cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A theoretical analysis of the reaction between hydroxyl and acetylene

Using BAC-MP4 potential-surface parameters and statistical-theoretical methods, we have calculated thermal rate coefficients for the reactions. OH+C2H2→C2H+H2O (a) →HOC2H+H (b) →CH2CO+H (c) →CH3+CO (d) and the high-pressure limit of the addition reaction (k∞) OH+C2H2→C2H2OH. For pressures low enough that collisional stabilization is negligible, we find that reactions (a) and (b) dominate at high temperature, whereas reaction (c) prevails at low temperature, although kc
PROMISE: A Framework for Truthful and Profit Maximizing Spectrum Double Auctions

Auctions provide a platform for licensed spectrum users to trade their underutilized spectrum with unlicensed users. Existing spectrum auctions either do not apply to the scenarios where multiple sellers and buyers both make offers, or assume the knowledge of the users' valuation distribution for maximizing the profit of the auction. To fill this void, we design PROMISE, a framework for spectrum double auctions, which jointly considers spectrum reusability, truthfulness, and profit maximization with- out the distribution knowledge. We propose a novel technique, called cross extraction, to compute the bid representing a group of secondary users, who can share a common channel. We prove that PROMISE is computationally efficient, individual-rational, and truthful. In addition, PROMISE is guaranteed to achieve an approximate profit of the optimal auction.
Introducing the Special Issue on Communication Privacy Management Theory and Family Privacy Regulation

Managing privacy in families is a complex and challenging process. Family members share much information in common, and the decisions they make regarding the use of that information can result in w...
Implementing an educational initiative to promote sleep

reports 70,000 new diagnoses of skin cancer each year (themost frequent cancer in fact). Half of patients hospitalized with principal diagnosis “skin cancer” are 75 years and older. Usually, skin cancers early diagnosed can be cured, 70% are basal cell carcinomas, 20% squamous cell carcinoma, and 10% are melanomas (incidencehas tripledbetween1980and2005,due to sunexposurepractices). Factors of delayed diagnostic have been analyzed by the INCA: elderly widows, inequality in access to dermatologists consultations in France. In addition, general practitioners, that follow high-risk populations such as older people (that often cannot do self survey), recognize there is a lack of formation and not enough time to make a complete skin examination (including scalp, external genital organs and feet). The hospital stay is an opportunity to perform this skin examination during several nursing care. Objectives: Evaluate the feasibility of skin cancer screening by nurses during hospitalization in acute geriatric unit. Methods: Screening of risk factors and suspicious skin lesion (full examination including scalp, external genital organs, feet) has been realized one day in 2013, January. Inclusion criteria were patients hospitalized in 2 acute geriatric units in Caen hospital. Exclusion criteria were outgoing patients, palliative care, and dementia with psychobehavioral troubles. It has been performed by one referent nurse and one professional caregiver in each unit, who have received a brief training based on INCA nurse plug. Results: 32 patients were included in 40 hospitalized patients, mean age 87.2 years (±5), 53% female. Presence of each risk factor and number of cumulative risk factors has been recorded for each patient. Only 2 patients had no risk factor. There weremissing data for 8 patientswith cognitive impairment for «personal or family history ofmelanoma” and “history of sunburn” items; and for 3 of these 8 patients also missing data about “professional UV exposure”. Suspicious skin cancer lesions have been discovered in 3 patients who were addressed to a dermatologist (but 1 canceled because of 2 emergency re-hospitalizations, 1 lost to follow up, 1 suddenly died). Conclusion: ·The prevalence of skin cancer risk factors is high in elderly, for whom a regular screening is needed. In our acute geriatric units, skin cancer screening is not relevant for 1 patient/8 that has severe dementia or is in palliative care. This screening could be realized in other acute medicine units and geriatric rehabilitation centers. Complete skin examination is easy to perform during hospitalization to detect suspicious lesion, so we decided to plan it in routine care. The skin cancer screening is specified to the general practitioner in the hospital report. Further training is planned in June 2014, for our referent nurses and caregivers, and geriatricians. Organization of further dermatological consultation has to be improved. Reference: http://www.e-cancer.fr/depistage/cancers-de-la-peau/ espace-professionnels-de-sante Disclosure of interest: None declared.
The association between length of stay in residential care and educational achievement: Results from 5- and 16-year follow-up studies

article i nfo Length of stay Residential care At-risk youth Out-of-home care Follow-up studies Research on the relationship between length of stay in out-of-home residential care and educational outcomes is scant and has yielded mixed results. This study investigates this issue by examining the relationship between length of stay in family-style residential care and education achievement. Participants belonged to one of two cohorts that were part of a larger follow-up study designed to measure functional post-departure outcomes. Cohort 1 had departed care 5 years earlier whereas cohort 2 had departed 16 years earlier. Findings for both cohorts reveal that longer lengths of stay are predictive of obtaining at least a high school education. Older admission age was also found to be a predictor in the 5 year cohort. Results do not support the notion that longer lengths of stay are counterproductive. On the contrary, these results suggest that longer lengths of stay in quality residential care may benefit not only the youth and their families, but society by reducing the societal cost (e.g., lost wages, crime) when an at-risk youth does not receive sufficient treatment.
Bradford reactive soil protein in Appalachian soils: Distribution and response to incubation, extraction reagent and tannins

