cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient Hierarchical Performance Modeling for Integrated Circuits via Bayesian Co-Learning

With the continuous drive towards integrated circuits scaling, efficient performance modeling is becoming more crucial yet, more challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel method of hierarchical performance modeling based on Bayesian co-learning. We exploit the hierarchical structure of a circuit to establish a Bayesian framework where unlabeled data samples are generated to improve modeling accuracy without running additional simulation. Consequently, our proposed method only requires a small number of labeled samples, along with a large number of unlabeled samples obtained at almost no-cost, to accurately learn a performance model. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves up to 3.66× runtime speed-up over the state-of-the-art modeling technique without surrendering any accuracy.
Cancer Risk in Families Fulfilling the Amsterdam Criteria for Lynch Syndrome

Importance The data describing cancer risks associated with Lynch syndrome are variable. Objectives To quantify the prevalence of families that fulfill the Amsterdam I or II criteria for Lynch syndrome in the Utah population and investigate the risk of colonic and extracolonic cancers in family members and their relatives. Design, Setting, and Participants In a population-based study, 202 families with Amsterdam I and II criteria–positive pedigrees in the Utah Population Database were identified. Of these, all cancer diagnoses in members of families with Amsterdam criteria and their first-degree, second-degree, and first-cousin relatives were located through linkage to the Utah Cancer Registry. The study was conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) were estimated by comparing the observed rates of cancer in relatives with population-expected rates estimated internally from the Utah Population Database. Results A total of 202 families meeting Amsterdam criteria for Lynch syndrome accounted for 2.6% of all colorectal cancers in the state; of these, 59 met both the Amsterdam I and Amsterdam II criteria. Cancers observed in significant excess in the first-degree relatives of Amsterdam criteria pedigrees included colorectal (SMR, 10.10; 95% CI, 9.43-10.81), endometrial (SMR, 5.89; 95% CI, 5.09-6.78), stomach (SMR, 2.90; 95% CI, 2.02-4.03), small intestine (SMR, 7.72; 95% CI, 5.17-11.08), prostate (SMR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.73-2.17), kidney (SMR, 3.22; 95% CI, 2.45-4.16), urinary bladder (SMR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.22-2.12), thyroid (SMR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.55-3.17), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SMR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.64-2.65). Risks of colorectal and endometrial cancers were also found to be elevated in second-degree (SMR, 4.31; 95% CI, 3.98-4.65 and SMR, 2.70; 95% CI, 2.30-3.14, respectively) and first-cousin (SMR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.70-2.00 and SMR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.29-1.73, respectively) relatives of families with Amsterdam criteria. Conclusions and Relevance In this population-based study of cancer risk in families fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria, many of the cancers previously reported to be associated with Lynch syndrome were observed, several previously unreported cancer associations were noted, and the risk of colorectal and endometrial cancer were markedly increased in first-, second-, and even third-degree relatives of these families. This study provides clinicians with population-based, unbiased data to counsel members of families meeting the Amsterdam criteria regarding their elevated risks of cancer and the importance of cancer screening.
Notes on the Larva and Natural History of Lacosoma arizonicum Dyar (Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with New Host and Parasitoid Records

The larva of Lacosoma arizonicum Dyar is figured for the first time. This species was previously known to feed on oaks (Quercus), but no specific Quercus species has been reported. We studied the life history of L. arizonicum and confirm four larval host plants from field-collected larvae: Quercus arizonica, Q. emoryi, Q. gambelii, and Q. hypoleucoides. Larvae were successfully reared to pupation in captivity on Q. virginiana (in Florida). A tachinid fly in the genus Lespesia, was reared from a single L. arizonicum larva.
Hypothyroidism Increases 90-Day Complications and Costs Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Thyroid disease is common and often remains undetected in the US population. Thyroid hormone has an array of metabolic, immunologic, and musculoskeletal functions crucial to well-being. The influence of thyroid disease on perioperative outcomes following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is poorly understood. We hypothesized that hypothyroidism was associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications and 90-day costs following primary TKA. Methods The Medicare standard analytical files were queried using International Classification of Disease codes between 2005 and 2014 to identify patients undergoing primary TKA. Patients with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism were matched by age and gender on a 1:1 ratio. Ninety-day postoperative complication rates, day of surgery, and 90-day global period charges and reimbursements were compared between matched cohorts. Results A total of 2,369,594 primary TKAs were identified between 2005 and 2014. After age and gender matching, each cohort consisted of 98,555 patients. Hypothyroidism was associated with greater odds of postoperative complications compared to matched controls (odds ratio 1.367, 95% confidence interval 1.322-1.413). The 90-day incidence of multiple postoperative medical and surgical complications, including periprosthetic joint infection, was higher among patients with hypothyroidism. Day of surgery and 90-day episode of care costs were significantly higher in the hypothyroidism cohort. Conclusion This study demonstrated an increased risk of multiple postoperative complications and higher costs among patients with hypothyroidism following primary TKA. Surgeons should counsel patients on these findings and seek preoperative optimization strategies to reduce these risks and lower costs in this patient population.
Probenecid Improves Cardiac Function in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction In Vivo and Cardiomyocyte Calcium Sensitivity In Vitro

