cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability on Perfusion CT Might Predict Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction

Background and Purpose—Perfusion CT has been used to assess the extent of blood–brain barrier breakdown. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of blood–brain barrier permeability measured using perfusion CT for development of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction requiring hemicraniectomy (HC). Methods—We retrospectively identified patients from our stroke registry who had middle cerebral artery infarction and were evaluated with admission perfusion CT. Blood–brain barrier permeability and cerebral blood volume maps were generated and infarct volumes calculated. Clinical and radiographic characteristics were compared between those who underwent HC versus those who did not undergo HC. Results—One hundred twenty-two patients (12 HC, 110 no HC) were identified. Twelve patients who underwent HC had developed edema, midline shift, or infarct expansion. Infarct permeability area, infarct cerebral blood volume area, and infarct volumes were significantly different (P<0.018, P<0.02...
Fully Embodied Conversational Avatars: Making Communicative Behaviors Autonomous

Although avatars may resemble communicative interface agents, they have for the most part not profited from recent research into autonomous embodied conversational systems. In particular, even though avatars function within conversational environments (for example, chat or games), and even though they often resemble humans (with a head, hands, and a body) they are incapable of representing the kinds of knowledge that humans have about how to use the body during communication. Humans, however, do make extensive use of the visual channel for interaction management where many subtle and even involuntary cues are read from stance, gaze, and gesture. We argue that the modeling and animation of such fundamental behavior is crucial for the credibility and effectiveness of the virtual interaction in chat. By treating the avatar as a communicative agent, we propose a method to automate the animation of important communicative behavior, deriving from work in conversation and discourse theory. BodyChat is a system that allows users to communicate via text while their avatars automatically animate attention, salutations, turn taking, back-channel feedback, and facial expression. An evaluation shows that users found an avatar with autonomous conversational behaviors to be more natural than avatars whose behaviors they controlled, and to increase the perceived expressiveness of the conversation. Interestingly, users also felt that avatars with autonomous communicative behaviors provided a greater sense of user control.
Pharmacotherapy of chronic pain: a synthesis of recommendations from systematic reviews

Abstract Objectives Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent, costly and disabling conditions in both clinical practice and the workplace, yet often remains inadequately treated. Moreover, chronic pain commonly co-occurs with depression, anxiety and somatoform disorders, and adversely affects response of these conditions to psychiatric treatments. This article provides an evidence-based approach to the pharmacotherapy of chronic pain. Methods This narrative review is derived largely from meta-analyses and systematic reviews published since 2005. For a few medications, findings from multiple recent trials are synthesized if a systematic review had not yet been published. Classes of medications are first reviewed, followed by an overview of four common pain disorders: neuropathic pain, low back pain, fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis. Results A stepped care approach based upon existing evidence includes (1) simple analgesics (acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs); (2) tricyclic antidepressants (if neuropathic, back or fibromyalgia pain) or tramadol; (3) gabapentin, duloxetine or pregabalin if neuropathic pain; (4) cyclobenzaprine, pregabalin, duloxetine, or milnacipran for fibromyalgia; (5) topical analgesics (capsaicin, lidocaine, salicylates) if localized neuropathic or arthritic pain; and (6) opioids. Disease-specific recommendations for neuropathic, low back, fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis pain are reviewed. Conclusions A number of medications have proven effective in chronic pain disorders and their use individually or in combination should improve the management of chronic pain.
AN ARTIFICIAL DIET FOR THE BUTTERFLY PHYCIODES PHAON (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE)

Abstract We reared newly hatched Phaon Crescent butterfly larvae to the adult stage on a completely artificial diet. About 37% of first instars survived to the adult stage. Addition to the diet of freeze-dried host plant leaves equal to 10% by weight of dry ingredients produced up to 66% survival to the adult stage. Survival of larvae and production of adults on the artificial diet without host plant leaves was increased to equal that of diet with host plant leaves by adding 5% glucose or 5% Beck’s salt mix. Although the ovaries of females produced on host-free artificial diet appeared to be mature at emergence and contained mature-looking eggs, we never obtained viable eggs from them. In contrast, females produced on the artificial diet containing at least 10% by weight of freeze-dried host plant leaves laid viable eggs, and four successive generations were reared on the artificial diet with 10% freeze-dried host plant leaves. Males produced on the artificial diet without host plant tissue displayed abno...
Psychological and behavioral implications of screening for breast or ovarian cancer predisposition genes BRCA1 and BRCA2

