cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of piezo actuator’s nonlinear and frequency dependent dynamics

Abstract To facilitate on-line identification and implementation of a piezoelectric actuator model for precision machining, this paper describes a hybrid hysteresis model integrating the classical Preisach model and a neural network. The incorporation of a neural network enables on-line model identification from operating data of a piezo (a great contrast to the tedious calibration process required by the classical Preisach model). The model is then extended to describe a piezo actuator’s frequency dependent behavior which is not possible for the classical model. Experimental results confirmed the accuracy of both models and the superiority of the extended one.
The professional identity of counselling psychologists in health care: a review and call for research

Despite (a) anecdotal evidence which suggests that it is possible to be a counselling psychologist in non-traditional settings, and (b) the potential integration of counselling psychology foci with the medical model, there has been some discussion about whether counselling psychologists who practice in health care settings might experience a change in their professional identity. Professional identity is defined here as a sense of connection to the values and emphases of counselling psychology. The retention of professional identity seems important for counselling psychologists in health care settings. This is considering that the application of counselling psychology principles has the potential to make their contributions unique among mental health professionals in the health care arena. Here, the authors describe the evolution of ‘counselling health psychology’ and address issues of professional identity. Limitations of existing literature are examined. Recommendations for future research are also made.
Policy and challenges of building schools as inclusive communities

In this paper, we address building inclusive communities by looking at school as a community, as a place where students participate in learning and also learn to participate in the life of a community and life in a broader inclusive society. At the international level, policies increasingly position education as a business organisation, with claims about accountability and managerialism that distract attention from and undermine inclusive community‐building writ large. This results in conversations in education that focus almost exclusively on students' test performance without attention to the moral and civic purposes of education. In this paper, we argue that the international policy attention to test performance in education, with a focus on proficiency over learning, claims educational equity as a purpose but perpetuates social inequality instead.
Ack1 Mediates Cdc42-dependent Cell Migration and Signaling to p130Cas

We previously showed that activation of the small GTPase Cdc42 promotes breast cell migration on a collagen matrix. Here we further define the signaling pathways that drive this response and show that Cdc42-mediated migration relies on the adaptor molecule p130(Cas). Activated Cdc42 enhanced p130(Cas) phosphorylation and its binding to Crk. Cdc42-driven migration and p130(Cas) phosphorylation were dependent on the Cdc42 effector Ack1 (activated Cdc42-associated kinase). Ack1 formed a signaling complex that also included Cdc42, p130(Cas), and Crk, formation of which was regulated by collagen stimulation. The interaction between Ack1 and p130(Cas) occurred through their respective SH3 domains, while the substrate domain of p130(Cas) was the major site of Ack1-dependent phosphorylation. Signaling through this complex is functionally relevant, because treatment with either p130(Cas) or Ack1 siRNA blocked Cdc42-induced migration. These results suggest that Cdc42 exerts its effects on cell migration in part through its effector Ack1, which regulates p130(Cas) signaling.
Healthcare Use Among Older Primary Care Patients with Minor Depression

Objective To determine the rate of healthcare utilization for older primary care patients by depression status. Design Cross-sectional data analysis. Setting Primary care practices, western New York state. Participants 753 patients aged 65 years and older. Measures Diagnostic depression categories were determined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The Cornell Services Index (CSI) measured outpatient medical visits. Demographic, clinical, and functional variables were obtained from medical records and interview data. Results 41.23% had subsyndromal or minor depression (M/SSD) and 53.15% had no depression. The unadjusted mean number of outpatient medical visits was greater in those with M/SSD (3.96 visits within 3 months) compared to those without depression (2.84), with a significant difference after adjusting for demographic, functional, and clinical factors. Conclusion Those with M/SSD had higher rates of healthcare utilization compared with those without depressive symptoms. Future research should examine whether interventions for older adults with M/SSD reduce healthcare utilization.
Block copolymer micelles as a solution for drug delivery problems

Micelles, nanosized colloidal particles with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell, can be successfully used for the solubilisation of various poorly soluble pharmaceuticals, and demonstrate a series of attractive properties as drug carriers. Polymeric micelles, such as micelles formed by amphiphilic block copolymers, are of a special interest as they possess high stability both invitro and invivo, and good biocompatibility. Drug-loaded micelles can spontaneously accumulate in body areas with compromised vasculature (tumours, infarcts) via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Micelles made of stimuli-responsive (pH- or temperature-sensitive) amphiphilic block copolymers can release their contents in pathological areas demonstrating hyperthermia or acidosis. Various specific targeting ligand molecules, such as antibodies, can be attached to the micelle surface and bring drug-loaded micelles to, and into, target cells (cancer cells being a primary target). Micelles carrying various repor...
Maturing the sperm: unique mechanisms for modifying integral proteins in the sperm plasma membrane.

