cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Language versus logic: Responses to misleading classificatory questions

In this study we examined responses to apparent forced-choice questions in which two choices were presented as options and both were correct. The responses suggested by these questions were in conflict with responses based on simple classificatory logic. The results showed that adults, as well as children, were easily misled by the implication of the questions and there was no consistent evidence for increases in the number of “logical” responses as a function of age. However, when children and adults were initially given set-breaking items designed to sensitize them to the misleading nature of questions, they answered the set-breaking items as well as subsequent test items correctly. The results are consistent with pragmatic theories of language that stress the role of context and intentionality as major determinants of meaning.
THE EFFECT OF USER CHARACTERISTICS ON SEARCH OUTCOME IN MEDIATED ONLINE SEARCHING

The relationship between user characteristics and the outcome of an online search is a growing area of investigation. This paper reports results of a study which examined user characteristics during mediated online searching in an academic environment, which related to online search outcome. Results of the study indicate that the academic status of the users and their experience of a prior online search on their information problem was significantly related to the online search outcome.
Incident Ticket Analytics for IT Application Management Services

An important IT service outsourcing business is to resolve incidents related to IT infrastructures our clients contract our company to support. Incidents are recorded as structured and unstructured data in tickets, which contain various characteristics
The intricate link between violence and mental disorder: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions

Context: The relationship between mental illness and violence has a significant effect on mental health policy, clinical practice, and public opinion about the dangerousness of people with psychiatric disorders. Objective: To use a longitudinal data set representative of the US population to clarify whether or how severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression lead to violent behavior. Design:Data on mental disorder and violence were collected as part of the National Epidemiologic Survey on AlcoholandRelatedConditions(NESARC),a2-wavefaceto-face survey conducted by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Participants: A total of34653 subjects completed NESARC waves 1 (2001-2003) and 2 (2004-2005) interviews. Wave 1 data on severe mental illness and risk factors were analyzed to predict wave 2 data on violent behavior.
Conscience, Referral, and Physician Assisted Suicide

Practices such as physician assisted suicide, even if legal, engender a range of moral conflicts to which many are oblivious. A recent proposal for physician assisted suicide provides an example by calling upon physicians opposed to suicide to refer patients to other, more sympathetic, physicians. However, the proposal does not address the moral concerns of those physicians for whom such referral would be morally objectionable.
Control of human thermal comfort using digit feedback set point reset

This work presents a definition of human thermal comfort that can be used for control purposes. A control strategy and architecture based on a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller format is developed. Simulation results using a human thermal model are used to demonstrate the practicality of the comfort definition.
Kinesin-8 molecular motors: putting the brakes on chromosome oscillations

Recent studies suggest that the human Kinesin-8 molecular motor Kif18A has a role in chromosome congression. Specifically, these studies find that Kif18A promotes chromosome congression by attenuating chromosome oscillation magnitudes. Together with recent modeling work, in vitro studies, and the analysis of in vivo yeast data, these reports reveal how Kinesin-8 molecular motors might control chromosome oscillation amplitudes by spatially regulating the dynamic instability of microtubule plus-ends within the mitotic spindle.
Effects of Relative Size on Growth Rate and Time to Metamorphosis in Mole Salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum)

Phenotypic variation in a population is a key requirement for natural selection. Body size variation, in particular, can affect the dynamics, life history, and ecological relationships in a population. Past work suggests that variation in body size within a population reflects a competitive gradient in which larger individuals negatively affect smaller individuals because of the superior ability to obtain limited resources, a result of exploitative or interference competition. We hypothesized that, if larger individuals out-compete smaller individuals through aggressive interactions (interference competition), the individual's position in the size distribution of their population (relative size) would be a better predictor of growth rate and time to metamorphosis than would their absolute size. We tested for the effect of body size on future larval growth rates, time to metamorphosis, and aggressive behaviors in individual Ambystoma talpoideum using experimental microcosms. Larvae were reared in small groups, producing variation in growth and development within each group. Using mixed-model analyses, we found that relative size was the best predictor of time to metamorphosis and aggressive behaviors and that growth rate of individuals within these populations was best explained by absolute or relative size depending on life stage. The largest individuals within a tank made the most aggressive attacks, had faster growth rates when young, and the quickest time to metamorphosis, regardless of their absolute size. This study found evidence for a complex relationship between population size structure, growth rate, and time to metamorphosis by tracking the effects of relative size on individuals within a population.
An Extended Range Galvanometer Deflection Recording System

