cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of a Highly Selective Surgical Approach to Oligometastatic Lung Cancer.

Background A highly selected subset of patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will be cured after all sites of established disease (primary and metastases) have been eliminated by surgery or radiation (ie, "curative intent" approach). Mediastinal lymph node metastases (N2) have been found retrospectively to predict a poor prognosis in this setting (5-year survival of 4% for N2-positive versus 31% for N2-negative). Hence, our institution has programmatically limited the use of curative intent local therapy to oligometastatic NSCLC patients confirmed to be free of N2 disease. However, it is unclear whether the exclusion of N2-positive patients is an effective prospective selection step to aggressively treat oligometastatic NSCLC. Methods A prospectively maintained institutional tumor registry was reviewed for oligometastatic stage IV NSCLC patients evaluated for curative intent treatment from 2005 to 2014. Results All synchronous oligometastatic NSCLC cases were evaluated by invasive mediastinal staging before treatment. Twenty-two patients without N2 disease underwent curative intent treatment, and 13 patients with N2 disease were treated palliatively. The groups were similar by bivariate analyses. The N2-negative patients treated with curative intent had a superior 5-year survival compared with N2-positive patients treated palliatively (58% versus 0%, respectively; p = 0.028). Conclusions Using invasive mediastinal staging to exclude N2 disease has a role in surgical decision making and achieving long-term survival among oligometastatic NSCLC patients. Further study is warranted to determine whether a subset of patients with N2 disease also have the potential for long-term survival with local therapy.
Developing a people-technology hybrids model to unleash innovation and creativity: The new hospitality frontier

Abstract The purpose of this study is to propose a theoretical framework to harness creativity and innovation through people and technology. This study is grounded based on an extensive synthesis of previous scientific research and industry practices. It undertakes a detailed review of the literature to derive a framework and detail research and practical guidelines for both scholars and practitioners in the hospitality discipline. Advancements in computer and communications technologies is creating many unanticipated changes in how employees and customers interact, how service work is done, and how hospitality businesses succeed. This study investigates such changes. It also extends the present body of knowledge in the hospitality management by providing numerous directions for hospitality executives and researchers to understand how the combined resources of people (employees and customers) and technology will act as key sources of creative innovation and the firm's subsequent market leadership.
Association of serious adverse events with type and sponsorship of clinical trials in patients with lymphoma

6576 Background: Arguments have been made against early phase clinical trials (CTs) as possibly being unethical because its risk may outweigh its potential benefits. Whether this is true in the lig...
Cultural differences in the imitation and transmission of inefficient actions

Abstract Across two studies, we explored cultural differences in children’s imitation and transmission of inefficient actions. Chinese American and Caucasian American preschoolers ( N = 115) viewed either one or three models using two inefficient tools to perform two different tasks. In the video, when the model(s) performed the task, only the inefficient tool was available; thus, their choice to use that tool could be considered rational. Next, children were invited to complete the task with either the inefficient tool or an efficient alternative. Whereas the two cultural groups imitated a single model at similar rates, Chinese American children imitated significantly more than Caucasian American children after viewing a consensus. Similar results were found when exploring differences in information transmission. The Chinese American children were significantly more likely than their Caucasian American peers to instruct using an inefficient tool when they had initially viewed a consensus demonstrate it. We discuss these findings with respect to differences in children’s use of social versus task-specific cues for learning and teaching.
The Distinctive Structure of the Emotions

This chapter presents a phenomenological analysis consistent with Husserlian insights on the structure of emotional life using the specific example of trust to shows how the emotions have their own complex intentional structure in general in the way that they are founded upon but not reducible to objectifying acts of judgment.
Longitudinal Trends in Vaccine Hesitancy in a Cohort of Mothers Surveyed in Washington State, 2013-2015:

Parents who refuse or delay vaccines because of vaccine hesitancy place children at increased risk for vaccine-preventable disease. How parental vaccine hesitancy changes as their children age is not known. In 2015, we conducted a follow-up survey of 237 mothers enrolled in a 2-arm clinic-level cluster randomized trial (n = 488) in Washington State that was completed in 2013. We surveyed mothers at their baby's birth, age 6 months, and age 24 months using a validated measure of vaccine hesitancy. Both mean hesitancy scores (mean 4.1-point reduction; 95% CI, 2.5-5.6; P = .01) and the proportion of mothers who were vaccine hesitant (9.7% at baseline vs 5.9% at 24 months; P = .01) decreased significantly from child's birth to age 24 months. Changes from baseline were similar for first-time mothers and experienced mothers. Individual item analysis suggested that the decrease may have been driven by increases in maternal confidence about the safety and efficacy of vaccines. Our results suggest that hesitancy is a dynamic measure that may peak around childbirth and may remit as experience with vaccines accumulates.
Is Lecturing Obsolete? Advocating for High Value Transformative Lecturing

