cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Regulation of Branching Morphogenesis in the Developing Lung

Lung branching morphogenesis generates a tree-like structure and allows efficient airflow to millions of gas exchange units, the alveoli. The initiation, continuation, and termination of lung branching morphogenesis require precise control of the specification, maintenance, and depletion of lung epithelial progenitors. Here I will focus on these progenitors and describe the branch morphology across species and in comparison with other branching organs; the underlying cell biology including polarity, movement, and matrix interaction; and an initial gene regulatory network that can be expanded using genetic and genomic approaches. I will also describe when and how branching ends and its implications in premature birth and developmental plasticity.
Control Measures of Benzene Pollution in The Air of Workshop of 4 Enterprises in A Industrial Park of Haimen City

[Objective]To explore the control measures and effect of benzene pollution in the air of workshop.[Methods]Changes of Benzene concentration in the air of workshop were analyzed, the existing protective facilities were remodified on the basis of the original equipment in the enterprise. Control effects of occupational hazards were assessed combined with strengthening supervision and management of occupational health and hygiene guide etc. [Results]The environment of workshop had significantly improved. The qualified rates of benzene concentration in the air had raised from 19.30% before rectification to 91.23% after rectification. The concentration of benzene was within the limits of national standard, the difference before and after the rectification was significant(P0.01); the difference of workers' health improvement was significant (P0.05 or P0.01).[Conclusion]The control measures of benzene are effective, it provides evidence for reconstructing and extending the treatment of benzene against in the future.
Induced regulatory T cells in allograft tolerance via transient mixed chimerism

Successful induction of allograft tolerance has been achieved in nonhuman primates (NHPs) and humans via induction of transient hematopoietic chimerism. Since allograft tolerance was achieved in these recipients without durable chimerism, peripheral mechanisms are postulated to play a major role. Here, we report our studies of T cell immunity in NHP recipients that achieved long-term tolerance versus those that rejected the allograft (AR). All kidney, heart, and lung transplant recipients underwent simultaneous or delayed donor bone marrow transplantation (DBMT) following conditioning with a nonmyeloablative regimen. After DBMT, mixed lymphocyte culture with CFSE consistently revealed donor-specific loss of CD8+ T cell responses in tolerant (TOL) recipients, while marked CD4+ T cell proliferation in response to donor antigens was found to persist. Interestingly, a significant proportion of the proliferated CD4+ cells were FOXP3+ in TOL recipients, but not in AR or naive NHPs. In TOL recipients, CD4+FOXP3+ cell proliferation against donor antigens was greater than that observed against third-party antigens. Finally, the expanded Tregs appeared to be induced Tregs (iTregs) that were converted from non-Tregs. These data provide support for the hypothesis that specific induction of iTregs by donor antigens is key to long-term allograft tolerance induced by transient mixed chimerism.
Current and Future Challenges Faced by Asset Managers

With few exceptions, asset managers emerged from the recent financial turbulence with their reputations among clients severely tested.1 Many failed to protect their investors against the broad market decline and increased volatility that accompanied the crisis. Others sold investors financial products they themselves clearly failed to understand — and could not explain adequately to clients — while several major funds locked in their customers to prevent redemptions in disorderly markets. Still others failed in key areas of due diligence and risk management.
Optimization of swarms of UAVs

A swarm is a collection of objects or particles that are in co-ordination with each other. The concepts of swarm movement and communication is applied in a variety of applications such as traffic control or in military tactics. This paper applies swarm principles to a network of un-manned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in order to achieve optimal communication between each vehicle and to lower the amount of energy used to coordinate the movement of multiple vehicles. An optimization algorithm is being developed to work with wireless channel data from Wireless InSite, a wireless channel modeling software program, to control each UAV in the swarm network and choose the best wireless communication channels between UAVs based on characteristics such as path loss and power received. The results from this algorithm are implemented in a simulation environment constructed with OMNeT++, which also provides model visualization. This model has been evaluated in simulation in two dimensions on a 120m×120m grid and is capable of choosing optimal paths between nodes in the network by comparing channel characteristics such as path loss and power received.
Genuine Damascus steel: a type of banded microstructure in hypereutectoid steels

A brief review is given of the evolution of welded Damascus steel and genuine Damascus steel along with the mystery of how the pattern of genuine Damascus steel is produced. The prior studies claiming to have either, reproduced the genuine Damascus steel, or explained the mechanism of pattern formation, are reviewed. None of these studies have allowed modern bladesmiths to reproduce the steel. The author and a bladesmith, Alfred Pendray, have developed a process with which Pendray can produce blades that match the microstructures of the best museum quality genuine Damascus blades. Experimental research is reviewed showing that the microstructure of this steel is produced by an unusual type of banding that requires: (1) the presence of low levels of certain impurity elements in the hypereutectoid steels, with V being most effective, and (2) a thermal cycling heat treatment. A main difference of this type of banding and the ubiquitous banding of hypoeutectoid steels is point (2), the requirement of thermal cycling. A theory for the banding mechanism is presented.
A Quick Reference on Respiratory Acidosis