Bradford reactive soil protein (BRSP) is thought to correlate to glomalin, an important soil glycoprotein that promotes soil aggregate formation and may represent a significant pool of stable soil organic matter (SOM). However, more information is needed about its importance in Appalachian soils and its relationships with other soil properties. We measured BRSP in 0-20 cm soil from pastures, hayfields, cultivated fields or forest areas in southern West Virginia. Highest amounts of BRSP were found near the soil sur- face and decreased significantly with depth for all land uses except cultivated sites. Forest and pas- ture sites contained more BRSP than hayfields or cultivated fields but these differences occurred only in the 0-5 cm depth. Overall averages of C and N in BRSP represented about 4.0 and 6.5% of the total soil C and N respectively. During a 395 day soil incubation, we found CO2-C evolu- tion rates comparable to other studies but only small changes in BRSP ( < 10%) including some evidence for increases during incubation. Sodium citrate, sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium oxa- late recovered significantly more BRSP from soil than the other extractants we tested with highest extraction efficiencies observed for sodium citrate and pyrophosphate. Recovery of BRSP appears related to negative charge and buffering capacity of both the soil and extractant. Extractants with low negative charge had little buffering capacity and yielded little BRSP. Tannic acid appeared to increase extraction of BRSP but less soluble-N was recovered from tannin-treated samples than from untreated controls and E4/E6, the ratio of absorbance at 465 and 665 nm, decreased, evi- dence for the formation of larger or heavier molecules. Formation of dark-colored substances during extraction suggests the colorimetric Brad- ford assay may overestimate soil protein when tannins are present. Recovery of less soluble-N from soil extracts and lower E4/E6 ratios suggests tannins may bind with soil constituents them- selves or form non-extractable N-containing complexes.
Stream/aquifer interactions at Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Colorado: influences on interdunal wetland disappearance

Abstract Between 1937 and 1995 a complex of more than 100 interdunal wetlands disappeared from Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Colorado. We investigated three hypotheses that could explain wetland disappearance: (1) dune movement during a severe drought in the 1950s buried the wetlands, (2) agriculture related ground water pumping lowered the regional water table, and (3) changes in local hydrologic processes led to wetland loss. We used regional stream flow records, ground water level measurements, natural stable isotope analyses, soil stratigraphy, buried seed banks, and ground water modeling to address these hypotheses. Hydrologic data and stable isotope analyses illustrated the interaction between Sand Creek, a nearby stream, and the unconfined aquifer in the area where wetlands occurred. When the intermittent Sand Creek flows, seepage through its bed creates a large ground water mound under the creek. The seasonal development and dispersion of this mound propagates pressure waves through the aquifer that influence ground water levels up to 2 km from Sand Creek. Our data suggest the primary factors contributing to wetland disappearance were recent climatic fluctuations and incision of the Sand Creek channel. Below average stream flow between 1950 and 1980 reduced the duration of Sand Creek flow across the dune complex, minimizing ground water mound development. Consequently, the water table in the unconfined aquifer dropped ∼1.0 m and interdunal wetlands dried up. Twentieth Century incision of Sand Creek's channel reduced ground water mound height ∼2.5 m, decreasing seasonal water table fluctuations at interdunal wetlands and contributing to the overall water table decline. Long-term wet and dry cycles affect the water table elevation more than channel incision, leading us to conclude that many interdunal wetlands are ephemeral features. Wetland area is maximized during consecutive years of above average Sand Creek discharge and minimized as the water table drops during dry periods.
Alternate functions of viral regulators of cell death

1 Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 2 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 3 The Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 500 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA * Corresponding author: JM Hardwick, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, ES140 Bloomberg Bldg. Johns Hopkins, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Tel: þ 1 410 955 2716; Fax: þ 1 410 955 0105; E-mail: mhardwic@jhsph.edu
A type 2 inequality for functions of bounded variation

Abstract The identity map on the set of functions of bounded variation under the variation norm to the same set under supremum norm is of type 2.
The Speed of Sound Pulses in Pipes

Speed of sound pulses in short tubes placed near a spark source; measured by the photographic method. By a modification of this method, an instantaneous photograph was obtained of a sound pulse, part of which had come through a tube, while another part had come through free air. In this way the effect of short tubes of various sizes was determined when their near ends were from one to five centimeters from the spark. Two photographs are reproduced which show that in some cases the pulse may travel faster through a short tube than in free air, and faster through the smaller of two tubes than through the larger. The speed through a tube was found to depend chiefly on the intensity of the pulse as it entered the tube, and this was true even when the motion of the air as a body was prevented by a thin collodion membrane stretched across one end of the tube. The mean speed was less the longer the tube.Speed of sound in tubes; historical summary with a discussion of the Kirchoff formula and a table of the results obtained by various methods for tubes of various sizes and materials, and for various pitches.
Performance Under Traditional and Mastery Assessment Procedures in Relation to Students' Locus of Control: A Possible Aptitude by Treatment Interaction.