Recently discovered mutations in 2 genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for most hereditary cases of breast cancer. Individuals with mutations in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 carry an elevated lifetime risk of breast or ovarian cancer. Genetic testing for these mutations now allows individuals to learn if they are at heightened cancer risk. This genetic testing may have entered the health care system without the development of adequate notification protocols. This paper reviews the psychological and behavioral sequelae of being at increased risk for breast or ovarian cancer due to personal or family history. Similar issues relating to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic screening and the notification process also are discussed.
Creation and Validation of a Structured Training Program to Train ICU Nurses in Free Flap Monitoring

Background Monitoring is an important part of the postoperative care of free flap patients. Because the burden of flap examinations often falls to the house staff, residents must make special trips to the hospital for flap examinations, which increases duty hours. We developed a training program designed to train intensive care unit (ICU) nurse to perform significant portion of free flap monitoring. Methods First, ICU charge nurses received a slide presentation and completed an online module to consolidate the didactic training. Second, the nurses were given a written reference manual describing the basic concepts behind free tissue transfer and normal flap physiology. Finally, “on-the-job” training of the nurses was done by residents/house staff. Flap-related outcomes were analyzed. Results The entire group of 24 ICU nurses targeted for this education were successfully trained and transitioned to nurse-led monitoring. For the first 50 patients monitored by ICU nurses following this educational effort, we had no adverse events and no signs of flap compromise were missed by ICU charge nurses. In one instance, an ICU nurse required a resident to personally examine a flap. There were no partial or total flap losses. Conclusions Training of ICU nurses in free flap monitoring can be accomplished through the following principles: (1) leadership and support by the microsurgeons involved; (2) faculty-led didactic and web-based training modules; (3) significant involvement of the otolaryngology house staff; and (4) consistent and experienced ICU nurses in collaboration with nursing leadership. This is the first description of a successfully validated curriculum.
An Effective Curriculum for Focused Assessment Diagnostic Echocardiography: Establishing the Learning Curve in Surgical Residents

Background Simulation training and competency-based assessment are the evolving standard for surgical education. The Focused Assessment Diagnostic Echocardiography (FADE) examination is a bedside, limited transthoracic ultrasound to assess cardiac function, anatomy, and volume status. FADE can be used to noninvasively evaluate and guide resuscitation of critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the learning curve for surgical residents to perform and interpret the results of the FADE examination using simulation and competency-based assessment. Methods Novice surgical residents were enrolled in a FADE curriculum prospectively. The curriculum involved 4 successive sessions of 45 minutes of simulation followed by 5 FADE examinations on surgical intensive care unit patients. Examination performance was evaluated using a standardized scoresheet (15 points total) and plotted by session. Independent and paired t test and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results In total, 20 individuals completed 390 FADE examinations. Performance increased from 45 ± 13% accuracy in the first session to 89 ± 9% accuracy in the fourth session (p Conclusion Surgical residents are able to achieve proficiency at performing and interpreting the results of FADE examination and predicting central venous pressure. Residents achieved mastery of evaluation of ventricular function, pericardial assessment, and volume status after 4 training sessions. The ability to teach surgical residents the use of the FADE examination can guide resuscitation without invasive monitoring.
Restoring the Balance of Power in Corporate Management: Enforcing an Officer's Duty of Obedience

The issue of corporate officers' fiduciary duties has been a neglected area of Delaware law for over seventy years. This is surprising given the power and authority that these individuals wield over a corporation's business and affairs. The transgressions that took place at large public corporations such as Enron and WorldCom serve as reminders, even after all these years, of how officer misconduct can dramatically affect a corporation's fortunes. Following the scandals that occurred in corporate America in the beginning of the twenty-first century, as well as those that emerged in the recent financial crisis, there has been a renewed focus in certain quarters on rethinking the officer-centric model of corporate management that has come to exist.Viewed as an effective means of achieving good corporate governance, much of the discussions surrounding increasing officer accountability pertain to the appropriate model for officer fiduciary duties and the standard of liability for such duties. This article discusses the application to officers of the duty of obedience that exists in agency law and asserts that emphasizing this duty of officers would be an effective step toward restoring the proper balance of power in corporate management. Based on the concept that certain persons are not only subject to the authority and direction of others in an organization's hierarchy, but have an affirmative duty to implement those directions, the duty of obedience exemplifies the relationship between directors and officers contemplated by corporate statutes and case law. Accordingly, this article asserts that focusing on enforcing the fiduciary duty of obedience would advance efforts to distinguish more clearly the governance responsibilities of officers from those of directors as well as increase officer accountability.
The IEEE Security and Privacy Symposium Workshops

