cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute arthritis secondary to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for bladder cancer

Abstract Introduction We sought to identify the prevalence, presentation, treatment, and prognosis of acute arthritis secondary to intravesical bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for bladder cancer. Methods We performed a structured, systematic review of the English language literature pertaining to BCG and reactive arthritis among bladder cancer patients. We extracted data pertaining to prevalence, presentation, management, and prognosis. Results We extracted 23 individual case reports and 4 review articles. Thirty-nine patients—31 (80%) male and 8 (20%) female—were described in these publications; we also identified 1 patient from our institution. Although prevalence estimates of reactive arthritis range from 0.5% to 1.0% of all bladder cancer patients receiving BCG, the true prevalence remains unclear. Polyarthritis (68%) and fever (58%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Among patients presenting with joint pain, the knees (41%), ankles (26%), and wrists (19%) were most often affected. The most common time of presentation was immediately following the 4th instillation of a 6-week induction course (25%). Initial therapy in 100% of patients was discontinuation of BCG. Other therapies included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (25%); steroids (8%); anti-tubercular medications (8%); and combined NSAIDs, steroids, and anti-tubercular medications (20%). Conclusions Reactive arthritis is an infrequent but potentially severe complication of intravesical BCG for bladder cancer that typically presents with polyarthritis and fever during induction. The most common treatments include immediate discontinuation of BCG and systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. Further studies are needed to determine prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term prognosis.
Dynamics of Free Surfaces in Random Porous Media

We consider free surface flow in random porous media by treating hydraulic conductivity of a medium as a random field with known statistics. We start by recasting the boundary-value problem in the form of an integral equation where the parameters and domain of integration are random. Our analysis of this equation consists of expanding the random integrals in Taylor's series about the mean position of the free boundary and taking the ensemble mean. To quantify the uncertainty associated with such predictions, we also develop a set of integro-differential equations satisfied by the corresponding second ensemble moments. The resulting moment equations require closure approximations to be workable. We derive such closures by means of perturbation expansions in powers of the variance of the logarithm of hydraulic conductivity. Though this formally limits our solutions to mildly heterogeneous porous media, our analytical solutions for one-dimensional flows demonstrate that such perturbation expansions may remai...
Mitochondrial RNA processing in trypanosomes.

The mitochondrial genome of trypanosomes is composed of ∼50 maxicircles and thousands of minicircles. Maxi-(∼25 kb) and mini-(∼1 kb)circles are catenated and packed into a dense structure called a kinetoplast. Both types of circular DNA are transcribed by a phage-like RNA polymerase: maxicircles yield multicistronic rRNA and mRNA precursors, while guide RNA (gRNA) precursors are produced from minicircles. To function in mitochondrial translation, pre-mRNAs must undergo a nucleolytic processing and 3′ modifications, and often uridine insertion/deletion editing. gRNAs, which represent short (50–60 nt) RNAs directing editing reactions, are produced by 3′ nucleolytic processing of a much longer precursor followed by 3′ uridylation. Ribosomal RNAs are excised from precursors and their 3′ ends are also trimmed and uridylated. All tRNAs are imported from the cytoplasm and some are further modified and edited in the mitochondrial matrix. Historically, the fascinating phenomenon of RNA editing has been extensively studied as an isolated pathway in which nuclear-encoded proteins mediate interactions of maxi- and minicircle transcripts to create open reading frames. However, recent studies unraveled a highly integrated network of mitochondrial genome expression including critical pre- and post-editing 3′ mRNA processing, and gRNA and rRNA maturation steps. Here we focus on RNA 3′ adenylation and uridylation as processes essential for biogenesis, stability and functioning of mitochondrial RNAs.
Institutionalizing University-Community Partnerships.

Sporadic government initiatives and successful individual demonstration universitycommunity partnership projects are of limited value unless they are incorporated into selfmaintaining institutional arrangements. This article is based on San Francisco State University's experience with the HUD-funded Bay Area Community Outreach Partnership Center and the academic literature on institutionalization of reforms within public sector bureaucracies. It argues that universities are well suited for certain partnership roles-convener, planner, and capacity builder-and not for others. True partnerships between universities and their communities must be built on mutual respect, equal status, and mutual give and take. Institutionalization of federally funded university-community partnerships must progress simultaneously at the federal and local levels. It must respond to the interests of community, university, and governmental stakeholders. At the local level, change in both the internal structure and the operating pr...
Before the Professional Project: Success and Failure at Creating an Organizational Representative for English Doctors

