cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in starch-bound lysophospholipids and lysophospholipase in germinating glacier and Hi amylose glacier barley varieties

Abstract Total starch, amylose content and amylose-included lipid phosphorus and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) were measured in normal Glacier (G) and Hi Amylose Glacier (HA) barley varieties during germination. From days three to six, alkaline and acidic lysophospholipase (LPL) activities in the starchy endosperm were measured and the distribution of these activities between a soluble and particulate form determined. During germination the amylose content of the starches increases as the total starch levels decline. The starch-bound LPC and lipid phosphorus disappear at the same rate between days three and six in both barley varieties, indicating no discrimination among the different lipid-included amylose population for degradation. However, both lipid phosphorus and LPC disappear more rapidly in the G than in the HA variety. This is presumably due to the slightly larger content of LPC per mg amylose of the G than of the HA variety, equivalent to 134 and 150 anhydroglucose residues per lipid molecule in G and HA, respectively. There is no increase in starch-bound lipid phosphorus or LPC expressed as nmol of phosphorus or LPC per mg amylose as amylose content declines, indicating no selective resistance of lipid-included amylose to degradation. The alkaline and acidic LPC activities in each variety increase 2–4-fold between days four and five. In both varieties ca 30% of the acidic LPL and ca 50–60% of the alkaline LPL is particulate from days three to six. No correlation can be made between the content of amylose or amylose-included lipid and particulate LPL activity. However, the possibility that particulate LPL activity is associated with specific populations of residual amylose-included lipid molecules cannot be excluded.
Preliminary results of phase I/II study of high-dose-rate intraoperative radiation therapy for pediatric tumors

Ten children with locally advanced or recurrent tumors were treated on a Phase I/II study to assess the feasibility and toxicity of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for primary and recurrent pediatric solid malignancies at high risk for local recurrence. Eligible patients include all primary and recurrent pediatric solid tumors that are amenable to resection and have residual microscopic or gross disease after surgery. In all cases, after a gross tumor resection was performed, a flexible, transparent, multichannel applicator was placed and secured within the tumor bed. Once the position of the applicator was optimized, the applicator catheters were attached to the cables of a high-dose-rate remote afterloader, and 1,200 cGy prescribed to 0.5–1.0 cm from the applicator was delivered to the tumor bed via the remote afterloader. One patient with a malignant teratoma developed a peri-rectal abscess 1 month after treatment; no other complications were noted. The 2-year actuarial local recurrence-free and distant metastases-free survival were 80% and 59%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 12 months (range: 3–18 months). The preliminary results suggest that high-dose-rate IORT is a safe and feasible modality for pediatric tumors at high risk for local recurrence. Longer follow-up will be needed to assess fully the toxicity and efficacy of this approach. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Monomer Reactivity Ratios for the Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with Pure Meta- and Pure Para-Divinylbenzene

Abstract The monomer reactivity ratios for methyl methacrylate (MMA) with pure meta-divinylbenzene (m-DVB) and with pure para-divinylbenzene (p-DVB), determined with radioactivity assay techniques, are r1(MMA) = 0. 41, r2(m-DVB) = 0.61 and r1(MMA) ≃ 0.62, r2(p-DVB) ≃ 1. 3. The data for the MMA/m-DVB pair give a fairly precise solution of the copolymerization equation and are in accord with previously observed styrene (S)/methyl methacrylate values [8] (r1 = 0.52,r2 - 0.41). The data for the MMA/p-DVB pair, as was also observed for the S/p-DVB pair, do not give an entirely satisfactory solution for the equation but do indicate a substantial preference of both (p-DVB and MMA or S) radicals for the p-DVB monomer and thus confirm a postulated clustering of p-DVB units.
Tell Me a Story About Healthy Snacking and I Will Follow: Comparing the Effectiveness of Self-Generated Versus Message-Aided Implementation Intentions on Promoting Healthy Snacking Habits Among College Students

In the context of healthy snacking, this study examines whether the quality of mental imagery determines the effectiveness of combining the implementation intention (II) intervention with mental imagery. This study further explores whether providing narrative healthy snacking scenarios prior to forming an II enhances people’s mental imagery experience when they are not motivated to snack healthfully. A 2 × 2 factorial design was employed to test the main effect of providing healthy snacking scenarios prior to II formation, and whether such effect depends on people’s motivation level. The results from the experiment (N =148) showed significant main as well as interaction effects of the manipulation (with vs. without reading healthy snacking scenarios prior to II formation) and motivation level on ease and vividness of mental imagery. The regression model with the experiment and follow-up survey data (n = 128) showed a significant relationship between ease of mental imagery and actual snacking behavior afte...
Influence of winter on endocrine state and behavior in European blackbirds (Turdus merula)

