cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of banker plants and spiders on biological control by Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Banker plant systems are a form of conservation biological control intended to enhance natural enemy efficacy by providing an alternative source of food when prey items are scarce or absent. The Black Pearl pepper, Capsicum annuum 'Black Pearl', banker plant system provides pollen to sustain populations of the omnivorous predator Orius insidiosus say (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). Black Pearl pepper pollen has been shown in previous studies to increase O. insidiosus longevity, survival to adult, female size, and abun- dance, and decrease nymphal development time. However, there is no research demonstrating the effi- cacy of this banker plant system in commercial crop production. We investigated the efficacy of the Black Pearl pepper banker plant system compared to augmentative releases of O. insidiosus for thrips management at a commercial nursery that produces native and ornamental grasses. We found that aug- mentative releases of O. insidiosus effectively reduced thrips abundance in hoop houses compared to houses where no predators were released. However, the presence of banker plants did not further reduce thrips abundance. Interestingly, we found spiders in 82% of banker plant samples during this experiment and hypothesized that spiders could reduce access to floral resources provided by banker plants, thus reducing their benefits for biological control. We found that spiders reduced O. insidiosus abundance on banker plants by increasing the rate at which O. insidiosus emigrate and reducing their survival. We conclude that this banker plant system may be more successful in enclosed growing systems where higher-order predators and emigration of O. insidiosus is restricted.
An Abstract Consideration: De-Ontologizing the Noema

I had first thought of entitling this paper—after the model of Jonathan Swift—“A Modest Proposal For Preventing the Noema From Becoming an Entity and thereby a Burden to Philosophical Reflection.” The rhetorical purpose of such a title would be to encourage participants in this conference on Husserl’s notion of the noema never to use the term “noema” again. The reason for such encouragement is that a technical term used by Husserl within a non-ordinary, philosophical attitude to denote an ordinary object abstractly considered has come to be used instead to denote a non-ordinary object. This mistaking of an ordinary thing specially considered for a special thing does in fact prove to be a burden to philosophical reflection, and to eliminate the term would contribute to eliminating the burden. Now while I knew in fact that this probably should not and certainly would not happen, I hoped at least to dispel the view that noemata are entities present (but hidden) in our ordinary experiences, awaiting only to be disclosed through the methodological technique of the phenomenological reduction.
Eruptive Epidermoid Cysts Resulting from Treatment with Imiquimod

Background Because of its unique mechanism of action and safety profile, imiquimod, a topical immune response modifier, is used for many benign and malignant dermatologic conditions. Adverse effects are typically limited to treatment site erythema and erosion. Objective To describe a newly recognized adverse effect of imiquimod. Methods A 79-year-old woman being treated with imiquimod 5 days per week for a nodular basal cell developed a verrucous plaque over the treatment area after 7 weeks of therapy. Results Scouting biopsies demonstrated multiple comedones and ruptured epidermoid cysts. There was no evidence of residual basal cell carcinoma. Conclusions Imiquimod is a new and novel treatment option for cutaneous malignancies. We report its successful use in the treatment of a nodular basal cell carcinoma. The multiple comedones and ruptured epidermoid cysts are newly reported adverse effects of imiquimod therapy.
Metagenomic assessment of the functional potential of the rumen microbiome in Holstein dairy cows.

The microbial ecology of the rumen microbiome is influenced by the diet and the physiological status of the dairy cow and can have tremendous influence on the yield and components of milk. There are significant differences in milk yields between first and subsequent lactations of dairy cows, but information on how the rumen microbiome changes as the dairy cow gets older has received little attention. We characterized the rumen microbiome of the dairy cow for phylogeny and functional pathways by lactation group and stage of lactation using a metagenomics approach. Our findings revealed that the rumen microbiome was dominated by Bacteroidetes (70%), Firmicutes (15–20%) and Proteobacteria (7%). The abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were independently influenced by diet and lactation. Bacteroidetes contributed to a majority of the metabolic functions in first lactation dairy cows while the contribution from Firmicutes and Proteobacteria increased incrementally in second and third lactation dairy cows. We found that nearly 70% of the CAZymes were oligosaccharide breaking enzymes which reflect the higher starch and fermentable sugars in the diet. The results of this study suggest that the rumen microbiome continues to evolve as the dairy cow advances in lactations and these changes may have a significant role in milk production.
Remaining Useful Life Estimation with Lamb-Wave Sensors Based on Wiener Process and Principal Components Regression

This paper proposes a new approach for predicting the remaining useful life of a structure from Lamb wave sensor data using principal component regression and Wiener process degradation modeling. Principal component regression is used for extracting damage sensitive features of a Lamb wave sensor signal and establish a relation between the features and measured areas. A Wiener process is developed to model the random delamination growth and predict future damage and failure time probability. We use minimum squared prediction error to find the optimum number of features and the window inside a Lamb wave signal that is most sensitive to the fatigue damage. Method is illustrated on real sensor data collected under run-to-failure fatigue loading conditions.
Effect of reserpine on fatty acid mobilization.