A method for making long focal length galvanometer mirrors is described, together with a scheme utilizing a multiple light source for extending the range of the galvanometer deflection recorder. The use of three-meter focal length mirrors and the multiple light source is described for a double galvanometer recorder placed at four meters from the recorder. The traces of the second galvanometer are made distinguishable from those of the first by recording dotted lines produced by a rotating vane in the light path of the second galvanometer. A trace of the ultraviolet continuum from a hydrogen emission spectrum is given on single and multiple range recordings to illustrate the use of this particular recorder.
A TYPOLOGY OF STUDENT ENGAGEMENT FOR AMERICAN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

The Carnegie classification system has served as a framework for research on colleges and universities for more than 30 years. Today, the system’s developers are exploring criteria that more effectively differentiate among institutions. One approach being considered is classifying institutions based on students’ educational experiences. This study explored whether it is possible to create a typology of institutions based on students’ experiences. Results indicated that such a typology could be created, and the types were somewhat independent of institutional mission (i.e., Carnegie classification)
Immobilized contrast-enhanced MRI: Gadolinium-based long-term MR contrast enhancement of the vein graft vessel wall.

An implantable MR contrast agent that can be covalently immobilized on tissue during surgery has been developed. The rationale is that a durable increase in tissue contrast using an implantable contrast agent can enhance post-surgical tissue differentiation using MRI. For small vessel (e.g., vein graft) MRI, the direct benefit of such permanent “labeling” of the vessel wall by modification of its relaxation properties is to achieve more efficient imaging. This efficiency can be realized as either increased contrast leading to more accurate delineation of vessel wall and lesion tissue boundaries, or, faster imaging without penalizing contrast-to-noise ratio, or a combination thereof. We demonstrate, for the first time, stable long-term MRI enhancement using such an exogenous contrast mechanism based on immobilizing a modified Gd-DTPA complex on a human vein using a covalent amide bond. Signal enhancement due to the covalently immobilized contrast agent is demonstrated for excised human vein specimens imaged at 3T, and its long-term stability is demonstrated during a 4-month incubation period.
Increased resistance in p-type poly-Si resistors by thermal anneal reduction interface charge

The effect of thermal annealing on characteristics of p-type poly-Si thin-film resistors was investigated. A significant increase was observed as the source/drain anneal temperature or anneal time was increased. The increased resistance is due to a reduction in current component arising from field-enhanced current via grain-boundary trap states at the drain end of the resistor. The reduction is this field-enhanced current arises primarily from a reduction of positive charge density at the top and bottom oxide/poly-Si interfaces of the thin-film resistor (and thus a reduction in the magnitude of the drain electric field) with increased annealing temperature and time. >
Predicting military and veteran suicide risk: Cultural aspects

This paper describes the three phases of the Durkheim Project. For this project we developed a clinician's dashboard that displays output of models predicting suicide risk of veterans and active duty military personnel. During phase one, we built the clinician’s dashboard and completed a Veterans Affairs (VA) predictive risk medical records study, based on an analysis of the narrative, or free text, portions of VA medical records, In phase two, we will predict suicide risk based on opt-in social media postings by patients using social media websites, e.g., Facebook. We describe the software infrastructure that we have completed for this phase two system. During phase three we will provide a three layer intervention strategy. We discuss our methodology for the three phases, including IRBapproved protocols for the first two phases and a soon-to-be approved IRB protocol for phase three.
An added-mass partition algorithm for fluid-structure interactions of compressible fluids and nonlinear solids

We describe an added-mass partitioned (AMP) algorithm for solving fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems involving inviscid compressible fluids interacting with nonlinear solids that undergo large rotations and displacements. The computational approach is a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian scheme that makes use of deforming composite grids (DCG) to treat large changes in the geometry in an accurate, flexible, and robust manner. The current work extends the AMP algorithm developed in Banks et al. 1 for linearly elasticity to the case of nonlinear solids. To ensure stability for the case of light solids, the new AMP algorithm embeds an approximate solution of a nonlinear fluid-solid Riemann (FSR) problem into the interface treatment. The solution to the FSR problem is derived and shown to be of a similar form to that derived for linear solids: the state on the interface being fundamentally an impedance-weighted average of the fluid and solid states. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the AMP algorithm is stable even for light solids when added-mass effects are large. The accuracy and stability of the AMP scheme is verified by comparison to an exact solution using the method of analytical solutions and to a semi-analytical solution that is obtained for a rotating solid disk immersed in a fluid. The scheme is applied to the simulation of a planar shock impacting a light elliptical-shaped solid, and comparisons are made between solutions of the FSI problem for a neo-Hookean solid, a linearly elastic solid, and a rigid solid. The ability of the approach to handle large deformations is demonstrated for a problem of a high-speed flow past a light, thin, and flexible solid beam.
Process Variation Aware Timing Optimization through Transistor Sizing in Dynamic CMOS Logic