BackgroundTransient receptor potential vanilloid 2 is a calcium channel activated by probenecid. Probenecid is a Food and Drug Administration–approved uricosuric drug that has recently been shown t...
Career development for academic medicine—a nine step strategy

Make sure your career goes to plan by using Linda Pololi9s innovative form of career development guidance
Hydrogen in Metals

Study of metals containing interstitials has been aided greatly using internal friction techniques. After methods had been developed for the heavy interstitials C, N and O in such metals as iron, niobium and tantalum, applications were extended to the light interstitial, H, in these same metals. The career of Otto Buck and his many collaborators spanned this last endeavor. Using important papers from his career, significant features of our understanding of alloys of metals with hydrogen are described.
Advanced Expenses: Proposing a New Default Rule for Nonprofit Director Indemnification in Direct Suits by the Corporation

In an attempt to strike a balance between accountability and service, this Note suggests a new default rule regarding advance payment of expenses for nonprofit directors in certain situations. The Note first defines the current provisions of the Model Nonprofit Corporation Act, regarding indemnification and advancement of expenses. Second, the Note treats the history of indemnification and its evolution from statutes to common law and the fiduciary duties of nonprofit directors. The Note then discusses indemnification problems in the private sector and differences in the nonprofit sector that neutralize many of the private sector indemnification issues. The Note proposes a threefold remedy for the advancement of expenses issue as it currently exists. First, the Note lays out the parameters for the new provision as applying only to direct suits against the director by or in the right of the nonprofit corporation itself. Second, the Note differentiates between actions brought in breach of a duty of loyalty as opposed to a breach of duty of care. Finally, the Note differentiates between paid and unpaid directors.
Growth and Regeneration

Many kinds of living organisms regrow appendages that are crushed or torn off in the mishaps of an active life. People have scarcely any abilities of this sort, a fact which contributes to their jealous curiosity about the mechanisms of regeneration in more resilient organisms. This curiosity runs deeper than mere jealousy would motivate because regeneration in many ways resembles the initial normal development of an animal’s structures. Normal development plus regeneration, collectively called morphogenesis, presumably operates by some general rules that we might at least elucidate empirically as a prelude to ferreting out deeper mechanisms. Yet for all the imaginative and meticulous efforts of at least four generations of developmental biologists, few general rules have stood the test of time. If principles of widespread applicability exist, they remain tantalizing obscure.
Past experience shapes sexually dimorphic neuronal wiring through monoaminergic signalling

Differences between female and male brains exist across the animal kingdom and extend from molecular to anatomical features. Here we show that sexually dimorphic anatomy, gene expression and function in the nervous system can be modulated by past experiences. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, sexual differentiation entails the sex-specific pruning of synaptic connections between neurons that are shared by both sexes, giving rise to sexually dimorphic circuits in adult animals1. We discovered that starvation during juvenile stages is memorized in males to suppress the emergence of sexually dimorphic synaptic connectivity. These circuit changes result in increased chemosensory responsiveness in adult males following juvenile starvation. We find that an octopamine-mediated starvation signal dampens the production of serotonin (5-HT) to convey the memory of starvation. Serotonin production is monitored by a 5-HT1A serotonin receptor homologue that acts cell-autonomously to promote the pruning of sexually dimorphic synaptic connectivity under well-fed conditions. Our studies demonstrate how life history shapes neurotransmitter production, synaptic connectivity and behavioural output in a sexually dimorphic circuit.
Team Sports Belong in High School Physical Education Programs

The purpose of this editorial is to investigate the claims that team sports are not lifetime activities and that high school students are not interested in team sports.
An overset-mesh approach for large-Eddy simulation of high-Reynolds number aerofoil flow

ABSTRACTWall-resolved large-eddy simulations are carried out in order to explore the use of an overset nested-grid approach for computing high-Reynolds number turbulent aerofoil flows. By lowering the computational grid density as the distance from solid surfaces increases, a saving in computing resources may be realised. The configuration consists of a wing section having a NACA0012 aerofoil geometry, at a freestream Mach number of 0.3 and chord-based Reynolds number of 3×106, which duplicate experimental conditions. Two angles of attack are considered, namely 0.0∘ and 9.86∘. Because of the limited amount of experimental data available at the aerofoil Reynolds number, well-resolved solutions are obtained without employing the nested-grid technique and are then used to validate the overset methodology. All results are obtained with a high-fidelity numerical method, using high-order interpolation to maintain spatial accuracy with the overset systems. A comprehensive, detailed comparison is made between sol...
Effects of land management on inundation of prairie pothole wetlands in the Des Moines Lobe using AnnAGNPS.