Respiratory acidosis, or primary hypercapnia, occurs when carbon dioxide production exceeds elimination via the lung and is mainly owing to alveolar hypoventilation. Concurrent increases in Paco2, decreases in pH and compensatory increases in blood HCO3- concentration are associated with respiratory acidosis. Respiratory acidosis can be acute or chronic, with initial metabolic compensation to increase HCO3- concentrations by intracellular buffering. Chronic respiratory acidosis results in longer lasting increases in renal reabsorption of HCO3-. Alveolar hypoventilation and resulting respiratory acidosis may also be associated with hypoxemia, especially evident when patients are inspiring room air (20.9% O2).
Increased Immune Suppressive CD14+ hla-DRneg Circulating Monocytes Are Found in Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Correlated with Increased Arginase I Level.

Abstract 970 Despite advances in treatments for patients with non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma (NHL), the relapse rates remain high and 40% of diffuse large B-cell NHL (DLBCL) patients die of disease. These patients have variable levels of immunodeficiency that may impact their prognosis. Previously we reported that monocytes in relapsed NHL patients suppress both autologous and allogeneic T cell proliferation and that these monocytes were unable to mature into dendritic cells in vitro . These suppressive functions were associated with increased frequency of CD14 + HLA-DR neg monocytes in NHL patients (NHL: 29.4 ± 3.2%, n = 36; healthy donors 7.54 ± 0.97%, n = 27; p − CD33 + HLA-DR − ) or non-classical monocytes (CD16+), neither of which was different in numbers between NHL and healthy donors. We have now expanded our study cohort and found that the percentage of CD14 + HLA-DR neg cells among circulating monocytes was increased in patients with more aggressive disease: DLBCL 37.5 ± 5.11%, n = 16 vs SLL and MALT lymphoma 15.8 ± 4.02%, n = 7; p = 0.01. Two newly diagnosed patients and three patients with localized disease amenable to resection all had frequencies of CD14 + HLA-DR neg monocytes closer to that of healthy donors whereas 5 of the 6 patients with low grade NHL that transformed to DLBCL had significantly elevated percentage of these suppressive monocytes (49.1 ± 4.70%). To better understand the mechanism of immune suppression by CD14 + HLA-DR neg monocytes, we investigated production of IFN-alpha induced by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Monocytes from NHL patients were less effective at IFN-alpha production (0.54 ± 0.22%, n = 4) compared to healthy donors (1.37 ± 0.25%, n = 4; p = 0.04). The corresponding culture supernatants also had a 4-fold reduction in IFN-alpha level by ELISA (p = 0.01). Reduced IFN-alpha production and subsequent decreased stimulatory response may contribute to diminished treatment response to CpG in NHL. Finally, we also found that the frequency of CD14 + HLA-DR neg monocytes correlated with increasing plasma levels of arginase I, a known mediator of T cell suppression (n = 16, p = 0.06). Such correlation was not observed for circulating VEGF, IL-6 or IL-10. Taken together we have described a population of immunosuppressive CD14 + HLA-DR neg monocytes in NHL patients that is more prevalent in aggressive disease and likely suppresses T cell function through multiple mechanisms including arginine metabolism. This work was supported through the University of Iowa and Mayo Clinic Lymphoma SPORE CA097274 and the Gerstner Family Foundation. Disclosures: Witzig: Novartis: Research Funding.
Real-world walking in multiple sclerosis: Separating capacity from behavior.

Abstract Background Habitual physical activity (HPA) measurement addresses the impact of MS on real-world walking, yet its interpretation is confounded by the competing influences of MS-associated walking capacity and physical activity behaviors. Objective To develop specific measures of MS-associated walking capacity through statistically sophisticated HPA analysis, thereby more precisely defining the real-world impact of disease. Methods Eighty-eight MS and 38 control subjects completed timed walks and patient-reported outcomes in clinic, then wore an accelerometer for 7 days. HPA was analyzed with several new statistics, including the maximum step rate (MSR) and habitual walking step rate (HWSR), along with conventional methods, including average daily steps. HPA statistics were validated using clinical walking outcomes. Results The six-minute walk (6MW) step rate correlated most strongly with MSR (r = 0.863, p Conclusions Conventional HPA statistics are poor measures of capacity due to variability in activity behaviors. The MSR and HWSR are valid, specific measures of real-world capacity which capture subjects’ highest step rate and preferred step rate, respectively.
Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Northern Manhattan Study.

Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism has previously been associated with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in predominantly Caucasian populations. We sought to test the strength of the relationship between APOE-e4 carrier status and subclinical atherosclerosis in a tri-ethnic population with a large Hispanic representation. Methods We assessed the association between APOE polymorphism and cIMT and plaque burden among 1243 stroke-free individuals (mean age 69 years, 65% Hispanic, 18% black, 17% white) using a sequence of multivariable regression models. Results After adjusting for demographics, vascular risk factors and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, APOE-e4 carrier status was positively associated with cIMT (mean difference, .013 mm; 95% confidence interval, .003-.023 mm). The APOE-e4 association with cIMT appeared to be segment-specific with greater differences in IMT between APOE-e4 carriers and noncarriers in the common carotid artery (CCA, .014 mm) and bifurcation (.017 mm) than in the internal carotid artery (ICA) IMT (.007 mm). This relationship was not modified by race–ethnicity. Presence of diabetes modified the e4-cIMT relationship in CCA (P = .045) and ICA (P = .046). APOE-e4 carrier status was not associated with plaque presence or plaque area. Conclusions APOE-e4 carriers had elevated cIMT independent of demographics and vascular risk factors including LDL levels. Diabetes was an effect modifier of the relationship between APOE-e4 and IMT, such that e4 carriers with diabetes had greater IMT in the CCA and ICA than those without diabetes. The APOE–IMT relationship was not modified by race–ethnicity.
Can integrating the Memory Support Intervention into cognitive therapy improve depression outcome? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

The Memory Support Intervention was developed in response to evidence showing that: (1) patient memory for treatment is poor, (2) poor memory for treatment is associated with poorer adherence and poorer outcome, (3) the impact of memory impairment can be minimized by the use of memory support strategies and (4) improved memory for treatment improves outcome. The aim of this study protocol is to conduct a confirmatory efficacy trial to test whether the Memory Support Intervention improves illness course and functional outcomes. As a “platform” for the next step in investigating this approach, we focus on major depressive disorder (MDD) and cognitive therapy (CT). Adults with MDD (n = 178, including 20% for potential attrition) will be randomly allocated to CT + Memory Support or CT-as-usual and will be assessed at baseline, post treatment and at 6 and 12 months’ follow-up (6FU and 12FU). We will compare the effects of CT + Memory Support vs. CT-as-usual to determine if the new intervention improves the course of illness and reduces functional impairment (aim 1). We will determine if patient memory for treatment mediates the relationship between treatment condition and outcome (aim 2). We will evaluate if previously reported poor treatment response subgroups moderate target engagement (aim 3). The Memory Support Intervention has been developed to be “transdiagnostic” (relevant to a broad range of mental disorders) and “pantreatment” (relevant to a broad range of types of treatment). This study protocol describes a “next step” in the treatment development process by testing the Memory Support Intervention for major depressive disorder (MDD) and cognitive therapy (CT). If the results are promising, future directions will test the applicability to other kinds of interventions and disorders and in other settings. ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT01790919 . Registered on 6 October 2016.
With Our Powers Combined: Teaming Up with the Writing Center to Improve Information Literacy

Write, Research, Revise (WRR) is a partnership between the Library and the Russell E. Horn Learning Center at Penn State Harrisburg, a campus of The Pennsylvania State University serving approximately 5,000 graduate and undergraduate students. This program provides two-on-one appointments, combining research and writing help for students in freshman-level, introductory writing courses. During WRR, participants have a scheduled appointment with a librarian and a writing tutor to comprehensively workshop nearly-completed research papers. At the appointment, students receive feedback and strategies to improve both the writing and research components of their assignments. Participating students and course faculty responded positively to the program. None of the participants previously utilized individual research assistance from campus librarians, and they indicated a greater willingness to seek help from the library in the future.
Effects of Desegregation on Achievement-Relevant Motivation

In spite of public acceptance of the democratic ideals of school desegregation, many citizens have expressed serious reservations about bussing. The one advantage that could possibly outweigh the costs, in the eyes of some critics, would be a significant improvement in the academic performance of the desegregated minority children. As indicated in Chapter 1 underlying the expectation of such an improvement has been the belief that through interracial contact minority children will develop the motivations and values that are presumed to be the necessary mediators of academic achievement. Included in the battery of instruments administered to our sample children were several measures designed to assess achievement motivation. These measures were included in order to provide data for detecting if, in fact, a change in values occurred and further to examine the relationships between change in values and change in achievement. In the initial sections of this chapter we will review the framework of reasoning and research that bears on our notions about motivation and school achievement and that underlies the expectation that desegregation can have a beneficial impact on minority children. The latter sections will discuss the measures in some detail and present a summary of our findings.
Effects of Secondary Muscle Spindle Afferent Discharge on Extensor Motoneurones in the Decerebrate Cat

High frequency longitudinal vibration of the medial gastrocnemius tendon in the decerebrate cat is known to produce phase-locked discharge of virtually all the primary spindle endings in the muscle (Matthews, 1966). When low frequency sinusoidal stretch is superimposed the resulting excitatory effects on homonymous motoneurones are probably produced by secondary muscle spindle afferent discharge. Using standard intracellular recording techniques, it was found that motoneurones showing maintained discharge in response to tendon vibration alone also demonstrated increased discharge frequency in response to superimposed muscle stretch. All motoneurones investigated showed sinusoidal membrane potential variation during combined sinusoidal stretch and vibration of the muscle tendon. This potential swing was approximately in phase with the slow stretch and proportional to it in amplitude. The EPSPs induced by vibration showed considerable size variation in the course of the slow stretch. They were largest when the muscle length was maximal, often showing a two-fold increase in amplitude.
Animal Handling and Physical Restraint