SummaryReserpine treatment diminished but did not abolish the mobilization of free fatty acids (FFA) which occurs during fasting in rats. Reserpine also did not interfere with increased production of FFA resulting from administration of ovine growth hormone in vivo. Similarly reserpine failed to abolish this effect of corticotropin in vitro even when given in doses in excess of those known to deplete adipose tissue of norepinephrine. It may be concluded that the fat-mobilizing actions of these hormones are not dependent on the mediation of epinephrine or norepinephrine. Because the dose of reserpine used in these experiments also produced a mild but prolonged hyperglycemia, it cannot be definitely established whether the reduced response to fasting in reserpinetreated animals was due to the depletion of norepinephrine from adipose tissue or to the hyperglycemia.
Substance use patterns through early adulthood: results for youth with and without chronic conditions

Introduction Adolescence and emergent adulthood are periods of peak prevalence for substance use that pose risks for short- and long-term health harm, particularly for youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMC) who are transitioning from adolescence to adulthood. As there have been no nationally representative studies of substance use during this period for these medically vulnerable youth, the authors sought to examine onset and intensification of these behaviors for a national sample of youth with and without chronic conditions. Methods Longitudinal data are from 2,719 youth between the ages of 12 and 26 years interviewed from 2002 to 2011 for the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Child Development and Transition to Adulthood Supplements, a nationally representative, population-based survey. Multivariate generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate patterns of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use during adolescence and emergent adulthood for youth with and without chronic conditions, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Overall, 68.8%, 44.3%, and 47.8% of youth reported ever trying alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, respectively. Among users, 42.2%, 73.4%, and 50.3% of youth reported binge drinking, regular cigarette use, and recent marijuana use, respectively. YCMC were more likely to engage in any and heavier substance use; transition years and early adulthood were periods of peak risk for YCMC compared with their healthy peers. Conclusions Substance use among YCMC during adolescence and emergent adulthood is a substantial concern. Increased prevention and case detection are in order to address these behaviors and promote optimal health outcomes for medically vulnerable youth.
Radioautographic study of the diffusion of topically applied DDT-C14 into the house fly and its distribution in internal organs.

Freeze-drying and radioautographic techniques have been used to study the diffusion of topically applied DDT-C13, into Musca domestica L. and its distribution in the internal organs. Soon after topical application, the insecticide spread over the entire insect body, possibly through the wax mono layer. It did not diffuse through the cuticle, but penetrated into the body through memo areas. The cuticle absorbed the insecticide slowly, apparently from the wax mono layer. Inside the body the maximum concentration of radio activity took place in the alimentary canal, which acquired radio-activity within 15 minutes after topical application. In the midget, radioactivity was concentrated between the gut wall and the peritrophic membrane only. External washings of the fly contained 95% DDT and 5% DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis( p -chlorophenyl) ethylene.) Fly extracts contained only DDE.
Section E6.5-6.8 of the ACMG technical standards and guidelines: chromosome studies of lymph node and solid tumor-acquired chromosomal abnormalities.

Section E6.5–6.8 of the ACMG technical standards and guidelines: chromosome studies of lymph node and solid tumor–acquired chromosomal abnormalities
Structural Origin of the Thermal and Diffusion Behaviors of Lithium Aluminosilicate Crystal Polymorphs and Glasses

Lithium aluminosilicate polymorphs α–LiAlSi2O6, β–LiAlSi2O6, and the LiAlSi2O6 glass have been studied comparatively using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with an aim to better understand the structural origin of the different thermomechanical behaviors and lithium ion diffusion properties. The melting behaviors and structural evolution were investigated for the three phases using MD simulations. The structural features of the three simulated samples were analyzed using coordination number, pair and bond angle distributions. The results showed that β-LiAlSi2O6 and the LiAlSi2O6 glass had similar melting behavior, had more random short-range atomic structures, and lower densities as compared to the α-LiAlSi2O6 phase, which has a more ordered and compact structure. The lithium ion diffusion behavior in α–LiAlSi2O6, β–LiAlSi2O6, and LiAlSi2O6 glass and their melts are determined and compared by calculating the mean square displacements. It was found that at high temperatures, the melts of α–LiAlSi2O6, β–LiAlSi2O6, and LiAlSi2O6 glass had similar diffusion properties. While at low temperatures, α–LiAlSi2O6 had the lowest diffusion coefficient and highest diffusion energy barrier due to its more close-packed structure and lacking of defects to facilitate lithium ion diffusion. Both the β–LiAlSi2O6 and glass show high ionic conductivity even at low temperatures. This originates from their lower density and thus relatively open structures, but slightly different diffusion mechanisms. Lithium ion diffusion in β–LiAlSi2O6 is through the large available interstitial sites while that in the glass is through vacancies due to high free volume. The glass phase had slightly lower lithium ion diffusion energy barrier and higher lithium ion diffusion coefficients as compared to the β–LiAlSi2O6 phase, indicating the glass phase can achieve high ionic diffusion and, in some cases, even higher than the crystalline phases with similar densities and short-range structures.
sposition, configuration, parameter calculation and commissioning of PSS

abstractis paper introduces the requirements of PSS disposition, and the characteristics and suitable scope of various input signals. PSS with input signal Pe used in alternating exciter system and PSS adopting input signal △Pe+△Pf used in hydropower generator are also described. The calculation method of PSS phase compensation and gain selection is discussed. Various operation modes should be considered for PSS phase compensation, which makes robot of PSS better. The method of field test of PSS is introduced.
Epidural Butorphanol Augments Lidocaine Sensory Anesthesia during Labor

