cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global structural condition assessment of highway bridges by ambient vibration monitoring

Structural condition assessment of highway bridges has long been relying on visual inspection, which, however, involves subjective judgment of the inspector and detects only local flaws. Local flaws might not affect the global performance of the bridge. By instrumenting bridges with accelerometers and other sensors, one is able to monitor ambient or forced vibration of the bridge and assess its global structural condition. Ambient vibration measurement outwits forced vibration measurement in that it requires no special test arrangement, such as traffic control or a heavy shaker. As a result, it can be continuously executed while the bridge is under its normal serving condition. For short-to mid-span highway bridges, ambient vibration is predominantly due to traffic excitation, inducing the bridge to vibrate mainly in vertical direction. Based on its physical nature, traffic excitation is modeled as moving loads from the passing vehicles whose arrivals and speeds are extracted from digital video. Traffic-induced vibration provides valuable information for assessing the health of super-structure, but is less sensitive to possible seismic damage in the sub-structure. During earthquakes, bridges are excited in all directions by short-duration un-stationary ground motion, and are expected to better reveal their sub-structure integrity. Therefore, traffic-induced and ground-motion-induced ambient vibration data are treated separately in this paper for different assessment objectives, because of the different characteristics and measurability of the excitation. By continuously monitoring the ambient vibration of the instrumented bridge, its global structural conditions of both super- and sub-structures can be evaluated with possible damage locations identified, which will aid local non-destructive evaluation or visual inspection to further localize and access the damage.
ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FULLERENES AND FULERENE DERIVATIVES: A POSSIBLE ROUTE TO ENDOHEDRAL COMPLEXES

An overview of the redox chemistry of the fullerenes, starting with that of C60 and going on to that of some of its derivatives, is presented. The main focus revolves around the cathodic electrochemistry of C60 in homogeneous solution as well as of some of its derivatives at very negative potentials. Potentials as negative as -3.3 V vs the ferrocene/ferricinium (Fc/Fc+) couple are reported. While underivatized C60 and C70 can be reversibly reduced to their corresponding hexaanions, their derivatives exhibit chemical reactions following their fourth electrochemical reduction. The results for some derivatives are interpreted in terms of chemical reactions that lead to the formation of stable diphenyl carbanions. During these reactions, it is proposed that a “hole” is opened on the C60 sphere, and thus the process is envisioned as a potential preparative method for endohedral cation complexes.
The Nervous System

The nervous system represents a diverse and multifaceted network that regulates all bodily functions ranging from control of heart rate to mental processes such as cognition. Our understanding of the nervous system has increased dramatically during the past 50 years, with advances in technology leading to enhanced knowledge ranging from genetics to cellular and molecular processes. As a consequence, the etiologies of many neurological and psychiatric disorders are being uncovered, leading to advances in the treatment of nervous system disorders.
Abstract 232: Comparison of Different Management Strategies for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Multivariable Network Meta-analysis

Introduction: Many contemporary trials have compared different management strategies, involving combinations of reperfusion therapies and early invasive approaches, for treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We used multivariable network meta - analysis to compare these approaches. Methods: We identified 29 trials in which patients with STEMI were randomized to at least two of the following strategies: thrombolytic therapy (n=4255), primary PCI (n=5850), or routine PCI after administration of thrombolytic therapy (n=4738). We categorized the latter approach as facilitated PCI (FPCI) when the median time interval between thrombolytic therapy and PCI was less than 2 hours and as a pharmacoinvasive approach when this interval was 2 hours or more. We excluded trials that did not routinely use stents during PCI. We identified short-term outcomes (up to 42 days) of death, nonfatal reinfarction, stroke, and major bleeding. We performed multivariable random-effects meta-analysis to compare these strategies. In addition, we estimated the probability that each strategy was associated with maximum risk for each outcome under a Bayesian model with flat priors. Results: Among the strategies evaluated, primary PCI was associated with the lowest mortality and nonfatal reinfarction rates, as well as the lowest risk of stroke ( Table- top panel ). Of the remaining strategies, the pharmacoinvasive approach was associated with the lowest risks of mortality, reinfarction, and stroke. The Bayesian model indicated that the probabilities of death, nonfatal reinfarction, stroke, and major bleeding were lowest for primary PCI and highest for thrombolytic therapy ( Table- bottom panel ). Furthermore, the probability of these outcomes was lower for the pharmacoinvasive approach relative to facilitated PCI. Conclusions: Primary PCI is the preferred approach for treatment of STEMI. Our analysis suggests that a pharmacoinvasive approach may be more effective and safer as compared to facilitated PCI and thrombolytic therapy. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Chronic alcohol consumption increases sensitivity to the anorexic effect of cholecystokinin.

