cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Mobility Management Scheme for IEEE 802.11-Based Wireless Mesh Networks

Recent advances in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have overcome the drawbacks of traditional wired networks and wireless ad hoc networks. WMNs are going to play a highly promising role in the next generation of networks. Mobility management is one of the most significant management services for WMNs. Due to the inherent characteristics of WMNs, such as relatively static backbones and highly mobile clients, the question of how to provide seamless mobility management for WMNs is the driving force behind research. In this paper, a novel intra-domain mobility management scheme for WMNs is presented. A hybrid routing algorithm is used to forward packets, and during handoff, gratuitous ARP messages are used to provide the new routing information, thus avoiding re-routing and location update. Real-time applications over 802.11 WMNs can be supported by this scheme, such as VoIP, etc.
The Drug Acquisition Curve: A Method for the Analysis and Prediction of Drug Epidemiology

A method is presented to chart how a group acquires exposure to a drug. The resulting drug acquisition curve has a number of different parameters that describe the group's drug involvement. Key parameters include: (1) the age of exposure when the group begins to use the drug in greater numbers, probably because of exposure to drug-using peers; (2) the acquisition rate, the percent of the group who are newly exposed each year, a rate that is surprisingly constant over as much as 5 years; and (3) the asymptote, establishing the total percent of the group who will eventually try the drug. Acquisition curves for sequential age cohorts show changing trends in these parameters and can also be used to predict future drug epidemiology. A 4-year prediction based on this method proved to be very accurate for two of three drugs. For the third drug, a large increase in use was predicted, but the increase was even greater than expected.
Beware of Chilaiditi sign

No abstract available. (Published: 19 October 2015) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2015, 5 : 28622 -http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v5.28622
FOXP3 and its role in the immune system.

FOXP3 is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family. Unlike other members, it is mainly expressed in a subset ofCD4+ T-cells that play a suppressive role in the immune system. A function of FOXP3 is to suppress the function of NFAT and NFKB and this leads to suppression of expression of many genes including IL-2 and effector T-cell cytokines. FOXP3 acts also as a transcription activator for many genes including CD25, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen4 (CTLA4), glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family gene (GITR) and folate receptor 4. FOXP3+ T-cells are made in the thymus and periphery. The FOXP3+ T-cells made in the thymus migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues and suppress antigen priming of lymphocytes. Antigen priming of naive FOXP3+ T-cells and naive FOXP3− T-cells leads to generation of memory FOXP3+ T-cells which are efficient in migration to nonlymphoid tissues. Memory FOXP3+ T-cells are, therefore, effective in suppression of effector T-cell function, while naive FOXP3+ T-cells are adept at suppressing the early immune responses in lymphoid tissues. Both naive and memory FOXP3+ T-cells are required for effective maintenance of tolerance and prevention of autoimmune diseases throughout the body. Many factors such as cytokines and noncytokine factors regulate the generation of FOXP3+ T-cells. For example, retinoic acid, produced by the dendritic cells and epithelial cells in the intestine, works together with TGF-β1 and promotes generation of small intestine-homing FOXP3+ T-cells by upregulating the expression of FOXP3 and gut homing receptors. FOXP3+ T-cells can be produced in vitro from autologous naive T-cells and, therefore, have great therapeutic potentials in treating a number of inflammatory diseases and graft rejection.
Process Improvement Using Intelligent Six Sigma

Six Sigma is a well-regarded and proven methodology for improving the quality of products and services by removing inconsistencies in processes. Insomuch of the early Six Sigma initiatives was focused on process effectiveness in meeting quality expectations and process efficiency for achieving maximum producer value; the future trends is moving towards utilizing feedback loops to create intelligent processes that enhances the adaptability to changing conditions. The purpose of this chapter is to extend understanding of what performance measures can be applied to processes in order to gain useful information and the emerging application of artificial neural networks to handle concurrent multiple feedback loops.
The Cardiac Imaging Specialist: Pursuing Further Training.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, medical imaging has evolved into an essential component of modern cardiovascular management ([Figure 1][1]). In the early 2000s, the editors of the New England Journal of Medicine named medical imaging one of the most important medical developments of the
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Signaling at the Intersection of Pain and Opioid Addiction

Abstract Opioids have been taken for centuries for the alleviation of pain, although tolerance and the risk of dependence have hampered the beneficial use of this drug class. Insights into the mechanisms that mediate the analgesic efficacy and abuse-related properties of opioids have provided a basis for a conceptualization of the biological intersection of pain and addiction. Neurophysiological processes that counter the euphoric and analgesic properties of opioids may drive dependence through the generation of hyperalgesia. In turn, given that pain itself produces emotional distress, opioid-induced hyperalgesia may constitute a condition closely associated with the transition to opioid addiction via facilitation of negative reinforcement. Studies from multiple laboratories have implicated a potentiation of central amygdala corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling in pain and addiction, and these data suggest that attenuation of CRF1 receptor activity would be a particularly effective therapeutic strategy targeting the intersection of physical and motivational mechanisms driving addiction.
Sequence Diagram Aided Privacy Policy Specification

