cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantifying deficits in the perception of fear and anger in morphed facial expressions after bilateral amygdala damage

Amygdala damage has been associated with impairments in perceiving facial expressions of fear. However, deficits in perceiving other emotions, such as anger, and deficits in perceiving emotion blends have not been definitively established. One possibility is that methods used to index expression perception are susceptible to heuristic use, which may obscure impairments. To examine this, we adapted a task used to examine categorical perception of morphed facial expressions [Etcoff, N. L., & Magee, J. J. (1992). Categorical perception of facial expressions. Cognition, 44(3), 227–240]. In one version of the task, expressions were categorized with unlimited time constraints. In the other, expressions were presented with limited exposure durations to tap more automatic aspects of processing. Three morph progressions were employed: neutral to anger, neutral to fear, and fear to anger. Both tasks were administered to a participant with bilateral amygdala damage (S.P.), age- and education-matched controls, and young controls. The second task was also administered to unilateral temporal lobectomy patients. In the first version, S.P. showed impairments relative to normal controls on the neutral-to-anger and fear-to-anger morphs, but not on the neutral-to-fear morph. However, reaction times suggested that speed-accuracy tradeoffs could account for results. In the second version, S.P. showed impairments on all morph types relative to all other subject groups. A third experiment showed that this deficit did not extend to the perception of morphed identities. These results imply that when heuristics use is discouraged on tasks utilizing subtle emotion transitions, deficits in the perception of anger and anger/fear blends, as well as fear, are evident with bilateral amygdala damage.
Effects of a Psychiatric Liaison Program on Internists' Ability to Assess Psychosocial Problems:

The ability to assess psychosocial problems of a group of primary care internal medicine residents education in a relatively unstructured psychiatric liaison program was compared to a group of internists who had no specialized psychiatric training. The primary care residents did not demonstrate a superior ability to assess patients' psychosocial problems when compared to internists without such training. The effectiveness of such unstructured liaison experiences (i.e., the Balint model of group supervision and teaching conferences) is questioned. The authors suggest that the main benefit of such informal approaches may lie in gaining initial attitudinal and administrative acceptance by nonpsychiatric physicians of liaison teaching programs. Formally structured, supervised learning experiences are probably necessary to effectively enhance internists' clinical skills and behaviors in dealing with the psychosocial and psychiatric aspects of medical care.
Proteomic analysis of the maize rachis: potential roles of constitutive and induced proteins in resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation

Infection of the maize (Zea mays L.) with aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus and consequent contamination with carcinogenic aflatoxin is a persistent and serious agricultural problem causing disease and significant crop losses worldwide. The rachis (cob) is an important structure of maize ear that delivers essential nutrients to the developing kernels and A. flavus spreads through the rachis to infect kernels within the ear. Therefore, rachis plays an important role in fungal proliferation and subsequent kernel contamination. We used proteomic approaches and investigated the rachis tissue from aflatoxin accumulation resistant (Mp313E and Mp420) and susceptible (B73 and SC212m) maize inbred lines. First, we compared rachis proteins from resistant and susceptible inbred lines, which revealed that the young resistant rachis contains higher levels of abiotic stress-related proteins and proteins from phenylpropanoid metabolism, whereas susceptible young rachis contains pathogenesis-related proteins, which are generally inducible upon biotic stress. Second, we identified A. flavus-responsive proteins in rachis of both resistant and susceptible genotypes after 10- and 35-day infection. Differential expression of many stress/defense proteins during rachis juvenility, maturation and after A. flavus challenge demonstrates that resistant rachis relies on constitutive defenses, while susceptible rachis is more dependent on inducible defenses.
Corn rootworm areawide management program: United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service†‡

The corn rootworm areawide management program was implemented by USDA-ARS in 1995 at five locations across the USA. This program is based on the use of a semiochemical insecticide bait applied to maize (Zea mays L) during peak adult corn rootworm activity. Managing adult rootworms minimizes the number of eggs laid, resulting in fewer larvae available to economically damage maize roots in the following growing season. To date, rootworm populations have been significantly reduced at all participating locations and new bait products have been developed and evaluated for use in rootworm-infested areas.
On the Shannon capacity of DC- and Nyquist-free codes

The design of codes which are simultaneously DC- and Nyquist-free is considered. The Shannon capacity of codes that are simultaneously DC- and Nyquist-free is tabulated as a function of the number of allowed running digital sum and alternating digital sum states. For this constraint, the set of possible rational capacities is shown to be (1/4,1/2,3/4). A rate 3/4 DC- and Nyquist-free code is used to demonstrate the ability to code at the highest rational capacity available. >
Medical Management of the Depressed Alcoholic Patient

