cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using an information literacy curriculum map as a means of communication and accountability for stakeholders in higher education

Many academic libraries are coping with limited library staff, a burgeoning student population, and constantly evolving curriculum. How can academic librarians ensure that students are receiving a systematic and hierarchical set of information literacy (IL) competencies that will make them agile and adept information seekers and users who can cope with changing modes of information delivery and access? How can they be accountable to students, themselves, and to their institutions? Creating and implementing an information literacy curriculum map (ILCM) can provide a cohesive delivery of IL across the curriculum. A map aligns IL competencies with core courses, specific courses in a discipline, and assessment points. This article will describe the creation and implementation of an ILCM in addressing the needs of stakeholders at colleges and universities. The process of creating and use of the ILCM has facilitated and increased communication among teaching faculty, administrators, and academic librarians at Berkeley College. It has allowed the librarians to be more intentional in their teaching and assessment strategies. Furthermore, an ILCM used in conjunction with an assessment plan has served to make the IL programme and activities more transparent to the institution, thereby ensuring accountability to internal stakeholders and external reviewers.
Event identification in hybrid control systems

Hybrid control systems can arise when a discrete event system (DES) is used to supervise the behaviour of continuous-state systems. In this context, the DES supervisor manipulates symbols which are representative of events occurring within the plant's state space. An important issue in the design of such control systems concerns conditions under which such symbolic manipulations are sufficient to adequately supervise the plant. This paper provides a method for identifying such supervisable events whose computational complexity is polynomial in plant complexity. >
Materials Requirements and Fabrication of Active Matrix Arrays of Organic Thin-Film Transistors for Displays

An overview of the materials requirements and the fabrication processes for the use of organic thin-film transistors in active-matrix backplanes for displays is presented. A summary of current knowledge of the electrical performance of both molecular and polymeric semiconductors is discussed with emphasis on the performance requirements needed for displays. Patterning and deposition processes for conductors, dielectrics, and organic semiconductors that have been used to fabricate organic thin-film transistors are reviewed. Examples of backplanes fabricated with these processes are given, and directions for the future research are outlined.
National Institute of Mental Health Longitudinal Study of Chronic Schizophrenia: Prognosis and Predictors of Outcome

We performed a longitudinal study of chronic schizophrenic patients who were hospitalized for research purposes at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Program in the 1970s and early 1980s. We assessed present course, outcome and predictor data from the initial cohort of 58 young chronic schizophrenic patients who were followed up for 2 to 12 years following their NIMH index hospitalization. At follow-up, the sample showed substantial functional impairment and levels of symptoms with only about 20% of the sample demonstrating a good outcome. In addition, strong intercorrelation was noted among the symptom and functioning indexes at follow-up. Moreover, neuropsychologic tests of frontal cortical functioning were significantly correlated with outcome levels of negative symptoms and social functioning but not with levels of positive symptoms. During the period from the index hospitalization to the follow-up assessment, 78% of the sample suffered a relapse, 38% attempted suicide and 24% had episodes of major affective illness. Furthermore, levels of positive and negative symptoms ascertained when patients received optimal neuroleptic treatment during the index hospitalization significantly predicted outcome levels of symptoms and functioning and time spent hospitalized during the follow-up period. In contrast, levels of index positive and negative symptoms ascertained during the drug-free state did not predict outcome symptoms or functioning. These data suggest that treatment response is a critical predictor variable. We examined the implication of these data for the course of illness in schizophrenics.
The Voronoi Implicit Interface Method and Computational Challenges in Multiphase Physics

We review some of the motivation and development of the Voronoi Implicit Interfaces Method (VIIM), first introduced in [10], for tracking multiple interacting and evolving regions, whose motion is determined by complex physics that include hydrodynamic, elastic, and geometric forces. The method automatically handles multiple junctions, triple points and quadruple points in two dimensions, as well as triple lines, etc. in higher dimensions, and topological changes in the system occur naturally, with no surgery required.
On the interstitial and substitutional distribution of Au dissolved in solid Pb

Abstract It has been proposed that Au, when dissolved in solid Pb, exists as isolated atoms (Au1) and small clusters of two (Au2) and four (Au4) atoms. In this paper three sets of data are analyzed: (1) the volume change of Pb(Au) accompanying Au precipitation at room temperature, (2) the difference in lattice parameter between Pb and Pb(Au), and (3_) the equilibrium distribution of Au in Pb in a centrifugal field. On the basis of this analysis it is concluded that Au1 is predominantly substitutional and Au in the quenched-in Au4 state is either mostly substitutional (each Au atom occupying a former Pb site) or vacancies are created during cluster formation and survive the quench.
Parallel age-associated changes in brain and plasma neuronal pentraxin receptor levels in a transgenic APP/PS1 rat model of Alzheimer's disease

Neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPR) is a synaptic protein implicated in AMPA receptor trafficking at excitatory synapses. Since glutamate neurotransmission is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD), NPR levels measured from plasma represent a potential biomarker for synaptic dysfunction associated with AD. We sought to determine the relationship between AD pathology and brain and plasma NPR levels by examining age-associated NPR levels in these compartments in a transgenic APP/PS1 rat model of AD. NPR levels in cortical homogenate were similar in wild-type (Wt) and APP/PS1 rats at 3 months of age (prior to Aβ plaque deposition), but significantly increased in APP/PS1 rats by 9 and 18-20 months of age (after the onset of plaque deposition). These age-dependent differences were driven by proportional increases in NPR in membrane-associated cortical fractions. Genotype-related differences in NPR expression were also seen in the hippocampus, which exhibits significant Aβ pathology, but not in the cerebellum, which does not. Plasma analyses revealed increased levels of a 26 kDa NPR fragment in APP/PS1 rats relative to Wt rats by 18-20 months of age, which correlated with the levels of full-length NPR in cortex. Our findings indicate that cerebral accumulation of NPR and Aβ occurs with similar temporal and regional patterns in the APP/PS1 model, and suggest that a 26 kDa plasma NPR fragment may represent a peripheral biomarker of this process.
Solar Cycle Predictions (Invited Review)

Solar cycle predictions are needed to plan long-term space missions, just as weather predictions are needed to plan the launch. Fleets of satellites circle the Earth collecting many types of science data, protecting astronauts, and relaying information. All of these satellites are sensitive at some level to solar cycle effects. Predictions of drag on low-Earth orbit spacecraft are one of the most important. Launching a satellite with less propellant can mean a higher orbit, but unanticipated solar activity and increased drag can make that a Pyrrhic victory as the reduced propellant load is consumed more rapidly. Energetic events at the Sun can produce crippling radiation storms that endanger all assets in space. Solar cycle predictions also anticipate the shortwave emissions that cause degradation of solar panels. Testing solar dynamo theories by quantitative predictions of what will happen in 5 – 20 years is the next arena for solar cycle predictions. A summary and analysis of 75 predictions of the amplitude of the upcoming Solar Cycle 24 is presented. The current state of solar cycle predictions and some anticipations of how those predictions could be made more accurate in the future are discussed.
Consecutive immobilized enzymatic reactions in continuous stirred tank reactor systems

The performance characteristics of two-enzyme reaction in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) are analytical investigated in this work. A model is formulated to describe the substrate concentration variations by taking into account the external and internal diffusion resistances. It is found that the reaction system exhibits the characteristics of reaction control or diffusion control depending on the operating conditions. The single CSTR model is also extended to describe the multiple CSTR system. The latter model enables the prediction of the number of CSTRs in series required to achieve a prescribed substrate conversion.
Field trials of pheromone-toxicant devices containing muscalure for house flies ((Diptera: Muscidae).

Several types of pheromone-toxicant devices (PTDs) were developed and evaluated in the field for control of the house fly, Musca domestica . In field tests, fiber glass strips and acrylic yarn strings were treated with permethrin and muscalure, a sex attractant for the house fly. Although the number of flies in the treatment area appeared to decline early in the test, the pheromone apparently attracted flies from the surrounding areas in such numbers that they were not effectively controlled by the toxicant. In gas chromatographic tests for pheromone and toxicant longevity, permethrin present at 48 h was shown to last throughout the entire test period, whereas muscalure was essentially lost to the environment by the 15th day on strips and by the 21st day on yarn.
Quantitative photoacoustic tomography: recovery of optical absorption coefficient maps of heterogeneous media

We present experimental evidence that the optical absorption coefficient images of heterogeneous media can be obtained with quantitative photoacoustic tomography (PAT). Photoacoustic images are obtained from a series of tissue-like phantom experiments using a finite element-based reconstruction algorithm coupled with a scanning photoacoustic imaging system. The experimental results show that optical absorption images can be quantitatively reconstructed when the photon diffusion model is coupled with the Helmholtz photoacoustic wave equation.
Onset of wetting failure in liquid–liquid systems

Some model problems are considered in order to investigate wetting failure in liquid-liquid systems. Three geometries are considered, two-dimensional two-phase shear flow, two-dimensional driven capillary rise, and both two- and three-dimensional two-phase driven cavity flow. In the first two cases, the two fluids are made equiviscous. The driven cavity flow is investigated for both equi- and non-equiviscous fluids. Three methods of analysis are used for the equiviscous case, an essentially exact Fourier series method, a quasi-parallel approximation and a phase-field model
Terbutaline and diaphragm function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