Key features: Stresses safety in handling, restraint, and containment of animals Covers handling and restraint of all domestic and common tamed animals and provides information on normal animal behavior and welfare Discusses how to recognize signs in animals of poor handling and containment Reviews zoonotic disease risks to animal handlers, particularly from normal-appearing animals, and how to avoid transmission of disease Features over 200 informative line drawings for clarity and simplicity of illustration Explains how to tie useful knots and hitches and when to use them for restraint Includes basic ethical considerations and legal liabilities of animal handling and containment Presents steps to prevent animal escapes, barn fires, and problems with transport Authored by an experienced veterinary educator in clinical medicine for veterinarians, veterinary students, pre-veterinary students, veterinary technicians and technologists, animal scientists, and animal owners Proper handling and restraint are essential to the welfare of captive animals, allowing them to be examined, groomed and treated in ways that contribute to their optimum quantity and quality of life. The aim of the book is to prepare future or current veterinarians and veterinary technologists, technicians/nurses, and assistants to be able to handle animals more safely and gain the confidence of animals and their owners. In turn, they will be able to instruct owners in proper animal handling methods, reducing the risk of physical injury or mutual infectious diseases. Throughout the book, the author emphasises that each animal is an individual and each handling environment provides its own advantages and disadvantages: handling an animal safely, humanely and efficiently requires practical knowledge of the species’ normal behaviour. This is explored in detail in each of the species-based chapters, which cover proper handling of domestic household and laboratory animals, as well as farm and ranch animals where safe handling aids the producer in both humane practice and greater profitability. After reading this book, the practitioner or student will be versed in the most basic part of the art of veterinary medicine: the safe handling of animals.
In situ data-driven adaptive sampling for large-scale simulation data summarization

Recent advancements in high-performance computing have enabled scientists to model various scientific phenomena in great detail. However, the analysis and visualization of the output data from such large-scale simulations are posing significant challenges due to their excessive size and disk I/O bottlenecks. One viable solution to this problem is to create a sub-sampled dataset which is able to preserve the important information of the data and also is significantly smaller in size compared to the raw data. Creating an in situ workflow for generating such intelligently sub-sampled datasets is of prime importance for such simulations. In this work, we propose an information-driven data sampling technique and compare it with two well-known sampling methods to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. The in situ performance of the proposed method is evaluated by applying it to the Nyx Cosmology simulation. We compare and contrast the performance of these various sampling algorithms and provide a holistic view of all the methods so that the scientists can choose appropriate sampling schemes based on their analysis requirements.
Strategies for p-type doping of ZnGeN2

ZnGeN2 has been proposed as an attractive semiconductor for a number of applications, but doping is largely unexplored. We examine the behavior of Li, Cu, Al, Ga, In, and C as candidate acceptors using hybrid density functional theory. Cu, In, and C give rise to deep acceptor levels, but Li, Al, or Ga could potentially lead to p-type conductivity. Al is particularly attractive since it has an ionization energy of 0.24 eV, comparable to Mg in GaN. However, self-compensation due to wrong-site incorporation is a serious issue. We demonstrate that co-doping with hydrogen can be used to overcome this problem.
Reward Processing in Adolescent Depression Across Neuroimaging Modalities.

Abstract. Depressive symptoms have long been associated with abnormalities in neural processing of reward. However, no review has yet consolidated evidence of such deficits in adolescent depression...
All about profit? How economics and finance experts disseminate the instrumental market logic to family businesses

Abstract Scholars have argued that a focus on markets, profits, and finance has increasingly taken center stage in our economic and social lives. We examine this claim for the case of family business, where social relationships intertwine strongly with economic pursuits. We analyze the content of business advice articles provided in Family Business Magazine from 1989 to 2012, and check for the prevalence of advice that emphasizes instrumental profit considerations compared to the embedded, connected-spheres of family and economy. We examine how advisors’ gender and professional affiliation shape the frames used, and trends over two decades. Contrary to expectations, the prevalence of the “profit” frame in advice to family businesses has not generally increased over time with the rise of neoliberalism. Instead, we find that advisors’ professional affiliation is key: economics/finance professionals frame issues significantly less with a connected-spheres view. These experts tend to be male and, over time, their advice is featured more frequently. On the whole, our findings suggest that economics/finance experts act as institutional change agents to disseminate instrumental market logic to family business practitioners.
Ambulance allocation optimization model for the overcrowding problem in US emergency departments: A case study in Florida

