cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrability and aggregation in the theory of demand

Harold Hotelling believed that integrability was a necessary characteristic of both individual and market demand equations, and he demonstrated that it would hold if consumers did not have a budget constraint. If there was a budget constraint, he contended, the usual integrability condition would be replaced by a condition which assures that an integrating factor can be introduced. This paper shows that this condition can be satisfied only if the consumer's income effect is the same numerically for all goods. Aggregation by summation of individual demands is considered, and it is shown that this form of aggregation is valid if there is a budget constraint only when income effects are the same for all individuals.
Crosstalk ratio-based adaptive 2 × 2 MIMO-OFDM PLC

Practical implementations of power line communications (PLCs) with multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) generally suffer from crosstalk between ports. Presented is a crosstalk ratio (CR)-based adaptive 2 × 2 MIMO PLC along with simulation results that demonstrate an improvement on conventional 2 × 2 MIMO PLC in terms of bit-error-rate.
Modeling of carbon sequestration in coal-beds : A variable saturated simulation

Storage of carbon dioxide in deep coal seams is a profitable method to reduce the concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere while the methane as a byproduct can be extracted during carbon dioxide injection into the coal seam. In this procedure, the key element is to keep carbon dioxide in the coal seam without escaping for a long term. It is depended on many factors such as properties of coal basin, fracture state, phase equilibrium, etc., especially the porosity, permeability and saturation of the coal seam. In this paper, a variable saturation model was developed to predict the capacity of carbon dioxide sequestration and coal-bed methane recovery. This variable saturation model can be used to track the saturation variability with the partial pressures change caused by carbon dioxide injection. Saturation variability is a key factor to predict the capacity of carbon dioxide storage and methane recovery. Based on this variable saturation model, a set of related variables including capillary pressure, relative permeability, porosity, coupled adsorption model, concentration and temperature equations were solved. From results of the simulation, historical data agree with the variable saturation model as well as the adsorption model constructed by Langmuir equations. The Appalachian basin, as an example, modeled the carbon dioxide sequestration in this paper. The results of the study and the developed models can provide the projections for the CO2 sequestration and methane recovery in coal-beds within different regional specifics.
Microhabitat Use in an Assemblage of Native and Introduced Fishes in a Hawaiian Stream

Abstract: Ecological aspects of the relatively diverse fish assemblages found in the terminal reaches of streams in Hawai'i are largely unknown. This study described patterns of microhabitat use in an assemblage of native and introduced stream fishes living in the terminal reach of Wailoa Stream on the island of Hawai'i. Multivariate analyses of data collected through underwater visual surveys indicated that differences in microhabitat use were an important factor in structure of this assemblage. In riffle habitats, native fishes selected distinct microhabitats based on water velocity, substrate size, and position in the water column. In run habitats, a benthic guild (native gobies) and a water-column guild (introduced poeciliids and the endemic Kuhlia xenura) were identified. Strong differences in three-dimensional microhabitat use patterns appear to allow native gobioids to resist being displaced by introduced poeciliids in Wailoa Stream. However, high overlap in the microhabitat use patterns of juvenil...
Characterizing the MCT-1:DenR Complex, a Translational Enhancer for Lymphoma Survival

MCT-1 is an oncogene that is highly expressed in human lymphomas and has been linked to increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis through the enhanced translation of survival-related transcripts. Acting on mRNAs that house serial 5'-untranslated ORFs, MCT-1 is directly involved in translation initiation and ribosomal recycling via the formation of an active dimer with DenR (DRP) and aids in scanning for the translatable regions of the transcript. When combined, this dimer tethers together two RNA-binding domains, a PUA domain from MCT-1 and a SUI-1 domain from DenR that appear to anchor the complex at the 7-methyl guanosine cap and direct the reassociation of the 43S initiation complex at AUG start codons. The goal of this study has been the characterization of the structure of the MCT-1:DenR dimer and the thermodynamics behind complex formation using a combination of NMR, X-ray crystallography, and ITC with particular attention paid to the conformational changes in the loosely ordered N-terminal domain of DenR induced by dimer formation. Ultimately, the information gained from this study will be applied to the design and evaluation of perturbagens that interfere with dimer formation and the development of MCT-1 driven anti-apoptotic phenotypes, especially in refractory lymphomas.
THE SINGLE CRYSTAL POLARIZED OPTICAL SPECTRA OF HEXAAQUOIRON(II) PERCHLORATE

Abstract The single crystal polarized spectra of the Fe(H2O)6 ++ ion as the perchlorate salt have been obtained at room temperature and 10°K. The spectra are very dichroic at low temperature. The major bands show a large decrease in area upon cooling suggesting that the band intensities result from a vibronic coupling mechanism. The spectra are interpreted in terms of D3d symmetry where the C3 axis is collinear with co of the pseudohexagonal unit cell. The major features of the spectra are assigned and an analysis of the vibronic mechanism is presented.
Effect of inhibition of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase by AT-125 (Acivicin) on glutathione and cysteine levels in rat brain and plasma