AbstractPrevious research in locus of control suggested the hypothesis that internal subjects should perform better under mastery than under traditional assessment procedures, while the reverse should be true of externals. Two experiments were conducted using undergraduate and graduate subjects. Neither the LC nor the assessment procedure main effects were significant in either study, and no interaction was found with the undergraduates. With graduate subjects there was a significant interaction opposite in direction to expectations. Subjects overwhelmingly preferred the mastery procedures. These results are harmful to the construct validity of the I-E Scale (9) and supportive of the mastery learning approach.
Croatian Views of the Wars of the Yugoslav Succession

Nikica Baric, Srpska pobuna u Hrvatskoj 1990–1995. Zagreb: Golden Marketing-Tehnicka knjiga, 2005, 614 pp., 250 kuna h/b. Mate Granic, Vanjski poslovi. Iza kulisa politike. Zagreb: Algoritam, 2005,...
Cool plasma functionalization of nano-crystalline diamond films

It was demonstrated that an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier glow discharge system is a powerful tool for the surface functionalization of nano-crystalline diamond films. Diamond film functionalization was performed in minutes using plasma discharges generated with fluorine containing gases. The chemical bonds formed between reactive species generated in the plasma and diamond surface were confirmed by FTIR and XPS analysis. Following plasma treatment, XPS analysis revealed a high concentration of F on the diamond surface, nearly 50 atomic percent. FTIR analysis revealed the presence F-bands related to CF3 (CF2) stretching vibrations and symmetric and asymmetric CF2 vibrations. It was concluded that atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier glow discharge is a highly effective means to fluorinate diamond surfaces within a modest time.
Osmotherapy for intracranial hypertension: mannitol versus hypertonic saline.

Purpose of Review: Hyperosmolar therapy is one of the core medical treatments for brain edema and intracranial hypertension, but controversy exists regarding the use of the most common agents, mannitol, and hypertonic saline. This article describes the relative merits and adverse effects of these ag
SECONDARY PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DDT IN GALLERIA LARVAE

Secondary physiological effects of DDT leading to death in Galleria larvae do not follow a constant pattern. At least three courses have been observed: (1) In the usual toxication, muscular activity is continuous until the insect dies of exhaustion. This is confirmed by the evidence that DDT does not hasten death if muscle action is blocked by braconid venom. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is not depleted until after death. (2) DDT-induced hyperactivity predisposes the insect to non-specific “natural” mortality. (3) DDT induces regurgitation. Under special environmental conditions that permit larvae to become covered with regurgitated fluids, they quickly become prostrate. Prostrate larvae show a loss of ATP. With different treatments, prostrate larvae may (a) die with no further activity, (b) become active and follow the usual course of DDT toxication, or (c) dramatically recover from prostration and the effects of DDT. The nature of these events is discussed, but not fully explained. Zusammenfassung Die zum Tode von Galleria-Larvea fuhrenden sekundaren physiologischen Wirkungen von DDT zeigen kein einheitliches Bild. Wenigstens drei Wirkungsarten wurden beobachtet. (1). Bei gewohnlicher Vergiftung fahren die Muskeln fort sich zu bewegen, bis das Insekt vor Erschopfung stirbt. Dies wird dadurch bestatigt, dass DDT den Tod nicht schneller bewirkt, wenn die Muskeln durch den Giftstoff von Braconiden an der Bewegung gehindert werden. Der ATP (Adenosin Triphosphat) Gehalt bleibt nach dem Tode normal. (2). Die von DDT verursachte Hyperaktivitat bewirkt, das das Insekt irgendwelchen “naturlichen” Todesursachen leichter erliegt. (3). DDT verursacht Erbrechen. Unter besonderen Umstanden werden die Insekten, die sich mit erbrochenen Flussigkeiten besudeln, bald gelahmt. Gelahmte Larven zeigen einen Verlust an ATP. Je nach der Behandlung konnen gelahmte Larven a) sterben, ohne sich weiter zu bewegen, b) wieder aktiv werden und den gewohnlichen Verlauf von DDT-Vergiftung zeigen oder c) sich erstaunlicherweise von der Lahmung und den Wirkungen des DDT erholen.
Partial Reactions Catalyzed by Protein Components of the Acetyl-CoA Decarbonylase Synthase Enzyme Complex from Methanosarcina barkeri

In methanogens, the acetyl-CoA decarbonylase synthase (ACDS) complex, which has five different subunits, catalyzes synthesis and cleavage of acetyl-CoA according to the reaction: CO2+ 2H++ 2e-+ CH3-H4SPt + CoA ⇌ acetyl-CoA + H4SPt + H2O, where H4SPt and CH3-H4SPt are tetrahydrosarcinapterin and N5-methyl-tetrahydrosarcinapterin, respectively. We have dissociated the ACDS complex into three protein components by limited proteolytic digestion. Catalysis of acetyl-CoA synthesis was lost in parallel with the loss of the intact β subunit; however, no decrease in activity was detected in any of three partial reactions found to be catalyzed by distinct protein components of the proteolyzed ACDS complex: (a) CO dehydrogenase, catalyzed by the αϵ component, (b) CH3-H4pteridine:cob(I)amide-protein methyltransferase, catalyzed by the intact γ subunit and fragments of the δ subunit, and (c) acetyltransferase, catalyzed by a truncated form of the β subunit. The results indicated that the β subunit is responsible for binding CoA and acetyl-CoA and suggested that acetyl-enzyme formation occurs on the β subunit. A value of 5.5 × [H+]-1M-1 was determined for the equilibrium constant of the following reaction at pH 7.5 and 25°C: CH3-H4SPt + cob(I)amide-protein + H+ ⇌ H4SPt + CH3-cob(III)amide-protein.
Tedisamil and dofetilide-induced torsades de pointes, rate and potassium dependence.