In this study we examined the ability of intraperitoneal cholecystokinin COOH-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8; 0.2, 0.6, and 2.0 micrograms/kg) to suppress food intake in rats that had consumed a control diet, 6-8 g.kg-1.day-1 of ethanol (EtOH) in sucrose, or sucrose alone for 6 mo. Both the EtOH- and sucrose-fed rats developed significant dietary obesity. After 3 mo, the EtOH group was significantly more sensitive to CCK-8 than the sucrose and control groups, while the responses of the sucrose and control groups were comparable. In contrast, after 6 mo the EtOH and sucrose groups' response to CCK-8 was no longer significantly different. After 6 mo there were no significant differences in basal or postprandial plasma CCK-8 levels. The sucrose group had significantly higher basal insulin levels than the control and EtOH groups, and postprandial insulin levels, relative to basal, were significantly elevated in the EtOH group. Basal glucose levels did not differ among groups. Postprandial glucose levels (relative to baseline) were significantly lower in the EtOH group compared with the other groups and in fact never rose above baseline levels. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that EtOH, when taken on a chronic basis, increases the sensitivity to CCK-8.
Nuclear Excitation Functions and Thick-Target Yields: Zn+d and Ar 40 (d,α)

Radiochemical techniques have been used to determine partial or complete excitation functions to 15 MeV for the reactions ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{40}(d,\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{Cl}}^{38}$, ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{66}(d,\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$, ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{64}(d,\ensuremath{\alpha}n){\mathrm{Cu}}^{61}$, ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{67}(d,\ensuremath{\alpha}n){\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$, ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{64}(d,2p){\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$, and ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{67}(d,2p){\mathrm{Cu}}^{67}$. The results have been compared with the predictions of the statistical model of nuclear reactions. Most features of the ($d,\ensuremath{\alpha}$) and ($d,\ensuremath{\alpha}n$) excitation functions measured are consistent with the predictions of the model. The ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{67}(d,2p){\mathrm{Cu}}^{67}$ reaction appears to take place essentially by a direct process, while the ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{64}(d,2p){\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$ reaction, which has a much higher cross section, agrees with the model. Support is found for a rather large value of the nuclear radius parameter, ${r}_{0}=1.7$ F. Excitation functions are presented for the reactions ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{64}(d,p){\mathrm{Zn}}^{65}+{\mathrm{Zn}}^{64}(d,n){\mathrm{Ga}}^{65}({\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}){\mathrm{Zn}}^{65}$, ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{66}(d,n){\mathrm{Ga}}^{67}$, and ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{66}(d,2n){\mathrm{Ga}}^{66}$. Thick-target yields from deuteron bombardment of metallic zinc are given for ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{61}$, ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$, ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{67}$, ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{65}$, ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{66}$, and ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{67}$.
Acute care physical therapist evaluation and intervention for an adult after right hemispherectomy.

Background and Purpose. Hemispherectomy is performed to help control intractable seizures, yet little research quantifies and projects the clinical course of the impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities of patients who have undergone the procedure. This case report describes the physical therapist preoperative and postoperative examination, evaluation, and intervention during the acute hospitalization of an adult who underwent a right hemispherectomy. Case Description. The patient was a 27-year-old man who had intractable seizures despite having tried multiple drug regimens and undergoing several surgical interventions after a brain injury at age 5 years. He underwent a right functional hemispherectomy and then had 9 postoperative physical therapy sessions during his acute hospitalization. Outcomes. The patient made rapid gains, surpassing all initial goals. At discharge, the patient had distal left-sided sensorimotor impairments, but he was able to ambulate 121.9 m (400 ft) with assistance to maintain his balance. Discussion. The patient's posthemispherectomy recovery was rapid. His brain injury at a young age may have triggered preoperative transfer of function to the unaffected left hemisphere. The prognosis for this patient's improvements of impairments and functional limitations was better than initially expected, perhaps because of the redundant features and plasticity of the central nervous system.
Labs-to-Go System Identification Experiments

