cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1974: Functional characterization of Basonuclin 1 (BNC1): a novel tumor suppressor gene commonly downregulated in human prostate cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Prostate cancer (PCa) harbors a myriad of aberrant genomic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic inactivation of genes in PCa is largely based on transcriptional silencing by aberrant CpG methylation of CpG rich promoter regions. To better understand the role of aberrant methylation changes and to identify biological pathways likely to be affected in PCa, we used a genome-wide methylation array from Illumina (Infunium) to identify novel methylated genes associated to PCa. We identified several candidate genes including BNC1 as novel genes which are frequently methylated and whose methylation closely related to inactivation of gene expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Basonuclin1 is a zinc finger transcription factor that interacts with a subset of promoters of genes transcribed by both RNA polymerase-I and -II and has roles in maintaining ribosomal biogenesis and the proliferative potential of immature epithelial cells. We found that the expression of BNC1 negatively correlated with the degree of methylation at the CpG island in prostate tumor samples compared to benign prostate tissues. The forced-expression of BNC1 significantly decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation whereas the siRNA mediated BNC1 knock-down increased prostate cancer cell proliferation. Overall, our data suggest a potential tumor suppressor role for BNC1 that includes regulation of cell proliferation and cell-cell interaction in prostate carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Bernard Kwabi-Addo, Songping Wang, Paulett Furbert-Harris, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Joseph Devaney. Functional characterization of Basonuclin 1 (BNC1): a novel tumor suppressor gene commonly downregulated in human prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1974. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1974
MRI in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment

Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment are important health care issues in the Industrialized World. About 180,000 new breast cancers are discovered annually in the United States. Because this cancer often occurs in premenopausal women, breast cancer is a leading cause of potential life years lost. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable of producing detailed information concerning the extent and character of breast lesions. The technique and alternatives for generating high-resolution breast MR images are reviewed. Characteristic features of a pulse sequence for breast imaging includes heavy T1 weighting and magnetization transfer weighting for more effective gadolinium contrast, fat suppression, and rapid acquisition time. MRI is best employed for breast cancer diagnosis as a supplement to conventional breast imaging. Diagnostic groups particularly well suited to breast MRI include women with radiographically dense breasts, silicone augmentation, and postoperative scar. The capacity of breast MRI to show disease extent is employed to plan and localize for breast-conservation therapy. Tumor size and multiple tumors can be characterized for more-effective surgical management. Ductal carcinoma in situ can be imaged and staged for tailored therapy. MRI-directed biopsy and localization can be used to optimize lumpectomy surgery and reduce the potential for histologically positive margins. MRI can define the effectiveness of radiation therapy and chemotherapy to provide improved information on nonsurgical treatment of breast cancer. The clinical implementation of breast MRI in the future depends on the careful coordination of quality MRI images and interpretations with skillful therapeutic management.
Patient Requests for Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in Terminal Illness: The Role of the Psychiatrist

Psychosocial assessment and treatment are critical elements of care for terminally ill patients who desire hastened death. Most patients, in saying that they want to die, are asking for assistance in living—for help in dealing with depression, anxiety about the future, grief, lack of control, dependence, physical suffering, and spiritual despair. In this article, the authors review current understandings of the psychiatric aspects of requests by terminally ill patients for assisted suicide and euthanasia; describe an approach to the common problems of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual suffering encountered in managing dying patients; and elaborate the functions of the psychiatrist in addressing these problems.
Gender Differences in Coping Strategies of Spousal Dementia Caregivers

Abstract A sample of 63 spousal dementia caregivers was obtained through the Orange and Los Angeles Caregivers Resource Centers (CRC). Subjects completed the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Coping Strategy Indicator. Results indicated significant gender differences in regard to both depression and coping strategies. Women were significantly more depressed than men. Female caregivers sought more social support and employed more avoidance strategies than did males. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation found between social support and depression, and a significant positive correlation between avoidance strategies and depression. Implications include increasing the level of social support and reducing the level of avoidance strategies used among caregivers in an effort to improve their quality of life.
Acute renal failure in pregnancy.

