cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Color Variations on Eros from NEAR Multispectral Imaging

NEAR multispectral imaging was obtained at seven wavelengths (450–1050 nm) to characterize hemispheric and regional color properties of Eros. The highest-resolution whole-disk data, 180 m/pixel, were obtained during the last pre-orbit insertion sequence on 12 February 2000. The same areas were imaged again in color at 10–20 m/pixel from high orbit in March–April 2000, and selected targets have been studied in color at resolutions as high as 4 m/pixel from low orbit. Whole-disk spectra are in close agreement with ground-based observations. These and the disk-resolved measurements show little variation in visible-wavelength color, but they do reveal spatial variation of several percent in the 950-nm/760-nm reflectance ratio, used here as a proxy for depth of the 1-μm olivine-pyroxene absorption band. After photometric correction to i=30° e=0° using both a Hapke correction and a modified empirical phase function, the disk-resolved images show reproducible spatial variations in albedo and 950-nm/760-nm reflectance ratio. The northern hemisphere exhibits average reflectances at i=30°, e=0° of 0.136±0.007 at 760 nm and 0.115±0.006 at 950 nm, equivalent to geometric albedos of 0.30±0.02 and 0.26±0.02, respectively. There is more than factor of 2 spatial variation in reflectance, but only about 10% variation in the 950-nm/760-nm reflectance ratio. Reflectance and color ratio are highly correlated, with the highest reflectances in discrete, sharp-edged patches on slopes exceeding 20°, consistent with material being exposed by downslope movement. Eros is also conspicuously deficient in small, bright, spectrally distinctive craters which are found on the other two S asteroids, Gaspra and Ida, imaged by spacecraft at close range. Eros exhibits a larger range of albedos than other S asteroids, but its color variations are much more subtle: variation in the 950-nm/760-nm reflectance ratio with 760-nm reflectance is several times less than on those asteroids or in the lunar maria. Of the different mechanisms possibly responsible for reflectance and color differences on Eros, spatial differences in the extent of regolith aging by space weathering are most consistent with Eros's observed properties. However, the effects of this process are both qualitatively and quantitatively different than in the lunar maria.
Wealth and labor supply heterogeneity

Abstract This paper examines the importance of ex-ante heterogeneity for understanding the relationship between wealth and labor supply when markets are incomplete. An infinite horizon model is estimated where labor supply is indivisible and households are ex-ante heterogeneous in their labor disutility and market skills. The model replicates key features of the distribution of employment, wages, and wealth observed in the data. Importantly, it reverses the prediction that employment falls with wealth, a pervasive feature of models without ex-ante heterogeneity. A byproduct of the model's empirical performance is that it implies labor supply responses to unanticipated wage changes (e.g., Frisch elasticities) that are a half to two-thirds of those recovered from models with only ex-post heterogeneity.
Quality of Life Paradox in Gastrointestinal Disorders

In medicine, severity of illness and impact of treatments are most often measured by changes in disease processes, to prevent morbidity and mortality. For patients, however, a more relevant measure is how their illness symptoms impact their lives physically, emotionally, occupationally, socially, and cognitively. Hence, the concept of “quality of life” has increasingly been used in research and clinical practice to quantify disease impact and evaluate treatment efficacy. In theory, disease severity affects symptoms and disability, which then decreases one’s quality of life. However, this is not always the case. Sometimes, patients with severe disease or substantial disability report good quality of life. For example, tetraplegia patients on ventilators report higher quality of life than expected by physicians as well as patients who were not on a ventilator
Eudesmanolides from Calea trichomata

Abstract Chemical analysis of Calea trichomata yielded, besides four known eudesmanolides, a new eudesmanolide, trichomatolide A. The structure of the new compound was established by chemical and spectral methods.
Color As an Attentional Cue in Discrimination Learning.

Previous studies have shown that while multiple hue color cues can have a facilitative effect on initial learning, they can produce negative effects on a non-cued criterion task. The present study ...
Electrodynamics, and the mutual annihilation of positive and negative electricity

Abstract The mutual annihilation of positive and negative electricity with an accompanying radiation of the equivalent electromagnetic energy has been invoked to account for stellar heat. Electrodynamics, without further generalization, has no way of admitting such annihilation accompanied by radiation. The generalizations necessary to provide logical meaning to the process are developed and discussed.In particular, it becomes necessary to extend the law of motion of electricity applicable to an electron as a whole, so as to apply also to that which remains of the electron when part of it is destroyed.
Blind men and elephants: A case study of consultation with police