To bring the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy to a wider audience, IEEE Security a Privacy magazine's editorial board decided to devote one special issue each year to a reprise of selected symposium papers. This year, the special issue focuses on two of the Security and Privacy Workshops held in conjunction with the symposium. Three articles discuss security in Web systems, and the fourth describes the emerging field of privacy engineering and the motivation, content, and results of the first workshop on this topic.
Potential of Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Counts to Estimate Larval Populations to Make Control Decisions

A corn root worm larval sampling technique was evaluated for 5 years in eastern Nebraska. The percentage of larvae of Diabrotica spp. detected in field samples by an experienced scout ranged from 3 to 6% for 1st instars, 6 to 18% for 2nd instars, and 18 to 21% for 3rd instars. High correlations were found between field and absolute counts for all 5 years. Scout experience apparently influenced the number of larvae detected in the field. The number of days from hatch until the first larva was detected in the field ranged from 3 to 11 days. The time frame from field detection to potentially serious root damage is apparently too small for this technique to be used to make control decisions to minimize damage. However, it may be of some value in making emergency treatment recommendations.
Design of Dual-phase Dual-storage Pseudo-parallel Color Pixels

For color sequential operation display, the duty- cycle is very important for display quality. We have reported the dual- phase dual- storage pseudo- parallel color operation to improve the duty. The design of dual- phase dual- storage pseudo- parallel pixel is introduced in this paper.
Study on Mechanism of ADR in Medical Dispute

It is a special historical time that China is experiencing the social and medical reformation.It seems unusual for the growth rate of medical disputes and the complex social problems in dealing with medical dispute.It is necessary to resolve medical disputes fast,effective and low-cost,establish and maintain a good doctor-patient relationship,effectively integrate the resources for dispute resolution,and explore the diversified medical dispute resolution system.Alternative dispute resolution(ADR) is a good international common method of resolving medical disputes.This study summarizes the development background and foreign medical dispute resolution mechanism of ADR;moreover,combined with China's national conditions,we put forward some recommendations for construction and improvement of ADR medical dispute mechanism in China.
Structural basis for regulation of human calcium-sensing receptor by magnesium ions and an unexpected tryptophan derivative co-agonist.

Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) modulate calcium and magnesium homeostasis and many (patho)physiological processes by responding to extracellular stimuli, including divalent cations and amino acids. We report the first crystal structure of the extracellular domain (ECD) of human CaSR bound with Mg2+ and a tryptophan derivative ligand at 2.1 A. The structure reveals key determinants for cooperative activation by metal ions and aromatic amino acids. The unexpected tryptophan derivative was bound in the hinge region between two globular ECD subdomains, and represents a novel high-affinity co-agonist of CaSR. The dissection of structure-function relations by mutagenesis, biochemical, and functional studies provides insights into the molecular basis of human diseases arising from CaSR mutations. The data also provide a novel paradigm for understanding the mechanism of CaSR-mediated signaling that is likely shared by the other family C GPCR [G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptor] members and can facilitate the development of novel CaSR-based therapeutics.
Strategic issues requiring public accountability: food for thought.

Although the exact outline of U.S. health reform has become fuzzy because of political events, it seems clear that major changes in the manner in which health care is delivered and financed are under way. The initiative for the most part has been assumed by state government and by the health care field itself, as managed care becomes ever more entrenched and the health care system becomes ever more integrated. An expected outcome of these changes will be demands for greater public accountability on the part of health care providers and organizations. In this article, the author discusses some of the issues--professional compensation, documenting community service, ensuring public input into planning efforts, economic credentialing and quality of care, and managing ethics under managed competition--that will have to be addressed at the local level as these shifts take place.
Medical marijuana laws and pregnancy: implications for public health policy.

Although there is much to learn yet about the effects of prenatal marijuana use on pregnancy and child outcome, there is enough evidence to suggest that marijuana, contrary to popular perception, is not a harmless drug, especially when used during pregnancy. Consequently, the public health system has a responsibility to educate physicians and the public about the impact of marijuana on pregnancy and to discourage the use of medical marijuana by pregnant women or women considering pregnancy.
A polynomial-time method to find the sparsest unobservable attacks in power networks

Power injection attacks that alter generation and loads at buses in power networks are studied. The system operator employs Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to detect such physical attacks, while attackers devise attacks that are unobservable by such PMU networks. “Unalterable buses”, whose power injections cannot be changed, are also considered in our model. It is shown that, given the PMU locations, the minimum sparsity of unobservable attacks has a simple form with probability one, namely, equation, where equation is defined as the vulnerable vertex connectivity of an augmented graph. The constructive proof allows one to find the entire set of the sparsest unobservable attacks in polynomial time.
Christian Ethics: The “Non-Person” and the Insights of Liberation Theology for a Twenty-First Century World