Tedisamil is a bradycardiac agent that prolongs the QT interval of the ECG and prevents cardiac arrhythmias. Given this profile, tedisamil might be expected to have proarrhythmic actions similar to Class III antiarrhythmic drugs. To address this question, the actions of dofetilide and tedisamil were examined in rabbit isolated hearts in which bradycardia was induced by AV ablation. The QT interval was prolonged in a reverse rate-dependent fashion by dofetilide (3 and 30 nM) and tedisamil (0.3 and 3 μM). Torsades de pointes was observed in 1/7 hearts treated with 3 nM dofetilide and 0/7 hearts treated with 0.3 μM tedisamil. The incidence of torsades de pointes was increased to 5/7 in hearts treated with 30 nM dofetilide and to 7/7 in hearts treated with 3 μM tedisamil (both P<0.05 vs control). The actions of 30 nM dofetilide and 3 μM tedisamil were also examined in hearts paced at 50, 100, 200 and 50 beats min−1 successively. Both drugs caused torsades de pointes in 5/5 hearts paced at 50 beats min−1; however, the incidence was reduced to 0/5 during pacing at 200 beats min−1. Thus, drug-induced proarrhythmia was bradycardia-dependent. Drug-induced prolongation of the interval between the peak and end of the T-wave (QTa-e) was reverse rate-dependent and was associated with the occurrence of torsades de pointes (r=0.91, P<0.01). The results suggest that tedisamil, like dofetilide, presents a risk for development of torsades de pointes. British Journal of Pharmacology (2001) 132, 1493–1500; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703967
‘Give’ and take: How dative gi contributed to the decline of ditransitive taki

The Sranan verb taigi ‘say to, tell’ is used when a dative object is identified, but in the 18th and 19th centuries taki ‘say, tell, speak, talk’ served this function. This paper explores the early uses of taki alongside variants taki gi and taki na, which paired the optionally ditransitive verb with an optional dative marker. Working from a corpus of Sranan texts spanning the 18th and 19th centuries, I consider the distributions of the three variants and the distinctive uses of gi and na as dative markers to argue for the eventual triumph and contraction of taki gi, looking to the superstrate and substrate languages for potential models. I submit that taki gi was idiomatized and the string syntactically reanalyzed with the result that gi was reinterpreted as an obligatory, rather than optional, dative marker, and that this reanalysis resulted in the decline of taki as an optionally ditransitive verb.
A procedure for helping prospective elementary teachers integrate the learning cycle into science textbooks

The learning cycle is a sound instructional model that has been shown effective at a variety of grade levels (Weber & Renner, 1972; Purser & Renner, 1983; Saunders & Shepardson, 1987; Stepans et al., 1983). For preservice teachers to success-fully incorporate the use of the learning cycle with textbooks, methods classes should provide a good role model of this approach and ample time for students to practice using this instructional strategy. To accomplish these goals the methods classes should include: (a) opportunities for students to work through elementary science lessons that follow the learning cycle format, (b) experiences for preservice teachers to compare traditional textbook lessons with learning cycle lessons, and (c) practice in developing and evaluating learning cycle lessons.
Pedometer Use Increases Daily Steps and Functional Status in Older Adults

Objective The benefits of increased physical activity in adults of any age are many. It is hypothesized that wearing a pedometer can motivate older adults to increase and sustain a higher level of ambulatory activity and improve measures of functional status. Design A prospective observational walking program using pedometers, goal orientation, and educational materials. Participants were given pedometers with the screen covered to measure baseline steps. The pedometer screen was then uncovered for 4 weeks and participants encouraged to increase daily steps by 5% weekly. The pedometers were removed for 2 weeks and then returned with the screen covered to measure maintenance of activity. Setting Six senior-living facilities in the Saint Louis area. Participants A total of 36 ambulatory adults aged 65 or older. Measurements The primary outcome measurement was average daily steps. Secondary outcomes included scores on the “Timed Up and Go,” Tinetti Gait and Balance Evaluation, functional reach, 2-minute walking distance, 30-second leg-lift repetitions, grip strength, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Quality of Life Scale. Results The average number of daily steps increased from 2992 to 3670 over a 4-week period, a 22.7% increase ( P = .035). The average daily steps were not sustained once the pedometer was removed for 2 weeks. The Timed Up and Go decreased from 12.1 to 11.2 seconds ( P = .014), 30-second leg lifts increased from 22.7 to 26.3 repetitions ( P P = .014) at study completion. No improvement was seen in grip strength, functional reach, GDS, or quality of life. Conclusion Pedometers are a successful motivational tool to increase ambulatory activity in older adults with a secondary benefit in functional status measures.
Kinetic Energy Release in 23-MeV Deuteron Fission of U 238