Theories of the professions do not sufficiently explain how individuals with different and often ill-defined interests can organize themselves into a group coherent enough to undertake a “professional project.” I suggest that concepts from institutional and organizational theory can help fill this gap and apply such concepts to one of the first professional projects, that of English doctors. In the early nineteenth century, two groups sought to become the organizational representative of the incipient profession. The first rapidly organized a sizeable fraction of practitioners and achieved some legislative success, but could not transform its early accomplishments into a position as the doctors' representative. The second had only moderate impact in its early years and was dismissed as politically irrelevant, but eventually united the profession and continues to this day as the British Medical Association. The professions literature, most of which is pitched at a broader level of analysis, does not provide theoretical tools to explain these divergent outcomes. I argue that they can be accounted for by analyzing English medicine as an institutional field. The groups' different structural locations within the field affected their trajectories, and a novel organizational model borrowed from an adjacent field helped the latter group keep doctors mobilized and achieve legitimacy. As a result, an unlikely–looking group of outsiders with limited resources was eventually able to lead a successful professional project, while an initially promising group fell by the wayside.
MIAMI: methods and infrastructure for the assurance of measurement information

Adversaries do not need to attack traditional security services to affect the operation of a sensor network, but may deliberately perturb the measurement environment, the measurement method, or the measurement infrastructure. These types of attacks, which are attacks on the process of measurement(PoM attacks), are unique to sensor networks and cannot be addressed through the usual security methods. Hence, to complement traditional security services, defense mechanisms are needed to protect the sensor network from PoM attacks. This paper lays out a framework for assuring the validity of measurement data in sensor networks. This framework, which we call the Methods and Infrastructure for the Assurance of Measurement Information (MIAMI), is centered around the development of the PoM monitor. The PoM monitor is responsible for preventing corrupted measurement data from ever reaching core sensor services. We map out several mechanisms for that might be useful for building the PoM monitor on sensor nodes, and examine how it would operate by applying the techniques to the detection of wireless interference in a sensor network.
SafeHull Application on Conversion of Existing Tankers to FPSOs

The ABS FPI Guide and the associated SH-FPSO software system have been in use for over 3 years in the design classification of FPSO new builds and conversion from existing tankers. This paper provides information regarding the classification process of FPSO conversion in an effort to address the needs of the client. It highlights the two typical conversion processes — the basic Ordinary Conversion and the optional SH(CS) Conversion. The paper focuses on the submittal data required and the structural review process as carried out by the classification society. It also discusses some of the technical perspectives as a result of the experience gained/lessons learned from the reviews which have been performed to date.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
LH and Non‐SHBG Testosterone and Estradiol Levels During Testosterone Replacement of Hypogonadal Men: Further Evidence That Steroid Negative Feedback Increases as Men Grow Older

Previous evidence suggests that the testicular negative feedback control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion may change as men age, and may thereby contribute to the hypogonadism that occurs as men grow older. To pursue this idea, we analyzed the results for 35 men with primary hypogonadism who were participants in an open-label multicenter study of testosterone replacement. LH, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and total and free testosterone and estradiol concentrations were measured in blood samples at baseline and after 2% testosterone gel was applied daily for 2 weeks. A 24-hour pharmacokinetic profile for testosterone and estradiol was obtained at the end of week 2. Age was a strong predictor of LH suppression during testosterone replacement (r = -0.46), and the effect could not be explained by obesity, SHBG, or higher levels of total or non-SHBG testosterone or estradiol during treatment. In fact, both LH and non-SHBG testosterone levels were lower (P < .05) in older men receiving testosterone treatment. In addition, the strongest association overall was between the percentage decline in LH and non-SHBG estradiol concentrations (r = -0.39). These data provide further evidence that suppression of LH secretion during testosterone treatment is greater as men age, and are consistent with the hypothesis that the hypogonadism of aging men is partly due to a change in gonadotropin negative feedback regulation. These results further suggest that estrogen receptor signaling might contribute to this effect.
Degradation of DL-leucine with longitudinally polarised electrons

MOLECULAR asymmetry represents a striking characteristic of living organisms and their products. The precise mechanism(s) involved in the origin of this asymmetry in nature is not known, although Vester1 and Ulbricht2 proposed that it may have originated through preferential destruction of one enantiomer of a racemic mixture by spin-polarised electrons arising from β-decay, or circularly polarised bremsstrahlung produced during their deceleration. However, tests of this hypothesis have yielded results which were either negative or, at best, of borderline significance3. Recently, however, Bonner et al.4,5 reported the asymmetric degradation of the amino acid DL-leucine on irradiation with a beam of longitudinally polarised 120-keV electrons (degree of polarisation 10–27%). Electrons polarised with their spins antiparallel (AP) to their momenta were reported to cause preferential destruction of the D-enantiomer. Moreover, the L-enantiomer of leucine was reported to be preferentially destroyed by electrons polarised with their spins parallel (P) to their momenta. These results were of special interest as electrons emitted in β-decay have AP spins and also it is the L-isomer of leucine which occurs in nature. The precise physical processes responsible for such an asymmetric degradation remain unclear. We report here that using an electron source6 which provides a much higher degree of polarisation (typically 43%), we have reinvestigated the effect of irradiation of DL-leucine with longitudinally polarised electrons. In particular, the increased spin polarisation was expected to result in a more pronounced asymmetric degradation. However, no asymmetric decomposition was observed.
Effects of nutrition on the composition of tooth lipids and fatty acids in rats. 3. Effects of feeding different oils and fats on caries and on fatty acid composition of teeth.

