cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
All-solid-state Continuous-wave Doubly Resonant Allintracavity Sum-frequency Mixing Orange Laser at 613nm

A all solid-state continuous-wave orange laser at 613nm is firstly reported,1444nm wavelength is obtained from 4F3/24I13/2 transition in Nd∶YAG and 1064nm wavelength is obtained from 4F3/2-4I11/2 transition in Nd∶YVO4. Orange laser at 613nm is obtained by using a doubly folded-cavity,type-II critical phase matching KTP crystal intracavity sum frequency mixing by 1444nm and 1064nm,with incident pumped power of 20W in Nd∶YAG and 10W in Nd∶YVO4,TEM00 mode orange laser at 613nm of 344mW is obtained at last.The power stability in 4h is better than ±2.8%.
Chronic Stress is Prospectively Associated with Sleep in Midlife Women: The SWAN Sleep Study.

Study objectives Evaluate whether levels of upsetting life events measured over a 9-y period prospectively predict subjective and objective sleep outcomes in midlife women. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Four sites across the United States. Participants 330 women (46-57 y of age) enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Sleep Study. Interventions N/A. Measurements and results Upsetting life events were assessed annually for up to 9 y. Trajectory analysis applied to life events data quantitatively identified three distinct chronic stress groups: low stress, moderate stress, and high stress. Sleep was assessed by self-report and in-home polysomnography (PSG) during the ninth year of the study. Multivariate analyses tested the prospective association between chronic stress group and sleep, adjusting for race, baseline sleep complaints, marital status, body mass index, symptoms of depression, and acute life events at the time of the Sleep Study. Women characterized by high chronic stress had lower subjective sleep quality, were more likely to report insomnia, and exhibited increased PSG-assessed wake after sleep onset (WASO) relative to women with low to moderate chronic stress profiles. The effect of chronic stress group on WASO persisted in the subsample of participants without baseline sleep complaints. Conclusions Chronic stress is prospectively associated with sleep disturbance in midlife women, even after adjusting for acute stressors at the time of the sleep study and other factors known to disrupt sleep. These results are consistent with current models of stress that emphasize the cumulative effect of stressors on health over time.
Beamforming for Phased Array Antennas by Optical Means

Phased array beamforming requires the adjustment of both amplitude taper (primarily for side-lobe level control) and phase taper (for main beam coverage control) across a given antenna aperture. Such tapering is generally implemented by employing phase shifters and attenuators (or amplifiers) behind the individual radiating elements. Recently developed photosensitive microwave PIN diodes have opened up the possibility of realizing such circuits which can be controlled by optical rather than by electrical means. The implications of optical signalling (by fiberoptics) include reduced weight (as compared to copper conductors) and immunity from EMI/EMP effects, both of which are priority items in air- and spaceborne applications. The new microwave PIN diodes are applied in the analysis and design of beamform control circuits for phased array antennas. The diodes are characterized and applied in the design of an optically controlled reflective phase shifter.
Survival of Bacteria in Food Cooked by Microwave Oven, Conventional Oven and Slow Cookers 1.

To assess the destructive effect of different cookery methods on bacteria, strains of Escherichia coli , Clostridium perfringens , Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus were used to inoculate a meatloaf preparation. After inoculation, a sample was withdrawn for bacterial analysis and the remainder of the meatloaf was divided and cooked by microwave oven, conventional oven and slow cooker. The temperature of the meatloaf was recorded at various locations immediately after cooking to obtain minimum, maximum and mean temperatures for each loaf. Also, just after cooking, representative samples were taken and analyzed by conventional means for the specific bacteria and for total bacterial content. Survival percentages were calculated and plotted against temperature for each cooking method. Temperature variation within the loaf was greatest for those cooked with microwaves and smallest for those cooked by the slow method. For each bacterial strain and the total count, the destructive effect of cooking method was not different at the 0.05 level of significance.
Comparison of head impact location during games and practices in Division III men's lacrosse players.

Abstract Background Head impacts have been studied extensively in football, but little similar research has been conducted in men's lacrosse. It is important to understand the location and magnitude of head impacts during men's lacrosse to recognize the risk of head injury. Methods Descriptive epidemiology study set on collegiate lacrosse fields. Eleven men's lacrosse players (age=20.9±1.13years, mass=83.91±9.04kg, height=179.88±5.99cm) volunteered to participate. We applied X2 sensors behind the right ear of participants for games and practices. Sensors recorded data on linear and rotational accelerations and the location of head impacts. We calculated incidence rates per 1000 exposures with 95% confidence intervals for impact locations and compared the effect of impact location on linear and rotational accelerations with Kruskal-Wallis tests. Findings We verified 167 head impacts (games=112; practices=55). During games, the incidence rate was 651.16 (95% confidence interval=530.57–771.76). The high and low incidence rates for head impact locations during games were: side=410.7 (95% confidence interval=292.02–529.41) and top=26.79 (95% confidence interval=3.53–57.10). For games and practices combined, the impact locations did not significantly affect linear ( χ 2 3 =6.69, P =0.08) or rotational acceleration ( χ 2 3 =6.34, P =0.10). Interpretation We suggest further research into the location of head impacts during games and practices. We also suggest player and coach education on head impacts as well as behavior modification in men's lacrosse athletes to reduce the incidence of impacts to the side of the head in an effort to reduce potential injury.
Antithrombotic therapy for patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI

Antithrombotic therapy, including antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents, is the cornerstone of pharmacological treatment to optimize clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Intravenous anticoagulant drugs available for PPCI include the indirect thrombin inhibitors unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin, and the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin. Intravenous antiplatelet drugs mainly include glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and the P2Y12-receptor inhibitor cangrelor. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and an oral P2Y12-receptor inhibitor is pivotal for the acute and long-term treatment of patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. Prasugrel and ticagrelor provide a more prompt, potent, and predictable antiplatelet effect compared with clopidogrel, which translates into better clinical outcomes. Therefore, these agents are the first-line treatment in PPCI. However, patients can still experience adverse ischaemic events, which might be in part attributed to alternative pathways triggering thrombosis. Thrombin has an important role, suggesting the need for strategies directly targeting circulating thrombin or other factors of the coagulation cascade, such as oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban), and the thrombin receptor on the platelet membrane (vorapaxar). In this Review, we provide an overview of currently available antithrombotic therapies used in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI, results from pivotal clinical trials and their implications for guidelines, as well as recommendations for clinical practice.
Outcomes That Matter to Teens With Type 1 Diabetes.

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to describe outcomes that matter to teens with type 1 diabetes. Understanding outcomes that matter to teens could support successful interventions to improve diabetes self-management.MethodsFifty publicly available posts published in the “teen” sections of 2 major diabetes online forums between 2011 and 2013 were analyzed using qualitative research methods. From each post, content and descriptive data (eg, duration of diabetes and age) were collected. Two members of the research team independently used open coding techniques to identify outcomes (defined as impacts or consequences of type 1 diabetes) and organized them into themes and subthemes. A codebook was jointly developed to facilitate the identification of meaningful outcomes from the posts.ResultsTeens’ average age was 15.7 years, and the average time since diabetes diagnosis was 6.3 years. The 3 most commonly mentioned outcomes were (1) interactions with peers (“I want to talk to someone who understands”), (2) ...
Quality, clinician and information technology (IT) partnership for metric reporting.

128Background: Reporting of physician defined quality metrics, using manual data abstraction, is labor intensive and not always timely. We developed a multidisciplinary team to develop a metric reporting system. Methods: The Senior Quality Consultant (SQC) partnered with the Research Data Analyst using data extracted from the electronic data warehouse, Bone Marrow Transplant Registry, Cancer Registry, Aria (Varian, Palo Alto) and Epic (Verona, WI) and the Social Security Death index. The Plan, Do, Check Act model was used to guide the team. Results: Fourteen metrics were developed in a seven-month period. Sample of metrics: Blood Marrow Transplant patient referral to Survivorship by Day 100; Genetic counseling referral for ovarian cancer; Cytogenetic testing of acute leukemia, myeloma; Chemotherapy in the last two weeks of life; Hospice enrollment at death; > 10 radiation fractions for bone metastases palliation. Conclusions: The PDCA model created a shared framework for metric development. Standard defin...
Improving on-time surgical starts: the impact of implementing pre-OR timeouts and performance pay.

Abstract Background Operating room (OR) time is expensive. Underutilized OR time negatively impacts efficiency and is an unnecessary cost for hospitals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a pre-OR timeout and performance pay incentive on the frequency of on-time, first surgical starts. Methods At a single Veterans Affairs Medical Center, we implemented a pre-OR timeout in the form of a safety-briefing checklist and a modest performance pay incentive for on-time starts (>90% compliance) for attending surgeons. Data were collected on all first-start cases beginning before implementation in 2008 and continued through 2015. Results Each year, an average of 960 first starts occurred across nine surgical divisions. Before implementation of either the timeout or pay incentive, only 15% of cases started on time, and by 2015, greater than 72% were on time (P 60 min were not significant (P = 0.31; P = 0.81). Assuming a loss of 7 min per case for delays Conclusions Implementation of a pre-OR timeout and performance pay for on-time starts significantly improves OR utilization and reduces unnecessary costs.
Strong catalytic activity of iron nanoparticles on the surfaces of reduced olivine

