cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aerosolization and characterization of carbon nanotube and nanofiber materials: Relationship between aerosol properties and bulk density

Abstract Potential inhalation of fibrous carbon nanomaterials depends on the manufacturing/handling process and their tendency for air dispersion. Because of the large variety of carbon nanotube and nanofiber (CNT and CNF) products, with varying physical and chemical properties, characterization of these materials and their associated exposure risks is challenging. In this study, we aerosolized different types of CNT and CNF materials using an acoustic generator (AG) and characterized their aerodynamic and physical properties. The generation characteristics of the AG for the different CNT and CNF materials were investigated by measuring aerosol number concentrations and its decay properties with time. Airborne particle properties such as mobility and aerodynamic diameters were measured using mobility and aerodynamic particle sizers. The bulk and effective densities of the powder and aerosol were obtained by measuring the mass and volume of the bulk material and aerosol particles, where effective density was calculated by a tandem mobility-mass technique. The relationship between the aerosol properties (i.e., particle size, concentration, and dustiness) and bulk density of the material was also investigated to understand the potential for dispersion in air. The results showed that the aerosol concentration decay for each nanomaterial has a unique time constant, and that the rate of decay is positively correlated with the bulk density of the powder: the lower the bulk density, the slower the concentration decay. The aerodynamic diameter increased with increasing bulk density, while the mobility diameter showed the opposite trend. In general, bulk density is smaller than the particle effective density, and the effective density tends to approach the bulk density as particle size increases. Also, the bulk density of the fibrous nanomaterials tested in this study showed a reasonable correlation with dustiness data obtained from both our measurements and the literature, which was relatively weak for non-fibrous powders. This study indicates that more loosely agglomerated CNT powders, with lower bulk densities, would be more readily dispersed, and the dispersed particles remain airborne for longer periods. Depending on particle size, such materials can pose higher exposure risks due to their ease of dispersion and longer residence times.
Development and Validation of the Occupational Self-Assessment-Short Form (OSA-SF).

Importance: The Occupational Self-Assessment, Version 2.2 (OSA 2.2), is a client-centered measure of clients’ perceived occupational competence and value. The OSA 2.2 has previously demonstrated good structural validity and internal consistency; however, the administration length could deter therapists from using this assessment in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation. Objective: To evaluate reliability and validity of the OSA 2.2 in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation and to develop and validate the OSA–Short Form (OSA–SF). Design: We performed a descriptive psychometric analysis using the Rasch analytic approach. Setting: The data were collected in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation. Participants: Our convenience sample consisted of 86 patients in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation. Outcomes and Measures: Participants rated their perceived occupational competence and value by completing the OSA 2.2. Results: We examined psychometric properties of the OSA 2.2 and OSA–SF using a partial credit Rasch model. The 21-item OSA 2.2 was reduced to a 12-item OSA–SF through iterative removal of items on the basis of item-misfit statistics. The OSA–SF demonstrated adequate rating scale functioning, dimensionality, item and person goodness of fit, item targeting, item hierarchies, and item and person separation. Conclusions and Relevance: Findings indicate that the OSA–SF is a valid and reliable measure that can guide client-centered goal setting and intervention planning for adults receiving acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation. What This Article Adds: The OSA 2.2 and the OSA–SF offer a client-centered approach to evaluating patients’ self-reported ability and ratings of the importance of performing everyday occupations. These assessments can guide client-centered goal setting in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.
Late Relapse of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in an Adolescent Presenting as Severe Gastroduodenitis.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a systemic vasculitis, commonly affecting children. Gastrointestinal manifestations are observed in 50-75% of patients; it is well known they may occur before skin lesions in about 20% of cases during the first vasculitic episode. Relapses occur in about one third of patients, typically within four months from the initial presentation and with milder symptoms. We report the case of a 17-year old girl with an atypical relapse of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, presenting with acute abdominal symptoms five years after the first episode. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed duodenal multiple hyperemic and hemorrhagic lesions. To our knowledge this is the first case of hemorrhagic-erosive duodenitis representing a relapse of Henoch-Schonlein purpura occurring several years after the initial episode. Duodenojejunal inflammation should be considered as primary manifestation of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, not only during the first episode, but also in relapses. Endoscopy can be helpful for differential diagnosis, especially in patients with atypical manifestations. Further studies are needed to evaluate risk factors for Henoch-Schonlein purpura recurrence and the possible role of faecal calprotectin as an early marker for gastrointestinal involvement.
Exploring Allocation Policies in Disaggregated Non-Volatile Memories