and Summary Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, 5α–dihydrotestosteronc (5α–DHT) and corticosterone in wintering European blackbirds (Turdus merula) were analysed according to sex and age, and under two environmental conditions that reflect availability and the degree of competition for food. Circulating levels of LH, basal in all groups, appeared to be unaffected by more intense competition. However, levels of testosterone increased in males, whereas females had higher levels of 5α–DHT than of testosterone. This suggests a function of these hormones in aggressive behavior for procurement of food. Plasma concentrations of corticosterone were positively correlated with time elapsed between capture and procurement of blood sample. They were significantly elevated in first–year birds and females but not in adult males during times of reduced availability of food. This could reflect greater stress in first–year birds and females than in adult males, indicating higher costs of wintering in the breeding area for low–ranking individuals. This differential effect of severe winter conditions according to age and sex could be among the ultimate factors in selection for partial migration in the population. Zusammenfassung Wir analysierten die Plasmakonzentrationen von luteinisierendem Hormon (LH), Testosteron, 5α–Dihydrotestosteron (5α–DHT) und Corticosteron im Brutgebiet uberwinternder Amseln nach Alter und Geschlecht sowie zwei Umwelttemperaturen, die das Nahrungsangebot und das Ausmas aggressiver Auseinandersetzungen widerspiegeln. Die Plasmaspiegel von LH waren im Vergleich zu den Konzentrationen wahrend der Brutzeit bei alien Gruppen sehr niedrig und wurden von den beiden Umweltsituationen nicht beeinflust. Im Gegensatz dazu waren bei Mannchen die Plasmaspiegel von Testosteron bei Nahrungsknappheit erhoht. Die Testosteronspiegel der Weibchen waren sehr niedrig, und es deutete sich kein Einflus der jeweiligen Umweltsituation an. Jedoch waren bei Weibchen die Konzentrationen von 5α–DHT hoher als die von Testosteron. Hohere Androgenspiegel wahrend Zeiten mit gesteigerten aggressiven Auseinandersetzungen konnten auf eine Funktion dieser Hormone in der Steuerung aggressiven Verhaltens auserhalb der Brutzeit hindeuten. Die Plasmakonzentrationen von Corticosteron waren mit der Dauer des Fangstresses positiv korreliert. Bei erstjahrigen Individuen und Weibchen, nicht aber bei adulten Mannchen, waren sie bei Futterknappheit deutlich erhoht. Dieses Ergebnis konnte damit erklart werden, das niedrigrangige Jungvogel und Weibchen bei Kalteeinbruchen groseren Belastungen unterworfen sind als adulte Mannchen. Dies konnte einer der Selektionsfaktoren sein, die zur Evolution von Teilzugverhalten in der untersuchten Amselpopulation fuhrten.
La Psicopatología general de K. Jaspers en la actualidad: fenomenología, comprensión y los fundamentos del conocimiento psiquiátrico

Antecedentes: La "Psicopatologia general" de K. Jaspers combina las disciplinas de la medicina, psiquiatria y filosofia. Su libro aborda el nucleo de la ciencia de la psicopatologia con seriedad, profundidad y sensibilidad sin paralelo. Objetivo: El proposito de este articulo es analizar el desarrollo de los conceptos de la psicopatologia actual. La obra cumbre de Jaspers puede ayudar a clarificar la situacion de modo tal que se puedan efectuar avances en el campo de la psicopatologia. Metodo: Este articulo cubre un amplio movimiento de pensamiento que incluye temas de la filosofia de la mente, ciencia cognitiva, fenomenologia y hermeneutica. La ciencia de la psicopatologia esta sometida a un estudio amplio y abarcativo por parte de Jaspers. Resultados: Se esta desarrollando una nueva disciplina (con raices antiguas) que, sin embargo, tiene sus problemas internos. La psicopatologia misma esta en una fase pluralista y somos testigos de un deseo sin precedente por parte de diversas escuelas de trabajar juntas para aplicar la filosofia y las neurociencias al campo de la psicopatologia. Conclusiones: Recientemente ha habido una revalorizacion de la psicopatologia alemana. Toda una tradicion de pensamiento e investigacion se ha basado en la obra de Jaspers. En la busqueda de los fundamentos de la psicopatologia como ciencia Jaspers recurrio a la filosofia para estudiar los niveles de sentido estructural en la psicopatologia.
Synchronized Current Oscillations of Formic Acid Electro-oxidation in a Microchip-based Dual-Electrode Flow Cell.

We investigate the oscillatory electro-oxidation of formic acid on platinum in a microchip-based dual-electrode cell with microfluidic flow control. The main dynamical features of current oscillations on single Pt electrode that had been observed in macro-cells are reproduced in the microfabricated electrochemical cell. In dual-electrode configuration nearly in-phase synchronized current oscillations occur when the reference/counter electrodes are placed far away from the micro-electrodes. The synchronization disappears with close reference/counter electrode placements. We show that the cause for synchronization is weak albeit important, bidirectional electrical coupling between the electrodes; therefore the unidirectional mass transfer interactions are negligible. The experimental design enables the investigation of the dynamical behavior in micro-electrode arrays with well-defined control of flow of the electrolyte in a manner where the size and spacing of the electrodes can be easily varied.
Consumer Product Labels, Child Labor and Educational Attainment