Abstract In the last decade, emergency department (ED) overcrowding has become a national crisis for the US healthcare system. Increasing mortality rates, decreasing quality of care, financial losses due to walkouts, and ambulance diversion are some of the consequences of ED overcrowding. Given the increasing demand in terms of ambulance utilization, being able to assign service requests to EDs efficiently, becomes a key function of the emergency medical services. This paper presents new ambulance allocation optimization models to reduce patients’ total time to treatment, waiting times; therefore, ED overcrowding. Disparities and fairness are considered in the development of the mixed integer programming models. Under a set of assumptions, we apply our strategies to allocate 75 ambulance emergencies to 11 EDs in a specific county in Florida. Heterogeneous types of patients, demand characteristics, and geographical/facility information are considered in the models. Based on numerical experiments and the situation in Florida, we show that the optimization techniques can be utilized for large problems and result in up to 31% improvement of the current decentralized model. Further analysis reveals the negative or positive impact that the strategies have on each patient, giving new insights for future policy modifications. Bi-objective, single objective, and game theory optimization models are implemented in this study.
Abstract TP55: Spatio-temporal Flow Tractography (SFT) for Evaluation of Collateral Patterns in Acute Stroke

Background: Collateral blood flow plays a major role to sustain oxygenation to the ischemic tissue at risk of irreversible infarction. It is an important marker during diagnosis and treatment decis...
Étudier l’influence d’une formation continue sur les croyances, les représentations et les pratiques d’intervenants scolaires à l’égard des élèves allophones

L’etude qualitative longitudinale dont il est fait part dans cet article portait sur l’influence d’une formation continue de deux ans, Alloscol, centree sur le soutien au developpement du francais comme langue des apprentissages scolaires chez des eleves allophones scolarises ou sous-scolarises, et visant le developpement du savoir agir d’enseignants de francais langue seconde, d’enseignants disciplinaires et de conseilleres pedagogiques intervenant dans diverses ecoles de la region de Quebec. Basee sur un recueil substantiel de donnees, incluant des entrevues, des observations, la veille d’un site Internet participatif, ainsi que le recueil de planifications de l’enseignement realisees par les participants, la recherche doctorale dont il est question fut l’occasion de developper une strategie de triangulation a niveaux multiples (Mucchielli, 2009) et d’exposer comment des procedures explicites et appuyees par le recours aux technologies peuvent soutenir la rigueur du chercheur dans un paradigme de recherche empirico-inductif.
Bitter pit and soft scald development during storage of unconditioned and conditioned ‘Honeycrisp’ apples in relation to mineral contents and harvest indices

Abstract ‘Honeycrisp’ apple fruit are highly susceptible to development of soft scald and bitter pit during storage. However, the commercial postharvest treatment of conditioning fruit at 10 °C for 7 d before storage at 3 °C to reduce soft scald development can increase bitter pit incidence. Prediction of these physiological disorders would enable storage operators to modify management techniques to reduce fruit losses due to both disorders. To develop prediction tools, harvest indices and mineral concentrations of fruit were analyzed from orchard blocks in Pennsylvania (PA) for three years, the Hudson Valley region (HV) for four years, the Champlain region for two years, and Western New York (WNY) for five years. Fruit were stored at 3 °C, without or with conditioning, and stored for 2 - 5 months in 2013- 2017. Fruit were also stored at 0.5 °C without or with conditioning in 2013, 2015, 2016. Multivariate analysis described significant relationships that were different for unconditioned and conditioned fruit. In unconditioned fruit, bitter pit incidence was negatively correlated with increasing internal ethylene concentration (IEC) and starch pattern indices (lower starch content), positively with higher chlorophyll content as indicated by the index of absorbance difference and with all minerals except N, as well as mineral ratios. In conditioned fruit, bitter pit incidence was correlated negatively with IEC, Ca, and positively with firmness, and all mineral ratios. Soft scald incidence in fruit stored at 0.5 °C was positively correlated with IEC and firmness, and all fruit mineral ratios except N/Ca and P/Ca, and negatively with Ca and Mg. For conditioned and unconditioned fruit stored at 3 °C, harvest indices predicted 27-28 % and 21-26 % bitter pit, respectively, while minerals and mineral ratios predicted 22-55 % and 18-54 % bitter pit, respectively. Harvest indices predicted 29-57 % soft scald, while minerals and mineral ratios predicted 29-49 for % soft scald for fruit stored at 0.5 °C. Correlations of bitter pit against P, K, and Mg were higher, and Ca and all mineral ratios lower, in conditioned fruit stored at 3 °C as opposed to those stored unconditioned at 3 °C. Nonlinear iterative partial least square algorithms based on variable importance plots vs coefficients showed that the regression of determination was affected by postharvest treatment in relation to harvest indices, minerals and their ratios. A negative correlation of bitter pit incidence against soft scald incidence was found for a region with high bitter pit and soft scald development.
Stable isotope composition of feathers help track the migratory patterns of Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) along Western Flyways of North America