Abstract The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America contains millions of shallow wetlands, called potholes, in a landscape that was originally midgrass and tallgrass prairie. Since the 1900s, the prairie pothole landscape has been altered through the installation of subsurface drainage to make the land suitable for agricultural production. Currently, many of these potholes are farmed but they are often areas of poor crop yields because of early growing season flooding. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different land use practices on depth, duration, and aerial extent of ponding in two potholes (termed Walnut and Bunny) in central Iowa. Three management scenarios were simulated and inundation levels were compared using the Annualized Agriculture Non-Point Source model (AnnAGNPS) — current: conventionally tilled farmed conditions in corn/soybean rotation with surface inlets in the potholes connecting to a subsurface drainage system; retired: pothole is converted to a mixture of grass, weeds, and low-growing brush, with surface inlets removed and the drainage system underneath the potholes disconnected; and conserved: conservation tillage throughout the field with surface inlets and drainage maintained in potholes. The average annual water depth for the conserved and retired scenarios was 7–8% lower than the average annual water depth for the current scenario. However, for the retired scenario, an increase in inundation was observed in Bunny because disconnecting the surface inlets reduced infiltration in the model. The potholes tend to flood more frequently in the early stages of plant development, which can lead to delayed management operations and potentially reduced yields. Over the 17 year simulation period, Bunny pothole exceeded its maximum volume storage capacity and overflowed five times. This information is important to prioritize areas for and to understand the hydrologic impacts of pothole restoration efforts in intensive agricultural landscapes.
Conflict Management in Teams

Successful teams have three things in common: (1) they meet their performance goals, (2) their members feel satisfied that they are learning/benefiting from being a part of the team, and (3) the process the team uses to collaborate sets it up for future success. Recent research, however, suggests that only about 25% of teams meet these criteria. The rest of the teams typically experience less-than-ideal processes and a decline in performance and/or satisfaction. This technical note explores what goes wrong with teams, the ways in which conflict can both help and hurt a team, and how a team can harness the benefits and limit the liabilities of conflict. Excerpt UVA-OB-1072 Mar. 4, 2015 Conflict Management in Teams Successful teams have three things in common: (1) they meet their performance goals, (2)their members feel satisfied that they are learning/benefiting from being a part of the team, and (3)the process the team uses to collaborate sets it up for future success. Recent research, however, suggests that in as little as five weeks of working together, only about 25% of teams meet these criteria. The rest of the teams typically experience less-than-ideal processes and a decline in performance and/or satisfaction. So what goes wrong? Most team members report that conflict among team members gets in the way of effective teamwork, and this conclusion is largely supported by academic research. The effect of conflict on teams is not always straightforward, however. Under the right conditions, for example, conflict can stimulate divergent thinking and lead to improved problem solving. On the other hand, it also tends to increase defensiveness, distract members from effective problem solving, and generate interpersonal animosity. So what determines whether a team can harness the benefits and limit the liabilities of conflict? More than a decade of research provides a clear answer: how team conflict is managed. Because conflict happens in all teams (even the most effective ones), the presence of conflict has little bearing on whether one team is more successful than another. The factor most important to team success is how teams handle conflict when it does arise—and there are clear and reliable patterns associated with (in)effective conflict management. These patterns center on a critical tradeoff that teams implicitly or explicitly make when deciding how to deal with their conflict: the tradeoff between getting work done and making individual members happy. . . .
Background Heterogeneity and Other Uncertainties inEstimating Urban Methane Flux: Results from theIndianapolis Flux (INFLUX) Experiment