Child labor-free product labels are efficiency-enhancing when child welfare is a public good only if resources are generated to enhance the well-being of children. However, for a small price-taking economy with at least as many goods as factors and competitively supplied labels, the premium paid by consumers is dissipated by a production inefficiency associated with the adult-only technology. Child labor will decline if labeling firms bid the adult wage above the threshold at which families begin to withdraw their children from the workforce. Alternatively, monitoring agencies may offer consumers a donation label, which claims that some fraction of the purchase price will be donated to a child-welfare fund. A donation label is more efficient than the child labor-free label as it eliminates the production inefficiency and the inefficient competition among certification agencies. The standard contract offered in the child labor free labeling sector has elements of a donation label.
Gabrielle Roy's regionalism and universality

(1991). Gabrielle Roy's regionalism and universality. The Social Science Journal: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 523-532.
Erythroblast membrane association: normal alternative for ferritin incorporation.

Abstract Cell to cell associations of immature red cells have been described as septate-like junctions which occur in conjunction with various red cell abnormalities. This study presents evidence that such erythroblast membrane associations are not confined to erythron pathology but are found in erythroblasts of normal, acute granulocytic leukemia, and lymphoma marrows. Observation of these marrows led us to conclude that these erythroblast membrane interactions should not be morphologically or functionally associated with septate junctions since they do not meet the criteria presented in the literature defining the septate junction. Marrow from five normal, healthy male volunteers, five patients with lymphoma, two acute granulocytic leukemias, one erythroleukemia, and one megaloblastic anemia were studied by transmission electron microscopy. In these cases, erythroblasts of the same and/or different stages of maturation were observed in close apposition to each other with ferritin localized between the membranes. We propose that this type of membrane specialization is an erythroblast association which functionally provides for sequestering of ferritin for incorporation into the cell for subsequent hemoglobin production.
In Vivo Association of Adenovirus Large E1A Protein with the Human Mediator Complex in Adenovirus-Infected and -Transformed Cells

The adenovirus large E1A protein activates transcription from early viral promoters by a mechanism that requires a forty amino acid zinc finger activation domain in E1A conserved region 3 (CR3). Recent results indicate that activation by a Gal4 DNA-binding domain-E1A-CR3 fusion requires an interaction between the E1A-CR3 zinc finger and the Sur2 subunit of the mammalian Mediator (of transcription) complex. Although several host proteins have been shown to bind stably to E1A proteins in adenovirus-infected and -transformed cells, an in vivo interaction with Mediator complex subunits has not been described previously. Using immunoprecipitation and gel filtration analyses of nuclear extracts prepared from HeLa cells infected with adenovirus 5 or mutants that express either large or small E1A specifically and from adenovirus 5-transformed cells, we report here that large E1A, but not small E1A, binds to Mediator complex in vivo. Only ∼1 to 10% of large E1A is bound to Mediator complex at 18 h postinfection and in transformed cells, probably explaining why Mediator complex subunits were not identified among cellular E1A-binding proteins described earlier. Surprisingly, even though extracted Mediator can quantitatively bind to an E1A-CR3 affinity column, only on the order of 1% of cellular Mediator complex is bound by E1A in vivo. Much of the large E1A bound to Mediator in 293 cells is in a stable complex that includes RNA polymerase II, leading us to suggest that the interaction of E1A-CR3 with Mediator stabilizes the interaction of Mediator with the polymerase. This stabilization of the interaction between Mediator and RNA polymerase II may contribute to the mechanism of activation by E1A-CR3.
A nonlinear dynamic model of DNA with a sequence-dependent stacking term

No simple model exists that accurately describes the melting behavior and breathing dynamics of double-stranded DNA as a function of nucleotide sequence. This is especially true for homogenous and periodic DNA sequences, which exhibit large deviations in melting temperature from predictions made by additive thermodynamic contributions. Currently, no method exists for analysis of the DNA breathing dynamics of repeats and of highly G/C- or A/T-rich regions, even though such sequences are widespread in vertebrate genomes. Here, we extend the nonlinear Peyrard–Bishop–Dauxois (PBD) model of DNA to include a sequence-dependent stacking term, resulting in a model that can accurately describe the melting behavior of homogenous and periodic sequences. We collect melting data for several DNA oligos, and apply Monte Carlo simulations to establish force constants for the 10 dinucleotide steps (CG, CA, GC, AT, AG, AA, AC, TA, GG, TC). The experiments and numerical simulations confirm that the GG/CC dinucleotide stacking is remarkably unstable, compared with the stacking in GC/CG and CG/GC dinucleotide steps. The extended PBD model will facilitate thermodynamic and dynamic simulations of important genomic regions such as CpG islands and disease-related repeats.
Photothermal optical switching in ultra-compact hybrid Si-VO 2 ring resonators