Although consultation has become an important vehicle for purveying psychological services to social systems, few well-defined conceptual or empirical guidelines sensitive to the multidimensional nature of complex social systems exist to structure intervention efforts. A case study of a consultative intervention with an internally conflicted police department is presented. The process of the intervention clearly illustrated the multidimensional factors sustaining the difficulties. A particular consultative intervention, the consultant-trainee model, was utilized and seemed to have several features useful in such cases. A pre-post evaluation supported the effectiveness of the intervention and several recommendations for the conduct of effective, ecologically sensitive social system consultation were presented.
Wheat basal crop coefficients determined by normalized difference vegetation index

Crop coefficient methodologies are widely used to estimate actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for determining irrigation scheduling. Generalized crop coefficient curves presented in the literature are limited to providing estimates of ETc for “optimum” crop condition within a field, which often need to be modified for local conditions and cultural practices, as well as adjusted for the variations from normal crop and weather conditions that might occur during a given growing season. Consequently, the uncertainties associated with generalized crop coefficients can result in ETc estimates that are significantly different from actual ETc, which could ultimately contribute to poor irrigation water management. Some important crop properties such as percent cover and leaf area index have been modeled with various vegetation indices (VIs), providing a means to quantify real-time crop variations from remotely-sensed VI observations. Limited research has also shown that VIs can be used to estimate the basal crop coefficient (K cb) for several crops, including corn and cotton. The objective of this research was to develop a model for estimating K cb values from observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for spring wheat. The K cb data were derived from back-calculations of the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedures using field data obtained during two wheat experiments conducted during 1993–1994 and 1995–1996 in Maricopa, Arizona. The performance of the K cb model for estimating ETc was evaluated using data from a third wheat experiment in 1996–1997, also in Maricopa, Arizona. The K cb was modeled as a function of a normalized quantity for NDVI, using a third-order polynomial regression relationship (r 2=0.90, n=232). The estimated seasonal ETc for the 1996–1997 season agreed to within −33 mm (−5%) to 18 mm (3%) of measured ETc. However, the mean absolute percent difference between the estimated and measured daily ETc varied from 9% to 10%, which was similar to the 10% variation for K cb that was unexplained by NDVI. The preliminary evaluation suggests that remotely-sensed NDVI observations could provide real-time K cb estimates for determining the actual wheat ETc during the growing season.
Quasi-particle excitations in a ferromagnet, near a quantum critical point

Abstract The quasi-particle excitations of a ferromagnet, near a quantum critical point are examined. The weak ferromagnetic state is described by the Hubbard model. The effects of emission of absorption of Goldstone modes on the quasi-particles is examined, as are the effects of the incoherent spin–flip excitations. It is found that, unlike the strong ferromagnet, the Goldstone modes have negligibly small effects on the quasi-particle spectrum and the strongest effects originate from the incoherent spin–flips. The incoherent spin excitations produce large quasi-particle mass enhancements and also produce an incoherent peak in both the off Fermi energy majority and minority spin spectral density.
Transfection of beta-casein chimeric gene and hormonal induction of its expression in primary murine mammary epithelial cells.

Abstract To study the regulatory sequence elements responsible for casein gene expression, we constructed a chimeric gene containing 5.3 kilobases (kb) of the 5'-flanking sequence and 1.6 kb of the 3'-flanking sequence of the mouse beta-casein gene fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) gene. The chimeric gene was transfected by the calcium phosphate-precipitation procedure into primary mouse mammary epithelial cells prepared from pregnant mice. The transfection procedure had negligible effect on expression of the endogenous beta-casein gene. Expression of the beta-casein-CAT chimeric gene required the synergistic actions of insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin. Expression of the chimeric gene also depended on the appropriate substratum because the degree of hormonal induction of the chimeric gene was much higher in cells cultured on a reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) than in cells cultured on either type I collagen gel or plastic. On the other hand, the expression of a simian virus 40-CAT chimeric gene in which the CAT gene was driven by the early promoter of the virus was not influenced by the hormonal milieu and occurred at the highest level in cells cultured on plastic. Additional transfection experiments with a series of beta-casein-CAT constructs suggested the existence of regulatory elements responsible for hormonal induction and negative regulatory elements.
Effect of nursing home ownership on the quality of post-acute care: an instrumental variables approach

Given the preferential tax treatment afforded nonprofit firms, policymakers and researchers have been interested in whether the nonprofit sector provides higher nursing home quality relative to its for-profit counterpart. However, differential selection into for-profits and nonprofits can lead to biased estimates of the effect of ownership form. By using “differential distance” to the nearest nonprofit nursing home relative to the nearest for-profit nursing home, we mimic randomization of residents into more or less “exposure” to nonprofit homes when estimating the effects of ownership on quality of care. Using national Minimum Data Set assessments linked with Medicare claims, we use a national cohort of post-acute patients who were newly admitted to nursing homes within an 18-month period spanning January 1, 2004 and June 30, 2005. After instrumenting for ownership status, we found that post-acute patients in nonprofit facilities had fewer 30-day hospitalizations and greater improvement in mobility, pain, and functioning.
Gauge field, Aharonov-Bohm flux, and high-Tc superconductivity