Abstract. As natural gas extraction and use continues to increase, the need to quantify emissions of methane (CH4), a powerful greenhouse gas, has grown. Large discrepancies in Indianapolis CH4 emissions have been observed when comparing inventory, aircraft mass-balance, and tower inverse modeling estimates. Four years of continuous CH4 mole fraction observations from a network of nine tower-based cavity ring-down spectrometers measuring atmospheric CH4 mole fractions at 39 to 136 m above ground as part of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) are utilized to investigate four possible reasons for the abovementioned inconsistencies: (1) differences in definition of the city domain, (2) a highly temporally variable and spatially non-uniform CH4 background, (3) temporal variability in CH4 emissions, and (4) the presence of unknown CH4 sources. Reducing the Indianapolis urban domain size to be consistent with the inventory domain size decreases the CH4 emission estimation of the inverse modeling methodology by about 35 % and thereby lessens the discrepancy by bringing total city flux within an error range of one of the inventories. Nevertheless, the inverse modeling estimate still remains about 40 % higher than the inventory value. Hourly urban background CH4 mole fractions are shown to be heterogeneous and temporally variable. Statistically significant, long-term biases in background mole fractions of 2–5 ppb are found from single point observations from most wind directions. Random errors in single point background mole fractions observed for a few hours are 20–30 ppb, but decrease substantially when data are averaged over multiple days. Boundary layer budget estimates suggest that Indianapolis CH4 emissions did not change significantly when comparing 2014 to 2016. However, it appears that CH4 emissions may follow a diurnal cycle with daytime emissions (12–16 LST) approximately twice as large as nighttime emissions (20–5 LST). The strongest CH4 source in Indianapolis is the South Side Landfill. Other point sources, perhaps leaks from the natural gas distribution system, are localized and transient, and do not appear to be a consistently large source of CH4 emissions in Indianapolis. Long-term averaging, spatially-extensive upwind mole fraction observations, mesoscale atmospheric modeling of the regional emissions environment, and careful treatment of the times of day and areal representation of emission estimates is recommended for precise and accurate quantification of urban CH4 emissions.
The Relationship Among Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Problem Behaviors, and Internalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background: Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have co-occurring gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, but the etiology is poorly understood. These GI symptoms often coincide with problem behaviors and internalizing symptoms, which reduces the quality of life for these individuals. Methods: This study examined the relationships among GI problems, problem behaviors, and internalizing symptoms in a sample of 340 children and adolescents with ASD who are patients at the University of Missouri Thompson Center for Autism & Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Results: The majority of patients experienced constipation (65%), about half experienced stomachaches or stomach pain (47.9%), and others experienced nausea (23.2%) or diarrhea (29.7%). Young children with aggressive problem behaviors were 11.2% more likely to have co-occurring nausea; whereas, older children showed more complex relationships between internalizing symptoms and GI symptoms. Older children with greater anxiety symptoms were 11% more likely to experience constipation, but 9% less likely to experience stomachaches. Older children with greater withdrawn behavior were 10.9% more likely to experience stomachaches, but 8.7% less likely to experience constipation. Older children with greater somatic complaints were 11.4% more likely to experience nausea and 11.5% more likely to experience stomachaches. Conclusions: Results suggest that the presentation of externalizing problem behavior and internalizing symptoms associated with GI problems differs between young children and older children with ASD. Therefore, behavior may have different relationships with GI symptoms at different ages, which may have implications for the treatment of and clinical approach to GI disturbances in ASD.
Transcriptome analysis of the model grass Lolium temulentum exposed to green leaf volatiles

Forage and turf grasses are routinely cut and grazed upon throughout their lifecycle. When grasses are cut or damaged, they rapidly release a volatile chemical cocktail called green leaf volatiles (GLV). Previously we have shown that mechanical wounding or exposure to GLV released from cut grass, activated a Lt 46 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) within 3 min and a 44 kDa MAPK within 15–20 min in the model grass species Lolium temulentum (Lt). Currently very little is known concerning the perception, signaling or molecular responses associated with wound stress in grasses. Since GLV are released during wounding, we wanted to investigate what genes and signaling pathways would be induced in undamaged plants exposed to GLV. RNA-Seq generated transcriptome of Lolium plants exposed to GLV identified 4308 up- and 2794 down-regulated distinct differentially-expressed sequences (DES). Gene Ontology analysis revealed a strong emphasis on signaling, response to stimulus and stress related categories. Transcription factors and kinases comprise over 13% of the total DES found in the up-regulated dataset. The analysis showed a strong initial burst within the first hour of GLV exposure with over 60% of the up-regulated DES being induced. Specifically sequences annotated for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and other plant hormones, mitogen-activated protein kinases and WRKY transcription factors were identified. Interestingly, eleven DES for ferric reductase oxidase, an enzyme involved in iron uptake and transport, were exclusively found in the down-regulated dataset. Twelve DES of interest were selected for qRT-PCR analysis; all displayed a rapid induction one hour after GLV exposure and were also strongly induced by mechanical wounding. The information gained from the analysis of this transcriptome and previous studies suggests that GLV released from cut grasses transiently primes an undamaged plant’s wound stress pathways for potential oncoming damage, and may have a dual role for inter- as well as intra-plant signaling.
Are We Doing Enough to Reduce Ionizing Radiation Exposure in Children?: An Analysis of Current Approaches to Pediatric Appendicitis Imaging at a Major Urban Medical Center.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate current imaging approaches in children with suspected appendicitis (AP) in the pediatric emergency department (ED) of a major urban medical center. METHODS Children aged 6 to 18 years who presented to a pediatric ED in 2016 with possible AP were identified by a keyword search. Charts were reviewed for the following: age, sex, time of evaluation, imaging study, results of imaging study, disposition, and outcome. RESULTS We calculated mean values and SD for continuous data. Initially, 503 charts were identified. Of these 503, 292 children were identified as having possible AP. Mean age was 10.7 years (SD, 2.7); 50.6% presented between 5:00 PM and 8:00 AM the next morning. Of the 287 US studies performed, 114 (39.7%) were definitively positive or negative. Of these, 46 (16.0%) were negative for AP and 68 (23.7%) were positive. There were 173 (60.3%) ultrasounds that were equivocal. Computed tomography scans were performed in 41 (13.9%) of the total 292 patients, and 2 (0.7%) of the 292 received magnetic resonance imaging. Patient dispositions were as follows: discharged home, 163 (55.8%); admitted for appendectomy, 69 (23.6%); admitted for observation, 37 (12.7%); and extended observation in ED, 10 (3.4%). There were 83 (28.4%) total surgical and interventional radiology cases and 209 (71.6%) nonsurgical cases. Of the 81 appendectomies, 79 (97.5%) had an abnormal appendix, and 2 (2.5%) had no AP. Of the 79 abnormal appendices, 22 (27.8%) were perforated, 55 (69.6%) were not, and 2 (2.6%) were unclear. CONCLUSIONS Computed tomography scans were performed in 13.9% of patients with suspected AP. The overall AP rate was 28.4%. We plan to increase the use of magnetic resonance imaging and other modalities to reduce overall computed tomography usage.
Sequential Optimal Inference for Experiments With Bayesian Particle Filters