A fundamental problem in the specification of regulatory privacy policies such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in a computer system is to state the policies precisely, consistent with their high-level intuition. In this paper, we propose UML sequence diagrams as a practical means to graphically express privacy policies. A graphical representation allows decision-makers such as application domain experts and security architects to easily verify and confirm the expected behavior. Once intuitively confirmed, our work in this article introduces an algorithmic approach to formalizing the semantics of sequence diagrams in terms of linear temporal logic (LTL) templates. In all the templates, different semantic aspects are expressed as separate, yet simple LTL formulas that can be composed to define the complex semantics of sequence diagrams. The formalization enables us to leverage the analytical powers of automated decision procedures for LTL formulas to determine if a collection of sequence diagrams is consistent, independent, etc. and also to verify if a system design conforms to the privacy policies. We evaluate our approach by modeling and analyzing a substantial subset of HIPAA rules using sequence diagrams.
Controllable airdrop simulations utilizing a 3-D structural dynamic model

Joint research between the U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM), Soldier Systems Center (Natick), and the University of Connecticut focuses on the use of a 3-D Structural Dynamic (SD) finite element code to predict the behavior of contr+lable airdrop systems. The code has been paralklized and coupled to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes by SBCCOM and Army High Performance Computing Research Center (AHPCRC) researchers at Rice University (Members of the Team for Advanced Flow Simulation and Modeling (T*AFSM)). This paper discusses the current state of the code and presents examples of its usage in predicting the behavior of existing and new concepts for controllable airdrop systems. The paper presents results from four 3-D dynamic simulations: Case 1) a ribbon canopy during a two stage disreefing process; Cases 2 & 3) two methods of controlling a high-speed container delivery system (HCDS) utilizing a cross canopy with an A-22 container; and Case 4) control of a round C-9 canopy/payload system via four control actuators. (The latter system is currently being tested by a Boeing/Vertigo/SBCCOM team under the New World Vistas Precision Aerial Delivery (NWVPAD) program: Progress related to that system is reported separately.’ This paper presents an overview of the software (TENSIONS) and its capabiities, approximations and assumptions used in the sample case models and detailed results of the predicted timdependent motions, orientations and control line force histories. * This paper is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. tAerospace Engineer, Senior Member
On numerical solutions of Burnett equations for hypersonic flow past2-D circular blunt leading edges in continuum transition regime

Using the Burnett equations is one way to advance the continuum approach based on the Navier-Stokes equations into thc continuum transition flow regime for rarefied hypersonic flow. Though two-dimensional flow-field numerical solutions of the Burnett equations have been obtained in our previous studies, it is still uncertain how to formulate boundary conditions for the higher-order Burnett equations. Furthermore, few comparative studies have been performed to validatc the Burnett equations in multidimensional appliclttions. This paper presents a new method to formulate the additional boundary conditions for the Burnett cquations. The new method for the Burnett equations requires the same number of physical surface slip conditions as for the Navier-Stokes equations. We subsequently have obtained numerical solutions of the twodimensional Burnett equations with the new boundarycondition treatment for hypersonic flow past a cylinder where Knudsen numbers range from 0.02 to 0.4. The results show tha t the Burnett solutions with the first order slip conditions agree better with DSMC results than the Navier-Stokes solutions do, bu t the Burnett solutions with the Schamberg second order slip conditions seem to be inaccurate for Knudsen numbers above 0.2. 'v
Growth Abnormalities Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Skeletally Immature Patient: A Systematic Review.