Latin American liberation theology began to coalesce as a distinct theological movement in the early 1970s. Energized by Vatican II and progressive groups of bishops, Catholic and Protestant theologians rearticulated the social teaching of the Christian church in ways that made it more consequential on a political and social level. Humanization and distributive justice became overriding concerns in a continent scarred by grinding poverty and political repression, the deadly legacy of colonialism, and neo-colonialism. Theologians have always insisted that the nonnegotiable starting point for the believing community must be the “non-person” who lives in poverty and is excluded from political life. Although there has been economic and political progress in Latin America, far too many “non-persons” continue to die before their time. This undeniable fact lays the foundation for what is called a preferential option for the poor. This is the epistemological starting point for Christian belief and spirituality.
The Signature of Inhomogeneous Superconductivity

Superconductivity can be inhomogeneous, having a periodically modulated order parameter, in materials that have long electronic mean free paths and where the effects of vortices are suppressed. One class of materials that has these properties is crystalline organic superconductors. They are stoichiometric compounds and highly anisotropic crystals such that the vortices that form can hide in the least conducting layers. We analyze recent data to look for complexity in the inhomogeneous states, such as changes in the order parameter nodal structure.
Numerical modeling of quantum waveguide device

A numerical approach based on the finite element method (FEM) and rigorous mode-matching method is described for quantum waveguide devices with multistep discontinuities, arbitrary potential and effective mass profiles. Dispersion relations and transport properties are simulated for nonuniform quantum waveguide composed of semiconductor heterostructures. Radiation characteristics are studied in detail with respect to different kinds of structures.
Evolution and impact of lymph node dissection during pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.

Background Insufficient examination of lymph nodes after pancreaticoduodenectomy can lead some pancreatic cancer patients with N1 disease to be misclassified as N0. We examined trends in lymph node dissection throughout time and investigated how these changes affect lymph node status and its prognostic value. Methods The National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients with nonmetastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2004–2013) who underwent classic pancreaticoduodenectomy with antrectomy. Logistic regression was performed for odds of node positivity. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the impact of lymph node status on overall survival for patients diagnosed during 2-year intervals from 2004–2012. Results Median number of examined lymph nodes was 10 (interquartile range 6–15) in 2004 vs 17 (interquartile range 12–24) in 2013. Number of lymph nodes examined was a significant predictor of N1 disease (P < .0001), with a plateau at 30 nodes. N1 disease increased from 64.4% to 68.0% (P < .0001). Survival for both N1 and N0 subgroups improved. In successive multivariate models, N0 versus N1 status was consistently protective for overall survival (P < .0001), but there was no change in the magnitude of its hazard ratio over time (overall hazard ratio 0.691; 95% confidence interval 0.660–0.723). Conclusion Contemporary patients have an adequate number of nodes examined during standard pancreaticoduodenectomy. This, along with rising rates of N1 cancer detection and improved survival for both node-positive and node-negative patients, suggest more accurate classification of lymph node status. However, no increased benefit is achieved beyond 30 nodes. Overall, lymph node status remains a strong prognosticator for overall survival.
Creating a better tomorrow: Teaching applied cultural anthropological research by reimagining service learning and community engagement

Service learning combines classroom instruction with meaningful community service. This article presents a project grounded in this concept that developed in a graduate-level Applied Cultural Anthropology class to provide students the opportunity to learn by applying textbook information and anthropological methods to real world issues. Anthropology students researched elementary school children's concept of the future of their community. This article documents those perspectives. Graduate students visited local elementary schools and interviewed fourth graders, asking them to reflect on their city, design an ideal future community, and portray these in artwork. The project focuses on initiated change and encourages community engagement and partnerships between schools, higher education, and various community members. Outcomes include a coloring book, an illustrated report, and an instruction manual for conducting similar projects. Anthropology students benefitted in numerous ways, including a better understanding of applied anthropology and methodology as well as knowledge and experience.
QING MILITARY INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY, 1640–1800

This article underscores the impact of the Qing dynasty’s war making capacity and organization on non-military areas. Following a brief account of the Qing military establishment and its major operations in the first half of the dynasty, i.e., 1640–1800, it explores several important examples of how Qing military institutions interacted with the civil bureaucracy and society at large. First, through the practice of appointing officials across the divide between the civil and military bureaucracies, military personnel penetrated into the domain of the civil state apparatus, quietly transforming the Qing government’s makeup. Second, Qing military costs deeply influenced the distribution of dynastic financial resources and general administration at all levels. Finally, the Qing’s wartime logistical system engaged both the civil bureaucracy and society, opening many opportunities for both civil bureaucracy personnel and the private sector, which in turn re-shaped the local socio-economic landscape.
Disulfide Bond Mimetics: Strategies and Challenges

