cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Watching biology in action

THE SEQUENCING of the human genome, along with other advances in the fields of molecular biology, genomics and proteomics, is leading to the discovery of large numbers of genes and proteins. Many of these are implicated in human disease and are therefore possible targets for drug development. We are all eagerly awaiting the new era of molecular medicine, when drugs are precisely tailored to our specific genetic or molecular profile, and when diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's can be treated easily without side effects.
Middle-range research and the role of actualistic studies

This chapter discusses the middle-range research and the role of actualistic studies in archeological survey. The archaeological theory addresses a domain of past events and conditions. The archaeological theory explains why certain events and systems came into being in the past. It addresses the domain that most traditional archaeologists considered to be their target for seeking understanding; such interesting problems as the origins of the state, the shift to agricultural production, or perhaps the origins of culture itself. Under this view of doing archaeology, the act of investigating the archaeological record is viewed as the experimental phase or perhaps the archival phase of investigating the past. However, one cannot use either the archaeological record or the inferred past to test one's premises or assumptions. Quite literally, all this reasoning is locked in by original premises and observational language. Unless one takes his premises to experience and permit experience to pass judgment on their accuracy, one can never gain a critical perspective in regard to the beliefs about the past. The accuracy of the inferential constructions of the past is directly dependent on the accuracy of the assumptions or premises serving as the basis of inferential arguments.
Woolf’s Political Aesthetic in “To Spain”, Three Guineas, and Between the Acts

When Virginia Woolf read these words from her essay “The Leaning Tower” to the Worker’s Educational Association in Brighton in May 1940, she was not only marking a change that had taken place in modern writing and in how it depicted its subject — ‘human life’ — she was also identifying herself with a certain kind of political aesthetic. Although she warns against writing in an aesthetic tower that leans to the left or to the right, which would have the effect of distorting the artist’s angle of vision, she nevertheless declares in her essay “The Artist and Politics” (posthumously published along with “The Leaning Tower” in The Moment) that the artist is by no means independent of society; indeed, she writes, ‘intellectually [ … ] he depends upon society’ (TM, p. 227).
An unusual occurrence of isolated thoracoschisis

Abstract Thoracoschisis is a rare congenital malformation that is frequently associated with limb and abdominal wall defects. Here we present only the third case of isolated thoracoschisis with no associated limb abnormalities. A female infant was born at 38 weeks via C section and was found to have a chest wall defect measuring 2 × 2 cm superior to a low-set left nipple. Reduction of eviscerated abdominal contents including liver, stomach, and transverse colon with closure of overlying skin was successfully performed on first day of life. The unique findings in the current case could ultimately shed light on the pathophysiology of thoracoschisis and its embryological origins.
Intravesical Therapy for the Treatment of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: We systematically review the benefits and harms of intravesical therapies for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.Materials and Methods: Systematic literature searches were performed of Ovid MEDLINE (January 1990 through February 2016), the Cochrane databases and reference lists. Randomized and quasi-randomized trials of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin, mitomycin C, gemcitabine, thiotepa, valrubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin and interferon vs transurethral bladder tumor resection alone, and head-to-head trials of intravesical therapies were selected. Data were pooled using a random effects model.Results: Overall 39 trials evaluated adjuvant intravesical therapy vs transurethral bladder tumor resection alone. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin was associated with a decreased risk of bladder cancer recurrence (3 trials, RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43–0.71) and progression (4 trials, RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.24–0.64) (strength of evidence low). Mitomycin C, doxorubicin, epirubicin and thiotepa were also associated with a d...
Beyond “Rhetorical Agency”: Skutnik’s Story in the 1982 State of the Union Address

This essay theorizes agency’s relationship to rhetoric around five different kinds of agency: material, discursive, inventional, audience, and textual. I apply this theory to Lenny Skutnik’s rescue of Priscilla Tirado from a plane crash in 1982, primarily as told in President Ronald Reagan’s State of the Union address. More than a simple gimmick, archival records and public documents reveal how this landmark moment in presidential rhetoric was a complex rhetorical episode entangling politics, power, and agency. Ultimately, I offer new insight into the operations of agency and explore how the rhetorical study of agency might foster it.
Temperature-responsive nanogel multilayers of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) for topical drug delivery.