Purpose To identify all reported cases of growth disturbances after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in patients with open growth plates and analyze trends with respect to different surgical techniques, graft choices, and methods of fixation. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases with the following term: "((anterior cruciate ligament OR ACL) AND ((((immature) OR growth plates) OR physes) OR pediatric))." Only studies that evaluated ACL reconstruction in patients with open growth plates and reported angular malformations or limb length discrepancy were included. Data were extracted, including patient characteristics, surgical technique, and postoperative growth disturbance. Results Twenty-one studies containing 39 patients with growth abnormalities were included in the review. Mean chronological age was 13 years, and 89% of patients were male. Overall, there were 16 cases of angular malformations and 29 cases of limb length discrepancy. The most common angular malformation was genu valgum (81%, n = 13; mean of 6.5°). The most common surgical technique on the tibia and femur was transphyseal (54%, and 77% respectively), and the most common graft used was hamstring autograft (58%). Among patients with limb length discrepancy, overgrowth was most common (62%, n = 18; mean of 13 mm). Interestingly, we observed that 50% of patients with overgrowth underwent a physeal-sparing technique, whereas 64% of patients with shortening underwent a transphyseal technique. Conclusions At present, there are 21 studies reporting 39 patients with growth abnormalities in the current literature, of which 29 cases were of limb length discrepancy and 16 of angular malformation. Of the 29 cases of limb length discrepancy, limb overgrowth accounted for 62% of cases. Perhaps most interestingly, physeal-sparing techniques were performed in 25% of the cases of angular malformation and 47% cases of limb length discrepancy, despite the commonly held belief that this technique mitigates the risks of ACL reconstruction by not violating the growth plate. According to this study, it is clear that growth abnormalities after ACL reconstruction in the skeletally immature patient are underreported, and our current understanding of the etiology of these abnormalities is limited. Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of Level II to IV studies.
The effect of aged litter materials on polyatomic ion concentrations in fractionated suspended particulate matter from a broiler house.

ABSTRACTInorganic emissions from livestock production and subsequent deposition of these ions can be a major source of pollution, causing nitrogen enrichment, eutrophication, acidification of soils and surface waters, and aerosol formation. In the poultry house, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions can also adversely affect the health, performance, and welfare of both animals and human operators. The persistence and long life expectancy of ammonia, odors and toxic pollutants from poultry houses may be due to the ability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to serve as carriers for odorous compounds such as ammonium ions and other inorganic compounds (e.g., phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, etc.). SPM is generated from the feed, animal manure, and the birds themselves. A large portion of odor associated with exhaust air from poultry houses is SPM that has absorbed odors from within the houses. Understanding the fate and transport processes of ammonia and other inorganic emissions in poultry houses is a neces...
The subcellular particulate NADPH-dependent O2.(-)-generating oxidase from human blood monocytes: comparison to the neutrophil system

Highly purified preparations of normal human monocytes obtained from peripheral blood were shown to contain a subcellular particulate O2.(-)- generating oxidase system. This O2.(-)-generating activity was present in particulate preparations from monocytes that had been previously stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate but was low or absent in control preparations from unstimulated monocytes or stimulated monocytes from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. In the stimulated preparations from normal monocytes, O2.(-)-generation was linearly proportional to cell protein concentration, insensitive to inhibition by azide, and dependent on NADPH as substrate. These characteristics are similar to the O2.(-)-generating oxidase system from human neutrophils. A significant difference in the apparent Km for NADPH was shown between preparations from stimulated monocytes and neutrophils (monocyte 83 +/- 16 microM, neutrophil 31 +/- 5 microM, mean +/- SE). Additionally, affinity of the stimulated monocyte particulate preparation for NADH was unmeasurably low.
Crystallization and Microstructure of Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene Based Isotactic Polypropylenes: Simulation and Experiment

The quenching of slabs with a thermocouple placed in them is a very useful method to study the crystallization of Metallocene Based Isotactic Polypropylenes (iPPs) at high cooling rates. Using this technique, De Carvalho and his colleagues were able to modify the approach to the simulation of the crystallization process in quenched slabs of i-PP's. They introduced a modified equation to obtain the nuclei concentration along the gapwise direction and incorporated the temperature dependence of physical properties. This equation for calculating the nuclei concentration led to a better description of the spherulite diameters. In particular, simulated spherulite size distribution in quenched slabs was found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results. This chapter discusses quenching experiments and simulations of the morphology of metallocene and Ziegler–Natta based i-PP along with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) experiments to obtain isothermal and non-isothermal rate of crystallization and induction time. In addition, spherulitic growth rate experiments are carried out. The differences and similarities of crystallization processes in these polymers are also discussed.
Information seeking and model predictive control of a cooperative multi-robot system

In this paper, we propose a cooperative multi-robot control system, operating in an unfamiliar or unstructured environment. We focus on a robust model predictive control (robust-MPC) framework that enables robotic agents to operate in uncertain environments, and study the effect of observation uncertainties that arise from sensor noise on cooperative control performance. The proposed system relies on cooperative observation based on an information-seeking theory, in which the system not only can compensate uncertainty, but also takes actions to mitigate it. We carry out a case study that demonstrates a multi-robot collision avoidance scenario in an unknown environment. Simulation results show that the combination of robust-MPC methods and cooperative observation enables the cooperative multi-robot system to move efficiently and reach the goal faster than an uncooperative scenario.
On the security of Angle of Arrival estimation

Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation has found its way to a wide range of applications. Much attention has been paid to study different techniques for AoA estimation and its applications for jamming suppression, however, security vulnerability issues of AoA estimation itself under hostile activity have not been paid the same attention. In this paper, the problem of AoA estimation in Rician flat fading channel under jamming condition is investigated. We consider the scenario in which a receiver with multiple antenna is trying to estimate the AoA of the specular line of sight (LOS) component of signal received from a given single antenna transmitter using a predefined training sequence. A jammer equipped with multiple antennas is trying to interrupt the AoA estimation phase by sending an arbitrary signal. We derive the optimal jammer and receiver strategies in various scenarios based on the knowledge of the opponent strategies and the available information about the communication channel. In all scenarios, we derive the optimal jammer signal design as well as its optimal power allocation policy. The results show the optimality of the training based Maximum Likelihood (ML) AoA estimator in case of randomly generated jamming signal. We also show that, the optimal jammer strategy is to emit a signal identical to the predefined training sequence turning the estimation process into a highest power competition scenario in which the detected AoA is the one for the transmitting entity of higher power. The obtained results are supported by the provided computer simulation.
How Can California Be a Bad State for Business if Its Per Capita GDP Keeps Growing

This paper is a follow-up to a study that ranked California last in terms of business friendliness. The present paper provides some reasons why the per capita GDP in California is going up even though thousands of business are leaving the state because of its high taxes and burdensome regulations.
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Detriments in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of conservative rehabilitation programs for improving health-related quality of life (HRQL) in individuals ...
Abstract 684: Integrative proteomics and transcriptomics to define the cell surface landscape of neuroblastoma

BACKGROUND. Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system that accounts for 12% of childhood cancer deaths. Despite intense multimodal therapy, survival probability for high-risk NB patients remains below 50% and relapsed NB is essentially incurable. To date, the cell surface landscape of NB at diagnosis and relapse is currently unknown. An unbiased survey of these proteins and their isoforms will greatly facilitate the identification of candidate immunotherapeutic targets for preclinical validation. METHODS. To identify proteins on the cell surface of NB, we performed plasma membrane protein extraction utilizing an optimized sucrose density gradient methodology followed by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) in NB cell lines. Proteomic data is integrated with RNA-sequencing data to assess the correlation between these data types, determine differential expression between NB (n=2242) and normal tissues (n=7859), and investigate NB-specific isoforms. In parallel, we have developed a software tool to aid in proteomic data analysis and interpretation. RESULTS. To date, we have applied our proteomic approach to nine NB cell lines stratified by MYCN amplification. This methodology has yielded on average 66% (range: 60-68%) membrane protein enrichment with high reproducibility between biological replicates (80%; range: 78-84% ). This has allowed us to confirm known cell surface proteins that are currently being developed as immunotherapeutic targets (ALK, GPC2 and NCAM1). We are currently integrating the mass spectrometry based proteomics data, where we identified 4826 membrane proteins, with RNA-sequencing data to evaluate proteins expressed uniquely in neuroblastoma and those that correlate with MYCN amplification. We are further determining how RNA and protein levels correlate on the cell surface and will utilize these data to detect NB-specific isoforms. In parallel, we have also created GiaPronto, an efficient tool for data analysis and visualization. After normalization, our program outputs several plots and figure legends that assess data quality, regulated or abundant proteins, and Gene Ontology. CONCLUSION. We have developed robust methodology for cell surface protein isolation and quantification along with a software package to facilitate downstream analyses. Parallel proteomic and transcriptomic studies in patient derived xenografts (PDX) and patient tumors are ongoing to define the cell surface landscape in both diagnostic and relapsed NB. Citation Format: Amber K. Weiner, Simone Sidoli, Tina Glisovic-Aplenc, John M. Maris, Benjamin A. Garcia, Sharon J. Diskin. Integrative proteomics and transcriptomics to define the cell surface landscape of neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 684. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-684
Toluidine Blue Staining of Resin-Embedded Sections for Evaluation of Peripheral Nerve Morphology