Caries incidence was generally lower in rats fed a cariogenic diet that contained four different oils and fats at a 9% level than in those fed a diet with a 3% level of the same oil or fat. The amount of linoleic acid in pooled samples of dentin and enamel extracted from the molars and incisors was related to the amount of linoleic acid in the diet.
Evolutionary theory meets cognitive psychology: A more selective perspective

L. Cosmides and J. Tooby, leaders in the field of evolutionary psychology, have claimed that an evolutionary perspective toward psychology requires both that psychologists conceive of psychological processes as domain specific and that psy- chologists view all adaptive behavior as the product of cognition. In fact, we argue, an evolutionary perspective commits psychology to neither of these positions. The real value of evolutionary theory for psychology, we contend, lies in the heuristic role it plays in determining the function of psychological mechanisms and in the depth it contributes to explanations of why psychological processes have the proper- ties they do. Quite unexpectedly, cognitive psychologists find their field inti- mately connected to a whole new intellectual landscape that had previously seemed remote, unfamiliar, and all but irrelevant. Yet the proliferating connections tying together the cognitive and evol- utionary communities promise to transform both fields, with each supplying necessary principles, methods, and a species of rigor that the other lacks. (Cosmides and Tooby, 1994, p. 85) Recent years have seen a growing movement to wed evolutionary theory to cognitive psychology, and among the matchmakers pushing for this mar- riage Cosmides and Tooby have been especially outspoken. We too think the match will be a fruitful one, but we disagree with C&T that the resulting union is likely to transform cognitive psychology in any drastic way. C&T, as well as other workers in what is sometimes called evolutionary psychology, are inclined to describe a Darwinized cognitive psychology as a radical departure from traditional cognitive psychology. In particular, C&T believe that an introduction of evolutionary thinking into cognitive psychology will
Effects of Antidepressants During Pregnancy and Lactation

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. A variety of different chemical structures have been found to have antidepressant activity. The number is constantly growing; however, as yet, no one group has been found to have a clear therapeutic advantage over the others. The major indication for antidepressant drugs is depression, but a number of side effects have been established by clinical experience and controlled trials. It is clear that, to some extent, any drug or chemical substance administered to the mother is able to cross the placenta unless it is destroyed or altered during metabolism. Placental transport of maternal substrates to the fetus and of substances from the fetus to the mother is established at about the fifth week of fetal life. Traditionally, teratogenic effects of antidepressants or other drugs have been noted as anatomic malformation. It is clear that these are dose- and time-related and that the fetus is at great risk during the first 3 months of gestation. However, it is possible for antidepressants to exert their effects on the fetus at other times during pregnancy as well as to infants during lactation. Administration of antidepressants to pregnant women presents a unique problem for the physician. Not only must maternal pharmacologic mechanisms be taken into consideration when prescribing an antidepressant drug, but the fetus must also be regarded as a potential recipient of the drug. Certain results are evident with regard to drugs administered during lactation. It is essential that physicians need to be aware of the results of animal studies in this area and of the potential risk of maternal drug ingestion to the suckling infant.
Numerical Study of the Heat Transfer Rate in a Helical Static Mixer

In chemical processing industries, heating, cooling, and other thermal processing of viscous fluids are an integral part of the unit operations. Static mixers are often used in continuous mixing, heat transfer, and chemical reactions applications. In spite of widespread usage, the flow physics of static mixers is not fully understood. For a given application, besides experimentation, the modern approach to resolve this is to use powerful computational fluid dynamics tools to study static mixer performance. This paper extends a previous study by the authors on an industrial helical static mixer and investigates heat transfer and mixing mechanisms within a helical static mixer. A three-dimensional finite volume simulation is used to study the performance of the mixer under both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. The turbulent flow cases were solved using k-ω model. The effects of different flow conditions on the performance of the mixer are studied. Also, the effects of different thermal boundary conditions on the heat transfer rate in static mixer are studied. Heat transfer rates for a flow in a pipe containing no mixer are compared to that with a helical static mixer.
Rate-dependent slip of Newtonian liquid at smooth surfaces.