AT-125 (Acivicin) is an inhibitor of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GTP) which initiates glutathione catabolism to cysteine. We measured plasma and brain glutathione and cysteine in rats treated with AT-125. Six h after AT-125 treatment, plasma glutathione had increased 6-fold and plasma cysteine had fallen significantly. Brain cysteine fell after 24 h of AT-125 treatment, and brain glutathione had also decreased 18%. AT-125 pretreatment inhibited brain uptake of 35S when it was given as 35S-GSH but had no effect when it was given as 35S-cysteine. These results suggest that plasma glutathione is catabolized by γ-GTP, and cysteine derived from it is taken up by the brain. N-acetylcysteine was administered to AT-125 treated rats in an attempt to supply cysteine to the brain in the face of γ-GTP inhibition. N-acetylcysteine supported brain glutathione levels, suggesting that it can serve as a source of cysteine under these conditions.
Twelve years after Sleipner: Moving CCS from hype to pipe

Abstract Climate change is a global problem that requires decisive action. While numerous low-carbon solutions are available for immediate deployment, the world’s largest economies’ deep commitment to fossil fuels and the need for swift emission reductions dictates the use of CCS at fossil-based power plants and other large sources. While CCS technology is ready to be used today in large-scale projects, several barriers still stand in the way of deployment. We assert that these are mainly economic and regulatory barriers that can readily be addressed with well-crafted and targeted public policy. We outline the critically needed steps and assess their prospects for adoption in the near term.
Thermal vortex dynamics in a two-dimensional condensate

We carry out an analytical and numerical study of the motion of an isolated vortex in thermal equilibrium, the vortex being defined as the point singularity of a complex scalar field $\ensuremath{\psi}(\mathbf{r},t)$ obeying a nonlinear stochastic Schr\"odinger equation. Because hydrodynamic fluctuations are included in this description, the dynamical picture of the vortex emerges as that of both a massive particle in contact with a heat bath, and as a passive scalar advected to a background random flow. We show that the vortex does not execute a simple random walk and that the probability distribution of vortex flights has non-Gaussian (exponential) tails.
The moral basis of liberal education

The moral right to liberal education involves issues of distribution and of content. The former issue bears on the distribution of educational resources. The latter issue bears on the issue of multiculturalism. Both issues are discussed from the standpoint of equal rights.
The structure and function of immunization advisory committees in western Europe

National immunization advisory committees are charged with making recommendations to either a governmental agency or the public regarding which vaccines that children and/or adults at specific ages, or with specific risk factors, should receive. However, there may be significant variability in a variety of aspects of such committees including the manner in which they are constituted, the process of their deliberations, and their authority. We explored the policies and roles of immunization advisory committees in each of 10 of the largest nations in Western Europe and found significant variation among the nations. Conceptually, this variation was able to be categorized into 6 specific domains; committee membership, processes of meetings, basis for decision making, financial issues, authority, and the role of manufacturers and insurers.
Using National Standards and Models of Excellence as Frameworks for Accountability

The authors describe several national standards and models of excellence, and demonstrate how two states, Maine and New Hampshire, have integrated these standards and models into their recommendations to school counseling programs for developing and implementing comprehensive career development programs. Emphasis is placed upon three factors: curriculum integration, guidance program evaluation, and accountability to school and community.
Essential Role of RBP-Jκ in Activation of the K8 Delayed-Early Promoter of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus by ORF50/RTA

KSHV K8 gene is activated by virally encoded transactivator RTA in delayed-early stage of viral reactivation. Three RTA-responsive elements (RREs) were identified in the promoter. Among them, RRE-II was found to be the most critical cis-acting element for RTA transactivation. In this report, the mechanism underlying RTA-mediated activation of the K8 delayed-early promoter was investigated. A DNA affinity purification study demonstrated that RRE-II was bound by cellular protein RBP-Jκ, a sequence-specific DNA binding protein and a primary target of the Notch signaling pathway. Inspection of the RRE-II sequence revealed a potential recognition sequence for RBP-Jκ (GTGAGAA) between the nucleotides -102 and –108 relative to the transcription initial site. Removal or mutation of the motif abolished RBP-Jκ binding to the K8 promoter and as a consequence, RTA failed to bind to and activate the promoter. An essential role of RBP-Jκ in the transcription of the K8 promoter was demonstrated by diminishment of the promoter activity in RBP-Jκ-null murine embryonic fibroblasts. Taken together, RTA activates K8 promoter through an indirect binding mechanism, i.e. being recruited to the K8 promoter by interacting with RBP-Jκ bound to an RBP-Jκ motif in the promoter.
Algorithm 753: TENPACK: a LAPACK-based library for the computer manipulation of tensor products