Abstract It is demonstrated that olivine powders heated to subsolidus temperatures in reducing conditions can develop significant concentrations of 10–50 nm diameter Fe nanoparticles on grain surfaces and that these display strong catalytic activity not observed in powders without Fe nanoparticles. Reduced surfaces were exposed to NH 3 , CO, and H 2 , volatiles that may be present on the surfaces of comet and volatile-rich asteroids. In the case of NH 3 exposure, rapid decomposition was observed. When exposed to a mixture of CO and H 2 , significant coking of the mineral surfaces occurred. Analysis of the mineral grains after reaction indicated primarily the presence of graphene or graphitic carbon. The results demonstrate that strong chemical activity can be expected at powders that contain nanophase Fe particles. This suggests space-weathered mineral surfaces may play an important role in the synthesis and processing of organic species. This processing may be part of the weathering processes of volatile-rich but atmosphereless solar-system bodies.
Regulation of the TRAIL receptor DR5 expression by the transcription repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1)

6032 TRAIL is a member of the TNF-α superfamily and has been shown to be selectively cytotoxic to sensitive tumor cells. However, most tumors are resistant to TRAIL and need to be sensitized to undergo apoptosis. We have recently reported that TRAIL-resistant human prostate carcinoma (CaP) cell lines can be sensitized by various NF-κB inhibitors (e.g. NO donor DETANONOate) (Huerta-Yepez et al., Oncogene, 23: 4993, 2004), and sensitization correlated with upregulation of DR5 expression. We hypothesized that a gene product(s) regulated by NF-κB with DR5 repressor activity may be responsible for the DR5 regulation. The transcription repressor Yin-Yang 1 (YY1), under the regulation of NF-κB (NF-κB has a putative DNA-binding site (-804 to -794 bp)), was investigated. Treatment of CaP PC-3 cells with DETANONOate resulted in significant upregulation of DR5 expression as determined by flow, RT-PCR and western. Further, treatment of PC-3 cells with DETANONOate inhibited both NF-κB and YY1 DNA-binding activity and DETANONOate also inhibited YY1 expression. Treatment of PC-3 cells with YY1 siRNA resulted in upregulation of DR5 expression and sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To examine directly the role of YY1 in the regulation of DR5 expression, a DR5 luciferase reporter system (pDR5) was used. Two constructs were generated, namely the pDR5/-605 construct with a deletion in the promoter region containing the putative YY1 DNA-binding region (-1224 to -605) and a construct pDR5-YY1 with a mutation of the YY1 DNA-binding site. Transfection of PC-3 cells with these two constructs resulted in significant (3-fold) augmentation of luciferase activity over baseline suggesting the repressor activity of YY1. Altogether, the present findings demonstrate that NF-κB-mediated downregulation of DR5 expression is, achieved in part, through the transcription repressor YY1 that negatively regulates DR5 transcription and expression and hence, YY1 regulates resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus, inhibition of either NF-κB or YY1 results in the upregulation of DR5 expression and sensitization of tumor cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that inhibitors of YY1 expression and/or activity may be useful in the treatment of TRAIL-resistant tumor cells when used in combination with TRAIL or TRAIL agonist antibodies. This work was supported in part by the DOD (DAMD 17-02-1-0023), the UCLA SPORE in Prostate Cancer, by Fogarty Fellowship (S.H.; D43 TW00013-14), by the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.V.), and by the IMSS (S.H.).
Do psoas muscle area and volume correlate with postoperative complications in patients undergoing rectal cancer resection

Abstract Background Increasingly, patients with multiple co-morbidities undergo surgery for rectal cancer. We aimed to evaluate if decreased psoas muscle area and volume, as measures for sarcopenia, were associated with postoperative morbidity. Methods Retrospective review of patients undergoing rectal cancer resection at a tertiary medical center (2007–2015). Variables included demographics, co-morbidities, preoperative psoas muscle area and volume, and postoperative complications. Results Among 180 patients (58% male, mean age 62.7 years), 44% experienced complications (n = 79), of which 38% (n = 30) were major complications. Malnourished patients had smaller height-adjusted total psoas area than non-malnourished patients (6.4 vs. 9.5 cm2/m2, p = 0.004). Among patients with imaging obtained within 90 days of surgery, major morbidity was associated with smaller total psoas area (6.7 vs. 10.5 cm2/m2, p = 0.04) and total psoas volume (26.7 vs. 42.2 cm3/m2, p = 0.04) compared to those with minor complications. Conclusion Preoperative cross-sectional imaging may help surgeons anticipate postoperative complications following rectal cancer surgery.
Crisis de identidad del juicio penal

