cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of an interchain disulfide bond on tropomyosin structure: intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism studies.

Abstract An interchain disulfide crosslink was introduced into rabbit skeletal tropomyosin (TM) at Cys190 by two different methods under non-denaturing conditions. The effects of the crosslink on the structure of tropomyosin were investigated by fluorescence and circular dichroism methods as a function of temperature and guanidine · hydrochloride concentration. Four different preparations were studied: Nbs 2 -TM, red-TM crosslinked with Ellman's reagent, 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate); O 2 -TM, TM whose SH groups were air-oxidized; red-TM, TM reduced with dithiothreitol; IA-TM, red-TM whose SH groups were blocked with iodoacetamide. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies indicated that SS crosslinks were quantitatively introduced between the subunits of TM for Nbs 2 -TM and O 2 -TM. In the completely folded state (below 25 °C or in the absence of denaturant) and in the unfolded state (above 65 °C or greater than 4 m -guanidine · hydrochloride) all of the samples had the same Tyr fluorescence quantum yield, accessibility to acrylamide fluorescence quenching, fluorescence polarization and mean residue rotation at 222 nm. Thermal and denaturant-induced unfolding profiles at pH 7.5 were obtained for each sample with measurements of these parameters. The main transition at about 45 °C or 2 m -guanidine · hydrochloride was shifted about +7 deg. C and 0.8 m in guanidine · hydrochloride, respectively, for the crosslinked samples as compared to the uncrosslinked samples. In addition, a destabilizing pretransition was observed in the 30 to 45 °C region or the 0 to 2 m -guanidine · hydrochloride region only for the crosslinked samples when polarization or ellipticity was measured. Studies of the ability of Nbs 2 to crosslink red-TM as a function of guanidine · hydrochloride concentration indicated that the chains separate at Cys190 between 0 and 2 m -guanidine · hydrochloride before they dissociate. Thus, the effect of the SS crosslink at Cys190 on the conformation of TM at physiological temperatures appears to be related to the inherent instability of the molecule in this region of the sequence.
The effects of various amendments on the biostimulation of perchlorate reduction in laboratory microcosm and flowthrough soil columns

Abstract Perchlorate ( ClO 4 - ) is a contaminant of concern in groundwater and drinking water. In the presence of a suitable electron donor, perchlorate can be reduced to non-toxic chloride via either biotic or abiotic mechanisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate a variety of amendments (Emulsified Oil Substrate (EOS®598), EHC® and a compost/mulch mixture) and supplemental nutrients to stimulate in situ perchlorate bioremediation. Both laboratory microcosm and column experiments were conducted with groundwater from a contaminated site that had an initial perchlorate concentration of about 500 μg/L. Complete perchlorate removal was observed within 5–12 days in all the microcosms. The addition of 1 g/L (NH4)2HPO4 as nutrient increased the reduction rate of perchlorate in EOS and compost/mulch microcosms, but had no effect in the EHC amended microcosms. Two different flowthrough experiments were conducted. Phase 1 used two parallel columns packed with EOS-amended compost/mulch/gravel media and EHC-amended compost/mulch/gravel media, while in Phase 2, a series of varying length columns ranging from 0.15 m to 0.60 m were packed with EOS-amended soil and EHC-amended soil. No perchlorate was detected in the effluent of both EOS- and EHC-amended compost/mulch/gravel columns after 20 days. In Phase 2, no significant treatment difference was observed between the EOS- and EHC-amended soil columns. Complete perchlorate removal was observed after 6 to 11 days in all different length columns when they were operated at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.15 m3/m2-d. Perchlorate removal was completely lost in all the columns when the hydraulic loading rate was increased to 0.60 m3/m2-d. Nitrate competed with perchlorate for electrons, and was a preferred acceptor over perchlorate. Overall, based on the results of this study, the two commercial amendments can be considered as effective means for perchlorate bioremediation, although EHC had a shorter period of effectiveness.
Inactivation of 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine by a plasma acetylhydrolase: higher activities in hypertensive rats.

Abstract We have partially characterized the properties of a specific acetylhydrolase in plasma from spontaneous hypertensive rats. This enzyme inactivates 1-alkyl-2-acetyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (a lipid involved in platelet aggregating, hypotensive, and allergic responses) by removal of the acetate group. The extent of acetate hydrolysis was linear with both time and protein concentration, and the enzyme had an apparent Km of 2.5 μM and a Vmax of 2.6 nmol/min/mg protein. As with an intracellular acetylhydrolase previously characterized by us, the plasma activity was not affected by addition of phosphatidylcholine, EDTA, or Ca2+. However, in contrast to the acetylhydrolase activity in the rat kidney soluble fraction, the plasma activity was associated with a higher molecular weight protein resolved on a Sepharose 6B column and the plasma acetylhydrolase was not inhibited by treatment with trypsin, pronase, or subtilisin. We also compared the acetylhydrolase activity in plasma of age-matched spontaneous hypertensive rats and their normotensive controls, and found approximately 20% higher levels of activity in plasma from the hypertensive animals ( P
Social Support Resources and Post-Acute Recovery for Older Adults with Major Depression