The main instructional strategy used in schools and colleges of pharmacy today is still probably lecturing.[1][1] However, during the past decade, the emphasis started to shift away from teacher-centered models such as lecturing to student-centered teaching, including use of active learning
Identification of Cost-Saving Potentials

The cost-saving potentials of collaboration with partners, suppliers and customers over the entire product life cycle are enormous. However, a reliable identification of these saving potentials requires a cost-orientated view of the product life cycle, i.e. a “product lifecycle costing”. Despite economic slumps, multiple project experience shows that companies from all industries take very little advantage of cost reduction achievable through collaboration, because existing IT-systems lack collaborative product lifecycle management functionalities. Focusing on engineer-toorder companies (ETO), this article provides information, in particular, about cost-saving potentials brought about by collaboration over the complete product lifecycle. Furthermore, it describes how these saving potentials can be identified ifan effective product lifecycle costing takes place.
Characterization of shallow water environments and waveform design for diversity

In this paper, we investigate the dispersive characterization of shallow water environments for acoustic transmissions, and we develop a time-varying system representation to model its dispersive propagation characteristics. We also obtain the discrete model of this representation using a transform-based approach or by nonlinearly warping the discrete time-frequency model of narrowband environments. Using this discrete model in a shallow water communication application, we design a wideband time varying waveform to match the dispersive nature of the environment. As we demonstrate with numerical results, the design can provide dispersive Doppler diversity by employing maximal ratio combining techniques.
COLLISIONALLY INDUCED DISSOCIATION OF IONS IN A STRONG DRIFT FIELD AND ITS USE AS AN ANALYSIS TOOL

Drift fields of 100–1000 Td. were used to co11isiona1ly dissociate ions (which were directly sampled from the lower atmosphere) to aid in their chemical idenitfication. The ions being studied make up only one part in 1017 of the gas in which they are found, and their mass spectrometric analysis is accomplished near the high sensitivity limit of the present apparatus. Since the chemical identity of the sampled ions can often not be determined from their mass alone, additional identification methods are needed. They must not, however, cause ionization in the far more abundant neutral gas or reduce the number of ions being detected. Under the appropriate conditions collisional dissociation of the ions being studied can accomplish both of the above goals, and also make available a continuously variable range of collision energies. At low field strengths ligand detachment from the parent ion can be observed. while fragmentation of the more strongly bound core ion is accomplished at fields near 1000 Td. An example of ligand removal is the gradual conversion of an atmosphericion family believed to be NH 4+·(H2O)n (mass 36, 54, 73…) into a single mass peak at mass 18 at 300 Td. in a nitrogen buffer gas. At 800 Td. an ion believed to be NO3– is seen to be largely dissociated into a fragment at mass 46 (probably NO2–) thus helping to confirm the identification of the parent ion as NO3–.
Population-Level Adaptation to Host-Plant Chemicals: The Role of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases

The ability of herbivorous insects to specialize with respect to the range of host species utilized is perhaps unrivaled by any other group of plant-feeding animals. Over 90% of the known species of herbivorous insects feed on three or fewer plant families (Bernays and Graham 1988). Indeed, this predilection for specialization may well be the principal factor involved in the tremendous diversification of this group of organisms (Ehrlich and Raven 1964). Flowering plants and the herbivores that consume them collectively comprise approximately half of the earth’s biota; as such, interactions between plants and their associated herbivores have profound consequences on the structure and function of the vast majority of terrestrial ecosystems.
Destabilization of Water-in-Oil Emulsions

In the emulsion coalescence process in demulsification, the approach of two droplets under the capillary pressure acting normal to the interface, causes liquid to be squeezed out of the film into the bulk. The rate of drainage of the film is strongly dependent upon adsorption kinetics of the demulsifier, its interfacial activity and solubility, and interfacial rheological properties such as interfacial tension gradient or elasticity, and interfacial viscosity. The predictions of our recent theoretical model for the drainage of film in the drop-drop coalescence process are reviewed which indicates that the interfacial activity of the demulsifier, in addition to its partitioning ability, must be high enough to suppress the interfacial tension gradient. This accelerates the rate of film drainage, thus promoting coalescence. Recent experimental data on demulsification of water-in-oil emulsions using oil soluble demulsifiers are presented which verify the predictions of the theoretical model.
Emphasizing Learning in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning

The learning question in the scholarship of teaching and learning focuses on whether the work advances student learning. Although the scope of inquiry may vary, the learning question is, first and foremost, about outcomes—what or how much did students learn. It is typified by these kinds of research questions: Did the new teaching method I used produce better learning than the traditional method I have been using; Did the new assignment I used result in better student performance than the one I typically use; Did the strategy our department adopted have a positive effect on student performance in the capstone course; Did our institutional emphasis on critical thinking lead to better thinking among students across the disciplines.
How Should We Assess Neuropsychological Sequelae of Critical Illness

Critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) consume a considerable proportion of our medical resources [1]. Patients admitted to an ICU with life-threatening critical illness require invasive procedures, mechanical ventilation, and sedative and analgesic drugs. Sedative and analgesic drugs in conjunction with mechanical ventilation and pain may adversely affect patients’ cognitive and emotional outcome following ICU care [2]. The patient’s distressing memories of the ICU experience may lead to psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delirium [3]. Most outcome studies have focused on survival as the major ICU outcome variable. More recent studies have found large proportions of ICU patients experience impaired health-related quality of life (HRQL) and psychosocial impairments [1,4]. Forty percent of ICU survivors were unable to return to work due to impaired physical and psychosocial problems [5]. Although medical outcomes research has studied critically ill patients, relatively few studies have assessed neuropsychological function. For example, outcomes research following acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been ongoing for a number of years, however, only limited information exists concerning ultimate outcomes. Initial outcome studies assessed survival [6] and pulmonary function [7,8]. Subsequent studies have found impaired health status [8] and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder following ARDS [9]. Only in the past several years have a few studies assessed neuropsychological outcome following ARDS [10,11,12]. The limited studies of neuropsychological outcome following critical illness maybe due in part to the behef held by many physicians that most medical disorders have little effect on the brain and cognitive function [13].
What Students Expect May Have More Impact Than What They Know or Feel

Researchers of educational technologies are often asked to do the impossible: make students learn and have them enjoy it. These two objectives, though not mutually exclusive, are frequently at odds with each other. Effective learning strategies require active knowledge use on the part of the student. Meanwhile, students typically seek to learn through the path of least effort. This can cause conflict during system interaction, and it is often the case that attitudes toward the learning environment suffer. The current study indicates that students' prior expectations of what technology can (or cannot) do may actually have a greater impact than their initial level of motivation, previous domain knowledge, and familiarity with technology, combined. Knowing these prior expectations may be a crucial step to help researchers perform the impossible.
On Characterizing Joint Survivor Functions by Minima

We consider some consequences of the fact that the joint survivor function of a bivariate random variable (T 1, T 2) is characterized by the collection of univariate survivor functions of the random variables min(λ1 T 1, λ2 T 2 for positive λ1 and λ2. Specifically, we consider the use of data on minima or combinations of minima to estimate the dependence parameter in Hougaard’s positive stable frailty model with known marginals.
Empirical model for cooperative resizing of processor structures to exploit power-performance efficiency at runtime

Power consumption has become a major cause of concern spanning from data centres to handheld devices. Traditionally, improvement in power-performance efficiency of a modern superscalar processor came from technology scaling. However, that is no longer the case. Many of the current systems deploy coarse grain voltage and/or frequency scaling for power management. These techniques are attractive, but limited because of their granularity of control and effectiveness in nano-complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. This study proposes a novel architecture-level mechanism to exploit intra-thread variations for power-performance efficiency in modern superscalar processors. This class of processors implement several buffer/queue structures to support speculative out-of-order execution for performance enhancement. Applications may not need full capabilities of such structures at all times. A mechanism that collaboratively adapts a finite set of key hardware structures to the changing programme behaviour can allow the processor to operate with heterogeneous power-performance capabilities. This study presents a novel offline regression-based empirical model to estimate structure resizing for a selected set of structures. It is shown that using a few processor runtime events, the system can dynamically estimate structure resizing to exploit power-performance efficiency. Results show that using the proposed empirical model, a selective set of key structures can be resized at runtime to deliver on average 40% power-performance efficiency over a baseline design, with only 5% loss of performance.
In Reply: Steroid Use Associated With Increased Odds of 30-Day Mortality in Surgical Patients with Metastatic Spinal Tumors in the Setting of Disseminated Disease.