To determine the efficacy and safety of epidural butorphanol combined with lidocaine, 50 healthy parturients were studied during labor and delivery. All patients received a test dose of 3 ml 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine. Patients were then randomly assigned to receive 7 ml of one of two epidural regimens in a double-blind fashion: Group 1 patients received 1.5% lidocaine plus 1 mg butorphanol plus 1:300,000 epinephrine; Group 2 patients received 1.5% lidocaine plus 1:300,000 epinephrine. Each group consisted of 25 patients. The study ended at the time of redosing. All subsequent epidural injections were made with one bolus of plain 0.25% bupivacaine followed by continuous infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine. Duration of anesthesia was significantly longer for Group 1 compared to Group 2 ( p
l-Arginine in the Uterus and Placenta and During Gestation in Mammals

Often considered to be one of the most versatile amino acids, l-arginine is classified as a basic, cationic amino acid with three amine groups comprising a guanidino group in the side chain. l-arginine was first isolated from lupin seedlings by Schulze and Steiger (Z Physiol Chem 11:43–65, 1886), and shortly thereafter, Hedin (Z Physiol Chem 21:297–305, 1895) discovered that l-arginine is a component of animal proteins (as reviewed by Wu and Morris, Biochem J 336(Pt 1):1–17, 1998). Following the discovery of l-arginine, many efforts to determine its essentiality or dispensability were undertaken with a definitive answer still being debated today. The results from Scull and Rose (J Biol Chem 89(1):109–123, 1930) suggested that l-arginine was a dispensable or nonessential amino acid. This finding was repeated in humans by Rose and colleagues (J Biol Chem 206(1):421–430, 1954) who reported that removal of l-arginine from the diet did not result in a negative nitrogen balance in adult males.
Scientific Literacy as a Foundational Competency for Teachers of Mindfulness-based Interventions

Scientific literacy is a foundational competency for MBI teachers that empowers them to draw from the existing scientific research to enhance their pedagogy and serves as a foundation for all aspects of evidence-based practice. Most importantly, scientific literacy of MBI teachers maintains the credibility and public trust in MBIs. This chapter includes a description of the interdependence of MBIs and scientific research, a basic knowledge of the science of meditation, and practical methods to integrate science-based didactic material into the MBI curriculum. Skills for evaluating the ever-changing evidence-base of scientific research are provided in order to empower teachers to develop their own model. In evidenced-based practice beyond the classroom, scientific literacy informs ethical and clinical decision making, including inclusion and exclusion criteria and the ongoing process of informed consent in order to maximize benefits and minimize harm.
Incidence and Clinical Course of Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients Receiving Thalidomide for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma.

Background: Although thalidomide induced neuropathy has been described for decades, many features such as incidence, risk factors, severity and character of the neuropathy are not well defined. We retrospectively reviewed the incidence and clinical course of peripheral neuropathy in patients treated with thalidomide or thalidomide/dexamethasone (Thal/Dex) on a Phase II Mayo Clinic trial. Methods: Patients who participated in a Mayo Clinic Phase II trial of thalidomide in myeloma were studied. In this trial, patients with SMM and RMM received thalidomide 200 mg per day escalated as tolerated to a maximum of 800 mg/day. Patients with NMM received thalidomide 200 mg/day plus dexamethasone 40 mg/day orally on days 1–4, 9–12, 17–20 (odd cycles) and 40 mg/day days 1–4 (even cycles) repeated monthly. The incidence and clinical course of neuropathy was assessed by chart review. The study was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board. Results: All 113 patients (70 male, 43 female) treated on trial were studied; 31 patients with smoldering/indolent myeloma (SMM), 32 patients with relapsed/refractory myeloma (RMM) and 50 patients with newly diagnosed myeloma (NMM). Patients were accrued to the parent protocol from April 1999 through March 2002. The median age was 62 years (range, 36–78). The median duration of thalidomide therapy on protocol was 15 months in SMM, 6 months in RMM and 4 months in NMM. Overall, 63 patients (56 %) developed symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. The incidence of neuropathy was 77%, 50%, and 46% in patients with SMM, RMM, and NMM, respectively. Neuropathy worsened during the treatment phase with/without dose reduction or after cessation in 15%, remained stable in 52%, and improved in 27%. Overall grade of neuropathy was grade 1 in most pts; 11% of all patients had grade 2 neuropathy and 2% had grade 3 neuropathy. Predominant symptoms of neuropathy were tingling and numbness involving both upper limb and lower limbs. Small subsets of patients complained of hearing loss 6 patients), and erectile dysfunction (4 patients). Electromyographic studies and nerve conduction studies were performed in 11 patients; the most common finding was a length dependent axonal neuropathy. Conclusion: Peripheral neuropathy is an important and common adverse event with thalidomide therapy that often limits the dose and duration of treatment. Its incidence and severity are likely related to dose and duration of therapy.
Speaking Back to the Neoliberal Agenda for Higher Education