In a spin-1/2 Heisenberg model with short-range antiferromagnetic order, a hole making a closed loop on one sublattice is subject to a slowly varying spin-quantization axis and picks up a phase equal to half the solid angle subtended by the spin orientation around the loop. The phase can be represented by an Aharonov-Bohm flux resulting in a U(1) gauge theory. For a finite hole density this model leads to superconductivity even in the presence of Coulomb repulsion. The gauge field also enhances low-energy particle-hole excitations, leading to a /ital T//sup 4/3/ law for the normal-state resitivity.
Pim-1 preserves mitochondrial morphology by inhibiting dynamin-related protein 1 translocation

Mitochondrial morphological dynamics affect the outcome of ischemic heart damage and pathogenesis. Recently, mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) has been identified as a mediator of mitochondrial morphological changes and cell death during cardiac ischemic injury. In this study, we report a unique relationship between Pim-1 activity and Drp1 regulation of mitochondrial morphology in cardiomyocytes challenged by ischemic stress. Transgenic hearts overexpressing cardiac Pim-1 display reduction of total Drp1 protein levels, increased phosphorylation of Drp1-S637, and inhibition of Drp1 localization to the mitochondria. Consistent with these findings, adenoviral-induced Pim-1 neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) retain a reticular mitochondrial phenotype after simulated ischemia (sI) and decreased Drp1 mitochondrial sequestration. Interestingly, adenovirus Pim-dominant negative NRCMs show increased expression of Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only protein p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), which has been previously shown to induce Drp1 accumulation at mitochondria and increase sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. Overexpression of the p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis–dominant negative adenovirus attenuates localization of Drp1 to mitochondria in adenovirus Pim-dominant negative NRCMs promotes reticular mitochondrial morphology and inhibits cell death during sI. Therefore, Pim-1 activity prevents Drp1 compartmentalization to the mitochondria and preserves reticular mitochondrial morphology in response to sI.
Differentiation of Stem Cells in the Dental Follicle

The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament. In addition, it may be the precursor of other cells of the periodontium, including osteoblasts and cementoblasts. We hypothesized that stem cells may be present in the DF and be capable of differentiating into cells of the periodontium. Stem cells were identified in the DF of the rat first mandibular molar by Hoechst staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, and expression of side-population stem cell markers. These cells were shown to be able to differentiate into osteoblasts/cementoblasts, adipocytes, and neurons. Treating the DF cell population with doxorubicin, followed by incubation in an adipogenesis medium, suggested that the adipocytes originated from stem cells. Thus, a possibly puripotent stem cell population is present in the rat DF.
Bladder epithelial cells from patients with interstitial cystitis produce an inhibitor of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor production.

Purpose: The etiology of interstitial cystitis is unknown. We previously identified an interstitial cystitis urine factor, antiproliferative factor, that inhibits proliferation of bladder epithelial cells in vitro and complex changes in epithelial growth factor levels, including profound decreases in heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF). Bladder and renal pelvic catheterization of patients with interstitial cystitis indicated that the antiproliferative factor is made and/or activated in the distal ureter or bladder. Therefore, we determined whether bladder epithelial cells from interstitial cystitis cases produced the antiproliferative factor and whether purified antiproliferative factor could alter production of growth factors known to be abnormal in interstitial cystitis.Materials and Methods: Antiproliferative factor activity was determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation into primary bladder epithelial cells. The antiproliferative factor was purified by size fractionation ...
A new concept in guided motion total knee arthroplasty

When the normal knee is flexed from 0 to maximum, the lateral femoral condyle displaces posteriorly, but the medial condyle remains almost in the same position. There is anteroposterior and rotational laxity about this neutral path. The hypothesis of this study was that this motion could be provided in a total knee arthroplasty by specially shaped bearing surfaces, in particular, where the lateral femoral condyle converged inward around the periphery from extension to full flexion. Tibial surfaces were generated with such femoral condyles moving through a neutral motion path. Displacing the femur in anteroposterior or rotation about the neutral position at a given angle of flexion intersected a volume of the tibial surface in both directions, showing that the femur was "at the bottom of the tibial dish." The volumes were comparable with those for conventional condylar replacement total knee arthroplasties. These data supported the general concept of converging femoral condyles, which may be present in the natural knee itself to guide motion.
Non-Commutative Resistance Networks ?