Labs-to-go is an innovative take-home laboratory system suitable for a variety of undergraduate laboratory experiments in civil, mechanical, and computer engineering. Conventional labs are expensive in terms of hardware, lab space, and support staff. Furthermore, for urban universities, the majority of students commute. The labs-to-go project can reduce the pressure on limited lab resources and required commuting via take-home kits which provide a learning experience equivalent to traditional labs. The apparatus consists of a set of smart beam elements, each comprised of an aluminum plate, a piezoelectric actuator, a piezoelectric bending sensor, and mounting hardware, with display and control provided using a personal computer with a digital signal processing interface subsystem. The students assemble (with extensive online teaching assistant support) a specified configuration and then measure and control its behavior using algorithms they develop as part of the assignment. The laboratory experiments fall into two general classes: measurement and control. This paper describes the measurement experiments, in which students use the apparatus to determine the dynamics of the structures and to develop experience with sensing, signal conditioning, and identification. The assessment results confirm that the labsto-go concept is viable and offer insight into improvements which can enhance the learning outcomes. INTRODUCTION The undergraduate engineering laboratory experience develops essential skills in manipulating variables, correcting for desired results, and drawing conclusions (Feisel, 2005). Engineering labs provide an outlet for applying these skills that traditional lecture courses do not, especially in allowing students to design systems according to defined parameters, challenging students to pursue their curiosity, and providing experience in utilizing engineering tools. Most importantly, labs provide the opportunity for students to authenticate (Edelson, 1997) what they’ve learned in lecture and to start applying their learning to the real world. Conventional labs are expensive and require resources, such as hardware and lab space, which are scarce. Many urban universities, such as University of Houston (UH) and University of Houston – Clear Lake are also commuting universities. For example, at UH, only slightly more than 20% of students live in dorms and the rest commute. More than 40% of students spend more than 30 minutes commuting to UH (one-way) per day. There is also a great demand to offer undergraduate education to full time employees from companies in the surrounding Houston area. Distance education addresses this problem, but traditional lab courses are not suitable for distance delivery since the experiments have to be conducted in labs. The labs-to-go 1151 Earth and Space 2012 © ASCE 2012
Real-time high-field measurements of joint resistance in the alcator C-mod TF coil

The Toroidal Field [TF] coil on Alcator C-Mod is a liquid nitrogen [LN2] cooled copper magnet with 120 turns. It can carry up to 250 kA and generate nominal fields of 8 Tesla. Each turn is made up of four straight segments: outside leg, top arm, inside leg, and bottom arm, 480 segments in all. Sliding felt-metal joints between adjacent segments make it possible to assemble and disassemble the magnet, and allow it to flex during high-field operation.
Contributions of Microtubule Dynamic Instability and Rotational Diffusion to Kinetochore Capture

Microtubule dynamic instability allows search and capture of kinetochores during spindle formation, an important process for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Recent work has found that microtubule rotational diffusion about minus-end attachment points contributes to kinetochore capture in fission yeast, but the relative contributions of dynamic instability and rotational diffusion are not well understood. We have developed a biophysical model of kinetochore capture in small fission-yeast nuclei using hybrid Brownian dynamics/kinetic Monte Carlo simulation techniques. With this model, we have studied the importance of dynamic instability and microtubule rotational diffusion for kinetochore capture, both to the lateral surface of a microtubule and at or near its end. Over a range of biologically relevant parameters, microtubule rotational diffusion decreased capture time, but made a relatively small contribution compared to dynamic instability. At most, rotational diffusion reduced capture time by 25%. Our results suggest that while microtubule rotational diffusion can speed up kinetochore capture, it is unlikely to be the dominant physical mechanism for typical conditions in fission yeast. In addition, we found that when microtubules undergo dynamic instability, lateral captures predominate even in the absence of rotational diffusion. Counterintuitively, adding rotational diffusion to a dynamic microtubule increases the probability of end-on capture.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli

This chapter briefly introduces Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli as well as antimicrobial use during food and food animal production. It discusses the resistance of E. coli O157:H7 to antibiotics as well as mobile DNA elements and their roles in dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. It also addresses the tolerance of E. coli O157:H7 and other STEC to several environmental stressors including oxidative stress, osmotic stress, and acid stress.
Pre-Nazi Discourse: Racial Imperialism

This chapter looks at pre-Nazi late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century expansionist ideas which informed and shaped Hitler’s understanding of Lebensraum imperialism, an ideology focused on gaining new ‘living space’for an expanding population, on colonizing that ‘space’ with settlers, and on ruthlessly thrusting aside the indigenous inhabitants. It examines the expansionist ideas of the American historian Frederick Jackson Turner (and his ‘frontier thesis’), the German geographer Friedrich Ratzel (and his notion of Lebensraum), and the German geopolitical theorist Karl Haushofer (and his geopolitical theories). It shows how the Turner-Ratzel transatlantic dialogue confirmed a shared genealogy between the classic American ‘frontier thesis’ and later German ideas of Lebensraum and how these Lebensraum imperialist ideas were transmitted to Nazi Party Leader Adolf Hitler.
Picosecond High Intensity Excitation of Silicon

The interaction of intense picosecond laser pulses with semiconductor surfaces has been widely studied to explore the basic mechanism of pulsed laser induced phase transitions.1-4 The density of electron-hole pairs created in these experiments approaches 1021cm-3 at the surface, with density profiles determined by the penetration depth of the exciting pulse. Frequently the frequency-doubled pulses of a mode-locked Nd:YAG system are used (λ = 532 nm, hν = 2.33 eV) creating electron-hole pairs via indirect absorption process involving the emission or absorption of phonons. For comparison, experiments with UV pulses (λ = 266 nm, hν = 4.66 eV) are performed, where electron-hole pairs with an excess energy of more than 3.5 eV are created via direct transitions. Previous optical and photoemission studies provided ample evidence that under these ultrahigh excitation conditions the optical energy is rapidly transformed from thermalized carrier distributions to the phonon system, giving rise to significant lattice 4-9 heating and even thermal melting during the pulse duration of 20 ps.4-9
The Perceptual Basis of Vast Space.