We demonstrate optical switching in ultra-compact hybrid Si-VO 2 ring resonators. Large changes in resonant wavelength and optical transmission are achieved by photothermally triggering the reversible semiconductor-to-metal phase-transition of VO 2 .
Colonic wall redundancy at CT in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Purpose: To describe the appearance, prevalence, and possible associations of colonic wall redundancy in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Materials and Methods: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study. Abdominal computed tomographic (CT) images of 38 consecutive patients with CF and a control group of 38 consecutive potential renal donors were retrospectively identified. Three readers independently recorded presence and location of colonic wall redundancy and wall thickness of the ascending, transverse, and descending colon. Interobserver agreement for colonic wall redundancy was determined with the κ statistic. Colonic wall thicknesses were compared between patient groups with the Student t test. Proportions of adult and pediatric patients with and those without colonic wall redundancy and prevalence of specific gene mutations were compared between groups with the Fisher exact test. CT findings were compared with radiologic reports and clinical records. Results: Each reviewe...
Environmental parameters that determine species geographical range limits as a matter of time and space

Aim To identify the ecological factors associated with the range borders of two amphibian species, to investigate geographical variation in environmental parameters that determine species range limits, and to develop a testable hypothesis on the species’ biogeographical history. Location Portugal and Spain. Methods We documented the distribution of two species of marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus and Triturus pygmaeus) from atlas data, survey data and six latitudinal transects. Countrywide ecogeographical models were constructed from presence-only data and a suite of 19 environmental parameters. Local ecogeographical models were constructed along the contact zone. Results Triturus marmoratus and T. pygmaeus share a parapatric range border from coastal Portugal to central Spain. Ecogeographical models performed better in descriptive mode (for the country where they were developed) than in predictive mode (when extrapolated for the neighbouring country). This suggests the existence of spatial variation for parameters that determine the species range borders. Local models showed good performance in Spain and western Portugal. Parameters dominating the models were climatic (precipitation, temperature and solar radiation), geographical (altitude) and geophysical (soil permeability). Enclaves in the distribution of T. marmoratus/T. pygmaeus also corresponded with environmental parameters. Poor-fitting local models were found in central Portugal, where the mutual range border of the two species coincides with the River Tejo. Main conclusions The fit and predictive performance of the ecogeographical models suggest that equilibrium conditions have been reached over most of the contact zone. Parameter selection, field observations and natural history knowledge led us to identify, in terms of reproductive strategy, a stable species with regular, but low annual recruitment (T. marmoratus) vs. an opportunistic species with fluctuating ‘all-or-nothing’ annual recruitment (T. pygmaeus). Ecological parapatry derives from the use of permanent ponds for breeding in T. marmoratus vs. ephemeral ponds used by T. pygmaeus. Enclaves in the distribution show that, historically, T. pygmaeus has been displacing T. marmoratus. In central Portugal, where the model fit is poor, the advance of T. pygmaeus is currently impeded by the River Tejo. We predict that once this barrier has been crossed, the contact zone will move c. 40 km to the north. As T. marmoratus and T. pygmaeus are hybridizing species, we predict the occasional presence of T. marmoratus genes in areas that have changed occupancy.
Comparison of transform and sum‐over‐states methods in the resonance Raman excitation profile of cryptoxanthin

The resonance Raman excitation profiles (RREPs) of the ν1, ν2 and ν3 vibrations of cryptoxanthin in acetone, toluene and carbon disulfide solvents have been determined. Cryptoxanthin, which is a pigment in maize, differs from β-carotene by having a hydroxyl group on one of the end rings. The RREPs are interpreted in terms multimode sum-over-states and trates and transform methods. Both theoretical procedures show good agreement between theory and experiment, but the results in carbon disulfide show the greatest discrepancy. The theoretical parameters for cryptoxanthin are similar to those of β-carotene, but the broadening effect in cryptoxanthin is about 20% smaller than in β-carotene. The sum-over-states method gives better agreement between theory and experiment in acetone and toluene solvents, whereas the transform method is better in carbon disulfide.
Fibroepithelial polyps causing ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Fibroepithelial polyps are benign mucosal projections that can be found throughout the urinary system. We review our experience with fibroepithelial polyps of the ureteropelvic junction in children to define more clearly this entity and its outcome following treatment.Methods: We reviewed the records of all children with fibroepithelial polyps causing ureteropelvic junction obstruction treated at our institution between December 1967 and February 2002.Results: Nine patients 6 weeks to 9 years old had 11 ureteropelvic junction obstructions secondary to fibroepithelial polyps, representing a 0.5% incidence of all ureteropelvic junction obstructions seen during that period. The majority of the patients were male (89%) and had obstruction on the left side (78%). Only 22% of the patients had a diagnosis of obstructing polyps suggested preoperatively. All patients underwent dismembered pyeloplasty but 1 required subsequent nephrectomy due to progressive loss of renal function. All lesions were ...
Small RNA: can RNA interference be exploited for therapy?

