play a critical role in normal cortical patterning. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 33: 459–472, 1997