BACKGROUND Steroid administration is part of a standard treatment regimen in metastatic spinal cord compression, though the appropriate dose, duration, efficacy, and risks remain controversial. OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk of preoperative steroid use on 30-d mortality in surgical metastatic spinal tumors with dissemination disease using a large multicenter national database. METHODS Adult patients who underwent surgical treatment for metastatic spine tumors between 2005 and 2014 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Demographic, preoperative risk factors, operative information, and postoperative events were extracted. Multivariate logistical regression modeling was used to investigate the association with preoperative steroid use with the outcome of interest, 30-d mortality. Other independent risk factors associated with 30-d mortality were also identified. RESULTS Five hundred fifty-two patients underwent surgical treatment of spinal metastases with disseminated cancer present at time of surgery. Independent risk factors of 30-d mortality included prolonged steroid use (odds ratio [OR] 2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-5.04, P = .012), dependent functional status (OR 2.91, 95% CI: 1.68-5.04, P < .001), history of bleeding disorder (OR 2.80, 95% CI: 1.16-6.74, P = .021), history of smoking (OR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.11-4.61, P = .024), preoperative transfusions (OR 2.91, 95% CI: 1.02-8.29, P = .049), and preoperative infection/sepsis (OR 2.67, 95% CI: 1.18-6.08, P = .02). Our model demonstrates very strong predictive capabilities, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7447. CONCLUSION Steroid use is associated with a significant increased risk of 30-d mortality in surgical metastatic spine tumor patients with disseminated disease. These findings warrant further investigation in controlled experimental environments.
Elastography Can Map the Local Inverse Relationship between Shear Modulus and Drug Delivery within the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment

Purpose: High tissue pressure prevents chemotherapeutics from reaching the core of pancreatic tumors. Therefore, targeted therapies have been developed to reduce this pressure. While point probes have shown the effectiveness of these pressure-reducing therapies via single-location estimates, ultrasound elastography is now widely available as an imaging technique to provide real-time spatial maps of shear modulus (tissue stiffness). However, the relationship between shear modulus and the underlying tumor microenvironmental causes of high tissue pressure has not been investigated. In this work, elastography was used to investigate how shear modulus influences drug delivery in situ, and how it correlates with collagen density, hyaluronic acid content, and patent vessel density—features of the tumor microenvironment known to influence tissue pressure. Experimental Design: Intravenous injection of verteporfin, an approved human fluorescent drug, was used in two pancreatic cancer xenograft models [AsPC-1 (n = 25) and BxPC-3 (n = 25)]. Results: Fluorescence intensity was higher in AsPC-1 tumors than in BxPC-3 tumors (P Conclusions: These results demonstrate that elastography could guide targeted therapy and/or identify patients with highly elevated tissue pressure. See related commentary by Nia et al., p. 2024
Phase 1b trial of nintedanib in combination with bevacizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors have produced demonstrable but limited benefit for various cancers. One mechanism of resistance includes revascularization, secondary to upregulation of alternative pro-angiogenic platelet-derived growth factor receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor pathways. Nintedanib is an oral, triple kinase inhibitor that blocks these pathways and may improve anti-tumor activity by overcoming resistance to anti-VEGF therapies. The primary objective of this first in-human study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of nintedanib in combination with bevacizumab. Patients were treated with escalating doses of nintedanib (150 mg or 200 mg oral twice daily) and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg once intravenously every 3 weeks) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity using standard 3 + 3 phase 1 design. Plasma levels of angiogenic biomarkers were correlated with clinical outcomes. Eighteen patients with advanced tumors [lung (n = 9), colon (n = 8), and cervical (n = 1)] previously treated with at least two lines of chemotherapy including bevacizumab (n = 9, 50%) were enrolled. The highest dose of nintedanib was 200 mg twice a day with no observed dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). Common adverse events (AE) were fatigue (grade 1–3) and diarrhea (grade 1–2). Durable clinical response was observed in 55% patients pretreated with bevacizumab (1 complete and 4 stable response). Better disease control was correlated with higher than median baseline values for VEFGR2 and E-selectin, and lower levels for SDF-1α. Nintedanib was well-tolerated with bevacizumab with no DLT. Significant clinical activity was observed, including in bevacizumab-pretreated patients, suggesting nintedanib can overcome bevacizumab resistance.
Effect of Early Recognition of Malnutrition and Targeted Nutrition Support on Clinical Outcomes in Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Patients