Context RNA interference (RNAi) is the sequence-specific gene-silencing induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and gives information about gene function quickly, easily, and inexpensively. The use of RNAi for genetic-based therapies is widely studied, especially in viral infections, cancers, and inherited genetic disorders. RNAi has been used to make tissue-specific knockdown mice for studying gene function in a whole animal. Combined with genomics data, RNAi-directed gene-silencing could allow functional determination of any gene expressed in a cell or pathway. The term RNAi came from the discovery that the injection of dsRNAs into Caenorhabditis elegans interferes with the expression of specific genes containing a complementary region to the delivered dsRNA. Although stalled for a time by the non-gene-specific interferon response elicited by dsRNA molecules longer than about 30 nucleotides in mammalian cells, Tom Tuschl's group found that transfection of synthetic 21-nucleotide small-interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes were highly selective and sequence-specific inhibitors of endogenous genes. Starting point siRNA expression has been studied with siRNA from plasmid and viral vectors that efficiently deliver siRNAs into both dividing and non-dividing cells, stem cells, zygotes, and their differentiated progeny. A collection of RNA interference vectors that suppress 50 human de-ubiquitinating enzymes allowed Thijn Brummelkamp and colleagues to study this gene family and to identify de-ubiquitinating enzymes in cancer-relevant pathways (Nature 2003; 424: 797-801). These researchers found that the familial cylindromatosis tumour suppressor gene (CYLD), previously of unknown function, could enhance the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, leading to increased resistance to apoptosis. They have now started to investigate the use of CYLD inhibitors in clinical trials. Where next The ability to efficiently and stably produce and deliver sufficient amounts of siRNA to the proper target tissues require refinement before this new technology can be tried clinically. Initial in-vivo studies reported effective transgene suppression in adult mice by chemically synthesised siRNAs. More recently many researchers have used plasmid and viral vectors for transcription of short-hairpin RNAs, both in vitro and in vivo. With these expression systems, gene expression was more stably inhibited than with the transient knockdown recorded with chemically synthesised siRNA. Human trials exploiting these latest findings are likely to soon follow.
Changing patterns of secondary preventive medication among newly diagnosed coronary heart disease patients with diabetes in Finland: A register-based study

Aims: Information on medicine use among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with diabetes in unselected patient populations is scarce. This study examines the use of medication to prevent new cardiac events among newly diagnosed CHD patients with diabetes comparing them to patients without diabetes and examines socioeconomic differences in medicine use in these patient groups. Methods: Data on CHD patients (43,501 men and 31,125 women) with or without diabetes were individually linked from nationwide registers (covering both patients treated in ambulatory and in hospital inpatient care). Age-standardised rates for medication use were calculated and differences between patient groups examined using Poisson regression. Results: β-blocker use was high in all patient groups in 1997—2002, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin II antagonist use increased and remained higher among patients with diabetes. More than half of men and women with diabetes used ACE inhibitors and one out of fi...
Plasma-sheath transition in the magnetized plasma-wall problem for collisionless ions

A model for the collisionless plasma-wall problem under the action of an applied magnetic field is developed. The behavior of its solution is examined and found to be qualitatively consistent with experiment. The plasma and the sheath are then modeled separately to obtain the position of the quasi-neutral plasma boundary and the position of the edge of the electron-free sheath. It is shown that the plasma boundary can be specified as the point where the component of the ion velocity normal to the wall reaches the ion sound speed (Bohm criterion), and the sheath edge is specified as the point corresponding to Godyak's condition for the electric field. Studying the behavior near the plasma boundary and the sheath edge, the plasma solution and the solution of the space charge region are patched together to approximate the solution of the plasma-wall problem.
Photonic-crystal slow-light enhancement of nonlinear phase sensitivity

We demonstrate how slow group velocities of light, which are readily achievable in photonic-crystal systems, can dramatically increase the induced phase shifts caused by small changes in the index of refraction. Such increased phase sensitivity may be used to decrease the sizes of many devices, including switches, routers, all-optical logical gates, wavelength converters, and others. At the same time a low group velocity greatly decreases the power requirements needed to operate these devices. We show how these advantages can be used to design switches smaller than 20 µm×200 µm in size by using readily available materials and at modest levels of power. With this approach, one could have ∼105 such devices on a surface that is 2 cm×2 cm, making it an important step towards large-scale all-optical integration.
Investigación-acción en formación de profesores: Desarrollo histórico, supuestos epistemológicos y diversidad metodológica

0 0 1 136 780 Boston College 6 1 915 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Cambria;} En el contexto de la formacion docente, la investigacion-accion ha tenido una importante influencia en las ultimas tres decadas siendo usada frecuentemente como herramienta pedagogica. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar el desarrollo historico de la investigacion-accion educacional, conceptualizar sus aspectos epistemologicos comunes y profundizar algunos enfoques particulares. Desde un punto de vista teorico, la investigacion-accion reconoceuna historia comun y una pluralidad metodologica. Metodologicamente realizamos una revision de la literatura internacional y nacional. El resultado es el analisis y ejemplificacion de tres enfoques particulares: autoestudio, indagacion sobre la indagacion e investigacion docente. Concluimos que la investigacion-accion educacional, en su unidad y pluralidad metodologica, ofrece diversas posibilidades a formadores de profesores y futuros docentes para reflexionar e indagar acerca del proceso de convertirse en profesor.
Nickel Sulfate Induces Location-Dependent Atrophy of Mouse Olfactory Epithelium: Protective and Proliferative Role of Purinergic Receptor Activation