Abstract The large-scale patterns of movement for the Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), a small forest hawk found throughout western North America, are largely unknown. However, based on field observations we set out to test the hypothesis that juvenile migratory A. striatus caught along two distinct migration routes on opposite sides of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of North America (Pacific Coast and Intermountain Migratory Flyways) come from different natal/breeding populations. We applied Stable Isotope Analysis (SIA) of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) of feathers, and large scale models of spatial isotopic variation (IsoScapes) to formulate spatially explicit predictions of the origin of the migrant birds. For both hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition, novel relationships were assessed between the measured isotope values of feathers from A. striatus museum specimens of known origin and the IsoScape modeled compositions of precipitation at those known locations. We used these relationships to predict the origin regions for birds migrating along the two flyways from the measured isotope values of migrant’s feathers and the associated hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation where these feathers were formed. The A. striatus from the two migration routes had overlap in their natal/breeding origins and did not differentiate into fully separate migratory populations. The methodology based on oxygen isotopes had, in general, less predictive power than the one based on hydrogen. There was broad agreement between the two isotope approaches in the geographic assignment of the origins of birds migrating along the Pacific Coast Flyway, but not for those migrating along the Intermountain Migratory Flyway. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for conservation efforts of A. striatus in western North America, and the use of combined hydrogen and oxygen SIA to track the movement of birds of prey on continental scales.
Outcome, complication and follow-up of patients with esophageal foreign body impaction: an academic institute's 15 years of experience.

Esophageal foreign body impaction (EFBI) is a gastrointestinal emergency, mostly requiring endoscopic management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology, adverse events, and outcomes of patients following the episode of EFBI. All esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) reports of admitted patients for EFBI at the University of Kansas Medical Center between 2003 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 204 patients, who met the inclusion criteria, 60% were male and the mean age was 54.7 ± 17.7 years. The encounter was the first episode of EFBI in 76% of cases. EGD in less than 24 hours of patients' admission was required in 79% of cases. The distal esophagus was the most common site of impaction (44%). Push and pull techniques were used in 38 and 35.2% of cases, respectively, while 11% were managed by a combination of both techniques. Structural causes were the most common etiologic findings including benign strictures and stenosis in 21.5% of patients, followed by Schatzki's ring (7.8%) and hiatal hernia (6.9%). Of all cases, 45% did follow-up in up to 1 year, and biopsy was done in 34% of cases. Out of 43 patients who had endoscopic findings suspicious for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), the diagnosis was confirmed by pathology in 37. The rate of recurrence EFBI was significantly higher in patients with EoE (P < 0.001). EFBI-related esophageal adverse events (AEs) occurred in 4.9% of cases. Cardiovascular and pulmonary AEs occurred in 1.5 and 2.9%, respectively. Logistic regression did not find any predictor for AEs occurrence. EFBI managed very well with endoscopic treatments. Despite the emerging data about the safety of the push technique, there are still concerns regarding its adverse events especially the risk of perforations. Our study shows no significant difference in adverse events between different types of techniques.
Mutation profile of colon cancer in hispanic population of central California.

e16067Background: The clinical and mutational profile of Hispanic patients with metastatic colon cancer is not well documented. In this retrospective study, we aim to describe the clinical and muta...
Politics for the love of fandom: Fan-based citizenship in a digital world, edited by Ashley Hinck and Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 2019, 264 pp., $45.00 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-807-17034-2

In the summer of 2020, K-Pop Stans and their political activism became increasingly visible as they used their numbers to flood hashtags off of Twitter and disrupt a presidential campaign rally (Co...
Protection and prevention

Ultimately the only way that children will be protected and sexual abuse prevented is by ensuring that sex offenders no longer offend. As long as there are perpetrators seeking opportunities to molest children abuse will occur. The saying ‘where there’s a will there’s a way’ is all too true in this context. This is why the treatment of offenders has been placed in a chapter on prevention.
Liquor- und Antikörperdiagnostik bei Verdacht auf eine autoimmune Ursache von Anfällen

Die Liquor- und Autoantikorperdiagnostik ist in der Epileptologie etabliert. Zugleich sind Fragen offen: Welche Patienten soll man in welchem Material (Liquor? Serum?) auf welche Antikorper (Ak) testen, und wie interpretiert man die Ergebnisse angemessen? Bei Anfallserstmanifestationen oder erst seit Kurzem auftretenden rezidivierenden Anfallen entsteht der Verdacht auf eine Autoimmunenzephalitis, wenn seit Kurzem auch rasch fortschreitende kognitive oder psychiatrische Probleme bestehen. In diesen Fallen ist eine Ak-Paneldiagnostik empfehlenswert. Bei chronischen, seit >1 Jahr bestehenden Anfallen ist die Aussicht, neurale Ak zu finden, wesentlich kleiner (<5 %). Sollten keine Ak gefunden werden, kann man eine Autoimmunenzephalitis auch rein klinisch-paraklinisch diagnostizieren. Entsprechende Kriterien fur chronische autoimmun-assoziierte Epilepsien existieren demgegenuber noch nicht. Hier durfte dem entzundlichen Liquorsyndrom eine grose Rolle zukommen. Ak-Befunde mussen immer im Kontext der Klinik interpretiert werden. Die Beratung durch neurologisch versierte Arzte im Diagnostiklabor ist von grosem Nutzen.
Demonstration of MorphSensor: A 3D Electronic Design Tool for Reforming Sensor Modules