Since the advent of modern psychopharmacology in the 1950s, use of medications in the treatment of many psychiatric disorders has become commonplace. Alcohol use is also widespread. As alcohol can interact with a wide variety of medications to alter drug effects, understanding the interactions between it and psychiatric medicines is important to the efficacious treatment of the depressed alcoholic with these drugs. This article briefly outlines the effects of alcohol and the mechanisms of its interactions with psychiatric medications. The most commonly used classes of psychiatric medicines, including antidepressants, CNS depressants, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, psychostimulants, and lithium carbonate, are reviewed as to their potential interactions with alcohol. Clinical implications of these interactions are discussed.
Heterogeneous Fusion of Omnidirectional and PTZ Cameras for Multiple Object Tracking

Dual-camera systems have been widely used in surveillance because of the ability to explore the wide field of view (FOV) of the omnidirectional camera and the wide zoom range of the PTZ camera. Most existing algorithms require a priori knowledge of the omnidirectional camera's projection model to solve the nonlinear spatial correspondences between the two cameras. To overcome this limitation, two methods are proposed: 1) geometry and 2) homography calibration, where polynomials with automated model selection are used to approximate the camera's projection model and spatial mapping, respectively. The proposed methods not only improve the mapping accuracy by reducing its dependence on the knowledge of the projection model but also feature reduced computations and improved flexibility in adjusting to varying system configurations. Although the fusion of multiple cameras has attracted increasing attention, most existing algorithms assume comparable FOV and resolution levels among multiple cameras. Different FOV and resolution levels of the omnidirectional and PTZ cameras result in another critical issue in practical tracking applications. The omnidirectional camera is capable of multiple object tracking while the PTZ camera is able to track one individual target at one time to maintain the required resolution. It becomes necessary for the PTZ camera to distribute its observation time among multiple objects and visit them in sequence. Therefore, this paper addresses a novel scheme where an optimal visiting sequence of the PTZ camera is obtained so that in a given period of time the PTZ camera automatically visits multiple detected motions in a target-hopping manner. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is illustrated via extensive experiments using both synthetic and real tracking data and comparisons with two reference systems.
Deadliest Enemies: Law and the Making of Race Relations on and off Rosebud Reservation

Deadliest Enemies: Law and the Making of Race Relations on and off Rosebud Reservation. Thomas Biolsi. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. ix. 240 pp., maps, tables, references, index.
A Dynamic Response Model of Human Spine Under Superior-Inferior G Loads Using Voigt Viscoelastic Representation

Transportation systems subject the human body to varying levels of vibrations, which causes lower back pain. Some studies presents that exposure to vibrations of 1.3 m/s2 for ten minutes a day can be harmful even for healthy people. With transportation systems being part of our daily lives it is useful to better predict the effects of vehicle induced oscillations on human via mathematical models. Anthropometry of a person is highly important when it comes to fitting the occupant to the seat with the restraint system together with their mass. Spaceflight travel further complicate matters since 4–6 cm increase in body height can occur during space flight and space vehicles must be designed to accommodate these changes.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Virtual Reality and Robotics for Stroke Rehabilitation: Where Do We Go from Here?

Promoting functional recovery after stroke requires collaborative and innovative approaches to neurorehabilitation research. Task-oriented training (TOT) approaches that include challenging, adaptable, and meaningful activities have led to successful outcomes in several large-scale multisite definitive trials. This, along with recent technological advances of virtual reality and robotics, provides a fertile environment for furthering clinical research in neurorehabilitation. Both virtual reality and robotics make use of multimodal sensory interfaces to affect human behavior. In the therapeutic setting, these systems can be used to quantitatively monitor, manipulate, and augment the users' interaction with their environment, with the goal of promoting functional recovery. This article describes recent advances in virtual reality and robotics and the synergy with best clinical practice. Additionally, we describe the promise shown for automated assessments and in-home activity-based interventions. Finally, we propose a broader approach to ensuring that technology-based assessment and intervention complement evidence-based practice and maintain a patient-centered perspective.
Comparison of Machine Learning and Knowledge Acquisition Methods of Rule Induction Based on Rough Sets

