cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-efficacy effects on feeling states in women.

In this study, exercise self-efficacy was manipulated in a laboratory setting and its effects on feeling state responses were examined. A sample consisting largely of Non-Latina White and Latina women (N = 59) were randomly assigned to a low- or high-efficacy condition, and efficacy was manipulated by provision of false feedback and computer data. Feeling state responses were assessed before and after exercise. Efficacy was successfully manipulated, and participants in the high-efficacy condition reported more positive well-being and energy and less psychological distress and fatigue than those in the low-efficacy condition. There wereno significant differences between the two ethnic groups for self-efficacy and feeling state responses. In addition, no clear pattern of relations emerged between efficacy and feeling state responses. The results support structuring exercise treatments in such a way that mastery experiences and positive feedback are maximized to enhance self-efficacy and improve subjective experiences.
The Collective Story: Postmodernism and the Writing of Sociology

(1988). The Collective Story: Postmodernism and the Writing of Sociology. Sociological Focus: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 199-208.
R&D and Economic Growth

The aggregate rate of RD the details of the preference structure do not matter. By contrast, the degree of substitutability or complementarity among goods and the nature of competition (e.g. Cournot or Bertrand) among firms are critical in determining profit flows, and hence are critical in determining the equilibrium rate of R&D. As will be shown below, economies can have different preferences and market interactions, and hence have very different equilibrium rates of R&D, yet all have the same social surplus function, and hence all have the same optimal rate of R&D. On the cost 3ide, properties of the innovation technology are important. The optimal allocation of resources to R&D is governed by the effectiveness of those resources at the social margin, the competitive allocation by their effectiveness at the private margin. These two differ if there is crowding-duplication of effort in trying to exploit a limited stock of ideas. In this case an individual firm's probability of success is its input pro-rated share of the aggregate. Thus, if each innovator is small relative to the aggregate, each perceives a linear tradeoff determined by the average effectiveness of resources. With crowding, the aggregate probability of success is a strictly concave function of the aggregate resources
Coherent Dynamics in Complex Elimination Reactions: Experimental and Theoretical Femtochemistry of 1,3-Dibromopropane and Related Systems

Dynamics of the elimination reaction of 1,3-dibromopropane is studied here using femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry. It is shown that the complex reaction involving 27 internal degrees of freedom, which is initiated at a total energy of 186 kcal mol^(-1) (corresponding to a n → 5p Rydberg transition), can be described in a reduced space of two coordinates. The first coordinate is the coherent torsional motion involving the two C−Br bonds. The period was observed to be 680 fs. The second coordinate is the C−Br bond-breaking coordinate. The cleavage occurs in 2.5 ps and yields the 3-bromopropyl radical, which subsequently reacts (cleavage of the second C−Br bond and ring closure) to give cyclopropane in 7.5 ps. The reaction channels were identified with the aid of density functional theory calculations. Analyses of orbital populations, energies, and ionization potentials for the different conformations are entirely consistent with the observation of the oscillatory coherent motion and the phase shifts that are observed between certain transients. The interactions of the lone-pairs of the two bromine atoms are shown to be the key for changing the ionization characteristics along the torsional coordinate and thereby enabling the selective probing of vibrational coherence.
Fluoxetine- and norfluoxetine-mediated complex drug-drug interactions: in vitro to in vivo correlation of effects on CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4.

Fluoxetine and its circulating metabolite norfluoxetine comprise a complex multiple-inhibitor system that causes reversible or time-dependent inhibition of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family members CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19 in vitro. Although significant inhibition of all three enzymes in vivo was predicted, the areas under the concentration–time curve (AUCs) for midazolam and lovastatin were unaffected by 2-week dosing of fluoxetine, whereas the AUCs of dextromethorphan and omeprazole were increased by 27- and 7.1-fold, respectively. This observed discrepancy between in vitro risk assessment and in vivo drug–drug interaction (DDI) profile was rationalized by time-varying dynamic pharmacokinetic models that incorporated circulating concentrations of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers, mutual inhibitor–inhibitor interactions, and CYP3A4 induction. The dynamic models predicted all DDIs with less than twofold error. This study demonstrates that complex DDIs that involve multiple mechanisms, pathways, and inhibitors with their metabolites can be predicted and rationalized via characterization of all the inhibitory species in vitro. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2014); 95 6, 653–662. doi:10.1038/clpt.2014.50
Driving of slow oscillations in the human somatosensory system