Objectives: To provide an evidence-based, up-to-date review of the literature regarding the assessment and management of acute renal failure that may affect women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Design: A review of the current literature was performed. Results: Acute renal failure is a rare complication of pregnancy but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Management requires knowledge of the renal physiologic changes occurring in pregnancy and the relevant diagnoses, both pregnancy-specific and those that may coincidentally occur with pregnancy. In addition, fetal effects must be taken into consideration. Conclusions: Ideal care for women with acute renal failure in pregnancy or postpartum requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include maternal-fetal medicine, critical care medicine, nephrology, and neonatology specialists.(Crit Care Med 2005; 33[Suppl.]:S372‐S384)
Absorption and emission of thin solid films of octaethylporphin

Abstract Absorption and emission spectra at room temperature and emission spectra atliquid nitrogen temperature are reported for thin solid films of free base octaethylporphin. The room temperature visible absorption spectrum resembles that of the solution, except all four peaks show a red shift of ≈ 12 nm and all except the farthest red are broadened. The Soret band in the near UV is greatly broadened in the film, and its peak absorbance is substantially reduced. The room-temperature emission of the films is quite similar to that of solution fluorescence, except for a red-shift of ≈ 10 nm. But at low temperature two new peaks appear at 657 and 672 nm. Their intensity as a function of temperature can be explained by a simple exciton trapping model.
Cytochrome bc 1 and b 6 f complexes of photosynthetic membranes.

All photosynthetic membranes contain a cytochrome bc1 or b6f complex that catalyzes the oxidation of quinols and the reduction of a high-potential electron carrier, such as cytochrome c2 or plastocyanin. The cytochrome complex also functions in the translocation of protons across the membrane and as a consequence, establishes the proton motive force that is used for the synthesis of ATP. The structure and function of the cytochrome complexes are first reviewed in this chapter. Amino acid sequence information for almost all of the protein subunits of these complexes is now available, and these allow for a detailed consideration of functional domains in the protein subunits and for a further discussion of the evolution of the cytochrome complex in photosynthetic organisms.
Multiplex High-Resolution Melting Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool for Detection of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase Genes

High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis can be a diagnostic tool to evaluate the presence of resistance genes with the added bonus of discriminating sequence modifications. A real-time, multiplex PCR assay using HRM was designed for the detection of plasmid-mediated ampC genes. The specificity and sensitivity of this assay were 96% and 100%, respectively.
Long-term memory for pavlovian fear conditioning requires dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and basolateral amygdala.

The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is essential for learning in a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm known as fear-potentiated startle (FPS). Mice lacking the ability to synthesize DA fail to learn the association between the conditioned stimulus and the fear-inducing footshock. Previously, we demonstrated that restoration of DA synthesis to neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was sufficient to restore FPS. Here, we used a target-selective viral restoration approach to determine which mesocorticolimbic brain regions receiving DA signaling from the VTA require DA for FPS. We demonstrate that restoration of DA synthesis to both the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) is required for long-term memory of FPS. These data provide crucial insight into the dopamine-dependent circuitry involved in the formation of fear-related memory.
Facing the challenges of teaching IT ethics

Faculty members teaching a discussion-intensive course in Information Technology ethics often face a number of challenges. In order to make the class effective, students must be sufficiently prepared to participate in class discussions. Students must feel comfortable and safe enough to openly share their opinions. Grading both discussion participation and papers can be daunting to those of us accustomed to objectively grading a tangible product, such as a program or a project. Finally, students must view the ethical scenarios as relevant to them and their careers. This paper describes techniques used in an introductory course in IT ethics to address these challenges.
III-nitride tunnel junctions for efficient solid state lighting

We discuss the design and demonstration ultra-low resistance III-nitride tunnel junctions, and how tunnel junctions could solve the long-standing problem of efficiency droop in solid state lighting. We have used nanoscale band engineering based on polarization and mid-gap states to reduce tunneling resistance by four orders of magnitude. We will discuss experimental demonstration of highly efficient tunnel junctions (resistivity ~ 0.1 mOhm-cm 2 ) in PN junctions, p-contact free LEDs, and multiple junction structures. Finally we will show how tunneling based carrier regeneration in multiple active region cascade LEDs could help to enable low current, high voltage operation to overcome the efficiency droop problem.
Changes in vibrational entropy during the early stages of chemical unmixing in fcc Cu–6% Fe

A nanocrystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution of 6% Fe in Cu was prepared by high-energy ball milling, and annealed at temperatures from 200 to 360 °C to induce chemical unmixing. The chemical state of the material was characterized by three-dimensional atom probe microscopy, Mossbauer spectrometry and X-ray powder diffractometry. The unmixing was heterogeneous, with iron atoms forming iron-rich zones that thicken with further annealing. The phonon partial density of states (pDOS) of ^(57)Fe was measured by nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, showing the pDOS of the as-prepared material to be that of an fcc crystal. The features of this pDOS became broader in the early stages of unmixing, but only small changes in average phonon frequencies occurred until the body-centered cubic (bcc) phase began to form. The vibrational entropy calculated from the pDOS underwent little change during the early stage of annealing, but decreased rapidly when the bcc phase formed in the material.
Pharmacotherapy of somatoform disorders

Abstract Objective This paper reviews the published literature on the pharmacologic management of somatoform disorders. Methods Using Medline, the author identified all articles published between 1970 and 2003 on this topic, selecting the best-designed studies for inclusion. Results The review reveals that patients with the obsessional cluster of somatoform disorders (hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder [BDD]) respond well to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Less is known about the pharmacologic responsiveness of patients with the primarily somatic cluster of somatoform disorders (somatization, pain), a patient group that is common in the health provider's office. Conclusions Improvements in the design of future clinical trials are needed. A particular focus needs to be applied to study the neglected area of the pharmacologic treatment of syndromal and subsyndromal somatization and pain disorders.
Exceptional prevalence of interatrial block in a general hospital population.