Objective Patients (pts) admitted to hospital for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) are at risk for malnutrition. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) clinical guidelines recommend nutrition screening and targeted nutrition support for ASCT pts. However, these recommendations are not always followed due to lack of clear evidence of benefit and concern that nutrition support may be associated with increased risk of infection or delayed time to platelet engraftment. We evaluated clinical outcomes in consecutive ASCT pts receiving nutrition assessment and targeted nutrition support based on malnutrition status. Methods A historical control group included consecutive pts admitted for ASCT January 2016 to October 2017 (n = 308). Beginning in October 2017, all ASCT pts (n = 148) received nutrition assessment and intervention to optimize oral intake and were included in the intervention group. Pts diagnosed with malnutrition using Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics-ASPEN criteria and continuing with 15 days after transplant. Pt characteristics included age, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), first vs. subsequent ASCT, and malnutrition risk indicated by a score ≥2 on the validated Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). Mann-Whitney U tests comparing patients vs. historical controls and logistic regressions were conducted using SPSS (version 25), with p Results Forty-nine pts (33%) met criteria for EN/PN, 40 of whom (82%) received one or both interventions. One pt received EN alone, 37 PN alone, and two EN + PN, for a mean duration of 9.05 days. Pts in the intervention group had lower odds of prolonged LOS (OR = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.259-0.906) and CLABSI (OR = 0.259, 95% CI: 0.073-0.925) in models controlled for age, KPS, first vs. subsequent ASCT, and MST score, with no difference in days to platelet engraftment (p = 0.987). No pt receiving PN or EN was diagnosed with CLABSI. ICU transfer and 30 day readmission rates did not differ between groups Conclusion Identifying malnutrition, optimizing oral intake and providing early, targeted nutrition support to ASCT pts can improve clinical outcomes.
Complex Scenarios Involving Multiple Codes

Abstract To be analyzed and completed by the user of this workbook, this chapter provides complex ethical case scenarios pertaining to multiple codes of the Behavior Analyst Certification Board’s (BACB) Ethics Code. The majority of alleged ethics notices submitted to the BACB in 2016 and 2017 that were found to result in an actionable violation (67%) contained two or more violations of the Code. While working through the scenarios in this chapter, the user of the workbook is asked to: highlight crucial elements related to the Code and potential risk of harm to those involved, differentiate actions that appear to be in clear violation of the Code versus elements that may relate but are not yet an infraction, describe the reasons each element of the Code was identified and why a violation did or did not occur, and recommend a course of action going forward.
Constitutional Hardball vs. Beanball: Identifying Fundamentally Antidemocratic Tactics

The constitutional “hardball” metaphor illuminates an important phenomenon in American politics, but it obscures a crisis an American democracy. In baseball, hardball includes legitimate tactics: pitching inside to brush a batter back, but not injure; hard slides, hard tags. Much of the constitutional hardball maneuvers identified by scholars like Mark Tushnet, Jack Balkin, Joseph Fishkin, David Pozen, and David Bernstein have been legitimate, if aggressive, constitutional political tactics. But the label “hardball” has been interpreted too broadly to include illegitimate, fundamentally undemocratic tactics. I suggest a different baseball metaphor for such tactics: beanball, pitches meant to injure and knock the opposing player out of the game. In this Reply in the Columbia Law Review Online to Fishkin, Pozen, and Bernstein, I first respond to Bernstein’s objections that Obama and Democrats engaged in hardball. In fact, Fishkin and Pozen’s thesis acknowledged that Democrats play hardball, even if not as aggressively as Republicans have. I discuss government shutdowns, birtherism, debt ceiling threats, abuses of the DOJ, and the contrasting manipulations leading to the Iraq War versus the Iran nuclear deal. This Reply then identifies the Republicans’ fundamentally antidemocratic beanball: voter ID laws and other voting restrictions; extreme gerrymandering; marginalizing racial minorities (e.g., the “birther” conspiracy theory); abusing the Department of Justice (DOJ), for example. The antidemocratic tactics of Trumpism are not a break from the establishment Republican Party, but rather are continuous, if only more extreme. The destructive politics of beanball reflect a deep existential paranoia, racial status anxiety, and a panic over dispossesion and the loss of historical privilege.
Reality and Perception: Power and Paranoia Within the Political Sphere

The 16 chapters in the edited volume, Power, Politics and Paranoia (van Prooijen & van Lange, Editors) tie together three different content areas to reveal how research in these different areas can mirror and inform each other. The editors and authors address the validity of two observations often heard around dinner tables, written in newspaper articles and even observed during faculty meetings. On the one hand, does power corrupt (and absolute power corrupt absolutely, Lord Acton, 1972/1897)? On the other hand, are people unjustifiably paranoid about the degree to which the powerful conspire against them? The question is whether either of these observations is a reflection of people’s misperceptions or an indication that true political change is required.
The Demise of Analytic Geometry.

ANALYTIC geometry has been dying as a separate course. For some years this subject has been losing its status as a mathematics course, and its content has been given only partial or token recogni tion by inclusion in precalculus or in ele mentary calculus courses. While the pedagogical concept of integration of sub jects is commendable, the actual result has frequently been a substantial eradica tion of the subject from the mathematics curriculum. A period of transition has witnessed a departure from the traditional sequence of mathematics courses forming the bridge from the eleventh year of high school to a first course of calculus. There has been considerable variation, almost chaos, in the typical attitude of individuality of American schools. "Modern" mathemat ics, computer mathematics, probability and statistics, and other courses have been replacing advanced algebra and solid geometry in a proliferation of senior mathematics courses in the high schools.
Social Media Use in High School Settings: Rules, Outcomes, and Educational Opportunities