The deliberate and well-crafted creep of neoliberalism into institutions of higher education has consequences for faculty that are likewise felt by students, families, and society at large. This ar...
Rare Esophageal Migration of AXIOS Stent Used for Walled-off Pancreatic Necrosis Drainage

The AXIOS stent (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) is a novel lumen-apposing self-expandable metallic stent designed for enteric drainage of nonadherent lumens. Efficacy and safety of using the AXIOS stent for pancreatic fluid drainage have been consistently shown in several studies. Although it is less common with this novel stent, stent migration still may happen. We present a case of AXIOS stent migration into the esophagus.
Analysis of Neuromodulator and Bursting Mechanisms a Model of Aplysia Neuron R15

Abstract We have improved and extended an equivalent circuit model of the bursting neuron R15 in Aplysia and have simulated the neuromodulatory effects of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), incorporating previously proposed mechanisms. The model produces dynamic model behavior consistent with the observed behavior of R15 in vitro , demonstrating the sufficiency of the proposed mechanisms. Responses of the model to extrinsic stimuli reveal that some of the seemingly paradoxical results can be attributed to the increase in conductance of two opposing currents, providing insight into the complex effects of the neuromodulation of multiple currents by a single neurotransmitter. These simulation results also suggest that neuromodulatory agents and second messengers act not only directly upon channel conductances, but also indirectly through the subsequent regulation of intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations. A nullcline and bifurcation analysis of reduced fast and slow subsystems of the model is employed to investigate the mathematical mechanism of bursting and neuromodulation. The slow processes define a steady-state manifold upon which the burst trajectory lies upon during the silent phase of the burst. The active (spiking) phase of the burst occurs as the slow system variables sweep into an oscillatory branch of the solution space of the fast subsystem via a homoclinic transition. The neuromodulatory effects of 5-HT and DA are examined by analyzing their effects upon the slow subsystem. Changes in behavioral modes (silence, bursting, beating) of the model are related to the occurence of subcritical Hopf bifurcations in the slow subsystem. Theses bifurcations are caused by the modulation of the shape of both the nullclines and manifold of the slow subsystem by 5-HT and DA.
NSLS source development laboratory

The National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) has initiated an ambitious project to develop fourth generation radiation sources. To achieve this goal, the Source Development Laboratory (SDL) builds on the experience gained at the NSLS, and at the highly successful BNL Accelerator Test Facility. The SDL accelerator system will consist of a high brightness short pulse linac, a station for coherent synchrotron and transition radiation experiments, a short bunch storage ring, and an ultra-violet free electron laser utilizing the NISUS wiggler. The electrons will be provided by a laser photocathode gun feeding a 210 MeV S-band electron linac, with magnetic bunch compression at 80 MeV. Electron bunches as short as 100 {mu}m with 1 nC charge will be used for pump-probe experiments utilizing coherent transition radiation. Beam will also be injected into a compact storage ring which will be a source of millimeter wave coherent synchrotron radiation. The linac will also serve as the driver for an FEL designed to allow the study of various aspects of single pass amplifiers. The first FEL configuration will be as a self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) FEL at 900 nm. Seeded beam and sub-harmonic seeded beam operations will push the output wavelength below 200 nm. Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) operation will also be possible, and a planned energy upgrade (by powering a fifth linac section) to 310 MeV will extend the wavelength range of the FEL to below 100 nm.
On the nonintegrability of equations for long- and short-wave interactions

Abstract We examine the integrability of two models used for the interaction of long and short waves in dispersive media. One is more classical but arguably cannot be derived from the underlying water wave equations, while the other one was recently derived. We use the method of Zakharov and Schulman to attempt to construct conserved quantities for these systems at different orders in the magnitude of the solutions. The coupled KdV–NLS model is shown to be nonintegrable, due to the presence of fourth-order resonances. A coupled real KdV–complex KdV system is shown to suffer the same fate, except for three special choices of the coefficients, where higher-order calculations or a different approach are necessary to conclude integrability or the absence thereof.
Digest: Extra-pair mating and inbreeding avoidance in a socially monogamous fairy-wren.

Infidelity in socially monogamous birds may be a mechanism of inbreeding avoidance and may be impacted by cooperative breeding. Hajduk et al. (2018) find that relatedness increases extra-pair mating only in mother-son social pairs of Malurus cyaneus, while a greater number of nest helpers consistently increases the proportion of extra-pair offspring. These findings suggest that there may be multiple explanations for extra-pair mating within a single population.
Ethnobotanical notes on “Yacon,”polymnia sonchifolia (Asteraceae)

Attention is directed to the latent possibilities of Polymnia sonchifolia (Asteraceae), long cultivated in the Andean cloud forest for its tuberous, inulin-reserving roots.
Soluble fibrin preparations inhibit the reaction of plasmin with alpha 2-macroglobulin. Comparison with alpha 2-antiplasmin and leupeptin.