In the setting of finite-dimensional C -algebrasA we define what we call a Rie- mannian metric for A, which when A is commutative is very closely related to a finite resistance network. We explore the relationship with Dirichlet forms and corresponding seminorms that are Markov and Leibniz, with corresponding matricial structure and met- ric on the state space. We also examine associated Laplace and Dirac operators, quotient energy seminorms, resistance distance, and the relationship with standard deviation.
Biosynthesis of Plant Volatiles: Nature's Diversity and Ingenuity

Plant volatiles (PVs) are lipophilic molecules with high vapor pressure that serve various ecological roles. The synthesis of PVs involves the removal of hydrophilic moieties and oxidation/hydroxylation, reduction, methylation, and acylation reactions. Some PV biosynthetic enzymes produce multiple products from a single substrate or act on multiple substrates. Genes for PV biosynthesis evolve by duplication of genes that direct other aspects of plant metabolism; these duplicated genes then diverge from each other over time. Changes in the preferred substrate or resultant product of PV enzymes may occur through minimal changes of critical residues. Convergent evolution is often responsible for the ability of distally related species to synthesize the same volatile.
R/DWD

Summary: R/DWD is an extensible package for classification. It is built based on a recently developed powerful classification method called distance weighted discrimination (DWD). DWD is related to, and has been shown to be superior to, the support vector machine in situations that are fundamental to bioinformatics, such as very high dimensional data. DWD has proven to be very useful for several fundamental bioinformatics tasks, including classification, data visualization and removal of biases, such as batch effects. Earlier DWD implementations, however, relied on Matlab, which is not free and requires a license. The major contribution of the R/DWD package is an implementation that is completely in R and thus can be used without any requirements for licensing or software purchase. In addition, R/DWD also provides efficient solvers for second-order-cone-programming and quadratic programming. Availability and implementation: The package is freely available from cran.r-project.org. Contact:hanwen.huang@uth.tmc.edu; Perry_Haaland@bd.com Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Morphological development during injection molding of self-reinforcing composites. II: Numerical simulations and analytical predictions

In this study, combined numerical simulation of injection molding and analytical calculations have been used to determine the velocity and elongational strain in the advancing melt front (AMF) region, during the molding of PET/LCP blends, at various injection molding conditions. A model is proposed that establishes the relationship between the aspect ratio of LCP fibers and elongational strain, based on the assumption of an affine deformation of the LCP domains. This model enables us to predict the processing dependent morphology of injection molded PET/LCP blends. The effect of processing parameters on the morphology development during injection molding were investigated. The studies show that injection speed and mold temperature have significant effects on the morphological development of the blends, compared with the effect of the melt temperature. A good correlation between calculated and scanning electron microscopy results was obtained.
Enhancement of seed germination in high salinity by engineering mannitol expression in Arabidopsis thaliana

The bacterial gene mtlD, which encodes mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.17), was transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana and expressed under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. MtlD-transformants accumulated mannitol, a sugar alcohol that is not normally found in Arabidopsis. Amounts of soluble carbohydrates, sucrose, glucose, fructose, myo-inositol and mannitol were determined in different tissues of wild-type and transgenic plants. We estimated that less than 1% of the carbon assimilated was converted into mannitol by the transgenic plants. The establishment of individual transformed lines (after self-crossing three times) resulted in high and low mannitol-producing lines which were stably maintained. The presence of mannitol did not alter plant appearance or growth habit. When MtlD-expressing seeds and control seeds (T3 generation) were imbibed with solutions containing NaCl (range 0 to 400 mol m -3 ), transgenic seeds containing mannitol germinated in medium supplemented with up to 400 mol m -3 NaCl, while control seeds ceased germination at 100 mol m -3 NaCl. It is doubtful whether the ability to germinate in high salt was a result of an osmotic effect exerted by elevated levels of mannitol, considering that mannitol concentrations were in the mol m -3 range in seeds. A specific effect of polyols, for example on the integrity of subcellular membranes or enzymes, cannot be excluded.
Structural Properties of Recycled HDPE Plastic Lumber Decking Planks

Plastic lumber is being used to replace wooden lumber in some construction applications, especially in outdoor applications where the plastic lumber is presumed to weather better than the wood. However, the structural properties of the plastic lumber are not well understood, and the use of plastic lumber in structural applications is not authorized in the common building codes. Contractors who use plastic lumber in structural applications such as outdoor decks are in most cases violating the building codes. In this research effort, standard 1 2 6 tongue-in-grove plastic lumber planks were tested for many different structural properties. The tests were conducted at m 23.3°C to simulate winter conditions, and at 40.6°C to simulate summer conditions. In all cases the high temperature strength and stiffness was lower than at low temperature, so the high temperature values would determine the allowable strength and stiffness for design. The conclusion was that the plastic lumber is a good structural material, ...
Regularization Methods for Constrained Mechanical Multibody Systems