There are many countries in Latin America whose criminal justice systems are structured in such a way that does not allow a jurisdictional trial in a significant number of criminal cases. In these systems, prevail a set of early or alternative procedures, in which the accused and the victim have little or any participation at all, of, or do not meet in disregard of the characteristics and standards of a contradictory process Despite dismissing the right to a prior proceeding, the State must ensure that those early or alternative departures meet the standards of due process, thus observing those cases in which relevant legal principles could be affected – equality of arms, the right to be heard, the right to present evidence and the right not to testify against oneself. By neglecting these rights, the State fails to fulfill its duty to guarantee the constitutional right to effective judicial protection.
CloudAV: N-version antivirus in the network cloud

Antivirus software is one of the most widely used tools for detecting and stopping malicious and unwanted files. However, the long term effectiveness of traditional host-based antivirus is questionable. Antivirus software fails to detect many modern threats and its increasing complexity has resulted in vulnerabilities that are being exploited by malware. This paper advocates a new model for malware detection on end hosts based on providing antivirus as an in-cloud network service. This model enables identification of malicious and unwanted software by multiple, heterogeneous detection engines in parallel, a technique we term 'N-version protection'. This approach provides several important benefits including better detection of malicious software, enhanced forensics capabilities, retrospective detection, and improved deployability and management. To explore this idea we construct and deploy a production quality in-cloud antivirus system called CloudAV. CloudAV includes a lightweight, cross-platform host agent and a network service with ten antivirus engines and two behavioral detection engines. We evaluate the performance, scalability, and efficacy of the system using data from a real-world deployment lasting more than six months and a database of 7220 malware samples covering a one year period. Using this dataset we find that CloudAV provides 35% better detection coverage against recent threats compared to a single antivirus engine and a 98% detection rate across the full dataset. We show that the average length of time to detect new threats by an antivirus engine is 48 days and that retrospective detection can greatly minimize the impact of this delay. Finally, we relate two case studies demonstrating how the forensics capabilities of CloudAV were used by operators during the deployment.
Convergence Acceleration Algorithms

For practical three dimensional problems, direct solvers are not feasible (for some time to come), and one must resort to iterative methods. Techniques to reduce the number of iterations and the work required to obtain accurate solutions have always been in demand. Recent developments of modified and new techniques suitable for parallel computations are still in progress. The papers in this session present the state of the art and offer recommendations for future research directions in this important field.
Transformation of N,N-Dimethylaniline N-Oxides into Diverse Tetrahydroquinoline Scaffolds via Formal Povarov Reactions

A one-pot protocol for the assembly of diversely functionalized tetrahydro-, hexahydrofuro-, hexahydropyrano-, and tetrahydrobenzofuroquinolines from N, N-dimethylaniline N-oxides and various electron-rich olefins in a tandem Polonovski-Povarov sequence is reported. Following activation of the N-O bond with Boc2O, an exocyclic iminium ion is unveiled upon exposure to tin(IV) chloride. A formal inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder cyclization generates the tetrahydroquinoline core of 29 examples in up to 92% yield.
Trends in Post-Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Perforation and Mortality from 2000 to 2012: A Nationwide Study.

Background/aims Recent trends in complications following inpatient therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) remain poorly defined. We studied trends of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage, perforation, and mortality following inpatient therapeutic ERCPs from 2000 to 2012 with the hypothesis that ERCPs would have down trending complication rates. Methods First, we isolated therapeutic ERCPs in patients 18 years or older using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition in the 2000 to 2012 National Inpatient Sample databases. Procedures complicated by hemorrhage, perforation, and mortality were identified. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to calculate trends in complication rates and secondary variables, including hospital and patient demographics. Time series regressions were then built for each complication to assess for trends from 2000 to 2012. Results The mortality rate decreased from 1.77 to 1.24%, a trend that was confirmed by time series regression. Perforation rates increased from 0.07 to 0.10% for therapeutic ERCPs. However, time series regression did not show a significant trend. GI hemorrhage rates increased from 1.36 to 1.57% and this uptrend was confirmed by our time series regression. Conclusion Therapeutic ERCPs have become safer, as demonstrated by a down trending mortality rate. Over the same time, GI hemorrhage rates trended upwards, while no change was noted in perforation rates.
Chloroplasts as mediators of plant biotic interactions over short and long distances

In nature, plants interact with numerous other organisms. Some interactions benefit both the plant and the other organism(s), while others lead to disease or even death of the plant hosts. The traditional focus of research into plant biotic interactions has been on the negative effects on plants and the strategies plants use to mitigate or prevent these. Over the last several years there has been increasing appreciation for the diversity and importance of plant biotic interactions in plant success as well as the evolution and stabilization of ecosystems. With this new perspective, it is also becoming clear that the metabolic output of chloroplasts in plants is critical to establishing and maintaining these interactions. Here we highlight the roles of chloroplasts in diverse biotic interactions. Photosynthetic chloroplasts are the source of hormones, small molecules and a prodigious number of secondary metabolites, a significant portion of which influence plant biotic interactions. Importantly, the effects of chloroplasts on these interactions are not limited to sites of direct association or contact but also act at a distance in systemic leaves and roots, in the rhizosphere, in the air surrounding a plant and in neighboring plants, and they can persist over several years.
Markets as Systems