This article presents the interface of an implementation of methods to manipulate equations of this form A1⊗·⊗Am where the Ai are matrices. The methods described are independent of m. The code is based on LAPACK and the BLAS* and supports virtually all of the matrix formats supported by those packages. Timings of the implementation on several machines are also given.
Online Topic-based Social Influence Analysis for the Wimbledon Championships

Various industries are turning to social media to identify key influencers on topics of interest. Following this trend, the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (AELTC) is keen to analyze the `social pulse' around the famous Wimbledon Championships. IBM developed and deployed social influence analysis capability for AELTC during the 2014 edition of the Championship. The design and implementation of influence analysis technology in the real world involves several challenges. In this paper, we define various functional and usability criteria that social influence scores should satisfy, and propose a multi-dimensional definition of influence that satisfies these criteria. We highlight the need to identify both all-time influencers and recent influencers, and track user influences over multiple time-scales for this purpose. We also stress the importance of aspect-specific influence analysis, and investigate an approach that uses an aspect hierarchy that annotates tweets with topics or aspects before analyzing them for influence. We also describe interesting insights discovered by our tool and the lessons that we learnt from this engagement.
Efficient adenoviral-mediated murine neonatal small intestinal gene transfer is dependent on αv integrin expression

Abstract Background/Purpose: Clinical application of gene therapy for patients who have inflammatory bowel disease or short bowel syndrome will require the development of new strategies to improve the efficiency of small intestinal gene transfer. Previously, the authors developed a method for adenoviral-mediated small intestinal gene transfer in vivo in neonatal and adult mice. The present study evaluates the hypothesis that the integrins α v β 3 and α v β 5 , the secondary receptors for adenoviral internalization, play a facilitative role in neonatal murine adenoviral-mediated small intestinal gene transfer. Methods: Immunohistochemical techniques identified the integrin α v β 3 and the integrin subcomponents α v , β 3 , and β 5 in neonatal and adult small intestine. The effects of integrin receptor antagonists on transgene expression was also studied in our neonatal model of adenoviral-mediated small intestinal gene transfer in vivo. Results: Gene transfer was significantly decreased by the addition of integrin receptor antagonists versus control peptide. Integrin α v β 3 and integrin subcomponent α v , β 3 , and β 5 are expressed in neonatal and adult small intestine. Integrin antagonists administered simultaneously blocked efficient adenoviral-mediated neonatal small intestinal gene transfer in vivo compared with control peptide. Conclusion: Strategies to upregulate integrin expression may improve adenoviral-mediated small intestinal gene transfer.
Post-it notes and other aids for careful reading

I am no longer surprised when people tell me that lots of material first published in Academic Questions eventually f inds its way into newspaper stories and opinion pieces, but I was ra ther thrown for a loop when ! learned that the most cited article we've published so far was not about political correctness or academic freedom, not about feminist excess or the multicultural follies but, rather, about how many law s tudents misuse the h igh l igh te r (Lawrence A. Beyer's "The Problem with Highlighters" [Summer 1990]). Apparently the reservations directed against the now ubiquitous highlighter hit h o m e in ways that many of our other critiques did not. Curiously enough, at virtually the same time that I first read Professor Beyer's remarks, I found myself having a much-needed cup of joe at our College Center and becoming increasingly fascinated by a very earnest student who occupied the adjacent table. A chemistry book in one hand, a highlighter in the other, he dutifully emblazoned every line on page 158 and then did the same for every sentence on page 159. W h e n he turned the page and cont inued highlighting away, I was hooked. A n d when he failed to accentuate a paragraph on page 161, I could no keep my curiosity penned in. "I 'm sorry to bother you, " I began, "but I've been watching you run your highlighter across every paragraph, every sentence, every word-page after p a g e a n d I can't figure out why you've suddenly changed your MO. Is there something about this unhighlighted paragraph that sets it apart f rom the others you've marked?" "Sure," the student replied, with the same put-upon tone that ten-year-olds use after they've p r o g r a m m e d your VCR, "that stuff probably won' t be on the exam, so I don ' t have to memorize it." "You mean to tell me that you intend to memorize all the material you've highlighted?" "Yep," he insisted confidently, but then he went on to admit that he generally has trouble as a course grinds on and the material to memorize mounts. Still, it doesn ' t hur t to start out highlighting like mad, and anybody who doesn' t unders tand this (me, for instance), "just doesn ' t get it."
Culture and Negotiation: The Pedagogical Dispute Regarding Cross‐Cultural Simulations