This study assessed the relationships between older patients' social support resources and depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning at 6 months following a psychiatric hospital discharge. The data used in this study were extracted from a prospective study titled "Service Use of Depressed Elders after Acute Care" (National Institute of Mental Health-56208). This sample included 148 older patients who participated in the initial and the 6-month follow-up assessment. Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) was used to examine important social support resources in relation to older patients' depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning. A vast majority of patients were embedded in a social support network that consisted of acquaintances and confidants. Patients' depressive symptoms were related to availability of a confidant and the extent to which they spent time with others. However, patients' psychosocial functioning was not related to social support resources assessed in this study.
Susceptibilities of the vanadium Magneli phases V/sub n/O/sub 2n/-1 at low temperature

The magnetic susceptibilities of the insulating Magn\'eli phases ${\mathrm{V}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$, ${\mathrm{V}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, ${\mathrm{V}}_{6}$${\mathrm{O}}_{11}$, and ${\mathrm{V}}_{8}$${\mathrm{O}}_{15}$ have been measured at low temperatures. Due to a short-range-order effect ${\mathrm{V}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ exhibits a broad maximum at 125 K, which is substantially higher than the N\'eel temperature, 76 K, of this compound. For ${\mathrm{V}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ and ${\mathrm{V}}_{6}$${\mathrm{O}}_{11}$ the difference between the N\'eel temperature and the temperature of the maximum in the susceptibility is small. This excludes the possibility that a linear-chain model discussed by Khattak et al. can explain the specific heat of these two compounds. The temperature derivative of the susceptibility for these two compounds has a maximum at the N\'eel temperature which corresponds to Fisher's relation. The susceptibility for ${\mathrm{V}}_{8}$${\mathrm{O}}_{15}$ is nearly constant between 5.6 and 68 K, and depends on past history below 5.6 K, i.e., whether the sample is being cooled or heated. However this temperature hysteresis is sample dependent. These experimental data cannot be accounted for by an ordinary antiferromagnetic transition in the insulating state and suggest another type of transition. The possibility of the existence of a mixed charge-density and spin-density wave is discussed, since this can explain qualitatively the experimental features found for ${\mathrm{V}}_{8}$${\mathrm{O}}_{15}$.
A discrete stage-structured two-species competition model with sexual and clonal reproduction

In this paper, we analyse a discrete stage-structured model which is a generalization of the two-species competition model studied in [2]. Motivated by plant populations, each species is assumed to reproduce both sexually and clonally. We show that this model has a dynamical behaviour that is similar to that of the classical continuous two-dimensional Lotka–Volterra model under weak nonlinearities of the Beverton–Holt type. By allowing the species to have different competition efficiencies, we show that it is possible to obtain different dynamics including coexistence, bistability and competitive exclusion, in contrast with the model studied in [2], which exhibits only competitive exclusion behaviour.
Hydraulic Design Example—Canal and Pipeline Inlet

An example of a hydraulic design project is presented. This design project is intended for a “third year” course in hydraulics, which is the first hydraulics course after the introductory course in fluid mechanics. Students are required to combine canal segments, inlet and outlet structures, gates, and flow measurement structure into a canal system. Students work in groups to complete the design calculations, plans, and oral and written reports.
Neptune's cloud and haze variations 1994-2008 from 500 HST-WFPC2 images

Abstract The analysis of all suitable images taken of Neptune with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope between 1994 and 2008 revealed the following results. The activity of discrete cloud features located near Neptune’s tropopause remained roughly constant within each year but changed significantly on the time scale of ∼5 years. Discrete clouds covered 1% of the disk on average, but more than 2% in 2002. The other ∼99% of the disk probed Neptune’s hazes at lower altitudes. At red and near-infrared wavelengths, two dark bands around −70° and 10° latitude were perfectly steady and originated in the upper two scale heights of the troposphere, either by decreased haze opacity or by an increased methane relative humidity. At blue wavelengths, a dark band between −60° and −30° latitude was most obvious during the early years, caused by dark aerosols below the 3-bar level with single scattering albedos reduced by ∼0.04, and this contrast was constant between 410 and 630 nm wavelength. The dark band decayed exponentially with a time constant of 5 ± 1 years, which can be explained by settling of the dark aerosols at a rate of 1 bar pressure difference per year. The other latitudes brightened with the same time constant but lower amplitudes. The only exception was a darkening event in the 15–30° latitude region between 1994 and 1996, which coincides with two dark spots observed in the same region during the same time period, the only dark spots seen since Voyager. The dark aerosols had a similar latitudinal distribution as the discrete clouds near the tropopause, although both were separated by four scale heights. Photometric analysis revealed a phase coefficient of 0.0028 ± 0.0010 mag/deg for the 0–2° phase-angle range observable from Earth. Neptune’s sub-Earth latitude varied by less than 3° throughout the observation period providing a data set with almost constant viewing geometry. The trends observed up to 2008 continued into 2010 based on images taken with the Wide Field Camera 3.
ASIAS: Aviation Safety Information Analysis and sharing