“Vast” is a word often applied to environmental terrain that is perceived to have large spatial extent. This judgment is made even at viewing distances where traditional metric depth cues are not useful. This paper explores the perceptual basis of vast experience, including reliability and visual precursors. Experiment 1 demonstrated strong agreement in ratings of the spatial extent of two-dimensional (2D) scene images by participants in two countries under very different viewing conditions. Image categories labeled “vast” often exemplified scene attributes of ruggedness and openness (Oliva & Torralba, 2001). Experiment 2 quantitatively assessed whether these properties predict vastness. High vastness ratings were associated with highly open, or moderately open but rugged, scenes. Experiment 3 provided evidence, consistent with theory, that metric distance perception does not directly mediate the observed vastness ratings. The question remains as to how people perceive vast space when information about environmental scale is unavailable from metric depth cues or associated scene properties. We consider possible answers, including contribution from strong cues to relative depth.
The Role of Emotion in Informal Science Learning: Testing an Exploratory Model

Although there is substantial research on the effect of emotions on educational outcomes in the classroom, relatively little is known about how emotion affects learning in informal science contexts. We examined the role of emotion in the context of an informal science learning experience by utilizing a path model to investigate the relationships among emotional arousal, valence, attention, environmental values and learning outcomes. Sixty undergraduate and graduate students participated in one of two treatments consisting of watching an exciting or neutral nature documentary video, reading an associated narrative, and taking a post-test. Our findings suggested that higher emotional arousal, less pleasant feelings about the content, and stronger environmental values led to greater short-term learning outcomes. We discuss our findings in relation to current understandings of emotion and learning in informal science education settings.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: Importance of glycemic control.

NAFLD is an important concern, as it can be identified in the majority of T2D persons and tracks with adverse outcome (1,2). In the current issue of the Journal, Feng et al describe effects of liraglutide, gliclazide, and metformin in a well-characterized group of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whose HbA1c levels decreased from 8.9 to 5.9%, from 9.0 to 6.5%, and from 9.4 to 6.0%, respectively (3). Intrahepatic fat decreased from baseline levels around 35% in all groups, by approximately 60% with liraglutide, significantly more than the decrease of approximately 30% with gliclazide, and the reduction in transaminase levels was only significant with liraglutide and with metformin.
Single-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics of ethanol/polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion fluids in circular minichannels

Abstract This work experimentally studied the single-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics of a novel nanostructured heat transfer fluid: “Ethanol/Polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion fluid” flowing through twelve circular minichannels of 1 mm diameter each. In this study, ethanol and “polyalphaolefin (PAO)” fluids were used to prepare Ethanol/PAO nanoemulsion fluid: it is a thermodynamically stable system formed by dispersing ethanol into a mixture of PAO and surfactants, in which ethanol forms self-assembled micelles of tens of nanometers in diameter. The formed Ethanol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids were used as the working fluids to study the effect of ethanol nanodroplets on its single-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics. In addition, the effect of flow regime on its heat transfer characteristics was examined as well. In this experiment, the Reynolds number was varied between 140 and 3400 to cover the range of flow regime from laminar to transitional. The friction factor and convective heat transfer coefficients were measured for nanoemulsion fluids of two different mass concentrations, and then compared with those of the base fluid. It is found that using Ethanol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids can improve single-phase convective heat transfer compared to that of pure PAO: under laminar flow, there is no significant difference in Nusselt number between Ethanol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids and pure PAO; however, Ethanol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids showed a substantial increase in Nusselt number when entering into transitional flow. Meanwhile, there is an increase in pressure drop and early onset of transition to turbulence for Ethanol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids compared to pure PAO. The results from this work suggest that as a single-phase heat transfer fluid, nanoemulsion fluids should be used in either transitional or fully developed turbulent flow in order to yield enhanced heat transfer performance. While the mechanisms behind are not clear yet, the stronger interaction and interfacial thermal transport between nanodroplets and base fluid at transitional flow regime is believed to be the contributing factor.
Horizontal Transmission of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Imperfect Fungi: Hyphomycetes) and Hydramethylnon Among German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Horizontal transmission of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin, and hydramethylnon toxicant among individuals of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was evaluated in this study. Transmission of hydramethylnon occurred through the feces. Contaminated feces were toxic to other cockroaches when mixed with standard laboratory diet at different ratios. Lethal time (LT50) of the nymphs increased as the proportion of contaminated feces in the healthy laboratory diet was decreased. When cockroaches were fed a diet consisting of hydramethylnon-contaminated feces and a laboratory diet at ratios of 1:0, 1:1, and 1:5, the mortality reached 100% at days 9, 12, and 17, respectively. The mortality was reduced to approximately 80% at a ratio of 1:10. Fifth-stage nymphs exposed to the conidia of M. anisopliae or hydramethylnon toxicant for 6, 12, 24, or 48 h transferred the fungal conidia or the toxicant to healthy nymphs. Rate of mortality increased significantly by incre...
Crops can be strong and sensitive.