The main objective of this work is to evaluate the usefulness of the machine learning approach to knowledge acquisition. A series of experiments was done to check the quality of rule sets induced by the LERS system, which has four options; two of them represent the machine learning approach and the remaining two represent the knowledge acquisition approach. The six real-life data sets were modified to simulate incomplete knowledge. As a result it is clear that machine learning options performed much worse than knowledge acquisition options.
Retinal pigment epithelial changes after macular hole surgery with indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report the results of macular hole surgery using indocyanine green to improve visualization and facilitate peeling of the internal limiting membrane. METHODS: A retrospective noncomparative review of a consecutive series of 22 patients (22 eyes) who underwent macular hole repair using indocyanine green to facilitate visualization of the internal limiting membrane was performed. One patient was excluded because of a history of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. All patients underwent a three-port pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. Indocyanine green (0.1% solution) was used to assist in the visualization of the internal limiting membrane. The main outcome measures were postoperative visual acuity, macular hole status, and postoperative retinal pigment epithelial changes. RESULTS: In 21 eyes, the median preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 20/200 (range, 20/60 to counting fingers at 5 feet). The median postoperative visual acuity was 20/400 (range, 20/60–1/200) with an average follow-up of 13 weeks. The macular hole was closed in 18 eyes (86%) at the most recent follow-up. Ten eyes were found to have atrophic retinal pigment epithelium changes in the area of the previous macular hole. CONCLUSIONS: Indocyanine green assists in visualization of the internal limiting membrane in macular hole surgery. In our series, 10 eyes had unusual atrophic changes in the retinal pigment epithelium at the site of the previous macular hole, or in the area where the indocyanine green solution would have had direct access to the bare retinal pigment epithelium cells. Although the use of indocyanine green improves visualization and assists with peeling of the internal limiting membrane, the safety and potential toxicity of indocyanine green to the retinal pigment epithelium require further investigation.
Nasalance scores in noncleft individuals: why not zero?

Abstract Objective: To determine whether oral or nasal acoustic energy is primarily responsible for nonzero nasalance scores observed during the production of nonnasal sentences by individuals with normal speech. Method: Sixty adults with normal speech were asked to read the Zoo passage and produce three sustained vowels, (/i/, /a/ and /u/), with and without nares occlusion. Results: There was a significant decrease in nasalance scores between the unoccluded and occluded conditions for all four stimulus pairs. The mean decrease across conditions ranged from 8 (/u/) to 25 (/i/). In the unoccluded condition, the nasalance score was significantly greater for /i/ than for the other stimuli. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the majority of acoustic energy detected by the nasometer's nasal microphone during the production of nonnasal utterances is the result of sound transmission through the nose. The data obtained during this investigation, coupled with information available from other studies, suggest t...
Adaptive beamforming with low sample support via indirect dominant mode rejection

Low-rank MVDR beamformers such as conjugate gradients (CG) and principal components inverse (PCI) can yield a higher SINR than full-rank MVDR beamformer when the sample support is inadequate. However, a large drop in output SINR occurs if the low-rank beamformer operates at an improper rank. Indirect dominant mode rejection (IDMR) is proposed wherein one first employs a high-resolution spatial spectrum estimation technique to estimate the directions and powers of the dominant interferers. Subsequently, this information is used to construct an estimate of the signal-free (interference plus noise only) autocorrelation matrix (for a given look-direction). In this process, any residual correlations between the interferers and the signal arriving from the look-direction due to finite sample averaging is effectively removed. Simulations reveal that IDMR yields a dramatic improvement in output SINR relative to CG and PCI/DMR, even when the latter operate at the optimal rank.
Hasse Diagrams in Statistical Consulting and Teaching

Abstract Hasse diagrams summarize the structure of mixed models and can be used by a statistical consultant to help design a complicated experiment or to help clarify the structure of data to be analyzed. They are also useful in the classroom as an aid for obtaining expected mean squares or deciding which denominator should be used in an F statistic.
Peach Pest Management Programs Impact Beneficial Fauna Abundance and Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Egg Parasitism and Predation

Abstract We conducted timed visual observations of the peach canopy to monitor beneficial fauna diversity and abundance in orchards with reduced risk and conventional arthropod management programs. In addition, we placed sentinel Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) eggs in the peach canopy and determined egg parasitism, predation, and the total impact of natural enemies. Reduced risk orchards used minimal insecticide, G. molesta mating disruption, and managed sod ground cover to suppress Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae). Conventional orchards used organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides to control G. molesta, L. lineolaris, and other pests. Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) and C. plorabunda (Fitch) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Coccinella septempunctata L. and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), and Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were the most frequently o...
Mobile geolocation techniques for location-aware emergency response services

The Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) system uses cellular broadcasts to send emergency messages to cell phones in the area affected by an emergency (target area or TA). The granularity of cell broadcast areas limits geotargeting accuracy and results in False Positives (cell phones outside the TA getting the emergency message) and/or False Negatives (cell phones in the TA not getting the message). We have proposed a scheme where the mobile device uses its knowledge of its own geolocation to filter received emergency messages and alerts the user only if the mobile is inside the TA. This scheme can leverage the geolocation capabilities available in cellular systems for navigation and E911 applications. In this paper, we evaluate and compare many geolocation techniques in terms of their effectiveness for WEA filtering application. Based on the comparisons, we recommend a specific set of techniques working together as the best solution. We also identify changes required, if any, in the basic schemes to make them more effective for our filtering application. Finally, we discuss general considerations in a broader set of applications that use the geolocation capabilities of mobile devices.
Neck Incision Planning for Total Laryngectomy with Pharyngectomy