A major challenge in the design of microprocessor circuits is transistor sizing in dynamic CMOS logic due to increased number of channel-connected transistors on various paths of the design, and increased magnitude of process variations in the nanometer process. This paper proposes a process variation aware transistor sizing algorithm for dynamic CMOS logic. The efficiency of this algorithm is illustrated first by a 2-b weighted binary-to-thermometric converter, of which the critical path delay was optimized from 355 to 157 ps which accounts for a 55.77% delay improvement, and the delay uncertainty due to process variation was optimized by 60.75%. A 4-b unity weight binary-to-thermometric converter was also optimized, of which the critical path delay was reduced from 152 to 103 ps which accounts for a 32.23% delay improvement, and delay uncertainty was optimized by 63.6%. Applying the proposed timing optimization algorithm to a mixed-dynamic-static CMOS 64-bit adder, the critical path delay and the power-delay-product were optimized to 632 ps and 84.17 pJ, respectively.
The Epidemiology of Stroke in Central Harlem

In January, 1971, the Regional Medical Program of New York implemented a comprehensive regional stroke program at Harlem Hospital in cooperation with Columbia University, New York, New York. The program is directed toward prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients. During the first year of the program, 395 patients with the diagnosis of acute stroke were admitted. Sixty-seven had not suffered an acute stroke. Of the remaining 328 patients with a verified acute stroke, 52 were classified as hemorrhagic. Only three patients with TIA were seen. One hundred thirteen patients, 40 of whom had suffered hemorrhagic strokes, died while in the hospital. Two hundred thirty-six patients had associated diseases, hypertension being the most common. The median age was 65 for women and 66 for men. Based on the 1970 census, the rate per 100,000 is estimated to be at least 212. Age-specific rates show a higher than expected rate among the younger age groups. Compared with similar studies of white populatio...
African-American Same-Gender-Loving Youths and Families in Urban Schools

Abstract The focus of this article is the phenomenological experiences of disadvantaged African-American same-gender-loving youths and their families within urban schools and surrounding lower-income communities. African-American disadvantaged youths are less likely than Euro-American youths to self-label as gay male, lesbian, or transgender youths. The author discusses the following topics: (1) Finkelhor's developmental victimology model, (2) African-American same-gender-loving youths, (3) the African-American families of same-gender-loving youths, (4) minority stress, and (5) urban schools.
Superplasticity and superplastic forming of ceramics

Recent advances in the basic understanding of superplasticity and superplastic forming of ceramics are reviewed. Deformation mechanisms as well as microstructural requirements for superplastic ceramics are discussed. Microstructural effects, such as grain size, dynamic grain growth, and the presence of grain-boundary liquid phases, on the superplastic properties and deformation behavior of ceramics are addressed. Superplastic forming, and particularly biaxial gas-pressure forming, of several ceramics, including YTZP and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/YTZP, is also presented. The forming behavior of these ceramics is correlated with that obtained from conventional uniaxial tests. Examples of concurrent superplastic forming and diffusion bonding (SPF/DB) of metal-ceramic hybrids are given.
CONSTRAINTS ON ANOMALIES.

The various coupling-constant-dependent numbers describing anomalous commutators are constrained by the nonrenormalization of the axial-vector-current anomaly. The axial-vector current continues to behave anomalously even if the underlying unrenormalized field theory is finite due to the vanishing of the Gell-Mann-Low eigenvalue function.
Agricultural Protection in Wilhelminian Germany: Forging an Empire with Pork and Rye

During the last two decades of the nineteenth century protection for agriculture became an important feature of the economic and political landscape in Germany. The large landlords, who specialized in arable agriculture, used their political power to get high levels of protection. Peasants, who specialized in animal husbandry, received lower but substantial and rising levels of protection. Material interest can thus help explain the peasants' political alliance with the landlords. Protection encouraged German agriculture to modernize along intensive lines, bringing to the countryside the social and political developments dreaded by the same conservative elites who promoted protection.
Minimally Invasive Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux with Endoscopic Injection of Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer: The Children’s Hospitals of Atlanta Experience

ABSTRACTPurpose: Emerging data demonstrate that injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dx/HA) copolymer (Deflux, Q-Med Scandinavia, Uppsala, Sweden) is a safe and effective treatment for most patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We sought to determine the efficacy and factors predictive of outcome in patients treated with Dx/HA.Materials and Methods: A total of 180 children 7 months to 15 years old (mean age 4.6 years) underwent subureteral injection of Dx/HA for VUR between October 2001 and February 2003. Dx/HA was injected submucosally within or beneath the intramural ureter. The average volume of injected material was measured for each ureter. At 2 weeks and 3 months postoperatively bladder ultrasounds were performed to measure the volume of Dx/HA (mm3) in the trigone using the volume of an ellipsoid (V = 4/3πr1r2r3). Renal sonography was performed to determine whether hydronephrosis was present. At 3 months fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrograms were used to evaluate for the presence of VUR.R...
Global Banks as Global Sustainability Regulators?: The Equator Principles