In behavioral experiments, carefully choosing the stimuli is critical for success. Recently, several "adaptive" Bayesian methods gained popularity by proposing to optimally select the stimulus in each trial based on the results of the preceding trials. However, current methods are computationally expensive and might require a long waiting period between each question. Moreover, they are often tailored to a particular model and a particular objective, such as parameter estimation, prediction or model selection. It is left to the researcher to extend these approaches to other models by providing a suitable Bayesian inference method. We propose to apply the Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) framework to solve both the inference problem and the optimal experimental design problem. This new method, called Sequential Optimal Inference (SOI) provides gains in computational efficiency and allows for the use of a broad class of complex models and objectives. We demonstrate its validity with simulation studies. An implementation of the method in MATLAB and Python is provided.
Research and Application of Rapid Frequency Response Technology for New Energy Power Station

The power supply structure has been changed greatly, and the available rapid frequency response resources of the grid have reduced gradually, with the grid-connecting of large-capacity and high proportion of new energy sources. Meanwhile, the external transmission scale of large-scale new energy bases through UHV DC is continuously expanded. A serious threat to grid frequency security will be posed by high power UHV DC blocking. The frequency regulation pressure and safe operation risk of the power grid are increasing. The participation of new energy for the rapid frequency response of the power grid is urgent, in order to improve the frequency risk prevention and control level of the large power grid. The rapid frequency response performance requirements of new energy power stations were introduced, and a typical scheme of rapid frequency response was proposed for existing or newly built wind farms and photovoltaic power stations. A new energy power station integrated control system was developed and a demonstration application was carried out in a photovoltaic power station. The integration function of AGC/AVC and rapid frequency response for new energy power station was realized, which achieved the purpose of active support for power grid frequency and voltage by new energy power station.
Narrow QRS Complex Ventricular Tachycardia

Ventricular tachycardia is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of narrow QRS complex tachycardias. However, in young people with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, the QRS complex may be relatively narrow. We present a patient with ventricular tachycardia with QRS duration 110 ms.
Impact of oral anticoagulation choice on healthcare utilization for the primary treatment of venous thromboembolism.

Little is known about the impact of oral anticoagulation (OAC) choice on healthcare encounters during venous thromboembolism (VTE) primary treatment. Among anticoagulant-naive patients with VTE, we tested the hypotheses that healthcare utilization would be lower among users of direct OACs (DOACs; rivaroxaban or apixaban) than among users of warfarin. MarketScan databases for years 2016 and 2017 were used; healthcare utilization was identified in the first 6 months after initial VTE diagnoses. The 23,864 patients with VTE had on average 0.2 ± 0.5 hospitalizations, spent 1.3 ± 5.2 days in the hospital, had 5.7 ± 5.1 outpatient encounters, and visited an emergency department 0.4 ± 1.1 times. As compared to warfarin, rivaroxaban and apixaban were associated with fewer hospitalizations, days hospitalized, outpatient office visits, and emergency department visits after accounting for age, sex, comorbidities, and medications. Hospitalization rates were 24% lower (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.76; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.83) with rivaroxaban and 22% lower (IRR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.87) with apixaban, as compared to warfarin (IRR: 1.00 (reference)). Healthcare utilization was similar between apixaban and rivaroxaban users. Patients with VTE prescribed rivaroxaban and apixaban had lower healthcare utilization than those prescribed warfarin, while there was no difference when comparing apixaban to rivaroxaban. These findings complement existing literature supporting the use of DOACs over warfarin.
Topological pumping of a 1D dipolar gas into strongly correlated prethermal states