Many modern applications have memory footprints that are increasingly large, driving system memory capacities higher and higher. However, due to the diversity of applications that run on High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems, the memory utilization can fluctuate widely from one application to another, which results in underutilization issues when there are many jobs with small memory footprints. Since memory chips are collocated with the compute nodes, this necessitates the need for message passing APIs to be able to share information between nodes.To address some of these issues, vendors are exploring disaggregated memory-centric systems. In this type of organization, there are discrete nodes, reserved solely for memory, which are shared across many compute nodes. Due to their capacity, low-power, and non-volatility, Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) are ideal candidates for these memory nodes. Moreover, larger memory capacities open the door to different programming models (more shared memory style approaches) which are now being added to the C++ and Fortran language specifications. This paper proposes a simulation model for studying disaggregated memory architectures using a publicly available simulator, SST Simulator, and investigates various memory allocation policies.
Developing undergraduate community psychology pedagogy and research practice

In this study two community psychology students describe their experiences in participating in different types of "green" volunteer sustainable programs. In the first scenario, Anthonie Collins describes his experiences in working with young men in a youth detention facility and how the participants discovered the intrinsic value of maintaining a vegetable community garden. In the second scenario, Jordan Seitz describes her experiences in organizing a community apple harvest at a local fruit tree orchard in Wyoming, MN. At the conclusion of their community service projects, participants were interviewed regarding their overall subjective experiences in participating in an outdoor "green space" community service project and how superordinate programs that provide increased positive contact helped improve understanding of persons from ethnically diverse cultures and appreciate the value of outdoor "green" voluntary programs.
Gold Aerogel Monoliths with Tunable Ultralow Densities

Herein we report the fabrication of ultralight gold aerogel monoliths with tunable densities and pore structures. Gold nanowires are prepared at the gram scale by substrate-assisted growth with uniform size, ultrathin diameters, high purity, and a high aspect ratio. Freeze-casting of suspensions of these nanowires produces free-standing, monolithic aerogels with tunable densities from 6 to 23 mg/cm3, which to the best of our knowledge represents the lowest density monolithic gold material. We also demonstrate that the pore geometries created during freeze-casting can be systematically tuned across multiple length scales by the selection of different solvents and excipients in the feedstock suspension. The mechanical behavior of porous materials depends on relative density and pore architectures.
A Case Report of Recurrent Lupus Nephritis 15 Days After Renal Transplantation.

Abstract Renal transplantation is an ever-growing therapeutic option for patients with end-stage renal disease due to lupus nephritis. Outcomes for these patients are comparable to those of patients receiving renal transplantation for other causes. A known complication for these patients is recurrence of lupus nephritis in the renal graft (recurrent lupus nephritis [RLN]). Although disease severity at the time of recurrence is usually milder, a small number of cases have been reported to progress to allograft failure. There is a trend toward preemptive renal transplantation in patients with lupus nephritis, as more favorable outcomes have been observed with this treatment modality. While clinicians usually seek clinical remission of lupus prior to proceeding with renal transplantation, no guidelines are established regarding how often to check for serologic activity of lupus in patients with end-stage renal disease due to lupus nephritis and whether these serologic markers should be taken into account when deciding on the timing of transplantation. We present a case of early RLN co-occurring with acute cellular rejection 15 days after renal transplantation. The patient had been in clinical remission for more than 5 months prior to transplantation but had a rise in anti–double-stranded DNA antibody titers and a decrease in complement C3 level at the time of surgery. Although additional studies are needed to establish the extent to which serologic markers of lupus correlate with renal graft dysfunction, this case suggests hypocomplementemia and high double-stranded DNA antibody titers may be a risk factor for early RLN.
Comparison of a web‐push survey research protocol with a mailed paper and pencil protocol in the Monitoring the Future panel survey

AIMS The experiment tested the effects of a web-push survey research protocol, compared with the standard mailed paper-and-pencil protocol, among young adults aged 19-30 years in the 'Monitoring the Future' (MTF) longitudinal study. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The US-based MTF study has measured substance use trends among young adults in panel samples followed biennially, using consistent mailed survey procedures from 1977 to 2017. In 2018, young adult participants in the MTF longitudinal component scheduled to be surveyed at ages 19-30 in 2018 (from high school senior cohorts of 2006-17, n = 14 709) were randomly assigned to receive the standard mail/paper survey procedures or new web-push procedures. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcomes were responding to the survey and prevalence estimates for past 30-day use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and illicit drugs. FINDINGS The web-push response rate was 39.07% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 37.889, 40.258]; this was significantly better than the standard MTF response rate of 35.12% (95% CI = 33.964, 36.285). After adjusting for covariates, the web-push condition was associated with a 19% increase in the odds of responding compared with standard MTF (adjusted odds ratio = 1.188; 95% CI = 1.096, 1.287). Substance use prevalence estimates were very similar and differences became negligible when using attrition weights and controlling for socio-demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The web-push protocol produced a higher response rate than the mailed pencil and paper protocol in the Monitoring the Future panel study, without substantially affecting estimates of substance use once attrition weights and socio-demographic variables were factored in.
Hybrid Manufacturing: A New Additive Manufacturing Approach for Closed Pump Impellers