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of skin incision location for total laryngectomy with pharyngectomy (TLP) on postoperative outcomes including wound dehiscence and infection rate.Study DesignCas...
TCTAP C-118 Unexpected Entrapment of Guidewire by Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Deployment at Calcified Coronary Lesion

### Patient initials or identifier number 5256900 ### Relevant clinical history and physical exam This 64-year-old man experienced intermittent chest tightness during exercise for one year. Thes ymptoms get worse gradually, and the duration prolonged from few minutes to near half hour, and
Preparation of JinChan Oral Liquid and Evaluation of Its Effects on Children's Acute Upper Respiratory Infections

Objective:To investigate the preparation of Jinchan oral liquid and observe the effect in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection.Methods:The active ingredients were extracted with water and precipitated with ethanol from Lonicera japonica Thunb,Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,Bupleurum chinense Dc.Cicada shell and made into oral liquid.Then we randomly selected 127 patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection in hospital from July 1, 2008 to July 31,2008,divided them into two groups,and analysed the effect of Jinchan oral liquid between the two groups. Results:Patients who took Jinchan oral liquid has an effective rate of 90.00%,while those who did not take only 76.12%.The effective rate of two groups has significant difference(t=2.13,P0.05).Conclusion:The preparation of Jinchan oral liquid is relatively simple and the liquid shows a high efficacy.
Anglo Law and Navaho Behavior

ABSTRACTSince World War II, lead-zinc mines at “Carbonate City,” Colorado, have presented an excellent opportunity for steady off-reservation employment. Navaho Indians residing off the reservation sometimes break laws and come into contact with the “white man's” law enforcement agencies and concomitant legal system. Six hypotheses were tested, and three were verified: 1. A higher percentage of Navahos will be arrested for various offenses than Anglos.2. Traditional Navaho patterns of social control will tend to disintegrate.3. Some acculturated Navahos will attempt to manipulate other Navahos through the American legal system.Three other hypotheses were not verified: 4. Following arrests for similar charges, the percentage of convictions will tend to be greater for Navahos than Anglos.5. The fines assessed under similar charges will tend to be greater for Navahos than for Anglos convicted.6. As Navahos become increasingly familiar with American norms, fewer contacts with Anglo law can be expected.
Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome

In prospective studies in developed countries, the incidence of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is 1–2 children per 100,000 children aged below 15 years. Incidence rates are higher in children from South Asia. The majority of children with SSNS have minimal change disease but some children with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis or focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis also respond to corticosteroids. The aetiology and pathogenesis of SSNS remains uncertain although the evidence supports a role for both T and B cells. About 80 % of children with SSNS suffer a relapsing course and are at risk of the complications of nephrotic syndrome and of therapy with corticosteroids and/or corticosteroid sparing agents. Initial and subsequent remissions are achieved with high doses of corticosteroids. Children with frequent relapses and/or significant corticosteroid related adverse effects may receive additional treatment with alkylating agents, levamisole, mycophenolate mofetil or calcineurin inhibitors. This chapter provides information on the epidemiology, aetiology and pathogenesis, histopathology, treatments and outcomes of children with SSNS.
Reconciling State Sovereignty and Protections for the Internally Displaced

Questions about state sovereignty arise in any discussion of how best to protect internally displaced persons (IDPs). IDPs are those driven from their homes in fear like refugees, but who unlike the latter have not crossed the international boundary into another state. They "are among the most vulnerable populations, desperately in need of protection and assistance." Sovereignty does not prevent effective action to meet these needs, but governments invoking "sovereign rights" sometimes do.States retain a set of exclusive sovereign prerogatives but these are not absolute, and are balanced by corresponding responsibilities. These include responsibilities to other states, and the responsibilities of the state towards its own citizens. In particular, each state has the responsibility to provide both internal and external security to its citizens. When a state cannot provide for the security of its citizens international humanitarian assistance becomes essential.
K+/pi-+ Enhancement in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Using the expanding fireball model, we calculate the K/sup +//..pi../sup +/ ratio from heavy-ion collisions at 14.5 GeV/nucleon. A substantially larger ratio than that from the proton-nucleus collisions at the same energy is obtained if the contribution from the pion-pion interactions is included. This is supported by the preliminary data.
An earthquake sequence in the Sierra Nevada-Great Basin boundary zone: Diamond valley