Abstract Potentials evoked by brief electrical pulses applied to the median nerve, were recorded from the frontal, central and vertex regions of human subjects. Averaging and spectral analysis showed that the responses contained time-locked components ranging in frequency from 0.75 to 4 c/sec and extending over periods as long as 3500 msec after the stimulus. There was no significant difference between evoked potentials induced by stimuli which were accompanied by a twitch in the muscles innervated by the median nerve and evoked potentials induced by stimuli which caused no muscular response. Stimulation by pulses separated by random intervals caused an increase in the amplitude of the late components over a broad frequency spectrum while periodic stimulation caused an increase in amplitude in much narrower ranges. When the frequency of stimulation was progressively increased from 0.25 to 5 pulses/sec it was found that the late oscillations could be “driven” at specific frequencies which caused an increase in the amplitudes of specific frequency components, harmonically related to each other and to the frequency of the stimulus. In a few instances in which a series of 125 individual evoked potentials was studied, it was found that the average computed from the last 50 potentials contained late components of considerably lower amplitudes than the average computed from the first 50 potentials. The administration of barbiturates caused a selective decrease in the amplitude of the late components and a redistribution of energy in the frequency spectrum. The essential characteristics of these late components: their wide distribution over the frontal, central and vertex regions, their occurrence over long periods after the stimulus, the decrease in their amplitude with repeated stimulation, indicating the possibility of “habituation”, and their enhancement at specific frequencies of stimulation, suggest that they may be related to the activities of the nonspecific systems of the brain.
Solution of coupled vertex and propagator Dyson-Schwinger equations in the scalar Munczek-Nemirovsky model

In a scalar ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{2}\ensuremath{\chi}$ model, we exactly solve the vertex and $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ propagator Dyson-Schwinger equations under the assumption of a spatially constant (Munczek-Nemirovsky) propagator for the $\ensuremath{\chi}$ field. Various truncation schemes are also considered.
Laban Movement Analysis: A Key to Individualizing Children's Dance

(1995). Laban Movement Analysis: A Key to Individualizing Children's Dance. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 31-33.
Anionic modulation of the catalytic activity of hydrogenase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Abstract Hydrogen production by cell-free extracts of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is stimulated by anions when methyl viologen, reduced by dithionite, is used as the electron donor to hydrogenase. The increasing effectiveness of various anions closely follows their position in the Hofmeister chaotropic sequence. The most stimulatory anion tested, I − , gives a six-fold increase in activity at a concentration of 0.5 n . The K m of the enzyme for methyl viologen is not affected by anions, while the V is greatly increased. H 2 oxidation coupled to methyl viologen reduction is also greatly stimulated by anions. However, when reduced ferredoxin is used as the electron donor to hydrogenase, there is a very strong inhibition of H 2 production by salts. In this case, the V of the enzyme is unaffected, but there is a large increase in the K m of the enzyme for ferredoxin. The most inhibitory salt tested, KI, decreases hydrogenase activity by 93% at a concentration of 0.2 n .
Employee perceptions of quality: survey results

Explores the perceptions of different dimensions of quality which employees at different levels in the organization have, and investigates how these perceptions can be aligned to increase firms’ competitive position. Uses a factor analytic approach. “Communication”, “managerial involvement”, “process improvement”, “reward and recognition” and “responsiveness to both external and internal customers’ demands” are found to be significant among the quality attributes. Indicates that considerable differences exist among the employees with regard to the question of what constitutes “quality”. Also, education and teams are found to be effective in aligning these differences.
Open charm hadron production in p + p, Au+Au and U+U collisions at STAR

Abstract Heavy-flavor quarks are dominantly produced from initial hard partonic scattering processes in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Their interaction with QCD medium is sensitive to the medium properties. Thus heavy-flavor quarks are suggested as an excellent probe to study the properties of the hot and dense nuclear matter created at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In these proceedings, we report the first results of open charm meson production in U+U collisions at s NN = 193 GeV with the STAR experiment. We also present the latest results in p + p collisions at s = 200 GeV and 500 GeV, and those in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV . In these measurements, D 0 and D ⁎ + mesons are reconstructed through hadronic decay channels. For both U+U and Au+Au collisions, D 0 meson invariant yields are determined from minbias and 0–10% central-triggered events for the p T range from 0 to 6 GeV/ c . For p + p collisions, events with high E T triggers are used to extend the p T range of the measured cross section up to 10 GeV/ c at s = 200 GeV and to about 20 GeV/ c at s = 500 GeV , respectively. Nuclear modification factors ( R AA ) of D 0 mesons are extracted from these results and are compared to various theoretical model calculations.
A note on formulations for the A -partition problem on hypergraphs

Let H = (V, E) be an undirected hypergraph and A⊆C. We consider the problem of finding a minimum cost partition of V that separates every pair of nodes in A. We consider three formulations of the problem and show that the theoretical lower bounds to the integer optimal objective value provided by the LP-relaxations in all three cases are identical. We describe our empiical findings with each formulation.
Aortoesophageal fistula due to a foreign body

1. Slavensky EJ. Developmental anomalies of the duodenal loop: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical features. Copenhagen: Munksgaard,1969. 2. Gilinsky NH, Del Favero G, Cotton PB, Lees WR. Congenital short pancreas: a report of two cases. Gut 1985;26:304-10. 3. Lehman GA, O'Connor KW. Coexistence of annular pancreas and pancreas divisum-ERCP diagnosis. Gastrointest Endosc 1985;31:25-8. 4. Anderson JH. Abnormalities of the duodenum. Br J Surg 192223;10:316-21. 5. Feldman M, Morrison TH. Inverted duodenum: its clinical
Time-dependent effects of dim light at night on re-entrainment and masking of hamster activity rhythms.