The kinetics of plasmin inhibition by alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2AP), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) and leupeptin were studied in the presence of fibrin monomer (Fn) and CNBr fragments of fibrinogen (Fg-CNBr). Active plasmin was detected in continuous and discontinuous assays using the chromogenic substrate D-Val-L-Leu-L-Lys p-nitroanilide hydrochloride (S-2251). The two ‘fibrin-like’ preparations functioned as hyperbolic mixed-type inhibitors of S-2251 hydrolysis. The dissociation constants (KF) for the binding of plasmin to Fn and Fg-CNBr were 22 nM and 17 nM respectively. Fn and Fg-CNBr inhibited the reaction of plasmin with alpha 2AP: the extent of inhibition depended on the fibrin concentration. In the presence of 800 nM-Fn or 800 nM-Fg-CNBr, the experimental second-order rate constant (K″app.) was decreased from 2.4 x 10(7) M-1.s-1 to 1.2 x 10(6) and 5.3 x 10(5) M-1.s-1 respectively. The effect of Fn and Fg-CNBr on the rate of plasmin inhibition by alpha 2M was even greater. The k″app. value was decreased from 4.0 x 10(5) M-1.s-1 to 8.0 x 10(2) and 1.3 x 10(3) M-1.s-1 in the presence of 800 nM-Fn and -Fg-CNBr respectively. By contrast, the fibrin preparations caused only a small change in the rate of plasmin inhibition by leupeptin. The maximum change in k″app. was 3-fold. All plasmin inhibition curves were linear, suggesting that free and fibrin-bound forms of plasmin remained in equilibrium during the course of reaction with proteinase inhibitors. Fn and Fg-CNBr had no effect on the reaction of miniplasmin with S-2251, alpha 2AP or alpha 2M. When 125I-plasmin was incubated with Fg-CNBr and then allowed to react with a premixed solution of alpha 2AP and alpha 2M, the Fg-CNBr did not significantly change the percentage of plasmin bound to alpha 2AP. These experiments demonstrate that the reaction of plasmin with alpha 2M is inhibited by the non-covalent binding of plasmin to fibrin. We propose that plasmin bound to the surface of a clot is protected from inhibition by alpha 2M as well as by alpha 2AP.
GlcNAc-1-Phosphodiester α-N- Acetylglucosaminidase

N-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (phosphodiester α-GlcNAcase) is a type I membrane-spanning glycoprotein enzyme of the Golgi apparatus. It exists as a tetramer (272 kDa) composed of two dimers, each containing a pair of disulfide-linked monomers of 68 kDa. The enzyme catalyzes the second step in the formation of the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker on lysosomal enzyme oligosaccharides. It removes the “covering” GlcNAc residue from GlcNAc-P added during the first step to C-6-hydroxyl groups of selected mannose residues by the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phos- photransferase (phosphotransferase). The Man-6-P moiety exposed by phosphodiester α-GlcNAcase action is responsible for the specific, high-affinity binding of lysosomal enzymes to one of the two mannose-6-P receptors in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) that transport the lysosomal enzymes to endosomes and subsequently to lysosomes. Phosphodiester α-GlcNAcase activity is present in all tissues of higher eukaryotes examined but is absent in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum and in Acanthamoeba castellani each of which contains phosphotransferase activity (Couso et al. 1986).
The boundary of the ℳ-set is of dimension 2

It is conjectured that the boundary of the ℳ-set of the complex map has a Hausdorff-Besicovich fractal dimension equal to 2.
Neurologic immune related adverse events (irAEs) in patients with metastatic solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a single institution retrospective analysis (N6.001)