Die Bewegungsgleichungen holonomer Starrkorpersysteme besitzen den Index 3 und sind infolgedessen nicht mit Standardverfahren fur gewohnliche Differentialgleichungen oder Algebro-Differentialgleichungen losbar. Gegenwartig sind eine Reihe von Regularisierungsmethoden vorgeschlagen worden, diese Systeme zu approximieren [1, 18, 15, 13]. Da die Methoden von unterschiedlichsten Standpunkten aus vorgeschlagen wurden, gibt es bisher noch keinen Versuch, sie hinsichtlich ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften, moglicher Invarianz unter Diffeomorphismen und Konvergenzverhalten zu vergleichen. lm vorliegenden Artikel wird gezeigt, das diese Methoden eng verbunden sind. Insbesondere erweist sich der Zugang in [1] als identisch mit den Linearisierungen der Vorschlage in [15, 13], die wiederum fast identisch sind. Diese Methoden sind invariant unter Koordinatentransformationen, wahrend dies fur [16, 17] nicht gilt. Die Methoden konnen leicht auf den allgemeineren Fall von Index-3-Systemen in Hessenberg-Form erweitert werden. Konvergenzeigenschaften der Methoden werden im Rahmen der Theorie singularer Storungen gezeigt. The equations of motion of multibody systems with holonomic constraints are of index 3 and therefore not directly solvable by standard ODE or DAE methods. Until now, a number of regularization methods has been proposed to treat these systems [1, 18, 15, 13], but as they are based on different points of view they have never been compared with respect to their physical properties, invariance under diffeormorphisms, and convergence behaviour. In this paper we show that these methods are closely related. Especially, the approach in [1] can be seen to be identical with the linearized form of [15, 13], which are almost identical. These methods are invariant under coordinate transformations, but this is not the case for [16, 17]. The methods [1, 17] can be easily extended to the slightly more general case of index 3 systems in Hessenberg form. Convergence properties of the methods are discussed in the framework of singular perturbation theory.
“Is always that sense of wanting … never really being satisfied”: Women’s Quotidian Struggles With Food Insecurity in a Hispanic Community in New Mexico

In this article, we explore women’s everyday experiences with food insecurity. Women’s narratives from a Hispanic community in New Mexico depict the poignant struggles women confront as they actively engage with buffering the experience of hunger to hide scarcity and mask and cope with emotional distress. These data give us a lens for understanding women’s lives in the context of disparity as it relates to food insecurity as a public health issue and provide a way to conceptualize how social determinants operate and integrate with quotidian life activities and processes.
AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B

Aasld Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Norah Terrault;Natalie Bzowej;Kyong-Mi Chang;Jessica Hwang;Maureen Jonas;Hassan Murad; Hepatology
Determination of the Scaled Optical Thickness of Clouds from Reflected Solar Radiation Measurements

A method for determination of scaled optical thickness from reflected solar radiation measurements is described in which measurements of the reflected function are compared with asymptotic expressions for the reflection function of optically thick layers. Analytic formulas are derived which show the dependence of the reflection and transmission functions of nonabsorbing atmospheres on cloud optical thickness, ground albedo, and the asymmetry factor. An expression is derived which shows that the ground albedo produces a constant bias in the derived optical thickness, regardless of the value of the measured reflection function. Results from an analysis of high-resolution images, obtained in Oklahoma, of the reflection function of clouds shows the impact of details of the single scattering phase function on the derived optical thickness.
A possible juvenile ceratopsoid ilium from the Cenomanian of central Utah, U.S.A.

Abstract We describe a small ilium, with fibrous texture characteristic of juvenile bone, from the lower Cenomanian of central Utah, U.S.A. The ilium was recovered from the upper part of the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation. The ilium most closely resembles that of immature ceratopsid ilia referred to Agujaceratops mariscalensis from the Campanian Aguja Formation of southern Texas, U.S.A. Both have everted dorsal margins over the iliac body, subhorizontal postacetabular processes, and laterally compressed, anteroventrally curved preacetabular processes. If correctly identified, the small ilium from the Cedar Mountain Formation is the oldest ceratopsid or ceratopsoid known, and shows that the diversity of early ceratopsians was greater than previously realized.
Theoretical Calculation of the Binding Energy of O 16

The second-order perturbation procedure of Bolsterli and Feenberg is applied to the ground state of ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$. The two-body interaction operator employed has a Serber exchange character with repulsive core and tensor component, determined to give a reasonable fit to the properties of ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$, ${\mathrm{H}}^{3}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, and ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ to the accuracy of the perturbation procedure. The resulting eigenstate for ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ is found to have energy eigenvalue -129.2 Mev and rms radius 2.33\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm. Coulomb forces are neglected. Components in the wave function different from the zero-order shell-model state are found to have a statistical weight of about 18%.
Gene targeting and transgene stacking using intra genomic homologous recombination in plants