In the past decade the concept of establishing a nationwide safety information sharing initiative has grown from a dream into reality. From roots dating back to the TWA 514 NTSB report in 1974, it has become increasingly clear that safety data sharing is a necessary component of the overall plan to manage safety at the national level. Building from these roots, in 2007 the FAA created the aviation safety information analysis system, which has quickly achieved the acceptance and support of every segment of the aviation community. In the short period since its inception, ASIAS has incorporated scores of safety-related databases, and is developing expertise in connecting the disparate parts of this collection to enable the generation of coherent and meaningful analyses of the "safety state" of the entire national airspace system. These data sources include maintenance safety reports, radar data from enroute facilities, ASDE-X radar data, enforcement investigations, runway incursion data, wildlife incursion and strike data ... the list of sources is extensive, and growing. Also included are the critically important and very sensitive safety reports generated by operators' ASAP and FOQA programs. ASAP reports contain safety information disclosed in voluntary self- reporting by front-line employees such as pilots, flight attendants, mechanics and dispatchers. FOQA contains objective flight data collected by the participant airlines' flight data systems aboard the aircraft they operate. In addition, ASIAS expects to soon incorporate employee self reports from air traffic controllers submitted under their own new ASAP program. This presentation is intended to provide the information necessary for the attendees to understand the background, history and challenges of safety data sharing. In addition, plans for the evolution of ASIAS will be presented.
Water relationships in the ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis during larval diapause

. Final instar larvae of the ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis overwinter in diapause within the puparium of the host fly. Wasp larvae that are in diapause have a different set of water relations than larvae that are not in diapause. Diapausing larvae contain less water, lose water at a lower rate, and have the capacity to absorb water vapour. Water conservation in larvae of N. vitripennis is also enhanced considerably by the puparium of its fly host.
The typology of metabolic syndrome in the transition to adulthood.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of risks associated with cardiometabolic disease in adults. Obesity is considered the major etiologic factor. However, unlike obesity, the natural history of MetS as adolescents transition to adulthood is unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the typology of MetS as adolescents transition to young adulthood and to explore determinants of that typology. Design/Participants: A total of 458 participants from a school-based longitudinal cohort study of baseline 5th to 12th graders were followed for 9 years. Methods: Based on the presence or absence of MetS at study visits (year [Y] 1, Y4, Y8, and Y10), a MetS typology was defined, and its characteristics were explored using multinomial regression modeling. Results: Both obesity and MetS increased (obesity from 21.0% to 33.4% and MetS from 2.8% to 17.9%). MetS typology was as follows: never, 76.9%; incident, 16.4%; unstable/remitted, 5.7%; and persistent, 1.1%. Of Y1 MetS-positiv...
Heat capacity of mixtures of – confined to coupled boxes

Abstract We have measured the heat capacity of helium mixtures confined to lithographically created cylindrical boxes whose height, 1.08 μm , equals their diameter. The specific heat at constant concentration x, C px , is renormalized due to the 3 He impurity. Thus, in order to observe critical behavior, a conversion must be made to a specific heat at constant φ=μ 3 −μ 4 , C pφ . The confined system's specific heat, near it's maximum, has values which rise above the bulk system's specific heat at the same temperature. This is unexpected and is true for both Cpx and Cpφ. This enhancement, not observed with pure 4 He , becomes more dramatic as x and the correlation length increase. The shift of the maximum with x is much larger for the boxes than for 2D confined mixtures. These observations might be related to a “band structure” effect associated with the 18.5 nm channels which connect the cylinders.
Interface engineering in silicon semiconductor processing using a vacuum cluster tool

Abstract Some general aspects of clustered processing will be discussed: the surface adsorption of background impurities and the nucleation of Chemical Vapor Deposition films on silicon and silicon dioxide surfaces. Three applications of HF vapor etching clustered with hot wall batch type LPCVD and Oxidation reactors will be presented. In stacked Nitride / Oxide films for capacitor dielectrics, the presence of native oxide on the silicon surface strongly influences the nucleation and properties of the nitride film. In poly-emitter and poly-contact structures, the amount of interfacial oxide directly influences the performance of the device. For poly-gate structures, control of the silicon / silicon oxide interface morphology and control of particle and metallic contamination is vital.
Determination of Uric Acid in Canine Serum and Urine By High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Summary A reproducible high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for analysis of uric acid in canine serum and urine. The method consists of precipitating serum proteins with phosphotungstic acid prior to HPLC analysis. Urine is analyzed after dilution with buffer. Chromatography is performed on a reversed-phase C-18 column with UV detection at 292 nm. Sensitivity of the method will allow reproducible measurement of uric acid at concentrations of 0.05 mg/dl in serum and 0.1 mg/dl in urine. The HPLC method has been used to quantify hundreds of canine serum and urine samples. The method is superior to UV absorption or colorimetric methods because its lower limit of detection allows measurement of uric acid at concentrations found in canine serum and urine.
Angles on creativity