Background: Interatrial block (IAB: P wave ≥ 110 ms) is a strong correlate of left atrial (LA) enlargement and an important predictor of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, notably atrial fibrillation and flutter. It is surprising that, despite its association with arrhythmias and its effects on the electromechanical properties of the left atrium, there is widespread neglect of this common abnormality. Hypothesis: The study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of IAB in a general hospital population. Methods: We prospectively evaluated the electrocardiograms of 1,000 consecutive adult patients, analyzed for P-wave duration. Results: Our results showed a very high prevalence of IAB (41.1% of patients in sinus rhythm and 32.8% of all patients). As expected, it was more common in patients aged > 60 years. Conclusions: Given this unusually high prevalence of IAB in hospital patients and its ominous portents (LA enlargement, thrombosis and embolism, arrhythmias), physicians should be aware of its frequency and computer software should be programmed to recognize it.
Coalescence of deep and superficial epileptic foci into larger discharge units in adult rat neocortex

Epilepsy is a disease of neuronal hyper-synchrony that can involve both neocortical and hippocampal brain regions. While much is known about the network properties of the hippocampus little is known of how epileptic neocortical hyper-synchrony develops. We aimed at characterizing the properties of epileptic discharges of a neocortical epileptic focus. We established a multi-electrode-array method to record the spatial patterns of epileptiform potentials in acute adult rat brain slices evoked by 4-Aminopyridine in the absence of magnesium. Locations of discharges mapped to two anatomical regions over the somatosensory cortex and over the lateral convexity separated by a gap at a location matching the dysgranular zone. Focal epileptiform discharges were recorded in superficial and deep neocortical layers but over superficial layers, they exhibited larger surface areas. They were often independent even when closely spaced to one another but they became progressively coupled resulting in larger zones of coherent discharge. The gradual coupling of multiple, independent, closely spaced, spatially restricted, focal discharges between deep and superficial neocortical layers represents a possible mechanism of the development of an epileptogenic zone.
Elevated Blood Ethanol Levels Caused by 'Non-Alcoholic' Beer

With the availability of non-alcoholic beer, many patients are substituting non-alcoholic beer for regular beer. Moreover, several clinicians advocate the use of non-alcoholic beer by alcoholics when there is a possibility of relapse. However, patients with alcoholic end-stage liver disease can accumulate substantial circulating ethanol levels even when they consume non-alcoholic beer. We present a case of a patient with end-stage liver disease who achieved a blood alcohol level of 57 mg/dL after drinking non-alcoholic beer.
Correspondence between the RAND-Negative Impact of Asthma on Quality of Life item bank and the Marks Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Abstract Background In many research and clinical settings in which patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are used, it is often desirable to link scores across disparate measures or to use scores from 1 measure to describe scores on a separate measure. However, PRO measures are scored by using a variety of metrics, making such comparisons difficult. Objective The objective of this article was to provide an example of how to transform scores across disparate measures (the Marks Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire [AQLQ-Marks] and the newly developed RAND–Negative Impact of Asthma on Quality of Life item bank [RAND-IAQL-Bank]) by using an item response theory (IRT)-based linking method. Methods Our sample of adults with asthma (N = 2032) completed 2 measures of asthma-specific quality of life: the AQLQ-Marks and the RAND-IAQL-Bank. We use IRT-based co-calibration of the 2 measures to provide a linkage, or a common metric, between the 2 measures. Co-calibration refers to the process of using IRT to estimate item parameters that describe the responses to the scales’ items according to a common metric; in this case, a normal distribution transformed to a T scale with a mean of 50 and an SD of 10. Results Respondents had an average age of 43 (15), were 60% female, and predominantly non-Hispanic White (56%), with 19% African American, 14% Hispanic, and 11% Asian. Most had at least some college education (83%), and 90% had experienced an asthma attack during the last 12 months. Our results indicate that the AQLQ-Marks and RAND-IAQL-Bank scales measured highly similar constructs and were sufficiently unidimensional for IRT co-calibration. Once linked, scores from the 2 measures were invariant across subgroups. A crosswalk is provided that allows researchers and clinicians using AQLQ-Marks to crosswalk to the RAND-IAQL toolkit. Conclusions The ability to translate scores from the RAND-IAQL toolkit to other “legacy” (ie, commonly used) measures increases the value of the new toolkit, aids in interpretation, and will hopefully facilitate adoption by asthma researchers and clinicians. More generally, the techniques we illustrate can be applied to other newly developed or existing measures in the PRO research field to obtain crosswalks with widely used traditional legacy instruments.
Textured BSCCO/Ag superconducting microcomposites with improved critical current density through mechanical deformation