Abstract The epididymis has been understudied, in part due to its cancer resistance and the development of effective technologies for sperm injection and in vitro fertilization. However, it is worthy of study because – absent advanced reproductive technology – its proper function is essential for conceiving children: sperm leaving the testis are immature and nonfertile. Epididymal functions can be divided into several general categories (1) concentration of sperm; (2) functional maturation; (3) storage in a quiescent state until ejaculation; (4) removal of degenerating sperm; (5) provision of appropriate conditions for survival; (6) transport by the myoid cells; (7) protection; (8) maintenance of the blood epididymal barrier. In the past decade investigators have focused on those maturational changes of the integral proteins of the sperm plasma membrane which are directly related to sperm–ova interactions. It has traditionally been thought that changes in the sperm plasma membrane proteins were limited to simple binding or removal of proteins or interactions with the proteases, glycosylases and glycotransferases present. However, the epididymis can also release secretory products in bulk through apical blebs and inject integral membrane proteins with epididymosomes which fuse with the plasma membrane. The epididymis also activates and cleaves enzymes present on the sperm surface (e.g., germ cell angiotensin converting enzyme), thus enabling them to modify proteins on the sperm membrane. Aside from the need to understand epididymal function relative to the sperm, basic science on epididymal physiology is warranted because it may help us understand the functioning of androgens, protection of tissues from oxidative damage, and resistance to cancer and benign hyperplasic growth.
The duration of antigen receptor signalling determines CD4 + versus CD8 + T-cell lineage fate

Signals elicited by binding of the T-cell antigen receptor and the CD4/CD8 co-receptor to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules control the generation of CD4+ (helper) or CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells from thymic precursors that initially express both co-receptor proteins. These precursors have unique, clonally distributed T-cell receptors with unpredictable specificity for the self-MHC molecules involved in this differentiation process. However, the mature T cells that emerge express only the CD4 (MHC class II-binding) or CD8 (MHC class I-binding) co-receptor that complements the MHC class-specificity of the T-cell receptor. How this matching of co-receptor-defined lineage and T-cell-receptor specificity is achieved remains unknown, as does whether signalling by the T-cell receptors, co-receptors and/or general cell-fate regulators such as Notch-1 contributes to initial lineage choice, to subsequent differentiation processes or to both. Here we show that the CD4 versus CD8 lineage fate of immature thymocytes is controlled by the co-receptor-influenced duration of initial T-cell receptor-dependent signalling. Notch-1 does not appear to be essential for this fate determination, but it is selectively required for CD8+ T-cell maturation after commitment directed by T-cell receptors. This indicates that the signals constraining CD4 versus CD8 lineage decisions are distinct from those that support subsequent differentiation events such as silencing of co-receptor loci.
White light interferometry for quantitative surface characterization in ion sputtering experiments

Abstract White light interferometry (WLI) can be used to obtain surface morphology information on dimensional scale of millimeters with lateral resolution as good as ∼1 μm and depth resolution down to 1 nm. By performing true three-dimensional imaging of sample surfaces, the WLI technique enables accurate quantitative characterization of the geometry of surface features and compares favorably to scanning electron and atomic force microscopies by avoiding some of their drawbacks. In this paper, results of using the WLI imaging technique to characterize the products of ion sputtering experiments are reported. With a few figures, several example applications of the WLI method are illustrated when used for (i) sputtering yield measurements and time-to-depth conversion, (ii) optimizing ion beam current density profiles, the shapes of sputtered craters, and multiple ion beam superposition and (iii) quantitative characterization of surfaces processed with ions. In particular, for sputter depth profiling experiments of 25Mg, 44Ca and 53Cr ion implants in Si (implantation energy of 1 keV per nucleon), the depth calibration of the measured depth profile curves determined by the WLI method appeared to be self-consistent with TRIM simulations for such projectile-matrix systems. In addition, high depth resolution of the WLI method is demonstrated for a case of a Genesis solar wind Si collector surface processed by gas cluster ion beam: a 12.5 nm layer was removed from the processed surface, while the transition length between the processed and untreated areas was 150 μm.
Absolute determination of electrolytic conductivity for primary standard KCl solutions from 0 to 50°C

An absolute determination of aqueous electrolytic conductivity has been made for primary standards 0.01D and 0.1D (demal) potassium chloride solutions over the temperature range of 0 to 50°C in 5 degree intervals. A cell with a removable center section of accurately known length and area was used for the measurements. Values were adjusted to be in conformity with the ITS-90 temperature scale. The overall uncertainty over the entire temperature range is estimated to be 0.03%. Values at 25°C for 0.01D and 0.1D KCl solutions are 0.0014086 and 0.012852 S-cm−1, respectively.
A mixture theory of electromagnetism and superconductivity

A continuum theory is introduced for mixture of fluids and elastics solids interacting with electromagnetic (E-M) fields and superconductors. Mechanical and E-M balance laws are given for mixtures consisting of N-species. Thermodynamically admissible constitutive equations are obtained for binary mixtures of heat conducting elastic solids and viscous fluids. Species may be regular conductors and/or superconductors. Mixtures of two viscous fluids, a fluid and an elastic solid and two elastic solids are considered. Field equations are given for both the mixtures whose species are subject to distinct E-M fields or to the same E-M fields.
Laboratory Research on Reservoir Adaption of Water Fracturing