Additive Manufacturing enables the production of pump impellers with a much shorter lead-time than conventionally used casting processes. This is of particular importance for the maintenance and repair business, as it can lead to a reduction of down time or the necessity to keep spare impellers on stock.
Factors associated with a tunneled dialysis catheter in place at initial arteriovenous access creation

Abstract Objective Arteriovenous (AV) access is the preferred hemodialysis modality to avoid the complications associated with tunneled dialysis catheters (TDCs). Despite efforts to create timely AV access, many patients still initiate hemodialysis through TDCs. Our goal was to determine the patient factors associated with having a TDC present at initial AV access creation and how this affects survival. Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective review of all patients who had undergone initial AV fistula creation from 2014 to 2019. Patients with previous peritoneal or AV access were excluded. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to identify associations with a TDC present at initial AV access creation and patient survival. Results Of 509 patients who had undergone initial AV access creation, a TDC was present in 280 (55%). The mean patient age was 59.7 ± 14.1 years. The access types were brachiocephalic (47.2%), brachiobasilic (22.4%), radiocephalic (15.5%), and prosthetic (12.6%). The patients with a TDC compared with those without a TDC were less likely to be obese (68.9% vs 54.2%), more likely to be homeless (10.4% vs 4.8%), and more likely to be an inpatient (44.6% vs 18.8%). They were less likely to have seen a primary care physician within 1 year preoperatively (54.3% vs 88.6%) and a nephrologist within 3 months preoperatively (39.3% vs 93%; P Conclusions The absence of a preoperative nephrology visit, homeless status, and the absence of obesity were associated with a TDC present at initial AV access creation. However, the presence of a TDC did not appear to confer changes in short-term survival. Targeted improvements in high-risk populations such as increasing the frequency of preoperative subspecialty evaluation might be warranted to reduce TDC placement before AV access creation at urban safety-net hospitals.
A practical approach to determining soil-sample detection efficiency in field gamma-ray spectroscopy.

Abstract Field measurements of radionuclide activities in soil samples via gamma spectroscopy measurements are conducted for many applications. One example application space is on-site inspection for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. To extract isotopic activities from observed peak counting rates, it is necessary to understand the absolute efficiency of the detector system for a sample. In principle, this efficiency is a function of many parameters, such as sample geometry, soil elemental composition, and soil density. The demands of field measurements within the context of on-site inspections, however, places a premium on an easy-to-implement approach at the possible expense of accuracy given the need to process many samples in a short period of time. This paper presents a semi-empirical approach, using a calibrated standard and a correction that depends only on the relative differences in density of the sample and the standard. Field measurements were conducted to demonstrate the validity of the approach.
Do Lawyers Matter? Early Evidence on Eviction Patterns After the Rollout of Universal Access to Counsel in New York City

One of the primary eviction prevention measures jurisdictions across the country have taken is to expand access to free legal counsel for low-income tenants facing eviction. In 2017, New York City ...
A Tailored Domain-specific Intervention Using Contextual Information about Sedentary Behavior to Reduce Sedentary Time: A Bayesian Approach

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of a tailored domain-specific intervention using contextual information about sedentary behavior to reduce sedentary time. A total of 40 particip...
Transition for System-Involved Youth with Disabilities: Law, Compliance, and Support