The activity profile of many biologically relevant proteins and peptides often relies on a precise 3D structural organization. In this context, disulfide bonds are natural covalent constraints that play a key role in driving and stabilizing the folding pattern of these molecules. Despite its prominent significance as structural motif, the disulfide bond itself is inherently unstable under physiological conditions, posing a major limit to the use and development of disulfide-rich peptides and proteins as molecular tools and drug lead compounds. To tackle this restriction, disulfide engineering with stable functional analogues has arisen a considerable interest. Here, the most popular approaches to disulfide replacement are reviewed and discussed with particular emphasis on advantages and limitations under both functional and synthetic perspectives.
The Relationship Between Incontinence and Erectile Dysfunction After Robotic Prostatectomy: Are They Mutually Exclusive?

Abstract Background Urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED) remain the most common long-term complications of prostatectomy, with a significant impact on sexual health and quality of life. Aims To determine the relation between UI and moderate to severe ED and the risk factors for UI in patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Methods Patients in our institutional database who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for prostate cancer (2006–2013) and who completed the University of California–Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) surveys at 12 months after prostatectomy were eligible for inclusion. Men who reported use of no urinary pads per day were considered continent, whereas men who used at least one pad per day were considered incontinent. Men with moderate to severe ED based on a SHIM score no higher than 11 were considered to have ED. Patients who had preoperative moderate to severe ED and/or UI based on these definitions were excluded from further analysis. Outcomes A better understanding of what increases the risk for UI after a prostatectomy and how it can co-occur with ED. Results We analyzed 464 patients who met the inclusion criteria. After prostatectomy, 36% of patients had UI and 47% of patients had moderate to severe ED. Of all patients with ED, 45% (98 of 216) were incontinent compared with 27% (67 of 248) of patients without ED (P Clinical Implications Understanding that ED is an independent predictor of UI after robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy has important clinical implications and suggests a common anatomic pathway. Strengths and Limitations Our focus on different measurements of incontinence and their relation to ED and our use of validated questionnaires to define incontinence and ED were important strengths of this study. Limitations of our study include its retrospective nature and the fact that our results were drawn from a single-center database of a tertiary referral hospital. Conclusion Our results show that the presence of moderate to severe ED after prostatectomy is an independent risk factor for incontinence, suggesting a possible common pathway for these two complications. Further studies to investigate the anatomic and clinical bases of this relation are warranted. Tsikis ST, Nottingham CU, Faris SF. The Relationship Between Incontinence and Erectile Dysfunction After Robotic Prostatectomy: Are They Mutually Exclusive? J Sex Med 2017;14:1241–1247.
Analysis of hydroelastic slamming of flexible structures: modeling and experiments

Abstract With the growing interest in the integration of lightweight composite materials in marine vessels, the study of hydroelastic slamming becomes of paramount importance. Here, we propose an integrated theoretical and experimental approach to elucidate the physics of slamming during both the water entry and exit of flexible wedges. The deformation of the wedge is described through Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the fluid flow is modelled using a combination of the classical Wagner and von Karman theories. Experiments are conducted on a wedge with 25° deadrise angle, whose motion is controlled using a pneumatic control system. The pressure field in the fluid is reconstructed from particle image velocimetry data by integrating incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Experimental results confirm that the free surface elevation during water exit is significantly different than entry and the pressure is larger than the atmospheric pressure during water entry, while it may be less than atmospheric pressure during the exit stage.
Assessing the Role of Gambling on Problematic Alcohol Consumption by Police Officers

While a number of studies have attributed critical incident stressors to alcohol abuse among police officers, no study has examined the role gambling, if any, plays on problematic alcohol consumption. Therefore, data from the Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997-1999 are analyzed to test the influence of gambling on problematic alcohol consumption engaged by police officers. Results indicated that gambling is significant in predicting problematic alcohol consumption. Burnout, peer drinking, and self-control also predicted the dependent variable. The study's results, as well as the study's limitations and directions for future research, are also discussed.
Learning alternative movement coordination patterns using reinforcement feedback