Water fracturing is vast applied in low permeability oil-gas filed, and gains extremely economic benefit. But not all low permeability reservoirs are suitable for water fracturing. This paper analyzed the fracture deformation characteristics and closed form in complex stress state, the fracture surface roughness and shear-slip caused the fracture surface couldn’t be completely meshed, there was residual space. Based on the characteristics, the self-support fracture combination and conductivity test method were established. The non-dimensional conductivity as the evaluation index, the water fracturing reservoir screening method was established.
Phytoplankton and zooplankton of the Westport River Estuary, Massachusetts (USA)

Zooplankton and phytoplankton samples were simultaneously collected at approximately biweekly intervals over most of an annual cycle in the Westport River Estuary, Massachusetts. Phytoplankton numbers were overwhelmingly dominated throughout the study by athecate nanoplankton <5 µm in diameter. The zooplankton was primarily composed of copepod nauplii. Periods of occurrence of other zooplankters such as adult copepods, marine cladocerans, meroplankters and ctenophores were similar to those recorded for adjacent estuaries. Our results emphasize the abundance of smaller plankters that have been historically undersampled.
Accurate Mask-To-Wafer Gap Measurements In The EBP Lithography Tool

We describe a new mask-to-wafer gap measurement technique, that has been implemented into the Electron-Beam Proximity Printing (EBP) lithography tool. In the EBP gap-measurement mode the parallel e-beam of 1 mm diameter performs scanning inclination about a perio-dic chip-registration pattern in the mask, resulting in the image of that mask pattern scanning across the wafer surface. Detection of strong scattering or reflection of electrons, when that image overlaps corresponding registration patterns on the wafer surface, reveals the image excursion in the wafer plane, which in turn is an accurate measure for the mask-wafer gap. An accuracy of + 1% for absolute mask-wafer gap data and - more important for application in EBP lithography - an accuracy of + 0.3% for relative mask-wafer gap variations was readily obtained over a gap range 560 μm to 1400 μm.
Algebraic variational method — a quantitative assessment in e±-H scattering

Abstract A quantitative assessment is made of the Harris-Nesbet algebraic variational method. Calculations on e ± -H scattering with a Hylleraas basis provide extremely accurate resonant and non-resonantresults. In particular, definitive D wave phase shifts are obtained.
The Sustainability Development Paradox: Urban Political Economy in the United States and Europe – Edited by Rob Krueger and David Gibbs

The article reviews the book "The Sustainability Development Paradox: Urban Political Economy in the United States and Europe," edited by Rob Krueger and David Gibbs.
Ultra wide-field angiographic characteristics of branch retinal and hemicentral retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose To study the peripheral angiographic features of branch retinal vein occlusions (BRVO) and hemicentral retinal vein occlusions (HRVO) and explore associations with macular edema and neovascularization. Design Retrospective observational case series. Participants Seventy-eight outpatients. Methods An imaging database of angiograms performed at a single academic institution was searched for patients with a diagnosis of BRVO or HRVO. Images were graded for the presence of untreated nonperfusion (areas without evidence of laser photocoagulation), late peripheral vascular leakage (LPVL), neovascularization, macular edema, and prior laser treatment. Optical coherence tomography images were reviewed for all patients to confirm the presence of macular thickening and to exclude eyes with vitreomacular traction. Main Outcome Measures Angiographic evidence of nonperfusion, neovascularization, macular edema, LPVL, and prior laser treatment. Results Angiograms from 80 eyes of 78 patients were analyzed with a diagnosis of BRVO (86%) or HRVO (14%). Angiographic macular edema (80%), untreated nonperfusion (82%), neovascularization (21%), and LPVL (58%) were observed. Untreated nonperfusion at any location was significantly associated with macular edema ( P = 0.043). Untreated nonperfusion anterior to the globe equator was significantly associated with macular edema ( P = 0.007). Untreated nonperfusion was significantly associated with the presence of neovascularization ( P = 0.033). Late peripheral vascular leakage was not associated with other angiographic or clinical findings studied. Conclusions Ultra wide-field angiography provides visualization of peripheral retinal pathology in BRVO and HRVO patients, which may be useful in their evaluation and treatment. Our findings support the hypothesis that areas of untreated retinal nonperfusion may be the source of production of biochemical mediators that promote neovascularization and macular edema. Financial Disclosure(s) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Inactivation of heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase accentuates neutrophil infiltration during acute inflammation in mice

Neutrophil recruitment and extravasation at sites of inflammation provide a mechanism for host defense. We showed previously that heparan sulfate, a type of sulfated glycosaminoglycan, facilitates neutrophil recruitment based on the reduction of neutrophil infiltration in mice in which the overall sulfation of the chains was reduced by selective inactivation of N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase (Ndst1) in endothelial cells. Here we show that inactivation of uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase in endothelial cells (Hs2st), an enzyme that acts downstream from Ndst1, results in enhanced neutrophil recruitment in several models of acute inflammation. Enhanced neutrophil infiltration resulted in part from reduced rolling velocity under flow both in vivo and in vitro, which correlated with stronger binding of neutrophil L-selectin to mutant endothelial cells. Hs2st-deficient endothelial cells also displayed a striking increase in binding of IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2. The enhanced binding of these mediators of neutrophil recruitment resulted from a change in heparan sulfate structure caused by increased N-sulfation and 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine units in response to the decrease in 2-O-sulfation of uronic acid residues. This gain-of-function phenotype provides formidable evidence demonstrating the importance of endothelial heparan sulfate in inflammation and suggests a novel enzyme target for enhancing the innate immune response.
Equilibrium Isotope Effects in Cationic Transition-Metal(I) Ethene Complexes M(C2X4)+ with M = Cu, Ag, Au and X = H, D