This paper presents findings from a larger study of social media use and networks in a North American high school. Specifically, it examines the role that rules and policies play in shaping how students use social media with their peer group and in the school setting. Additionally, it examines the outcomes of student social media use, as well as opportunities for schools to play a more proactive role in the phenomenon. The study was conducted across two years, with two classes of students observed in the classroom during the first year and a collection of students, teachers, and administrators interviewed during the second year. Findings show that the high school students have layers of rules governing their social media use. Teachers and parents exist outside their networks, but nonetheless play an important offline role in regulating teenagers' online activities and helping them keep safe and navigate complex online relationships. Teachers informally help students learn how to use social media responsibly, but opportunities remain for more proactive support and education.
Development of composite indices and a regional assessment framework for analyzing nation-state health:

In support of efforts to predict nation-states’ health, this paper develops a methodology that addresses incorporating disparate data from a variety of sources and utilizing both subject matter exp...
Struktur der Texte

Die Struktur von Finanzanalysetexten variiert je nach Thema und Funktion. So werden Daten aus den Bereichen Aktien, Obligationen, Fonds, Devisen, Zinshandel oder Konjunktur in unterschiedlicher Form ausgewertet und publiziert. Die folgenden Abschnitte fokussieren auf die Struktur von Aktienanalysen, die von den Finanzinstituten regelmasig publiziert werden.
The hydrodynamic lift of a slender, neutrally buoyant fibre in a wall-bounded shear flow at small Reynolds number

The hydrodynamic lift velocity of a neutrally buoyant fibre in a simple shear flow near a wall is determined for small, but non-zero, fibre Reynolds number, illustrating the role of non-sphericity in lift. The rotational motion and effects of fibre orientation on lift are treated for fibre positions that induce and do not induce solid-body wall contacts. When the fibre does not contact the wall its lift velocity can be obtained in terms of the Stokes flow field by using a generalized reciprocal theorem. The Stokes velocity field is determined using slender-body theory with the no-slip velocity at the wall enforced using the method of images. To leading order the lift velocity at distances large compared with the fibre length and small compared with the Oseen length is found to be for the case of a highly frictional contact and about half that value for a frictionless contact. These results are used to illustrate how particle shape can contribute to separation methods such as those in microfluidic channels or cross-flow filtration processes.
Diagnoses of hospitalized patients with skin abnormalities prompting biopsy by consulting dermatologists: A 3-year review from a tertiary care center.

Background Dermatologists play an important role in diagnosing and managing hospitalized patients with cutaneous abnormalities. Skin biopsies remain an indispensable tool for aiding dermatologists in accurate diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to determine the range of conditions, and the most common conditions, prompting skin biopsy by dermatology hospital consultation (HCON) services to aid in evaluation of hospitalized patients. Methods All hospitalized patients seen by a single tertiary care center dermatology HCON service between 2015 and 2018 who had associated skin biopsies were identified. Histologic features and clinical diagnoses of each patient were classified into 13 histologic reaction pattern categories. Results Eight hundred and thirty one inpatients evaluated by our dermatology HCON service had 914 skin biopsies. The most frequent diagnostic categories prompting biopsy were vasculopathic (17.6%), interface dermatitis (16.5%), infectious (12.6%), and spongiotic dermatitis (10.9%). The most frequent diagnostic categories included drug reaction (13.2%), leukocytoclastic vasculitis (8.5%), skin cancer (5.4%), graft-vs-host disease (3.5%), connective tissue disease (3.3%), and calciphylaxis (3.0%). Conclusion Our study suggests a variety of serious diseases affecting inpatients prompts biopsy by dermatology consultation services. Educational curricula for dermatology and pathology residents, fellows, and staff designed with these data may enhance knowledge that improves the quality of inpatient dermatology care.
Distinct Region- and Time-Dependent Functional Cortical Adaptations in C57BL/6J Mice after Short and Prolonged Alcohol Drinking