Mechanical deformation has been used to produce BSCCO/Ag superconducting microcomposite ribbons with a c-axis-oriented texture and greatly improved critical current density, Jc. Melt-spun precursor ribbons were oxidized and annealed to produce a well developed '2223' phase, then subjected to mechanical deformation and annealing to produce a textured microstructure. Superconducting BSCCO/Ag ribbons with TR=0=104-110 K and Jc(77) of 4000-10000 A cm-2 have been produced by this method. The Lotgering factor, F, was measured by X-ray diffraction to determine the degree of c-direction texture of the '2223' phase. Jc in a magnetic field was measured to study the effect of microstructural texturing on the field dependence of Jc. This study concentrated on the interrelations between the deformation processes, the degree of c-axis texturing and Jc. Microstructural observation and electron probe microanalysis were also performed to study the relationships between the processing parameters, microstructure and transport properties. The chemical composition and annealing conditions were optimized to maximize the quantity of the '2223' phase, to reduce the amount of the non-superconducting Ca- and Cu-rich phases, and to produce a high degree of texture.
Vortex Formation in a Friction Layer: A Numerical Simulation

Abstract Axially symmetric thermal convection in a rotating environment with a friction layer is investigated by numerically integrating an appropriate system of equations. The study examines the influence of the friction layer upon dry adiabatic thermal convection and the resulting vortex formation process by making comparative computer runs, with and without addition of the friction layer, for four values of ambient-vertical vorticity. The analysis shows that the addition of a friction layer has a significant influence on the resulting velocity distributions. Friction-induced radial convergence adds to the central updraft of the rising thermal and increases its rate of rise. This friction layer enhancement increases with larger rotation rates and consequently overcomes the correspondingly increased rotational suppression. The vortex height is observed to be greater for the friction layer runs. Additionally, the vortex is observed to have a smoother but less intense profile of tangential velocity with th...
ASAS centennial paper: Farm animal welfare science in the United States.

Compared with the more traditional sciences of nutrition, physiology, and reproduction, the acceptance of animal welfare science in its own right is still relatively new. Seven colleagues, who had an aver- age of 10 yr experience with beef (n = 5), swine (n = 5), dairy (n = 2), poultry (n = 1), and sheep (n = 1) were asked several questions on the opportunities and challenges facing the field. The information collected was pooled for anonymity. General challenges identi- fied by the group were (1) are we making progress and how can this be defined, (2) demand for information has outpaced the science, and (3) pressures from stake- holders. Solutions were (1) to continue providing sound science that has been validated, measured objectively, and is reliable; and (2) to continue to have animal sci- ence and veterinary medicine departments employ fac- ulty trained in farm animal welfare. Highlights for the future were willingness for animal welfare scientists to work across disciplines and across departments, within the same institution, and enthusiastically across state lines, and expansion of new teaching models. In con- clusion, new and innovative tools, personalities, and dedication to the field of animal welfare will continue to provide scientific information and direction for farm animal welfare science.
Random dynamical systems: a review

This paper provides a review of some results on the stability of random dynamical systems and indicates a number of applications to stochastic growth models, linear and non-linear time series models, statistical estimation of invariant distributions, and random iterations of quadratic maps.
Change in Field Turbidity and Trace Element Concentrations During Well Purging

Various physical and chemical properties were monitored sequentially in the field during well purging as indicators of stabilization of the composition of the water in the well. Turbidity was monitored on site during purging of oxic water from three wells with screened intervals open to an unconfined aquifer system in the Coastal Plain of southern New Jersey to determine if stabilization of turbidity is a reliable indicator of the optimum purge time required to collect unbiased trace element samples. Concurrent split (one filtered, one unfiltered) samples collected during purging of the wells were analyzed for concentrations of trace elements so that the relationships between trace element concentrations and turbidity could be compared. Turbidity correlated with the whole water recoverable (WWR) concentration of trace element species, such as iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) in the oxic ground water. Turbidity appeared to be independent of other field-measured characteristics of water such as conductivity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. The WWR concentration of lead and copper, considered to be hydrophobic, correlated significantly with the sum of the WWR concentration of Fe, Al, and Mn. High values of field-measured turbidity were a key indicator of an overestimate of ambient hydrophobic trace element WWR concentrations. Stabilization of turbidity was a better indicator of stable, unfiltered trace element concentrations than were the other commonly measured field characteristics. At one well, turbidity was a better indicator of stable, filtered trace element concentrations than the other commonly measured field characteristics. As analytical methods for trace elements improve resulting in smaller MRLs (method reporting levels) and better precision, turbidity of ground water at values of less than 10 NTU (nepheiometric turbidity units) will become important in interpreting the significance of both unfiltered and filtered sample results.
Polymers have intelligent' surfaces: polymer surface dynamics