This article examines one especially challenging aspect of active-learning international studies courses—the use of cross-cultural simulations. What is the significance of culture for negotiation? What difficulties might cross-cultural negotiations pose, and how might negotiators work with cultural differences to achieve successful outcomes? Is it possible to model the effects of cultures on negotiators in a classroom role-play? What are the advantages to using cross-cultural simulations, and what difficulties do they entail? How might an instructor make best use of materials that focus on cultural issues and their effect on negotiation? When teaching students of different cultures by active-learning methods, what ought an instructor to bear in mind? What cross-cultural simulations are available, and what readings might be assigned to accompany them?
A universidade mercantil e o caso da universidade pública: reflexões a partir da experiência chilena

Este artigo discute o colapso da universidade publica brasileira, como modelo universitario hegemonico. Tomando como referencia o caso chileno, analisa hipoteticamente as consequencias da diversificacao das fontes de financiamento, principal e mais polemica proposta para superar a crise de financiamento das universidades estatais, amplamente recomendada pelo Banco Mundial e balizada na crise fiscal do Estado. Nesse contexto, o autor aponta, na emergencia da ‘universidade mercantil’, um novo padrao de universidade e nao um mero adjetivo criado para rotular preconceituosamente tal ou qual instituicao de ensino superior do sistema privado. Esse novo modelo de universidade seria a base, a matriz, a plataforma sobre a qual se erguera todo o sistema universitario. A partir dela, cada universidade tera sua vocacao especifica, bem como fara o que bem entender com o superavit, as poupancas positivas ou o lucro. Trata-se de um modelo que permitira as universidades atuarem sem limitacoes nem camisas-de-forca no atendimento da demanda de mercado.
Cataract surgery by phacoemulsification in adults with retinopathy of prematurity.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report the preoperative, operative, and postoperative factors associated with phacoemulsification cataract surgery in adults with retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS: Records of patients with retinopathy of prematurity who underwent phacoemulsification at The Wilmer Institute between January 1990 and January 2000 were retrospectively searched. Seventeen adults (9 women, 8 men) with retinopathy of prematurity were identified who had undergone phacoemulsification for visually significant cataract or phacomorphic glaucoma and who had at least 6 months of postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: Cataract extraction by phacoemulsification was performed on 20 eyes. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 103 months (mean, 32 months). A posterior chamber intraocular lens was placed in 18 eyes; two eyes were left aphakic for refractive reasons. Zonular weakness was noted in two eyes in which the intraocular lens was suture fixated to the sclera. Concomitant trabeculectomy was performed in one eye. Visual acuity improved in 18 of 20 eyes and remained unchanged in two eyes. Postoperatively, visual acuity was worse than 5/200 in two eyes, 5/200 to worse than 20/100 in five eyes, 20/100 to 20/50 in five eyes, and 20/40 or better in eight eyes. One eye developed a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 1 month after cataract surgery; the retina was successfully reattached. CONCLUSIONS: Although cataract extraction in eyes with regressed retinopathy of prematurity may present challenges, such as high myopia, monocularity, glaucoma, and previous ocular surgery, phacoemulsification in this series proved to be relatively safe as well as visually rehabilitating. The surgeon should be aware of the special considerations in this population, alert to potential zonular weakness intraoperatively, and careful of increased postoperative risks, including retinal detachment.
The design of a processor architecture capable of forward and reverse execution

An approach to reversibility at the machine language level is discussed. The focus is upon instruction set design and associated machine language programming techniques. Sample programs run on a simulator developed as proof of concept for a reversible system demonstrate the viability of reversible programs and possible application areas. >
Congenital cataracts in two siblings with Wolfram syndrome.

Background: Wolfram syndrome is characterized by optic atrophy, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus and deafness. There are several other associated conditions reported in the literature, but congenital or early childhood cataracts are not among them.Materials and methods: Observational case series with confirmatory genetic analysis.Results: A pair of siblings, followed over 17 years, who manifest congenital or early childhood cataracts, diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness. They are both compound heterozygotes for mutations (V415 deletion and A684V substitution) in the WFS1 gene. Their father has congenital sensorineural hearing loss and developed optic atrophy. He is heterozygous for A684V in WFS1.Conclusions: Wolfram syndrome should be in the differential diagnosis of genetic syndromes associated with congenital and early childhood cataracts. Here, we report on a mother who is a phenotypically normal carrier of an autosomal recessive Wolfram syndrome ge...
Transient Receptor Potential Channels in the Vasculature