MorphSensor is a 3D electronic design tool that enables designers to morph existing sensor modules of pre-defined two-dimensional shape into free-form electronic component arrangements that better integrate with the three-dimensional shape of a physical prototype. MorphSensor builds onto existing sensor module schematics that already define the electronic components and the wiring required to build the sensor. Since MorphSensor maintains the wire connections throughout the editing process, the sensor remains fully functional even when designers change the electronic component layout on the prototype geometry. We present the MorphSensor editor that supports designers in re-arranging the electronic components, and discuss a fabrication pipeline based on customized PCB footprints for making the resulting freeform sensor.
Defining Future Trade Relations: Impacts of Developments in COVID Vaccine Treatments and Brexit Negotiations (preprint)

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only proven to be a health and medical crisis of devastating proportions, but also an economically defining crisis. The impact of its coincidence with recently concluded Brexit negotiations could have been even more significant because a no deal Brexit situation could have heralded several repercussions, not only for the United Kingdom, but also for the Euro bloc. On the 24th December 2020, however, a deal was eventually reached between the UK and the European Union, and following approval of the deal in the UK Parliament on the 30th December 2020, and through ratification of the deal, legislation relating to it became law on the 31st December 2020 – thereby ensuring Brexit negotiations were concluded before expiration of the time line for transitional arrangements – as well as providing a degree of certainty in ensuring that tariffs would not be imposed between both parties – as would have been the case under a “No Deal” scenario. The importance of the United Kingdom becoming the first country globally, to approve and administer a highly effective COVID-19 vaccine, may, indeed become quite significant, given the need to address medically and economically related issues as swiftly as possible – given possible impending economic uncertainties that could have occurred with a Brexit No Deal situation – all the more important given the expiration timeline for transitional arrangements, scheduled for the 31st December 2020. How well and effective the UK is able to manage the ongoing COVID pandemic and the administration of COVID vaccines, may prove advantageous, even as it seeks a more independent and sovereign relationship from the EU – as well as establish its laws and regulations. How well the European Union is able to manage the COVID pandemic, travel between countries – as well as arrive at measures to address the economic impacts of the COVID pandemic in the coming months, could also be pivotal in shaping future trade relationships – particularly between the United Kingdom and the European Union. Even as other countries are still contemplating on when and whether to approve some COVID 19 vaccines, and whilst caution is also advocated amidst uncertainty, it appears that certain risks may have to be embraced as a means of offsetting greater risks that could result from having a simultaneous combination of Brexit and COVID-19 uncertainties. As well as addressing the above-mentioned questions, this paper aims to highlight why recent developments in COVID 19 vaccines approval and administration, not only impact economic outlooks, but also to highlight why future trade and economic relationships may be significantly shaped by recent developments with the “Comprehensive Agreement on Investment” between the EU and China.
Erratum to Chapter 25 Tectonic setting, structure and petroleum geology of the Siberian Arctic offshore sedimentary basins

Erratum for Drachev, S. S., Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 35, 369–394. Figure 25.8 on p. 378 is incorrect on the DVD and online version of this paper. The corrected image appears below. Fig. 25.8. Structure of the Laptev Rift …
Advanced Sensors, Quality Attributes, and Modeling in Food Process Control

Determining and predicting the quality, safety, and nutritional impact of raw materials and processed foods is becoming increasingly important. Considerable advances have been made in sensors, process control, process modeling, process simulation, and the integration of these into food production systems. Yet considerable work remains to be completed especially related to quantification of quality attributes and validation of process models. The rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluid foods during production are particularly difficult to measure over a wide range of shear rates. Application of magnetic resonance imaging for inline measurement of non-Newtonian fluid rheology is described and applied to Carbopol (a model system), yogurt, and tomato concentrate. The application to Carbopol demonstrates the rapid measurement of yield stress. Results from yogurt can be used to understand shear history and product structure breakdown. The application to tomato concentrate couples the measurement with modeling to link results from a fundamental rheological measurement to a quality assurance test result (Bostwick).
Thymidine incorporation by free-living and particle-bound bacteria in a eutrophic dimictic lake

The percentage of [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporated into samples from a dimictic eutrophic lake and retained on polycarbonate membranes of 3.0-, 1.0-, and 0.2-μm pore size was studied in a lake with filamentous cyanobacteria as the dominant phytoplankton type throughout the period of thermal stratification. Water samples were also examined by epifluorescence microscopy for evidence of algal senescence and bacterial colonization of intact and damaged cyanobacterial filaments. A small percentage (2 to 20%) of bacterial activity was retained by filters with pore sizes ≥ 1 μm in epilimnetic samples. Epilimnetic samples also had a small percentage of cyanobacterial filaments, either intact or damaged, which were visibly colonized by bacteria in summer and fall samples. A significant proportion (20 to 35%) of bacterial activity was retained by filters with pore sizes ≥ 1 μm in samples collected from the metalimnion and hypolimnion during late summer and fall. The proportion of damaged cyanobacterial filaments was higher in these samples than in those from the epilimnion or from those obtained early in the summer. Furthermore, the filaments in these samples were more heavily colonized by bacteria. Overall, particle-bound production accounted for only 2 to 19% of total bacterial production from April to August in all water layers. It appears that the supply of colonizable particles (damaged cyanobacterial filaments) is an important factor affecting the level of particle-bound bacterial activity in this lake.
The world and a very small place in Africa : a history of globalization in Niumi, the Gambia