Abstract We report nanothin temperature-responsive hydrogel films of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanoparticles (νPVCL) with remarkably high loading capacity for topical drug delivery. Highly swollen (νPVCL)n multilayer hydrogels, where n denotes the number of nanoparticle layers, are produced by layer-by-layer hydrogen-bonded assembly of core-shell PVCL-co-acrylic acid nanoparticles with linear PVPON followed by cross-linking of the acrylic acid shell with either ethylene diamine (EDA) or adipic acid dihydrazide (AAD). We demonstrate that a (νPVCL)5 film undergoes dramatic and reversible swelling up to 9 times its dry thickness at pH = 7.5, indicating 89 v/v % of water inside the network. These hydrogels exhibit highly reversible ∼3-fold thickness changes with temperature variations from 25 to 50 °C at pH = 5, the average pH of human skin. We also show that a (νPVCL)30 hydrogel loaded with ∼120 µg cm−2 sodium diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for osteoarthritis pain management, provides sustained permeation of this drug through an artificial skin membrane for up to 24 h at 32 °C (the average human skin surface temperature). The cumulative amount of diclofenac transported at 32 °C from the (νPVCL)30 hydrogel after 24 h is 12 times higher than that from the (νPVCL)30 hydrogel at 22 °C. Finally, we demonstrate that the (νPVCL) hydrogels can be used for multiple drug delivery by inclusion of Nile red, fluorescein and DAPI dyes within the νPVCL nanoparticles prior to hydrogel assembly. Using confocal microscopy we observed the presence of separate dye-loaded νPVCL compartments within the hydrogel matrix with all three dyes confined to the nanogel particles without intermixing between the dyes. Our study provides opportunity for development of temperature-responsive multilayer hydrogel coatings made via the assembly of core-shell nanogel particles which can be used for skin-sensitive materials for topical drug delivery.
Loss of the podocyte glucocorticoid receptor exacerbates proteinuria after injury

Nephrotic syndrome is a common disorder in adults and children whose etiology is largely unknown. Glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of therapy in most cases, though their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that immunomodulatory therapies used in nephrotic syndrome directly target the podocytes. To study how steroids directly affect the podocytes in the treatment of proteinuria, we created a mouse model with podocyte-specific deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor. The podocyte-specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) knockout mice had similar renal function and protein excretion compared to wild type. However, after glomerular injury induced by either LPS or nephrotoxic serum, the podocyte GR knockout mice demonstrated worsened proteinuria compared to wild type. Ultrastructural examination of podocytes confirmed more robust foot process effacement in the knockout animals. Expression of several key slit diaphragm protein was down regulated in pGR KO mice. Primary podocytes isolated from wild type and podocyte GR knockout mice showed similar actin stress fiber staining patterns in unstimulated conditions. Yet, when exposed to LPS, GR knockout podocytes demonstrated fewer stress fibers and impaired migration compared to wild type podocytes. We conclude that the podocyte glucocorticoid receptor is important for limiting proteinuria in settings of podocyte injury.
Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens among hospitalized children with community acquired lower respiratory tract infections in Dongguan, China (2011–2016)

Bacterial pathogens are a major cause of childhood community acquired lower respiratory tract infections (CA-LRTIs), and few data described the impact of antimicrobial resistance on children with CA-LRTIs. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial resistance in common bacterial agents among hospitalized children with CA-LRTIs between 2011 and 2016 in Dongguan, China. Sputum samples were collected from hospitalized children (0–5 years old) with CA-LRTIs in Dongguan Children’s Hospital. Bacterial pathogens were detected using traditional culture methods, and disc diffusion tests were used to determine antibiotic resistance. Among the 2360 samples analyzed, 342 (14.5%) were positive for bacterial infection. The most prevalent pathogen was MSSA (2.3%), followed by MRSA (1.5%), E. coli (1.7%), E. coli ESBLs (1.2%), K. pneumonia ESBLs (1.5%), K. pneumonia (1.4%) and S. pneumonia (1.3%). Of the hospitalized patients with bacteria causing of CA-LRTIs, 90.1% were less than 1-year-old. MSSA and MRSA were more commonly isolated in infants less than 3 months. E. coli, K. pneumonia and K. pneumonia ESBLs were more common bacteria causing CA-LRTIs in infants less than 1 month. Resistance levels to penicillins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, cephalosporins, carbapenems and vancomycin varied in different bacteria. S. aureus, E coli and K. pneumonia were the common bacterial isolates recovered from chidren with CA-LTRIs during 2011–2015. Age group of under 1 year old was at a high risk of bacterial infections. Many isolates showed antibiotic resistance level was associated with antibiotic usage in clinic. Increasing surveillance of antibiotic resistance is urgently needed and develops better strategies to cure the antibiotic abuse in China.
Spheres of Influence: A Walzerian Approach to Business Ethics

Michael Walzer is one of the most distinguished political philosophers and social critics of this century. His ideas have had great import and influence in political philosophy and political discus...
A Return to Practice: Practice-Based Studies of Education