Objective: To characterize neurologic irAEs Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown significant antitumor activity and are approved for the treatment of multiple cancer types. ICIs are associated with a unique set of toxicities termed irAEs. This study seeks to review the incidence and clinical manifestations of patients who developed neurotoxicity with ICIs. Design/Methods: An IRB approved retrospective study involved review of charts and institutional databases. We identified patients who developed neurotoxicity while on at least one of the following ICIs: anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 over a 6 year period (1/1/2010–5/15/2016). Patients with primary brain tumors were excluded. Patients with brain metastases who had neurological change or decline consistent with this were not included as neurological irAEs. Results: We identified a total of 3,804 patients treated with one or more ICI during the period of review. Neurotoxicity was observed in 77 patients (2%) affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems. 26 patients (34%) received more than one ICI. Median number of doses prior to developing toxicity was 3 (1–29). Thirteen patients had >1 neurotoxicity. The various neurologic phenotypes observed in patients included: sensory neuropathy (16), encephalopathy (14), aseptic meningitis or headache (14), myasthenia gravis-like syndrome (4), myopathy or myositis (14), autonomic neuropathy (2) brachial plexitis(2), mononeuritis multiplex(3), sensorimotor neuropathy or AIDP-like syndrome(8), paraneoplastic syndromes (4) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(2). Forty-nine patients required hospital admission, 2 required ICU, and there was one death. A diagnosis of neurotoxicity was based upon the temporal association with ICIs and appropriate workup including but not limited to neurologic consultation, lumbar puncture, electrophysiologic studies, and neuroimaging. Patients were treated with drug holiday, observation, corticosteroids, plasma exchange and/or IVIG. Conclusions: As ICIs are being used with increased frequency, oncologists and neurologists should be aware of the varied manifestations of neurotoxicity in order to ensure appropriate diagnosis, work up and treatment. Disclosure: Dr. Malani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Haggiagi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Holder has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shames has nothing to disclose. Dr. Briggs has nothing to disclose. Dr. Callahan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Santomasso has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Juno Therapeutics and Kite Pharma.
Science identity development trajectories in a gateway college chemistry course: Predictors and relations to achievement and STEM pursuit.

Abstract This investigation of undergraduates’ heterogeneous science identity trajectories within a gateway chemistry course identified three latent classes (High and Stable, Moderate and Slightly Increasing, Moderate and Declining) using growth mixture modeling. Underrepresented minorities were more likely to exhibit Moderate-and-Slightly-Increasing science identities versus High-and-Stable patterns. Students with higher perceived competence were more likely classified into the High-and-Stable class compared to the other classes. Students classified into the High-and-Stable class scored significantly higher on the final exam and appeared to be more likely to remain in a STEM major across fall and spring semesters compared to the other two classes. Results suggest that some students’ identities shift within a single semester and supporting science perceived competence before college may support students’ science identity development.
Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking, by Bernardo Bátiz-Lazo

Despite (or perhaps because of) the ATM’s ubiquity, its story remained largely untold. Bernardo Batiz-Lazo has authoritatively filled that gap. Drawing on more than a decade of research (that has r...
The Behavior of Slow Electrons in Molecular Substances and Its Significance in Radiation and Life Sciences

Any ionizing radiation passing through matter excites or liberates many electrons, which are the lightest constituent of any substance. Energetic electrons thus generated, as well as excited or ionized molecular species, are the major precursors of the physical and chemical and, hence, the biological effects of radiation actions. (As a qualification, radiation effects on crystalline solids, most notably metals, arise primarily from atomic displacements that are due to the transfer of radiation energy into the kinetic energies of atoms.) Consequently, electrons playa central role in radiation physics.
Chemical studies on malformin—III.

Abstract Malformin B separated into two cyclic pentapeptides, B 1 and B 2 , by thin-layer and column chromatography. The biological activity of both compounds was identical. Malformin B 1 , C 23 H 39 O 5 N 5 S 2 , contains cysteine, valine, leucine and allo-isoleucine in the ratio 2:1:1:1. Malformin B 2 , C 22 H 37 O 5 N 5 S 2 , contains cysteine, valine, and leucine in the ratio 2:2:1. Malformin A also separated into two compounds. The major fraction, A 1 , approximately 87 per cent of the mixed sample, is identical with malformin A of earlier reports. The minor component, A 2 (C 22 H 37 O 5 N 5 S 2 ), contains cysteine, valine, and leucine or isoleucine in the ratio 2:2:1. Biological activity of malformin A 2 was questionable. Mass spectra of A 1 and B 1 were identical.
Orthostatic intolerance in chronic fatigue syndrome.

Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is a significant problem for those with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We aimed to characterize orthostatic intolerance in CFS and to study the effects of exercise on OI. CFS (n = 39) and control (n = 25) subjects had recumbent and standing symptoms assessed using the 20-point, anchored, ordinal Gracely Box Scale before and after submaximal exercise. The change in heart rate (ΔHR ≥ 30 bpm) identified Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) before and after exercise, and the transient, exercise-induced postural tachycardia Stress Test Activated Reversible Tachycardia (START) phenotype only after exercise. Dizziness and lightheadedness were found in 41% of recumbent CFS subjects and in 72% of standing CFS subjects. Orthostatic tachycardia did not account for OI symptoms in CFS. ROC analysis with a threshold ≥ 2/20 on the Gracely Box Scale stratified CFS subjects into three groups: No OI (symptoms < 2), Postural OI (only standing symptoms ≥ 2), and Persistent OI (recumbent and standing symptoms ≥ 2). Dizziness and Lightheadedness symptoms while recumbent are an underreported finding in CFS and should be measured when doing a clinical evaluation to diagnose orthostatic intolerance. POTS was found in 6 and START was found in 10 CFS subjects. Persistent OI had symptoms while recumbent and standing, highest symptom severity, and lability in symptoms after exercise. Trial registration The trial was registered at the following: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03567811
Laboratories of Democracy: Policy Experimentation under Decentralization