Long-lived excited states of interacting quantum systems that retain quantum correlations and evade thermalization are of great fundamental interest. We create nonthermal states in a bosonic one-dimensional (1D) quantum gas of dysprosium by stabilizing a super-Tonks-Girardeau gas against collapse and thermalization with repulsive long-range dipolar interactions. Stiffness and energy-per-particle measurements show that the system is dynamically stable regardless of contact interaction strength. This enables us to cycle contact interactions from weakly to strongly repulsive, then strongly attractive, and finally weakly attractive. We show that this cycle is an energy-space topological pump (caused by a quantum holonomy). Iterating this cycle offers an unexplored topological pumping method to create a hierarchy of increasingly excited prethermal states.
Women Warriors in Early Modern Spain: a tribute to Bárbara Mujica: edited by Susan L. Fischer and Frederick A. De Armas, Newark, University of Delaware Press, 2019, 306 pp., $75.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-64453-015-3; $37.50 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-64453-016-0; $75.00 (ebook), ISBN: 978-1-64453-017-7

Editing an academic tribute dedicated to a scholar and writer such as Barbara Mujica, a thinker whose intellectual trajectory has left a groundbreaking impression and a legacy that continues to rev...
Using the Implicit Association Test to Evaluate Subconscious Attitudes Toward Snakes

Human fear and antipathy toward snakes make conservation and management of these species difficult, as negative attitudes are not generally linked to public support. However, our understanding of w...
The effects of neonatal procedural pain and maternal isolation on hippocampal cell proliferation and reelin concentration in neonatal and adult male and female rats

Preterm births accounted for over 10% of all U.S. live births in 2019 and the rate is rising. Neonatal stressors, especially procedural pain, experienced by preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have been associated with neurodevelopmental impairments. Parental care can alleviate stress during stressful or painful procedures; however, infants in the NICU often receive reduced parental care compared with their peers. Animal studies suggest that decreased maternal care similarly impairs neurodevelopment but also influences the effects of neonatal pain. It is important to mimic both stressors in animal models of neonatal stress exposure. In this study, researchers investigated the individual and combined impact of neonatal pain and maternal isolation on reelin protein levels and cellular proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of 8 days old and adult rats. Exposure to either stressor individually, but not both, increased reelin levels in the dentate gyrus of adult females without significantly altering reelin levels in adult males. However, cell proliferation levels at either age were unaffected by the early-life stressors. These results suggest that each early-life stressor has a unique effect on markers of brain development and more research is needed to further investigate their distinct influences.
Impaired estrogen receptor action in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.

Considering the current trends in life expectancy, women in the modern era are challenged with facing menopausal symptoms as well as heightened disease risk associated with increasing adiposity and metabolic dysfunction for up to three decades of life. Treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies have been hampered by our lack of understanding regarding the biological underpinnings of these clinical conditions and our incomplete understanding of the effects of estrogens and the tissue-specific functions and molecular actions of its receptors. In this review we provide evidence supporting a critical and protective role for the estrogen receptor α specific form in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Studies identifying the ER-regulated pathways required for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the rational design of targeted therapeutics to improve women’s health while limiting complications that have plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
TERAHERTZ LASER VIBRATION-ROTATION-TUNNELING SPECTRUM OF THE WATER PENTAMER-D 10. CONSTRAINTS ON THE BIFURCATION TUNNELING DYNAMICS

Abstract The vibration–rotation–tunneling (VRT) spectrum of a low-frequency intermolecular vibration of (D 2 O) 5 was recorded near 0.9 THz (30.2 cm −1 ). From an analysis of the relative intensities in the compact Q-branch region, the ground-state C-rotational constant is estimated to be 975±60 MHz, consistent with ab initio structural predictions. The precisely determined B -rotational constant ( B =1750.96±0.20 MHz) agrees well with previous results. Efforts to resolve possible bifurcation tunneling fine structure, such as that observed in VRT spectra of (D 2 O) 3 , revealed no such effects. This constrains the splittings to be less than 450 kHz, or roughly 3 times smaller than required by previous results.
Video-rate in vivo fluorescence imaging with a line-scanned dual-axis confocal microscope

Video-rate optical-sectioning microscopy of living organisms would allow for the investigation of dynamic biological processes and would also reduce motion artifacts, especially for in vivo imaging applications. Previous feasibility studies, with a slow stage-scanned line-scanned dual-axis confocal (LS-DAC) microscope, have demonstrated that LS-DAC microscopy is capable of imaging tissues with subcellular resolution and high contrast at moderate depths of up to several hundred microns. However, the sensitivity and performance of a video-rate LS-DAC imaging system, with low-numerical aperture optics, have yet to be demonstrated. Here, we report on the construction and validation of a video-rate LS-DAC system that possesses sufficient sensitivity to visualize fluorescent contrast agents that are topically applied or systemically delivered in animal and human tissues. We present images of murine oral mucosa that are topically stained with methylene blue, and images of protoporphyrin IX-expressing brain tumor from glioma patients that have been administered 5-aminolevulinic acid prior to surgery. In addition, we demonstrate in vivo fluorescence imaging of red blood cells trafficking within the capillaries of a mouse ear, at frame rates of up to 30 fps. These results can serve as a benchmark for miniature in vivo microscopy devices under development.
Nuclear tropomyosin and troponin in striated muscle: new roles in a new locale?