We conducted a double-blind, randomized crossover trial to evaluate whether oral terbutaline (2.5 mg orally three times daily for a week) increased the force of diaphragmatic contraction in normocapnic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ten patients with moderate to severe airway obstruction completed the trail. Compared with placebo, terbutaline produced a mean increase of 5.8 cmH2O in peak inspiratory mouth pressure and a mean increase of 5.0 cmH2O in transdiaphragmatic pressure during a maximal inspiratory manoeuvre. These small changes with terbutaline failed to achieve statistical significance. Also, terbutaline failed to alter flow rates (FEV1, Vmax50) or patients' dyspnoea ratings using two separate clinical scales (Pneumoconiosis Research Unit Score and the Modified Dyspnoea Index). Because all observed changes in respiratory muscle strength were small and because the trial had power to detect small changes in inspiratory mouth pressures, we suggest that oral terbutaline at the dose administered in this study has little noteworthy effect on respiratory muscle strength in normocapnic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
27Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Glassy and Crystalline Zr(1−x)AlxO(2−x/2) Materials Prepared from Solution Precursors

The local environment of the aluminum atoms in a series of metastable Zr{sub (1{minus}x)}Al{sub x}O{sub (2{minus}x/2)} crystalline materials (0.08 {le} x {le} 0.57), prepared by diffusion-limited crystallization of amorphous precursors, has been determined by {sup 27}Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). Results show the existence of aluminum in 4-, 5-, and 6-fold coordination in both the amorphous and crystalline states. Although the relative amounts of each type of coordination show no compositional dependence in the amorphous state, the results for the crystalline materials show a systematic decrease in the average aluminum coordination number with increasing aluminum content. Comparisons of MAS NMR results between pure Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} precursors and Zr{sub (1{minus}x)}Al{sub x}O{sub (2{minus}x/2)} crystalline materials processed under similar conditions show a profound effect of ZrO{sub 2} on the coordination environment of the aluminum atom. Both a random distribution model and a model that assumes small-scale clustering of aluminum ions are considered to explain the trends in the type of aluminum coordination as a function of composition.
The Mechanobiology of Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in the Congenital Absence of eNOS

Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rare but deadly disease. Lungs extracted from PPH patients are deficient in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), making the eNOS-null mouse a potentially useful model of the disease. To better understand the progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in the congenital absence of eNOS, we induced pulmonary hypertension in eNOS-null mice using hypobaric hypoxia, and then quantified large artery structure and function in contralateral vessels. In particular, to assess structure we quantified diameter, wall thickness, and collagen, elastin and smooth muscle cell content; to quantify function we performed pressure-diameter tests. After remodeling, the pulmonary arteries had increased wall, collagen and elastin thicknesses compared to controls (P<0.05). The remodeled pulmonary arteries also had increased elastic moduli at low and high strains compared to controls (P<0.05). The increases in moduli at low and high strain correlated with increases in elastin and collagen thickness, respectively (P<0.05). These results provide insight into the mechanobiology of pulmonary vascular remodeling in the congenital absence of eNOS, and the coupled nature of these changes.
LANDSCAPE-SCALE PATTERNS OF BLACK-THROATED SPARROW (AMPHISPIZA BILINEATA) ABUNDANCE AND NEST SUCCESS

Analyses of avian demographic patterns across entire, contiguous landscapes are rare, but such analyses are important for understanding population dynamics. We se- lected the Black-throated Sparrow in the northern Chihuahuan Desert as a model to test patterns of abundance and nest success across a landscape. We integrated abundance, nest density, and nesting success measured on sampling plots with a classified satellite map of the distribution of seven habitat types to analyze spatial and temporal patterns contributing to the population dynamics of this species. Adult relative abundance ranged from ,1 bird/100 ha in pinyon-juniper habitat to 24- 39 birds/100 ha in shrubland habitats. Nest density was consistently high in mesquite, moderate to high in creosotebush, and low in black grama grassland; this value exhibited more temporal variability than relative abundance of adults. Nest success rates exhibited a strong habitat effect and ranged from 8% in mesquite to 47% in black grama grassland; overall population nest success was 0.266. In all three years, nest success in mesquite was significantly lower than in all other habitat types (P , 0.01). There was no correlation between nest success and adult relative abundance. While mesquite habitat contained about one-third of all adults in the three years of the study, it contributed as little as 10% of successful nests. In creosotebush, the relative contribution to both adult abundance and successful nests was relatively high. Mesa grass- land contained relatively few adults, but up to 44% of successful nests. We discuss how habitat selection theory suggests mechanisms for the observed patterns. Mesquite appears to be a population sink for Black-throated Sparrows and may be an ecological trap. While we do not propose that there is cause for conservation concern for this widespread species, our results underscore the pitfalls associated with using adult abundance as an indicator of habitat quality. The method presented here is applicable for many species and ecosystems and, thus, may be an important tool for conservation and management, as well as a new avenue for scientific investigation of landscape-level population dynamics.
A Radio Method of Estimating the Height of the Conducting Layer