For youth with disabilities within the juvenile justice system, transition is multifaceted and can constitute movement from facility to facility or education placement to placement. However, within a juvenile justice context, transition is also a legal term of art that derives from a set of interrelated laws, policies, and procedures that guide juvenile justice system professionals’ transition practices and serves as a foundation for service delivery and associated youth outcomes. For youth with emotional disturbance (ED) or related conditions, transition also incorporates the process of migrating mental or behavioral health treatment or supports upon reentry. However, youth support during all facets of transition (e.g., compliance with legal transition mandates, placement, service continuity) is often insufficient to help youth transition successfully. Related to this, juvenile justice system professionals often struggle to use law and policy to guide their pre- and postrelease transition planning across education, mental and behavioral health, employment, and mentoring supports. Using a legal compliance focal point theoretical perspective, this article first explores the relevant legal provisions that address prerelease transition supports for youth with disabilities within the juvenile justice system. It then offers suggestions for building a framework to bridge the gap between legal compliance and transition support across the pre- and postrelease transition spectrum.
Associations of depression and sociodemographic characteristics with patient activation among those presenting for spine surgery.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the associations of sociodemographic characteristics and PROMIS domain scores with patient activation among patients presenting for spine surgery at a university-affiliated spine center. Methods Patients completed a survey collecting demographic and social information. Patients also completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Patient Activation Measure questionnaires. The associations of PROMIS scores and sociodemographic characteristics with patient activation were assessed using linear and ordinal logistic regression (patient activation stage as ordinal). Results A total of 1018 patients were included. Most respondents were white (84%), married (73%), and female (52%). Patients were distributed among the 4 activation stages as follows: stage I, 7.7%; stage II, 12%; stage III, 26%; and stage IV, 55%. Mean (±standard deviation) patient activation score was 70 ± 17 points. Female sex (adjusted coefficient [AC] = 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1, 6.4) and annual household income >$80,000 (OR = 3.7; 95% CI 0.54, 6.9) were associated with higher patient activation scores. Lower patient activation scores were associated with worse PROMIS Depression (AC = −0.31; 95% CI −0.48, −0.14), Fatigue (OR = −0.19; 95% CI −0.33, −0.05), Pain (OR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.01, 0.43), and Social Satisfaction (OR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.14, 0.51) scores. Conclusion Depression and socioeconomic status, along with PROMIS Pain, Fatigue, and Social Satisfaction domains, were associated with patient activation. Patients with a greater burden of depressive symptoms had lower patient activation; conversely, women and those with higher income had greater patient activation. Level of evidence Level 1.
Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and triangulated patient body marking are important parts of the sentinel node process in breast cancer

Breast CancerSentinel Lymph NodeMorbidityLymphoscintigraphy Introdu tio Failure to visualize or correctly visualize sentinel nodes (SN) during preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (LS) is a frustrating problem. Most of these instances occur due to inexperience in performing the studies, and can be realized and corrected with the use of proper technique, even in centers that do not have state of art equipment. This is now becoming a major issue, as more and more sentinel node biopsies are being performed, and will increasingly gain more importance once sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) becomes the standard of care in patients with breast cancer world wide.
Chronic Neurological Diseases

Most subacute and chronic progressive degenerative diseases of the central nervous system of man have been classified as disorders of unknown etiology. Few if any are curable, and although some are genetically determined, most are sporadic in occurrence, and there appears not to be a history of the disease in close relatives. That any one or more of these chronic idiopathic disorders might have infection as their etiology was not recognized until the subacute progressive degenerative heredofamilial disease kuru was transmitted to chimpanzees and was subsequently shown to be serially transmissible in experimental animals inoculated with bacteria- free filtrates of brain tissues from animals dying with the disease. Kuru thus became the first subacute fatal central nervous system disease of man to have a virus-induced “slow infection” established as its etiology.
Combining Static and Dynamic Reasoning for the Discovery of Program Properties

Combinations of static and dynamic analyses can be profitably employed in tasks such as program understanding, bug detection, behavior discovery, etc. In the past several years, we have explored a particular scheme for improving the quality of bug reports in a sequence of tools: JCrasher, Check 'n' Crash, and DSD-Crasher. We have additionally explored the combination of dynamic and symbolic execution for the purpose of inferring program invariants in the DySy tool. In this talk, we discuss such approaches, while distinguishing the conceptual benefits and drawbacks of each approach from the abilities and shortcomings of the current representative tools.
Vascular Attributes and Malignant Brain Tumors

Many diseases affect blood vessel morphology. This report analyzes vessel attributes (tortuosity, vessel density, radius, and terminal branch count) within 5 malignant gliomas as seen by high-resolution MR. Results are compared to those in the same anatomical region of 14 normal controls. All tumor patients had marked increases in vessel tortuosity and terminal branch count. These results raise the interesting possibility of automatically defining “vessels of malignancy” within regions of interest on medical images.
The role of adiposity in the relationship between serum leptin and severe major depressive episode

Abstract To assess the role that adiposity plays in the association between leptin and major depressive episode (MDE), we analyzed the data of 1046 men and 1359 women aged 20–39 years, who completed an interview and had blood collected as a part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1991 and 1994. Waist-hip ratio (WHR) was used as an indicator of adiposity. MDE was assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. For normal-WHR women, the prevalence of MDE was reversely associated with leptin levels, 13.7(4.4)%, 12.2(4.0)% and 2.3(1.8)% respectively for lower, interquartile, and upper quartile. For abnormal-WHR women, the prevalence of MDE was positively associated with leptin, 6.1(2.3)%, 9.1(2.4)% and 20.0 (3.8) respectively for the three leptin levels. Compared to women with lower quartile of leptin, the odds ratio of MDE for women with upper quartile was 0.09 (0.01–0.98) for normal-WHR women but 4.35 (1.55–12.2) for abnormal-WHR women. No moderating effects were observed among men. Using BMI in place of WHR revealed similar findings. The association between MDE and leptin is moderated by adiposity. High leptin levels are associated with low odds of MDE among women with normal adiposity but high odds among women with abnormal adiposity.
Development of Micro Air Vehicle Technology with In-Flight Adaptive-Wing Structure