Banks might now seem odd candidates for the role of global sustainability regulator. Nonetheless, in limited areas of their operation, where global banks kept risk on their balance sheets and were financially exposed to many types of risk often otherwise treated as “externalities,” banks began to enact policies to encourage what they construe as “sustainable” banking. A small number of these banks have started to extend these principles of responsible action more broadly, across many of their business lines, as conditions of lending to their corporate clients. To this extent, it is possible to talk about (some) global banks as global sustainability regulators. The “law of unintended consequences” as used in the legal literature almost always refers to the unintended negative consequences of a regulation or policy. In this article, however, we discuss a potentially positive unintended consequence of the deregulatory and privatization trend of the 1980s and 1990s that was fueled by neoliberal political commitments: some private banks have taken a leadership role in regulating development. Specifically, these banks are enacting policies that attempt to mitigate the potentially negative social and environmental consequences of infrastructure development in politically unstable or environmentally fragile landscapes. The vehicle for doing this is a voluntary agreement called the Equator Principles (EPs). The article describes and analyzes the EPs and reports the initial results from an interview-based study of the various EPs stakeholders, including bankers, government officials, lawyers, consultants, and critics from nongovernmental organizations. We address—from the perspective of these stakeholders—such questions as why the participating banks decided to join the EPs, what effects, if any, the EPs are having on development practice, and whether the EPs will ultimately prove to be more than a public relations exercise.
Geometrical Nonlinear Deformation Effects in Composite Sandwich Plates Subjected to In-Plane Shear Loads

An experimental and analytical study is presented to investigate the nonlinear behavior of foam core sandwich plates subjected to in-plane shear loads. Due to the low flexural stiffness of sandwich structures, the geometrical nonlinear deformation effects tend to appear earlier in foam core sandwich plates than in other laminated and sandwich plates. However, the analysis performed is applicable to any laminated or sandwich composite plate. In studies presented herein the Theorem of Minimum Potential Energy has been used to determine the deflections, strains, and stresses in the plate. Polynomial functions are used that satisfy all of the boundary conditions. It is seen from the analytical results that the lateral deflection and the in-plane shear strains and stresses are nonlinear functions of the applied loads. In addition, the in-plane normal strains do occur under the laterally applied loads which cause the inequality of principle strains between the compressive face strains and the tensile face strains.
Evidence for the absorption and synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine in perfused muscle and intestinal tissue and whole worms of adult Ascaris suum.

The metabolites of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) namely, L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptophol were measured in perfused tissue and whole worms from adult female Ascaris suum using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The intracellular levels of each metabolite were quantitated in response to several physiological effectors but only Ltryptophan (TRP) caused dose-dependent changes in these metabolites. Serotonin itself could also be absorbed by perfused A. suum muscle and intestinal tissue. When live A. suum were tied at the anterior and posterior regions to restrict TRP absorption by the intestine, TRP was absorbed through the cuticle and converted into 5-HT by the muscle tissue. In untied live parasites TRP absorption was observed in both muscle and intestinal tissue. Collectively, the data indicated that 5-HT may be either absorbed directly or synthesized de novo from absorbed TRP in the isolated tissue of A. suum. The 5-HT, in the live adult female A. suum, can be synthesized de novo from TRP, or 5-HT can be absorbed from the environment both through the cuticle and by the intestine of living parasites. Data also indicated that there was preferential sequestering of 5-HT and the metabolites of 5-HT in the anterior tissues of the worms.
Reducing compilation time of Zhong's FPGA-based SAT solver

We present schemes to reduce the compilation time of configurable hardware that solves Boolean satisfiability. The SAT solver presented by Zhong et al. (1998) has a large compilation time overhead mainly due to placement and routing of many FPGAs. We attack the problem on three fronts. First, we partition the SAT solver into instance-specific and instance non-specific components. Secondly, we transform SAT instances into canonical forms; and finally we present a board-level multiple-chip architecture to solve large SAT instances. All these efforts amount to a reduction in placement and routing time to configure the configurable hardware. We are able to reduce the compilation time to mere routing time of the implication circuits for each instance of the SAT problem, given the best scenario.
Time to Hemostasis (TTH) after Needle Removal in ESRD Patients (pts) on Hemodialysis (HD) Treatment