Newtonian fluids were placed between molecularly smooth surfaces whose spacing was vibrated at spacings where the fluid responded as a continuum. Hydrodynamic forces agreed with predictions from the no-slip boundary condition only provided that flow rate (peak velocity normalized by spacing) was low, but implied partial slip when it exceeded a critical level, different in different systems, correlated with contact angle (surface wettability). With increasing flow rate and partially wetted surfaces, hydrodynamic forces became up to 2--4 orders of magnitude less than expected by assuming the no-slip boundary condition that is commonly stated in textbooks.
Advanced microcomputer-aided medical illustration

In a visually oriented field such as diagnostic radiology, illustrations, diagrams, and other types of art-work can complement verbal description and photographs, simplify the description of anatomic concepts, and add interest and aesthetic value to a presentation or manuscript. The vast potential of the microcomputer for creating high-quality art and graphics is being realized by the availability of high-level illustration programs running on fast computer systems. Advanced microcomputer applications for illustration have the tools to compose and execute drawings of virtually unlimited detail and complexity. Digitized images can be used as drawing templates or as components of finished art. Text is easily incorporated. Each individual element of a drawing can be changed or edited without altering other portions of the drawing. Finished art can be output to laserxerographic printers, film recorders, and photo imagesetters.
Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Perceived Relationships With Important Others in Adolescents

We examined associations between maternal-fetal attachment and the pregnant adolescent's perceived relationships with her mother and the baby's father. Questionnaires were administered in health department prenatal clinics to a sample of 61 Mexican-American, African-American, and Caucasian adolescents at 13 to 40 weeks' gestation. Each woman complete Cranley's maternal-fetal attachment scale (MFAS), an investigator-developed relationship with mother scale and a survey instrument that assessed living situation, perceptions of the relationship with the baby's father, and standard demographic variables. Scores on the MFAS significantly correlated with the adolescent's perceived close relationships with her mother and the baby's father, frequency of contact with the baby's father, gestation, and marital status. Mexican-American adolescents scored significantly lower on the MFAS than Caucasian adolescents. The scale needs further testing in multiethnic groups of adults and adolescents.
Predicting Verbal Coercion Following Sexual Refusal During a Hookup: Diverging Gender Patterns

This online study explored gender differences in affective reactions to sexual refusal during hookups and whether state or trait measures were the best predictors of verbal coercion. The Midwestern U.S. undergraduate sample included 220 men and 50 women previously in situations where they wanted more sexual contact than their heterosexual partner desired. Women reported stronger negative responses on several affect variables, suggesting that such refusals might have resulted in significant expectancy violations. Men reported more experience in handling refusals, consistent with traditional sexual scripts. Logistic regression analyses revealed that dominant men were more likely to coerce when angry or confused, whereas hostile women were more likely to coerce when feeling rejected. The results have important implications for sexual coercion prevention efforts.
Structural evolution of octyltriethoxysilane films on glass surfaces during annealing at elevated temperature.

Abstract Glass samples treated by octyltriethoxysilane were annealed for times ranging from 0 to 16 h, and their topography, adhesion, and stiffness properties were examined using pulsed-force mode (PFM) atomic force microscopy. While the surfaces of samples dried at room temperature were structurally featureless, those annealed at 145°C showed formation of islands, increasing in size and number with heating time. PFM adhesion and stiffness maps suggested that the glass substrate remained at least partially covered by silanes even after island formation.
Measurement of Attenuation In Composite Media

k is wavenumber: Composite media are being investigated at the Seismic Acoustics Laboratory in order to assess their utility in conB is particle radius, structing realistic scaled models of geologic structures. The P-wave Q of these composite media can be continuously varied u is the ratio of particle density to fluid density, to encompass a range of intermediate values. This variation in Q is accomplished by changing the volume fraction and dis=&(I+&), ameter of the particles embedded in the matrix. Experiments have been conducted to test a theoretical model for predictr=;+J?ing attenuation in these media against actual measurement8 at 4pa’
The Information Superhighway-Are Management Faculty Still Parked in the Driveway?

The Internet, which began as a vehicle for scholars to convey ideas in an open forum, in real time and free of geographic confines, currently is viewed as a World Wide Web of computer networks carrying everything from books to stock trades almost at the speed of thought. In this article, the authors raise the question of how far academics have come in applying the technology that they pioneered. To explore the use of Web-based teaching methods among U.S. business schools, the authors ask the following questions: How many (and what types of) course materials are available to students accessing information via the Internet? Have faculty discovered the on-ramp to the information superhighway or are they still parked in their own driveways?
Letter by Rottenberg regarding article "Improved neurological outcome with continuous chest compressions compared with 30:2 compressions-to-ventilations cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a realistic swine model of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest"

Ewy and colleagues1 published an animal study of witnessed out-of-hospital sudden ventricular fibrillation that compared 24-hour neurologically normal survival in swine receiving continuous-chest-compression (CCC CPR) versus swine receiving CPR with a compression/ventilation ratio of 30:2 (30:2 CPR). They concluded that the rate of neurologically normal survival 24 hours after resuscitation in animals receiving CCC CPR was significantly better than that in animals receiving 30:2 CPR. However, that study does not realistically simulate human bystander CPR in the majority of cardiac arrest victims. Moreover, the results of the human study2 cited by Ewy et al likely only suggests that CCC CPR is more effective for out-of-home arrests. In …
Transoral technique for rigid fixation of sagittal ramus osteotomies.