One of the characteristic features of the human motor system is redundancy-i.e., the ability to achieve a given task outcome using multiple coordination patterns. However, once participants settle on using a specific coordination pattern, the process of learning to use a new alternative coordination pattern to perform the same task is still poorly understood. Here, using two experiments, we examined this process of how participants shift from one coordination pattern to another using different reinforcement schedules. Participants performed a virtual reaching task, where they moved a cursor to different targets positioned on the screen. Our goal was to make participants use a coordination pattern with greater trunk motion, and to this end, we provided reinforcement by making the cursor disappear if the trunk motion during the reach did not cross a specified threshold value. In Experiment 1, we compared two reinforcement schedules in two groups of participants-an abrupt group, where the threshold was introduced immediately at the beginning of practice; and a gradual group, where the threshold was introduced gradually with practice. Results showed that both abrupt and gradual groups were effective in shifting their coordination patterns to involve greater trunk motion, but the abrupt group showed greater retention when the reinforcement was removed. In Experiment 2, we examined the basis of this advantage in the abrupt group using two additional control groups. Results showed that the advantage of the abrupt group was because of a greater number of practice trials with the desired coordination pattern. Overall, these results show that reinforcement can be successfully used to shift coordination patterns, which has potential in the rehabilitation of movement disorders.
Anarchism and Art

The arts have been integral to anarchism since its inception in the nineteenth century. Foundational thinkers including Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Peter Kropotkin, and Emma Goldman wrote persuasively and eloquently about the power of art as a potential tool of social criticism, revolutionary vision, and an essential component of a life free of domination. Some contemporary anarchists pick up on these themes while opening new ones: especially, the relation between art and anarchists’ quest for a life free of alienation, and the role played by some popular forms of art in opening cracks in dominant structures of everyday life where anarchist values and practices can take root. They emphasise the prefigurative capacity of art: its capacity for pointing toward a better world of greater freedom and less domination, and the ways some art forms already model that world. This chapter will, first of all, summarise the arguments of foundational and contemporary anarchists while further developing some of them. Second, for purposes of illustration, it will interpret several popular art forms in terms of anarchist values of autonomy, equality, power, and direct action. Third, the chapter will argue that these art forms prefigure deeper forms of democracy than currently practised in neoliberal democracies.
Effect of DDT ingestion on total cholesterol content of ovaries of white rat.

Summary and conclusionsFemale albino rats, age 30 days at beginning of the experiments, were fed ad libitum ground feed diets containing 100, 300, or 600 p.p.m. of pure p, p′ DDT. After 60 days, at age 90 days, the rats were sacrificed, ovaries were removed, weighed, and analysed either for total cholesterol or for organic chloride. Control females were handled the same way except food was uncontaminated with DDT. Other groups of 30-day females were started on 800 and 1,000 p.p.m. DDT diets but had to be sacrificed after 11 and 5 days, respectively, when death was imminent. Normal average ovarian organic chloride from control rats was 594 μ/g of tissue (range 558-637); average ovarian total cholesterol was 6.7 parts/1,000 (range 6.0-7.5). Average weight of both ovaries from control 90-day rats was 66.8 mg. On 100, 300, and 600 p.p.m. diets, the average calculated DDT contents of the ovaries were 364, 1423, and 2594 μ/g of ovary; the total cholesterol values were 3.9, 4.6 and 4.1 parts 1,000, respectively....
Pathogenesis of Gestational Trophoblastic Lesions

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) can be broadly divided into two groups, hydatidiform moles, which represent abnormally formed placentas, and trophoblastic tumors, and tumor-like lesions. In contrast to hydatidiform moles, the pathogenesis of trophoblastic tumors and tumor-like lesions is largely unknown. In recent years, progress has been made in elucidating the biology of human trophoblast. The identification and characterization of the genes expressed in human trophoblast has led to a further understanding of the lineage and differentiation program of trophoblast and related this to trophoblastic lesions. It is now clear that trophoblastic lesions recapitulate the trophoblast present in the early developing placenta and implantation site. In this chapter, some of these recent observations will be summarized and correlated with the morphology and biology of human trophoblast in normal placentation and in trophoblastic disease.
SYMMETRIES OF THE HUBBARD MODEL AND THE θ TERM IN THE σ-MODEL

Recently, it has been shown that the strong coupling limit of the half-filled Hubbard model has SU(2) gauge invariance. The 2+1-dimensional nonlinear a model with the customary θ term does not have this symmetry — instead it has a U(1) gauge symmetry. A modification of the θ term is suggested so that the model acquires SU(2) — or rather SO(3) —gauge symmetry. The symmetries of this modified model thus resemble more closely those of the strongly coupled half-filled Hubbard model. Gauge invariance of the new model, unlike that of the U(1) model, requires quantization of the angle θ. The allowed θ values are mπ/2 (mod 2π) with m an integer. Hence the allowed soliton spins are m/4 (m∈Z) while their statistics are governed by their spins in the usual way.
The Scalability of Embedded Structured Grids and Unstructured Grids in Large Scale Ice Sheet Modeling on Distributed Memory Parallel Computers