Prolonged bleeding after needle removal post-HD sessions results in increased blood loss and prolongs waiting time between shifts in HD treatment centers. We sought to identify factors that contribute to lengthening TTH after needle removal in ESRD patients on HD in an outpatient treatment facility. TTH was determined as the average of 4 measurements in 4 separate treatment sessions. Of 163 patients consecutively studied, 120 patients had TTH or = 8 min, defined as long TTH. Clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed by the Cox's proportional hazard model. The age of long TTH pts was 62 ± 15, similar to 58 ± 13 yr in short TTH pts. Long TTH pts had been on HD for 3.0 ± 1.6 yr, significantly longer than 2.2 ± 1.7 yr in short TTH pts. Blood pressure (BP) in long TTH pts was 139 ± 19/72 ± 11, significantly higher than 129 ± 16/68 ± 9 mmHg in short TTH pts. In long TTH pts, blood flow through the HD circuit (indicated by blood pump readings), and mean venous pressure (measured at the venous bubble trap) were 448 ± 36 and 241 ± 33, respectively, significantly greater than 436 ± 30 ml/min and 220 ± 35 mmHg in short TTH pts, and positively correlated with TTH (P < 0.001). AV graft was more likely than fistula to be associated with long TTH (P < 0.0001), as was an upper arm angioaccess compared with a forearm graft or fistula (P < 0.002). In pts with long TTH, the Hct was 34 ± 4, lower thn 38 ± 4% in short TTH pts (P < 0.0001), while the platelet count and the dose of heparin used during HD were similar in both groups. In the multivariate analysis, Hct, systolic BP, and AV graft were associated with long TTH. Conclusion: Higher levels of Hct, lower BP, use of an AV fistula and placement of a forearm access decrease TTH, leading to a decrease in post-HD blood loss as well as an increase in the efficiency of the HD unit.
The Treatment of the Mentally Ill in Supermax Facilities: An Evaluation of State Supermax Policies

As a criminal justice policy, researchers have encountered numerous problems attempting to evaluate whether supermax confinement achieves its desired goals. Among the many goals of supermax confinement is the incapacitation of the “worst of the worst” inmates. This type of custody, however, has been widely criticized for worsening inmate mental health. In an effort to better understand the treatment of the mentally ill in supermax confinement, we performed a content analysis on 42 state correctional policies. We found considerable variation exists regarding the treatment of the mentally ill as prescribed by official policies and that the majority of correctional policies dictate some level of treatment or intervention for supermax inmates. As criticism regarding the indefinite use of lockdown increases, we argue it is important correctional departments have a foundation that protects inmates and the agency itself, which begins with official policies.
ALDH isozymes downregulation affects cell growth, cell motility and gene expression in lung cancer cells.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 are highly expressed in non small cell lung cancer. Neither the mechanisms nor the biologic significance for such over expression have been studied. We have employed oligonucleotide microarrays to analyze changes in gene profiles in A549 lung cancer cell line in which ALDH activity was reduced by up to 95% using lentiviral mediated expression of siRNA against both isozymes (Lenti 1+3). Stringent analysis methods were used to identify gene expression patterns that are specific to the knock down of ALDH activity and significantly different in comparison to wild type A549 cells (WT) or cells similarly transduced with green fluorescent protein (GFP) siRNA. We confirmed significant and specific down regulation of ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 in Lenti 1+3 cells and in comparison to 12 other ALDH genes detected. The results of the microarray analysis were validated by real time RT-PCR on RNA obtained from Lenti 1+3 or WT cells treated with ALDH activity inhibitors. Detailed functional analysis was performed on 101 genes that were significantly different (P < 0.001) and their expression changed by ≥ 2 folds in the Lenti 1+3 group versus the control groups. There were 75 down regulated and 26 up regulated genes. Protein binding, organ development, signal transduction, transcription, lipid metabolism, and cell migration and adhesion were among the most affected pathways. These molecular effects of the ALDH knock-down are associated with in vitro functional changes in the proliferation and motility of these cells and demonstrate the significance of ALDH enzymes in cell homeostasis with a potentially significant impact on the treatment of lung cancer.
Review of protocols for high-LET radiotherapy in the United States

The need for a relatively large number of patients to establish the value of particle therapy is emphasized. Therefore, a cooperative clinical trials program has been initiated in the United States. A system of regional networks at each of the particle facilities has been, or is being, established. Current protocols for neutron beam therapy and proposed protocols for pi-meson and heavy-ion therapy are described. A registry of all patients treated by high-LET radiation has been initiated so that the incidence and extent of late and normal tissue morbidity can be determined.
An Experimental Comparison of Telepsychiatry and Conventional Psychiatry for Parolees

Objective:Many offenders treated for psychiatric disorders while incarcerated are paroled to counties where psychiatric care is limited, leading some correctional departments to offer psychiatric treatment via videoconferencing (“telepsychiatry”). However, the effectiveness of telepsychiatry for offenders with psychiatric disorders has not been rigorously evaluated.Methods:In this randomized field experiment, the authors compared the effectiveness of telepsychiatry and in-person psychiatric sessions (treatment as usual) among 71 parolees receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment over a six-month period. Satisfaction with treatment, therapeutic alliance, medication adherence, and psychological functioning were measured. Follow-up data were collected from 60 of the 71 (85%) patients (N=20, telepsychiatry; N=40, control condition).Results:Findings revealed high satisfaction with telepsychiatry overall and no significant group differences in medication adherence or psychological functioning. However, telepsy...
Abstract PR16: Transcriptional landscape of drug response guides the design of specific and potent drug combinations