Mass spectrometric methods are used to examine the H/D equilibrium isotope effects (EIEs) of cationic M(C2X4)+ complexes (X = H, D) of the coinage metals M = Cu, Ag, and Au. Different experimental ...
Targeting of Diacylglycerol Degradation to M1 Muscarinic Receptors by ß-Arrestins

Seven-transmembrane receptor (7TMR) signaling is transduced by second messengers such as diacylglycerol (DAG) generated in response to the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein Gq and is terminated by receptor desensitization and degradation of the second messengers. We show that β-arrestins coordinate both processes for the Gq-coupled M1 muscarinic receptor. β-Arrestins physically interact with diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), enzymes that degrade DAG. Moreover, β-arrestins are essential for conversion of DAG to phosphatidic acid after agonist stimulation, and this activity requires recruitment of the β-arrestin–DGK complex to activated 7TMRs. The dual function of β-arrestins, limiting production of diacylglycerol (by receptor desensitization) while enhancing its rate of degradation, is analogous to their ability to recruit adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterases to Gs-coupled β2-adrenergic receptors. Thus, β-arrestins can serve similar regulatory functions for disparate classes of 7TMRs through structurally dissimilar enzymes that degrade chemically distinct second messengers.
Evidence that a decrease in opioid tone may evoke preovulatory luteinizing hormone release in the rat.

We have assessed the effects on LH release of prolonged naloxone (NAL) treatment before the critical period on proestrus. When LH secretion was monitored at 5-min intervals immediately after the start of continuous NAL infusion (2 mg/0.6 ml saline · h iv) at 1000 h, two types of responses were observed. In three of six rats, a small increase (1–2 ng rat LHRH-2/ml) during the first hour was followed by a sharp rise to 4–5 ng/ml in the second hour and a gradual return to baseline levels (0.5–1.00 ng/ml) in the third hour of infusion. In the remaining rats, LH responses were small with peak levels reaching 2 ng/ ml range. When the effects were monitored 1 h after starting NAL infusion at 1000 h, the LH response was improved. Peak LH levels observed shortly before or after 1200 h varied between 4–14 ng/ml and in some rats the levels were comparable to those seen normally in the afternoon of proestrus (9–24 ng/ml). However, delaying the start of NAL infusion to 1200 h produced LH surges before 1400 h, with pea...
Syntheses and structures of six compounds in the A2LiMS4 (A=K, Rb, Cs; M=V, Nb, Ta) family

Six new compounds in the A{sub 2}LiMS{sub 4} (A=K, Rb, Cs; M=V, Nb, Ta) family, namely K{sub 2}LiVS{sub 4}, Rb{sub 2}LiVS{sub 4}, Cs{sub 2}LiVS{sub 4}, Rb{sub 2}LiNbS{sub 4}, Cs{sub 2}LiNbS{sub 4}, and Rb{sub 2}LiTaS{sub 4}, have been synthesized by the reactions of the elements in Li{sub 2}S/S/A{sub 2}S{sub 3} (A=K, Rb, Cs) fluxes at 773K. The A and M atoms play a role in the coordination environment of the Li atoms, leading to different crystal structures. Coordination numbers of Li atoms are five in K{sub 2}LiVS{sub 4}, four in A{sub 2}LiVS{sub 4} (A=Rb, Cs) and Cs{sub 2}LiNbS{sub 4}, and both four and five in Rb{sub 2}LiMS{sub 4} (M=Nb, Ta). The A{sub 2}LiVS{sub 4} (A=Rb, Cs) structure comprises one-dimensional chains of {sub {infinity}}{sup 1}[LiVS{sub 4}] tetrahedra. The Rb{sub 2}LiMS{sub 4} (M=Nb, Ta) structure is composed of two-dimensional {sub {infinity}}{sup 2}[LiMS{sub 4}] layers. The Cs{sub 2}LiNbS{sub 4} structure contains one-dimensional {sub {infinity}}{sup 1}[LiNbS{sub 4}] chains that are related to the Rb{sub 2}LiMS{sub 4} layers. The K{sub 2}LiVS{sub 4} structure contains a different kind of {sub {infinity}}{sup 1}[LiVS{sub 4}] layer.
The use of self-efficacy scaling in training student clinicians: Implications for working with stutterers