The genes in maize that influence environmental sensitivity are largely independent of the genes that influence mean trait values.
Rhizome expression in a selected cross in the Sorghum genus

The segregating F2 population from the hybrid between grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), chromosome number doubled, and Johnsongrass (S. halepense) was examined for expression of rhizomes. A rhizome to non-rhizome segregation ratio of 3:1 was observed suggesting a single dominant gene regulation in the rhizome phenotype of S. bicolor and S. halepense. Approximately 72% of the F2 population overwintered and regrew from the rhizomes the following spring. When comparing these data with data in the literature, the rhizome regulating gene in the Sorghum genus may be an incomplete dominant gene requiring a few genes to be expressed additively that result in different degrees of rhizome development in the Sorghum genus.
Probing the sRNA regulatory landscape of P. aeruginosa: post-transcriptional control of determinants of pathogenicity and antibiotic susceptibility.

Summary During environmental adaptation bacteria use small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) to repress or activate expression of a large fraction of their proteome. We extended the use of the in vivo RNA proximity ligation method towards probing global sRNA interactions with their targets in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and verified the method with a known regulon controlled by the PrrF1 sRNA. We also identified two sRNAs (Sr0161 and ErsA) that interact with the mRNA encoding the major porin OprD responsible for the uptake of carbapenem antibiotics. These two sRNAs base pair with the 5' UTR of oprD leading to increase in resistance of the bacteria to meropenem. Additional proximity ligation experiments and enrichment for Sr0161 targets identified the mRNA for the regulator of type III secretion system. Interaction between the exsA mRNA and Sr0161 leads to a block in the synthesis of a component of the T3SS apparatus and an effector. Another sRNA, Sr006, positively regulates, without Hfq, the expression of PagL, an enzyme responsible for deacylation of lipid A, reducing its pro-inflammatory property and resulting in polymyxin resistance. Therefore, an analysis of global sRNA-mRNA interactions can lead to discoveries of novel pathways controlling gene expression that are likely integrated into larger regulatory networks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Robust control of a small-scale supercavitating vehicle: From modeling to testing

Abstract By traveling inside a gas cavity, a supercavitating vehicle can reduce hydrodynamic drag, increase speed, and minimize power consumption. The main challenge for controlling a supercavitating vehicle is a nonlinear force that arises when the vehicle back-end pierces the cavity. This force, referred to as planing, leads to oscillatory motion and instability. In an effort to develop robust control technologies for supercavitating vehicles, we developed and tested a control methodology for a small-scale system capable of freely rotating about its pitch axis in a high-speed water tunnel. We constructed a low-order nonlinear model of the longitudinal vehicle motion that is based on experimental observations and physical principles. By using this model, we developed a controller design method that delivers a proof of performance in the face of nonlinear and uncertain planing forces. Experiments with the vehicle prototype in the water tunnel suggest that the proposed control technique ensured higher performance when the uncertain planing dynamics are considered in the control synthesis.
Abstract 4312: 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin induces S phase arrest in ovarian cancer cells

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus fungi. In this study, we evaluated 3-hydroxyterphenyllin as a potential anti-cancer agent using human ovarian cancer cells. The cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2. The [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used to confirm that 3-hydroxyterphenyllin exhibited a potent growth inhibitory effect against human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70 cells. 3-hydroxyterphenyllin (2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 μM) reduced the viability of OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. 3-hydroxyterphenyllin (2, 4 and 8 μM) induced S phase cellular arrest for OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70 cells by upregulating CyclinB1 and Cdc25A expression and inhibiting Cdk4, CyclinA2 and CyclinE1 expression. These results suggest that 3-hydroxyterphenyllin has the potential to fight ovarian cancer cell growth by preventing progression past the S phase of the cell cycle. Citation Format: Yi C. Chen. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin induces S phase arrest in ovarian cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4312.
π-Spacer-Linked Bisthienopyrroles with Tunable Optical Properties

Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole is an effective nonconventional semiconducting building block that could be generated in gram quantities with relatively high overall yields. Three organic semiconductors containing thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole were synthesized in good yields without requiring time-consuming column purifications. The synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated. 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 3 Synthesis and Characterization 4 Theoretical Calculations 5 Optical and Electrochemical Properties 6 Thermal Stability 7 Fluorescence Experiments 8 GIXRD Data 9 Conclusions
Metadiscourse in Professional and Student Writing: A Corpus Study

Linguists and discourse theorists have found differences between student and professional writers, often framing student writing as immature and lacking rhetorical skills. These differences are often explored through the examination of metadiscourse, elements within writing that show the author’s explicit consideration of audience and organization. However, when discussing effective writing, difficulties arise because the criteria for effective writing differs depending on audience, context, and purpose. This paper reports on the results of a corpus study on the use of metadiscourse in undergraduate and professional writing in composition studies. The aims of the study are to offer possible reasons for differences between student and professional writer’s use of metadiscourse and to stress the importance of audience, context, and purpose when teaching and learning how to write.
Introduction: The Blind-spot in Medicine

An introduction to the blind-spot in medicine: human existence is systematically left out of healthcare. Two stories are told that introduce this blind-spot. The first is that of Kurt Goldstein, the World War I German neuropsychiatrist who describes a crisis in modern medicine. The second is that of Medard Boss, a World War II Swiss neuropsychiatrist who finds that medicine has trained him poorly to treat problems of meaning and existence. Time is spent differentiating existential health psychology from health psychology and complementary or alternative medical models.
Orbital changes of the gaseous ring around Be stars

In order to understand the seemingly erratic V/R variations and radial velocity curves of emission edges and central absorption of some Be stars, we have advanced, for the changes of structure of the gaseous ring around these stars, a theory that is based on the interaction between the existing ring and the newly ejected matter from the star. It shows that the structural change of the ring is completely controlled by the angular-momentum input factor and the dissipation factor. In light of this understanding, we have gone on to interpret the observed results of Beta-1 Mon and Pi Aqr.
Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) consists of asthma, eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and respiratory reactions to COX-1 inhibitors. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) combined with topical and systemic treatments is central to treating AERD. ESS followed by aspirin desensitization and maintenance aspirin therapy is the optimal recommended treatment in AERD patients.
Clinical Work-Up, Diagnostic Imaging, and Biopsy

Chordomas are rare malignancies belonging to a family of lesions derived from the primitive notochord. This family includes both benign notochordal cell tumors (BNCTs), e.g., giant vertebral notochordal rest tumors, eccordosis physaliphora, and the various subtypes of chordoma (classic, chondroid, and undifferentiated). Similarities in the imaging characteristic of these lesions may lead them to occasionally be completed with other neoplastic or infectious processes. Hence, the image-guided biopsy is necessary for definitive diagnosis. The conjunction of radiographic and histologic features allows for the differentiation of benign and malignant notochordal neoplasms from one another and from other entities in the differential. Additionally, thorough radiographic evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging, high-resolution computed tomography, and nuclear medicine or other staging scans enhances treatment planning. Using anatomic sequences, diagnostic radiologists can assist their surgical and radiation oncology colleagues in defining tumor boundaries, assessing the involvement of adjacent structures, and ultimately determining the feasibility of en bloc resection. In the future, immunohistological staining and gene sequencing may also facilitate the development of individualized therapies for those with disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis.
Working with Committee Group Dynamics

Although you may have known your travel companions fairly well before your trip, it would not be unusual to discover that their behaviors might change during the journey as a result of their interactions with each other.
Imposing ferality: a technopolitical analysis of feral and free-roaming animal classification technologies

Ferality, as a concept, may be a hopeful potential of thriving life in the Anthropocene; however, ferality remains problematically grounded in contested nature-culture binaries. Government programs...
Multi-layer Perceptron Estimator for the Total Variation Bounded Constant in Limiters for Discontinuous Galerkin Methods