Modern agriculture has created a demand for plant biotechnology products that provide durable resistance to insect pests, tolerance of herbicide applications for weed control, and agronomic traits tailored for specific geographies. These transgenic trait products require a modular and sequential multigene stacking platform that is supported by precise genome engineering technology. Designed nucleases have emerged as potent tools for creating targeted DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Exogenously supplied donor DNA can repair the targeted DSB by a process known as gene targeting (GT), resulting in a desired modification of the target genome. The potential of GT technology has not been fully realized for trait deployment in agriculture, mainly because of inefficient transformation and plant regeneration systems in a majority of crop plants and genotypes. This challenge of transgene stacking in plants could be overcome by Intra-Genomic Homologous Recombination (IGHR) that converts independently segregating unlinked donor and target transgenic loci into a genetically linked molecular stack. The method requires stable integration of the donor DNA into the plant genome followed by intra-genomic mobilization. IGHR complements conventional breeding with genetic transformation and designed nucleases to provide a flexible transgene stacking and trait deployment platform.
Bodyweight Perceptions Among Texas Women: The Effects of Religion, Race/Ethnicity, and Citizenship Status

Despite previous work exploring linkages between religious participation and health, little research has looked at the role of religion in affecting bodyweight perceptions. Using the theoretical model developed by Levin et al. (Sociol Q 36(1):157–173, 1995) on the multidimensionality of religious participation, we develop several hypotheses and test them by using data from the 2004 Survey of Texas Adults. We estimate multinomial logistic regression models to determine the relative risk of women perceiving themselves as overweight. Results indicate that religious attendance lowers risk of women perceiving themselves as very overweight. Citizenship status was an important factor for Latinas, with non-citizens being less likely to see themselves as overweight. We also test interaction effects between religion and race. Religious attendance and prayer have a moderating effect among Latina non-citizens so that among these women, attendance and prayer intensify perceptions of feeling less overweight when compared to their white counterparts. Among African American women, the effect of increased church attendance leads to perceptions of being overweight. Prayer is also a correlate of overweight perceptions but only among African American women. We close with a discussion that highlights key implications from our findings, note study limitations, and several promising avenues for future research.
Association of Psychological Disorders With 30-Day Readmission Rates in Patients With COPD.

Background There is a growing understanding of the prevalence and impact of psychological disorders on COPD. However, the role of these disorders in early readmission is unclear. Methods We analyzed data from 5% fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with COPD ( International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code, 491.xx, 492.xx, 493.xx, and 496.xx) between 2001 and 2011 who were hospitalized with a primary discharge diagnosis of COPD or a primary discharge diagnosis of respiratory failure (518.xx and 799.1) with secondary diagnosis of COPD. We hypothesized that such psychological disorders as depression, anxiety, psychosis, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse are independently associated with an increased risk of 30-day readmission in patients hospitalized for COPD. Results Between 2001 and 2011, 135,498 hospitalizations occurred for COPD in 80,088 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries. Of these, 30,218 (22.30%) patients had one or more psychological disorders. In multivariate analyses, odds of 30-day readmission were higher in patients with COPD who had depression (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.29-1.39), anxiety (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.37-1.50), psychosis (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10-1.27), alcohol abuse (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.47), and drug abuse (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.11-1.50) compared with those who did not have these disorders. These psychological disorders increased amount of variation in 30-day readmission attributed to patient characteristics by 37%. Conclusions Psychological disorders like depression, anxiety, psychosis, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse are independently associated with higher all-cause 30-day readmission rates for Medicare beneficiaries with COPD.
Internet, Listserv, and Electronic Mail Usage by Student Affairs Professionals:

While use of the Internet and electronic mail has increased tremendously in recent years, almost nothing is known about how administrators in higher education use the technology. Through a survey o...
Metabolic Fate of Injected C14-Phytosterols.

SummaryData are presented on the comparative tissue distribution of C14-free and esterified sterols following injection of cho-lesterol-4-C14 and C14-phytosterols to normal and bile-fistula rats. At the end of 24 hours a large proportion of the injected C14-phytosterols and cholesterol-4-C14 was recovered in the liver. All tissues examined (serum, liver, small intestine and adrenal) showed the presence of esterified C14-phytosterols, but less was esterified than with cholesterol-4-C14. A much larger proportion of the injected C14-phytosterols was recovered in the feces and intestinal contents than in the cholesterol-4-C14 group. Conversion of the injected C14-phytosterols to bile acid was observed; a larger proportion of the injected C14-activity was recovered in the bile as C14-sterol than with injected cholesterol-4-C14. No conversion of C14-phytosterols to cholesterol or related sterols could be demonstrated.
Depression Red Cell Iron Turnover by Transfusion

Summary(1) A profound decrease in the red cell iron turnover occurred after experimental increase in the red cell volume of rats. (2) A major portion of the tracer was found in the liver at necropsy.
Etiologic Organisms as Independent Predictors of Death and Morbidity Associated with Bloodstream Infections