Average recoil ranges have been measured for six fission products formed by reactions of 23-MeV ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$ with ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$. The ranges of products from near-symmetric fission (${\mathrm{Cd}}^{115}$ and ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{111}$) are longer than for neutron fission of ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$, while the ranges of asymmetric products (${\mathrm{I}}^{131}$, ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{140}$, ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{99}$, and ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{89}$) are shorter. The kinetic-energy deficit for near-symmetry fission is 15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6 MeV smaller for this system than for thermal-neutron fission of ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$. The magnitude of the kinetic-energy deficit for ${\mathrm{U}}^{236}$ fission is re-examined by comparing range data with recent time-of-flight measurements and neutron emission probabilities. This comparison leads to a kinetic-energy deficit of approximately 23 MeV for ${\mathrm{U}}^{236}$ fission.
DEPRESSION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: NURSING CARE AS A GENERALIZED RESISTANCE RESOURCE

Although depression can be a feature of acute psychosis and an aftermath of a psychotic episode (postpsychotic depression), data indicate that depressive syndromes in schizophrenia can be found years after the immediate postacute phase. Researchers acknowledge the clinical importance of recognizing that depressive symptoms are frequently described in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Using the framework of Antonovsky's (1972, 1987, 1992) Sense of Coherence as a guide, this article explores what nurses can do to facilitate development of generalized resistance resources (GRRs) in the physical, psychological, and emotional armamentarium of those diagnosed with schizophrenia, mood disorder not otherwise specified (NOS).
Using a Free Online Citizen-Science Project to Teach Observation & Quantification of Animal Behavior

Climategate. Erroneous links between the measles vaccine and autism. Revised mammogram recommendations. Suspect communication with coma patients. Such cases in the news in the last year are striking because biological knowledge will not help the typical citizen interpret the key issues. One needs to understand instead the nature of science (NOS): Whose expertise can be trusted, especially when experts seem to disagree? What public presentations of scientific findings are credible? How do scientists manage data? How do they communicate with each other? What conditions warrant a change in scientific consensus? How do value judgments relate to verifiable information? How might scientists make ““honest”” mistakes, and how does one detect them? These cases exemplify vividly the educational goal of scientific literacy —— here, to use knowledge about how science works to inform real-life decisions, both personal and public. Knowledge of NOS may be as important as —— if not more important than —— knowledge of content. Approaches to NOS in education harken back to the 1960s, at least (Lederman et al., 1998). By the mid-1990s, amidst various reforms, the characterization of NOS seemed to reduce to a tidy list of 8 to 10 simple concepts (AAAS Project 2061, 1993; McComas, 1996; McComas & Olson, 1998; National Science Teachers Association, 2000; Osborne et al., 2003). For example: science is tentative; scientists are creative; observations are theory-laden; science is affected by its social and cultural milieu (Lederman et al., 2002). The list has become a largely uncontested consensus. Another sacred bovine, perhaps? Here, I review how such tenets inform the cases above, as touchstones. That leads to a simpler, more coherent way to characterize NOS —— one that is also more practical in terms of teaching and evaluating student understanding (for fuller discussion, see Allchin, 2010). One of …
Shifting shadows on the landscape: Reading umbrae in Vergil and other poets

A survey of Vergil’s uses of the word umbra and comparisons with its uses in other Roman poets reveals that Vergil was the first poet to deploy umbra, previously neutral or negative in connotation, with positive associations, and that he may have been the first to coin it as meaning ‘ghost’. Unlike many other poets, Vergil exploits the multivalent potential of umbra, requiring readers to interpret his usage. The fact that all of Vergil’s varied uses of umbra appear in the Culex suggests that it was written by an astute follower who was perceptive to the poet’s nuanced usage of the term.
Reduced body weight and increased postimplantation fetal death in tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-1-deficient mice.

Tyrosine sulfation is mediated by one of two Golgi isoenzymes, called tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPST-1 and TPST-2). A relatively small number of proteins are known to undergo tyrosine sulfation, including certain adhesion molecules, G-protein-coupled receptors, coagulation factors, serpins, extracellular matrix proteins, and hormones. As one approach to explore the role of these enzymes in vivo and how they might interact in biological systems, we have generated TPST-1-deficient mice by targeted disruption of the Tpst1 gene.Tpst1 +/− mice appear normal and, when interbred, yield litters of normal size with a Mendelian genetic distribution and an equal sex distribution.Tpst1 −/− mice appear healthy but have ≈5% lower average body weight than Tpst1 +/+controls. In addition, we show that although fertility ofTpst1 −/− males and females per seis normal, Tpst1 −/− females have significantly smaller litters because of fetal death between 8.5 and 15.5 days postcoitum. These findings suggest that there are proteins involved in regulation of body weight and reproductive physiology, which require tyrosine sulfation for optimal function that are yet to be described. Our findings also strongly support the conclusion that TPST-1 and TPST-2 have distinct biological roles that may reflect differences in their macromolecular substrate specificity.
Fluorescence of trivalent rare earth ions in crystals and the optical detection of their EPR and ENDOR spectra