IN a recent note we have outlined a method of estimating the height of the conducting layer by means of radio waves (M. A. Tuve and G. Breit, Terr. Mag., vol. 30 (1925), pp. 15–16). Through the co-operation of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Bellevue, Anacostia, D.C., we have obtained definite indications of reflections such as would take place from the layer and some estimates of its height. The method used consists in sending out interrupted high frequency wave-trains and observing the wave-form of the received signal. Each wave-train received manifests itself as a temporary rise in the detector current of the receiving set. One particular wave-train at the transmitter gives rise to two received wave-trains at the receiver if a single reflection takes place. One of these trains travels over the ground and the other by way of the layer. Thus the detector current is forced to rise at two different times by the same wave-train from the transmitter and an oscillogram of the detector current shows two humps generally of unequal size.
Do We Need a Distinction between Arguments and Adjuncts? Evidence from Psycholinguistic Studies of Comprehension

Within both psycholinguistic theories of parsing and formal theories of syntax, a distinction between arguments and adjuncts is central to some theories, while minimized or denied by others. Even for theories that deem the argument/ adjunct distinction important, the exact nature of the distinction has been difficult to characterize. In this article, we review the psycholinguistic evidence for an argument/adjunct distinction, discuss how argument status can best be defined in the light of such evidence, and consider the implications for how grammatical knowledge is represented and accessed in the human mind.
Crystalline basic protein from venom of Crotalus adamanteus

A basic protein, present in Crotalus adamanteus venom, has been crystallized with a yield accounting for about 10 per cent of the total protein of crude venom. The crystalline protein is homogeneous in disc electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. The protein has an isoelectric point above pH 9.8 and molecular weight of 24,300 calculated from the amino acid composition. The protein has nerve growth factor activity (3 μg per biological unit) which remains constant upon several recrystallizations.
Mapping language ideologies in multi-ethnic urban Europe: the case of Parisian French

Abstract Although the modern multicultural European metropolis has brought previously disparate groups into close contact, little research has focused on the effect of these shifting demographic patterns on language attitudes and ideologies. This is probably due to the sensitive nature of issues relating to immigration which may evoke contexts of socio-economic stratification, ethnic strife and even urban violence. To mitigate this sensitivity, this study examines socio-geographic representations of linguistic prestige, not attitudes towards speakers, in the Paris region. In a web-based survey, 136 Parisians evaluated the desirability, reputation and linguistic correctness of 21 cities in the Paris region. Responses indicate that perceptions of linguistic prestige are most closely connected to cities’ reputations, suggesting a close relationship between standard language ideology and spatial stereotypes. Five cities received the lowest reputation and linguistic correctness ratings and, thus, probably cons...
Learning of gastrointestinal satiety signals.

Rats were trained to ingest corn oil emulsion. Such ingestion was accompanied by intragastric injection either of dilute amino acid (e.g., 4.3 mM l -tryptophan) in one group or saline in a second. No significant difference between the two groups was observed at the end of training. However sudden omission of the amino acid led to a large increase in intake, whereas sudden introduction of the amino acid produced no significant change. It seems that signals for the amount of nutrient ingested can be arbitrarily associated with different nutrients and that the value of such satiety signals is not innately fixed in the amount of feeding inhibition exerted.
Coincident bifurcation of equilibrium and periodic solutions of evolution equations

Abstract : Bifurcation of equilibrium and periodic solutions of nonlinear evolution equations is considered in the neighbourhood of an equilibrium solution for which the corresponding linear problem admits both non-zero equilibrium and non-constant periodic solutions. These solutions of the linear problem are related to those of the nonlinear equation by deriving bifurcation equations possessing a simple symmetry property. This results in a simplification of the bifurcation analysis, illustrated by a discussion of two important special cases exhibiting secondary bifurcation of periodic solutions. (Author)
Small-scale disequilibrium in a magmatic inclusion and its more silicic host

Basaltic andesite inclusions and their host dacite from the Purico-Chascon complex in northern Chile are isotopically distinct. Textural characteristics of the inclusions are typical of those resulting from magma mingling. Serial sectioning across the interface of an inclusion and its host dacite, complemented by microdrill sampling and detailed microprobe work, has enabled us to examine the scale of mixing and chemical (isotopic and trace element) disequilibrium. The results of this work show that (1) the composition of the inclusion is relatively homogeneous; (2) the dacite host is generally higher in 87Sr/86Sr and lower in 143Nd/144Nd than the enclave, but it is heterogeneous on a small scale, and probably a “hybrid”; (3) the isotopic composition in the marginal zone, apparently on both host and inclusion sides of the weakly chilled interface, actually shows the highest 87Sr/86Sr and lowest 143Nd/144Nd; (4) large plagioclase crystals in the inclusions and host are xenocrystic, with higher 87Sr/86Sr than any of the other samples. These observations are reconciled with a model of magma evolution in a crustal magma chamber. In such a scenario the mafic magma is overlain by a cap of rhyolite—a partial melt of the dacitic ignimbrites which now underlie the Purico-Chascon complex. Overturn of such a magma system gives rise to a hybrid dacite containing discrete mafic inclusions.
Femtosecond dynamics of hot carriers in GaAs