Cet article decrit une technique simple pour forer des trous osseux et placer des vis bicorticaux entierement par voie buccale. La technique un temps operatoire moins long, moins d'instruments et elimine la necessite d'une incision de peau
Ocular histopathology and ultrastructure of Morquio syndrome (systemic mucopolysaccharidosis IV A)

Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV) is a hereditary lysosomal storage disease characterized by dwarfism, spondyloepiphyseal and dental abnormalities, corneal opacification, and normal intelligence. We report the light and electron microscopic features of two patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type IV A (MPS IV A). Variable degrees of mucopolysaccharide deposition were seen in tissue surveyed by light microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated fibrillogranular and multimembranous membrane-bound inclusions distributed primarily in the cornea and trabecular meshwork, to a milder degree in the conjunctiva and sclera, and rarely in the retinal pigment epithelium. Our findings indicate that the accumulation of mucopolysaccharide in MPS IV A occurs primarily in the structures of the anterior segment.
Detection of mycoplasma contamination in cultured human fibroblasts: Comparison of biochemical and microbiological techniques

Abstract Eighteen human fibroblast strains were tested for mycoplasma contamination by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 3H-uridine labeled RNA and by standard microbiological culture techniques. Despite negative culture results, prominent 23S and 16S RNA peaks were detected in 11 of these cell strains. The mycoplasma origin of this RNA was indicated by electron microscopic demonstration of these organisms. Another indication of contamination was the decreased specific radioactivity of whole cell RNA extracted from cell strains infected with mycoplasma.
Reliability and security: the NERC new standards development process

The August 14, 2003 blackout is expected to have a significant impact on the North American Electric Reliability Council's (NERC) reliability standards. The voluntary compliance and peer pressure NERC depended on for years to ensure compliance to its reliability rules are no longer sufficient to ensure reliable performance. The performance standards also need to be objective and measurable, and they must be developed in an open, inclusive, balanced and fair manner. The process also needs to be able to accommodate market solutions and business practices. NERC's new standards process is intended to establish standards necessary for reliable system operation and acceptable to industry participants. In the meantime, while new or revised reliability standards are being developed, NERC's existing planning standards and operating policies continue to be in effect until they are replaced by the new reliability standards.
Oil Pollution in the Marine Environment II: Fates and Effects of Oil Spills

Part I of this three-part set of articles focused on the various types and amounts of oil inputs to the marine environment. The complexity of the mixture of chemicals making up crude oils, fuel oil...
Sensitivities of Cumulus-Ensemble Rainfall in a Cloud-Resolving Model with Parameterized Large-Scale Dynamics

Abstract The problem of closure in cumulus parameterization requires an understanding of the sensitivities of convective cloud systems to their large-scale setting. As a step toward such an understanding, this study probes some sensitivities of a simulated ensemble of convective clouds in a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM). The ensemble is initially in statistical equilibrium with a steady imposed background forcing (cooling and moistening). Large-scale stimuli are imposed as horizontally uniform perturbations nudged into the model fields over 10 min, and the rainfall response of the model clouds is monitored. In order to reduce a major source of artificial insensitivity in the CRM, a simple parameterization scheme is devised to account for heating-induced large-scale (i.e., domain averaged) vertical motions that would develop in nature but are forbidden by the periodic boundary conditions. The effects of this large-scale vertical motion are parameterized as advective tendency terms that are ap...
What is fatigue? Pathological and nonpathological fatigue.

Abstract Aid in understanding issues surrounding the construct validity of fatigue including the distinction between pathological versus nonpathological fatigue. Fatigue is a universal symptom reported by individuals in the general population as well as by those suffering from different medical and psychological illnesses, including cancer, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, and anxiety. Chronic fatigue is a significant problem in many primary care settings, and the debilitating and prolonged nature of fatigue can pose significant economic consequences for society. Researchers have struggled to better assess and understand the etiology and classification of fatigue within different illness groups.
Cervical osteomyelitis after percutaneous transtracheal ventilation and tracheotomy.

Background Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation has proven useful in emergent airway management. Methods A report of a case is presented. Results A 42-year-old woman who developed laryngospasm required emergency airway intervention. She developed massive subcutaneous emphysema and required emergent cricothyroidotomy which was immediately converted to a tracheotomy. Although she was quickly decanulated, she developed late cervical osteomyelitis which resolved with intravenous antibiotic therapy. Conclusions Cervical osteomyelitis has not been previously reported as a complication of percutaneous transtracheal ventilation or tracheotomy. Contamination of the deep neck spaces facilitated by pressure dissection of the fascial planes may have led to this complication. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Norman E. Shumway, MD, PhD: visionary, innovator, humorist.