Abstract A scaling technique developed by Bandura for determining an individual's personal performance expectations (self efficacy) was applied to student clinicians working with stutterers. The self-efficacy scores of clinicians conducting treatment increased significantly while the scores of clinicians without treatment experience showed no significant change. As the student clinicians gained clinical experience there appeared to be a corresponding reduction in fear and avoidance of the treatment situation. Clinician fear concerning stuttering treatment appeared to have little relation to performance in treatment as rated by supervisors. The results indicate that self-efficacy scaling may be used to indicate clinician avoidance of working with stuttering clients.
Transmembrane Potentials of the Normal and Hypothermic Human Heart

Transmembrane cardiac potentials from the human ventricles were recorded in 10 subjects during corrective cardiac surgery under normothermic or hypothermic anesthesia. The amplitude and shape of these transmembrane potentials are compared with simultaneously recorded electrocardiograms, and their relationships are discussed.
The Effects of Group-Level and Individual Contributions on Business Simulation Team Performance

Studies of team performance in business simulations have not investigated the effect of a “star member” of the team on team performance outcomes. This article reports the findings of a study examining the role of team composition variables, team function variables and the effect of a star player on team score in an undergraduate business simulation. As hypothesized, team performance is associated with the performance of a single outstanding player. Among team composition variables, only intrinsic motivation of team members is associated with team score. A composite measure of team function that included team trust, communication and goal clarity was also significantly related to team performance. We discuss the implications of this for team projects and business simulations in particular.
Negative feedback regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion in guinea pigs.

We have investigated whether hormonally mediated negative feedback mechanisms regulate pancreatic exocrine secretion in guinea pigs. In anesthetized guinea pigs prepared with a tube in the proximal duodenum, pyloric ligation, and pancreatic duct cannulation with PE-10 tubing, diversion of pancreatic juice for as long as 4 h in fasting states failed to increase either pancreatic secretion or plasma levels of secretin or cholecystokinin (CCK). In the same animal preparation, intraduodenal (ID) infusion of sodium oleate (SO) resulted in significant increases in both pancreatic secretin and plasma levels of the two hormones that were significantly suppressed by ID infusion of pancreatic juice or a combination of trypsin and chymotrypsin. In another group of guinea pigs, this significant increase in pancreatic secretion was profoundly suppressed by a rabbit antisecretin serum (0.2 ml) or loxiglumide (10 mg.kg-1.h-1). Moreover, a combination of the antiserum and loxiglumide completely abolished the pancreatic secretion. The effect of atropine, 20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 i.v., on SO-stimulated pancreatic secretion and hormone release was also studied. Atropine completely suppressed the pancreatic secretion of volume flow, bicarbonate, and protein stimulated by SO, whereas neither one of the two hormone levels was affected by intravenous atropine, indicating that atropine blocks the actions of both secretin and CCK on the pancreatic exocrine secretion. It is concluded that a negative feedback regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion is operative in the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion in guinea pigs and that this feedback mechanism is mediated by both secretin and CCK. Furthermore, in guinea pigs, cholinergic tone plays an important modulating role in the mechanism.
How We Know It When We See It: Conceptualizing and Assessing Integrative and Applied Learning-in-Use.

We examine the concept of integrative and applied learning from various perspectives, emphasize transfer of that learning to unfamiliar and unimagined settings, and describe crucial metacognitive strategies, including learned abilities used as frameworks for performance, reflection, and self-assessment that foster learning that lasts. We follow with examples of Alverno approaches for assessing these complex capacities across a curriculum.
Subcellular targeting of RGS9-2 is controlled by multiple molecular determinants on its membrane anchor, R7BP.

RGS9-2, a member of the R7 regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) protein family of neuronal RGS, is a critical regulator of G protein signaling. In striatal neurons, RGS9-2 is tightly associated with a novel palmitoylated protein, R7BP (R7 family binding protein). Here we report that R7BP acts to target the localization of RGS9-2 to the plasma membrane. Examination of the subcellular distribution in native striatal neurons revealed that both R7BP and RGS9-2 are almost entirely associated with the neuronal membranes. In addition to the plasma membrane, a large portion of RGS9-2 was found in the neuronal specializations, the postsynaptic densities, where it forms complexes with R7BP and its constitutive partner Gβ5. Using site-directed mutagenesis we found that the molecular determinants that specify the subcellular targeting of RGS9-2·Gβ5·R7BP complex are contained within the 21 C-terminal amino acids of R7BP. This function of the C terminus was found to require the synergistic contributions of its two distinct elements, a polybasic motif and palmitoylated cysteines, which when combined are sufficient for directing the intracellular localization of the constituent protein. In differentiated neurons, the C-terminal targeting motif of R7BP was found to be essential for mediating its postsynaptic localization. In addition to the plasma membrane targeting elements, we identified two functional nuclear localization sequences that can mediate the import of R7BP into the nucleus upon depalmitoylation. These findings provide a mechanism for the subcellular targeting of RGS9-2 in neurons.
Triboelectric charging of lunar regolith simulant

[1] We present an experimental investigation of the triboelectric charging behavior of lunar simulant (JSC-1). Our experimental approach ensures that the JSC-1 particles only make contact to other JSC-1 particles during the charging process (and no other surfaces). The results show that charge segregation occurs such that smaller particles tend to charge negatively and larger particles charge positively. This particle-size-dependent charging follows behavior observed for other single-component granular systems and appears to be universal.
S-phase modulation by irinotecan: pilot studies in advanced solid tumors.