The "intelligence" of synthetic macromolecules is currently a topic of great interest, popularity, and activity. The understanding of macromolecule mechanics and dynamics has reached the stage where unique and novel applications are being developed.Here I present basic principles of polymer surface science, bulk polymer dynamics, and some selected areas in polymer surface dynamics.I include a brief treatment of the complexity of highly dynamic, multi-domain, macromolecular surfaces and their interactions with highly dynamic, multi-domain "block copolymer" proteins which are important in biocompatibility and biotechnology.
Preschoolers' beliefs about sex and age differences in emotionality

The goal of the present study was to assess preschoolers' beliefs about the frequency and intensity with which boys, girls, women, and men experience anger, sadness, and happiness. Sixty-seven middle-class preschool children (35 girls, 32 boys) were presented with drawings of adult and child figures of each sex, and were asked to rate how frequently and intensely the emotions were felt (91% of the children were white; the remainder were primarily black). Children's gender stereotyped beliefs were particularly strong for sadness and appeared to be based on a deficit-experience model for males. Sex of target differences also were found for children's beliefs about anger (favoring males). However, the sex difference in anger was based more on the degree to which anger is believed to be experienced rather than on differences in beliefs regarding males' and females' capacity to experience anger. Age of target differences were also found for sadness and anger, but not for happiness. It was concluded that preschoolers' beliefs about differences in emotions are complex, and vary as a function of the sex and age of the target person, and as a function of the specific emotion.
Location of scaffolds in bioreactors modulates the hydrodynamic environment experienced by engineered tissues

Physical forces experienced by engineered-tissues during in vitro cultivation influence tissue growth and function. The hydrodynamic environment within bioreactors plays a decisive role in providing the necessary physical stimuli and nutrient transport to support tissue development. Our overall goal is to investigate interrelationships between the local hydrodynamic environment in the bioreactor and the structural and functional tissue properties in order to optimize the production of clinically relevant engineered-tissues. To this end, we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to characterize the complex hydrodynamic environment in a wavy-walled bioreactor used for cultivation of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs and examined the changes in the flow field due to the presence of constructs. The flow-induced shear stress range experienced by engineered constructs cultivated in the wavy-walled bioreactor (0–0.67 dyn/cm2) was found to be significantly lower than that in the spinner flask (0–1.2 dyn/cm2), and to be modulated by the radial or axial position of the constructs. These CFD results are validated by experimental particle-image velocimetry (PIV) measurements previously reported by our group. Results from the present study indicate that the location of constructs in the bioreactor not only affected the magnitude and distribution of the shear stresses on the constructs, but also other hydrodynamic parameters, such as the directional distribution of the fluid velocity and the degree of fluid recirculation, all of which may differentially influence the development of tissue-engineered constructs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 282–294. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of the activity of Au/CeO2 and Au/Fe2O3 catalysts for the CO oxidation and the water-gas shift reactions

We compare the activity and relevant gold species of nanostructured gold–cerium oxide and gold–iron oxide catalysts for the CO oxidation by dioxygen and water. Well dispersed gold nanoparticles in reduced form provide the active sites for the CO oxidation reaction on both oxide supports. On the other hand, oxidized gold species, strongly bound on the support catalyze the water-gas shift reaction. Gold species weakly bound to ceria (doped with lanthana) or iron oxide can be removed by sodium cyanide at pH ≥12. Both parent and leached catalysts were investigated. The activity of the leached gold–iron oxide catalyst in CO oxidation is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that of the parent material. However, after exposure to H2 up to 400 °C gold diffuses out and is in reduced form on the surface, a process accompanied by a dramatic enhancement of the CO oxidation activity. Similar results were found with the gold–ceria catalysts. On the other hand, pre-reduction of the calcined leached catalyst samples did not promote their water-gas shift activity. UV–Vis, XANES and XPS were used to probe the oxidation state of the catalysts after various treatments.
Cross-cultural care for PTSD: Research, training, and service needs for the future†