Alcohol (ethanol) use disorder is associated with changes in frontal cortical areas including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that contribute to cognitive deficits, uncontrolled drinking, and relapse. Acute ethanol exposure reduces intrinsic excitability of lateral OFC (lOFC) neurons, while chronic exposure and long-term drinking influence plasticity of intrinsic excitability and function of glutamatergic synapses. However, the time course that these adaptations occur across a history of ethanol drinking is unknown. The current study examined whether short-term and long-term voluntary ethanol consumption using an intermittent access paradigm would alter the biophysical properties of deep-layer pyramidal neurons in the ACC and lOFC. Neuronal spiking varied in the ACC with an initial increase in evoked firing after 1 d of drinking followed by a decrease in firing in mice that consumed ethanol for one week. No difference in lOFC spike number was observed between water controls and 1-d ethanol drinking mice, but mice that consumed ethanol for one week or more showed a significant increase in evoked firing. Voluntary ethanol drinking for 4 weeks also produced a total loss of ethanol inhibition of lOFC neurons. There was no effect of drinking on excitatory or inhibitory synaptic events in ACC or lOFC neurons across all time points in this model. Overall, these results demonstrate that voluntary drinking alters neuronal excitability in the ACC and lOFC in distinct ways and on a different time scale that may contribute to the impairment of prefrontal cortex-dependent behaviors observed in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Unnatural bases for recognition of noncoding nucleic acid interfaces

The notion of using synthetic heterocycles instead of the native bases to interface with DNA and RNA has been explored for nearly 60 years. Unnatural bases compatible with the DNA/RNA coding interface have the potential to expand the genetic code and co-opt the machinery of biology to access new macromolecular function; accordingly, this body of research is core to synthetic biology. While much of the literature on artificial bases focuses on code expansion, there is a significant and growing effort on docking synthetic heterocycles to noncoding nucleic acid interfaces; this approach seeks to illuminate major processes of nucleic acids, including regulation of transcription, translation, transport, and transcript lifetimes. These major avenues of research at the coding and noncoding interfaces have in common fundamental principles in molecular recognition. Herein, we provide an overview of foundational literature in biophysics of base recognition and unnatural bases in coding to provide context for the developing area of targeting noncoding nucleic acid interfaces with synthetic bases, with a focus on systems developed through iterative design and biophysical study.
The impact of midurethral sling surgery on the development of urinary tract infections.

To measure the impact of the placement of a midurethral sling (MUS) on development of urinary tract infections (UTI) in women with stress urinary incontinence. This is an analysis of a large managed care organization MUS database from 2005 to 2016. The database was queried to identify UTI and diagnosis of recurrent UTI. The primary outcome was the UTI rate after MUS. Secondary outcomes included the recurrent UTI rate and rates of UTI over time. Over the study period, 13,404 MUS were performed. In the 12 postoperative months, 23% of patients developed a UTI, while 4% developed a de novo recurrent UTI diagnosis. UTIs were most frequently diagnosed in the 1st month, with the 7th postoperative day the most common. Predictors of UTI development included increased age (OR 3.69 [95% CI 2.58–5.26]), being diabetic (OR 1.43 [95% CI 1.28–1.60]), and having urinary retention requiring prolonged catheterization (OR 2.45 [95% CI 2.11–2.85]). UTIs were less likely to be diagnosed in those with transobturator MUS (OR 0.85 [95% CI 0.78–0.94]). Patients who developed a UTI were more likely to have a reoperation (p = 0.0147), including a reoperation for mesh revision/removal (p = 0.0287), and recurrent SUI (p = 0.0394). Patients who developed a UTI were more likely to develop postoperative de novo urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) (p < 0.0001). Patients are at risk of UTI and rUTI after MUS. Risk of developing UTIs decreases with time. Predictors of developing UTI can help surgeons in the care of patients after MUS.
Acid Suppression Does Not Improve Laryngomalacia Outcomes but Treatment for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Might Be Protective.

Objective To determine whether the use of acid suppression and thickened feeds impact laryngomalacia outcomes in infants, including supraglottoplasty risk, time to supraglottoplasty, and hospitalization risk. Study design We performed a retrospective cohort study to compare risk and time with supraglottoplasty and frequency and duration of hospitalizations for infants diagnosed with laryngomalacia at Boston Children's Hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2017. The primary outcomes were supraglottoplasty requirement, time to supraglottoplasty, and hospitalization risk. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictors of supraglottoplasty and hospitalization risk after adjusting for laryngomalacia severity and comorbidities in addition to propensity score adjustment. Kaplan–Meier curves were created to determine the impact of acid suppression use on time to supraglottoplasty. Results In total, 236 subjects with mean age 62.6 ± 4 days were included in the analysis; 55% were treated with acid suppression. Subjects treated with acid suppression had a greater risk of supraglottoplasty (hazard ratio 3.36, 95% CI 1.36-8.29, P = .009), shorter time to supraglottoplasty (5.64 ± 0.92 vs 7.98 ± 1.92 months, P = .006), and increased respiratory hospitalization risk (relative risk 1.97, 95% CI 1.01-3.85, 0.047), even after adjustment for covariates. Subjects receiving thickening had fewer respiratory hospitalization nights and longer time to supraglottoplasty (9.3 ± 1.7 vs 4.56 ± 0.73 months, P = .004), even after adjustment. Conclusions Acid suppression use does not reduce the frequency of supraglottoplasty and related hospitalizations compared with untreated subjects. However, patients treated with thickening have decreased hospitalization and longer time to supraglottoplasty, suggesting that thickening of feeds may be a preferred intervention over acid suppression.
The upper-thermal stability of an iron-rich smectite: Implications for smectite formation on Mars