Born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in 1923, Norman Edward Shumway, Jr, and his parents (Laura Vandervliet Shumway and Norman Edward Shumway, Sr) moved to Jackson, Michigan, when he was 1 year of age. His parents’ business was operating ‘‘The Home Dairy,’’ which consisted of the dairy in the back section and a diner up front. He went to the local grade school and was influenced early in a potential career in medicine when one of his classmates died of appendicitis. At Jackson High School, Dr Shumway was active on the debate team. His team was highly successful and won the Michigan state championship in his senior year and then placed second in a district contest. He was valedictorian of his class. His yearbook picture (Figure 1) was accompanied by a statement that said, ‘‘Norman Shumway, Jr—a man of few words but great meaning.’’ This statement would be prophetic in Dr Shumway’s career. His individuality was also demonstrated at an early age when as a 10-year-old boy, he went topless swimming in the local pool and was promptly ejected. This, of course, occurred in 1933 when tops of swimming suits were required for men. Dr Shumway’s love for the game of golf started in high school. He and his friends would hitchhike to a golf course outside of Ann Arbor where they would frequently caddy. This familiarity with Ann Arbor prompted him to apply to the University of Michigan. He enrolled as a pre-law student in the fall of 1941. In that year he also joined Phi Delta Gamma. He enlisted in the Army reserves in 1943 and was soon sent to John Tarleton, Jr, an Agricultural College in Stevensville, Texas. It was during this time that the Army gave all of the students a medical aptitude test. The last question on that test stated that if you passed the test, would you be more interested in medicine or dentistry? Dr Shumway said that, ‘‘Because he knew a little bit about the infantry, he was pretty sure they were going to need more doctors than dentists, so he marked medicine.’’ This turned out to be prophetic in that the dental part of the program was eventually closed, and all those individuals were
The effects of body size, starvation and temperature acclimation on oxygen consumption of the crayfish Orconectes nais

Abstract 1. 1. Both capacity and resistance adaptations were evident. 2. 2. Body size and starvation affected the capacity adaptation to temperature. 3. 3. Most of the differences in patterns of temperature acclimation of crayfish reported in the literature can be attributed to the degree to which the animals were starved. 4. 4. Temperature-insensitive zones in the M:T curves occurred only in starved crayfish. 5. 5. Time, temperature, feeding level, and their interactions, significantly affected water and lipid concentrations of whole animals. 6. 6. Lack of feeding rather than an internal nutrient level seemingly caused the reduced V2 of starved crayfish.
Cosmological transition periods

A method is given for continuously following a model of a universe that in its evolution makes a transition from one type of universe to another. As an illustration, a universe is considered that initially is radiation-dominated and then makes a transition to a final matter-dominated Einstein-de Sitter universe. The epoch when the universe changes from being radiation-dominated to being matter-dominated is found and is related to the epoch when radiation decouples from matter.
Study of the effects of ionic liquids on lipid bilayers

The formation of lipid bilayers between ionic liquid droplets is presented as a new means of forming functional bimolecular networks. Ionic liquids are molten salts that have a number of interesting properties, such as the ability to be a liquid at room temperature and exceedingly low vapor pressure. Our research demonstrates that it is possible to consistently and repeatable form lipid bilayers on droplets of ionic liquid solutions. Characterization of the bilayers interfaces shows that the ionic liquids have negligible effects on the stability and electrical properties of the bilayer. It is also shown that the conductance levels in the gating events of Alamethicin peptide are affected by some ionic liquids.
Degeneration of axons in the brainstem of the chinchilla after auditory overstimulation

The patterns of axonal degeneration following acoustic overstimulation of the cochlea were traced in the brainstem of adult chinchillas. The Nauta-Rasmussen method for axonal degeneration was used following survivals of 1-32 days after a 105 min exposure to an octave-band noise with a center frequency of 4 kHz and a sound pressure level of 108 dB. Hair-cell and myelinated nerve-fiber loss were assessed in the cochlea. The cochleotopic pattern of terminal degeneration in the ventral cochlear nucleus correlated with the sites of myelinated fiber and inner-hair-cell loss: this correlation was less rigorous with outer-hair-cell loss, especially in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. These results are consistent with a dystrophic process with a slow time course depending on hair-cell loss and/or direct cochlear nerve-fiber damage. However, in a number of cases with no damage in the apical cochlea, fine fiber degeneration occurred with a faster course in low-frequency regions in the dorsal cochlear nucleus and, transynaptically, in a non-cochleotopic pattern in the superior olive and inferior colliculus. These findings suggest that neuronal hyperactivity plays a role in the central degeneration following acoustic overstimulation, possibly by an excitotoxic process.
Finite element analysis of post-buckling dynamics in plates-Part I: An asymptotic approach