Characterizing the molecular effects of targeted therapies is an important step towards understanding and predicting drug efficacy in cancer. In this work, we used the L1000 assay developed at the Broad Institute to measure the transcriptional response of six breast cancer cell lines to more than 100 different targeted drugs, many of whom are in clinical trials. We focused on inhibitors targeting the most important signaling kinases such as PI3K, AKT or MAPK, as well as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). With two time points and six doses, the dataset contains more than 8000 unique perturbations. We clustered the perturbations that elicited a significant response (37% of measured perturbations when using p In parallel to the transcriptional response, we measured the growth inhibition after three days of treatment. We found diverse phenotypic responses that are not necessarily related to the strength of the transcriptional signature. In particular, we identified cases where inhibitors had little effect on growth, yet induced a significant transcriptional response. These cases suggest possible adaptation mechanisms to the inhibitors that may lead to drug resistance. We followed these cases experimentally and identified cell line-specific resistance mechanisms. Finally, we used the directionality of the transcriptional response in the mRNA space to guide co-drugging strategies. By testing if targeting parallel pathways is more potent than inhibiting twice the same pathway, we derived a systematic approach to design synergetic combinations. Because of the differential responses across cell lines, we were able to find combinations that are potent only in a specific cell line. This approach is a step toward the design of co-drugging strategies with differential effect and large therapeutic windows. In conclusion, our measurements of expression signatures and cellular phenotype across thousands of perturbations and six breast cancer cell lines allowed differential analyses that complement the C-MAP strategy based on consensus signatures. With our approach, we found connections between drugs based on transcriptional responses and paved the way for systematic design and analyses of drug synergies. Citation Format: Marc Hafner, Mario Niepel, Qiaonan Duan, Xiaodong Lu, Aravind Subramanian, Avi Ma9ayan, Peter K. Sorger. Transcriptional landscape of drug response guides the design of specific and potent drug combinations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr PR16.
Different Administrative Practices and Problems Faced By Wholesaler and Distributors in Ready-Made Garment Business in Pune City

In Pune readymade outfit market is increasing because of the increasing inhabitants, new styles and greater demand. The readymade outfit market in Pune is displaying a combined response with regard to rivalry, problems, and marketing company techniques. The readymade outfit market is existing within the Pune town and gives a room for checking out and developing the data source questioned from various wholesale suppliers, companies and suppliers. The RGI’s into consideration in this analysis come under the type of small-scale Industry (SSI). Although significant RGI’s are available most of them are worldwide companies or named images which over look the readymade outfit market. The scope of this research paper is to highlight the latest trends in garment and its consequent demand and supply in the market. This paper also focus on the administrative practices and the problems faced by the wholesaler and distributors in ready-made garment business in Pune, it will help in bringing forward these problems to government, funding and recruiting agencies. This research paper has largely helped in understanding the Ready-made garment in Pune region and a role played by wholesaler and distributors in this business. Above all this research paper is based on a doctoral dissertation, “A study of contemporary administrative practices in readymade garment industry in Pune city”. Key words : Ready-made garment, Wholesaler and distributors, Administrative Practices, Problems.
Patient-reported pain and other quality of life domains as prognostic factors for survival in a phase III clinical trial of patients with advanced breast cancer.

Patient-reported outcomes have been associated with survival in numerous studies across cancer types, including breast cancer. However, the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) and the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) have rarely been investigated in this regard in breast cancer. Here we describe a post hoc analysis of the prognostic effect of baseline scores of these instruments on survival in a phase III trial of patients with advanced breast cancer who received gemcitabine plus paclitaxel or paclitaxel alone after anthracycline-based adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. The variables for this analysis were baseline BPI-SF “worst pain” and BPI-SF “pain interference” scores, and four RSCL subscales (each transformed to 0–100). Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used, the latter in the presence of 11 demographic/clinical variables. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to compare survival for patients by BPI-SF or RSCL scores. Of 529 randomized patients, 286 provided BPI-SF data and 336 provided RSCL data at baseline. Univariate analyses identified BPI-SF worst pain and pain interference (both hazard ratios [HR], 1.07 for a 1-point increase; both p ≤ 0.0061) and three of four RSCL subscales [activity level, physical distress, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) (HR, 0.86–0.91 for 10-point increase all p ≤ 0.0104)], to have significant prognostic effect for survival. BPI-SF worst pain (p = 0.0342) and RSCL activity level (p = 0.0004) were prognostic in the multivariate analysis. Median survival for patients categorized by BPI-SF worst pain score was 23.8 (n = 91), 17.9 (n = 94) and 14.6 (n = 94) months for scores 0, 1–4, and 5–10, respectively (log-rank p = 0.0065). Median survival was 23.8 and 14.6 months for patients (n = 330) with above- and below-median RSCL activity level scores respectively (log-rank p < 0.0001). Pretreatment BPI-SF worst pain and RSCL activity scores provide distinct prognostic information for survival in patients receiving paclitaxel or gemcitabine plus paclitaxel for advanced breast cancer even after controlling for multiple demographic and clinical factors. Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00006459 .
Occupational Desegregation in the 1970s: Integration and Economic Equity?