Bright light has been established as the most ubiquitous environmental cue that entrains circadian timing systems under natural conditions. Light equivalent in intensity to moonlight (<1 lux), however, also strongly modulates circadian function in a number of entrainment paradigms. For example, compared to completely dark nights, dim nighttime illumination accelerated re-entrainment of hamster activity rhythms to 4-hour phase advances and delays of an otherwise standard laboratory photocycle. The purpose of this study was to determine if a sensitive period existed in the night during which dim illumination had a robust influence on speed of re-entrainment. Male Siberian hamsters were either exposed to dim light throughout the night, for half of the night, or not at all. Compared to dark nights, dim illumination throughout the entire night decreased by 29% the time for the midpoint of the active phase to re-entrain to a 4-hour phase advance and by 26% for a 4-hour delay. Acceleration of advances and delays...
On the approximate daytime constancy of the absorption of radio waves in the lower ionosphere

Abstract By day, the absorption of very long radio waves is nearly constant, and decidedly greater than at night; it originates in the lower ionosphere. It is here explained as due to electrons generated mainly by photodetachment from negative ions, supposed to be much greater in number, and nearly constant by day and night. The optical depth of the level concerned must be small for the photodetaching radiation, but large for the radiations able to ionize neutral particles.
Ultrastructure of synapses in a primitive coelenterate.

Synapses structurally similar to those in higher animals were found at interneural, neuronematocyte, and neuromuscular junctions in a primitive coelenterate, the hydromedusan Gonionemus vertans. The synaptic vesicles contained dense cores suggesting that the neurotransmitter substance is a catecholamine. The ultrastructural demonstration of morphologically polarized synapses in the Cnidaria, a phylum possessing the lowest level of tissue organization, provides a basis for functional and evolutionary correlations previously postulated only on the basis of physiology and specialized light microscopy. A neuroneuronematocyte sequence of synaptic junctions suggests a pathway for chemical transmission of excitation which may possibly influence the control of nematocyst discharge. A synaptic neuromuscular junction suggests a chemical transmission of excitation between axon and muscle in coelenterates.
Interface interactions in modulated phases, and upsilon points

Certain features in Frenkel-Kontorova and other models of phases with a one-dimensional modulation can be analyzed by assuming parallel interfaces separating sets of lattice planes belonging to two different phases, and treating the free energy σ to create interfaces, as well as the interaction of two, three, or more interfaces, as phenomenological parameters. A strategy employed by Fisher and Szpilka for interacting defects can be extended to the case of interfaces, allowing a systematic study of the phase diagram by ignoring all interface interactions, and then successively taking into account pair, triple, and higher-order terms. The possible phase diagrams which can occur near the point where σ=0 include: various sorts of endpoints analogous to critical endpoints, an accumulation point of first-order transitions and triple points, and a self-similar structure which we call an upsilon point, which turns out to be an accumulation point of an infinite number of segments of first-order transition lines, each of which terminates in two upsilon points.
Effect of Fiber‐Content Information on Perception of Fabric Characteristics

The purpose of this study was, first, to investigate whether listing a small amount of a natural fiber altered perceptions of a fabric made primarily of a synthetic fiber; second, to investigate whether listing a small amount of a natural fiber increased the likelihood of purchasing a garment made of primarily synthetic fiber content; third, to investigate whether the presence or absence of a fabric swatch interacted with fiber-content information to alter perceptions of a fabric; and fourth, to investigate the perceived importance of fiber-content information to subjects in their selection of clothing. Two hundred and twenty-two undergraduates served as subjects (212 females and 10 males). The study used a 2 × 4 between-subjects factorial design with two levels of fabric (fabric/no fabric) and four levels of fiber content (100% silk; 90% polyester/10% silk; 95% polyester/5% silk; and 100% polyester). In large-group settings, subjects recorded their perceptions on an 18-item scale using a 7-point Likert format. Analysis of variance revealed that subjects' perceptions of a fabric were influenced significantly by the fiber-content information, but not by the presence or absence of a fabric swatch. Results suggest that adding a small percentage of a natural fiber to a synthetic is an effective way to alter perceptions of a synthetic fabric.
TH-C-BRB-12: The Magnitude of H&N IMRT Dose Delivery Errors from Three Possible Failure Modes: Beam Quality, Symmetry, and MLC Position