Abstract Various static and dynamic aspects of post-buckled thin plates, including the transition of buckled patterns, post-buckling dynamics, secondary bifurcation, and dynamic snapping (mode jumping phenomenon), are investigated systematically using asymptotical and non-stationary finite element methods. In part I, the secondary dynamic instability and the local post-secondary buckling behavior of thin rectangular plates under generalized (mechanical and thermal) loading is investigated using an asymptotic numerical method which combines Koiter’s nonlinear instability theory with the finite element technique. A dynamic multi-mode reduction method—similar to its static single-mode counterpart: Liapunov–Schmidt reduction—is developed in this perturbation approach. Post-secondary buckling equilibrium branches are obtained by solving the reduced low-dimensional parametric equations and their stability properties are determined directly by checking the eigenvalues of the resulting Jacobian matrix. Typical post-secondary buckling forms—transcritical, supercritical and subcritical bifurcations are observed according to different combinations of boundary conditions and load types. Geometric imperfection analysis shows that not only the secondary bifurcation load but also changes in the fundamental post-secondary buckling behavior are affected. The post-buckling dynamics and the global analysis of mode jumping of the plates are addressed in part II.
Dynamic testing and simulation of the Mars Exploration Rover

In January of 2004, NASA landed two mobile robotic spacecraft on the surface of Mars as part of the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) project. The results and lessons learned of the test and dynamic simulation of the MER vehicles is provided in this paper.
Normal concentrations of essential and toxic elements in pregnant baboons and fetuses (Papio species)

: Heavy metals are essential for the normal progression of maternal and fetal tissue growth and metabolism in pregnancy. Considerable data have been collected for concentrations of various elements in pregnant women, but no comprehensive evaluation of element concentrations in any non-human primate model has been performed. Baboons were studied at the second half of pregnancy. Forty essential and toxic element concentrations were analyzed by absorption spectrophotometry in paired maternal and fetal blood samples; hair and nail samples in pregnant baboons; in placenta, amniotic fluid; and fetal femur, lymph nodes, and liver. Concentrations demonstrated an excellent correlation with concentrations reported in late human pregnancy. Twenty-four elements were below detectable limits in various specimens. We conclude that the pregnant baboon offers unique opportunities to study both normal maternal, fetal, and placental physiology as well as the environmental toxicology of these elements. This information and the ability to use the pregnant baboon as a model is important because essential and toxic elements are key components of the diet as well as major products of manufacturing processes within our industrialized society.
Using the Principles of Complex Systems Thinking and Implementation Science to Enhance Maternal and Child Health Program Planning and Delivery

Traditionally, epidemiologic methodologies have focused on measurement of exposures, outcomes, and program impact through reductionistic, yet complex statistical modeling. Although not new to the field of epidemiology, two frameworks that provide epidemiologists with a foundation for understanding the complex contexts in which programs and policies are implemented were presented to maternal and child health (MCH) professionals at the 2012 co-hosted 18th Annual MCH Epidemiology Conference and 22nd CityMatCH Urban Leadership Conference. The complex systems approach offers researchers in MCH the opportunity to understand the functioning of social, medical, environmental, and behavioral factors within the context of implemented public health programs. Implementation science provides researchers with a framework to translate the evidence-based program interventions into practices and policies that impact health outcomes. Both approaches offer MCH epidemiologists conceptual frameworks with which to re-envision how programs are implemented, monitored, evaluated, and reported to the larger public health audience. By using these approaches, researchers can begin to understand and measure the broader public health context, account for the dynamic interplay of the social environment, and ultimately, develop more effective MCH programs and policies.
The Ghosts Unmasked: A Review of Literature on Speechwriting.

Research on the subject of speechwriting is shallow, scanty, and disorganized. This essay attempts to correct the problem by providing an in‐depth examination of the practice. It summarizes and integrates some of the existing literature on speechwriting, considering areas of agreement, areas of disagreement, implications of speechwriting, and directions for future research.
A protein.protein interaction platform involved in recruitment of GLD-3 to the FBF.fem-3 mRNA complex.