This is a final report on the research studies, "Development of Micro Air Vehicle Technology with In-Flight Adaptrive-Wing Structure". This project involved the development of variable-camber technology to achieve efficient design of micro air vehicles. Specifically, it focused on the following topics: 1) Low Reynolds number wind tunnel testing of cambered-plate wings. 2) Theoretical performance analysis of micro air vehicles. 3) Design of a variable-camber MAV actuated by micro servos. 4) Test flights of a variable-camber MAV.
Chapter 73 Nonparametric identification

When one wants to estimate a model without specifying the functions and distributions parametrically, or when one wants to analyze the identification of a model independently of any particular parametric specification, it is useful to perform a nonparametric analysis of identification. This chapter presents some of the recent results on the identification of nonparametric econometric models. It considers identification in models that are additive in unobservable random terms and in models that are nonadditive in unobservable random terms. Single equation models as well as models with a system of equations are studied. Among the latter, special attention is given to structural models whose reduced forms are triangular in the unobservable random terms, and to simultaneous equations, where the reduced forms are functions of all the unobservable variables in the system. The chapter first presents some general identification results for single-equation models that are additive in unobservable random terms, single-equation models that are nonadditive in unobservable random terms, single-equation models that possess and index structure, simultaneous equations nonadditive in unobservable random terms, and discrete choice models. Then, particular ways of achieving identification are considered. These include making use of conditional independence restrictions, marginal independence restrictions, shape restrictions on functions, shape restrictions on distributions, and restrictions in both functions and distributions. The objective is to provide insight into some of the recent techniques that have been developed recently, rather than on presenting a complete survey of the literature.
Cognitive control adjustments and conflict adaptation in major depressive disorder

Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) show alterations in the cognitive control function of conflict processing. We examined the influence of these deficits on behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) indices of conflict adaptation, a cognitive control process wherein previous-trial congruency modulates current-trial performance, in 55 individuals with MDD and 55 matched controls. ERPs were calculated while participants completed a modified flanker task. There were nonsignificant between-groups differences in response time, error rate, and N2 indices of conflict adaptation. Higher depressive symptom scores were associated with smaller mean N2 conflict adaptation scores for individuals with MDD and when collapsed across groups. Results were consistent when comorbidity and medications were analyzed. These findings suggest N2 conflict adaptation is associated with depressive symptoms rather than clinical diagnosis alone.
Multiresolution blind deconvolution of symmetric point-spread functions from bioelectrical potentials

Cardiac muscle tissue consists of multiple, electrically-active layers, whose electrical potentials can be reconstructed from surface measurements as a volume conductor inverse problem. These are useful in diagnosis following myocardial infarction. The measurements include an unknown point-spread function, which must be blindly deconvolved from the bioelectrical potentials. We present a new divide-and-conquer approach to this problem: (1) unwrap the 2-D problem into a huge 1-D problem; (2) perform a multiresolution (subband) decomposition of the huge 1-D problem into small 1-D problems; (3) solve the small 1-D problems by finding the null vector of a Toeplitz-plus-Hankel matrix. Depending on the noise level, the polynomial Euclidian algorithm or structured total least squares may be used.
Tracking in Control Systems Described by Nonlinear Differential-Algebraic Equations with Applications to Constrained Robot Systems

In this paper, we consider the problem of designing a feedback control law so that the outputs track desired reference inputs in control systems described by a class of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations. Assumptions are introduced a procedure is developed such that an equivalent state realization of the control system described by nonlinear differential-algebraic equations is expressed in a familiar normal form. A nonlinear feedback control law is then proposed which ensures, under appropriate assumptions, that the tracking error in the closed loop differential-algebraic system approaches zero exponentially. Applications to simultaneous contact force and position tracking in constrained robot systems with rigid joints, constrained robot systems with joint flexibility, and constrained robot systems with significant actuator dynamics are discussed.
Seasonal change in metabolic rate of Drosophila simulans

1. 1. Second-generation descendents of wild-caught female Drosophila simulans Sturtevant collected at different seasons from Gainesville, Florida, USA, were reared under a constant temperature and food level but with seasonally variable photoperiods. 2. 2. Body weight and metabolic rate, after adjustment to a common body weight, were higher in descendents of flies collected in fall and winter. 3. 3. Temperature sensitivity (Q10) of metabolic rate was also related to season: higher Q10 values were associated with seasons of increasing temperatures and lower Q10 values were associated with seasons of decreasing temperatures. 4. 4. These metabolic characteristics may be adaptive in enhancing activity at lower temperatures and conserving energy at higher temperatures.
Quercetin-nanostructured lipid carriers: Characteristics and anti-breast cancer activities in vitro