In the first few chapters of this book we presented the fundamental question modern economics was created to answer: can the awesome power unleashed by the industrial revolution be left to the push and pull of the marketplace, or does it need to be steered by the conscious intervention of government or some other institution acting on behalf of society? Adam Smith thought that markets could do most of the job on their own, and subsequent generations of economists have struggled to identify the precise conditions under which Smith’s Invisible Hand could be expected to function. Much of what they discovered has been summarized in the Market Welfare Model and the many adjustments and caveats we have examined in our tour of microeconomics.
Platelets Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury

Abstract Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality in the U.S. and a major cause of transfusion-associated morbidity including increased time on mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the intensive care unit and the hospital. Neutrophils have been identified as critical cellular mediators in the pathogenesis of TRALI in both clinical studies and in experimental settings using a variety of injury models. Platelets have been implicated as a blood product that can trigger TRALI, and endogenous platelet activation contributes to lung injury. Platelets bind to the surface of neutrophils to form heterotypic aggregates, and activated platelets can trigger the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which is a new mode of neutrophil death that is distinct from apoptosis and necrosis. NETs are produced in experimental TRALI and are increased in post-transfusion plasma from patients who develop TRALI. Blocking platelet activation reduces the production of NETs and lung injury, and inhibiting NETs by blocking extracellular histones or dismantling the NET structure with DNase1 are strongly protective in TRALI. In conclusion, TRALI is an immune-mediated event in which activated platelets, neutrophils, and NETs, contribute to injury and are therefore targets for therapeutic intervention. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Tectorial membrane injury in adult and pediatric trauma patients: a retrospective review and proposed classification scheme

Traumatic tectorial membrane injuries have different radiologic presentations in adult versus pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to identify and classify the different types of tectorial membrane injuries that occur in the adult and pediatric populations. Patients who suffered tectorial membrane injury were identified retrospectively using the keywords ‘tectorial membrane,” “craniocervical ligament tear/injury,” and “atlanto-occipital dissociation” included in radiology reports between 2012 and 2018 using Nuance mPower software. All relevant imaging studies were reviewed by two certificates of additional qualification-certified neuroradiologists. Detailed descriptions of injuries were recorded along with any relevant additional findings, including clinical history. Ten adults and six pediatric patients were identified with acute traumatic injuries of the tectorial membrane. Ninety percent of the adult patients sustained complete disruptions inferior to the clivus, or subclival, with 22% of tears at the level of the basion and 78% at the level of the odontoid tip. In contrast, 83% of pediatric patients suffered a stripping injury of the tectorial membrane located posterior to the clivus, or retroclival. Stretch injuries of the tectorial membrane were identified in 10% of adults and 17% of pediatric patients. The juvenile-type injury, which causes retroclival epidural hematoma, was determined to preferentially occur in patients less than or equal to 14 years of age with a high level of statistical significance (p value = 0.0014). A classification system for tectorial membrane injuries is proposed based on this data: type 1—retroclival stripping injury (more common in pediatric patients); type 2a—subclival disruption at the basion and type 2b—subclival disruption at the odontoid (both more common in adult patients); and type 3—thinning of the tectorial membrane.
An Application of Machine Learning for Police Mobile Computer Terminal Usability Evaluation

Police in-vehicle technologies especially mobile computer terminals (MCTs) are the major cause of motor vehicle crashes for law enforcement officers. Previous studies have found several usability i...
Benchmarking Lab Wind Performance with In Situ Monitored Data of Modular Vegetated Roof Assemblies

AbstractThe National Research Council of Canada (NRC), as part of a consortium with members from vegetated roof industries and roofing associations, established a national wind resistance standard ...
Network ties in the outside-in strategy: Contingencies of resource endowments and absorptive capacity

Abstract Network ties play an important role in the outside-in strategy for marketing and competitive advantages. However, prior research adopting the outside-in view has not always been clear on the impact of network ties. We propose a contingency view that the mere presence of network ties is not sufficient for performance improvement; rather, network ties need to be combined with resource endowments of the alters and absorptive capacity of the ego. These three components work together and reinforce each other in inducing desirable outcomes. We further apply this contingency view to the adoption of health information technology (HIT) by US hospitals. The results strongly support the contingency view. Our study helps reconcile the conflicting findings on the impact of network ties and contributes to the literature of outside-in strategy and social network.
Modeling the Joint Effect of Leader and Follower Authenticity on Work and Non-Work Outcomes