Two studies of irinotecan (CPT-11) followed 24 h later by an antimetabolite were conducted. The objectives of the studies were: (1) to determine whether the increase in S-phase in tumor cells seen 24 h after CPT-11 administration in animal studies is seen in advanced solid tumors in patients, (2) to determine the dose of CPT-11 required to produce this effect, (3) to compare two methods (immunohistochemistry, IHC, for cyclin A, and DNA flow cytometry, FC) for evaluating S-phase in tumor biopsies from patients, and (4) to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of CPT-11, given 24 h before gemcitabine (GEM, 1000 mg/m2). In one study CPT-11 was followed 24 h later by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 400 mg/m2 per week for 4 weeks every 6 weeks. Tumor biopsies were obtained before and 24 h after CPT-11 administration before administration of 5-FU and assayed for S-phase by IHC for cyclin A and by FC. The starting dose of CPT-11 was 80 mg/m2 per week with subsequent exploration of 40 and 60 mg/m2 per week to establish the dose-effect relationship of the increase in tumor cells in S-phase. In the second study, CPT-11 was given 24 h before GEM 1000 mg/m2 per week for 2 weeks every 3 weeks. Doses of 20–80 mg/m2 were explored to establish the MTD and DLT and to study tumor cell S-phase in selected patients. CPT-11 80 mg/m2 produced a mean increase in S-phase by IHC for cyclin A of 137%. Lesser increases were seen with 40 and 60 mg/m2. CPT-11 followed 24 h later by 5-FU 400 mg/m2 per week for 4 weeks was well tolerated. In the study of CPT-11 followed by GEM 1000 mg/m2, 60 mg/m2 of CPT-11 was the MTD.
Corrosion Resistant Coatings for High Temperature Applications

Efforts to increase efficiency of energy conversion devices have required their operation at ever higher temperatures. This will force the substitution of higher-temperature structural ceramics for lower temperature materials, largely metals. Yet, many of these ceramics will require protection from high temperature corrosion caused by combustion gases, atmospheric contaminants, or the operating medium. This paper discusses examples of the initial development of such coatings and materials for potential application in combustion, aluminum smelting, and other harsh environments.
Soil solution and extractable soil nitrogen response to climate change in two boreal forest ecosystems

Several studies show that increases in soil temperature result in higher N mineralization rates in soils. It is, however, unclear if additional N is taken up by the vegetation or accumulates in the soil. To address this question two small, forested catchments in southern Norway were experimentally manipulated by increasing air temperature (+3°C in summer to +5°C in winter) and CO2 concentrations (+200 ppmv) in one catchment (CO2T-T) and soil temperature (+3°C in summer to +5°C in winter) using heating cables in a second catchment (T-T). During the first treatment year, the climate treatments caused significant increases in soil extractable NH4 under Vaccinium in CO2T-T. In the second treatment year extractable NH4 in CO2T-T and NO3 in T-T significantly increased. Soil solution NH4 concentrations did not follow patterns in extractable NH4 but changes in soil NO3 pools were reflected by changes in dissolved NO3. The anomalous behavior of soil solution NH4 compared to NO3 was most likely due to the higher NH4 adsorption capacity of the soil. The data from this study showed that after 2 years of treatment soil inorganic N pools increased indicating that increases in mineralization, as observed in previous studies, exceeded plant demand and leaching losses.
Effect of Rust on the Wettability of Steel by Water

Rust, as formed on steel by immersion of low-carbon steel in water, was found to improve the wettability of steel by water. The advancing contact angle decreased from 87° to 32°, and the receding contact angle decreased from 81° to 29°. Cleansing of steel by acetone also helped improve the wettability, but the advancing angle only decreased from 87° to 73°, and the receding angle only decreased from 81° to 41°.
Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of theA2Δ–X2Π Transition of SiH and SiD

The emission spectra of the A2Delta-X2Pi transition of SiH and SiD have been observed at high resolution using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The molecules were excited in a Si hollow cathode lamp by passing a discharge through a mixture of Ne and a trace of H2 or D2. The present data, combined with the previous infrared vibration-rotation measurements, have been used to determine improved molecular constants for the ground and excited states of SiH and SiD. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
Stepwise Nanopore Evolution in One-Dimensional Nanostructures

We report that established simple lithium (Li) ion battery cycles can be used to produce nanopores inside various useful one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures such as zinc oxide, silicon, and silver nanowires. Moreover, porosities of these 1D nanomaterials can be controlled in a stepwise manner by the number of Li-battery cycles. Subsequent pore characterization at the end of each cycle allows us to obtain detailed snapshots of the distinct pore evolution properties in each material due to their different atomic diffusion rates and types of chemical bonds. Also, this stepwise characterization led us to the first observation of pore size increases during cycling, which can be interpreted as a similar phenomenon to Ostwald ripening in analogous nanoparticle cases. Finally, we take advantage of the unique combination of nanoporosity and 1D materials and demonstrate nanoporous silicon nanowires (poSiNWs) as excellent supercapacitor (SC) electrodes in high power operations compared to existing devices with activ...
Internet based remote camera control system