We develop a model of policy experimentation in which the policy decisions of local and national politicians are driven by career concerns. When politicians' payoffs are convex in their reputation and policymaking is opaque, local politicians experiment by introducing more diverse policies than national politicians do. The welfare implications of decentralization depend on homogeneity between districts. In particular, learning about policies is greater under decentralization if and only if the districts are sufficiently homogeneous. The model delivers novel testable hypotheses. Decentralization should be positively correlated with more diverse (uniform) local policies among countries with opaque (transparent) policymaking.
US Arms Control Dynamics in the Era of Humanitarian Disarmament: A Case Study of the Convention on Cluster Munitions

As the world’s leading weapons user and producer, the United States is often perceived as an unchanging obstacle to the prohibition of inhumane weapons. American participation in negotiating humanitarian disarmament agreements has included defending the utility of US weapons, pressuring allies to water down treaties, and designing international disarmament law that requires little actual disarmament effort. A focus in the literature on ratification of and compliance with agreements obfuscates the behavioral and policy changes that states make in moving toward adoption of international humanitarian law. However, using the case of the cluster munitions ban, this chapter shows that while the US remains an opponent of humanitarian disarmament, American arms control behavior is gradually becoming constrained by increasingly strong humanitarian principles of disarmament.
A Collaborative Effort to Improve Lossy Compression Methods for Climate Data

Climate model simulations produce large volumes of data, and reducing the storage burden with data compression is increasingly of interest to climate scientists. A key concern to the climate community, though, is ensuring that any data loss due to compression does not in any way affect their scientific analysis. For this reason, the climate community is taking a cautious approach to adopting lossy compression by carefully investigating the potential existence of artifacts due to compression in a wide variety of analysis settings. Spatio-temporal statistical analysis in particular can highlight compression-induced features that would go unnoticed by the standard metrics common to the data compression community. Communicating such findings to the algorithm developers in the context of a collaborative improvement cycle is one – in our view productive – way to foster trust within the climate community and pave the way for eventual adoption of lossy compression. In this work, we report on the initial results of a successful and mutually beneficial collaboration between the two communities that led to improvements in a well regarded compression algorithm and more effective compression of climate simulation data.
Internet Use and Loneliness of Older Adults Over Time: the mediating effect of social contact.

OBJECTIVES The internet is increasingly commonly used by older adults. However, it remains controversial in the literature on whether older people are more or less lonely with internet adoption. The current paper aims to test the longitudinal association of internet use and loneliness and to theorize the relationship by examining the mediating effect of social contact. METHOD This study employed data from 2006, 2010, and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Loneliness was measured with the three-item UCLA loneliness scale, social contact was operationalized as contact frequency with family and friends, and internet use was measured using a self-assessed dichotomous item. Longitudinal associations and mediation effects were tested using hierarchical linear modeling. RESULTS Internet use was associated with decreased loneliness over an 8-year period (b = -0.049, p < .001) and more social contact (b = 0.285, p < .001), which was related to lower perceived loneliness (b = -0.088, p < .001). On a scale ranges from 0 to 2 (0 = never lonely, 2 = often lonely), the total effect of internet use on loneliness was -0.060, and the mediated effect was -0.025. DISCUSSION These findings imply that internet use may be an effective tool for reducing loneliness in older people by maintaining social contact.
Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are a group of 4 different primary headache syndromes that have a lot of pathophysiological and clinical features in common. The 4 different TACs are: cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks and hemicrania continua. TACs are characterized by frequent, strictly unilateral, (very) intense headache attacks with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms or intrinsic restlessness or both. A distinction can be made between the 4 TACs on the basis of the duration and frequency of the headache attacks. The treatment of cluster headache consists of an acute treatment and a maintenance treatment. Headache attacks in the context of paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua (almost) always respond to treatment with indomethacin. More and more neuromodulation therapies are becoming available, such as vagus nerve stimulation, stimulation and blocking of the sphenopalatine ganglion, stimulation and blocking of the occipital nerve and deep brain stimulation.
Explore no more: Early experience with a novel minimally invasive approach to penetrating trauma to zone II of the neck.

Abstract The traditional approach to penetrating injuries to zone II of the neck has included operative neck exploration, extensive enough to allow for proximal and distal vascular control of the potential vascular injury. Few studies have reported cases of entirely endovascular management of penetrating injury to this portion of the neck. In the present case report, we describe the case of a 38-year-old man who had sustained a stab wound to zone II of the neck. The injury to the internal carotid artery was managed endovascularly with placement of a covered stent. The findings from the present case illustrate the potential use of minimally invasive vascular treatment strategies as an alternative to mandated operative intervention.
Distinctions between Scientific Misconduct and Bias in Social Science: Avoidable versus Unavoidable Deviations from Best Practices in Research

In this comment, I respond to outgoing Editor Schumm's editorial. I share areas of agreement, describe areas of disagreement, and draw some conclusions regarding differences between deliberate scie...
5 Ecosystems to Order