Recent theoretical and empirical work has developed the concept of authenticity, both as it relates to leader authenticity and as it relates to authenticity in followers. The present study examines perceptions of employee authenticity and perceived leader authenticity and highlights the utility of jointly examining the congruence between the two to predict individual-level outcomes. The present study utilized Qualtrics Panels to recruit three waves of survey participants. A total of 420 participants responded to all three time points. Polynomial regression, response surface modeling, and a block variable approach with indirect effects were used to test our hypotheses. Results supported the effect of authenticity congruence on individual-level work-related outcomes. Leader-member exchange was found to be a mediating variable between leader-follower authenticity congruence and outcomes in the work and non-work domains.
Ability to Identify External Ear Deformities and Normal External Ear Anatomy Based on Year and Specialty of Medical Training

The aim of this study was to analyze a potential association between resident training level/specialty type and correct identification of external ear deformities/external ear anatomy. A Qualtrics ...
3D Mapping Reveals a Complex and Transient Interstitial Matrix During Murine Kidney Development.

Background The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of proteins and glycosaminoglycans that provides structural and biochemical cues to cells. In the kidney, the ECM is critical for nephrogenesis; however, the dynamics of ECM composition and how it relates to 3D structure during development is unknown. Methods Using embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), E18.5, postnatal day 3 (P3), and adult kidneys, we fractionated proteins based on differential solubilities, performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and identified changes in ECM protein content (matrisome). Decellularized kidneys were stained for ECM proteins and imaged in 3D using confocal microscopy. Results We observed an increase in interstitial ECM that connects the stromal mesenchyme to the basement membrane (TNXB, COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3) between the embryo and adult, and a transient elevation of interstitial matrix proteins (COL5A2, COL12A1, COL26A1, ELN, EMID1, FBN1, LTBP4, THSD4) at perinatal time points. Basement membrane proteins critical for metanephric induction (FRAS1, FREM2) were highest in abundance in the embryo, whereas proteins necessary for integrity of the glomerular basement membrane (COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, LAMB2) were more abundant in the adult. 3D visualization revealed a complex interstitial matrix that dramatically changed over development, including the perinatal formation of fibrillar structures that appear to support the medullary rays. Conclusion By correlating 3D ECM spatiotemporal organization with global protein abundance, we revealed novel changes in the interstitial matrix during kidney development. This new information regarding the ECM in developing kidneys offers the potential to inform the design of regenerative scaffolds that can guide nephrogenesis in vitro.
Cooperation Through Communication: Teams and Individuals in a Finitely Repeated Prisoners’ Dilemma Game

For both two person teams and individuals unrestricted communication between opponents in a finitely repeated prisoner dilemma game results in stage-one cooperation rates of between 95-100%. Content analysis of between opponent communication focuses on the increased earnings cooperation can achieve, with minimal discussion of punishment for failing to cooperate. Restoring cooperation after an early stage-game defection typically requires compensating the aggrieved player. Between opponent discussions underlying cooperation focus on the mutual benefit from cooperation (earning more money and fairer than competing), with threats for failing to live up to agreements coming in a distant third.
SOCIAL BENEFITS OF IVHS SYSTEMS

Using national time diary estimates it is calculated that annually about 750 billion dollars of time value is devoted to travel in the United States. IVHS systems would be effective in reducing this number as well as the long commutes that create it. Most research on travel time considers average commuting time. Yet a mean preserving reduction in the dispersion of travel time will create social benefits too, since the conditional loss function is convex from below. New technology to reduce " excessive" delays even at the cost of a somewhat longer expected trip duration is thus of value.
Local and regional immune function of vitamin A-deficient rats with ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections

Experimental ocular herpes virus (HSV) infections are more severe in vitamin A-deficient rats (-A) compared with normal pair-fed controls (+A). In an effort to determine whether alterations in specific or nonspecific immune responses were responsible for the increased susceptibility of -A rats, cell-mediated responses and natural killer cell (NK) activity were monitored during the course of ocular herpetic infections in -A and +A rats. Prior to infection the concanavalin A (Con A)-induced response of splenic lymphocytes from -A rats was significantly less than that of +A animals. Three days following topical application of HSV to abraded corneas, the Con A-induced splenic response decreased in both -A and +A animals and remained at low levels for 10 d following infection. The cervical lymph node (CLN) response to Con A was depressed 7 d following infection but was higher in the -A group than in the +A group at all time points. In vitro response to inactivated HSV antigen appeared on d 7 in the spleen and d 10 in the CLN. The responses were higher in -A animals compared with +A pair-fed controls and were related to the severity of the disease rather than to dietary treatment. Splenic NK cytotoxic responses were higher in +A than -A animals and decreased in both groups during the 10-d post-infection period. Cervical lymph node NK responses were unaffected by diet or ocular HSV infection.
Detection of Viral Infection in Epithelial Cells by Infrared Spectral Cytopathology