The mammalian genome encodes 28 distinct members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels, which exhibit varying degrees of selectivity for different ionic species. Multiple TRP channels are present in all cells and are involved in diverse aspects of cellular function, including sensory perception and signal transduction. Notably, TRP channels are involved in regulating vascular function and pathophysiology, the focus of this review. TRP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells participate in regulating contractility and proliferation, whereas endothelial TRP channel activity is an important contributor to endothelium-dependent vasodilation, vascular wall permeability, and angiogenesis. TRP channels are also present in perivascular sensory neurons and astrocytic endfeet proximal to cerebral arterioles, where they participate in the regulation of vascular tone. Almost all of these functions are mediated by changes in global intracellular Ca2+ levels or subcellular Ca2+ signaling events. In addition to directly mediating Ca2+ entry, TRP channels influence intracellular Ca2+ dynamics through membrane depolarization associated with the influx of cations or through receptor- or store-operated mechanisms. Dysregulation of TRP channels is associated with vascular-related pathologies, including hypertension, neointimal injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, pulmonary edema, and neurogenic inflammation. In this review, we briefly consider general aspects of TRP channel biology and provide an in-depth discussion of the functions of TRP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and perivascular cells under normal and pathophysiological conditions.
Spatial variations in the timing of annual floods in the southeastern United States

Cluster analysis of data from 806 USGS gaging stations in the southeastern US was used to investigate spatial variations in the timing of the annual flood. Three primary regions were identified with distinctly different seasonal flood regimes: the Gulf States Region, the Florida Region, and the Carolina Region. The cluster membership within each region shows a high degree of spatial homogeneity, with >90% of the stations belonging to one dominant cluster. The Gulf States Region (Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia) displayed the strongest seasonality in the study area, with a unimodal flood regime dominated by late winter/early spring flooding. Almost 71% of the annual floods occur from January though April with the highest monthly frequency occurring in March. The northern half of the Gulf States Region experiences a higher proportion of these floods in winter, while spring floods dominate in the southern half of the region. Along a 100 km wide belt bordering the Gulf Coast (coastal Mississippi, Alabama, and the panhandle of Florida) and extending into southeastern Georgia, the dominant late winter/early spring mode characteristic of the rest of the Gulf States Region is coupled with an increased incidence of summer and fall flooding (peaking in September). The flood regime in the Florida Region (peninsular Florida) is strongly bimodal, displaying a dominant September mode and a weak March mode. About 54% of the annual floods occur from August through October. The overall pattern in the Carolina Region (Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina) is characterized by a more uniform monthly distribution of annual floods than elsewhere in the study area. Nevertheless, the highest monthly frequencies occur in winter and spring (51% from January through April), while a secondary period of higher monthly frequencies occurs in August through October. Drainage area has little effect on regional patterns; however, the smaller watersheds within each region generally display higher annual flood frequencies during the summer and fall.
Rheology of Colloidal Gas Aphrons (Microfoams)

This paper reports on the effect of surfactant concentration and pipe shape and size on the rheological properties of colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) or microfoams. CGA consists of closely packed spherical gas bubbles with diameter ranging from 10 to 100m surrounded by a surfactant shell. It is produced by stirring an aqueous surfactant solution at high speed in a baffled beaker. Pipe flow experiments were performed in cylindrical pipes with diameter ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 mm under adiabatic laminar flow conditions. The porosity, bubble size distribution, surface tension, and pH were systematically measured. First, it is established that there was no slip velocity at the wall and CGA did not change morphology and porosity between the inlet and outlet of the pipes less than 2 mm in diameter. Compressibility effects were accounted for through the volume equalization approach. Then, pipe shape and diameter have no effect on the CGA rheology. Finally, CGA can be considered as a shear-thinning fluid. The dimensionless volume equalized shear stress � * is proportional to (Ca*) m where Ca* is the Capillary number and m = 0.65 ± 0.06. The results are in good agreement with theoretical models suggesting � *= C(x)(Ca*)2/3 where C(x )i s determined experimentally. It is established that C(x) increases with surfactant mass fraction x. The Fanning friction factor f for CGA under laminar flow conditions follows the standard relationship f =1 6/ReD where ˙
Esophagitis, Treatment-Related Toxicity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objectives: Radiation esophagitis represents a significant complication experienced by non-small cell cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving thoracic irradiation. The objective of the current review was to assess the clinical and dosimetrical parameters that may predict radiation esophagitis. Methods: Studies were identified by searching PubMed electronic databases. Both prospective and retrospective studies were included. Information regarding clinical and dosimetrical parameters predicting for radiation-induced esophagitis was extracted and analyzed. Results: The esophageal clinical and dosimetric parameters that best predict acute esophagitis remain unclear. In many reports, Vx (the volume of esophagus receiving x Gy) stands out, with values of x ranging from 20-70 Gy. Other studies conclude that the maximal dose received by any point of the esophagus is the best predictor of esophagitis. Another metric implicated with esophageal toxicity in some reports is the proportion of the esophageal circumference or surface area that receives high doses of radiation. Conclusions: Technological advancements in patient immobilization, setup verification, and radiotherapy delivery are increasingly being employed to limit the toxicity of thoracic irradiation. Future efforts are required to determine how these complex techniques should best be implemented to minimize the risks of acute and long-term esophageal injury.
Probabilistic Analysis of a Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Adder

Since nanoelectronic devices are likely to be defective and error-prone, developing an understanding of circuit reliabilities and critical components will be required. To this end, this paper examines reliability considerations of several sample circuits when implemented in a molecular QCA technology. Probabilistic transfer matrices are used to analyze an XOR, crossover, adder, and an adder using triple modular redundancy. This provides insight in answering how reliable emerging circuit components must be to have a reliable circuit and which of these components are the most critical. As will be shown, component error rates must be at or below 10~4 for an adder to function with 99% reliability and that the straight wire and majority gate are the most critical components to each circuit's reliability. It is also shown that the common assumption made in triple modular redundancy theory that only gates fail is insufficient for QCA.
Metabolic adaptation induced by meal-eating in the pig.