Peripheral nerves extend throughout the body, innervating target tissues with motor or sensory axons. Due to widespread distribution, peripheral nerves are frequently damaged because of trauma or disease. As methods and strategies have been developed to assess peripheral nerve injury in animal models, function and regeneration, analyzing the morphometry of the peripheral nerve has become an essential terminal outcome measurement. Toluidine blue staining of nerve cross sections obtained from resin embedded nerve sections is a reproducible method for qualitative and quantitative assessments of peripheral nerves, enabling visualization of morphology number of axons and degree of myelination. This technique, as with many other histological methods, can be difficult to learn and master using standard written protocols. The intent of this publication is therefore to accentuate written protocols for toluidine blue staining of peripheral nerves with videography of the method, using sciatic nerves harvested from rats. In this protocol, we describe in vivo peripheral nerve fixation and collection of the tissue, and post-fixation with 2% osmium tetroxide, embedding of nerves in epoxy resin, and ultramicrotome sectioning of nerves to 1-2μm thickness. Nerve sections then transferred to a glass slide and stained with toluidine blue, after which they are quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Examples of the most common problems are shown, as well as steps for mitigating these issues.
Students Who Are Gifted and Talented

Information related to those individuals who possess superior characteristics in one or more areas should be included in any discussion of exceptional students. These students, referred to as gifted and talented, require special education that provides them with an opportunity to develop those superior skills. In recent years considerable attention has been given to the appropriate education of gifted and talented students.
Psychology of Risky Decisions

Most definitions of a decision problem include (1) the courses of action or alternatives available to the decision maker; (2) the possible outcomes and values attached to them, conditional on the actions; and (3) the events or contingencies that relate actions to outcomes (Huber, 1980; Tversky & Kahneman, 1981). The evaluation and/or choice among a set of gambles captures all three of the basic informational elements that constitute most decision problems. Consequently, the study of the psychological processes involved in judgments and choices among gambles has been one of the most active areas of decision research (see Einhorn & Hogarth, 1981; Slovic, Fischhoff, & Lichtenstein, 1977). Understanding how individuals make decisions under risk also has direct relevance for improving decisions in business (Libby & Fishburn, 1977) and public policy (Slovic, 1978). Decision analysts and others whose job is to improve decision performance often use responses to simple gambles as inputs to normative models (Keeney & Raiffa, 1976).
The Timing of Hormone Signals in the Orchestration of Brain Development

During development, the entire organism as well as specific organs and systems, including the central nervous system (CNS), undergo so-called critical periods characterized by accelerated growth and differentiation and by great susceptibility to environmental stimuli. Among such stimuli, hormones have been shown to play roles, both organizational (i.e., to direct cell differentiation) and regulatory (i.e., to influence the rate of growth and metabolism in mammals). The most important developmental effects of major hormones are presented in Table I.
A Pattern-Associative Router for Interconnection Network Adaptive Algorithms

In this paper, we propose a high-performance router approach to handle adaptive, deadlock-free, wormhole routing algorithms in a number of interconnection network topologies. The router allows programmable support for a wide range of networks and routing algorithms. Routing algorithms are mapped to a set of bit-patterns which are matched in parallel. The number of bit patterns required depends on the network topology and adaptive routing algorithm; in general this number is of O(network degree). To show the applicability of this adaptive router, we have studied a number of adaptive routing algorithms.
Computers in the Food Analysis Laboratory

Today’s food analysis laboratory has no choice but to embrace the electronic laboratory. Faced with awesome legal and fiscal imperatives the laboratory manager must make some decisions which involve a synergistic interaction between hardward, operating systems, and software. This ensemble must provide the services required by his beleaguered staff. The implementation must take into consideration the psychological, political, diplomatic, and fiscal patterns of the environment.
Isolated Low HDL

Primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia is characterized by isolated low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) below the tenth percentile compared with age- and gender-matched controls. Low levels of HDL-C are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in epidemiologic studies, and in randomized clinical trials of statin therapy low levels of HDL-C identified patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events, even when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are less than 70 mg/dL. Raising HDL-C levels with therapeutic lifestyle changes and pharmacologic intervention might afford opportunities to further reduce the risk of CHD beyond LDL-C lowering. Statins are first-line pharmacotherapy for the treatment of dyslipidemia to reduce cardiovascular events and statins can also improve HDL-C levels, although the extent to which they modify HDL-C varies. Combining niacin with statin therapy raises HDL-C more than a statin alone and this combination has been shown to reduce atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in two small-scale clinical trials. One large-scale clinical trial has been initiated to investigate the efficacy of statin–niacin monotherapy.
Effects of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 in a rat model of trauma-induced long-term anxiety.