This chapter is intended to provoke reflection on the theoretical significance of a return to practice within the field of education. Here, a return to practice implies a reconsideration of the complexity of education in order to stand at a distance from the reductionism of the prevailing version of lifelong learning dominated by the culture of performativity and by a technical-rational interpretation of educational ‘practices’ (Magalhaes and Stoer, Glob Soc Educ 1:41–66, 2003; Edwards et al, Int J Lifelong Educ 21(1):525–536, 2002). Theories of practice(s) in social theory and organisation studies offer an interesting background for such reconsideration (Schatzki et al, The practice turn in contemporary theory. Routledge, London, 2001; Reckwitz, Eur J Soc Theory, 5(2):243–263, 2002; Gherardi, Manage Learn, 40(2):115–128, 2009; Miettinen et al, Organ Stud 30(12):1309–1327, 2010) and solicit renewed investigations into the multifarious aspects of education. This chapter presents an analytical framework with three possible trajectories of reflection and research to highlight the fruitfulness of such a return to practice: the body and sensible knowledge for an aesthetic understanding of learning and knowing, the sociomaterialities of education, and the analysis of local orders of education and training. The chapter finally discusses what is required in this ‘going back’ to practice and how to engage with practice-based studies of education without embracing a conservative view.
Juvenal Satire 15: Cannibals and Culture

Pliny, Tacitus, and Juvenal were all released by the death of Domitian in A.D. 96 and the succession of Nerva, then of Trajan in 98 to embark on their separate careers of public and literary life. While Pliny reflects a happy present time, Tacitus and Juvenal look back on earlier times with disgust and indignation. But that, too, could well imply that, secure with the Trajanic Era, they were seeking more dramatic material for their comfortable audiences. When Trajan died in 117, Juvenal had published two books of poems consisting of what we call Satires 1 to 6. Trajan's successor, Hadrian, was a considerably different man, not only a capable soldier and administrator but a person of culture, widely travelled, fond of architectural experimentation, with a life-style that included both a wife and a handsome Bithynian named Antinous. Life was not so predictable under Hadrian for anybody. Pliny had already died, and Tacitus may not have survived very long into the new reign, but Juvenal was still alive and writing after 127.
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Learning from Experience in Fisheries

Progress in any field depends primarily on our ability to synthesize previous experience – to stand on the shoulders of the giants who have worked before us. In fisheries management we have learned a great deal from past experience, but we have also failed to do so. Most stock assessments use no quantitative information derived from previous experience on other fish stocks, and often fix parameter values at some ‘best’ estimates rather than admit uncertainty in their value. Meta-analysis provides a method to admit the uncertainty in most model parameters while using experience from other populations to provide an estimate of the distribution of the parameter. We demonstrate the application of meta-analysis for the intensity of depensation in spawner–recruit relationships in two species of Pacific salmon, and we discuss the potential of, and limitations to, meta-analysis in fisheries stock assessment.
Life Stressors and Problem Drinking among Older Adults

Research on the prevalence of excessive drinking among persons age 60 and older is reviewed, and the inadequacy of general criteria for operationally defining problem drinking in this population is pointed out. We critically examine the empirical evidence relating life stressors (e.g., death of a spouse) to the onset of problem drinking in older age and, to a lesser extent, to the continuation of drinking problems into the later stages of the life cycle. Potential mediators and moderators of the stress-problem drinking relationship (e.g., personal coping methods and social resources) have generally been ignored in this research. Life stress is probably best viewed as a component of one or more of several combinations of factors that may trigger or perpetuate drinking problems. A comprehensive conceptual framework to guide future research is presented. The use of such a framework should serve to integrate research on problem drinking among older persons with work in the general field of adaptation to life stress.
Constructing dynamic treatment regimes over indefinite time horizons

SUMMARYExisting methods for estimating optimal dynamic treatment regimes are limited to cases where a utility function is optimized over a fixed time period. We develop an estimation procedure for the optimal dynamic treatment regime over an indefinite time period and derive associated large-sample results. The proposed method can be used to estimate the optimal dynamic treatment regime in chronic disease settings. We illustrate this by simulating a dataset corresponding to a cohort of patients with diabetes that mimics the third wave of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and examining the performance of the proposed method in controlling the level of haemoglobin A1c.
How Much is 'Too Much'?: The Role of a Smartphone Addiction Narrative in Individuals' Experience of Use

In a mixed methods study of parents and teens (n=200), 87% (n=174) of participants used language consistent with smartphone addiction narratives when asked about their smartphone feelings and use. Mental health researchers and clinicians do not consistently agree about whether smartphone addiction exists nor what it would look like if it does. Our goal in this study was to explore the patterns of responses that people invoked when talking about the role of smartphones in their lives and the lives of those around them. Responses suggested that both parents and teens are aware of and potentially influenced by a narrative that smartphones are addictive and can lead to negative, though largely undefined, consequences. We examine potential origins of this narrative, including media coverage, and examine the critical need for a deeper examination in the CSCW community of how this narrative could be influencing well-being, sense of self, and sensemaking around smartphone use.
Calvin, Society, and Social Change

ABSTRACT : For Calvin, the whole creation is equally under Gods sovereign will and the institutions of society are not arranged hierarchically but are differentiated according to vocation. Because of this differentiation, Gods calling is not mediated exclusively through one of them, so none can claim sovereignty over the others. They are to be arranged side by side in mutual support of one another, and Gods work is carried out by the free, voluntary obedience by Gods people. This led in turn to a stress on moving politics from being simply an elite occupation to one that is participatory-- the response of human beings who freely submit themselves to God and thus seek to transform the social, economic and political to reflect Gods order. It also led to a covenantal view ofpolitics that helped create modern federalism. KEYWORDS : Althusius, associations, Calvin, federalism, freedom, popular participation, vocation, subsidiarity.
Effects of high intensity speed-based treadmill training on ambulatory function in people with chronic stroke: A preliminary study with long-term follow-up