Geometrical Investigations Illustrating the Art of Discovery in the Mathematical Field. By John Pottage. Addison-Wesley: 1983. Pp.480. 35.95, 26.95.
Complexity and Approximations for Multimessage Multicasting

We consider multimessage multicasting over thenprocessor complete (or fully connected) static network (MMC). First we present a linear time algorithm that constructs for every degreedproblem instance a communication schedule with total communication time at mostd2, wheredis the maximum number of messages that each processor may send or receive. Then we present degreedproblem instances such that all their communication schedules have total communication time at leastd2. We observe that our lower bound applies when the fan-out (maximum number of processors receiving any given message) is huge, and thus the number of processors is also huge. Since this environment is not likely to arise in the near future, we turn our attention to the study of important subproblems that are likely to arise in practice. We show that when each message has fan-outk=1 theMMCproblem corresponds to the makespan openshop preemptive scheduling problem which can be solved in polynomial time and show that fork?2 our problem is NP-complete and remains NP-complete even when forwarding is allowed. We present an algorithm to generate a communication schedule with total communication time 2d?1 for any degreedproblem instance with fan-outk=2. Our main result is anO(q·d·e) time algorithm, wheree?nd(the input length), with an approximation bound ofqd+k1/q(d?1), for any integerqsuch thatkq?2. Our algorithms are centralized and require all the communication information ahead of time. Applications where all of this information is readily available include iterative algorithms for solving linear equations, and most dynamic programming procedures. The Meiko CS-2 machine and computer systems with processors communicating via dynamic permutation networks whose basic switches can act as data replicators (e.g.,nbynBenes network with 2 by 2 switches that can also act as data replicators) will also benefit from our results at the expense of doubling the number of communication phases.
Effects of High-Protein “Finishing” Feeds on Performance and Fat Content of Channel Catfish

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using high-protein “finishing” feeds on production and fat content of channel catfish. Fish were fed either: a 32% protein feed for 150 days; a 28% protein feed for 150 days; a 28% protein feed for 90 days and then a 38% protein feed for 60 days; a 28% protein feed for 90 days and then a 35% protein feed for 60 days; a 28% protein feed for 120 days and then a 38% protein feed for 30 days; or a 28% protein feed for 120 days and then a 35% protein feed for 30 days. The study was conducted in earthen ponds stocked with channel catfish at a rate of 14,826 fish/ha (35 g initial weight) and fed once daily to satiation. There were no significant differences in either feed consumption, weight gain, final weight, feed conversion ratio, survival, or percentage visceral fat of catfish regardless of treatment. Fillets from fish fed the 28% protein feed for 150 days contained more fat than fish on other treatments. There was no advantage of finishing channel catfish on high-protein diets as compared to feeding either a 28 or 32% protein feed for the entire grow-out period.
Swelling Properties of Synthetic Alkali Silica Gels

A suite of 10 synthetic sodium silica and sodium calcium silica gels was prepared to explore the basic mechanism of expansion of concrete by alkali-silica reaction. Methods were developed for measuring the free swelling capacity and the maximum swelling pressure generated by these gels when they are allowed access to free water. Free swelling ranged from as little as 0.5 to as much as 80%, maximum swelling pressures recorded varied from as little as 0.1 to almost 11 MPa, the latter well in excess of the tensile strength of most concretes. The relations observed between alkali:silica ratio of the gel and its free swelling and swelling-pressure characteristics were suggestive but not straightforward. The presence of calcium in the synthetic gels did not noticeably reduce their activity with respect to either test.
Differential effects of hypertonic mannitol and glycerol on rat brain metabolism and amino acids

Summary Intraperitoneal injections in rats of two different dosages of hypertonic solutions containing mannitol or glycerol caused complex and differential changes in brain amino acids. When plasma osmolalities were elevated to toxic levels of 397–432 mOsm/kg H 2 O, brain sodium was increased, whereas plasma sodium was decreased. Brain potassium was not affected. Brain water decreased significantly, concomitant with elevation of plasma osmolality. Both brain lactic acid and [ 125 I]albumin space rose significantly. Brain amino acids (mostly aliphatic and basic amino acids) as well as GABA and glycine (putative inhibitory neurotransmitters) increased after both mannitol and glycerol. Ammonia was stimulated by mannitol but was unaffected by glycerol. Plasma amino acids, which generally increased after mannitol, were decreased by glycerol. When the plasma osmolalities were elevated only to moderate levels (about 350 mOsm/kg H 2 O, only glycerol induced a significant increase in brain taurine, aspartic acid, alanine, leucine and lysine. Thus, with moderate hyperosmolality, glycerol has striking effects on brain amino acid metabolism that are not observed with mannitol.
Empirical derivation of SVIB-Holland scales and conversion tables