The intelligent transportation system (ITS) or the intelligent vehicle-highway system (IVHS) concept, as part of the US National Transportation Program, applies real-time data, live video, and wireless communication techniques to improve real-time traffic monitoring, provide integrated control, and support advanced control operations. This paper illustrates a prototype system, Remote Integrated Camera Operation System (RICOS), developed by the Integrated Transportation Management Center (ITMC), Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) and Texas A&M University System, to improve the system efficiency and operational safety.
Determination of the Parameters of a Color Neutral 3D Color Glass Condensate Model

We consider a version of the McLerran-Venugopalan model by Lam and Mahlon where confinement is implemented via colored noise in the infrared. This model does not assume an infinite momentum frame, hence the boosted nuclei are not infinitely thin. Instead, the nuclei have a finite extension in the longitudinal direction and therefore depend on the longitudinal coordinate. In this fully three-dimensional framework an x dependence of the gluon distribution function emerges naturally. In order to fix the parameters of the model, we calculate the gluon distribution function and compare it with the JR09 parametrization of the data. We explore the parameter space of the model to attain a working framework that can be used to calculate the initial conditions in heavy ion collisions.
NOVEL AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS: THE NEW REALITY FOR STREAMS IN CALIFORNIA AND OTHER MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE REGIONS

Temporary streams in California and other Mediterranean climate areas are among the aquatic habitats most altered by human actions and by invasions by alien species. They typically support novel ecosystems, defined as ecosystems dominated by new combinations of organisms in highly altered habitats. Although these new ecosystems have many attributes of the ecosystems they replaced, such as native species, they typically contain many new interactions among species. Managers need to recognize this reality to find ways to direct change towards novel ecosystems with desirable features, including native species. The concept of reconciliation ecology is a practical approach to living with the new reality; it includes actively guiding ecosystem change, as illustrated by Putah Creek, Cosumnes River, Eel River and Six Bit Gulch in California. The first three waterways are all highly altered and managed with varying degrees of success to favour desired aquatic species, whereas Six Bit Gulch experiences such extreme conditions that the original ecosystem is still largely intact. The examples illustrate that most aquatic ecosystems in California are so highly altered that attempting to restore them to an earlier condition or stable state is largely not possible. Where more or less intact systems persist, it is usually because extreme environmental conditions restrict both alien invaders and human use in small watersheds. This pattern appears to be fairly typical of streams in Mediterranean climate areas. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Java tools for teaching OFDM principles in undergraduate courses

In this paper, we describe a new set of software functions and associated exercises that can be used for teaching orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) concepts in undergraduate DSP and communications courses. These tools can be used to simulate, visualize, and analyze the performance and behavior of OFDM systems by considering different input signals and communication channels. OFDM is a compelling paradigm because of its utility in WiFi and LTE. It is also a good demonstration of the use of the FFT in a communication system. We have developed the proposed set of functions as a part of the Java-DSP (J-DSP) visual programming environment. The functions can be used in undergraduate DSP and communications courses, in order to demonstrate to students, the application of DSP concepts in a communication system, as well as concepts such as FIR filter design, properties of the DFT matrix, random signals, and circular effects.
Oxyhemoglobin affinity in the armadillo

Oxygen-hemoglobin affinity curves determined spectrophotometrically at 26± 1° C on phosphate-buffered hemoglobin solutions of 9 armadillos yielded a mean P50 value of 10.1 mm Hg at pH 7.4 and 18.4 mm Hg at pH 6.8. For the 18 curves determined simultaneously at both pH's the mean calculated magnitude of the Bohr effect was ϕ = − 0.43. These values indicate a moderately low P50 (high oxyhemoglobin affinity) and small Bohr effect, consistent with the low metabolic rate of Dasypus novemcinctus. Indicative of increased tolerance to blood acid by-products, a small value would be advantageous to the armadillo in its adaptation to intensive anerobic energy production. A major and a more slowly moving minor hemoglobin fraction was confirmed by vertical starch-gel electrophoresis using borate buffer at pH 8.7 and benzidine staining. Transmission curves on oxyhemoglobin had an α peak at 578 mμ and a β peak at 543 mμ.
Nectin-1 expression in the normal and neoplastic human uterine cervix.

Abstract Context.—Nectin-1 is an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule that is widely expressed in epithelial tissues and participates in the formation of adherens junctions. Reduced expression of nectin-1 has been reported in invasive carcinomas of the human skin. Objective.—To determine the pattern of nectin-1 expression in the normal, dysplastic, and neoplastic human uterine cervix. Design.—This retrospective study was performed using immunohistochemistry of specimens of normal mucosa (n = 18) and preneoplastic and neoplastic conditions of the human uterine cervix including squamous dysplasia and invasive uterine cervical squamous carcinoma (n = 23). All specimens were graded according to intensity of cytoplasmic staining (0 = no staining; 4 = strongest intensity). Results.—Strong widespread cytoplasmic nectin-1 reactivity was found in normal uterine cervical squamous and endocervical mucosa (mean grade = 2.63). In contrast, uterine cervical and endocervical stroma showed minimal to absent staining (me...
An Improved Synthesis of Ethyl Azodicarboxylate and 1,2,4-Triazoline-3,5-Diones Using Hypervalent Iodine Oxidation