During the 1970s, women made dramatic inroads into a select number of traditionally male occupations. Although media pundits touted women's gains as dramatic, there is reason to suspect whether the...
Forecasting Of Concentrate Grade Based on Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network

Concentrate grade is the important performance index directly related to the efficiency and product quality in beneficiation production,the online measurement of concentrate grade is of great significance to improving the product quality,production efficiency and reducing resources consumption in hematite beneficiation production process.However,due to fact that the beneficiation production is strongly nonlinear and coupling,it is often difficult to continuously measure the concentrate grade online.In order to Establish the model between concentrate grade and process indicators,which is convenient to adjust each process indicator and achieve optimization in full process,a hybrid forecasting modeling method of concentrate grade that is composed of linear and nonlinear compensation model is proposed,which adopt multilayer perceptron neural network and system identification theory and Matlab Neural Network and Identification Toolbox.The field test data and and several comparison experiements show that the proposed approach is efficient and has increased forecasting accuracy of concentrate grade in complex industrial process.
Morbid obesity: cardiac evaluation and function

The pathophysiology of heart failure in morbid obesity differs from that found in other types of cardiac disease. This article attempts to clarify the myocardial and hemodynamic derangements in morbidly obese subjects. A diagrammatic schema is used to demonstrate the relationship between abnormal function and signs and symptoms of cardiac disease. Noninvasive methods show promise in documenting the effect of enforced weight loss on cardiac function.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: The Use of Chemical Treatments for Improved Stone Comminution

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) can require more than two thousand acoustic shocks to achieve an adequate degree of renal calculus comminution. A decrease in the number of shocks necessary for effective treatment offers both technical and clinical benefits. The results presented here demonstrate that it is possible in particular cases to increase substantially the degree of comminution produced using a fixed number of acoustic impulses by exposing the stones to solutions of controlled pH and chemical composition during acoustic shock treatment. The largest increase in comminution was observed for magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate/apatite stones exposed to citrate solutions. The smaller particle sizes are shown to result not only from stone dissolution but also from an increase in the ease of stone fracture during acoustic shocking. The degree of comminution of the largest fragment sizes was also found to be slightly increased for calcium oxalate stones by exposure to synthetic urine of elevated pH. These chemical methods of increased stone comminution appear to be directly applicable to particular cases and may have general clinical utility if suitable conditions affecting all stones can be found.
Trauma fatalities: time and location of hospital deaths.

Abstract Background Analysis of the epidemiology, temporal distribution, and place of traumatic hospital deaths can be a useful tool in identifying areas for research, education, and allocation of resources. Study design Trauma registry–based study of all traumatic hospital deaths at a Level I urban trauma center during the period 1993 to 2002. The time and hospital location where deaths occurred were analyzed according to mechanism of injury, age, Glasgow Coma Score, and body areas with severe injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] ≥ 4). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with death at various times after admission. Results During the study period there were 2,648 hospital trauma deaths. The most common body area with critical injuries (AIS ≥ 4) was the head (43%), followed by the chest (28%) and the abdomen (19%). Overall, 37% of victims had no vital signs present on admission. Chest AIS ≥ 4, penetrating trauma, and age greater than 60 years were significant risk factors associated with no vital signs on admission. Patients with severe chest trauma (AIS ≥ 4) reaching the hospital alive were significantly more likely to die within the first 60 minutes than were patients with severe abdominal or head injuries (17% versus 11% versus 7%). In patients reaching the hospital alive, the time and place of death varied according to mechanism of injury and injured body area. Deaths caused by severe head trauma peaked at 6 to 24 hours, and deaths caused by severe chest or abdominal trauma peaked at 1 to 6 hours after admission. Conclusions The temporal distribution and location of trauma deaths are influenced by the mechanism of injury, age, and the injured body area. These findings may help in focusing research, education, and resource allocation in a more targeted manner to reduce trauma deaths.
The Popular Press