Abstract This paper describes the changes in the intensity of the Nd3+4G7/2, μ = 3/2a4I11/2 fluorescence at ≈2.0 K in the LaCl3 crystal, which are produced by microwave magnetic resonances of the lowest Kramers doublets of Nd3+ in 4I9/2, 4I13/2, and 4I15/2 states and of Er3+ in the 4I15/2 state and U3+ in the 4I9/2 state in the same crystal.
Monitoring of drug diffusion in ocular tissues

There is increasing interest in determining drug diffusion rates in ocular tissues. In this paper we present results of our pilot investigation of depth-resolved monitoring of water diffusion in rabbit cornea using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) technique. We monitored changes in the local scattering coefficient of rabbit cornea in vitro as water propagated inside the tissue. Tissue hydration and saturation phases were clearly seen. The water diffusion rate was about 1.48-5cm/sec. The experimental results suggest that water diffusion rate in cornea can be potentially measured with the OCT system noninvasively with high precision and accuracy.© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
V1647 Orionis (IRAS 05436?0007) in Outburst: The First Three Months

We report on photometric (BVRIJHK) and low-dispersion spectroscopic observations of V1647 Orionis, the star that drives McNeil's Nebula, between 2004 February 10 and May 7. The star is photometrically variable atop a general decline in brightness of about 0.3–0.4 mag during these 87 days. The spectra are featureless, aside from Hα and the Ca II infrared triplet in emission and a Na II D absorption feature. The Ca II triplet line ratios are typical of young stellar objects. The Hα equivalent width may be modulated on a period of about 60 days. The postoutburst extinction appears to be less than 7 mag. The data are suggestive of an FU Orionis–like event, but further monitoring will be needed to definitively characterize the outburst.
Constrained path quantum Monte Carlo method for fermion ground states

We propose a new quantum Monte Carlo algorithm to compute fermion ground-state properties. The ground state is projected from an initial wave function by a branching random walk in an over-complete basis space of Slater determinants. By constraining the determinants according to a trial wave function $|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{T}〉$, we remove the exponential decay of signal-to-noise ratio characteristic of the sign problem. The method is variational and is exact if $|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{T}〉$ is exact. We report results on the two-dimensional Hubbard model up to size $16\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}16$, for various electron fillings and interaction strengths.
Collembola populations in an organic crop rotation: population dynamics and metabolism after conversion from clover-grass ley to spring barley.

Summary Population dynamics of earthworms, enchytraeids, mites and collembolans were assessed over two years as part of a collaborative research project in an organic crop rotation at the agricultural Research Centre Foulum, Jutland, Denmark. The Collembola study presented here is restricted to the first growth season of a two-year study, i.e from just before conversion of a two year old clover-grass ley to seedbed until harvest of the barley crop. The results refer mostly to the four most abundant species. The project included experimental reductions of earthworm populations to test the effects on interactions between earthworms and mesofauna. Expulsion by electro-shocking resulted in modest reductions in earthworm density and biomass. No significant effect of the reduction was observed on the collembolan populations. Total collembolan density and density, mean weight per specimen, biomass and population metabolism of the four most abundant species decreased markedly between the first and second sampling date as an effect of the mechanical disturbance, and inversion of soil layers caused by soil preparation. The depth distribution for all Collembola species was inverted from highest concentration in the 0–10 cm layer to highest concentration in the 10–20 cm soil layer. After a population minimum in May, the density, mean weight, biomass and metabolism increased more or less regularly according to species. The net loss of biomass after conversion implied a mobilization of 5 mg N.m−2 from dead collembolan tissues. Together with an estimate for nitrogen due to excretion, the contribution of Collembola to nitrogen mobilization through the growth season was estimated tentatively as 10 mg.m−2. This amount was negligible compared with the contribution of earthworms. The possibility that indirect catalytic effects of collembolan activity could have any significant effect on nutrient availability for plants was not resolved but the collembolan population metabolism showed no obvious synchrony with the nutrient requirements of the crop.
Making Health Care More Accessible to Rural Communities in Waslala, Nicaragua Using Low-Cost Telecommunications

In rural Nicaragua, access to health care professionals and medical facilities is limited. Minimally trained community health workers (CHWs) and understaffed clinical outposts serve rural communities. Rural residents rarely see a doctor except in emergencies. This can lead to situations where treatable medical condition can become life threatening. The goal of our project is to preempt such situations through: better training of CHWs, using cellular short messages (SMS) to encode and transmit basic health information such as vital signs and health symptoms to a monitoring computer, algorithms on the monitoring computer to recognize emergent conditions, system generated notification informing the community health worker of the appropriate response related to the inputted vital signs and symptoms and storage of medical histories for future use. An important consideration is to make the project entirely self-sustainable through entrepreneurial means and to impart enough knowledge base to the participants to preserve the momentum even as the initial promoters' active involvement gradually ceases.
Modeling hospital length of stay by Coxian phase‐type regression with heterogeneity