The Diamond Valley, California, earthquakes of September 1978 occurred near the southern termination of the north-striking, east-dipping Genoa Fault, a major normal fault exhibiting cumulative Holocene offsets of up to 10 meters along the eastern margin of the Carson Range. Master-event location of the 14 largest events ( ML ≧ 3.0), using two close-in temporary stations for control, revealed a tight cluster 2 km in extent. P -wave first motions for the main shock ( ML = 5.0) resolve a strike-slip mechanism with an east-west axis of minimum compressive stress. Faulting (right-lateral) was assigned to the southeast-striking plane on the basis of aftershock migration in that direction. This style of faulting partially accommodates the regional stress field in zones separating left-stepping normal faults of the Sierra Nevada-Great Basin boundary zone. Seismic moments, Wood-Anderson magnitudes, and stress drops were computed for aftershocks using close-in digital seismograms; stress drops were higher than those found by Douglas and Ryall (1972) for aftershocks of the 1954 Fairview Peak earthquake some 130 km to the east. One identifiable characteristic of this sequence is that the ratio of P -to S -wave spectral corner frequencies is considerably greater (2.5) than unity.
Adding AB Plasma Units to Emergency Release O Negative Red Blood Cells (RBC) Issued to the Emergency Department (ED)

Abstract Abstract 4333 Background: Recent studies have shown improved mortality and decreased early coagulopathy in trauma patients with administration of RBCs, platelets and fresh frozen plasma in a 1:1:1 ratio (Shaz BH et al. Transfusion 2010;50:493–500). As a result, massive transfusion protocols (MTP) have become common at large academic institutions with level I trauma programs. Our institution recently added 2 units of AB plasma to our standard ED trauma cooler which contains 2 units of O negative RBCs and which is ordered by ED staff upon notification of an incoming trauma patient. The treating physicians can escalate blood component support by ordering an MTP if indicated. The purpose of this study was to assess the use and wastage of plasma and RBCs in the ED trauma cooler. Methods: Orders received for the trauma cooler from January 1 2011 to June 30 2011 at a large academic Trauma I center were reviewed retrospectively. Transfusions of RBC and plasma for each order were assessed as well as wastage of plasma or RBCs not transfused. Patients may have used more blood products than initially issued in the ED trauma cooler. Results: Ninety one orders were received for an ED trauma cooler during the 6-month period assessed. Fifteen (16%) of 91 orders resulted in transfusion of RBCs. Nine (10%) of 91 orders resulted in transfusion of plasma. Five of 182 (3%) plasma units issued were wasted because temperature parameters were exceeded before return to the transfusion service (TS). No untransfused RBC units were wasted and all were returned to available inventory. See table . The 15 O negative RBC units transfused from the ED trauma cooler during this time period represent 0.8% (15/1891) of our medical center's transfused O negative RBC units, and the 14 AB plasma units transfused or wasted from the ED trauma cooler represent 2% (14/573) of the AB plasma units transfused by the TS. Month Number of Orders for trauma cooler Number of Cases transfused RBCs Number of RBC units wasted Number of Cases transfused plasma Number of plasma units wasted January 13 0 0 0 2 February 15 2 0 1 1 March 12 4 0 4 0 April 14 3 0 1 0 May 19 4 0 2 1 June 18 2 0 1 1 Totals 91 15 0 9 5 Abbreviations: RBCs = red blood cells. Conclusion: Of the 48 academic hospitals participating in the 2009 University Health System Consortium (UHC) Efficient Blood Management Benchmarking Project, the published mean wastage of plasma was 3.36% (range 0.36% – 9.44%). Our 3% wastage rate for AB plasma in the ED trauma cooler was within this range. The addition of 2 units of AB plasma to the ED trauma cooler with 2 units of O negative RBCs was feasible at our institution with acceptable wastage of plasma and no undue strain on our supply and inventory of donor O negative RBC and AB plasma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
E-023 Patient Outcomes, Aneurysm Occlusion, and Cerebral Infarction Following Endovascular Treatment of Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysms

Introduction Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to rupture of an intradural dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm (DVAA) results in significant morbidity and mortality. Prior studies suggest favorable outcomes following endovascular treatment of ruptured DVAA by parent vessel occlusion or stent-assisted coil embolization, but post-procedural cerebral infarction related to endovascular treatment is less well characterized. We determined patient outcomes and cerebral infarction following endovascular treatment of ruptured DVAA. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed all consecutively patients presenting to our neurovascular referral center over a 10 year period with with SAH due to a ruptured DVAA. Patient demographic, treatment, and outcome data were determined from the medical record. DSA, CT, and MRI studies were reviewed for DVAA characteristics and cerebral infarction. Results Ruptured DVAA were identified in 30 patients with an average age of 56 years (range 35–86 years). DVAA affected the right vertebral artery in 20 patients (67%; p = 0.2), the non-dominant vertebral artery in 18 patients (60%; p = 0.4). Parent vessel occlusion was performed in 25 patients, stent-assisted coiling in 4 patients, and flow diversion in 1 patient. Aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 27 patients (90%). Symptomatic vasospasm requiring endovascular treatment occurred in 12 patients (35%). Cerebral infarction occurred in 9 patients (30%) following endovascular treatment, which were secondary to vasospasm in 5 patients (56%), parent vessel occlusion in 2 patients (22%), and a combination of vasospasm and parent vessel occlusion in 2 patients (22%). No other complications were identified. 8 patients (27%) had a good clinical outcome (mRS 2) at discharge, which increased to 18 patients (60%) at 3 months of follow-up. 5 patients (17%) died as a result of their ruptured DVAA. Presenting Hunt and Hess scale greater than 3 ( p = 0.003) was associated with a poor clinical outcome (mRS > 2 or death). Patient sex, age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary artery disease, smoking, illicit drug use, alcohol abuse, a family history of aneurysms, presenting Fisher grade, and the development of vasospasm requiring endovascular treatment did not correlate with clinical outcome. Conclusions Endovascular DVVA treatment results in a high rate of aneurysm occlusion and good clinical outcome in a majority of patients. The rate of cerebral infarction related to endovascular parent vessel occlusion is high. Further studies should determine if ruptured DVVA treatment by flow diversion results in acceptable rates of aneurysm occlusion and lower rates of post-treatment cerebral infarction compared to endovascular parent vessel occlusion. Disclosures J. Heit: None. R. Dodd: None. H. Do: None. G. Steinberg: None. S. Chang: None. M. Marks: None.
Negritude Revived: Gary Wilder on the Postcolonial Politics of Aimé Césaire and Léopold Sédar Senghor

Review of Gary Wilder, Freedom Time: Negritude, Decolonization, and the Future of the World.
Public Interest Communications: A Social Psychological Perspective

Public interest communications sheds light on how leaders and groups can optimize their social change efforts through strategic and science-based communication that serves the public good. This article examines how insights from the social psychological fields of social influence and intergroup relations can inform public interest communications, drawing on the Elaboration Likelihood Model, the Context-Comparison Model, majority and minority influence processes, and Social Identity Theory. Overall, these social psychological insights could be applied to advance both the research agendas and the practice of the growing discipline of public interest communications.
Glucocorticoids regulate MiR-29c levels in vascular smooth muscle cells through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms

Abstract Aims The objective of this study was to determine the underlying mechanism by which glucocorticoids (GCs) induce of miR-29c expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Main methods QRT-PCR was used for miR-29c detection. Protein levels were determined by western blotting. Knockdown of SP1, DNMT1 and DNMT3A was achieved through transfection with their specific respective siRNAs. The effect of GCs on SP1 activity was determined by luciferase reporter assay and the methylation status in miR-29c promoter was detected by methylation specific PCR. CHIP assay was used to determine the binding ability of SP1 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in miR-29c promoter. Key findings Treatment of RASMC with SP1 siRNA or SP1 inhibitor, mithramycin A, as well as DNMT1 and DNMT3A siRNAs and an inhibitor of DNMTs, Decitabine, resulted in increased expression of miR-29c ( P P P P Significance The stimulatory effect of GCs on miR-29c expression is mediated by these three mechanisms: transcriptionally regulated by SP1, and epigenetically through a methylation-dependent process and GR.
Traditional Versus Internet Media in a Restricted Information Environment: How Trust in the Medium Matters

We use original survey data from Malaysia to explore differences in how traditional and digital media shape the attitudes and behavior of citizens. In closed, and even semi-authoritarian, states such as Malaysia, the Internet, including social media, is often the only place for opposition-centered media to thrive. As a result, consumption of Internet media is related to dissident attitudes. We argue that this relationship, though, is mitigated by trust in the medium. Our results suggest: (1) trust in traditional and Internet media determines the frequency with which citizens use each corresponding medium to gather political information, (2) higher trust in traditional media is positively associated with attitudes about democratic conditions in Malaysia; the opposite is true for trust in Internet media, (3) trust in the traditional media is negatively related, and trust in Internet media is positively related to the inclination to protest, (4) the positive relationship between digital media consumption and this attitude is stronger for those who trust Internet media, and diminished among those who trust traditional media.
Validating 3D-printed porous proxies by tomography and porosimetry