Tropomyosin and troponin have well known Ca2+-regulatory functions in the striated muscle sarcomere. In this review, we summarize experimental evidence that tropomyosin and troponin are localized, with as yet unidentified functional roles, in the striated muscle cell nucleus. We also apply bioinformatics approaches that predict localization of some tropomyosin and troponin to the nucleus, and that SUMOylation could be a covalent modification that modulates their nuclear localization and function. Further, we provide examples of cardiomyopathy mutations that alter the predicted likelihood of nuclear localization and SUMOylation of tropomyosin. These observations suggest novel mechanisms by which cardiomyopathy mutations in tropomyosin and troponin might alter not only cardiac contractility but also nuclear function.
Developmental shift of short-term synaptic plasticity in cortical organotypic slices

Although short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) is ubiquitous in neocortical synapses its functional role in neural computations is not well understood. Critical to elucidating the function of STP will be to understand how STP itself changes with development and experience. Previous studies have reported developmental changes in STP using acute slices. It is not clear, however, to what extent the changes in STP are a function of local ontogenetic programs or the result of the many different sensory and experience-dependent changes that accompany development in vivo. To address this question we examined the in vitro development of STP in organotypic slices cultured for up to 4 weeks. Paired recordings were performed in L5 pyramidal neurons at different stages of in vitro development. We observed a shift in STP in the form of a decrease in the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) (less depression) from the second to fourth week in vitro. This shift in STP was not accompanied by a change in initial excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude. Fitting STP to a quantitative model indicated that the developmental shift is consistent with presynaptic changes. Importantly, despite the change in the PPR we did not observe changes in the time constant governing STP. Since these experiments were conducted in vitro our results indicate that the shift in STP does not depend on in vivo sensory experience. Although sensory experience may shape STP, we suggest that developmental shifts in STP are at least in part ontogenetically determined.
FLUX ROPE ACCELERATION AND ENHANCED MAGNETIC RECONNECTION RATE

A physical mechanism of flares has emerged from our 2.5-dimensional resistive MHD simulations of the dynamical evolution of current sheet formation and magnetic reconnection and flux rope acceleration subject to the continuous, slow increase of magnetic shear in the arcade. With anomalous nonuniform resistivity in the current sheet the simulation results relate the flux rope's accelerated rising motion with an enhanced magnetic reconnection rate and thus an enhanced reconnection electric field in the current sheet during the flare rise phase. The simulation results provide good quantitative agreement with observations of the acceleration of flux ropes, which are manifested in the form of ejected soft X-ray plasmas, erupting filaments, or CMEs. For the X-class flare events studied in this paper the peak reconnection electric field is ~O(103 V m-1) or larger, enough to accelerate electrons to over 100 keV in a field-aligned distance of 0.1 km and produce impulsive hard X-ray emission observed during the flare rise phase.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Assay for Haloperidol

AbstractA high pressure liquid chromatographic assay for haloperidol in aqueous solutions is presented. This assay permits the separation and quantitation of drug concentrations below 100 ng/ml.
The structure of bis-2,2′,N,N′ bipyridylamine copper(II) chloride tetra hydrate

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of bis-2,2′,N,N′bipyridylamine copper(II) chloride tetra hydrate has been determined by three-dimensional X-ray analysis and refined by least-squares methods to conventional residuals of R = 0.081 and Rw = 0.096. The lattice parameters are a = 12.556(6), b = 28.002(7), c = 6.997(4) A and β = 99.98(6)°. The space group is P21/a with four molecular units per unit cell. A total of 5049 unique data with ¦Fo¦ ⩾ 3σ{bditF} were used in the structure determination. The copper ion is pentacoordinate with a chloride ion and two pyridyl nitrogen atoms from different bipyridylamine ligands occpuying the equatorial positions of a distorted trigonal bipyramid. The remaining two pyridyl nitrogen atoms occupy the axial positions.
Creating “companions” for children: the ethics of designing esthetic features for robots

Taking the term “companion” in a broad sense to include robot caregivers, playmates, assistive devices, and toys, we examine ethical issues that emerge from designing companion robots for children. We focus on the relative importance and potential ethical implications of creating robots with certain types of esthetic features. We include an examination of whether robots ought to be made to appear or act humanlike, and whether robots should be gendered. In our estimation, this line of ethical inquiry may even provide insight into the nature and appropriateness of existing institutions and widely accepted interactions among human beings.
A Note on Rail Transit Cost-Benefit Analysis: Do Nonuser Benefits Make a Difference?