Purpose: Investigate the error in IMRT dose delivery from changes in beam quality, symmetry, and MLC positional errors. Methods: A complex (3533 MU, 216 segments, 0.181 modulation complexity score) H&N IMRT plan was delivered to the RPC's IMRT H&N phantom on a Varian Clinac 2100CD. The plan was delivered as a baseline and then again after adjusting the in‐plane and cross‐plane symmetry by 5% and 3%, respectively. The beam was adjusted back to baseline performance and the beam quality was hardened by nearly 2% (%dd) by altering the bending magnet current. The beam was then readjusted to baseline and the plan was delivered with MLC offsets of +1 mm and +3 mm. Radiochromic film and TLD within the phantom were used to analyze the 2D dose distributions and absolute doses. Results: Relative to the baseline delivery, differences in absolute dose delivery of up to 0.6% and 3.2% were observed with changes in in‐plane and cross‐plane symmetry, respectively. The beam symmetry changes gamma analyses (±7%/4mm) resulted in a 0.4–11% change in the percent of pixels passing. The small change in beam quality resulted in a 6% average absolute dose and 24% pixel pass rate difference. MLC offsets of 1 mm and 3mm resulted in average absolute dose differences of 12% and 32%, respectively, and a gamma analyses 21% and 33% change in pixel pass rate for each offset, respectively. Conclusions: Accurate IMRT dose delivery is a long, complicated chain of events, each of which might contribute to dose delivery errors. Performing a risk‐based FMEA analysis (presented by TG‐100) to establish a QA program for IMRT requires knowledge of the error magnitude in dose delivery from key failure modes. Beam quality and MLC offsets resulted in the largest dose delivery errors. Additional failure modes are being investigated. Work supported by grants CA10953 and CA81647 (NCI, DHHS).
Brain serotonin depletion and nipple attachment in rat pups.

Abstract DHT (104 μg) was injected into the third brain ventricle of three-day-old rat pups 1 hr after desmethylimipramine pretreatment (20 mg/kg IP). Whole-brain serotonin was depleted by 50%, and there was some retardation of weight gain. Nipple attachment was observed in sucklings and in weaned pups. When 9 days old, attachment in 5-HT depleted pups was delayed and they were less active when undeprived, but not when 8 hr deprived. In comparison with pups raised in litters of 6 or 14, which served to control for reduced body weight, depleted pups' behavior was more similar to the heavier pups, suggesting that the behavioral differences were not due to retarded growth. After weaning at 21 days, depleted pups attached more up to 37 days of age, after which attachment was not reinstated by treatment with methysergide, suggesting that the waning of depletion induced attachment was not due to recovery of serotonergic function. Again, body weight controls showed that the effects were not due to retarded weight gain in the depleted pups. The results confirm the biphasic action of 5-HT antagonism on attachment, i.e., inhibition in the neonate and disinhibition in the weanling. The findings also show that central 5-HT systems are involved in the inhibition of attachment during weaning, but that this involvement is transient, and apparently not crucial.
FE MODELING OF EXPANSIVE OXIDE INDUCED FRACTURE OF REBAR REINFORCED CONCRETE

Abstract This paper develops a finite element based simulation strategy which can model the time dependent expansive oxide induced fracturing of corroding rebar reinforced concrete. The oxide growth history is modeled by empirical relations which can be correlated to represent the expansive process for a given in situ condition. Due to the generality of the procedure developed, problems with multiple long progressively growing cracks can be handled in an entirely automated manner. To ascertain crack tip physics, moving templates are attached to each crack. These individually move with the cracks as they progress under a given expansive oxide growth history. To quantify the procedure several benchmark example problems are presented.
Regulator-Gating Methodology with Distributed Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters

One of the primary challenges with fully integratedvoltage regulation is to maintain a high power efficiency overa wide output current range. A multiphase distributed switchedcapacitor (SC) converter with a new control method that adaptivelyturns on and off certain interleaved stages is proposed. By controlling the number of active interleaved stages basedon the load current, the proposed system achieves a higherpower efficiency for lower output currents, forcing active stagesto operate at highest possible power efficiency. By distributingthe interleaved stages, lower IR and Ldi/dt drop is achieved.
Transposition with auditory stimuli following successive discrimination training

An investigation was performed to examine whether responding to auditory stimuli would be to relative, or to absolute properties of stimuli. The design was a replication of previous research, with additional control of a possible stimulus intensity effect. Rats were trained to respond to one of two tones differing in intensity, and later tested to determine whether transposition occurred. Transposition was reliable (p <.05) for each subject, both when the correct transpositional stimulus was the more intense and when it was the less intense of two stimuli.
Transaction processing in mobile computing environment