Part I. Background, Before A.D. 1446 1. The Global Setting for Niumi's History, Before A.D. 1446 2. Niumi in a Restructuring World System, Before A.D. 1446 Part II. The Precolonial Period, 1446-1816 3. Niumi Between Two Systems: Waxing Atlantic Trade, Continuing Sudanic Trade, 1446-1600 4. Niumi at the Height of the Atlantic Complex, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Part III. The Colonial Period, 1816-1965 5. A Time of Transition in Niumi, 1816-1897 6. Niumi as Part of the Gambia Colony and Protectorate, 1897-1965 Part IV. The Postcolonial Period: Independence or In Dependence? 1965-2003 7. Independent Niumi in the First Republic of The Gambia, 1965-1994 8. Niumi in the Recent Wave of Globalization: The Second Republic, 1994-2009.
Results of Primary Repair Versus Shunt Palliation in Ductal Dependent Infants With Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect.

Background The 2 management strategies of neonates born with ductal-dependent pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (PAVSD) include single stage primary biventricular repair (BVR) or staged palliation with modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS) followed by second stage repair. Each approach is associated with specific benefits and drawbacks. We report outcomes of those 2 different strategies. Methods Between 2002 and 2012, 86 neonates with ductal-dependent PAVSD underwent surgery using primary repair (BVR group: n = 28, 33%) or shunt palliation (BTS group: n = 58, 67%). Early and late results were compared between the 2 groups. Results Median age was 6 days (interquartile range [IQR] 3–17) and median weight was 2.8 kg (IQR 2.5–3.3) with 27 patients (31%) 2.5 kg or less. Associated risk factors such as prematurity 36 weeks or less and genetic or extra-cardiac malformations were present in 30% and 40% of patients, respectively. Hospital mortality occurred in 5 (5.8%) patients (1 [3.6%] for BVR versus 4 [6.9%] for BTS, p = 1.00). Overall 8-year survival was 76.5% (85.5% for BVR versus 72.2% for BTS, p = 0.189). On multivariable analysis, risk factors for mortality were genetic or extra-cardiac malformations (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7% to 16.0%), p = 0.036) and postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (HR, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.1% to 14.4), p = 0.039). Freedom from right ventricular outflow tract reoperation after achievement of repair was 63.2% at 8 years (52.4% for BVR versus 70.2% for BTS, p = 0.170). On multivariable analysis, risk factors for reoperation were the use of conduit (HR, 8.7 [95% CI, 1.1% to 65.8%], p = 0.037) and prematurity (HR, 2.8 [95% CI, 1.1% to 7.2%], p = 0.028). Conclusions Primary BVR of neonates with ductal-dependent PAVSD is associated with a trend for improved survival due to hospital and interstage mortality with the staged approach. Genetic or extra-cardiac malformations are common and are associated with worse survival.
Extreme Points and Directions for Convex Sets

Let S be a convex set in R n . Two vectors (points) x1,x2 ∈S are said to be distinct if x1 ≠ αx2 for any 0 < α ∈ R (i.e, one vector cannot be written as a positive multiple of the other). In this regard, a vector x ∈ S is an extreme point of S if it is not the mean of two other distinct vectors in S, e.g., if extreme x is the mean of x1, x 2 ∈ S, then x = x l = x 2 . Equivalently, a point x ∈ S is extreme if x cannot be expressed as a positive convex combination of two distinct points in S. Thus x is an extreme point of S if and only if x =λx 1 + (1-λ)x2, 0 < λ < 1, and x 1 , x2 ∈ S implies x = xl = x2. Hence there is no way to express x as a positive convex combination of x1, x2 except by taking x= xl = x2. Clearly an extreme point of a convex set S cannot lie between and two other points of the set.
PERSONALITIES OF WOMEN REPORTING INCESTUOUS ABUSE DURING CHILDHOOD

Previous studies of adult females reporting incestuous sexual abuse in childhood, using the Apperceptive Personality Test and Draw-a-Person Questionnaire, indicated abusees attributed more negative traits to their characters than did controls. No differences were found by type of abuse or relation to the abuser. In these studies abusees and controls were obtained from different sources, although matched on several characteristics. The present study compared 79 incestuous abusees to 79 matched controls all drawn from the same subject pool. Multivariate analysis of variance identified significant differences between the groups. In contrast with earlier studies questionnaire scores distinguished rape victims from those abused without rape and distinguished those abused by older relatives from those abused by peers in two additional multivariate analyses of variance. Language: en
Trans -2-Hexenal in the Scent Gland of the Hemipteran Acanthocephala femorata

THE plant bug, Acanthocephala femorata (Fab.), is one of the many hemipterous insects which eject odoriferous materials when disturbed. This large brown coreid, which occurs in the southern United States, is frequently found on citrus plants1.