The endocannabinoid neurotransmitter, anandamide, has been implicated in the central modulation of stress responses. Previous animal experiments have shown that inhibitors of the anandamide-degrading enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), enhance the ability to cope with acute and chronic stress. Here, we investigated the effects of the globally active FAAH inhibitor URB597 in a rat model of predator stress-induced long-term anxiety. Rats exposed to 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), a chemical constituent of fox feces, developed a persistent anxiety-like state, which was assessed 7 days after exposure using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Systemic administration of URB597 [0.03–0.1-0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (ip)] 2 h before testing suppressed TMT-induced behaviors with a median effective dose (IC50) of 0.075 mg/kg. This effect was strongly correlated with inhibition of brain FAAH activity (r2 = 1.0) and was accompanied by increased brain levels of three FAAH substrates: the endocannabinoid anandamide and the endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonists, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). The anxiolytic-like effects of URB597 were blocked by co-administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (1 mg/kg, ip), but not of the PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 (1 mg/kg, ip). Finally, when administered 18 h after TMT exposure (i.e., 6 days before the EPM test), URB597 (0.3 mg/kg, ip) prevented the consolidation of anxiety-like behavior in a CB1-dependent manner. The results support the hypothesis that anandamide-mediated signaling at CB1 receptors serves an important regulatory function in the stress response, and confirm that FAAH inhibition may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Cultural Enhancement of PCIT for American Indian Families: Honoring Children, Making Relatives

Honoring Children is a series of cultural translations of evidence-based treatments for children and families. Honoring Children—Making Relatives describes an approach for translating the core concepts of PCIT to explore their alignment with traditional family values and ways of caring for children. The concepts of PCIT theory match traditional cultural parenting teachings of the Indigenous people of the US that have stood the test of time. Modern research confirms what has been known in the tribal communities for centuries—attention, warmth, commitment, and structure serve parent–child bonding well. PCIT provides a format and methods that can improve the transmission of these well-established concepts. The chapter describes the rationale, research support, and techniques that support the application of PCIT to American Indian families.
Liquid Alternative Mutual Funds versus Hedge Funds: Returns, Risk Factors, and Diversification

Despite the rapid rise of the number of liquid alternative mutual funds (LAMFs) available to retail investors in recent years, few studies have compared how their returns, risk, and other characteristics (fees, turnover, and assets) differ from their hedge fund counterparts across their entire history. Being one of the first comprehensive studies to analyze more than two decades of LAMF performance, this article compares the performance of LAMFs to hedge funds, both in aggregate and broken down by investment styles and performance quintiles. Overall, LAMFs underperform hedge funds on average by 1% to 2% per year on a net-of-fee basis when controlling for standard risk factors. These findings provide important implications for investors seeking liquid hedge fund–like returns as well as for policymakers who have recently proposed imposing derivative position limits on 1940 Act investment vehicles. TOPICS:Mutual funds/passive investing/indexing, real assets/alternative investments/private equity, performance measurement, legal/regulatory/public policy
MP50-02 PREOPERATIVE PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOCUSED ON INFLAMMATION-, NUTRITION-, AND MUSCLE-STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH UPPER URINARY TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA UNDERGOING NEPHROURETERECTOMY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:The prognosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has been reported as postoperative pathological factors such as pathological T stage and tumor grade. Ho...
Identification and Systemization of Solvent Properties Involved in the Ligand Substitution Kinetics of Labile Complexes of Nickel(II)

It is a truism that all reactions occurring in solution are influenced by the solvent. This influence varies from a relatively subtle modulation of solute properties to a profound control over the thermodynamics, mechanisms and kinetics of reactions. Examples of particularly significant solvent effects occur in proton transfer and ligand substitution processes. It is the latter type of process which is the subject of this discussion.
The Reciprocal Effects of Loneliness and Consumer Ethnocentrism in Online Behavior

This research investigates the interrelated effects of loneliness and consumer ethnocentrism (CE) on product choices. In Study 1, our results show loneliness predicts domestic-choice behavior via i...
Building a Family-Centered Practice in Vietnam: Validation and Translation of Occupation-Based Pediatric Assessments

Date Presented 04/05/19 Primary Author and Speaker: Patty Coker-Bolt Additional Authors and Speakers: Thomas Platt, Emily Graves, Ashley Brady, Haley Ranson, Kat Jones, Craig Velozo
When Did Behavior Change Become So Tough

Behavior change, albeit simple in concept, is actually a myriad of complex processes designed to address numerous constructs. It is because of this complexity that practitioners should be careful t...
IMPACT OF PREOPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION/FLUTTER IN LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE RECIPIENTS

The data regarding the risks of adverse outcomes in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients with preoperative atrial arrhythmias (PAA) are inconclusive. The INTERMACS [Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support] registry was used to assess the association between
Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry

In this article, an overview of the broad characteristics, capabilities, and analytical applications of glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) is presented. The fundamental aspects of the glow discharge (GD) plasma will be briefly discussed, as well as the different source configurations, operational modes, and mass analyzers employed for the generation of a GD ionization source and the analysis of a multitude of matrices. GDMS has been successfully applied for the analysis of elements covering the entire periodic table in samples such as bulk metals, semiconductors, thin films, glasses, polymers, ceramics, and others. The concentration values for the different sample types are spread over the nanogram-to-percent levels. Hence, the common methodologies used during the generation of quantitative values and the analytical applications of GDMS will be summarized. Finally, advances in the use of GD ionization sources as detectors in gas and liquid chromatography separations will also be described.
Racing against stomatal attenuation: rapid CO2 response curves more reliably estimate photosynthetic capacity than steady state curves in a low conductance species

Abstract A/Ci curves are an important gas-exchange-based approach to understanding the regulation of photosynthesis, describing the response of net CO2 assimilation (A) to leaf internal concentration of CO2 (Ci). Low stomatal conductance species pose a challenge to the measurement of A/Ci curves by reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of gas exchange measures. Additionally, the stomatal attenuation effect of elevated ambient CO2 leads to further reduction of conductance and may lead to erroneous interpretation of high Ci responses of A. Rapid A/Ci response (RACiR) curves offer a potential practice to develop A/Ci curves faster than the stomatal closure response to elevated CO2. We used the moderately low conductance Citrus to compare traditional steady state (SS) A/Ci curves with RACiR curves. SS curves failed more often than RACiR curves. Overall parameter estimates were the same between SS and RACiR curves. When low stomatal conductance values were removed, triose-phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation estimates increased. Overall RACiR stomatal conductance values began and remained higher than SS values. Based on the comparable resulting parameter estimates, higher likelihood of success and reduced measurement time, we propose RACiR as a valuable tool to measure A/Ci responses in low conductance species.
Analysis of the thickness of 3-dimensional-printed orthodontic aligners.

Introduction This study aimed to investigate the effect of digitally designed aligner thickness on the thickness of the corresponding 3-dimensional (3D)-printed aligner. Methods Digitally designed aligners of 3 different thicknesses (0.500 mm, 0.750 mm, and 1.000 mm) were 3D printed in 2 different resins—Dental LT (n = 10 per group) and Grey V4 (n = 10 per group)—using a stereolithography format 3D printer. The Dental LT aligners were coated with a contrast spray and scanned with an optical scanner. The Grey V4 aligners were scanned before and after the application of the spray. Aligner scans were superimposed onto the corresponding digital design file. Average wall thickness across the aligner for each specimen was measured with metrology software. Results Superimpositions showed that 3D-printed aligners were thicker overall than the corresponding design file. The Dental LT aligners had the largest thickness deviation, whereas the Grey V4 without spray had the smallest. For the 0.500-mm, 0.750-mm, and 1.000-mm groups, Dental LT average thickness deviation from the input file was 0.254 ± 0.061 mm, 0.267 ± 0.052 mm, and 0.274 ± 0.034 mm, respectively, and average thickness differences between the Grey V4 with and without spray was 0.076 ± 0.016 mm, 0.070 ± 0.036 mm, and 0.080 ± 0.017 mm, respectively. These results indicate that the excess thickness in the Dental LT groups could not be attributed to spray alone. Conclusions Fabrication of clear aligners directly by 3D printing with the workflow applied resulted in an increased thickness that may deleteriously affect the clinical utility of the aligners.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Setting of Mandibular Condyle Resorption

Airway obstruction resulting in sleep-disordered breathing may result from resorption of the mandibular condyles. Resorptive or destructive processes may result from osteoarthritis, autoimmune rheumatologic disease, trauma, or may be idiopathic. Management of sleep apnea in these cases will usually involve surgical correction of the acquired skeletal defect. Surgical correction may involve orthognathic surgery, distraction osteogenesis, condylectomy with costochondral grafting, or alloplastic joint reconstruction. In addition, some of these techniques may be used in combination. Details of etiology, examination findings, diagnostic modalities, and treatment are discussed herein.
Dynamically Feasible Task Space Planning for Underactuated Aerial Manipulators

In this work, we address the problem of planning dynamically feasible trajectories for underactuated aerial manipulators to achieve a desired trajectory for the end effector. We consider a quadrotor equipped with an arbitrary n -joint articulated arm. We show that the combined underactuated system is differentially flat, however the flat outputs do not correspond directly to the motion of the end effector. We therefore develop a method which determines the family of flat output trajectories which will exactly produce any desired task trajectory, even in the case of dynamic maneuvers. We also give criteria on the manipulator geometry which will ensure certain important stability properties, informing hardware design. The entire approach is demonstrated in simulation for systems of varying geometry and number of joints. The simultaneous resolution of the kinematic and dynamic constraints allows these tasks to be performed dynamically without sacrificing accuracy.
Factors Associated With Hospitalization by Veterans in Home-Based Primary Care.