Anatolii Strelyanyi recalls that in 1976 the journal Literaturnaya Gazeta ventured to suggest, for the first time since the Revolution, that there were certain ‘negative aspects to the independence of the female sex’.1 In fact, as we have seen, pedagogical writers had been arguing the same point for more than a decade. In the mid-1970s, the themes which had long held an important place within the pedagogical literature — the need to resurrect traditional ideals of masculinity and femininity, to revise the definition of equality between the sexes, and to praise (though seemingly not reward) women’s demographic contribution to society as highly as men’s work contribution — entered the pages of the general press.
Tissue Necrosis Resulting from Vascular Injury Due to Failed Hardware in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Given the proximity of large blood vessels to the acetabulum, vascular injury from total hip arthroplasty occurs generally as a result of direct insult to either the femoral artery or the external iliac artery by either retractor placement or by prominent acetabular screws1-5. The incidence of vascular injury with total hip arthroplasty is 0.25%6; the majority of these injuries present acutely with either hemorrhage or ischemia2,3,5,7-9. Many injuries require emergency vascular intervention consisting of direct repair or vascular bypass grafting8. If recognized early, associated sequelae can be prevented; however, there is a reported 7% mortality risk associated with vascular complication following total hip arthroplasty5, as well as a real risk for limb loss7. Although cases of late presentation of vascular injuries have been reported previously1, to the best of our knowledge, none have presented as a nonpulsatile thigh mass with asymmetric lower extremity pulses as a result of late injury to the superior gluteal artery. We present an unusual case in which a previously placed structural pelvic graft fixation screw migrated posteromedially, injuring the superior gluteal artery and causing a large hematoma, which resulted in pressure necrosis of the surrounding soft tissue and proximal part of the femur. Recognizing the patient’s increasing swelling as a possible late vascular injury likely prevented additional soft-tissue compromise. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and she provided consent. A fifty-three-year-old woman with a history of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis presented to our tertiary care center for a regularly scheduled follow-up of a right hip arthroplasty. She reported acute onset of pain and progressive swelling about the right hip and thigh, which she …
Next Steps for Ebola Vaccination: Deployment in Non-Epidemic, High-Risk Settings.

The catastrophic West Africa Ebola epidemic that resulted in approximately 28,200 cases and 11,300 deaths over 22 months has been reduced to intermittent and, thus far, rapidly controlled flare ups in Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. During the period of most widespread and intense transmission, extraordinary efforts to develop, produce, and field-test an Ebola vaccine in the outbreak setting generated promising results. The combined findings of four parallel Phase I studies on healthy adults in Gabon, Kenya, Germany, and Geneva demonstrated safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-vectored Zaire ebolavirus (rVSV-ZEBOV) vaccine [1]. Glycoprotein-binding antibodies were detected for all vaccinated participants irrespective of dose and, although arthralgia, fever, and maculopapular rash were correlated with immunization, the mild symptoms were transient and easily treated; the vaccine was deemed safe with a high likelihood of acceptance [1]. More recently, it has been suggested that the rVSV vaccine effectively protects against Ebola virus disease (EVD) infections among the contacts of symptomatic cases in intense transmission settings [2,3]. Other candidates include the chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 Ebola vaccine (cAd3-EBO), which has been demonstrated as immunogenic and safe in humans [4]. Additionally, sustained protection against lethal Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) challenge in macaques was achieved using ChAd3, given a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost after two months [5]. Largely mediated by CD8+ cells, a protective effect against EBOV has likewise been established in macaques for a vaccine based on recombinant adenovirus virus serotype 5 (rAd5) encoding Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) [6–8]. Across all vaccine candidates [9], large-scale trials in human populations are unlikely to yield sufficient statistical power for determining efficacy and duration of protective immunity given the fortunate downturn in transmission events. However, if an Ebola vaccine is approved for post-marketing surveillance without additional Phase III efficacy studies, there is an opportunity to prepare vaccine infrastructure, including stockpiling and administration systems, in non-emergency but high-risk settings.
Option-Based Design for Resilient Manufacturing Systems

Abstract The concept of the resilience is new for manufacturing systems and it has not been widely considered in design and implementation of systems such as discrete manufacturing systems and multistage manufacturing systems. As a result, the systems can be interrupted by various kinds of disturbance, e.g., component degradation and abrupt failures. This research is devoted to defining new resilience metrics, developing new modeling and analysis tools to evaluate resilience, and pursuing option-based resilience design strategies including built-in redundancy, built-in flexibility and preventive actions, in order to mitigate the impact of failure-induced disruptions on the performance of manufacturing systems.
Draft Genomic Sequencing of Six Potential Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Chicken Meat.

ABSTRACT Potential extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains DP254, WH333, WH398, F356, FEX675, and FEX725 were isolated from retail chicken meat products. Here, we report the draft genome sequences for these six E. coli isolates, which are currently being used in food safety research.