Abstract Fe-rich smectite is a clay mineral commonly found on Mars, particularly in the lowest stratigraphic sequences. The presence of smectite is of interest because of its implications for the former presence of water in the near-surface environment. What is unclear are the range of bulk compositions and physical conditions under which this smectite formed. Here we investigated (i) the experimental synthesis of iron-rich tri-octahedral smectite (Fe-smectite) from a variety of bulk chemical compositions, primarily along the Fe-talc—Na-Fe-eastonite join, and (ii) the upper-thermal stability of Fe-smectite made from one of the investigated bulk compositions. It was found that Fe-smectite could be synthesized at 500 °C and 2 kbars in 7–10 days from all of the bulk compositions investigated, demonstrating some flexibility in the compositions of rock and soil on Mars that would yield Fe-smectite. The upper-thermal stability of the Fe-smectite synthesized from the bulk composition consisting of 87 mol% Fe-talc was investigated in the range of 1–3 kbar and 530–620 °C. Breakdown of this smectite (without interlayer water) was modeled thermodynamically by a dehydration reaction involving albite, fayalite, hercynite, quartz, magnetite, and water to permit extrapolation to lower pressures and temperatures. Results from this modeling indicate first that Fe-smectite is stable to depths of 30 km, for a geothermal gradient of 20 °C/km during the Noachian period, indicating that, even without any interlayer water, Fe-smectite has potential for storing considerable amounts of water in the crust of Mars. Second, there is no overlap in the upper-thermal stability of Fe-smectite and the water-saturated solidus of basalt, ruling out direct formation from a basaltic magma for this Mg-free smectite. Third, the upper-thermal stability of Fe-smectite is calculated to be 336 ± 25 °C at 100 bars, which is above the liquid-vapor boundary for H2O, suggesting that formation in the presence of a primordial dense vapor phase in the earliest history of Mars is possible.
Alleviating nonlinear behavior of disulfide isoforms in the reversed-phase liquid chromatography of IgG2

Reversed-phase chromatography is an established method for characterizing the disulfide isoforms of IgG2. This work explores the effect of mobile phase gradient profile and sample concentration on the separation of disulfide isoforms. The acidic mobile phase can alter the relative proportions of disulfide isoforms, but only when the level of the reactive A1 isoform is much higher than for typical conditions of separation and typical IgG2 samples. Otherwise, there is minimal disulfide scrambling. A slower gradient and flow rate modestly improve resolution, but the peaks remain heavily overlapped. Resolution is further improved and nonlinear chromatography lessened when injection is performed under non-stacking conditions. Non-stacking conditions also keep the concentration from spiking at the head of the column, reducing noncovalent associations that can promote disulfide scrambling. The higher resolution from non-stacking injection reveals the presence of at least seven species.
IV Unstable Resonator Modes

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an in-depth overview of the fundamental mode structure theory of unstable optical cavities for laser applications. Much of this analysis has focused on the passive cavity mode structure properties, as it is in this purely optical arena that the more fundamental mathematical properties reside, several of which are still unresolved. In the chapter Siegman postulated an approximate geometrical analysis of the dominant, lowest loss transverse mode that is remarkably accurate in predicting the out coupling losses associated with an unstable cavity. This geometrical mode analysis is extended to the higher-order, higher loss transverse modes of such resonators. At this point it became clear that unstable resonators possess several significant advantages over their stable counterparts for many laser applications, particularly in the high energy regime.
Sulfheme proteins. II. The reversible oxygenation of ferrous sulfmyoglobin.

Abstract Reduced sulfmyoglobin has been shown to be in the ferrous state by optical titration with ferricyanide. The product of this reaction, ferric sulfmyoglobin, has been well characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance. The kinetics of autoxidation of ferrous sulfmyoglobin is reported. In the ferrous state, sulfmyoglobin has been shown to bind oxygen reversibly. It exhibits a rectangular hyperbolic binding curve (Hill coefficient n = 1.0) like that of myoglobin, but with a p½ at 5° and pH 8 of 0.7 atm or 530 mm Hg, corresponding to an oxygen affinity 2500-fold lower than that of myoglobin at the same temperature. This accounts for the apparent inability of sulfmyoglobin to bind O2 under physiological conditions. The low oxygen affinity is discussed in terms of structural features of the molecule which lower the electron density at the iron and is an example of electronic control of oxygen affinity in hemoglobin-like compounds.