We studied 385 episodes of nosocomial bloodstream infections occurring over 45 months to ascertain if the etiologic organisms were independent predictors of death and morbidity. Independent predictors of death included respiratory failure, oliguria, metabolic acidosis, hypotension, increased age, antibiotic therapy in cases where susceptibility data were unknown, and infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. If parameters associated with septic shock were excluded, increased age, severity of disease, and infection with Candida spp. or P. aeruginosa predicted death. Infection with P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae predicted hypotension; severity of disease, polymicrobial infection, and infection with Candida spp., Enterococcus, Enterobacter, or Serratia marcescens predicted oliguria; infection with Candida spp. or P. aeruginosa, increased age, severity of disease, and inability to meet hospital financial obligations without assistance predicted respiratory failure. Inability to meet hospital financial obligations without assistance and severity of disease predicted hypothermia; infection with Candida spp. or P. aeruginosa and sex (male) predicted metabolic acidosis.
A quarter century of management research in South Asia – I

Purpose – Research from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka has received relatively less attention of management scholars. To date, there has been no major review of the content of management research in these rapidly growing economies. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap by reviewing management research in these six countries over a 25-year period from 1990 to 2014. Design/methodology/approach – An electronic search of 11 databases was carried out using 53 search terms pertaining to the field of management. Only articles in journals rated A*, A, or B by the Australian Business Deans Council and either Q1 or Q2 in the Scopus/Imago ratings were included in the study. The articles were then classified as belonging to one of the divisions of the Academy of Management. Results are presented in thematic clusters, highlighting the major focus of management research in these countries. Findings – A total of 211 articles were identified as a result of the search process. T...
Mechanistic Study for Facile Electrochemical Patterning of Surfaces with Metal Oxides

Reactive interface patterning promoted by lithographic electrochemistry serves as a method for generating submicrometer scale structures. We use a binary-potential step on a metallic overlayer on silicon to fabricate radial patterns of cobalt oxide on the nanoscale. The mechanism for pattern formation has heretofore been ill-defined. The binary potential step allows the electrochemical boundary conditions to be controlled such that initial conditions for a scaling analysis are afforded. With the use of the scaling analysis, a mechanism for producing the observed pattern geometry is correlated to the sequence of electrochemical steps involved in the formation of the submicrometer structures. The patterning method is facile and adds to electrochemical micromachining techniques employing a silicon substrate.
Impaired sensorimotor feedback in functional movement disorder: a resting state fMRI study (P6.080)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the neural mechanisms underlying lack of self-agency in patients with functional movement disorder (FMD). BACKGROUND: The abnormal movements produced by patients with FMD are generated by normal voluntary motor pathways, but are strikingly perceived by patients as being involuntary. This lack of self-agency is one of the key features of FMD. The right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) has been proposed to play an important role in self-agency by comparing internal predictions of movement with actual external events, acting as a “mismatch detector”. Task-based fMRI studies have previously demonstrated hypoactivity of the right TPJ in FMD patients; however, this region has not been examined in the resting state in these patients. DESIGN/METHODS: Resting state multi-echo BOLD fMRI and MP-RAGE images were obtained in 29 patients with clinically definite FMD and 32 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using a 3T Skyra Siemens scanner. Pre-processing was performed using the AFNI tool meica.py. Group-wise comparison between FMD patients and healthy controls was performed using AFNI GroupInstaCorr with the right TPJ as seed region-of-interest. RESULTS: As compared to controls, FMD patients demonstrated decreased functional connectivity (p<0.05 corrected) between the right TPJ and the bilateral postcentral gyri, right supplementary motor area (SMA), right posterior cingulate, right superior temporal gyrus, and left fusiform gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the altered functional connectivity between the right TPJ and the above-mentioned sensorimotor regions reflects impaired feedforward and/or feedback with the brain’s “mismatch detector”, and may contribute to the reduced sense of agency in FMD patients. Disclosure: Dr. Maurer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Horovitz has nothing to disclose. Dr. LaFaver has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hallett has received personal compensation for activities with Neurotoxin Institute, Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, Wiley-Blackwell, and Springer.
Development of Ship Formation Operational Visual Simulation System

Considering the complexity and changeability of the ship formation operational visual simulation system,the following techniques were introduced.Increment model was put forward to build 3D models.Based on the formation configure file,XML was proposed as a standard in data management which accomplished the recombination of the simulation entity and its attemper relation in different assumes.Aiming at the desire of large dataflow,quick exchange for visual simulation and the different communication protocols in the system,the memory mapping mechanism and virtual shared memory were applied in program,and a visual data interface design method which can adapt various data communications was presented.The visible models of all sort of invisible physical quantities were built.The system meets the need of real time and reality and can be applied in the development of weapon equipment visual simulation system.
Multiple valve replacement with the fresh aortic homograft.