Distributed systems are expected to support mobile computations executed over a computer network of fixed and mobile hosts. The authors examine the requirements for structuring such mobile computations that access shared data in a database, argue that open-nesting can better facilitate these requirements, and propose an Open-Nested Transaction model in a mobile environment using the notion of Reporting Transactions and Co-Transactions.
Divergent succession and implications for alternative states on rocky intertidal shores

It has been hypothesized that rockweed stands and mussel beds in sheltered bays in the Gulf of Maine, USA, are alternative community states. As a test of this hypothesis, experimental clearings of different sizes were established in stands of the rockweed Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis to determine if successional changes in large clearings developed species assemblages distinctly different from the surrounding A. nodosum stands. Clearings ranging from 1 to 8 m in diameter were created at 12 sites in 4 bays on Swan’s Island, Maine, in 1996 to mimic the effects of ice scour, and abundances of gastropods, barnacles, mussels and fucoid algae were monitored until 2002. ANOVAs and MDS showed strong effects of clearing size and divergent successional changes in large clearings. Large clearings were quickly filled in and remained dominated by the alga Fucus vesiculosus L. and the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides (L). There was no evidence for site-specific effects, and Mantel tests showed clearing size was a better predictor of species composition than geographic distances among sites. Results suggest that large pulse disturbances using clearings of 8 m in diameter can initiate divergent successional pathways and have a protracted effect on species composition. Results are also consistent with the hypothesis that mussel beds and rockweed stands in sheltered bays may be alternative community states. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Global comparative transcriptome analysis identifies gene network regulating secondary xylem development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Our knowledge of the genetic control of wood formation (i.e., secondary growth) is limited. Here, we present a novel approach to unraveling the gene network regulating secondary xylem development in Arabidopsis, which incorporates complementary plat- forms of comparative-transcriptome analyses such as "digital northern" and "digital in situ" analysis. This approach eVectively eliminated any genes that are expressed in either non-stem tissues/organs ("digital northern") or phloem and non-vascular regions ("digital in situ"), thereby identifying 52 genes that are upregu- lated only in the xylem cells of secondary growth tissues as "core xylem gene set". The proteins encoded by this gene set participate in signal transduction, transcrip- tional regulation, cell wall metabolism, and unknown functions. Five of the seven signal transduction-related genes represented in the core xylem gene set encode the essential components of ROP (Rho-related GTPase from plants) signaling cascade. Furthermore, the analysis of promoter sequences of the core xylem gene set identi- Wed a novel cis-regulatory element, ACAAAGAA. The functional signiWcances of this gene set were veriWed by several independent experimental and bioinformatics methods.
Paper Test Cards for Presumptive Testing of Very Low Quality Antimalarial Medications

Carrying out chemical analysis of antimalarials to detect low-quality medications before they reach a patient is a costly venture. Here, we show that a library of chemical color tests embedded on a paper card can presumptively identify formulations corresponding to very low quality antimalarial drugs. The presence or absence of chloroquine (CQ), doxycycline (DOX), quinine, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine, and primaquine antimalarial medications, in addition to fillers used in low-quality pharmaceuticals, are indicated by patterns of colors that are generated on the test cards. Test card sensitivity for detection of these pure components ranges from 90% to 100% with no false positives in the absence of pharmaceutical. The color intensities from reactions characteristic of CQ or DOX allowed visual detection of formulations of these medications cut with 60% or 100% filler, although samples cut with 30% filler could not be reliably detected colorimetrically. However, the addition of unexpected fillers, even in 30% quantities, or substitute pharmaceuticals, could sometimes be detected by other color reactions on the test cards. Tests are simple and inexpensive enough to be carried out in clinics, pharmacies, and ports of entry and could provide a screening method to presumptively indicate very low quality medicines throughout the supply chain.
Taxonomic Status of Berntsenus brachycephalus (Nematoda: Aphelenchina)

Berntsenus brachycephalus is redescribed from original material collected by Thorne in Utah, and hololectotype and paralectotypes are designated. This species is characterized by an expanded lip region, offset head, heavily sclerotized stylet conus, and two rows of oogonia and spermatogonia. The hololectotype male is 720 µm long, and paralectotype males are 864 to 952 µm long. Paralectotype females are 840 µm long. Tails of both sexes are amucronate.
Towards social robots: automatic evaluation of human-robot interaction by face detection and expression classification

Computer animated agents and robots bring a social dimension to human computer interaction and force us to think in new ways about how computers could be used in daily life. Face to face communication is a real-time process operating at a time scale of less than a second. In this paper we present progress on a perceptual primitive to automatically detect frontal faces in the video stream and code them with respect to 7 dimensions in real time: neutral, anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise. The face finder employs a cascade of feature detectors trained with boosting techniques [13, 2]. The expression recognizer employs a novel combination of Adaboost and SVM's. The generalization performance to new subjects for a 7-way forced choice was 93.3% and 97% correct on two publicly available datasets. The outputs of the classifier change smoothly as a function of time, providing a potentially valuable representation to code facial expression dynamics in a fully automatic and unobtrusive manner. The system was deployed and evaluated for measuring spontaneous facial expressions in the field in an application for automatic assessment of human-robot interaction.
The benefits and burdens of network diversity: Political engagement on social networking sites