The pump-probe technique is used to perform a series of measurements on intrinsic GaAs samples at room temperature with a temporal resolution of 75 - 100 fs. Changes of both absorption coefficient and refractive index are measured over a wide spectral region (550 - 950 nm) for various carrier densities ( 16 to 10 19 cm -3 ) injected at 2 eV. These measurements provide insight on the fundamental properties of nonequilibrium carriers, including electron-electron scattering, electron-hole scattering, electron-phonon scattering, hole-phonon scattering, band-gap renormalization, plasma screening of Coulomb interactions, and free-carrier absorption.
ORGANIZATIONAL OPTIONS FOR PROVIDING URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES: THE CASE OF INDONESIA

Rising incomes and rapid growth require better approaches to organizing and delivering solid waste management services in developing countries. This paper uses Indonesia as a case context for exploring organizational options to urban waste management, including provision by municipal agencies, semi-commercial enterprises, private firms, and neighborhood organizations. Semi-commercial enterprises were found to cover significantly higher shares of routine expenditures than municipal agencies. Few differences were found among different indicators of labor and equipment productivity among organizational types, however. The major difference is that non-public organizations more vigorously seek out revenues. Promising ways to increase revenues and stop leakages are to link solid waste payment with payment of electricity bills and to negotiate revenue-sharing schemes with neighborhood leaders.
Far Field Fluorescence Super Resolution Imaging of Molecular Scale Biological Structures

We have recently demonstrated measurements of relative distances between individual, spectrally distinct fluorescent probes that are attached on a biological molecule with precision and accuracy <1nm. Here we extend this technique to measure relative distances between two (or more) fluorophores of the same spectral characteristics.We show that the improved resolution afforded by our microscope imaging system allows characterizing biological structures at the molecular scale. In one application we applied our technique to image individual dimers of Endothelial cadherin (E-cadherin) molecules. At 1mM Ca++ we find the majority of the dimers in an extended configuration, consistent with the crystal structure of the full C-cadherin ectodomain. Interestingly, we observe a separate population in a less extended configuration, possibly related to flexibility of the E-cadherin binding interface. As a function of the free Ca++ concentration we observe a continuous, cooperative transition of the extension of the molecules from the rigid extended configuration to a collapsed state. The apparent Kd=70uM and degree of cooperativity ∼1.5 from our measurements are consistent with various previous indirect investigations (e.g. intrinsic fluorescence, proteolytic sensitivity, circular dichroism, NMR etc).These results clearly demonstrate the power of our approach to image individual molecular scale structures and detect conformational changes at the nanometer scale, establishing it as a unique Structural Biology tool, that can operating in ambient, physiological conditions and is based exclusively on optical far-field fluorescence imaging.
The prediction of high-density thermodynamic states using molecular shape factors

A new extended corresponding-states method for the prediction of high-density states for pure fluids is presented. The method incorporates the use of molecular shape factors. This approach requires accurate equations for the saturated-liquid density and the vapor pressure for the fluid in question. In addition, an equation of state for the vapor phase is also required. With this information, the molecular shape factors are calculated on the saturated-liquid line of the fluid being predicted, and they are assumed to be constant in the high-density, single-phase region along isotherms. This property prediction method is well suited for application to any fluid that has an equation of state valid in the vapor phase. Modern equations of state for nitrogen and oxygen were used to define properties of reference fluids in the development and testing of this new method. Experimental data for liquid ethylene were used to verify the accuracy of the new prediction method. Tests have shown that this approach predicts high-density data accurately to approximately six times the critical pressure and up to 85 % of the critical temperature. The results of these tests are presented and discussed.
Characteristics of Highly Effective Cooperating Teachers: A Study of Their Backgrounds and Preparation

ABSTRACT This study used interviews and other artifacts collected during student teaching as the basis for rating 13 elementary cooperating teachers on their supervisory effectiveness. Once highly effective cooperating teachers were differentiated from their less effective peers, researchers used ex post facto methods to identify background and intervention factors associated with their effectiveness levels. Three factors consistent in the highly effective group were (1) being midrange in number of teaching years, (2) having supervised more than five earlier field experience students, and (3) having closely collaborated with the university supervisor. However, the most powerful association for high effectiveness was the graduate-level preparation in supervision. Four of the five most effective teachers in this study had master's degrees in teacher leadership, and all had taken course work on systematic observation and feedback, as well as conferencing skills. This deep preparation was associated with an a...
Utility of image guided surgery in the diagnosis of pterygopalatine fossa lesions.