Treating the consequences of violence in refugees, immigrants, and other minority groups is complicated by several factors. One of these factors involves the treatment of such problems, which are often related to both past violence as well as to current adverse conditions or precipitants. Another factor relates to cross-cultural assessment and treatment, which requires special education, experience, and supervision. Thirdly, there is usually the matter of concurrent acculturation, which may be undermined by biopsychosocial maladjustment due to past violence and which may in turn precipitate psychiatric syndromes that are related to previous violence. The future implications of these factors for research, training, and service needs are reviewed in this paper.
Negative time delay in strongly naked singularity lensing

We model the supermassive Galactic center of the Milky Way Galaxy as a strongly naked singularity lens described by the Janis--Newman--Winicour metric. This metric has an ordinary mass and massless scalar charge parameters. For very accurate results, we use the Virbhadra--Ellis lens equation for computations. The Galactic center serving as a gravitational lens gives rise to four images: two images on the same side as the source and two images on the opposite side of the source from the optic axis. We compute positions and time delays of these images for many values of the angular source position. The time delays of primary images decrease with an increase in angular source position and are always negative. The time delays of the other three images are negative for a small angular source position; however, they increase with an increase in the angular source position. Such observations would support strongly naked singularity interpretation of the Galactic center, and would disprove the cosmic censorship hypothesis proposed by Roger Penrose as well as a weaker version by Virbhadra that allows the existence of weakly, but not marginally, and strongly naked singularities.
Safety and Postoperative Adverse Events in Pediatric Otologic Surgery Analysis of American College of Surgeons NSQIP-P 30-Day Outcomes

Objectives Describe safety and postoperative sequelae of pediatric otologic surgery and identify predictive factors for postoperative events. Study design Retrospective cohort study of the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) database. Setting Data pooled from the 2012 NSQIP-P public use file (50 institutions). Subjects and methods Current procedural terminology codes were used to identify children who underwent otologic surgery. Variables of interest included demographics and 30-day postoperative events grouped as reoperation, readmission, and complication. Event rates were determined and prevalence of events compared by procedure type and within patient subgroups according to chi-square analysis. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated predictive factors for postoperative events. Results Of 37,319 pediatric operations, 2556 (6.8%) were otologic procedures. The most common procedure was tympanoplasty (n = 893, 34.9%), followed by myringoplasty (n = 741, 30.0%), cochlear implantation (n = 464, 18.2%), and tympanomastoidectomy (n = 458, 17.9%). There were 9 reoperations (0.4%), 32 readmissions (1.3%), and 18 complications (0.7%). Children undergoing tympanomastoidectomy or cochlear implantation were more likely to be readmitted irrespective of other factors (odds ratio = 5.5, P = .010; odds ratio = 3.5, P = .083). Children Conclusion Pediatric otologic procedures are common and have low rates of global 30-day postoperative events. Tympanomastoidectomy and cochlear implantation have the highest risk of 30-day readmission. Young children (
Career decisions of dual military career couples: A multidisciplinary analysis of the U.S. Army

Abstract Dual career or two earner couples have been a significant and a growing component of both the civilian and the military labor force. Further, the number of dual military career couples has increased as the number of women in the U.S. Armed Forces has increased. In this paper, we hypothesized that career intentions of these couples were interdependent and a function of variables from economics, psychology, and sociology Results, based on the 1985 U.S. Army Dual Career Survey, supported this hypothesis. Soldiers' intentions to remain in the U.S. Army were positively related to perceived spouse's intention to stay in the Army, family income, family size. career commitment, and job satisfaction. Policy implications of these results are discussed in the context of military downsizing.
The Total Synthesis of Eleutherobin

The total synthesis of the title compound (1), starting with (R)-(−)-α-phellandrene (6), has been accomplished. The synthesis rigorously proves the relative stereochemical relationship of the diterpenoid and carbohydrate domains of eleutherobin. Key reactions included a Nozaki−Kishi ring closure to produce a furanophane (see 37 → 38), a pyranose to furanose transposition (see 50 → 47), and a novel oxycarbaglycosidation (cf. 58 → 87) for joining the two domains.
Acute‐onset sarcoidosis presenting as workplace‐related hyperreactive airway disease

Bechtel et al [Am Rev Respir Dis 124:759-761, 1981] have reported a high prevalence of positive methacholine challenge tests in patients with sarcoidosis. We report a patient with sarcoidosis who was identified because of symptoms resulting from exposure to workplace irritants. The presence of hyperreactive airways was confirmed by a positive methacholine challenge.
Charge conjugation and neutrino magnetic moments