Hospital length of stay (LOS) is an important measure of healthcare utilization and is generally positively skewed and heterogeneous. We fit a Coxian phase-type distribution to LOS and identify the hidden states of the underlying latent homogeneous Markov model. We demonstrate that selecting an appropriate number of phases and a regression model for hazard rates can account for some heterogeneity in LOS. Reversible jump MCMC method enables us to dynamically uncover the hidden stochastic Markov structure. A classification method is used to assign patients to different LOS groups. The methodology is illustrated with application to hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction in the 2003 Nationwide Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Utilization Project. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hofmeister ion effects on the solvation and thermal stability of model proteins lysozyme and myoglobin

Abstract Circular dichroism (CD) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopies were used to study how sucrose and salts, NaCl, NaClO4, Na2SO4, CaCl2, MgCl2, MgSO4, and NH4Cl alter lysozyme and myoglobin solvation and thermal stability. Both proteins follow the anionic Hofmeister series in which chaotropes (Cl−, ClO4−) decrease thermal stability, and kosmotropes (SO42−) increase thermal stability. CD spectra showed no significant secondary structural differences at 25 °C that correlate with changes in thermal stability. However, infrared spectra of lysozyme and myoglobin show a downshift in the Amide I′ (backbone C O) vibration and increased 1H/2H exchange in the presence of weakly hydrated, chaotropic anions (Cl−, ClO4−), both of which suggest increased protein solvation in the presence of chaotropes and correlate with decreased protein thermal stability. The presence of strongly hydrated, kosmotropic anions (SO42−) or sucrose prevent the downshift of the Amide I′ vibration in lysozyme and myoglobin and result in decreased 1H/2H exchange, suggesting decreased protein solvation in the presence of kosmotropes, that correlates with increased protein stability. The data show a strong correlation between the level of deuterium exchange and the relative thermal stability in the presence of kosmotropes or chaotropes that does not correlate with secondary structural changes and suggests that Hofmeister ions alter protein solvation. These results also show that a combination of CD and infrared spectroscopy is useful in studying how Hofmeister ions and co-solvents influence protein solvation and thermal stability.
Engineering and economic evaluation of gas recovery and utilization technologies at selected US mines

Abstract Methane liberated in underground coal mines is a severe safety hazard to miners. It is also a major contributor to the build-up of greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere. This report presents an engineering and economic evaluation of several methane recovery and end-use technologies which can remove, purify, and utilize methane from coal seams. The methane recovery technologies evaluated are widely applicable to US underground mines, and include conventional systems such as vertical extraction wells, gob area wells, horizontal boreholes, and cross-measure boreholes. More advanced and developmental technologies, such as the nitrogen injection process, have also been examined. Methane utilization technologies examined include the use of gas turbines for the generation of on-site power, compression and transport systems needed to sell the gas to a national distributor, and the generation of electrical power for off-site sale. The applicability and performance of each technology were assessed at nine representative coal mine sites, and the economic and emissions reduction performance between existing and alternative recovery operations were examined.
High resolution measurement of sodium fluorescein distribution in doped live corneal tissue

Two-photon fluorescence was used for the first time to measure sodium fluorescein distribution in live corneal tissue. The diffusion depth was determined to be 350 µm under study conditions with 11µm axial resolution.
Cell-free stimulation of the insulin-sensitive cAMP phosphodiesterase by the joint actions of ATP and the soluble fraction from insulin-treated rat liver.

Abstract The insulin-sensitive cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) from rat adipocytes was stimulated 60–70% upon incubation with 2 mM ATP and the soluble fraction (Fraction S-1) from insulin-treated rat liver. The effect of ATP was partially mimicked by ATP-γ-S or GTP, but not by AMP-PNP. The PDE-stimulating activity in Fraction S-1 was preserved in the presence of 50 mM sodium phenyl phosphate, 50 mM sodium fluoride, and 0.1 mM sodium vanadate. The PDE-stimulating activity was not inhibited with either 0.5 mM H-7 or 5 μM PKI-(5–24)-peptide, but was blocked with 1 mM Kemptide. The active component in Fraction S-1 may be a phosphorylated compound, which, in the presence of ATP, may mediate the hormonal action on PDE.
Inflammatory cell participation in coagulation

Vascular cells, and leukocytes in particular, have evolved a formidable machinery to initiate and amplify coagulation. Through multiple, receptor-mediated recognitions this process provides a cellular microenvironment of limited proteolytic activation that contributes to the maintenance of the hemostatic balance in vivo. However, the ability of leukocytes to generate thrombin is also a fundamental aspect of inflammatory responses, and has far-reaching implications in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. The scope of this article is to revisit the most recent contributions to the cellular and molecular mechanisms of leukocyte-mediated coagulation, and to highlight their role in the pathogenesis of vascular injury.
Stepping Mechanisms of Myosin Va on Various Actin Cytoskeleton Structures