Recent results suggest that infrared microspectroscopy, coupled to methods of multivariate analysis, can distinguish normal from virally infected cells. This was established for infection of the oral cavity by the herpes simplex virus, which is associated with the outbreak of cold sores, and for infection of the cervix uteri by the human papillomavirus (HPV). In both cases, subtle (but different) spectral changes are observed that could be used for fast and inexpensive viral screening. Keywords: spectral cytopathology; infrared microspectroscopy; principal component analysis; epithelial cells; herpes simplex virus; human papillomavirus
Using near-field scanning to predict radiated fields

Near-field scanning has often been used to measure and characterize magnetic fields surrounding individual integrated circuits (IC) and high speed digital electronic circuits. The paper describes the use of near-field scanning data, performed in a typical laboratory bench top environment, to predict radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) in a typical product environment. The product environment may include enclosures and apertures. The approach begins by acquiring sufficient near-field scanning data to allow representation of an unintentional radiating source by an equivalent surface current distribution. The equivalent current distribution is used as a source in numerical full wave modeling. The agreement between direct full wave simulation results and full wave simulation results using equivalent sources works well under certain assumptions.
Axons of the dorsal division of the medial geniculate body of the cat: A study with the rapid Golgi method

The arrangement of eight groups of axons afferent to the nuclei of the dorsal division of the medial geniculate body is described in rapid Golgi impregnations from young cats. Three kinds of axons travel predominantly in the brachium of the inferior colliculus and enter the medial geniculate body ventromedially: group I, thin axons resembling ivy tendrils ending along dendrites; group II, thicker axons with a sinuous course and few branches group IV, coarse thick axons with grumous collaterals and massive peridendritic terminals near principal cells and interneurons. Three kinds of axons enter from the parabrachial region and pass laterally group III, very thin axons with many collaterals forming dense terminal nests; group V, runcinate axons with sparse, thin collaterals; group VI, either medium-sized (group VIa) or thin (group VIb) smooth axons, perhaps corticofugal, and ending near principal neuron dendrites; group VII, thick axons, entering from the auditory radiation, with large, grapelike terminal arbors and group VIII, thin and forming peridendritic festoons on principal cells after entering from the brachium of the superior colliculus. There appears to be some, though not complete, segregation of axons in the dorsal division nuclei. Thus axons of groups I, III, IV, and VI are found in each nucleus, although group VI axons are conspicuous in the superficial dorsal nucleus, and group IV endings are much more elaborate in the dorsal and deep dorsal nuclei than in the superficial dorsal nucleus. Each axon type has a specific pattern of terminal branches, which contributes to the texture of the neuropil in each nucleus. Golgi type II axons accentuate these textural differences. Thus each nucleus has a specific pattern of neuropil by virtue of the relative proportions of the different groups of axons ending there and the density and architecture of the axonal plexus. For example, both the dorsal nucleus and the deep dorsal nucleus receive the same groups of afferent axons, but the axonal plexus is more diffusely and evenly distributed in the dorsal nucleus, whereas the neuropil of the deep dorsal nucleus is highlighted by aggregates of grumous endings, more irregularities in the distribution of the axonal plexus, and many more fibers of passage. The extrinsic axons in the dorsal division come from the inferior and superior colliculi, the lateral tegmental system of the midbrain, and the cerebral cortex. Since there is variation in the density and diversity of input in the various parts of the dorsal division, as well as differences in the intrinsic organization of nuclei, there might also be functional distinctions between subdivisions. This hypothesis is supported by the existence in each nucleus of cell types unique to it, different patterns of cortical projections to and from each nucleus, and dissimilar midbrain inputs. The synaptic organization of the dorsal division suggests a functional heterogeneity in this part of the medial geniculate body.
What is a natural notion of distance between power spectral density functions

We introduce a Riemannian metric on the cone of spectral density functions of discrete-time random processes. This is motivated by a problem in prediction theory, and it is analogous to the Fisher information metric on simplices of probability density functions. Interestingly, in either metric, geodesics and geodesic distances can be characterized in closed form. The goal of this paper is to highlight analogies and differences between the proposed differential-geometric structure of spectral density functions and the information geometry of the Fisher metric, and raise the question as to what a natural notion of distance between power spectral density functions is.
A RELATIVISTIC CONSTITUENT QUARK MODEL