The effect of periodicity of eating on adipose tissue lipogenesis and enzymatic activity was investigated in pigs subjected to the following eating schedules. One group was fed ad libitum (nibbler) from a self-feeder; another group was allowed access to food daily from 8 AM to 10 AM only (meal-fed 2 hr/24) and the third group was allowed access to food from SAM to 10 AM every other day (meal-fed 2 hr/48). In addition the influence of periodicity of eating on weight gain, efficiency of food utilization, and on carcass character istics was determined. There was no significant difference in daily gain between the nibblers and those fed a 2-hour meal daily. However, both the nibbling pigs and those fed a 2-hour meal daily gained faster than pigs fed a single 2-hour meal every other day. Pigs fed a single daily meal (2 hr/24) were more efficient in food utilization than the nibbling animals. Seven hours after meal ingestion the incorporation of glucose-U-HC into fatty acids was significantly greater in adipose tissue slices from meal-fed pigs than from the pigs fed ad libitum. Adi pose tissue slices from pigs fed every other day (2 hr/48) had a higher rate of lipogenesis than did adipose tissue slices from pigs fed a single daily meal (2 hr/ 24). The results obtained from biopsy samples taken at three different times support the concept that a hyperlipogenic state can be produced in the pig by restricting the time in which the animal had access to food. J. Nutr. 102: 1115-1122, 1972.
The Tempo 2 Algorithm: Adjusting Time-Delays By Supervised Learning

In this work we describe a new method that adjusts time-delays and the widths of time-windows in artificial neural networks automatically. The input of the units are weighted by a gaussian input-window over time which allows the learning rules for the delays and widths to be derived in the same way as it is used for the weights. Our results on a phoneme classification task compare well with results obtained with the TDNN by Waibel et al., which was manually optimized for the same task.
The Completely Decentralized City The Case for Benefits Based Public Finance

An alternative to centralized top-down city governance is a multi-level bottom-up structure based on small neighborhood contractual communities. This paper analyzes the voting rules and public finances of decentralized, contractual urban governance and the likely outcome of such a constitutional structure, substantially reduced transfer seeking or rent seeking. Tax and service substitution, with lower-level funding and services substituting for higher-level public finance, is the general process by which the governance would devolve. Land rent is the most feasible source of such decentralized public finance, and local communities could also engage in local currency and credit services. Some empirical examples demonstrate the implementation of some of these governance structures.
Phone-Delivered Mindfulness Training for Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background The reduction in adrenergic activity and anxiety associated with meditation may be beneficial for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators.
Factors Contributing to Diabetes Patients Not Receiving Annual Dilated Eye Examinations

AbstractPurpose: Early detection of diabetic eye disease by dilated eye exam can limit potential vision loss from diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to examine what variables contribute to diabetes patients not receiving annual dilated eye examinations.Methods: This study used national 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data. Variables used in the analysis included sociodemographics, insurance status, mentally unhealthy days, receipt of annual dilated eye exams, insulin dependence, a history of diabetes education classes, timely annual diabetic foot exams, and history of cardiovascular disease. Survey proportions were calculated, and survey logistic regression was performed with the consideration of survey strata and weight to correct for biases.Results: The likelihood of receiving annual dilated eye exams was correlated with eight statistically significant variables. These variables included age category, income level, education level, health insurance status, mentall...
Regulation of neutrophils by interferon-γ limits lung inflammation during tuberculosis infection

Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires the host to restrict bacterial replication while preventing an over-exuberant inflammatory response. Interferon (IFN) γ is crucial for activating macrophages and also regulates tissue inflammation. We dissociate these two functions and show that IFN-γ−/− memory CD4+ T cells retain their antimicrobial activity but are unable to suppress inflammation. IFN-γ inhibits CD4+ T cell production of IL-17, which regulates neutrophil recruitment. In addition, IFN-γ directly inhibits pathogenic neutrophil accumulation in the infected lung and impairs neutrophil survival. Regulation of neutrophils is important because their accumulation is detrimental to the host. We suggest that neutrophilia during tuberculosis indicates failed Th1 immunity or loss of IFN-γ responsiveness. These results establish an important antiinflammatory role for IFN-γ in host protection against tuberculosis.
Adolescents' and parents' changing conceptions of parental authority.