Exposure to nickel sulfate (NiSO(4)) leads to impaired olfaction and anosmia through an unknown mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that ATP is released following NiSO4-induced injury and that ATP promotes regenerative cell proliferation in the olfactory epithelium (OE). Male Swiss Webster mice were intranasally instilled with NiSO(4) or saline followed by ATP, purinergic receptor antagonists, or saline. We assessed the olfactory epithelium for NiSO(4)-induced changes using histology and immunohistochemistry 1-7 days postinstillation and compared results to olfactory bulb ablation-induced toxicity. Intranasal instillation of NiSO(4) produced a dose- and time-dependent reduction in the thickness of turbinate OE. These reductions were due to sustentacular cell loss, measured by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining at 1-day postinstillation and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons at 3 days postinstillation. A significant increase in cell proliferation was observed at 5 and 7 days postinstillation of NiSO(4) evidenced by BrdU incorporation. Treatment with purinergic receptor antagonists significantly reduced NiSO(4)-induced cell proliferation and posttreatment with ATP significantly increased cell proliferation. Furthermore, posttreatment with ATP had no effect on sustentacular cell viability but significantly reduced caspase-3-dependent neuronal apoptosis. In a bulbectomy-induced model of apoptosis, exogenous ATP produced a significant increase in cell proliferation that was not affected by purinergic receptor antagonists, suggesting that ATP is not released during bulbectomy-induced apoptosis. ATP is released following NiSO(4)-induced apoptosis and has neuroproliferative and neuroprotective functions. These data provide therapeutic strategies to alleviate or cure the loss of olfactory function associated with exposure to nickel compounds.
Gas Phase Decomposition of an Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition Precursor to Ain: [A1(CH3)2NH2]3

A CVD reactor has been coupled to a molecular beam apparatus in order to study the gas phase decomposition of an organometallic precursor to AIN, tris-dimethylaluminum amide, [(CH3)2AINH2]3. The onset of decomposition occurs at a reactor temperature of 125/dgC. By 300°C, all mass spectral signals due to precursor have disappeared. With the addition of helium as a carrier gas in the CVD process, the temperature at which all precursor signals disappear is raised to 400°C. The evolution of methane accompanies the precursor decomposition. Mass spectra of the precursor and its deuterated analogue, [(CH3)2 AIND2]3, obtained between 50°C and 90°C, offer support for the existence of trimer-dimer-monomer equilibria in this temperature range.
Commentary: An exemplar of progress in understanding complex disorders – reflections on what we have learned about eating disorders (Culbert et al., 2015)

A number of recent advances in eating disorders research have helped clarify the nature of risk for the development of such disorders. Culbert et al. () provide an empirical and thoughtful review of these recent advances. The authors identified empirically established risk factors in each of several categories of risk for eating disorders: genetic influences, neurotransmitter activity, hormones, personality, and sociocultural influences. We highlight three implications of their review. First, the review can serve as an important asset to eating disorder researchers, both substantively, by providing a comprehensive account of empirically supported risk processes; and methodologically, by highlighting good standards of evidence for acceptance of a candidate risk factor. Second, eating disorder risk is increased by both transdiagnostic and eating disorder-specific factors; there is a need to understand how these types of factors transact with each other. Third and most important, we highlight the importance of Culbert et al.'s advocacy for the development of theoretical models, and empirical tests of those models that specify transactions among different types of risk factors, such as those based on genetic, neurobiological, personality, and social processes.
Elevated corticosterone in the dorsal hindbrain increases plasma norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y, and recruits a vasopressin response to stress

Repeated stress and chronically elevated glucocorticoids cause exaggerated cardiovascular responses to novel stress, elevations in baseline blood pressure, and increased risk for cardiovascular dis...
Mathematical Modeling-Guided Evaluation of Biochemical, Developmental, Environmental, and Genotypic Determinants of Essential Oil Composition and Yield in Peppermint Leaves

We have previously reported the use of a combination of computational simulations and targeted experiments to build a first generation mathematical model of peppermint (Mentha × piperita) essential oil biosynthesis. Here, we report on the expansion of this approach to identify the key factors controlling monoterpenoid essential oil biosynthesis under adverse environmental conditions. We also investigated determinants of essential oil biosynthesis in transgenic peppermint lines with modulated essential oil profiles. A computational perturbation analysis, which was implemented to identify the variables that exert prominent control over the outputs of the model, indicated that the essential oil composition should be highly dependent on certain biosynthetic enzyme concentrations [(+)-pulegone reductase and (+)-menthofuran synthase], whereas oil yield should be particularly sensitive to the density and/or distribution of leaf glandular trichomes, the specialized anatomical structures responsible for the synthesis and storage of essential oils. A microscopic evaluation of leaf surfaces demonstrated that the final mature size of glandular trichomes was the same across all experiments. However, as predicted by the perturbation analysis, differences in the size distribution and the total number of glandular trichomes strongly correlated with differences in monoterpenoid essential oil yield. Building on various experimental data sets, appropriate mathematical functions were selected to approximate the dynamics of glandular trichome distribution/density and enzyme concentrations in our kinetic model. Based on a χ2 statistical analysis, simulated and measured essential oil profiles were in very good agreement, indicating that modeling is a valuable tool for guiding metabolic engineering efforts aimed at improving essential oil quality and quantity.
Evaluation of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia with 111In-Pentetreotide Scintigraphy