Abstract Significant relationships between the Holland Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) were again empirically demonstrated in this study, and conversion equations were developed to use standard scores of SVIB scales , rather than items, to produce estimates of VPI scores. Cross validation on a limited population yielded supportive evidence that these conversion equations can provide meaningful VPI estimates from SVIB scale scores. The need for validation across a variety of populations was underscored in order to assess further generalizability of these findings.
Cooperative Chiral Order in Random Copolymers

Abstract A new type of cooperative chiral order has been observed in polyisocyanates composed of a mixture of opposite enantiomers. The chiral order of the copolymer, measured by optical activity, is dominated by whichever enantiomer is in the majority. We present a quantitative theory for this cooperative chiral order, using a mapping of the random copolymer onto the random-field Ising model. Using this theory, we predict how the sharpness of the majority-rule curve can be controlled for applications in a optical switch. We also consider how this theory could be applied to chiral order in DNA.
Formal synthesis of 6-deoxyerythronolide B.

The enantioselective synthesis of the carbon skeleton of 6-deoxyerythronolide B has been achieved in 23 linear steps from propionaldehyde. The synthesis relies on an iterative approach employing an asymmetric acyl-thiazolidinethione propionate aldol reaction to establish eight of nine stereogenic centers. The remaining stereogenic center at C6 was set through a Myers alkylation employing a complex alkyl iodide.
Millimeter wave I-Q standoff biosensor

A continuous wave (CW) 94-GHz millimeter wave (mmW) standoff biosensor has been developed for remote biometric sensing applications. The sensor measures the demodulated in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) components of the received reflected mmW signal from a subject. Both amplitude and phase of the reflected signal are obtained from downconverted I and Q channels from the quadrature mixer. The mmW sensor can faithfully monitor human vital signs (heartbeat and respiration) at relatively long standoff distances. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is used to extract the heartbeat, the respiration and the body motion signals. The approach allows one to deduce information about amplitude and beat-to-beat rate of the respiration and the heartbeat. Experimental results collected from a subject were analyzed and compared to the signal obtained with a three-electrode ECG monitoring instrument.
Plant volatiles moderate response to aggregation pheromone in Colorado potato beetle

: The orientation of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, to a male-produced aggregation pheromone, (S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-oct-6-ene-1,3-diol, a three-component plant attractant blend [comprised of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate + (±)-linalool + methyl salicylate], and other potato volatiles (nonanal and 2-phenylethanol) were tested. All compounds were previously shown to be active in coupled gas chromatography/electroantennogram experiments. Both the three-component plant attractant blend and 2-phenylethanol were attractive to adult beetles. While male beetles oriented preferentially to both plant attractants vs. a control, females showed little preference. Combining the plant attractants with the pheromone resulted in sexually dimorphic responses similar to those seen with either plant attractant alone. Addition of nonanal abolished the sexually dimorphic response to the pheromone + 2-phenylethanol blend; the new three-component blend was attractive to both sexes. In both laboratory bioassays and field experiments, a combination of the pheromone + the three-component plant attractant was preferred over the plant attractant alone. Thus, it seems likely that combinations of pheromone + plant volatiles may be the most efficacious for field use.
Optimizing designs and operations of a single network or multiple interdependent infrastructures under stochastic arc disruption

In this paper, we consider an infrastructure as a network with supply, transshipment, and demand nodes. A subset of potential arcs can be constructed between node pairs for conveying service flows. The paper studies two optimization models under stochastic arc disruption. Model 1 focuses on a single network with small-scale failures, and repairs arcs for quick service restoration. Model 2 considers multiple interdependent infrastructures under large-scale disruptions, and mitigates cascading failures by selectively disconnecting failed components. We formulate both models as scenario-based stochastic mixed-integer programs, in which the first-stage problem builds arcs, and the second-stage problem optimizes recourse operations for restoring service or mitigating losses. The goal is to minimize the total cost of infrastructure design and recovery operations. We develop cutting-plane algorithms and several heuristic approaches for solving the two models. Model 1 is tested on an IEEE 118-bus system. Model 2 is tested on systems consisting of the 118-bus system, a 20-node network, and/or a 50-node network, with randomly generated interdependency sets in three different topological forms (i.e., chain, tree, and cycle). The computational results demonstrate that (i) decomposition and cutting-plane algorithms effectively solve Model 1, and (ii) heuristic approaches dramatically decrease the CPU time for Model 2, but yield worse bounds when cardinalities of interdependency sets increase. Future research includes developing special algorithms for optimizing Model 2 for complex multiple infrastructures with special topological forms of system interdependency.
Review of school counseling outcome research