Currently, there are two approaches to implementing large-scale ice sheet simulations. One approach, which is based on the use of an evenly-spaced structured grid, is to simulate the entire ice sheet at the highest resolution required. The other approach is to model the ice sheet at different levels of resolution using unstructured meshes. Structured grids lend themselves quite well to partitioning on multi-core, distributed memory parallel computers, leading to good computational efficiency, load-balancing and reduced communication costs. The disadvantage is the significant computational resources required to model a system of this size at a high enough resolution to correctly model regions of the ice sheet undergoing rapid change. Unstructured meshes can reduce such costs by allocating more computational resources to areas of the ice sheet whose dynamics are evolving quickly and fewer resources to areas evolving more slowly. However, unstructured meshes do not easily lend themselves to effective decomposition on distributed memory parallel computers, and can experience poor cache utilization, significant load imbalance, high communication costs, and increased synchronization times. In this paper, we describe our alternative approach based on embedded simulation, which provides a degree of multi-resolution capabilities to structured grids while maintaining many of the computational efficiencies that come with the structured approach. We provide experimental results focusing on the scalability characteristics and cache efficiency of each approach as a function of increasing problem size and core counts. We show that the embedded approach scales very well across all problem sizes and core counts, and that the unstructured approach scales well at smaller problem sizes and core counts but degrades significantly as the problem size becomes large.
Pericentrin Knocks Down Cilia in Trisomy 21.

Down syndrome is a developmental disorder caused by chromosome 21 trisomy, whereas ciliopathies result from defective primary cilia. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Galati et al. (2018) establish a link between these diseases, finding that cilium function is compromised in Down syndrome as a result of increased Pericentrin expression.
Escape to Miami: An Oral History of the Cuban Rafter Crisis. By Elizabeth Campisi

Escape to Miami, by Elizabeth Campisi, provides a detailed look at the traumatic effects of a sparsely documented event, the 1994 Cuban Rafter Crisis. The author witnessed the crisis when she worke...
Additive Manufacturing of Ni-Rich NiTiHf 20 : Manufacturability, Composition, Density, and Transformation Behavior

In this work, the effects of process parameters on the fabrication of NiTiHf alloys using selective laser melting are studied. Specimens were printed using bidirectional scanning pattern and with various sets of process parameters of laser power (100–250 W), hatch spacing (60–140 µm), and scanning speed (200–1000 mm/s). Cracking and delamination formation, dimensional accuracy, density, and transformation temperatures were examined. Despite the brittle nature of the alloy, fully dense parts have been produced. Laser scanning speed and volumetric energy density were found to be the most influential process parameters on fabricating defect-free samples. It was shown that transformation temperatures are highly dependent on the process parameters. By proper choice of parameters, it is possible to tailor the austenite finish temperature from 100 to 400 °C. The most influential factors on transformation behavior were found to be the laser power and energy density. It is worth noting that these two parameters at higher levels resulted in high process temperatures and therefore a larger level of Ni evaporation. Among the four parameters that constitute the energy density, the hatch spacing does not significantly affect the transformation temperatures. These findings serve as the foundation of developing HTSMA devices with desired geometrical and functional properties.
Image-Guided Ablation of Dental Calculus From Root Surfaces Using a DPSS Er:YAG Laser.

Background and objectives Recent studies have demonstrated that near-infrared (IR) imaging can be used to acquire high-contrast images of root caries and calculus on the root surfaces of extracted teeth at wavelengths longer than 1450 nm. The purpose of this study was to determine if image-guided laser ablation can be used to selectively remove calculus from tooth surfaces with minimal damage to the underlying sound cementum and dentin. Materials and methods In this study, sequential near-IR images at 1500-1700 nm were used to guide a diode-pumped (DPSS) Er:YAG laser for the removal of calculus from the root surfaces of 10 extracted teeth. The selectivity of removal was assessed using digital microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and surface profilometry. Results Calculus was removed rapidly with minimal damage to the underlying sound cementum and dentin. Image-guided ablation achieved high-selectivity, the mean volume of calculus removal was more than 27 times higher than the mean loss of cementum. Conclusions We have demonstrated that near-IR image-guided laser ablation can be used for the selective removal of calculus from root surfaces ex vivo. Additionally, we have demonstrated that a diode-pumped solid-state Er:YAG laser is well suited for selective removal. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facility Design: “Smart” Facilities Contribute to Advancement of Knowledge and Facilitate Learning