In cases of nonhereditary osteomalacia associated with hypophosphatemia and inadequate response to vitamin D supplementation, one should consider the possibility of tumor-induced osteomalacia, a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by small mesenchymal tumors often found in obscure locations. We present a case of tumor-induced osteomalacia in which 111 In-pentetreotide scintigraphy aided in accurate localization of the culprit brachial plexus tumor and cure after resection.
Gesture Recognition using Hidden Markov Models from Fragmented Observations

We consider the problem of computing the likelihood of a gesture from regular, unaided video sequences, without relying on perfect segmentation of the scene. Instead of requiring that low-and mid-level processes produce near-perfect segmentation of relevant body parts such as hands, we take into account that such processes can only produce uncertain information. The hands can only be detected as fragmented regions along with clutter. To address this problem, we propose an extension of the HMM formalism, which we call the frag-HMM, to allow for reasoning based on fragmented observations, via the use of an intermediate grouping process. In this formulation, we do not match the frag- HMMto one observation sequence, but rather to a sequence of observation sets, where each observation set is a collection of groups of fragmented observations. Based on the developed model, we show how to perform three kinds of computations. The first one is to decide on the best observation group for each frame, given a sequence of observation groups for the past frames. This allows us to incrementally compute the best segmentation of the hand for each frame, given the model. The second one involves the computation of likelihood of a sequence, averaged over all possible states sequences and possible groupings. The third is the computation of the likelihood of a sequence, maximized over all possible state sequences and group sequences. This can give us the best possible groupings for each frame, as well. We demonstrate our ideas using a publicly available hand gesture dataset that spans different subjects, is against complex background, and involves hand occlusions. The recognition performance is within 2% of that obtained with manually segmented hands and about 10% better than that obtained with segmentations that use the prior knowledge of the hand color.
Cholesteryl ester synthesis in normal and atherosclerotic aortas of rabbits and rhesus monkeys

The formation of cholesteryl ester in aortic tissue was studied using subcellular fractions from normal and atherosclerotic rabbit and rhesus monkey aortas. The properties of two enzyme systems capable of esterifying 1-14C-oleic acid into cholesteryl ester in vitro were investigated, and increased activity was demonstrated for both systems as a result of cholesterol feeding. Microsomal preparations were used to study the ATP, CoA-dependent esterification which involves two enzymes, fatty acyl CoA synthetase and fatty acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase. The properties of both enzymes were investigated, and an increase of about fourfold in activity of the acryltransfrease was demonstrated in aortic microsomes as a result of cholesterol feeding for 3-6 months. Esterification of oleic acid into cholesteryl ester by aortic high-speed supernatant fractions at an acidic pH was also observed; the enzyme system involved did not require cofactors, and its activity greatly increased as a result of cholesterol fee...
The synthesis and purification of 2'-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate, a natural inhibitor of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, investigated by 31P n.m.r.

2'-Carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate (2CA1P), a natural inhibitor of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was synthesized from 2'-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate (2CABP). The selective dephosphorylation of 2CABP with either acid phosphatase or alkaline phosphatase was investigated by using 31P n.m.r. The n.m.r. spectra of the progress of the reactions indicated that both phosphatases preferentially removed the 5-phosphate from the bisphosphate. After the consumption of all of the bisphosphate, alkaline phosphatase generated a mixture of 2'-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1- and 5-monophosphates in the ratio of about 4:1, along with Pi. The enzyme also hydrolysed the monophosphates to 2'-carboxyarabinitol, thus decreasing the yield of 2CA1P further. In contrast, acid phosphatase catalysed almost quantitative conversion of 2CABP into 2CA1P, preferring to hydrolyse only the 5-phosphate. In either case, separation of the 2CA1P from Pi or other products of enzymic hydrolysis was readily accomplished by conventional ion-exchange chromatography or h.p.l.c.
Ground Water Control

Constructing works below ground level is a major part of the work of a Civil Engineer and the ingress of ground water can cause serious problems. Water-logged conditions can slow work considerably and cause safety problems, such as erosion or collapse of the sides of an excavation, or even flooding, and so ground water must be controlled to carry out work effectively. It is not possible to consider ground water control without also looking at ground support methods since many systems have a dual purpose. Such systems will be explained within the text. In general there are two types of water to control.
Multiparametric MRI of the Prostate as a Tool for Prostate Cancer Detection, Localization, and Risk Assessment

Advances in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) hold promise for the improved detection and characterization of prostate cancer. MpMRI combines diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences, or spectroscopy with conventional T2-weighted sequences. With a combination of anatomic and functional imaging sequences to identify suspicious regions in the prostate, pre-biopsy mpMRI has the potential to improve prostate cancer detection and risk stratification through MRI-targeted biopsy. In this chapter we review the role of mpMRI in prostate cancer detection, the outcomes of MRI-targeted biopsy, and the critical concepts currently under evaluation in validation of an MRI-based prostate cancer risk stratification strategy.
Abstract WP18: Gender Differences In Intra-arterial Therapy