The Pumilio and FBF (PUF) family of RNA-binding proteins interacts with protein partners to post-transcriptionally regulate mRNAs in eukaryotes. The interaction between PUF family member fem-3binding factor (FBF) and germline development defective-3 protein (GLD-3) promotes spermatogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans by increasing expression of the fem-3 mRNA. Defined here in these studies is the molecular basis for this critical interaction. A 10 amino acid region within GLD-3 is required for FBF binding, while a 7 amino acid loop in FBF between PUF repeats 7 and 8 is necessary for GLD-3 binding. These short sequences are conserved, as other FBF-bindingproteins bear sequences similar to those in GLD-3 and other C. elegans PUF proteins contain sequences similar to those in FBF. The FBF-binding region of GLD-3 forms a ternary complex with FBF on the point mutation element (PME) in the fem-3 3’ untranslated region (UTR) and formation of this GLD-3•FBF complex does not impact the RNA-binding activity of FBF. These data raise the possibility of alternative models involving the formation of a GLD-3•FBF•RNA complex in the regulation of germline mRNAs.
Multiple soliton solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov equation

Abstract The asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov equation will be investigated. The Hirota bilinear method will be used to derive N -soliton solutions of this completely integrable equation. Multiple singular soliton solutions will be developed as well. The asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov equation does not show any resonant phenomenon.
Simple models for transverse energy production in high energy proton-nucleus collisions☆

Abstract A simple model which includes the effects of primary degradation is shown to be able to reproduce FERMILAB data for transverse energy production in pA collisions of 800 GeV protons on all targets from protons to 208 Pb.
Mentoring as a Precursor to Incorporation: An Assessment of the Mentoring Experience of Recently Minted Ph.D.s.

Consistently, the academic and anecdotal research on mentoring has demonstrated that it is important in enhancing opportunities for success and achievement. Whereas many would agree that mentoring is important for females and scholars of color, there is very little research to confirm this conventional wisdom. In an effort to fill the gap of knowledge about how mentoring affects the success of African American junior faculty, this article explores the mentoring experiences of recently graduated, African American doctorates (Ph.D.s) in the field of sociology. This research demonstrates how mentoring can enhance the opportunities of faculty of color and facilitate advancement through the ranks.
8.3L: Late-News Paper: New Simple Cell Gap Measurement Method With Three Transmission Measurements

We developed a fast and simple optical measurement method to measure the LCD cell gap. The method uses the standard LCD measurement geometry with two polarizers, a monochromatic light source, and a detector, without other special components. We showed that only three measurements and a simple equation are needed for this cell gap measurement method.
Managing Complex Governance Systems: Dynamics, Self-Organization, and Coevolution in Public Investments

Geert Teisman, Arwin van Buuren and Lasse M. Gerrits (Eds) (Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands. E-mail: teisman@fsw.eur.nl) ...
Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in First Cousins

The cases of two first cousins with neonatal diabetes mellitus are presented in this report. In one child the condition was transient, whereas the other has permanent diabetes mellitus. It seems unlikely that the difference in outcome was related to the degree of diabetic control early in the course of the disorder. The possibility of genetic influence in the etiology of neonatal diabetes is stressed. Chlorpropamide was not useful in curing neonatal diabetes mellitus in one case.
Representation of ophthalmology concepts by electronic systems: adequacy of controlled medical terminologies.

Objective To assess the adequacy of 5 controlled medical terminologies (International Classification of Diseases 9, Clinical Modification [ICD9-CM]; Current Procedural Terminology 4 [CPT-4]; Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine, Clinical Terms [SNOMED-CT]; Logical Identifiers, Names, and Codes [LOINC]; Medical Entities Dictionary [MED]) for representing concepts in ophthalmology. Design Noncomparative case series. Participants Twenty complete ophthalmology case presentations were sequentially selected from a publicly available ophthalmology journal. Methods Each of the 20 cases was parsed into discrete concepts, and each concept was classified along 2 axes: (1) diagnosis, finding, or procedure and (2) ophthalmic or medical concept. Electronic or paper browsers were used to assign a code for every concept in each of the 5 terminologies. Adequacy of assignment for each concept was scored on a 3-point scale. Findings from all 20 case presentations were combined and compared based on a coverage score, which was the average score for all concepts in that terminology. Main outcome measures Adequacy of assignment for concepts in each terminology, based on a 3-point Likert scale (0, no match; 1, partial match; 2, complete match). Results Cases were parsed into 1603 concepts. SNOMED-CT had the highest mean overall coverage score (1.625±0.667), followed by MED (0.974±0.764), LOINC (0.781±0.929), ICD9-CM (0.280±0.619), and CPT-4 (0.082±0.337). SNOMED-CT also had higher coverage scores than any of the other terminologies for concepts in the diagnosis, finding, and procedure categories. Average coverage scores for ophthalmic concepts were lower than those for medical concepts. Conclusions Controlled terminologies are required for electronic representation of ophthalmology data. SNOMED-CT had significantly higher content coverage than any other terminology in this study.
The synthesis of para‐aminosalicylic acid. I. The synthesis of C‐14 carboxyl‐labeled p‐aminosalicylic acid*

A procedure is described for the synthesis of C‐14 carboxyl‐labeled p‐aminosalicylic (4‐amino‐2‐hydroxybenzoic) acid. The Sandmeyer reaction, using potassium radiocyanide, is employed in the synthesis of p‐nitrosalicylic acid, which is, in turn, reduced by catalytic hydrogenation at room temperature.