High intensity treadmill training has shown to be beneficial for stroke survivors, yet the feasibility and long-term effects remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a 4-week high intensity speed-based treadmill training (HISTT) is feasible for chronic stroke survivors, and we examined its effects on ambulatory function, and long-term retention. Sixteen individuals post-stroke participated in 40 minutes of HISTT for four weeks at a frequency of three sessions per week. Gait speed was measured using the 10-meter walk test, endurance was measured using the 6-minute walk test, and quality of life was assessed using the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) at baseline, post-training, and at 3-month follow-up. All participants successfully completed the training without any serious adverse events. Participants significantly increased fastest walking speed by 19%, self-selected walking speed by 18%, and walking endurance by 12% after the training. These improvements were maintained for 3 months after the intervention. Our results indicate that this modified speed-based high intensity walking program has the potential to be a feasible and effective method of gait training for stroke survivors. However, the small sample size and lack of a control group warrant caution in interpretation of results. Further studies are recommended to better understand effectiveness of this protocol in combination with other physical therapy interventions for functional recovery after stroke.
Chapter 8 – Atmosphere Applications

There are many books on atmospheric remote sensing. This chapter revises the clouds shapes, types, and properties and provides a brief review of some of the primary applications of satellite remote sensing of the atmosphere including atmospheric profiling, cloud top temperature, rain rate, atmospheric liquid water, cloud liquid water, and the ground validation using radiosondes and dropsondes.
Adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and isotherm studies for functionalized lanthanide-chelating resins.

Abstract Conventional ion exchange resins are widely utilized to remove metals from aqueous solutions, but their limited selectivity precludes dilute ion extraction. This research investigated the adsorption performance of ligand-functionalized resins towards rare earth elements (REE). Functionalized resin particles were synthesized by grafting different ligands (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride (DTPADA), phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), or N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine (BPG)) onto pre-aminated polymeric adsorbents (diameter ∼ 0.6 mm). Lanthanide uptake trends were evaluated for the functionalized resins using batch adsorption experiments with a mixture of three REEs (Nd, Gd, and Ho at 0.1–1000 mg/L each). Resin physical-chemical properties were determined by measuring their surface area, ligand concentrations, and acidity constants. The aminated supports contained 4.0 mmol/g primary amines, and ligand densities for the functionalized resins were 0.33 mmol/g (PAA), 0.22 mmol/g (BPG), and 0.42 mmol/g (DTPADA). Kinetic studies revealed that the functionalized resins followed pseudo-second order binding kinetics with rates limited by intraparticle diffusion. Capacity estimates for total REE adsorption based on Langmuir qMax were 0.12 mg/g (amine; ≈ 0.77 µmol/g), 5.0 mg/g (PAA; ≈ 32.16 µmol/g), 3.0 mg/g (BPG; ≈ 19.30 µmol/g), and 2.9 mg/g (DTPADA; ≈ 18.65 µmol/g). Attaching ligands to the aminated resins greatly improved their REE binding strength and adsorption efficiency.
Violence and Dispossession at the Intersection of Colonialism and Capitalist Accumulation

Drawing inspiration from the writings of Rosa Luxemburg, this article examines the role of consumer behavior in the growth of capitalism, as well as the roles of violence and accumulation by dispossession at the intersection of colonialism and capitalist accumulation. In her critique of Marx, Luxemburg asked what had created the demand for the goods that fueled capitalist expansion. She also called for more studies of the “real-life” experiences of those who were actors in capitalist economies. This article examines case studies from 12th- to 16th-century Europe and Britain for evidence of consumerism driving economic expansion, and takes a detailed look at the manner in which colonial legal systems contributed to the violence and dispossession experienced by the Nipmuc of Massachusetts and Connecticut. These two forces—consumer behavior and accumulation through dispossession––are presented as critical elements of an emerging political economy that was linked to the growth of capitalism.
P53 Regulates the Redox Status of Lung Endothelial Cells

The anti-inflammatory activities of P53 in the vasculature have been associated with the enhancement of the endothelial barrier function. In the present study, we employed human and bovine lung endothelial cells, to investigate whether P53 expression levels affect the redox status of pulmonary cells. Moreover, we tested the possibility that those events affect the endothelial integrity of the lung microvascular monolayers. Our observations suggest that P53 suppression by LPS, pifithrin, or small interfering RNA increased the expression of the redox marker malondialdehyde. In contrast, P53 induction by Nutlin or the Hsp90 inhibitor AUY922 exerted the opposite effects, namely, suppressed that lipid oxidation marker. The direct measurement of the reactive oxygen species by 2,7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate confirmed the antioxidant activity of P53 in the vasculature. Furthermore, the increased reactive oxygen species production due to P53 suppression was associated with lung hyperpermeability responses. In conclusion, P53 supports endothelial barrier function, at least in part, via the modulation of the reactive oxygen species.
Mental health characteristics of exonerees: a preliminary exploration

The current study provides a preliminary examination of descriptive data on the mental health and sleep problems of exonerees across the United States. Thirteen male exonerees were recruited from I...
Gene editing in dermatology: Harnessing CRISPR for the treatment of cutaneous disease.