Abstract We discuss a variant of the Voloshin mechanism in which the transition magnetic moment neutrino, Ω eτ , is nonzero in one loop, while the neutrino mass is a three loop effect. For a neutrino mass of less than 1 eV, the transition moment can easily be as large as ≈ 10−11 Bohr magnetons.
Large-scale experiments on low-bit-rate multimedia broadcast

This paper contains our experience with low bit rate multimedia streaming and broadcast, as applied to the Internet/Intranet, and focuses on two of the enabling technologies: 100% Java clients and broadcast reflectors. Interpreted Java is slower than compiled C/C++ and Java platforms do not currently support video and audio synchronization. Various techniques to improve Java performance and to reduce code size are provided in detail. A novel video and audio synchronization mechanism for the pure Java environment is devised and instigated. This paper also describes a hierarchical reflector network architecture which, superimposed on the Internet, is a practical alternative for broadcasting of events to massive client audiences when multicast support of such audiences in the current Internet is questionable and remains untested.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The alcohol industry and trade agreements: a preliminary assessment

Aims To review trade agreements, their relation to alcohol control policy and examine the role of the alcohol industry in supporting and attempting to influence trade policy. Methods Review of peer review, public health advocacy literature (both pro and con on free trade), business, press and government documents on trade agreements, assess current and potential challenges by trade agreements to alcohol control policy and investigate the means and extent of industry influence in trade agreements. Findings ‘Free’ trade agreements reduce trade barriers, increase competition, lower prices and promote alcohol consumption. However, international treaties, negotiated by free trade experts in close consultation with corporate lobbyists and without significant, if any, public health input, governments and corporations contain significant provisions that will result in increased alcohol consumption and may challenge public health measures of other nations as constraints on trade. Conversely, alcohol control measures seek to reduce access and consumption, raise prices and restrict advertising and product promotion. The prospect is for increased alcohol consumption and concomitant problems throughout the world. Conclusions Trade agreements challenge effective alcohol control policies. The alcohol industry seeks to influence agreements and can be expected to work through trade agreements to reduce tariffs, increase market access and seek to restrict effective domestic regulations. Further research is needed on the impact of trade agreements and the ongoing role of the industry. Advocates must recognize the inherent conflicts between unbridled free trade and public health, work to exclude alcohol from trade agreements, counter industry influence and protect alcohol control policies.
Demonstration of Robertsonian fusion by silver staining in a 13/14 translocation in man.

G banded karyotypic analysis of normal parents, whose second child was stillborn with multiple congenital abnormalities, revealed a normal 46, XY father and 45, XX, t (13q; 14q) mother. By a simplified silver staining technique it was possible to demonstrate that the entire secondary constriction of both chromosomes were lost in the process of translocation. C banding displayed the translocated chromosome to be monocentric. We therefore conclude that the translocation represents a typical Robertsonian fusion. Loss of two nucleolar organizers has seemingly no deleterious effect in development.
Quantum dot intersublevel light emitters

Self-organized quantum dots have been used with great success in quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs), wherein intersublevel transitions between confined electron states are utilized. Many attributes make self-organized quantum dots attractive for the realization of intersublevel infrared light sources for the mid- to far-infrared wavelength range. Intersublevel electroluminescence has been demonstrated from both bipolar and quantum cascade unipolar structures, with coherent emission observed in the bipolar case. Coherent mid-infrared emission from bipolar selforganized quantum dot devices has been observed at room temperature, centered at 13μm. The cavity is designed to support both intersublevel and interband light, so that interband lasing can quickly depopulate the ground state of the quantum dots. Devices show a distinct turn-on at 1.1kA/cm 2 but suffer from broad linewidth. Unipolar quantum dot cascade structures are being designed with a strain-compensating GaAs 1-x N x / GaAs injector region. Using this material system, structures with as many as 30 cascade periods have been successfully grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). TE polarized electroluminescence at 22μm has been observed from such structures at cryogenic temperatures.
Deletion of flanking ARS elements does not affect meiotic recombination at the HIS4 locus in yeast

The HIS4-BIK1 interval on chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a hotspot for meiotic recombination. Previous reports demonstrated that the initiating lesion is a double-stranded break which is subsequently processed in an asymmetric manner. Data presented here show that the efficiency of initiation of meiotic recombination is unaffected by the deletion of flanking ARS elements, and that the distribution of recombinants is not altered in strains heterozygous for these deletions. These results suggest that the initiation of recombination is not affected by the time of replication of the hotspot at HIS4. The data also indicate that altering the direction of replication-fork movement through the HIS4 region does not affect meiotic recombination.
Representation of a Theory of Currents

A canonical representation is given for a recently proposed theory of currents. The solutions differ from the analogous representation of Sugawara's theory in that one less constraint is present. This allows one to break the additional O(4) symmetry which would otherwise be present. The difficulties in obtaining perturbative solutions are the same in both theories.
Oceanic Observation of New York Bight by ERTS-1