The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is widely used in numerical solution of partial differential equations, especially for hyperbolic equations. However, for problems containing strong shocks, the DG method often needs to be supplemented by a limiter to control spurious oscillations and to ensure nonlinear stability. The total variation bounded (TVB) limiter is a popular choice and can maintain the original high order accuracy of the DG scheme in smooth regions and keep a sharp and non-oscillatory discontinuity transition, when a certain TVB constant M is chosen adequately. For scalar conservation laws, suitable choice of this constant M can be based on solid mathematical analysis. However, for nonlinear hyperbolic systems, there is no rigorous mathematical guiding principle for the determination of this constant, and numerical experiments often use ad hoc choices based on experience and through trial and error. In this paper, we develop a TVB constant artificial neural network (ANN) based estimator by constructing a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model. We generate the training data set by constructing piecewise smooth functions containing local maxima, local minima, and discontinuities. By using the supervised learning strategy, the MLP model is trained offline. The proposed method gives the TVB constant M with robust performance to capture sharp and non-oscillatory shock transitions while maintaining the original high order accuracy in smooth regions. Numerical results using this new estimator in the TVB limiter for DG methods in one and two dimensions are given, and its performance is compared with the classical ad hoc choices of this TVB constant.
Absolute cross section for the production of O(5S0) by electron impact dissociation of O2

Estimation of the aeronomically important cross section for the production of O(super 5 S super 0) by electron impact dissociation of O2 on the basis of recently published work of several groups. The cross section reaches a maximum value of 7 x 10 to the minus 18th sq cm plus or minus 50% at about 100 eV. The assumptions made in arriving at this cross section suggest several experiments which might be performed to further refine this estimate.
Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that enhances image contrast by using the susceptibility differences between tissues. It is created by combining both magnitude and phase in the gradient echo data. SWI is sensitive to both paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances which generate different phase shift in MRI data. SWI images can be displayed as a minimum intensity projection that provides high resolution delineation of the cerebral venous architecture, a feature that is not available in other MRI techniques. As such, SWI has been widely applied to diagnose various venous abnormalities. SWI is especially sensitive to deoxygenated blood and intracranial mineral deposition and, for that reason, has been applied to image various pathologies including intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, stroke, neoplasm, and multiple sclerosis. SWI, however, does not provide quantitative measures of magnetic susceptibility. This limitation is currently being addressed with the development of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and susceptibility tensor imaging (STI). While QSM treats susceptibility as isotropic, STI treats susceptibility as generally anisotropic characterized by a tensor quantity. This article reviews the basic principles of SWI, its clinical and research applications, the mechanisms governing brain susceptibility properties, and its practical implementation, with a focus on brain imaging.
The Valence States of 3d: Transition Elements in Apollo 11 and 12 Rocks

The absorption spectra of Apollo 11 fine-grained rocks, 10017 and 10022 are due entirely to pyroxene minerals. Spectral bands due to Fe3+, Fe2+, Cr3+ and Ti4+ and Ti3+ are detected. Single crystals of olivine in rocks 12021 and 12018 show bands due to Fe3+, Fe2+, Cr3+, Ti3+, Mn3+, and Mn2+. Pyroxenes in the same rocks exhibit band maxima of the same cationic species as in the olivines. Spectral shifts are noted due to anisotrophy of the crystal structures.
Fuel Tank Running Losses – A Pre-Control Evaporative Emission Baseline

Prior to nationwide installation of evaporative emission controls in 1971, a significant quantity of hydrocarbon vapors was lost from fuel tank vents during vehicle operation. Earlier published quantifications of that emission source/mode were based on test protocols which predated and differed significantly from the now well established 1975 Federal Test Procedure for regulatory emission measurement. This paper reports the results of a series of running loss evaporative emission tests on a fleet of 1970 cars. The testing was designed to provide experimental data under conditions consistent with the regulatory test. Uncontrolled baseline values of 6.7 g (0.9 g/mi) for 1970 cars and 6.0g (0.8 g/mi) for 1960 cars are consequently proposed as benchmarks from which to measure the extent of evaporative emission control accomplished by today's automobiles.
Approximate Information Flows: Socially-Based Modeling of Privacy in Ubiquitous Computing

In this paper, we propose a framework for supporting sociallycompatible privacy objectives in ubiquitous computing settings. Drawing on social science research, we have developed a key objective called the Principle of Minimum Asymmetry, which seeks to minimize the imbalance between the people about whom data is being collected, and the systems and people that collect and use that data. We have also developed Approximate Information Flow (AIF), a model describing the interaction between the various actors and personal data. AIF effectively supports varying degrees of asymmetry for ubicomp systems, suggests new privacy protection mechanisms, and provides a foundation for inspecting privacy-friendliness of ubicomp systems.
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS MODIFYING THE TREATMENT-FREE INTERVAL IN RECURRENT OVARIAN CANCER

Objectives While primary treatment for high-grade serous ovarian cancer tends to be uniform – maximal debulking and platinum/taxane adjuvant chemotherapy – there is little standardization of treatment in the recurrent setting beyond the exhaustive use of platinum therapies. Using secondary data from multiple centers participating in the Cancer Genome Atlas study (TCGA), we seek to characterize clinical features, timing and serial response data to provide empirical evidence for treatment expectations in the recurrent setting.
Strength and elasticity of SiO2 across the stishovite-CaCl2-type structural phase boundary.