The discovery of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system has revolutionized gene editing research. Through the repurposing of programmable RNA-guided CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases, CRISPR-based genome editing systems allow for the precise modification of specific sites in the human genome and inspire novel approaches for the study and treatment of inherited and acquired human diseases. Here, we review how CRISPR technologies have stimulated key advances in dermatologic research. We discuss the role of CRISPR in genome editing for cutaneous disease and highlight studies on the use of CRISPR-Cas technologies for genodermatoses, cutaneous viruses and bacteria, and melanoma. Additionally, we examine key limitations of current CRISPR technologies, including the challenges these limitations pose for the widespread therapeutic application of CRISPR-based therapeutics.
Concluding Remarks by a Physicist

As a physicist, I have been impressed and overwhelmed by the intricacies, complexities, and beauties of the material to which I was exposed. In this short “physical summary”, I will try to organized some of the lessons that I have learned and indicate some of the directions in which I believe further work should move.
Identification of Structurally Related Antibodies in Antibody Sequence Databases Using Rosetta-Derived Position-Specific Scoring

The amount of antibody (Ab) variable gene sequence information is expanding rapidly, but our ability to predict the function of Abs from sequence alone is limited. Here, we describe a sequence-to-function prediction method that couples structural data for a single Ab/antigen (Ag) complex with repertoire data. We used a position-specific structure-scoring matrix (P3SM) incorporating structure-prediction scores from Rosetta to identify Ab variable loops that have predicted structural similarity to the influenza virus-specific human Ab CH65. The P3SM approach identified new members of this Ab class. Recombinant Ab expression, crystallography, and virus inhibition assays showed that the HCDR3 loops of the newly identified Abs possessed similar structure and antiviral activity as the comparator CH65. This approach enables discovery of new human Abs with desired structure and function using cDNA repertoires that are obtained readily with current amplicon sequencing techniques.
Outlier-robust sparse/low-rank least-squares regression and robust matrix completion

We study high-dimensional least-squares regression within a subgaussian statistical learning framework with heterogeneous noise. It includes $s$-sparse and $r$-low-rank least-squares regression when a fraction $\epsilon$ of the labels are adversarially contaminated. We also present a novel theory of trace-regression with matrix decomposition based on a new application of the product process. For these problems, we show novel near-optimal "subgaussian" estimation rates of the form $r(n,d_{e})+\sqrt{\log(1/\delta)/n}+\epsilon\log(1/\epsilon)$, valid with probability at least $1-\delta$. Here, $r(n,d_{e})$ is the optimal uncontaminated rate as a function of the effective dimension $d_{e}$ but independent of the failure probability $\delta$. These rates are valid uniformly on $\delta$, i.e., the estimators' tuning do not depend on $\delta$. Lastly, we consider noisy robust matrix completion with non-uniform sampling. If only the low-rank matrix is of interest, we present a novel near-optimal rate that is independent of the corruption level $a$. Our estimators are tractable and based on a new "sorted" Huber-type loss. No information on $(s,r,\epsilon,a,\delta)$ are needed to tune these estimators. Our analysis makes use of novel $\delta$-optimal concentration inequalities for the multiplier and product processes which could be useful elsewhere. For instance, they imply novel sharp oracle inequalities for Lasso and Slope with optimal dependence on $\delta$. Numerical simulations confirm our theoretical predictions. In particular, "sorted" Huber regression can outperform classical Huber regression.
Morpheme-specific Phonology in Reduplication

This paper examines two case studies of morpheme-specific reduplication that copy from a syntactic domain larger than a root but smaller than a word, providing an analysis in Cophonologies by Phase (CBP) of both morpheme-specific phonotactic requirements in different reduplication processes and of the amount of structure copied in reduplication. The first case study comes from Guebie (Kru, Ivory Coast), where reduplication marks both nominalization and reciprocals (among others). In both morphosyntactic environments, reduplication copies the verb plus valency-changing affixes, but the reduplicants are subject to different sets of phonotactic restrictions. The second case study comes from Kinande (Bantu, Democratic Republic of Congo) where there is reduplication of nouns as well as verbs. Nominal and verbal reduplication both involve a two-syllable reduplicant that copies from the root plus some--but not all--affixes, and both are subject to a morpheme integrity constraint. However, the two reduplication processes differ in whether they are prefixing or suffixing, whether they copy from right-to-left or left-to-right, and in which repair to the morpheme integrity constraint is preferred. While other frameworks such as traditional Cophonology Theory, Stratal OT, or Indexed Constraints could also account for the morpheme-specific phonological behavior of reduplicants, CBP has the added benefit of straightforwardly accounting for the amount of structure that serves as the base of reduplication in each case. This paper contributes to the growing literature on morphophonological interactions that can be accounted for within CBP.
Poly (ADP-ribose) Interacts With Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in Post Mortem PD Samples

Poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) is a negatively charged polymer that is biosynthesized by Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and regulates various cellular processes. Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that has been directly implicated with driving the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms by which α-synuclein (αSyn) elicits its neurotoxic effects remain unclear, though it is well established that the main components of Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) in PD patients are aggregated hyperphosphorylated (S129) forms of αSyn (pαSyn). In the present study, we used immunofluorescence-based assays to explore if PARP-1 enzymatic product (PAR) promotes the aberrant cytoplasmic accumulation of pαSyn. We also performed quantitative measurements using in situ proximity ligation assays (PLA) on a transgenic murine model of α-synucleinopathy (M83-SNCA∗A53T) and post mortem PD/PDD patient samples to characterize PAR-pαSyn interactions. Additionally, we used bioinformatic approaches and site-directed mutagenesis to identify PAR-binding regions on αSyn. In summary, our studies show that PAR-pαSyn interactions are predominantly observed in PD-relevant transgenic murine models of αSyn pathology and post mortem PD/PDD patient samples. Moreover, we confirm that the interactions between PAR and αSyn involve electrostatic forces between negatively charged PAR and lysine residues on the N-terminal region of αSyn.
Chapter 6 – Performance

Publisher Summary This chapter describes techniques to avoid or hide performance bottlenecks. It presents ways to identify bottlenecks and the general approaches to handle them, including exploiting workload properties, concurrent execution of operations, speculation, and batching. It examines specific versions of the general techniques to attack the common problem of implementing multilevel memory systems efficiently. Further it presents scheduling algorithms for services to choose which request to process first, if there are several waiting for service. Performance bottlenecks show up in computer systems for two reasons. First, limits imposed by physics, technology, or economics restrict the rate of improvement in some dimensions of technology, while other dimensions improve rapidly. An obvious class of limits is the physical ones. The speed of light limits how fast signals travel from one end of a chip to the other, how many memory elements can be within a given latency from the processor, and how fast a network message can travel in the Internet.
Slavery and the Demographic and Economic History of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1720-1888

List of illustrations List of tables Preface Acknowledgments Maps 1. The mining-driven economy and its demise: from settlement to 1808 2. Economic transformations, 1808-88 3. Demographic rhythms from settlement to the census of 1872 4. Demographic aspects of slavery, 1720-1888 5. Economic aspects of slavery, 1720-1888 6. Conclusions Appendixes Glossary Bibliography Index.
Familial Benign Hypercalcemia (Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia): Clinical and Pathogenetic Studies in 21 Families

Familial benign hypercalcemia (hypocalciuric hypercalcemia) was diagnosed in 125 members of 21 families. The syndrome was generally characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of symptomless, nonprogressive hypercalcemia with normal serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations, parathyroid glands that had normal gross and histologic features, relatively low urinary excretion of calcium, and failure to achieve normocalcemia after subtotal parathyroidectomy. Affected persons had normal longevity and no discernible increase in other medical problems except gallstones. The parathyroid glands were not seen using high-resolution ultrasonography. Plasma calcitonin and calcitriol levels were normal or low. Skeletal mass was normal as assessed by photon absorptiometry of the radius and lumbar spine, and fractures were not more frequent. Familial benign hypercalcemia or hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is a distinctive heritable syndrome that should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic hypercalcemia.
Cable Ownership Rules: A Bargaining Theory Approach

The Federal Communications Commission exercises broad regulatory authority over merger activity in the cable broadcast industry. In previous rule-makings and court proceedings, the Commission has emphasized concern about the potential for collusive behavior among cable operators in considering merger applications and horizontal ownership limits. Recent court rulings direct the Commission to develop plausible alternative economic approaches, and we explore one such alternative approach, specifically bargaining theory. We suggest that bargaining theory may offer greater insights than the collusion hypothesis for guiding policy-makers in constructing appropriate ownership limits.
Morgellons: contested illness, diagnostic compromise and medicalisation.