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate how accurately a 3D printer could manufacture basic porous models. Geoscience research is evolving toward numerical prediction of porous rock properties, but laboratory tests are still considered a standard practice. 3D printing digital designs of porous models (proxies) is a way to bridge the gap between these two realms of inquiry. Design/methodology/approach Digital designs of simple porous models have been 3D-printed on an inkjet-style (polyjet) 3D printer. Porosity and pore-throat size distribution of proxies have been measured with helium porosimetry, mercury porosimetry and computed tomography (CT) image analysis. Laboratory results on proxies have been compared with properties calculated on digital designs and CT images. Findings Bulk volume of proxies was by 0.6-6.7 per cent lower than digital designs. 3D-printed porosity increased from 0.2 to 1.9 per cent compared to digital designs (0-1.3 per cent). 3D-printed pore throats were thinner than designed by 10-31 per cent. Research limitations/implications Incomplete removal of support material from pores yielded inaccurate property measurements. The external envelope of proxies has been 3D-printed at higher accuracy than pores. Practical implications Characterization of these simple models improves understanding of how more complex rock models can be 3D-printed accurately and how both destructive (mercury porosimetry) and non-destructive (CT and helium porosimetry) methods can be used to characterize porous models. Originality/value Validation of 3D-printed porous models using a suite of destructive and non-destructive methods is novel.
From Backwardness to L.D.: Behaviorism, Systems Theory, and the Learning Disabilities Field Historically Reconsidered.

This article examines the approaching dominance of behaviorism and systems theory in the contemporary learning disabilities field in light of the conventional historical interpretation of the field's origins to which most learning disabilities theorists subscribe. From this perspective, which locates the origins of the field in the work during the 1930s on brain-injured children, behavioral and systems management procedures appear as new innovations in our understanding and treatment of learning disabilities that direct the field toward progressive and humanistic ends. A more accurate history of the field locates its origins in the work of American educators from the turn of the century through the 1920s on the problem of backwardness. From this historical perspective, behavioral and systems management procedures turn out to be long-standing practices of American educators. They also turn out to be directed to profoundly conservative social and political ends that belie the progressive and humanistic orientation claimed for them. This revised history of the origins of the learning disabilities field can temper the willingness of contemporary theorists to accept behaviorism and system theory and thus retard the emerging dominance of this twin perspective.
Virtue and the Need for Heroes

Ronald Zigler has intended to take us on an educational adventure, a descent into the moral underworld of human biology, in search of "a theory of virtue and how it can be taught." With the shade of John Dewey as guide, intoning the admonition that "all virtues and vibes are habits," Zigler tracks the sources of aggression through the epigenetic land and, lo, approaches even unto the hypothalamus itself. He returns blinking into the daylight of moral education, clutching the truth that training in meditation is a key to the development of virtue, because it can "promote the functional integration of the nervous system" and dissipate the aggression that comes from "biological errors." As I read the tale, however, Zigler has wandered so blindly and won a prize so meager, I must ask, "Was this trip really necessary?" Put directly, I believe the paper has fatal flaws. [excerpt]
Pathology of Sudden Death in Coronary Arterial Diseases

Most cases of sudden unexpected death are cardiac in nature, and the majority are related to coronary artery disease. While atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the most common cause of sudden unexpected death in the United States, nonatherosclerotic coronary artery diseases are an important cause of sudden unexpected death, especially in the young. This chapter describes causes of sudden death related to both categories of coronary artery disease.
Bank Consolidation and Small Business Lending within Local Markets

This paper uses the relatively new CRA small business loan data to examine how bank consolidation has been related to small business lending within a bank's local community - particularly to borrowers having more modest economic prospects, such as very small businesses or those located in low- and moderate-income areas. The results of multivariate tests indicate that during the late 1990s, banks experiencing merger activity- including banks that did not themselves merge but were part of active holding companies - had systematically lower small business loan growth than inactive banks. But, the effects appear to reflect a general decline in small business lending rather than a shift away from lending to lower- income areas or to very small businesses. At the local level, merger-related effects are more pronounced when the merger activity increases the local market share of the surviving bank or its parent holding company. Thus, our results indicate that, at least in terms of the quantity of credit, the effects of bank consolidation do not appear to fall disproportionately on the businesses having more modest prospects. On the other hand, the market-level analysis indicates that standard antitrust concerns about the provision of local banking services still seem to apply in small business credit markets.
Effects of B2B Customers’ Perceived Benefits on Willingness to Disclose Information in an Online Exchange: An Abstract

The active role played by B2B customers in searching for and consuming online information has forced firms to embrace pull strategies, such as inbound marketing (Bleoju et al. 2016) and content marketing (Jarvinen et al. 2012). The goal of those strategies is to create firm-generated content (Kumar et al. 2016) that attracts the attention of B2B customers who are already looking for information in online environments (Chaffey and Smith 2012). Once they show interest in the content, the firm proposes an exchange for information about the customer. Through this exchange, the firm can develop a perceived expertise or authority within an industry or topic (Rieh 2002), which increases customer’s willingness to disclose information (WTDI) (Jarvinen and Taiminen 2016). Hence, the firm uses this data for the leads qualification process (D’Haen et al. 2013).
Pre-scan cortisol is differentially associated with enhanced connectivity to the cognitive control network in young adults with a history of depression