Objectives: To describe the utility of image guided surgery in the diagnosis of pterygopalatine fossa lesions and to discuss the varied pathologic diagnoses from this area. Study Design: Case series presentation. Methods: Three cases of pterygopalatine fossa lesions were accessed and biopsied by way of a middle meatus antrostomy approach into the pterygopalatine fossa under image guidance for rapid localization. Results: The diagnoses of melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and schwannoma were obtained with minimal morbidity with image guidance. More extensive external approaches were avoided, and appropriate treatment was started without delay. The utility of the image guided approach will be discussed along with the varied pathologies encountered in the pterygopalatine fossa. Conclusions: 1) One must recognize the diverse, yet related, symptoms of patients presenting with pterygopalatine fossa lesions. Early recognition as well as skull-base imaging is crucial. 2) Biopsy, in addition to imaging, is necessary for diagnosis and may be achieved with little morbidity and increased accuracy using the image guided surgery middle meatus antrostomy approach to the pterygopalatine fossa. 3) The origin of lesions that involve the pterygopalatine fossa may be difficult to identify. Involvement of the pterygopalatine fossa by malignancy may be by contiguous spread, by way of metastasis, or by perineural invasion.
Moral competence in social robots

We propose that any robots that collaborate with, look after, or help humans---in short, social robots---must have moral competence. But what does moral competence consist of? We offer a framework for moral competence that attempts to be comprehensive in capturing capacities that make humans morally competent and that therefore represent candidates for a morally competent robot. We posit that human moral competence consists of four broad components: (1) A system of norms and the language and concepts needed to communicate about these norms; (2) moral cognition and affect; (3) moral decision making and action; and (4) moral communication. We sketch what we know and don't know about these four elements of moral competence in humans and, for each component, ask how we could equip an artificial agent with these capacities.
Fabrication and characterization of metal-molecule-silicon devices

Metal-molecule-silicon (MMSi) devices have been fabricated, electrically characterized, and analyzed. Molecular layers were grafted to n and p+ silicon by electrochemical reduction of para-substituted aryl-diazonium salts and characterized using standard surface analysis techniques; MMSi devices were then fabricated using traditional silicon (Si) processing methods combined with this surface modification. The measured current-voltage characteristics were strongly dependent on both substrate type and molecular head group. The device behavior was analyzed using a qualitative model considering semiconductor depletion effects and molecular dipole moments and frontier orbital energies.
Methylcobalamin: Methylation of platinum and demethylation with lead

Abstract Aerobic incubation of μM levels of K2PtCl6 and methylcobalamin (MeB‐12) at pH 2.0 (0.01 M HC1) results in the complete conversion of MeB‐12 to aquoB‐12 without the accumulation of any corrinoid intermediates. Platinic sulfate (Pt(SO4)2) is also reactive; whereas, K2PtCl4 alone is unreactive. Soluble lead salts containing Pb2+ were likewise inactive; however, partial to complete demethylation was observed by prolonged incubation with fine suspensions of Pb4+ compounds. Demethylation of [Me‐14C]MeB‐12 with Pb4+ oxides was accompanied by a proportionate volatilization of the label and only unreacted radioactive MeB‐12 was detected upon paper electrophoresis. In contrast, demethylation with K2PtCl6 occurs with a high recovery of nonvolatile 14C which migrates with a major zone of Pt upon electrophoresis. There is no selective loss of 3H when [Me‐3H]MeB‐12 reacts with K2PtCl6. The Me‐Pt product has been isolated and characterized with respect to its light absorption spectrum in aqueous solutions.
Predictability and novelty in literal language comprehension: an ERP study.

Abstract Linguists have suggested that one mechanism for the creative extension of meaning in language involves mapping, or constructing correspondences between conceptual domains. For example, the sentence, “The clever boys used a cardboard box as a boat,” sets up a novel mapping between the concepts cardboard box and boat , while “His main method of transportation is a boat,” relies on a more conventional mapping between method of transportation and boat . To examine the electrophysiological signature of this mapping process, electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from the scalp as healthy adults read three sorts of sentences: low-cloze (unpredictable) conventional (“His main method of transportation is a boat,”), low-cloze novel mapp'ing (“The clever boys used a cardboard box as a boat,”), and high-cloze (predictable) conventional (“The only way to get around Venice is to navigate the canals in a boat,”). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were time-locked to sentence final words. The novel and conventional conditions were matched for cloze probability (a measure of predictability based on the sentence context), lexical association between the sentence frame and the final word (using latent semantic analysis), and other factors known to influence ERPs to language stimuli. The high-cloze conventional control condition was included to compare the effects of mapping conventionality to those of predictability. The N400 component of the ERPs was affected by predictability but not by conventionality. By contrast, a late positivity was affected both by the predictability of sentence final words, being larger for words in low-cloze contexts that made target words difficult to predict, and by novelty, as words in the novel condition elicited a larger positivity 700–900 ms than the same words in the (cloze-matched) conventional condition.
RNA dependent DNA polymerase in primate syncytium-forming (foamy) viruses