Previous research suggests that network diversity is associated with higher levels of political engagement due to enhanced political interest. However, network diversity may also constrain political engagement because politically heterogeneous networks are comprised of others with disparate attitudes and beliefs, which may inhibit communication about politics. The results from an online survey ( N = 255) suggest that network diversity affords both benefits and burdens to users in terms of online political engagement. Specifically, political diversity is positively associated with political interest, and political interest predicts political engagement on SNSs. However, political diversity in online networks is also associated with increased self-censoring behaviors. Further, relational diversity has a negative relationship with self-censoring, and this relationship is most pronounced for people with stronger self-disclosure tendencies.
Chemokines on the Rise MCP-1 and Restenosis

Mechanisms underlying restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are important to elucidate, as evidenced by the recent success of monoclonal antibodies to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in preventing restenosis.1 2 In this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , a report by Cipollone et al3 describes the association of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (JE/MCP-1) with restenosis after coronary angioplasty. As discussed below, in view of the biological properties of JE/MCP-1, increased blood levels of this chemokine are likely to represent far more than a simple marker of local vascular disease; rather, we speculate that enhanced expression of JE/MCP-1 provides a window into the pathogenesis of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) and mononuclear phagocyte (MP) activation, which underlies restenosis. Chemokines are a large group of low-molecular-weight polypeptides (8 to 16 kDa) originally recognized for their ability to mediate migration of leukocyte populations toward foci of immune/inflammatory stimuli.4 5 This includes facilitation of leukocyte-endothelial interaction and cell migration itself.6 JE/MCP-1, the prototypical C-C chemokine, is associated with chronic vascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis,7 8 9 10 11 12 unstable angina,13 and congestive heart failure,14 as well as inflammatory states.4 5 15 16 17 18 19 This chemokine exerts its effects on MPs, T-cell helper cells/memory T cells,20 21 natural killer cells,22 23 and basophils, in large part via the receptor CCR2, although other receptors capable of interacting with JE/MCP-1 have been identified.4 5 24 The most potent chemotactic activity of this chemokine appears to be toward MPs. Activation of MPs mediated by JE/MCP-1 involves at least 2 phases: …
Ion microbeam probing of sense amplifiers to analyze single event upsets in a CMOS DRAM

An ion microbeam radiation system has been used to probe the relative contribution of individual circuits and nodes of a CMOS DRAM to single event upsets (SEUs). This instrument, which uses monoenergetic collimated ions from a 3-MV tandem accelerator, can produce an ion beam with a diameter as small as 1 mu m. The precise alignment capability of the system allows positioning of the beam to any location in the circuit with an accuracy of better than 1 mu m. The monoenergetic beam with the device under vacuum simplifies the analysis of the experimental results. The results show that alpha-particle hits on sensitive nodes within the sense amplifiers dominate the SEU rate. This domination is due to the presence in the sense amplifiers of n-channel devices which can collect charge from the entire ion track. In contrast, the memory cells and bit lines contain only p/sup +/ nodes in an n-well, which shields them from charge generated in the substrate. >
Learning to sing like a bird: self-supervised acquisition of birdsong

This paper presents a new framework for self-supervised sensorimotor learning. We demonstrate this framework with a system that learns to mimic a zebra finch, directly modeled on the dynamics of how male fledglings acquire birdsong from their fathers. Our system first listens to the song of an adult finch. By listening to its own initially nascent attempts at mimicry through an articulatory synthesizer, the system organizes motor maps generating its vocalizations. Our approach is founded on the notion of cross-modal clustering, introduced in (Coen 2005, 2006a), and is unusual for its recursive reuse of perceptual mechanisms in developing motor control. In this paper, we outline this framework, present its results on the unsupervised acquisition of birdsong, and discuss other potential applications.
Effect of surface oxide on the melting behavior of lead-free solder nanowires and nanorods

a b s t r a c t Lead-free nanosolders have shown promise in nanowire and nanoelectronics assembly. Among various important parameters, melting is the most fundamental property affecting the assembly process. Here we report that the melting behavior of tin and tin/silver nanowires and nanorods can be significantly affected by the surface oxide of nanosolders. By controlling the nanosolder reflow atmosphere using a flux, the surface oxide of the nanowires/nanorods can be effectively removed and complete nanosolder melting can be achieved. The complete melting of the nanosolders leads to the formation of nanoscale to microscale spherical solder balls, followed by Ostwald ripening phenomenon. The contact angle of the microscale solder balls formed on Si substrate was measured by direct electron microscopic imaging. These results provide new insights into micro- and nanoscale phase transition and liquid droplet coales- cence from nanowires/nanorods to spheroids, and are relevant to nanoscale assembly and smaller ball grid array formation.
Worst-Case Analysis of the X-38 Crew Return Vehicle Flight Control System