Abstract Background We have previously demonstrated that pre-scan salivary cortisol is associated with attentuated frontal-subcortical brain activation during emotion processesing and semantic list-learning paradigms in depressed subjects. Additionally, altered functional connectivity is observed after remission of acute depression symptoms (rMDD). It is unknown whether cortisol also predicts altered functional connectivity during remission. Methods Participants were 47 healthy controls (HC) and 73 rMDD, 18–30 years old who provided salivary cortisol samples before and after undergoing resting-state fMRI. We tested whether salivary cortisol by diagnosis interactions were associated with seed-based resting connectivity of the default mode (DMN) and salience and emotion (SN) networks using whole-brain, cluster-level corrected (p Results Pre-scan cortisol predicted decreased (HC) and increased (rMDD) cross-network connectivity to the dorsal anterior cingulate, dorso-medial and lateral- prefrontal cortex, brain stem and cerebellum (all seeds) and precuneus (DMN seeds). By and large, pre/post-scan cortisol change predicted the same pattern of findings. In network analyses, cortisol predominantly predicted enhanced cross-network connectivity to cognitive control network regions in rMDD. Conclusions The association of cortisol with connections of default and salience networks to executive brain networks differs between individuals with and without a history of depression. Further investigation is needed to better understand the role of cortisol and related stress hormones as a potential primary and interactive driver of network coherence in depression.
The Global Financial Crisis and Latin America

This essay reviews the following works: Rethinking Productive Development: Sound Policies and Institutions for Economic Transformation. Edited by Gustavo Crespi, Eduardo Fernandez-Arias, and Ernesto Stein; Inter-American Development Bank. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Pp. xxix + 461. $54.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781137397164. Macroeconomics and Development: Roberto Frenkel and the Economics of Latin America. Edited by Mario Damill, Martin Rapetti, and Guillermo Rozenwurcel. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. Pp. xi + 389. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780231175081. Free Trade and Faithful Globalization: Saving the Market. By Amy Reynolds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. x + 179. $28.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781107435179. Latin America after the Financial Crisis: Economic Ramifications from Heterodox Perspectives. Edited by Juan E. Santarcangelo, Orlando Justo, and Paul Cooney. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. vii + 251. $149.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9781137486615. Meaningful Resistance: Market Reforms and the Roots of Social Protest in Latin America. By Erica S. Simmons. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Pp. xi + 219. $27.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781107562059. Global Capitalism in Disarray: Inequality, Debt, and Austerity. By Andres Solimano. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. Pp. xi + 235. $35.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780190626273. The Last Day of Oppression, and the First Day of the Same: The Politics and Economics of the New Latin American Left. By Jeffery R. Webber. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2017. Pp. 1 + 305. $26.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780745399539.
Cardiovascular Risk Scores to Predict Perioperative Stroke in Noncardiac Surgery

Background and Purpose— Perioperative stroke is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Conventional cardiovascular risk scores have not been compared to predict acute stroke after non...
Participants' Perceptions and the Implementation of a Physical Fitness Screen for Aging Adults.

Background and purpose Physical therapists have been called upon to conduct annual screens focused on optimizing movement and slowing the progression of impairments in body functions. Screens are thought to be important, especially in an aging population, but there are limited data on participants' impression of screening and their implementation into practice. The first objective of this study was to examine aging adults' perception of a physical therapist-led physical fitness screening tool, The Adult Functional Independence Test (A-Fit). The A-Fit is a comprehensive screen that includes assessments of posture, flexibility, balance, mobility, endurance, and strength for those aged 50 years and older. The second objective was to examine the practicality and implementation of the A-Fit, taking into consideration time requirements and the ability of the test components to identify deficits. Methods This was a cohort study using a convenience sample of 37 participants (26/11 females/males, mean age = 59.6 years). A physical therapist performed the A-Fit to assess participants' physical fitness and then developed a physical activity plan to address the participants' deficits and goals. Performance on the A-Fit, the relationship between the components of the A-Fit, and time to complete the A-Fit were examined. One week after the session, participants' perceptions of the A-Fit and the overall session were assessed by survey. Results and discussion Participants strongly agreed that the screen was beneficial, useful, and worth their time. Fifty-eight percent of participants would repeat the A-Fit annually and 42% would pay for this service. Seventy-four percent reported that they would pay between $1 and $100. The average session length was 75 (SD = 13.4) minutes. On average, participants had 5.2 (SD = 3) deficits in physical fitness. Deficits in upper body strength and balance were the most frequent areas of deficits. Only single leg stance balance and ankle strength were highly correlated indicating that most of the A-Fit components were measuring different aspects of fitness. Conclusion The A-Fit could be a feasible screening tool for physical therapists to implement in the clinical setting and have value in identifying aging adults with declines in physical fitness and those who would benefit from further interventions.