SINCE the initial observations of Enders and Peebles1 and Rustigian et al.2, syncytium-forming (“foamy”) viruses have frequently been isolated from monkey kidney cultures and are regarded as “common contaminants” of these cells. Infection by these agents often leads to the formation of multinucleated giant cells (syncytia). Viral replication involves intracytoplasmic formation of a complete nucleoid, and the outer membrane is acquired from either the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum3,4. In their morphology and mode of replication, syncytium-forming viruses are similar in some ways to the RNA-containing tumour viruses5. We wish to show that the primate syncytium-forming viruses contain RNA and, like the RNA-containing tumour viruses, replicate most efficiently in dividing cells. Further, viral replication can be inhibited by small doses of actinomycin D. We shall demonstrate the presence of an RNA dependent DNA polymerase in purified virions.
Semantic methods supporting engineering design innovation

In this paper, we present a metric based on semantic relatedness which operates on semantic knowledge representations of engineering design and show how it can support design innovation. Our semantic knowledge representation is composed of an ontology representing design concepts using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) functional basis formalism. We assert that the uniqueness of a design concept is directly proportional to the mean semantic distance between itself and the set of competing design concepts represented as instances within our functional basis ontology. This leads to our Semantic Relatedness Uniqueness Metric called SeRUM. SeRUM draws upon semantic functional model representations of design concepts and computer science semantic relatedness techniques. SeRUM provides design teams a measure of their effectiveness in terms of generating unique design concepts. To highlight SeRUM’s application in engineering design innovation, a design innovation case study is detailed and the results are discussed.
Path-Diverse In-Order Routing

We present Path-Diverse In-Order Routing (PDIOR), an oblivious routing method which guarantees network-level inorder delivery for multi-path routing. Based on Exclusive Dynamic Virtual Channel Allocation (EDVCA), which allows single-path efficient inorder delivery with dynamic virtual channel allocation, PDIOR extends the same guarantees to routing schemes where each flow may be routed via more than one path. As with EDVCA, PDIOR avoids the overheads inherent in reordering packets at the destination core, and requires only minor, inexpensive changes to traditional oblivious router architectures: for example, an implementation of PDIOR on 8×8 mesh network with 4 VCs per port requires 492 bytes of memory per node, while inorder packet delivery in a comparable conventional network may requires tens to hundreds of kilobytes of reorder buffer memory at each node.
Strict Global Lyapunov Functions for Mechanical Systems

This paper presents a strict, global Lyapunov function for the class of dissipative mechanical systems defined on a configurtion space which admits a trivial tangent bundle.
Conditioning Transformations for Difference Systems

In this chapter we will consider linear difference systems of the form \(x(n + 1) = A(n)x(n)\), where det A(n) ≠ 0 for all n ≥ n 0. Various procedures will be discussed (similar to those in the preceding chapter) for bringing such a system (if possible) into what we have called an L-diagonal form, so that the results of Chap. 3 may be used.
Modality third grade

Names and common nouns have played an especially prominent role in discussions o f modal logic. The reason is not hard to fred; for much of this discussion has centered on W.V. Quine's allegation that modal contexts contravene the substitutivity of identicals and that they are, therefore, referentially opaque and not subject to external quantification. To take the familiar example, while it is necessary that nine is greater than seven, it is not necessary that the number of planets is greater than seven despite the fact ( if it is a fact) that nine is the number of planets. The moral to be drawn, Quine tells us, is this:
An algebraic compactification for spaces of holomorphic curves in complex Grassmann manifolds

Abstract We construct a compactification of the space of holomorphic curves of fixed degree in a finite-dimensional complex Grassmann manifold using basic algebra. The algebraic compactification is defined as the quotient of n -tuples of linearly independent elements in a C [z] -module. The complex analytic structure on the space of holomorphic curves of fixed degree extends to the algebraic compactification. We show that there is a homotopy equivalence through a range increasing with the degree between the compactified spaces and an infinite-dimensional complex Grassmann manifold. These compact spaces form a direct system, indexed by the degree, whose direct limit is homotopy equivalent to an infinite-dimensional complex Grassmann manifold.
Isolation of low-molecular-weight lead-binding protein from human erythrocytes.