A linear fractional transformation (LFT) model of the linearized equation of the lateral-directional axes of the X-38 crew return vehicle is developed to facilitate the analysis of e ight control systems. The LFT model represents uncertainty in nine aerodynamic stability derivatives at a given e ight condition with frequency-domain performance specie cations. The X-38 LFT model combined with a controller at specie c e ight conditions is used to determine the aerodynamic coefe cients that result in the worst-case performance and gain/phase margin of the closed-loop system. The objective is to verify that a given controller remains stable and achieves desired performance objectives for all predee ned aerodynamic variations at select operating conditions along its e ight trajectory.
METABOLIC REGULATION OF AMMONIUM UPTAKE BY ULVA RIGIDA (CHLOROPHYTA): A COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE RATE-LIMITING STEP FOR UPTAKE

Non-linear time courses of ammonium (NH4+) depletion from the medium and internal accumulation of soluble nitrogen (N) in macroalgae imply that the rate-limiting step for ammonium uptake changes over time. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the time course of N accumulation in N-limited Ulva rigida C. Agardh. Total uptake was measured as removal of NH4+ from medium. Rates for the component processes (transport of NH4+ across the membrane = Rv assimilation of tissure NH4+ into soluble N compounds = Ra, assimilation of tissue NH4+ into soluble N compounds = Ra and incorporation of soluble N compounds into macromolecules = R1) were determined by measuring the rate of labelling of the major tissue N pools after the addition of 15N-ammonium. The results indicate that nitrogen-specific rates (mass N taken up / mass N present / unit time) are ranked in the order of Rt < Ra < R1 Absolute uptake rates (μmol N. mg dry wt−1. h−1) showed a different relationship. Membrane transport appears to be inhibited when NH4+ accumulates in the tissue. Maximum uptake rates occur when assimilation of NH4+ into soluble N compounds begins. Assimilation of NH4+ into soluble N compounds was initially faster than incorporation of soluble N compounds into macromolecules. Implications of rate limitations caused by differences in maximal rates and maximal pool sizes are discussed.
Factor selection for delay analysis using Knowledge Discovery in Databases

Today's construction project has become a very complex, high-risk, multiparty endeavor. Construction projects are composed of many interrelated elements of labor, cost, material, schedule, and other resources, making it difficult to discern which factors were the main causes for delay on a given project. Were all relevant factors to be considered, it would become an overwhelming task. On the other hand, it would be very difficult to know on which factors to focus if only a limited number of factors were to be considered. This paper presents a methodology for factor selection; identifying which factors in an on-going construction project contribute most to the experienced delays. Factor selection is defined as the process of finding relevant factors among a large set of original attributes with the objective of best representing the original dataset and utilizes Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD), which is a data analysis process to discover useful knowledge in a large database. A specific construction project has been analyzed to identify main factors of construction delays through the process of statistical measurements and machine learning algorithms.
Trends in Newspaper Reading: Comic Strips, 1949–54

Six years of readership research in Minneapolis since the advent of TV reveal that reading of comics in the morning paper has remained relatively stable, while in the afternoon it has declined slig...
Lead Design for Safer Lead Extraction

38. Parkash R, Exner D, Champagne J, et al. Failure rate of the Riata lead under advisory: a report from the CHRS Device Committee. Heart Rhythm 2013;10: 692–5. 39. Larsen JM, Riahi S, Nielsen JC, et al. Nationwide fluoroscopic screening of recalled Riata defibrillator leads in Denmark. Heart Rhythm 2013;10(6):821–7. 40. Parvathaneni SV, Ellis CR, Rottman JN. High prevalence of insulation failure with externalized cables in St. Jude Medical Riata family ICD leads: fluoro- scopic grading scale and correlation to extracted leads. Heart Rhythm 2012;9:1218–24. 41. Maytin M, Love CJ, Bongiorni MG, et al. Multicenter experience with extraction of the Riata/Riata ST ICD lead. Heart Rhythm 2013;10:1.
Relative stability and significance of dawsonite and aluminum minerals in geologic carbon sequestration