Quercetin (Q), a common dietary flavonoid, has gained research attention in cancer chemo-prevention, but its low level of aqueous solubility, stability, cellular bioavailability has limited its application. We have synthesized biocompatible and biodegradable Q-nanostructured lipid carriers (Q-NLC) using a novel phase inversion-based process method. The average size of Q-NLC was 32 nm in diameter. Q-NLC had good chemical and physical stability, and showed a sustained release pattern. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of Q-NLC were 95% and 11%, respectively. The aqueous solubility of Q was dramatically improved by at least 1000 folds. The results from Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that Q presented in NLC as an encapsulated molecule form. As compared to native Q, Q-NLC dramatically increased cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner (1-50 μM) and induced apoptosis at 20 μM in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis were parallel to increased Q uptake by those cancer cells. Void NLC did not change the viability and apoptosis of those cancer cells as compared to phosphate buffered saline. In conclusion, Q-NLC dramatically enhanced the anti-cancer activities of Q, which were associated with enhanced Q solubility and stability, and increased Q content in those cancer cells. Q-NLC have a potential for chemo-preventive use in breast cancer.
Missed work related to mid-week screening colonoscopy.

Background Most screening colonoscopies require patients to miss work on the day of the procedure. Little is known about whether patients are taking additional time off from work, and the reasons for doing so.
Acute Mycobacterial Flexor Tenosynovitis Following Accidental Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Inoculation in a Health Care Worker: Case Report

Solutions containing bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a live attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium tuberculosis, commonly are injected intravesically to treat tumors of the urinary bladder. We report a case of acute mycobacterial flexor tenosynovitis in a health care worker who inadvertently inoculated her finger via needlestick while preparing BCG solution for intravesicular administration. She was treated successfully with immediate operative intervention followed by 6 months of antimycobacterial antibiotics. Of 3 previous reports of hand infections following self-inoculation with BCG solutions, this case is unique owing to rapid onset of acute mycobacterial flexor tenosynovitis and positive intraoperative mycobacterial cultures. Needlesticks with BCG-containing solutions, especially into the flexor tendon sheath, should be treated with timely surgical debridement and appropriate antimycobacterial management.
Particle-size distributions of low-angle normal fault breccias: Implications for slip mechanisms on weak faults

Abstract Slip on low-angle normal faults is not well understood because they slip at high angles to the maximum principal stress directions. These faults are considered weak and their motion cannot be explained using standard Byerlee friction and Andersonian fault mechanics. One proposed mechanism for weak fault slip is reduction of effective normal stress induced by high pore-fluid pressure. This mechanism is likely to allow dilation of the fault zone and, therefore, affect the particle-size distribution of fault breccia, which has been shown to differ for unconstrained versus constrained comminution. High pore-fluid pressure can cause dilation which leads to unconstrained comminution. We analyze samples from the footwalls of two low-angle normal faults in southern California (West Salton and Whipple detachment faults) to determine the fault-rock textures and grain-size distributions (GSDs). The GSDs are fractal with fractal dimensions ranging from ∼2.6 to 3.4. The lower end of this range is thought to reflect constrained comminution and only occurs in samples from the footwall of a small-offset “minidetachment” fault about 100 m below the Whipple detachment. The higher fractal dimensions are common in cataclasites related to the main faults and also reflect constrained comminution but are overprinted by shear localization. Our GSDs are similar to those from natural and laboratory-deformed fault rocks from strong faults. We conclude that if high pore-fluid pressure aided slip on these faults, it did not strongly affect mechanisms by which brecciation occurs, implying that fluid pressure generally was sublithostatic. Independent evidence exists for lithostatic fluid pressure that having dropped or cycled to hydrostatic levelsin the minidetachment, but our GSD results suggest that periods of high fluid pressure were too short or infrequent for unconstrained comminution to have been the dominant cataclastic mechanism. Fractal dimensions of ∼2.6 for these samples suggest that little subsequent abrasion occurred due to shear localization, consistent with minor offset on the minidetachment. Main detachment footwall samples with fractal dimensions ≥3 reflect constrained comminution followed by shear-related abrasion, and suggest that seismic cycling was important in formation of main detachment cataclasites.
T-burner data and combustion instability in solid propellant rockets.