In blood, lead is mainly associated with erythrocytes and only a very small amount is found in plasma. Previously it was thought that the lead was bound to the erythrocyte cell membrane but more recently it has been observed that lead is bound primarily to the cell contents, ostensibly hemoglobin. In examining the lead-binding properties of normal human erythrocytes and those of lead-exposed industrial workers, we have found that, whereas lead binds only to hemoglobin in normal erythrocytes, there is also appreciable binding of lead to a low-molecular weight-protein in erythrocytes from lead-exposed workers. The synthesis of this protein may be induced by lead exposure. The 10,000 molecular weight protein may act as a storage site and mechanism for segregating lead in a non-toxic form.
A psychoanatomical investigation of the blanking phenomenon

Abstract One cannot detect a white disk located at least 15° from fixation in an intersection of gray alleys that define a grid of black squares. A psychophysical examination of the anatomical locus of this “blanking phenomenon” is reported here. Stimuli were presented dichoptically; disk threshold was measured with fixed-step staircases. Three dichoptic experiments were developed employing different stimuli. Simple dichoptic presentations implied both pre- and post-fusion contributions. One follow-up experiment verified pre-fusion contributions, while another implicated post-fusion mechanisms. These results indicate that the blanking phenomenon has contributions from multiple sites in the visual system.
Accessing the elastic–plastic properties closure by rotation and lamination

Abstract A new theory for processing polycrystalline materials by rotation and lamination is presented. The processing is realized by ultrasonic consolidation that can achieve welded interfaces with minimal (and in some respects, negligible) disturbance of the microstructure due to plastic deformation. Evidence of minimal plastic disturbance is presented for ultrasonic consolidations of Ni 201 and Cu 10100 polycrystals using orientation imaging microscopy. A theory of rotation and lamination is presented in the Fourier space of orientation distribution functions (ODFs). Rotations of polycrystals define the orbit of the ODF, and convex combinations of the orbit describe the set of all ODFs that can be achieved by lamination. These orbits and their laminations are described primarily in the (yield strength vs. inverse Young’s modulus) properties closure. It is demonstrated that the orbit for a Ni 201 material, which exhibits weak texture with some {1 0 0} cube component, is relatively small compared to that of the strongly {1 0 0} cube-oriented Cu 10100 material. The principal conclusion is that rotation and lamination is capable of accessing a substantial subset of the complete properties closure when the initial polycrystal lamina possesses a strong crystallographic texture.
Postinfluenza Toxic Shock Syndrome

Postinfluenza toxic shock syndrome is a recently described entity that results from a respiratory tract infection with toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus following an episode of influenza or influenzalike illness. This report describes a 19-year-old man who developed an influenza B respiratory infection complicated by staphylococcal pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome. The patient improved rapidly with specific antibiotic therapy, emphasizing the importance of considering this otherwise highly lethal syndrome in any individual who becomes critically ill after an initial influenzalike illness.
"Green on the Screen": Promoting Sustainability through a Campus Film Series.

The authors describe the University of North Carolina Wilmington's Sustainability Film Series and the impact it has had on both the university and local communities.
Estimated cumulative radiation dose from PET/CT in children with malignancies: reply to Gelfand et al

Sir, We highly appreciate the comments of Dr. Michael Gelfand and his colleagues [1] regarding our article [2]. We agree that when appropriate administered activities of FDG and appropriate PET/CT protocols are used, the effective dose attributable to the addition of PET/CT to the previously required CT imaging can be much less than the 24.8 mSv stated in our study. In the discussion portion of our manuscript, we specifically pointed out that, while our original CT protocols were adjusted for patient size, we have instituted even more aggressive dose reduction protocols (as shown in Table 3 in our article [2]) that involve reducing kVp as well as the use of tube current modulation (a function that was not available on the original PET/CT scanner used in this study but is now available on the systems in our current clinical practice). We also described one key aspect of our practice, that the CT portion of the exam is used for diagnosis and not just for PET attenuation correction. This aspect itself has a significant impact on the radiation dose delivered to the patient. To obtain diagnostic-quality CT images requires more radiation dose than do images that are only used for attenuation correction. However, our radiologists believe that the information obtained is vital to patient management and so it is our practice to perform these scans at levels consistent with our diagnostic protocols. Further, it should be noted that our estimates of radiation dose were done in a very detailed manner and were not based solely on scanner-reported CTDI values, which represent dose to one of two standardized phantoms (either 16- or 32-cm phantom, depending on the manufacturer), and do not reflect actual patient dose. Instead, we used previously published Monte Carlo simulation results as well as published adjustments for patient size. We believe this provides a much more accurate estimate of actual radiation dose to individual pediatric patients than conventional estimates obtained using CTDIvol and Dose Length Product (DLP) values reported at the scanner. Finally, the point of our study was to review our existing institutional protocols, especially for pediatric patients with malignancies who undergo frequent and repeated PET/CT scanning and to look at not just the effects of an individual scan but at the cumulative impact on these patients, even for protocols that had been only somewhat tailored for children, and to evaluate their impact in terms of the radiation exposure. It should be remembered that many institutions do not have their protocols specifically adjusted for children and that many pediatric patients with malignancies are subjected to repeated studies to monitor disease status. Therefore, protocols should be designed with a balance of radiation exposure and benefit in mind, and both CT and PET/CT studies should be performed with specific pediatric guidelines, thus reducing the overall radiation dose to this patient population.