Radial x-ray diffraction experiments were conducted under nonhydrostatic compression on SiO2 to 60 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. This ratio of differential stress to shear modulus t=G is 0.019(3) – 0.037(5) at P � 15–60 GPa. The ratio for octahedrally coordinated stishovite is lower by a factor of about 2 than observed in four-coordinated silicates. Using a theoretical model for the shear modulus, the differential stress of stishovite is found to be 4.5(1.5) GPa below 40 GPa and to decrease sharply as the stishovite –CaCl2-type phase transition boundary is approached. Inversion of measured lattice strains provides direct experimental evidence for softening of C11-C12.
Abstract 2911: Immune related melanoma gene expression profile predicts neoadjuvant ipilimumab clinical benefit

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background Patients with regionally advanced melanoma were treated with neoadjuvant ipilimumab in a previously reported study (ASCO 2012). Gene expression profiles of tumors of treated patients were investigated for their therapeutic predictive value. Methods Patients were treated with ipilimumab (10mg/kg IV every 3weeks x2 doses) bracketing surgery. Tumor specimens were obtained at baseline and at definitive surgery (week 6-8). Gene expression profiling was performed on the tumor biopsies of 32 patients using U133A 2.0 Affymetrix gene chips. Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAMR) was performed to test the association of each gene with outcome. Pathway analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. The Benjamini and Hochberg method was used to adjust for multiple testing in the pathway analysis. Results Pathway analysis identified biologically relevant pathways enriched with genes that are significantly associated with clinical outcome at baseline in relation to progression free survival (PFS) and disease non-progression (NP) as well as early on-treatment outcomes (PFS and overall survival, OS). These pathways and the top associated molecules were notably immune related and highly statistically significant. Pathways associated with clinical outcome overlapped between baseline and on-treatment specimens as well as across clinical endpoints tested. Table1 summarizes the top canonical pathways identified at baseline (PRE) and on-treatment (POST) and their association with PFS, NP and OS. Conclusions Gene expression profiling identified pathways and genes related to inflammation and autoimmunity that significantly predict clinical benefit from neoadjuvant ipilimumab at baseline and early on-treatment. These findings warrant further investigation in relation to ipilimumab and other immunotherapeutics. (Supported by NIH award P50CA121973 and BMS) View this table: Table 1. Pathways identified at baseline and on-treatment and their association with PFS, NP and OS Citation Format: Ahmad A. Tarhini, Yan Lin, Hui-Min Lin, Cindy Sander, William A. La Framboise, John M. Kirkwood. Immune related melanoma gene expression profile predicts neoadjuvant ipilimumab clinical benefit. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2911. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2911
Petiole sap nitrate sufficiency values for fresh market tomato production

Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars, Mtn. Spring and Jet Star, were grown on black polyethylene-mulched beds of a loam soil with an organic matter content of 2.4% for two seasons, 1996 and 1997, to evaluate preplant N rate effects on fruit yield and leaf blade total nitrogen (N) and petiole sap NO3-N concentration. Four rates of N fertilizer (0 to 136 kg ha−1), as urea, were rotovated into the bed prior to laying the plastic mulch. Samples of the most recently matured leaves were taken every two weeks for N and NO3-N content. Fruit yield and quality were associated with early season, 4 and 6 week, petiole sap NO3-N concentration. Mtn. Spring required 1050 ppm sap NO3-N compared with 900 ppm for the Jet Star cultivar. In 1996, Mtn. Spring achieved maximum yield at 31 kg N ha−1 whereas Jet Star required 67 kg N ha−1. Maximum yield occurred at 67 kg N ha−1 for both cultivars in 1997. Nitrogen rates above the optimum decreased early yields in 1996, but not in 1997. Soil N mineralization data ...
PROCESSES IN PERCEPTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF HIGHLY STRUCTURED STIMULUS MATERIAL

To investigate psychological determinants of the fact that perception is often nonveridical, stimulus items (mostly groups of letters) were presented tachistoscopically to 100 subjects. A 50-msec. exposure maximized opportunity for misperception. A substantial proportion of subjects misperceived, and as many as 88% reported identical misperceptions of various stimulus items. Many of the misperceptions were regularizations of the stimulus in the direction of the more familiar, i.e., transformations in the direction of a similar physical stimulus frequently encountered in the past. Results are explained in terms of principles of (1) perceptual insertion (UNIVERITY became UNIVERSITY), (2) perceptual deletion (HOSPPITAL became HOSPITAL), (3) perceptual transposition (WAHSINGTON became WASHINGTON), and (4) perceptual modification (UNCONSCIOUS became UNCONSCIOUS). These processes are believed to operate in ordinary everyday observation.