This article is somewhat unique in this special issue as it focuses on the effectiveness of an array of school counseling interventions and not solely on individual and group counseling. In summarizing the school counseling outcome literature, the authors found that students who participated in school counseling interventions tended to score on various outcome measures about a third of a standard deviation above those who did not receive the interventions. School counseling interventions produced quite large effect sizes in the areas of discipline, problem solving, and increasing career knowledge. The effect sizes were smaller, but significant, related to school counseling interventions' impact on academic achievement. Surprisingly little school counseling research was found related to individual counseling. Concerning guidance curriculum, small groups were more effective than interventions that involved entire classrooms. Furthermore, outcome research reflects that group counseling can be effective with students who are experiencing problems and difficulties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial lipodystrophy magnetic resonance findings in one case

The magnetic resonance findings in a patient with acquired partial lipodystrophy are described. Adipose tissue in a variety of locations, including the retroperitoneum and bone marrow, is well demonstrated by magnetic resonance in several anatomic planes. Magnetic resonance may provide complementary information to clinical findings in evaluation of patients with partial lipodystrophy.
Youth Finding and Claiming Religious Voice: Coming Out Religiously in an Interreligious Multivalent World

AbstractVoice is critical to youth; yet discerning and claiming a public religious voice is complicated, especially as youth encounter values that include or exclude them based on personality, ethnicity, religion, gender identification, ability, social class, or sexual orientation. Drawing from interviews, we analyze influences on youth to discover and speak their religious voices in public spaces, and to claim religious motivations for their public personas and actions. The study uncovers complex relationships among young people's religious awareness, social contexts, inner dynamics, and public religious expressions. These relationships suggest directions for religious education in faith communities, schools, and other public spaces.
Correlation between amino acid exchanges in coat protein of TMV mutants and the nature of the mutagens.

Abstract This paper represents a comparative study of the action of various reagents of different mutagenicity on the messenger activity of TMV RNA, as monitored by amino acid analyses of the coat protein of 225 mutants. No such comparative data appear to be available from other laboratories. The stable mutants with single amino acid exchanges obtained with nitrous acid, hydroxylamine, and methoxyamine showed the expected predominance of those changes which would be predicted on the basis of their reaction specificity (C → U and A → G; C → U). The amino acid exchanges caused by bromination and alkylation indicated a greater variety of mutagenic events. Recent studies of the many reactions caused by alkylating agents, indicating that all bases may be modified at more than one site, supply an explanation for this finding. The results of photochemical reactions which destroy bases resemble those of spontaneous mutations in giving a completely random exchange pattern.
Anévrysme congénital de la veine jugulaire : revue de la littérature a propos d'un cas

La dilatation fusiforme de la veine jugulaire, ou phlebectasie jugulaire, est une entite clinique rare, entrainant un gonflement cervical. Nous presentons l'observation d'un malade de 15 ans, de sexe masculin, sans antecedent traumatique et ayant une masse cervicale droite augmentant de volume. Nous etudions la litterature et les modalites diagnostiques et therapeutiques. Alors qu'un traitement conservateur est habituellement prescrit, la ligature et la resection peuvent etre realisees en toute securite lorsque l'intervention est indiquee.
Error modeling for an untethered ultra-wideband system for construction indoor asset tracking

This paper analyzes the performance of an ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless network system for mobile asset tracking at a dynamic construction site. Static and dynamic error tests were performed on a commercial UWB system in different building spaces including open/closed spaces, steel/wood framed construction sites, and a closed office area. All tests were carried out with an untethered UWB configuration for more flexible deployment of the UWB system at construction sites. Statistical approaches including regression analysis, outlier detection, and Kalman filtering were used to build an error model. The research found that each site has a unique pattern of producing errors caused by various types of interference, e.g., electromagnetic interference, multi-path propagation, fading and scattering of signals. Approximately 25% of the errors were reduced by using the proposed error modeling process. The paper concludes that a statistically developed error model process can significantly reduce random errors and improve position accuracy for indoor mobile asset tracking applications in construction.
Laryngeal Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis of Incidence and Survival

Objective. Papillary squamous cell carcinoma has emerged as a distinct entity from the more common keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. The basis behind this distinction relates not only to its histologic variation but also to its overall prognosis and survival. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the incidence, demographics, and longterm survival of laryngeal papillary squamous cell carcinoma (LPSCC) and how it relates to other laryngeal malignancies using a population-based database. Study Design. Analysis of a population-based tumor registry. Methods. The United States National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry was used to perform a retrospective analysis. Patients diagnosed with LPSCC from 1973 to 2011 were identified. Data endpoints extracted included patient demographics, incidence, and survival. Results. Three-hundred seventy cases of LPSCC were identified, corresponding to 0.5% of all laryngeal tumors. There was a 3:1 male predilection, without a significant racial preference. Most tumors identified were localized (T1) and at stage 1. The 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) for LPSCC was 97.1%, 83.1%, and 73.9%, respectively, compared with 87.9%, 64.5%, and 50.5% for other laryngeal malignancies (P values \.0001). Surgery was associated with a higher overall DSS in both LPSCC (87.4% vs 78.8%) and other laryngeal malignancies (70% vs 59.4%) when compared with other treatment modalities. Conclusion. This analysis of the largest sample of LPSCC demonstrates a better prognosis for this pathology compared with other laryngeal malignancies.
Sigma1 binding in a human neuroblastoma cell line