Preparing to play involves translation of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) into practice. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics contribute to the discovery of cause-effect relationships that affect human performance. Artistic aspects of movement as in dance and gymnastics as well as architecture can also be key in that they can invite participation, foster personalized expression, encourage self-directed discovery during ongoing interaction with the environment. Thoughtful design of the space that affords movement under realistic conditions and accommodates different forms of interactive media can provide engaging “smart” spaces where individuals can work and play together to advance knowledge. When designing these spaces, the challenges encountered by individual participants and the team need to be fully understood so that the right tools can be effectively integrated into functional learning spaces. Technology incorporated into these training environments includes high-speed video, wearable sensors, instrumented surfaces, as well as model simulation, computer vision, and data visualization tools to create a “smart” training space. Information generated in these “smart” learning and training environments can advance the working knowledge of all involved, including coaches, athletes, sports medicine professionals, researchers, and administrators. In addition, these same high- and low-tech tools can be used to support skill acquisition processes and track performance improvements of athletes at all skill levels.
Integrating Computing and Computational Thinking into K-12 STEM Learning

Policymakers believe that preparing all students from the earliest grades to high school for a new future of STEM+Computing (STEM+C) integration involves teaching them not only the science and math central to these areas, but also how computational thinking is integral to STEM disciplines. This panel brings together four researchers who focus on research and development of interdisciplinary approaches to the integration of computing within STEM teaching and learning for preK-12 students. They will share the most impactful, practical, and promising approaches to STEM+C integration, their pros and cons, challenges, and key insights to successful STEM+C integration at all grade levels.
Potential Future Aviation Communication Technologies

Aviation growth is occurring in all sectors of the industry: numbers of commercial passenger, freight, experimental, and especially unmanned flights are rising steadily. This requires advances in aeronautics as well as in air traffic management (ATM). Multiple organizations worldwide are working on research and development for future ATM, including NASA and the FAA, EuroControl, major airlines, aviation support industries, and academia. Three key elements underlying efficient ATM are communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS). In this paper we focus on communications for future ATM. As part of a University Leadership Initiative project sponsored by NASA, we are investigating current and future communications technologies that can be applied to enhance ATM, specifically air traffic safety and efficiency. These technologies pertain to air-ground (AG), air-air (AA), and terrestrial communications at aerodromes (airports, airstrips, etc.). One portion of our work addresses more “futuristic” approaches, and this is the subject of this paper. After a brief review of current and currently planned aviation communications technologies, we describe several potential future aviation communication technologies and tools. This includes techniques that are used at present, but largely in non-aviation settings, such as free-space optical communications, troposcatter communications, and near-vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) communications in the HF band. We also discuss some very new techniques still under investigation by the communications research community: orbital angular momentum transmission, orthogonal time-frequency-space (OTFS) modulation, and the application of machine learning to ATM in functions such as dynamic spectrum allocation and spatial trajectory planning. A short review of these techniques is provided, along with an estimate of their potentials and application areas for future air traffic management.
Representation Based Meta-Learning for Few-Shot Spoken Intent Recognition.

Spoken intent detection has become a popular approach to interface with various smart devices with ease. However, such systems are limited to the preset list of intents-terms or commands, which restricts the quick customization of personal devices to new intents. This paper presents a few-shot spoken intent classification approach with task-agnostic representations via meta-learning paradigm. Specifically, we leverage the popular representation-based meta-learning learning to build a task-agnostic representation of utterances, that then use a linear classifier for prediction. We evaluate three such approaches on our novel experimental protocol developed on two popular spoken intent classification datasets: Google Commands and the Fluent Speech Commands dataset. For a 5-shot (1-shot) classification of novel classes, the proposed framework provides an average classification accuracy of 88.6% (76.3%) on the Google Commands dataset, and 78.5% (64.2%) on the Fluent Speech Commands dataset. The performance is comparable to traditionally supervised classification models with abundant training samples.
The Value of Descriptive Analytics: Evidence from Online Retailers

Does the adoption of descriptive analytics impact online retailer performance, and if so, how? We use the synthetic control method to analyze the staggered adoption of a retail analytics dashboard by more than 1,000 e-commerce websites, and find an increase of 13–20% in average weekly revenues post-adoption. We demonstrate that only retailers that adopt and use the dashboard reap these benefits. The increase in revenue is not explained by price changes or advertising optimization. Instead, it is consistent with the addition of prospecting and personalization technologies to retailer websites. The adoption and usage of descriptive analytics also increases the diversity of products sold, the number of transactions, the numbers of website visitors and unique customers, and the revenue from repeated customers. In contrast, there is no change in basket size. Put together, these findings are consistent with an indirect effect of descriptive analytics, and they suggest that the adoption of analytics serves as a monitoring device that allows retailers to assess the value of new technologies. Without using the descriptive dashboard, retailers are unable to reap the benefits associated with these technologies.