We investigate the predictive power of a relativistic quark model formulated on the light-front. The nucleon electromagnetic form factors, the semileptonic weak decays of the hyperons and the magnetic moments of both baryon octet and decuplet are calculated and found to be in excellent agreement with experiment.
Behavioral aspects of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the behavioral aspects of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). The pituitary hormone MSH is tested in several different behavioral systems. MSH is a hormone(s) whose presence has persisted in the pituitary gland of vertebrates from very low forms to man. The primary function of MSH in higher mammals no longer seems to be pigmentary, but this is not sufficient reason to assume that MSH has no role in mammals or that the effects of MSH can be ascribed to corticotrophin (ACTH). Although MSH is known to play a vital role in amphibians such as the frog, an important function for MSH in mammals such as the rat is not well recognized. The frog better adapts to the environment by changing the color of its skin, an effect mediated by MSH. Extra-pigmentary effects of MSH upon bodily processes other than the central nervous system (CNS) are described by several investigators, including ourselves. It is speculated that during the course of evolution, MSH has maintained its “adaptive” value for the organism, but that this may apply only to simple tasks. The conclusion is reached that in mammals MSH exhibits definite extra-pigmentary actions upon behavior.
Mapping the "Depression Switch" During Intraoperative Testing of Subcallosal Cingulate Deep Brain Stimulation.

Importance The clinical utility of monitoring behavioral changes during intraoperative testing of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation is unknown. Objective To characterize the structural connectivity correlates of deep brain stimulation–evoked behavioral effects using probabilistic tractography in depression. Design, Setting, and Participants Categorization of acute behavioral effects was conducted in 9 adults undergoing deep brain stimulation implantation surgery for chronic treatment-resistant depression in a randomized and blinded testing session at Emory University. Patients were studied from September 1, 2011, through June 30, 2013. Post hoc analyses of the structural tractography patterns mediating distinct categories of evoked behavioral effects were defined, including the best response overall. Data analyses were performed from May 1 through July 1, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Categorization of stimulation-induced transient behavioral effects and delineation of the shared white matter tracts mediating response subtypes. Results Among the 9 patients, 72 active and 36 sham trials were recorded. The following stereotypical behavior patterns were identified: changes in interoceptive (noted changes in body state in 30 of 72 active and 4 of 36 sham trials) and in exteroceptive (shift in attention from patient to others in 9 of 72 active and 0 sham trials) awareness. The best response was a combination of exteroceptive and interoceptive changes at a single left contact for all 9 patients. Structural connectivity showed that the best response contacts had a pattern of connections to the bilateral ventromedial frontal cortex (via forceps minor and left uncinate fasciculus) and to the cingulate cortex (via left cingulum bundle), whereas behaviorally salient but nonbest contacts had only cingulate involvement. The involvement of the 3 white matter bundles during stimulation of the best contacts suggests a mechanism for the observed transient “depression switch.” Conclusions and Relevance This analysis of transient behavior changes during intraoperative deep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate and the subsequent identification of unique connectivity patterns may provide a biomarker of a rapid-onset depression switch to guide surgical implantation and to refine and optimize algorithms for the selection of contacts in long-term stimulation for treatment-resistant depression.
Evidence that the herpes simplex virus immediate early protein ICP27 acts post-transcriptionally during infection to regulate gene expression

The herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) immediate early protein ICP27 is a regulatory protein which is essential for virus replication. The phenotype of temperature-sensitive and deletion mutants in ICP27 includes overexpression of some immediate early and early gene products and greatly reduced levels of late gene products. To determine whether regulation by ICP27 occurs primarily at the transcriptional level, we have studied the expression of two immediate early products (ICP4 and ICP27) and two late gene products (glycoprotein B and glycoprotein C) at the level of transcription initiation, accumulation of steady state mRNA, and protein synthesis in an ICP27 temperature-sensitive mutant tsLG4, compared to wild-type HSV-1. At the nonpermissive temperature in tsLG4-infected cells, the two immediate early gene products ICP4 and ICP27 were overexpressed both at the mRNA and protein level although synthesis of these transcripts as measured by nuclear runoff assays was reduced relative to the wild-type HSV-1 infections. The transcription of late gene products glycoprotein B (gB) and glycoprotein C (gC) was lower in runoff assays from tsLG4 infections suggesting that the reduction in the level of late products occurred at the transcriptional level. However, temperature shift experiments in which tsLG4-infected cells were shifted to the nonpermissive temperature at various times after infection showed that the synthesis of late transcripts was not altered 2 hr after the shift whereas both the accumulation of leaky late and late mRNA and the incorporation of [35S]methionine into newly synthesized gB and gC was reduced by 2 hr after the shift to nonpermissive temperature. Therefore, while the synthesis of new transcripts continued, the accumulation of late mRNAs and their translation into protein was reduced when ICP27 was defective, whereas, the converse was found for immediate early products. That is, the synthesis of new transcripts was reduced yet mRNA and protein accumulated to high levels. These results suggest that ICP27 acts at least in part post-transcriptionally to regulate the expression of immediate early and late gene products.