There was a time in the not-so-distant past when environmental conservation had an entirely straightforward focus. It was about protecting nature. The word nature stood for the nonhuman—the green and verdant realm that persisted independently of the influence of civilization. Nature by definition operated spontaneously and autonomously. For many, its capacity to self-organize and diversify imbued it with a significance that approached a kind of sacredness. The more independent of the works of humans nature was, the more thoroughly natural and valuable it appeared to be.
US–China commercial rivalry, great war and middle powers:

This paper examines whether the recent trade war between the US and China would lead to a great power war. In so doing, we rely on two theoretical frameworks, mercantilism and power transition theo...
Prediction of Trunk Injuries from Core Stability Testing in Collegiate Athletes

Summary Background Although optimizing core stability is theorized to reduce injury risk for the spine and extremities, there is currently little evidence supporting if any core stability tests predict trunk injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess if biomechanical variables attained from core stability testing could be used to identify athletes who will later sustain a trunk injury. Methods 496 healthy Division I athletes (158 females) were tested at one of 2 testing sessions. Core stability testing consisted of a blindfolded single arm plank, performed on a force plate system, with commercially available software. Subjects performed two, 20 second trials for each upper extremity. Center of pressure data was quantified by velocity and frequency of motion and converted to T score. Injuries were considered for the study if they occurred no more than 180 days after testing, were non-traumatic in nature, and affected the lumbar spine, abdominal, or thoracic spine structures. 18 trunk injuries were identified. Data was averaged across the trials for each extremity. Mann-Whitney U was used to assess if differences existed between groups. Binary logistic regression was used to see if the force plate variables could be used to predict injury. P was set to 0.10. Results Mean T scores (SDs) for the uninjured group were 43.7(10.6) and 43.5 (10.7) for left/right, respectively; for the injured group, 36.9(8.7) and 40.7(7.3), respectively. Mann Whitney U showed significant differences between the trunk injury and healthy groups for both the left and right side (P Conclusion Athletes who later sustained a trunk injury demonstrated poorer core stability versus the uninjured cohort. The injured group also had greater asymmetry in core stability measures when compared to the uninjured group.
The interplay between gut bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans.

The fungus Candida albicans is a ubiquitous member of the human gut microbiota. Hundreds or thousands of bacterial taxa reside together with this fungus in the intestine, creating a milieu with myr...
Tpl2 Ablation Leads to Hypercytokinemia and Excessive Cellular Infiltration to the Lungs During Late Stages of Influenza Infection.

Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a serine-threonine kinase known to promote inflammation in response to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), inflammatory cytokines and G-protein-coupled receptors and consequently aids in host resistance to pathogens. We have recently shown that Tpl2-/- mice succumb to infection with a low-pathogenicity strain of influenza (x31, H3N2) by an unknown mechanism. In this study, we sought to characterize the cytokine and immune cell profile of influenza-infected Tpl2-/- mice to gain insight into its host protective effects. Although Tpl2-/- mice display modestly impaired viral control, no virus was observed in the lungs of Tpl2-/- mice on the day of peak morbidity and mortality suggesting that morbidity is not due to virus cytopathic effects but rather to an overactive antiviral immune response. Indeed, increased levels of interferon-β (IFN-β), the IFN-inducible monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2), Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α; CCL3), MIP-1β (CCL4), RANTES (CCL5), IP-10 (CXCL10) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was observed in the lungs of influenza-infected Tpl2-/- mice at 7 days post infection (dpi). Elevated cytokine and chemokines were accompanied by increased infiltration of the lungs with inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. Additionally, we noted that increased IFN-β correlated with increased CCL2, CXCL1 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression in the lungs, which has been associated with severe influenza infections. Bone marrow chimeras with Tpl2 ablation localized to radioresistant cells confirmed that Tpl2 functions, at least in part, within radioresistant cells to limit pro-inflammatory response to viral infection. Collectively, this study suggests that Tpl2 tempers inflammation during influenza infection by constraining the production of interferons and chemokines which are known to promote the recruitment of detrimental inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils.
The syntactic categories and functions of xūzì ‘empty or function words’ in Classical Chinese

(1983). The syntactic categories and functions of xūzi ‘empty or function words’ in Classical Chinese. WORD: Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 175-188.
Test of Density Functional Approximation for an Atom in a Strong Magnetic Field

The density functional formalism for the ground state of a Fermion fluid in a central potential is reviewed. Kohn and Sham’s procedure is replaced by an explicit evaluation of the kinetic energy density functional, which is carried out via a semiclassical approximation to the path integral representation of the appropriate Green’s function. This technique is generalized to an imposed uniform magnetic field, using a short time path integral approximation. The special case of an uncoupled harmonic atom in a magnetic field is solved exactly. Its energy and spatial extent are evaluated at low, medium, and high field strength, and compared with the density functional results. Several suggestions are made as to how the anisotrophy which is lost in the latter approach can be recovered.
The Glorious Days of Physics

The title “Glorious Days of Physics” implies that our science’s present days are less glorious. If we accept this, we are induced to think of the changes both in the development of physics, and in the attitude of physicists toward science, which have taken place in the last 40 to 50 years and these will be the subject of my talk.