It has long been a cherished hope of some people that measurements of unsteady burning in the laboratory should be applicable to the very important practical problem of instabilities in a rocket chamber. In this Note, we wish to describe what appears to be the first experimental verification of this idea.
Long poly(A) tracts in the human genome are associated with the Alu family of repeated elements

Abstract Long poly(dA) · poly(dT) tracts (poly(A) tracts), regions of DNA containing at least 20 contiguous dA residues on one strand and dT residues on the complementary strand, are found in about 2 × 104 copies interspersed throughout the human genome. Using poly(dA) · poly(dT) as a hybridization probe, we identified recombinant λ phage that contained inserts of human DNA with poly(A) tracts. Three such tracts have been characterized by restriction mapping and sequence analysis. One major poly(A) tract is present within each insert and is composed of from 28 to 35 A residues. In each case, the poly(A) tract directly abuts the 3′ end of the human Alu element, indicating that the major class of poly(A) tracts in the human genome is associated with this family of repeats. The poly(A) tracts are also adjacent to A-rich sequences and, in one case, to a polypurine tract, having the structure GA3-GA3-GA4-GA6-GA5-GA4. We suggest that repetitive cycles of unequal crossing over may give rise to both the long poly(A) and polypurine tracts observed in this study.
From bottega to studio

The changing conception of the artist that occurred during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has been recognized in various ways. This article seeks to argue that it may be seen in the language used to describe artists’ working spaces. Typically lacking any precise differentiation in the inventories of painters’ estates that enumerate the contents of their dwellings room by room, the language for these spaces undergoes a change in the more rhetorically shaped literature on art. First sporadically, then strikingly, the word ‘bottega’ with its unwanted commercial connotations is abandoned and, before ‘studio’ comes to take its place, the word ‘stanza’– simply space or room – is used as a more neutral, less problematic word, even for multiple spaces. Entailed in this usage is both the concern for the status of the artist and the introduction of new social practices into a definition of the artist's workplace that had been largely economic.
An Examination of Historical Inorganic Sedimentation and Organic Matter Accumulation in Several Marsh Types within the Mobile Bay and Mobile—Tensaw River Delta Region

ABSTRACT Smith, C.G.; Osterman, L.E., and Poore, R.Z., 2013. An examination of historical inorganic sedimentation and organic matter accumulation in several marsh types within the Mobile Bay and Mobile—Tensaw River delta region. In: Brock, J.C.; Barras, J.A., and Williams, S.J. (eds.), Understanding and Predicting Change in the Coastal Ecosystems of the Northern Gulf of Mexico, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 63, pp. 68–83, Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Mass accumulation rates (MAR; g cm-2 y-1), linear sedimentation rates (LSR; cm y-1), and core geochronology derived from excess lead-210 (210Pb) profiles and inventories measured in six sediment cores collected from marsh sites from the MobileTensaw River Delta and Mobile Bay region record the importance of both continuous and event-driven inorganic sedimentation over the last 120 years. MAR in freshwater marshes varied considerably between sites and through time (0.24 and 1.31 g cm-2 y-1). The highest MARs occurred in the 1950s a...
4,3 additions to α,β-unsaturated ketones via η2 CC binding to a ruthenium complex.

Abstract The [Cp*Ru(CO)P 2 ]+ fragment (Cp* = η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) binds α,β-unsaturated ketones in an η 2 -CC fashion. The resulting complex is subject to attack by H − at the 4-position, leaving the ruthenium bound to the substrate at the 3-position. The RuC bond, formed in this way, can be cleaved to give a variety of 4,3-addition products.
Biaxial Strain Effects on Cells from the Inner and Outer Regions of the Meniscus

During knee joint loading, the fibrocartilaginous menisci experience significant spatial variations in mechanical stimuli. Meniscus cells also exhibit significant variations in biosynthesis and gene expression depending on their location within the tissue. These metabolic patterns are consistent with a more chondrocytic phenotype for cells located within the avascular inner two-thirds compared with a more fibroblastic phenotype for cells within the vascularized outer periphery. The spatial distribution of cell biosynthesis and gene expression patterns within the meniscus suggest that cells may exhibit intrinsically different responses to mechanical stimuli. The objective of our study was to test for intrinsic differences in the responsiveness of these meniscus cell populations to an equivalent mechanical stimulus. Cellular biosynthesis and gene expression for extracellular matrix proteins in isolated inner and outer meniscus cells in monolayer were quantified following cyclic biaxial stretch. The results demonstrate that inner and outer meniscus cells exhibit significant differences in matrix biosynthesis and gene expression regardless of stretching condition. Both inner and outer meniscus cells responded to stretch with increased nitric oxide production and total protein synthesis. The results suggest that inner and outer meniscus cells may respond similarly to biaxial stretch in vitro with measures of biosynthesis and gene expression.
T-cadherin, a novel cadherin cell adhesion molecule in the nervous system lacks the conserved cytoplasmic region.