[1] Computer simulations predict dawsonite, NaAlCO3(OH)2, will provide long-term mineral sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 whereas dawsonite rarely occurs in nature or in laboratory experiments that emulate a carbon repository. Resolving this discrepancy is important to determining the significance of dawsonite mineralization to the long-term security of geologic carbon sequestration. This study is an equilibrium-based experimental and modeling evaluation of underlying causes for inconsistencies between predicted and observed dawsonite stability. Using established hydrothermal methods, 0.05 molal NaHCO3 aqueous solution and synthetic dawsonite were reacted for 18.7 days (449.2 hours) at 50°C, 20 MPa. Temperature was increased to 75°C and the experiment continued for an additional 12.3 days (295.1 hours). Incongruent dissolution yielded a dawsonite-gibbsite-nordstrandite assemblage. Geochemical simulations using Geochemist's Workbench and the resident database thermo.com.V8.R6+ incorrectly predicted a dawsonite-diaspore assemblage and underestimated dissolved aluminum by roughly 100 times. Higher aqueous aluminum concentrations in the experiment suggest that dawsonite or diaspore is less stable than predicted. Simulations employing an alternate database, thermo.dat, correctly predict dawsonite and dawsonite-gibbsite assemblages at 50 and 75°C, respectively, although dissolved aluminum concentrations are still two to three times lower than experimentally measured values. Correctly reproducing dawsonite solubility in standard geochemical simulations requires an as yet undeveloped internally consistent thermodynamic database among dawsonite, gibbsite, boehmite, diaspore, aqueous aluminum complexes and other Al-phases such as albite and kaolinite. These discrepancies question the ability of performance assessment models to correctly predict dawsonite mineralization in a sequestration site.
Efficacy of HIV Prevention Interventions in Latin American and Caribbean Nations, 1995–2008: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis synthesized 37 HIV prevention interventions (from 28 studies) that were evaluated in Latin American and Caribbean nations. These studies were obtained through systematic searches of English, Spanish, and Portuguese-language databases available as of January 2009. Overall, interventions significantly increased knowledge (d = 0.40) and condom use (d = 0.25) but the effects varied widely. Interventions produced more condom use when they focused on high-risk individuals, distributed condoms, and explicitly addressed social-cultural components. The best-fitting models utilized factors related to geography, especially indices of a nations’ human development index (HDI) and income inequality (i.e., Gini index). Interventions that provided at least 3 h of content succeeded better when HDI and income inequality were lower, suggesting that intensive HIV prevention activities succeed best where the need is greatest. Implications for HIV intervention development in Latin America and the Caribbean are discussed.
Do Institutional Investors Influence R&D Investment Policy in Firms with High Information Asymmetry?

This paper seeks to determine if institutional investors influence corporate research and development (R&D) investment policies by encouraging R&D investment in firms with high information asymmetry. The effect of changes in institutional investor levels to subsequent changes in R&D investment levels are examined using firm and year fixed effect regressions and difference-GMM regressions. Increased institutional ownership leads to increased R&D investment and this relationship is stronger in firms with higher information asymmetry. Institutional investors encourage higher R&D investment primarily in firms with high information asymmetry indicating they have an advantage in discerning the value of R&D investments in such firms. Institutions are an important and increasing force in U.S. stock ownership. The results in this paper indicate that institutional investors have an advantage in discerning the value of R&D investments in firms with high information asymmetry. The presence of institutional investors encourages the management of such firms to make long-term investments in R&D.
Historical Views of Invariance: Evidence from the Measurement Theories of Thorndike, Thurstone, and Rasch.

The purpose of this study is to provide a historical perspective on the concept of invariance within measurement theory. Two major classes of invariant measurement are described—sample-invariant item calibration and item-invariant measurement of individuals. The work of Stevens is used to help clarify the concept of invariance. The importance of invariance as a key measurement concept is then illustrated with the measurement theories of Thorndike, Thurstone, and Rasch. A case is made for viewing invariance as a fundamental aspect of measurement in the behavioral sciences; invariance appears to be essential in order to realize the advantages of objective measurement.
Syngeneic consecutive rat spleen transplantation bearing infantile testis.

Seventy-seven Lewis adult rats received autologous testicular implants in the spleen. These spleens were retransplanted in a consecutive transplant fashion as we described earlier. Some were observed as long as 26 to 27 months. Although earlier splenic-testicular transplants showed benign granulosa cell tumors, some of the long-term follow-ups showed a seminoma-like transformation. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:166–169 2001
Best Practices in Student Development for Campus Recreation Professionals

Student employees play a vital role in the leadership and delivery of campus recreation programs. Therefore, campus recreation professionals have a unique opportunity to contribute to their development. The purpose of this study was to identify best practices for effective student development in campus recreation programs affiliated with the National Intramural Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA). Data were collected using the Delphi technique via a web-based survey. A panel of experts including five of the 2009 Regional Vice Presidents of the NIRSA organization, as well as five campus recreation professionals from each region chosen by the Regional Vice Presidents was asked to participate. Panel members advocated five general best practices and 21 specific best practices. The five general best practices were leadership opportunities, performance assessment, training and orientation, personal relationships, and professional development. The results provide a framework that campus recreation profession...