Abstract ARSTRACT: Hypervalent iodine oxidstion of 1,2-dicarhethoxy hydrazine (1) and 4-substituted urazoles (3) using iodobenzene diacetate or pentafluoroiodobenzene bis-trifluoroacetate in CH2Cl2 at room temperature proceeds smoothly to yield ethyl azodicarboxylate (2) and 4-substituted 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones (4) in excellent yields.
New Data on the Stratigraphy and Pedology of the Clovis and Plainview Sites, Southern High Plains

The well known Clovis and Plainview archaeological sites of New Mexico and Texas have yielded new data on regional late Quaternary geologic, paleoclimatic, and pedologic histories. Eolian sedimentation at the Clovis site from about 10,000 to less than 8500 yr B.P. was followed by the formation of a cumulic soil between 8500 and 5000 yr B.P. Episodic eolian and slope wash deposition then culminated in massive eolian sedimentation about 5000 yr B.P. after which a Haplustalf formed then was subsequently buried by part of a dune system within the last 1000 yr. At the Plainview site, a basal stream gravel contains Plainview cultural material (ca. 10,000 yr B.P.), which is followed by a localized early Holocene lacustrine deposit, two eolian deposits (the younger dating to about 5000 yr B.P.), and a marsh deposit which slowly accreted as an Argiustoll formed in the younger eolian unit. The data indicate that on the Southern High Plains (1) between 12,000 and 8500 yr B.P. sedimentation varied from site to site, (2) there was a regional climate change toward warming and drying in the early Holocene, (3) two episodes of severe drought apparently occurred in the middle Holocene (6500 to 4500 yr B.P.), (4) between 4500 yr B.P. and the present an essentially modern climate existed, but with several shifts toward aridity within the last 1000 yr, (5) argillic horizons have developed in late Holocene soils, (6) clay illuviation can occur in calcareous soils, and (7) long-distance correlation of Holocene stratigraphy in the region is possible, particularly with the aid of soil morphology.
Does baseline cerebral blood flow affect task-related blood oxygenation level dependent response in schizophrenia?

Abstract Background Experimental changes in resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) affect task-related blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses. Since patients with schizophrenia have been shown to have abnormal resting CBF, we sought to determine whether differences between patients and healthy controls in resting CBF contribute to group differences in BOLD response. Methods BOLD images were acquired in nineteen patients and twenty healthy controls looking at photographs of faces, and resting CBF was measured by arterial spinning labeling. Resting CBF was then used to adjust group differences in task-related BOLD signal increases in linear models. Results Patients had different resting CBF from healthy controls in right basal ganglion and bilateral thalami. Associations between resting CBF and delta BOLD were evident in bilateral prefrontal areas, visual processing areas and right fusiform gyrus. Other areas showed significant three-way interactions among group, delta BOLD and resting CBF. Incorporating resting CBF when modeling group differences in BOLD responses identified areas of group differences in task-related delta BOLD response that were not evident in simple group contrasts. These were in right inferior frontal cortex, left insula, left middle frontal cortex and bilateral frontal poles. Conclusion Adjusting for inter-group differences in resting CBF altered inter-group differences in task-related BOLD response in some areas, suggesting that assessing resting CBF in task-related BOLD studies could increase sensitivity and validity. In multiple regions, the relationship between resting CBF and task-related signal increases in BOLD differed between patients and controls, providing new evidence of possible metabolic and/or vascular pathology.
Generation and homing of iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells in vivo.

Extensive investigations by dozens of laboratories around the world over the past decade have failed to develop a reproducible and reliable way to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are functional both in vivo and in vitro. However, in this issue of Molecular Therapy, Suzuki et al. describe the use of iPSC-derived teratomas as in vivo bioreactors mimicking early embryos for the generation of engraftable HSC-like cells.1 The iPSC-derived HSC-like cells were shown to be present within the teratoma as well as within the bone marrow (BM) of teratoma-bearing mice. The teratoma-derived HSCs could also engraft and repopulate multiple hematopoietic lineages in mice following subsequent transplantation. These findings provide an important breakthrough in the generation of HSCs with in vivo engraftment capability from iPSCs,1,2 arguably the first evidence of in vivo biological function by iPSC-derived progeny cells.
Taking Stock at Mid-Career: Challenges and Opportunities for Faculty.

. Beginning with a series of questions designed to peak reader curiosity and expose key challenges for mid-career faculty, the authors uncover several issues in post-tenure faculty life and work, and they reflect on images for understanding and responding to these challenges. Topics identified include mid-career as an opportunity for deeper investment in one's teaching, challenges associated with competing claims for time, shifts in research that can accompany the transition to mid-career, challenges in dealing with an increasing generational gap between oneself and one's students, responsibilities associated with being a longer-term member of a faculty, and feelings of fatigue and occasional alienation from one's educational institution and/or church.