Rail transit systems in modern American cities typically underperform. In light of high costs and low ridership, the cost-benefit results have been poor. But advocates often suggest that external (non-rider) benefits could soften these conclusions. In this paper we include recently published estimates of such non-rider benefits in the cost-benefit analysis. Adding these to recently published data for costs and ridership, we examine 34 post-World War II U.S. rail transit systems (8 commuter rail, 6 heavy rail and 20 light rail). The inclusion of the non-rider benefits does not change the negative assessment. In fact, sensitivity analyses that double the estimated non-rider benefits and/or double transit ridership also leave us with poor performance readings. Advocates who suggest that there are still other benefits that we have not included (always a possibility) have a high hurdle to clear.
Remote sensing of benthic microalgal biomass with a tower-mounted multispectral scanner

A remote sensing instrument was mounted on a 50-ft tower overlooking North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina in order to conduct a remote sensing study of benthic microalgae. The instrument was programmed to take multispectral imagery data along a 90 deg horizontal frame in six spectral bands ranging from 400-1050 nm and had a ground resolution of about 3 cm. Imagery measurements were encoded in digital form on magnetic tape and were stored, decoded, and manipulated by computer. Correlation coefficients were calculated on imagery data and chlorophyll a concentrations derived from ground truth data. The most significant correlation occurred in the blue spectral band with numerical values ranging from -0.81 to -0.88 for three separate sampling periods. Mean values of chlorophyll a for a larger section of mudflat were estimated using regression equations. The scanner has provided encouraging results and promises to be a useful tool in sampling the biomass of intertidal benthic microalgae.
A Silicon Micromachined Eight-Pixel Transceiver Array for Submillimeter-Wave Radar

An eight-pixel transceiver array for operation in a 340 GHz imaging radar is presented. Silicon micromachining is applied to fabricate the submillimeter-wave front-end components to increase the density and uniformity of the array while lowering the cost compared to metal machining. Performance comparable with discrete metal machined housings was achieved with the 340 GHz transmitter nominally producing 0.5 mW and the mixers having a DSB noise temperature of 2000 K with a conversion loss of 8 dB. Radar performance is primarily limited by the isolation of the hybrid coupler, which is typically 28 dB, but excellent imaging performance is still achieved and improvements in penetration compared to higher frequency imaging radars is demonstrated.
Can a specialty society educate its members to think differently about clinical decisions? Results of a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: Measure the effect of specialty society-developed continuing medical education (CME) on clinical decision making. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: National sample of neurologists. PARTICIPANTS: Of 492 neurologists randomly selected from an ongoing American Academy of Neurology CME program, 248 were randomized to receive a mailed CME course, and 244 did not receive it. INTERVENTION: A mailed educational course on movement disorders, developed by the specialty society, containing information on diseases and practice recommendations with illustrative case presentations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We assessed adherence to 16 practice recommendations on disease detection, diagnostic test use, and treatments by mailed survey sent to all subjects 4.5 months after the intervention group received the course (73% response rate). The survey contained detailed clinical scenarios to measure self-reported clinical decision making and short open-ended questions to measure factual knowledge. More intervention participants (up to 2.6 times more) than control subjects reported clinical decision making adherent to 9 of the 16 recommendations (p<.05). For 4 of the other 7 recommendations, adherence exceeded 85% in both groups. Within the intervention group, neurologists who read the educational course were 2 to 6 times more likely to be adherent than neurologists who did not. The intervention group had better factual knowledge than control subjects in six of seven areas (p<.01). CONCLUSIONS: This educational course improved neurologists’ reported decision making. Specialty society-developed CME that utilizes a similar format may enhance the effectiveness of mailed CME information to improve physicians’ approach to clinical decisions.
FORMULATION OF FOUR POLES OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS FROM PRESSURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SOURCE MODELLING

Abstract The procedure proposed by Kim, who is also one of the authors of this paper, and Soedel (Journal of Sound and Vibration129,237–254) for formulation of four-pole parameters of three-dimensional cavities is revised. In the procedure, four poles were formulated in terms of the pressure responses of the cavities to a point source. However, it is shown that using the point source model for such a purpose may not always be valid because the pressure response function becomes singular at the source point in such a case. In this work, the procedure is modified by employing the surface source model and a new definition of the input impedance. It is shown that the modified procedure can be applied to three-dimensional acoustic systems. Also, an interesting concept of using a sub-system composed of the cavity and a pair of short pipes is suggested for more accurate analysis.