Summary Clinical and laboratory experience with fresh aortic homografts would indicate that they are the best available substitute for damaged intracardiac valves. This experience led to their use for multiple valve replacement in 6 human beings. The aortic replacement is sutured directly into the recipient annulus whereas the mitral and tricuspid valve homograft must first be secured to a specifically designed support ring. There were no deaths in the series and all patients show marked improvement. All patients have discontinued anticoagulants after 2 to 3 months and there are no episodes of thromboembolism. As with most clinical homograft valve series, there is a significant incidence of mild aortic insufficiency. It is postulated that this phenomenon, unlike the experimental series, is primarily a mechanical problem relating to homograft size and recipient aortic root configuration. If valve supply is adequate, sterility is guaranteed, and the proper cusp orientation and support assured, the ideal valve replacement is available in the fresh aortic homograft.
Remobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in healthy donors for allogeneic transplantation.

BACKGROUND The need to repeat peripheral blood (PB) stem cell mobilization and collection in healthy donors arises infrequently but may be required due to insufficient initial collection, graft failure, or relapse of the recipient's disease. Little data exist on the efficacy of remobilization. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed 18 years of remobilization records from healthy stem cell donors at our institution. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We identified 62 healthy donors who underwent remobilization, a cohort of 30 mobilized and remobilized with cytokines and a cohort of 32 mobilized with a CXCR4 antagonist and remobilized with cytokines. For each cohort we compared the PB CD34+/L level, the number of CD34+ cells collected/kg (recipient weight), and the number of CD34+ cells/L collected on the first day of leukapheresis during initial mobilization and remobilization. RESULTS Initial mobilization with cytokines was associated with reduced remobilization. The mean PB CD34/L level at initial mobilization was 69 × 106 compared to 37 × 106 at remobilization (p = 0.029). In contrast, initial mobilization with a CXCR4 antagonist was not associated with reduced remobilization. The mean PB CD34/L level at initial mobilization was 15 × 106 compared to 68 × 106 at remobilization (p < 0.001). In both cohorts, initial mobilization results were positively correlated with remobilization results but the interval between was not. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that poor remobilization yields may be due to decreased efficacy of cytokines after repeat exposure. The underlying mechanism of these findings remains unclear and further studies are needed.
Memory and cognitive control circuits in mathematical cognition and learning

Numerical cognition relies on interactions within and between multiple functional brain systems, including those subserving quantity processing, working memory, declarative memory, and cognitive control. This chapter describes recent advances in our understanding of memory and control circuits in mathematical cognition and learning. The working memory system involves multiple parietal-frontal circuits which create short-term representations that allow manipulation of discrete quantities over several seconds. In contrast, hippocampal-frontal circuits underlying the declarative memory system play an important role in formation of associative memories and binding of new and old information, leading to the formation of long-term memories that allow generalization beyond individual problem attributes. The flow of information across these systems is regulated by flexible cognitive control systems which facilitate the integration and manipulation of quantity and mnemonic information. The implications of recent research for formulating a more comprehensive systems neuroscience view of the neural basis of mathematical learning and knowledge acquisition in both children and adults are discussed.
Paget’s Disease

Mammary Paget’s disease was first described by Sir James Paget in 1874. Mammary Paget’s disease is an uncommon condition, representing about 1–4.3 % of all breast cancers. Extramammary Paget’s disease was first described by Radcliffe Crocker in 1889. There are currently two theories that postulate the development of Paget’s disease. The epidermotropic (ductal) theory holds that the Paget cells are duct cancer cells that have migrated along the basement membrane of the underlying ducts to the epidermis of the nipple. The second theory, in situ malignant transformation or degeneration from existing cells, postulates that the Paget cell is a malignant keratinocyte in situ; thus, this theory defines Paget’s disease as an in situ carcinoma without underlying cancer of the breast.
A Feminist Technoscientific Approach to Disability and Caregiving in the Family

The goal of this chapter is to propose productive ways to merge scholarship in feminist disability studies and science and technology studies in order to better account for the ways in which medical knowledge and medical technologies influence caregiving patterns in the home. In drawing together these literatures on gender, technology, and disability, I propose that we might undertake new ways of critically analyzing care. Intimate interactions involved in care are technologically mediated, sophisticated, and embodied; thus, we cannot begin to understand care without understanding the medicalized, biotechnological context in which it is taking place. Rather than being an endorsement of seeing disability strictly in the context of health or medical knowledge/technologies, this chapter is driven by curiosity: How do scientific thinking and health-related technologies infuse the intimate labor of caregiving? How does this affect all people’s lives, including both disabled and nondisabled providers and recipients of care? Rather than seeking to undermine the social and political aspects of disability, this chapter suggests expanding the scope of disability studies analysis to include science, medicine, and technology.