Abstract Objectives This study examined the extent to which program site-based and Veteran characteristics were associated with potentially avoidable hospitalizations or other hospitalization of Veterans enrolled in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Home-Based Primary Care (HBPC). Design Retrospective claims-based study. Setting and Participants HBPC programs that responded to a national survey of HBPC programs (n = 189) in fiscal year (FY) 2016 were studied. Veterans in the analysis cohort were identified as having been enrolled in VA-HBPC in FY2016 who had not received care by VA-HBPC within 1 year prior to their first HBPC enrollment in FY2016 (N = 8497). Methods Multinomial logistic regression analysis with 5 outcome categories within the 6 months following the first HBPC enrollment date: (1) any potentially avoidable hospitalizations for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (ACSC) as identified by AHRQ Prevention Quality Indicator (PQI), (2) any other hospitalizations for non-ACSC conditions, (3) died during study period, (4) discharged from HBPC, or (5) remained at home with HBPC. Average marginal effects (AME) of veteran-level and VA-HBPC-level covariates are reported for each of the outcome categories. Results More frail Veterans and Veterans 85 years old or older were more likely to have potentially preventable ACSC hospitalizations (AME = 5.4%, 1.8%, respectively). Veterans who were younger than 75 years, functionally impaired, bed-bound, or frail were more likely to have non-ACSC hospitalization (AME = 3.0%, 2.2%, 3.5%, and 9.0%, respectively). Veterans with low frailty index scores were less likely to have non-ACSC hospitalizations (AME = −17.1%). Six-month hospitalization patterns were not associated with reported HBPC site characteristics. Conclusions and Implications Within the framework of the national VA HBPC program, variations in the structural model used at HBPC sites are not significantly associated with hospitalizations. Tailoring of HBPC care, based on individual patient factors and clinical judgment rather than standard protocols, may be central to the success of HBPC in reducing ACSC hospitalizations.
The Metabolism and Potential Bioactivity of Chlorophyll and Metallo‐chlorophyll Derivatives in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Chlorophyll is the vivid chromophore which imparts the green color to plant leaves, and is consumed by humans through green vegetables. The basic porphyrin structure of chlorophyll binds magnesium in plants, but can bind different divalent metals (e.g., copper, zinc, iron) facilitated by food processing techniques and/or chemical synthesis. This review covers the known elements of chlorophyll and metallo-chlorophyll absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion in vitro and in vivo. The review discusses what is understood about the ability of these novel metallo-chlorophyll derivatives to deliver essential metals. This review also detail chlorophyll and metallo-chlorophyll toxin binding properties which largely occur during digestion, focusing on toxins including dioxins, heterocyclic aromatic amines, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and aflatoxin. Finally, the article highlights the gaps in the understanding of the metabolism and metal and toxin-binding bioactivity of this family of molecules.
Atrocities Prevention & Response: A Good Governance Blueprint

This paper provides a blueprint for the incoming Biden-Harris administration to revitalize the United States’ policies dedicated to atrocities prevention and response and return the United States to a position of leadership on the multilateral plane. After setting forth a brief history of this effort—including the establishment of the Atrocities Prevention Board by President Barack Obama and its transfiguration by President Donald Trump into the Atrocity Early Warning Task Force—the paper identifies a number of concrete proposals for advancing this policy imperative. In particular, it argues that this endeavor must be accompanied by more deliberate upstream prevention work when it comes to promoting the rule of law and justice sector reforms; economic development; resilience to a range of shocks that can trigger violence; and peacebuilding and peacebuilders. Furthermore, atrocities prevention and response cannot be pursued in a vacuum. The atrocities prevention agenda should be better integrated with adjacent rubrics, such as counterterrorism and preventing/countering violent extremism; addressing state fragility; Women, Peace and Security; engaging in conflict prevention; the protection of civilians; and providing humanitarian assistance where needed. This deliberate intersectionality will ensure that the atrocities prevention portfolio is not set apart from other cognate foreign policy priorities, risks are assessed holistically, and bureaucratic silos that may result in implicit competition between different functional priorities and regional structures are dismantled. Likewise, a focus on prevention should be part of the new administration’s promotion of democracy and democratic values worldwide given the link between regime type and atrocities and the evidence that democratic norms offer a key restraint against violence against civilians. Notwithstanding competing priorities posed by the global pandemic and concomitant recession, the need for global leadership in atrocities prevention and response has not receded, as events in Myanmar, South Sudan, Nagorno-Karabakh, China, Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Nigeria, and elsewhere regrettably attest. If anything, the shocks of a global pandemic, the enduring throes of populism and authoritarianism, and relentless climate change will ensure its continuing urgency.