Behaviorally, sigma1 agents modulate opioid analgesia. To examine possible mechanisms responsible for these interactions, we have identified a cell line containing both sigma1 and opioid receptors. [3H](+)-pentazocine binding in BE(2)-C human neuroblastoma cells is high affinity (KD 3.4±0.7 nM) and high density (Bmax 2.98±0.14 pmol/mg protein). Competition studies reveal a selectivity profile similar to that of sigma1 sites in guinea pig brain. (+)-Pentazocine has no effect upon either basal or forskolin-stimulated cyclase in the BE(2)-C cells, but cAMP accumulation is inhibited by the morphine, DPDPE and naloxone benzoylhydrazone. (+)-Pentazocine at concentrations as high as 10 μM does not affect this opioid effect, implying that sigma1/opioid interactions are not mediated at the level of the cell. This suggests that their behavioral interactions result from interacting neural circuits. Although (+)-pentazocine is without effect in the cyclase system, it does block carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositol turnover (IC50 6.5±1.14 μM). The specificity of the effect is confirmed by the ability of haloperidol (1 μM) to shift the IC50 value of (+)-pentazocine 2-fold to the right.
Neonatal seizures: characteristics of EEG ictal activity in preterm and fullterm infants

The neonatal EEG remains one of oldest, yet most valuable, diagnostic and prognostic tests in neonates. The goals of this study were to determine the relationships between the morphology, frequency, and distribution of ictal discharges in the neonatal EEG with age, EEG background activity, and etiology. A total of 156 ictal events were evaluated in 11 preterm (PT) and 25 fullterm (FT) infants. Most of the infants had severe abnormalities of background activity although ictal discharges occurred on both normal and abnormal backgrounds. There was a trend for a closer relationship between behavioral changes during the electroencephalographic seizure when the background activity was normal or moderately abnormal than when background activity was severely abnormal. In both PT and FT infants, the most common site of seizure origin was the temporal lobe. FT infants commonly had sharp waves, spikes, sharp and slow waves, and spike and slow waves at the onset of the ictus while rhythmic delta activity was most common in the PT infants. PT infants typically had a regional onset to the ictus whereas FT infants most frequently had a focal onset. Duration of the ictal events was similar in PT and FT infants and a change in morphology or frequency of the discharges was common during propagation of the ictal discharges in both age groups. There was not a clear relationship between onset, morphology, frequency, or propagation patterns and etiology in either the PT or FT infants. Our results demonstrate that while the type of ictal discharge is related to gestational age, there is a rich variety in the onset, morphology, and frequency of the ictal discharges in both PT and FT infants and that neonatal ictal patterns lack a close correlation with underlying pathology.
Low power multi-level-cell resistive memory design with incomplete data mapping

Phase change memory (PCM) has been widely studied as a potential DRAM alternative. The multi-level cell (MLC) can further increase the memory density and reduce the fabrication cost by storing multiple bits in a single cell. Nevertheless, large write power, high write latency, as well as reliability issue resulted from the resistance drift, bring in challenges for MLC PCM based memory design. In contrast, the emerging Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM), which has similar MLC property as PCM, demonstrates better performance and energy efficiency compared to PCM. In addition, due to the physical switching behaviors of ReRAM cell, the resistance drift phenomenon does not exist. In this paper, we propose a low power MLC ReRAM design. We first study the programming method of MLC ReRAM and identify that programming latency and energy are highly dependent on the data pattern written to the cell. Based on this observation, we propose incomplete data mapping (IDM), which maps an eight-level-cell into six states to prevent the time/energy consuming data patterns from appearing in the cell. Furthermore, in order to improve endurance of MLC RAM, which is much smaller than single-level cell (SLC) ReRM due to the complex programming method, we propose Dynamic Data ReMapping (DDRM) to selectively regulate memory blocks from IDM state back to complete data mapping (CDM) state. We demonstrate that the proposed design can work effectively with existing error-correction schemes but requires much smaller space overhead. Experimental results show that, IDM can reduce the energy performance by at most 15% with negligible performance overhead. By combining the DDRM with existing error-correction scheme, DDRM can improve the memory lifetime by 2.75× compared with conventional memory architectures.
Autoimmune pancreatitis: negotiating the labyrinth of terminology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis

Abstract Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a form of chronic pancreatitis that typically affects adults with a male predilection. Jaundice, weight loss, anorexia and abdominal pain are the most common presenting symptoms. Serum IgG and IgG4 are frequently elevated. Imaging studies show diffuse enlargement of the pancreas with diffuse or segmental narrowing of the main pancreatic duct. When pancreatic involvement is focal, it can mimic adenocarcinoma on imaging. Histologically, the disease is characterized by a duct-centric fibroinflammatory process, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and phlebitis. High numbers of IgG4-positive plasma cells are frequently present. The absence of duct dilatation, pseudocyst, fat necrosis or calcification aids in the distinction from alcoholic pancreatitis. AIP can involve other sites in the pancreaticobilairy tree and is frequently associated with other autoimmune and fibrosclerosing diseases. This has led to the concept that AIP is the pancreatic manifestation of systemic IgG4-related immunological disease. The prognosis is generally favourable with an excellent response to steroids.
A microfabricated dialysis device for sample cleanup in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