Adolescents and parents view parents regulation of some aspects of adolescents lives as legitimate, but they disagree as to how much personal freedom adolescents should have. Too much parental control over personal issues in early adolescence leads to feelings of psychological control, but increasing autonomy over personal issues in later adolescence leads to better adjustment.
Medial-lateral postural control in older adults exhibits increased stiffness and damping

Older adults often exhibit increased co-contraction in response to a balance perturbation. This response is generally thought to enhance stability by increasing joint stiffness. We investigated the issue of increased stiffness in postural control by exposing seven older (75 ± 5 y) and ten young (24 ± 3 y) adults to pseudo-random medial-lateral (ML) floor tilts, and then fitting the measured ML body sway data to a previously-developed postural control model that includes stiffness and damping parameters. Significant increases were found in both parameters in the older adults compared to the young adults. This concurrent increase in stiffness and damping is more stabilizing than an increase in stiffness alone, which can lead to resonances.
Conditioned inhibition of fear resulting from negative CS-US contingencies.

Two experiments are reported which indicate that negative contingencies between CSs and shock set up conditioned inhibitors. In Experiment 1, this inhibition was measured by retardation in the subsequent acquisition of a CER to the CS. Stimuli with greater negative CS-US contingencies were more retarded in CER acquisition; various control procedures were employed. In Experiment 2, inhibition was measured by a summation technique. Conditioned stimuli with a history of greater negative relations to shock were more disruptive of the CER normally elicited by a second CS. Taken together, the experiments support the general hypothesis that CS-US contingency is an important factor in fear conditioning. American studies of Pavlovian conditioning have concerned themselves primarily with excitatory conditioning; very little exploration has been made of the phenomena of inhibitory conditioning. Although we know a great deal about procedures for setting up a CS an an elicitor of a Pavlovian conditioned response, our knowledge of the parameters affecting the establishment of a stimulus as a condi
Using Model Trees for Computer Architecture Performance Analysis of Software Applications

The identification of performance issues on specific computer architectures has a variety of important benefits such as tuning software to improve performance, comparing the performance of various platforms and assisting in the design of new platforms. In order to enable this analysis, most modern micro-processors provide access to hardware-based event counters. Unfortunately, features such as out-of-order execution, pre-fetching and speculation complicate the interpretation of the raw data. Thus, the traditional approach of assigning a uniform estimated penalty to each event does not accurately identify and quantify performance limiters. This paper presents a novel method employing a statistical regression-modeling approach to better achieve this goal. Specifically, a model-tree based approach based on the M5' algorithm is implemented and validated that accounts for event interactions and workload characteristics. Data from a subset of the SPEC CPU2006 suite is used by the algorithm to automatically build a performance-model tree, identifying the unique performance classes (phases) found in the suite and associating with each class a unique, explanatory linear model of performance events. These models can be used to identify performance problems for a given workload and estimate the potential gain from addressing each problem. This information can help orient the performance optimization efforts to focus available time and resources on techniques most likely to impact performance problems with highest potential gain. The model tree exhibits high correlation (more than 0.98) and low relative absolute error (less than 8 %) between predicted and measured performance, attesting it as a sound approach for performance analysis of modern superscalar machines
ezHPC: Adopting a Program-Wide, User-Centered Design Approach to the ezHPC User Interface

The Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center (ERDC MSRC) has been tasked by the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) to adopt a program-wide design for the development of the recently introduced ezHPC user interface. The purpose of ezHPC is to provide all HPCMP users intuitive, efficient access to high performance computing (HPC) resources needed in their regular course of work. At the core of user-centered design is an emphasis on fully understanding HPC users and their work environment, enabling support for user needs, not developer concerns, to drive the design process. Fulfilling this goal requires the use of a variety of methods from the field of usability engineering. For ezHPC, methods have included to date (1) inclusion of users as part of the design team, (2) a facilitated focus group session, (3) a usability walkthrough, (4) a usability evaluation, and (5) rapid prototyping. In adherence to user-centered design, a user group (UG) was formed to serve as participants in the design of the ezHPC software. ezHPC UG members participated in a recent workshop for the purpose of assessing and improving the usability of the program-wide version of ezHPC. Results are currently being used to guide the new design of the ezHPC interface using rapid prototyping. Prototypes are under development for regular reviews by the UG, followed by iterative refinement. This direct early involvement of users ensures more responsive, user- centered interfaces. Formal, large-scale usability evaluations are expected in the latter half of the software cycle.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Intraspecific Morphological Variation In Dactylogyrus simplexus from Fathead Minnows In Nebraska