Myosin Va plays a central role in intracellular polarized transport through its actin-based processivity. Cargo transport by myosin Va has been intensively investigated. However, it is not known yet whether a myosin Va molecule moves over all the types of actin filaments in cells. To examine the effects of different types of actin filaments on myosin Va's processivity, we have used actin cytoskeleton structure in cells that were de-membraned by triton treatment. We then observed the movement behavior of single myosin Va molecules on these different areas of actin filaments which include stress fibers, filopodia, leading edges, and lamellipodia. The run-length, direction of step and step-size of myosin Va, at each region of cytoskeletal actin were measured.We found that myosin Va molecules moved well on stress fibers (run-length: 1.8 ± 0.35 μm), leading edge (run-length: 2.1 ± 0.43 μm), and filopodia (run-length: 1.6 ± 0.21 μm), but not at lamellipodia area (run-length: 0.54 ± 0.35 μm). The step-size of myosin Va molecule was 35.2 ± 8.2 nm at the stress fiber area, while it exhibited two peaks (Major peak: 34.6 ± 9.1nm, and Minor peak: 18.5 ± 5.5 nm) on filopodia. On the actin filaments at the leading edge, the distribution of myosin Va step-size was larger than others (35.5 ± 16.2 nm), suggesting that the myosin Va may take side-steps on actin filaments at the leading edges. We further investigate the movement and mechanism of myosin Va on a restricted subset of actin filaments.
Effects of Vouchers: Another Look at the Florida Data.

This report re-analyzes test score data from Florida public schools. In response to a recent report from the Manhattan Institute, it offers a different perspective and an alternative explanation for the pattern of test score improvements among low scoring schools in Florida.
The in vivo but not the in vitro am3 revertant frequencies increase linearly with increased ethylnitrosourea doses in spleen of mice transgenic for phiX174 am3, cs70 using the single burst assay.

Abstract The am3 revertant frequencies (RF) in spleens from male mice transgenic for phiX174 am3 , cs70 were analyzed 14 weeks after ethylnitrosourea (ENU) treatment, both by the single burst assay (SBA) [1] and the mixed burst assay (MBA). The mean in vivo (burst size >30/assay plate) revertant frequency (MRF) for the vehicle control was 2.6×10 −7 . The ENU induced in vivo RF were linear over the dose range 0–150 mg/kg, ( r 2 =0.999). The concomitant in (burst size ≤30/assay plate) was independent of dose ( r 2 =0.216). The only viable revertants are base pair substitutions of the center base pair in the am3 nonsense (TAG) codon in the phiX174 lysis E gene. Sequenced revertants chosen randomly from in vitro plates and in vivo untreated control plates were A→G transitions. Sequence analysis of in vivo revertants from ENU treated animals revealed revertants that were 17% A→G transitions and 83% A→T transversions, the latter being consistent with the reported A:T base pair alterations induced by ENU. No A→C transitions were seen. This suggests the occurrence of an ENU-induced O 2 ET-dT lesion leading to a dT base mismatch. The observations in this report both confirm and validate the use of the SBA for distinguishing between in vivo mutations that are fixed in the animal and in vitro mutations that arise from other sources. The ability of the SBA to distinguish the in vivo from the in vitro origin of mutations has increased the specificity, sensitivity and utility of the phiX transgenic system.
Does Core Size Matter in the Kinetics of Ligand Exchanges of Monolayer-Protected Au Clusters?

This paper compares the kinetics of exchanges of phenylethanethiolate ligands (PhC2S−) of the monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) Au38(SC2Ph)24 and Au140(SC2Ph)53 with p-substituted arylthiols (p-X−PhSH), where X = NO2, Br, CH3, OCH3, and OH. First-order rate constants at 293 K for exchange of the first ca. 25% of the ligands on the molecule-like Au38(SC2Ph)24 MPC, measured using 1H NMR, vary linearly with the in-coming arythiol concentration; ligand exchange is an overall second-order reaction. Remarkably, the second-order rate constants for ligand exchange on Au38(SC2Ph)24 are very close to those of corresponding exchange reactions on the larger nanoparticle Au140(SC2Ph)53 MPCs. These are the first results that quantitatively show that the chemical reactivity of different sized nanocrystals is almost independent of size; presumably, this is because the locus of the initial ligand exchanges is a common kind of site, thought to be the nanocrystal vertexes. The rates of later stages of exchange (beyond ca....
The Effects of Single Parenthood on School Achievement in a Gifted Population

The most obvious social trend affecting families during the past three decades has been the steadily rising number of single-parent households. Research indicates that students from single-parent f...
Effects of a school-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for ADHD children.

Two variations of school-based cognitive-behavioral training (CBT) program were compared to each other and to a waiting-list control condition in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The experimental interventions included a multicomponent condition that provided coordinated training programs for parents, teachers, and children and a teacher-only condition that offered training for classroom teachers only. Evaluation of outcome occurred at pre-intervention, post-intervention and at 6-week followup periods. Depedent measures included classroom behavior observations, teacher ratings of child behavior, child self-report, and teacher ratings of adjustment. The multicomponent CBT condition was significantly better than the other conditions at improving observed off-task/disruptive behavior at post-test. This improvement was maintained at followup, although treatment condition differences were no longer significant. There were no treatment condition differences on any other measures at postintervention or followup. It was concluded that the intervention had minimal short-term effects on the ADHD children. The results are discussed within the context of several methodological limitations of the study which serve as proposals for continued research in this area.