ON August 16, 1972, the multispectral scanner (MSS) aboard the first Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) obtained images of New York Bight which contain information of oceanographic significance. The images demonstrate the effectiveness of satellite use in observing surface features that indicate variations of water quality.
Efficiency of Malaise traps and colored pan traps for collecting flower visiting insects from three forested ecosystems

Pan and Malaise traps have been used widely to sample insect abundance and diversity, but no studies have compared their performance for sampling pollinators in forested ecosystems. Malaise trap design and color of pan traps are important parameters that influence insect pollinator catches. We compared pan trap (blue, yellow, white, and red) and Malaise trap catches from forests in three physiographic provinces (Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Blue Ridge) of the southeastern United States. Similarities in trap performance between sites were observed with blue pan traps being most effective overall. Our results showed that various pollinator groups preferred certain pan trap colors and that adding color to Malaise traps influenced insect pollinator catches. However, pan traps generally caught more pollinators than Malaise traps. Because of their low cost and simplicity, using several colors of pan traps is an effective way to sample relative abundance and species richness of flower-visiting insects.
Home Parenteral Nutrition with Full-Time Home Care Nurses

A group of patients exists who cannot manage home parenteral nutrition (HPN) due to debilitating conditions and/or lack of family resources. They are limited to either nursing home placement or extended hospitalization unless home nursing care is provided. A 58-year-old single female with malabsorption secondary to scleroderma was sent home on cyclic HPN under the supervision of full-time home care nurses. A comprehensive patient-centered nurse training program was designed to teach nursing personnel from a private nursing service the theory and practice of HPN. Each nurse must achieve at least 80% in the theory posttest and demonstrate the competent performance of central venous catheter care, mixing of parenteral nutrition solutions, use of infusion pump, and application of the heparin lock. The results of the pre- and posttests have shown that the home care nurses have been able to learn the theory necessary for implementing HPN. The mean pretest value was 46% while the mean posttest value was 90% (n = 12, p = 0.01). The patient has been doing very well at home for 5 months in this psychologically, medically, and financially effective program covered by third party payers. To the best of our knowledge, this program has never before been accomplished.
Diurnal Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Patterns in Arizona during the Southwest Monsoon

Abstract Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning shows great variability across Arizona from one year to the next as well as from one day to the next. Availability of moisture, location of the subtropical ridge axis, transitory troughs in both the westerlies and easterlies, and low-level moisture surges from the Gulf of California can affect thunderstorm occurrence, which, in turn, will affect lightning production. Diurnal CG lightning patterns in Arizona are also determined by daily heating cycles and topography. Six years of Bureau of Land Management CG flash data are used in this investigation. In Arizona, lightning usually starts first, on a daily basis, in the plateau region and extends in an arc from the White Mountains of eastern Arizona westward across the Mogollon Rim and then northward onto the Kaibab Plateau of northern Arizona. Flash activity moves in a more or less continuous fashion off the plateau, south and westward down the topography gradient, and enters the lower desert by early evening. At the ...
5HT2A Receptor Binding is Increased in Borderline Personality Disorder

Background Postmortem studies in suicide victims demonstrate an increase in the number of post-synaptic 5-HT 2A receptor binding sites in ventral lateral and orbital frontal cortex. Diminished metabolic responses to serotonergic activation are noted in these areas in impulsive subjects with borderline personality disorder (BPD), a group at high risk for suicidal behaviors. We examined 5HT 2A receptor binding potential (BP) in impulsive subjects with BPD, with positron emission tomography neuroimaging with [ 18 F] altanserin. Methods Fourteen female subjects with BPD were assessed for Axis I comorbidity, depressed mood, impulsivity, aggression, suicidality, childhood abuse, and compared with 11 healthy female control subjects. The 5HT 2A receptor binding was evaluated in prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, hippocampus, temporal lobe, occipital cortex, and thalamus. Data were analyzed with Logan graphical analysis and a four-compartment (4C) model. Results Hippocampal 5HT 2A receptor binding was significantly increased in BPD subjects compared with control subjects in both Logan and 4C analyses, covarying for age. Hippocampal BP values were related to comorbid major depressive episode, with highest values found in non-depressed BPD subjects and lowest in healthy control subjects. The BP values were not related to depressed mood, impulsivity, aggression, suicidality, or childhood abuse. Conclusions 5HT 2A receptor binding is increased in the hippocampus of BPD subjects independent of depressed mood, impulsivity, aggression, suicidality, or childhood abuse. Dysregulation of serotonergic function in hippocampus might contribute to affective and behavioral symptoms in BPD.