Abstract Dactylogyrus simplexus Monaco and Mizelle, 1955, occurs on the gills of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Previous research on parasites of fathead minnows from 3 converging Nebraska streams, Elk Creek, Oak Creek, and West Oak Creek, shows that fish in each stream constitute distinct populations. To determine whether their parasites had diverged structurally in response to such isolation, or in response to seasonal change, we searched for patterns of intraspecific morphometric variation among D. simplexus. Over 3 collection dates in fall 2007, spring 2008, and fall 2009, 203 D. simplexus were collected from Elk and West Oak Creeks. We ran 1-way ANOVA to compare differences in 15 distinct point-to-point measurements of sclerotized parts across sites and collection dates. Significant differences were found in some D. simplexus measurements between Elk and West Oak Creeks for all 3 collection dates, but the characteristics that differed and the trend of variation between the creeks were not con...
The myoglobin-derived radical formed on reaction of metmyoglobin with hydrogen peroxide is not a tyrosine peroxyl radical.

The reductive cleavage of hydrogen peroxide by metmyoglobin produces a protein-derived, motionally restricted free radical detectable by the spin-trapping EPR technique. In order to determine if the detected radical was a peroxyl radical, 17O2 and anoxic conditions were employed. The EPR spectra of the metmyoglobin-derived radical adduct detected under nitrogen incubations were identical to those of the oxygenated systems in both intensity and form. No additional hyperfme couplings were detected in the EPR spectrum when 1702 was used. Both of these results indicate that a peroxyl radical derived from molecular oxygen was not found. Additionally, spectra of spin trapped metmyoglobin from four different mammalian species were examined. No significant difference was seen among any of the species, even though one of the species, sperm whale, has one more tyrosine residue than the others.
Mechanisms of Suppression

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the suppressor mutations are one class of secondary mutations that modify the phenotype in the presence of the originally mutant gene. In contrast to “enhancers” that make the mutant phenotype more extreme, suppressor mutations yield organisms phenotypically more like the wild type: The mutant phenotype is “suppressed.” Thus, suppressors are mutations that elicit a revertant or partially revertant phenotype. But suppressor mutations can be genetically separated, by recombination, from the mutations that they suppress. This review is intended as a supplement to some condensed reviews and more recent extensive summaries restricted to aspects of informational suppression. The purpose of this chapter is to describe systems that seem to be informative and/or illustrative of types, of suppressor activity. It also highlights that suppressor analysis can yield insight into arrays of problems, not readily subject to more classic genetic experimentation. Contributions to genetics and the resolving power of suppressor studies also are discussed in this chapter.
A description of nonfatal spinal cord injury using a hospital-based registry.

To formulate an epidemiologic description of West Virginia spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting in hospitalization, we used data collected during the West Virginia Spinal Cord Injury Registry’s first three years of operation, July 1985 through June 1988, supplemented by data from registries in neighboring states. The West Virginia registry was established to detect newly injured persons potentially in need of rehabilitation services. Because reporting is hospital based, the registry records only injured patients surviving until hospitalization. The overall incidence of hospitalized SCI patients was 25 per million per year; the sex-specific rate among men was 4.6 times the rate among women. Age-specific rates peaked in the 15—24 years age group and declined with increasing age. Motor vehicle crashes accounted for 69% of all hospitalized SCI; falls, for 21%; and sports, falling objects, and violence, for less than 10% each. Most cause-specific incidence rates were highest for young males; however, falls were more common for the elderly. At least 25% of victims used drugs or alcohol shortly before injury, and none injured in auto or truck crashes reported wearing seat belts. Quadriplegia resulted for 56% of recorded SCI patients, whereas paraplegia resulted for the remaining 44%. SCI was more common in the summer months, on weekends, and during late afternoon hours. Both neurologic deficit and time of occurrence varied by cause. Although limitations exist, registry data has proved useful in describing spinal cord injury in West Virginia and has potential public health use in guiding prevention programs.
Cross-cutting Cleavages and Ethnic Conflict: Evidence from Survey Experiments in Kyrgyzstan

In recent years there has been a revival in political science in thinking about political cleavages and how cross-cutting cleavages can contribute to inter-ethnic cooperation. In this paper we argue that cross-cutting cleavages alone are not enough to generate cooperation and that much depends on the details of the cleavage structure itself. We focus on two crucial aspects: the degree to which cross-cutting cleavages create symmetrical or mutual relationships and the level at which cleavages cross-cut. These cleavage characteristics will influence how populations respond to political elites' offers of alliances along cleavage dimensions and will therefore affect the ways in which underlying societal cleavages are translated into political outcomes. We make this argument with reference to a combination of survey experiments and observational data from a new two-round public opinion survey administered to 2700 citizens of Kyrgyzstan between September 2010 and January 2011, just months after a major outbreak of inter-ethnic violence. We argue that Kyrgyzstan is an important case for students of political cleavages because it illustrates the highly dynamic relationship between cleavage structures and politics.