Abstract We have characterized T-cadherin, a glycoprotein of 95 kd from chick embryo brain by expression cloning and sequencing of corresponding cDNAs. The nucleotide sequence predicts a novel cadherin cell adhesion molecule in the nervous system. Surprisingly, the isolated cDNAs do not encode the cytoplasmic region conserved in other cadherin subclasses. Biochemical analysis revealed that this truncated (T) cadherin is attached to the neuronal plasma membrane through a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor. T-cadherin is a component of different neuronal populations and is expressed in a temporally and spatially restricted pattern during axon growth. These results are consistant with a putative role of T-cadherin in axon growth and guidance.
Insanity, Justification, and Culpability Toward a Unifying Schema*

Insanity has long been viewed as an “excuse” rather than a “justification”: Insane people are acquitted not because they did nothing wrong, but because they are considered morally blameless for their wrongful conduct. A new substantive test based on justificatory rather than exculpatory principles—a “quasisubjective justification” (QSJ) test—is compared to Finkel's “relative culpability” test, and to two “excuse” oriented tests, ALI and IDRA, across seven cases. QSJ and Finkel's test both produced significant verdict differences, whereas ALI and IDRA verdicts were not significantly different. The QSJ effect, however, was observed only in cases judged low in justification, and thus did not play a determinative role across cases; other variables, such as perceived severity of the disorder and culpability for bringing about the disorder, to which only Finkel's test was sensitive, seem to have more explanatory power.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin-B (SEB) alters [14C]-choline transport and phosphatidylcholine metabolism in cultured human kidney proximal tubular cells

We studied the effects of SEB on [14C]-choline transport and metabolism of choline containing phospholipids in cultured human kidney proximal tubular (PT) cells. SEB increased the uptake of [14C]-choline in PT cells as a function of toxin concentration, incubation time, and pH. The maximum increase in uptake (3.5–5-fold compared to control) was observed at a toxin concentration of 10 ug/104 cells, at 4 h and at pH 7.4. Two toxins structurally related to SEB, Staphylococcal enterotoxin-A and toxic shock toxin (TST-1) failed to alter [14C]-choline uptake in PT cells, a finding which indicates that SEB-mediated alteration in choline uptake in PT cells has high specificity.
Activation of Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells by ϵBP, an IgE-Binding Endogenous Lectin

Abstract IgE-binding protein (ϵBP) is a β-galactoside-binding animal lectin identified by its affinity for IgE. We have reported that ϵBP also binds the mast cell high-affinity IgE receptor (FcϵRI), via lectin-carbohydrate interaction. We have now studied the physiological significance of ϵBP-IgE-FcϵRI interactions in mast cell activation using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells as the model system. We report here that both unsensitized and IgE-sensitized RBL cells are activated upon exposure to ϵBP-coated surfaces. Activation of RBL cells by the lectin ϵBP can be significantly inhibited by appropriate saccharides. Exposure of RBL cells to ϵBP-coated surfaces caused cell spreading similar to that caused from adherence to fibronectin-coated surfaces. However, ϵBP by itself caused mediator release whereas fibronectin only potentiated antigen-mediated activation of RBL cells. Under appropriate conditions, ϵBP, therefore, has the potential to activate mast cells culminating in augmentation of an inflammatory response.
Using redundancy to enable interactive communication for moving vehicles

No abstract provided. The document was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Special structural features of the rat portal vein.

Unlike other rat veins of comparable diameter, the smooth muscle cells of the extrahepatic segment of the portal vein are arranged in two distinct mutually perpendicular layers. The relatively narrow inner layer is nearly circumferential and devoid of vasa vasorum; the cells resemble those seen in other veins. In the longitudinal outer layer, vasa are abundant and the cells contain unusual numbers of mitochondria and abundant pinocytotic vesicles, indicating relatively increased metabolic activity. Between the layers, the connective tissue contains nerve fibers, suggesting coordinated reflex activity.
Comparative criminology in the era of neoliberal globalization

Comparing the justice systems of industrialized capitalist countries within the context of today's increasingly “global world” is no small task. This endeavor necessarily entails a discussion of is...
Many monoclonal antibodies with an apparent specificity for certain lung cancers are directed against a sugar sequence found in lacto-N-fucopentaose III.

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies with an apparent specificity for human small-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous carcinoma of the lung are produced by some hybridomas obtained from mice and rats immunized with an established line of human small cell lung cancer. Out of 85 of these antibodies produced by independently isolated hybridomas from 15 different fusions, 21 are directed against the sugar sequence which occurs in lacto- N -fucopentaose III ceramide, in several higher glycolipids and in glycoproteins. Specificity was determined by autoradiography of thin-layer chromatograms of glycolipids, by solid-phase radioimmunoassays, and by hapten inhibition studies. All 21 antibodies are of the immunoglobulin M type.