A laser microfabricated device was constructed for rapid microdialysis cleanup of biological samples for analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in both off-line and on-line modes. A microdialysis membrane was sandwiched between two chips having micromachined serpentine channels. The total volume of the sample serpentine channel used for the microdialysis was 1 μL. Efficient desalting was demonstrated for both DNA and protein samples using ESI with an ion trap mass spectrometer after microdialysis against a counter flow of ESI-compatible buffer. Signal-to-noise ratios were also greatly enhanced compared to direct infusion of the original nondialyzed samples. Importantly, the microfabricated device allowed use of sample flow rates 1 order of magnitude smaller than previous designs based on a microdialysis fiber, allowing reduced sample utilization and improved sensitivity with ESI-MS. The effectiveness of the cleanup was attributed to the size difference between the sample channel an...
Abundance and distribution of carbohydrates in the ocean

Carbohydrate concentrations in depth profiles from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Gerlache Strait (Antarctica) were determined by MBTH analysis without hydrolysis and after hydrolysis with dilute HCI and concentrated H2SO4. Total carbohydrate (TCHO) concentrations in surface waters varied from 7 to 33 µM C and accounted for 21 ± 7% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measured by high-temperature combustion. Polysaccharides (PCHO) were the dominant form of carbohydrate in waters above oxygen minima whereas monosaccharides were dominant in the deep ocean. PCHO comprised 71 ± 18% of TCHO and 16 ± 9% of the DOC above oxygen minima at all stations. Hydrolysis-resistant PCHO comprised 67 ± 30% of the total PCHO. Monosaccharide (MCHO) concentrations averaged 4.3 ± 1.9 µM C and varied little with depth at all stations. The large (5-fold) decrease in PCHO concentrations between surface waters and oxygen minima suggested that polysaccharides are an active component of the carbon cycle in the upper ocean.
Are student ratings of communication instructors due to “easy” grading practices?: An analysis of teacher credibility and student-reported performance levels

Research indicates that student ratings of mathematics and science instructors are significantly lower than those of their counterparts in social science and the humanities. Frequently, communication instructors’ ratings are among the highest in their respective colleges. Unfortunately, these high ratings sometimes arouse suspicion among administrators and colleagues regarding whether highly rated courses are sufficiently rigorous. A considerable body of research literature suggests that expected grade is unrelated to students’ ratings of instructors. Furthermore, most studies show positive relationships between student generated ratings and indices of course difficulty. The present study examined the relationship between teacher credibility and various student perceptions about the instructor and course within the context of communication courses. Although teacher credibility was positively correlated with students’ (1) overall rating of the level of excellence of the course and instructor and (2) intent...
Synthesis, DNA affinity, and antiprotozoal activity of linear dications: Terphenyl diamidines and analogues.

Diamidines 10a−g and 18a,b were obtained from dinitriles 9a−g and 15a,b by treatment with lithium trimethylsilylamide or upon hydrogenation of bis-O-acetoxyamidoximes. Dinitriles 9a−g were prepared via Suzuki reactions between arylboronic acids and arylnitriles. Potential prodrugs 12a−f and 17 were prepared via methylation of the diamidoximes 11a−f and 16a. Significant DNA affinities for rigid-rod molecules were observed. Compounds 10a, 10b, 10d, 18a, and 18b show IC50 values of 5 nM or less against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T. b. r.) and 10a, 10b, 10e, 18a, and 18b gave similar ones against Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.). The dications, 10a, 10d, 10f, and 10g are more active than furamidine in vivo. The prodrugs are only moderately effective on oral administration. Mouse liver microsome bioconversion of the methamidoxime prodrugs is significantly reduced from that of pafuramidine and suggests that the in vivo efficacy of these prodrugs is, in part, due to poor bioconversion.
Optimizing budget spendings for software implementation and testing

Abstract This article considers the problem of optimal allocation of the financial budget to a software project under development. There exists several models focused on the development of software costs measuring the amount of development effort, development time and the number of software errors remaining in the software during testing. The purpose of this paper is to use these models to formulate the optimization problems which software managers face and to propose a simple and fast solution procedures to handle them. The presented approach extends previous works either by assuming that a software project consists of some independent modules or by defining new goal functions. Scope and purpose Generally, it is a very difficult job for a software manager to allocate optimally the financial budget to a software project under development. There are many ways to model the development of software costs. They can be based on development effort, development time and the number of software errors remaining in the software during testing. The purpose of this paper is to use these models to formulate the optimization problems which software managers face and to propose simple and fast solution procedures to handle them.