The case of Morgellons illustrates how the emergence of a new medically contested illness intersected with and impacted on the diagnostic processes of an existing uncontested psychiatric condition, Delusional Parasitosis (DP). More specifically, the sociopolitical processes at play in the contested illness, Morgellons, dubiously reflect patient empowerment, as well the resilience and power of medical jurisdiction. This research offers insights into the contested illness and medicalisation literatures, and aims to bridge these two approaches towards the relationship between patient empowerment and medical authority, which I do through the notion of doctor-patient compromise. The data for this research come from a comprehensive qualitative analysis of Morgellons discourse through four key sources: the pro-Morgellons website Morgellons.org; the anti-Morgellons website Morgellonswatch.com; the popular media’s portrayal of Morgellons; and the DP and Morgellons articles published in peer-reviewed medical journals, as made available on PubMed.
Load-sensitive transmission power control in wireless ad-hoc networks

Transmission power control in ad-hoc networks has hitherto been used only for achieving connectivity of networks. It has been implicitly assumed that the optimal throughput performance in ad-hoc networks can be achieved when using the minimum transmission power required to keep the network connected. However, in this paper we argue that such an assumption remains valid only under high node densities, which is not the characteristic of typical ad-hoc networks. Using both throughput and throughput per unit energy as the optimization criteria, we demonstrate that the optimal transmission power depends on several network characteristics such as the number of stations, the network grid area, and the traffic load. In particular, we show that the optimal power is a function of the network load for typical network scenarios. Finally, we propose two transmission power control algorithms called common power control (CPC), and independent power control (IPC) that adjust the transmission power adaptively, based on the network conditions to optimize throughput performance. Simulation results show that both adaptive power control algorithms achieve better throughput per unit energy than constant power control.
Performance evaluation of the networks of workstations for parallel processing applications

The computing power of the local area network (LAN) has been explored for distributed task execution. An application program represented in a task graph format is scheduled by the user workstation (master) for parallel execution in the idle or lightly loaded processors (slaves) in a LAN. The performance of this operation is characterized by the network speedup considering scheduling time, network load and size, communication time, TCP/IP communication overhead, task execution, and synchronization time. The sequential and parallel execution times and the performance degradation factors were measured during the implementation for various network loads. The measurement and theoretical results have shown that the system performance is degraded mostly by the heavily loaded nodes, the TCP/IP overhead (0.2 s), and the network size. >
Importance of p12 protein in Mason-Pfizer monkey virus assembly and infectivity.

Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) represents the prototype type D retrovirus, characterized by the assembly of intracytoplasmic A-type particles within the infected-cell cytoplasm. These immature particles migrate to the plasma membrane, where they are released by budding. The gag gene of M-PMV encodes a novel protein, p12, just 59 of the major capsid protein (CA) p27 on the polyprotein precursor. The function of p12 is not known, but an equivalent protein is found in mouse mammary tumor virus and is absent from the type C retroviruses. In order to determine whether the p12 protein plays a role in the intracytoplasmic assembly of capsids, a series of in-frame deletion mutations were constructed in the p12 coding domain. The mutant gag genes were expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus-T7 polymerase-based system in CV-1 cells or in the context of the viral genome in COS-1 cells. In both of these high-level expression systems, mutant Gag precursors were competent to assemble but were not infectious. In contrast, when stable transfectant HeLa cell lines were established, assembly of the mutant precursors into capsids was drastically reduced. Instead, the polyprotein precursors remained predominantly soluble in the cytoplasm. These results show that while p12 is not required for the intracytoplasmic assembly of M-PMV capsids, under the conditions of low-level protein biosynthesis seen in virus-infected cells, it may assist in the stable association of polyprotein precursors for capsid assembly. Moreover, the presence of the p12 coding domain is absolutely required for the infectivity of M-PMV virions. Images
Production of Higher Alcohols During Indonesian Tapé Ketan Fermentation

A study was made of the higher alcohols (fusel oils) produced during the Indonesian tape ketan fermentation using Amylomyces rouxii as the principal mold, alone or in combination with yeasts belonging to genera commonly found in the tape ketan fermentation (Endomycopsis, Candida, and Hansenula). Total fusel oils increased with length of fermentation. Fusel oils detected in the product distillate included isobutanol and isoamyl and active amyl alcohols. No n-propanol was detected. Isobutanol and isoamyl alcohols were formed in the largest amounts. A. rouxii alone produced nearly the same quantity of fusel oils (total production, 275 mg/liter at 192 h) as it did in combination with Endomycopsis burtonii (total production, 292 mg/liter at 192 h).A. rouxii and Endomycopsis fibuliger produced fusel oils totaling 72 mg/liter at 32 h and 558 mg/liter at 192 h. A. rouxii in combination with Candida yeasts produced somewhat more fusel oils, ranging from 590 to 618 mg/liter at 192 h. A. rouxii in combination with Hansenula yeasts produced the least fusel oils, totaling 143 to 248 mg/liter at 192 h. During the first 36 h, production of fusel oils was higher at 30 and 35°C than at 25°C. At 48 h fusel oil production was slightly higher at 30°C than at 35°C. Beyond 48 h, production of fusel oils was higher at 25°C. A. rouxii in combination with Hansenula anomala and Hansenula subpelliculosa produced considerable ethyl acetate, ranging from 145 to 199 mg/liter at 36 h and 354 to 369 mg/liter at 192 h.
FDA's Review of Scientific Evidence for Health Claims

Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act health claims on foods or dietary supplements must be authorized by the FDA. Health claims describe the relationship between a food, food component, or dietary supplement and reducing the risk of a disease or health-related condition. Under interim guidance and enforcement discretion, certain qualified health claims have been provided for on foods and dietary supplements; these claims contain language to qualify the quality and strength of scientific evidence to support the claim because they are not based on significant scientific agreement, which is the standard for health claims authorized by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. In order to meet its statutory responsibility for evaluation of health claims, the agency has developed guidelines for review of scientific evidence in support of a health claim.
On Making the Same Choice Eternally: A Reply to Davis

In this brief reply to Stephen Davis, I argue that Davis’s separationist position, wherein those who remain eternally apart from God do so by choice, is internally contradictory in that it leads to universalism.
The Randomized Response Technique and Large Sample Tests Concerning the Parameters of a Multinomial Distribution

Liu and Chow (1976) proposed a multi-proportions extension of Warner's (1965) randomized response technique. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the multi-proportions model and to suggest a statistical procedure, whereby one can test hypotheses concerning such proportions. A hypothetical example is also included for illustrative purposes.
Hospitality Financial Management Robert E. Chatfield and Michael C. Dalbor

(2005). Hospitality Financial Management Robert E. Chatfield and Michael C. Dalbor. The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 119-122.
Stationary values of the ratio of quadratic forms subject to linear constraints

Let A be a real symmetric matrix of order n, B a real symmetric positive definite matrix of order n, and C an n$\times$p matrix of rank r with r $\leq$ p > n. We wish to determine vectors $\underset ~\to x$ for which ${\underset ~\to x}^T\ A\underset ~\to x\ / {\underset ~\to x}^T\ B\underset ~\to x$ is stationary and $C^T \underset ~\to x\ = \underset ~\to \Theta$, the null vector. An algorithm is given for generating a symmetric eigensystem whose eigenvalues are the stationary values and for determining the vectors $\underset ~\to x$. Several Algol procedures are included.
Comparison of the four rod theories of longitudinally vibrating rods

Dynamics of a longitudinally vibrating rod are analyzed from a wave standpoint, in which the motion of the rod is described in terms of waves that propagate through the uniform rod and are reflecte...
Isomeric DNA ladder formation of a plasmid encoding tobramycin resistance from Escherichia coli

During a 20-month survey of resistance to three aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin) in Escherichia coli at a university hospital, six tobramycin-, kanamycin-resistant isolates containing a 50 kilobase conjugative R-plasmid which encoded an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH-(3')) were isolated. The APH-(3') conferred resistance to kanamycin (MIC = 100 mg/L) but not to tobramycin (MIC = 20 mg/L). In both the original isolates and transconjugants the six R-plasmids demonstrated an isomeric ladder in the range of 50-112 kb, which was enhanced by exposure of the bacterial cultures to tobramycin. pJFJ2522 is the prototype for this group of plasmids. Bacterial DNA gyrase reversed the isomeric DNA ladder in pJFJ25222 by increasing the supercoiling of the plasmid DNA. Regardless of the level of supercoiling, the plasmids produced indistinguishable restriction endonuclease fragment patterns. The clinical isolates containing these plasmids demonstrated different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of their EcoRI digested genomic DNA using E. coli rRNA as a probe. Ladder formation was plasmid specific since other tobramycin R-plasmids did not form a ladder, but it was not host specific. pJFJ25222 formed a ladder in a recA- host and displayed the same restriction pattern in a recA- as in a recA+ environment. In conclusion, pJFJ2522 contains a new tobramycin resistance gene whose mechanism of resistance is not known and whose product probably influences the isomerization of the plasmid.
Estimating the accuracy of screening mammography: a meta-analysis.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the accuracy of mammographic screening. Design: A meta-analysis of published literature. Data Sources: Published English-language randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and demonstration projects involving screening mammography were identified using recent review articles. We found additional references using MEDLINE searches combining the MeSH terms "mammography," "screening," and/or study authors and locations. Study Selection: We included all studies that provided information to calculate the true-positive rate (TPR) and the false-positive rate (FPR) for breast cancer screening. Data Extraction: Reported data were reviewed independently by the authors; calculations were compared and discrepancies resolved. We calculated the sensitivity as the number of breast cancers detected during the first round of screening (true positives) divided by the sum of the true positives and the false negatives (defined as cancer discovered within 1 year of screening). False-positives were determined by biopsy. Data Synthesis: TPR and FPR values from each study were plotted in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) space. Tests of homogeneity were performed to assess the validity of using summary ROC curves or a single point to summarize the data. The reported TPR and FPR of mammography ranged from 83% to 95% and 0.9% to 6.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of mammography is higher in women over the age of 50 years. Conclusions: The accuracy of mammography should be recognized and included in discussions about policies for screening for breast cancer. This meta-analysis, by quantifying the expected TPR/FPR, should assist program planners, physicians, and women to understand better the cost and clinical implications of such screening programs.