Background: Women have higher post-stroke mortality and rate of disability. Earlier studies have reported on difference between outcomes in men and women with regard to CEA, stenting and tPA. However, there are no studies comparing gender differences with intra-arterial (IA) treatment in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis. Methods: This retrospective study performed at an academic tertiary care facility compared men and women treated for M1 severe stenosis or occlusion with IA therapy from November 2002 to May 2011. We compared baseline premorbid conditions. Treatment outcomes included infarct size, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and mortality. Two-tailed Fischer’s Exact Test was used for data analysis. Results: Of 223 patients, 105 (47.1%) were men and 113 (50.7%) were women. Women were older (64.1 vs. 67.9 years; p 0.05). NIHSS at presentation (15.5 vs 16.1; p > 0.05) and infarct size post intervention (78.6 vs 76.5 cc 3 ; p > 0.05) were not different. Successful revascularization rate was 88% in women and 81% in men (p = 0.15). 56% of men but only 41% of women had a mRS ≤ 2 at 3 months. (p Conclusion: Despite the findings that infarct size and revascularization rates were the same between men and women, women had worse functional outcomes at 3 months. In future investigations, we will identify contributing factors that may explain outcome differences between men and women.
Direct Measurement of the Aspartic Acid 26 pKa for Reduced Escherichia coli Thioredoxin by 13C NMR

Because of interference from the pH-dependent behavior of nearby groups in the active site of Escherichia coli thioredoxin, the pKa of the buried carboxyl group of the aspartic acid at position 26 has been difficult to quantitate. We report a direct measurement of this pKa using an NMR method utilizing the correlation between the CβH proton resonances and the 13CO of the titrating carboxyl group. The experiments show unequivocally that the pKa is 7.3−7.5, rather than the value of 9 or greater recently proposed by Wilson, N. A., et al. [(1995) Biochemistry 34, 8931−8939]. The assignment of the titrating resonances to Asp 26 is unambiguous: the values of the CβH chemical shifts correspond exactly to those of Asp 26, and their titration in the pH range 5.7−10.0 is the same as that observed previously for the proton resonances alone. In addition, the chemical shift of the carboxyl 13C resonance at pH 5.7 is upfield of those of the other carboxyl and carboxamide resonances, diagnostic for a protonated carboxy...
TOF-SIMS 3D imaging of native and non-native species within HeLa cells.

In this study, a non-native chemical species, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), was imaged within single HeLa cells using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). z-corrected 3D images we...
Reversible effect of hypotonic solutions on growth of influenza virus in tissue cultures.

Summary1. Growth of virus is inhibited by exposure of infected chorioallantoic membrane to Hanks' balanced salt solution diluted 1:2 or 1:4. This occurs either at the beginning of the experiment or after a 24 hour period of virus multiplication. Restoration of isotonicity with NaCl up to 42 hours after infection results in reversal. 2. NaCl when added late, although it stimulates virus growth, does not increase tissue proliferation. Glucose 0.14 M in 25%BSS permits almost normal tissue proliferation, but does not significantly stimulate virus synthesis during the first 24 hours. 3. Loss of virus from heavily infected tissue occurs on exposure to 50, 35, or 25%BSS. This is prevented by adjusting the solution to near normal osmolarity with glucose. Tissue respiration is markedly inhibited by 25%BSS but not by 50%BSS. 4. The relative roles of electrolytes and osmotic properties of the solution in virus attachment, penetration, and synthesis and on tissue respiration are considered.
Effect of ultra fast cooling on microstructure and properties of X70 pipeline steel

Dynamic phase transformation behavior and CCT curves of X70 pipeline steels containing and un-containing Mo were investigated by MMS-300 thermal / mechanical simulation tester.In virtue of rolling and cooling experiment,microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the X70 pipeline steels with two different chemical composition were studied under the laminar cooling and ultra fast cooling conditions at laboratory.The results reveal that the microstructure changes by sequence of polygonal ferrite and pearlite;polygonal ferrite and acicular ferrite;and acicular ferrite for non-Mo X70 pipeline steel,and of polygonal ferrite and acicular ferrite;acilular ferrite for X70 pipeline steel containing-Mo with the increase of cooling rate.Mo restrains the polygonal ferrite and pearlite transformation.About 40% quasi polygonal ferrite can be obtained under the laminar cooling condition and acicular ferrite is obtained under ultra fast cooling condition for non-Mo X70 pipeline steel.Acicular microstructure is benefit for the increase of strength and toughness of X70 pipeline steel.Ultra fast cooling refines the effective grains,whose boundary misorientation is higher than 15°.The strength and toughness of the non-Mo X70 pipeline steel under ultra fast cooling is slightly higher than that of the X70 pipeline steel containing-Mo under the condition of laminar cooling.Microstructure is much finer under the condition of ultra fast cooling for Mocontaining X70 pipeline steel and the mechanical properties can satisfy the standard of X80 pipeline steel.