cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Home environment and locus of control

Abstract Parental correlates of locus of control orientation was studied among 55 mostly lower to lower middle class children. Locus of control was assessed by the Modified Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire (MIARQ). Results showed a generally moderate relation between several home environment factors and LOC. The HOME variables, pride, affection and warmth and encouraging social maturity showed the strongest relation to control orientation with generally higher correlations for MIARQ + scores. Some sex differences were observed.
Estimates for singular convolution operators on the Heisenberg group

Soit H n le groupe de Heisenberg. L'operateur A: Co ∞ →C ∞ (H n ) donne par Af=f* K s'etend a un operateur borne de L P dans L P pour 1<p<∞. Les operateurs Ae:Co ∞ →C ∞ donnes par Aef=f* Ke s'etendent aux operateurs bornes sur L P pour 1<p<∞, avec des normes independantes de e
Microsomal membrane dysfunction in ischemic rat liver cells.

Abstract To examine biochemically the effect of ischemia on cellular membranes, microsomal membrane structure and function in ischemic rat liver cells was studied. One-half hour of ischemia produced little or no evidence of histologic cell death 24 h after the reestablishment of blood flow and produced no detectable changes in five separate microsomal parameters measured in vitro. With 2 h of ischemia, histological evidence of liver cell death was quite marked 24 h after reflow had been established, and there were decreases in both microsomal calcium pump and glucose 6-phosphatase activities which could not be explained by differences in relative purity of the samples. Cytochrome P-450 content, glucuronyl transferase activity, and protein composition as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the 2-h ischemic microsomes were similar to those of 0.5-h ischemic preparations. These results indicate the presence of microsomal membrane dysfunction in ischemic rat liver cells temporally related to the onset of irreversible cellular damage. The possible molecular basis of this dyfunction is discussed.
Across plane ionic conductivity of highly oriented neodymium doped ceria thin films

A methodology to limit interfacial effects in thin films is proposed and explained. The strategy is to reduce the impact of the electrode interfaces and eliminate cross grain boundaries that impede ionic motion. To this end, highly oriented Nd0.1Ce0.9O2−δ (NDC) nanocrystalline thin films were grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on platinized single crystal a-plane sapphire substrates. High resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (HR-XTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified the films were textured with columnar grains. The average widths of the columns were approximately 40 nm and not significantly changed by film thickness between 100 and 300 nm. HR-XTEM and XRD determined the {111} planes of NDC were grown preferentially on top of the {111} planes of platinum despite the large lattice mismatch between the two planes. From the XRD patterns, the out of plane strains on the platinum and NDC layers were less than 1%. This can be explained by the coincident site lattice (CSL) theory. Rotating the {111} ceria planes 19.11° with respect to the {111} platinum planes forms a Σ7 boundary where 1 in 7 cerium lattice sites are coincident with the platinum lattice sites. This orientation lowers interfacial energy promoting the preferential alignment of those two planes. The across plane ionic conductivity was measured at low temperatures (<350 °C) for the various film thicknesses. It is here shown that columnar grain growth of ceria can be induced on platinized substrates allowing pathways that are clear of blocking grain boundaries that cause conductivities to diminish as film thickness decreases.
High resolution NMR evidence for displacive behavior in hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics

The high NMR spectral resolution attained via magic angle spinning (MAS-NMR) on single crystals have enabled us to detect new aspects of mechanism of phase transitions in hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics. Results are summarized for anomalous changes in the temperature dependence of the isotropic part of the NMR chemical shifts for 13C and 17O in squaric acid (SQA), and for 31P from NH4H2PO4, KD2PO4 and RbH2PO4, and more recently on 15N in NH4H2AsO4 and NH4H2PO4. These data are interpreted as providing an unambiguous evidence of a displacive component, together with an order-disorder behaviour at the same time scale for both SQA and KDP-type lattices.
Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner?

In paradigms in which participants state their ideal romantic-partner preferences or examine vignettes and photographs, men value physical attractiveness more than women do, and women value earning prospects more than men do. Yet it remains unclear if these preferences remain sex differentiated in predicting desire for real-life potential partners (i.e., individuals whom one has actually met). In the present study, the authors explored this possibility using speed dating and longitudinal follow-up procedures. Replicating previous research, participants exhibited traditional sex differences when stating the importance of physical attractiveness and earning prospects in an ideal partner and ideal speed date. However, data revealed no sex differences in the associations between participants' romantic interest in real-life potential partners (met during and outside of speed dating) and the attractiveness and earning prospects of those partners. Furthermore, participants' ideal preferences, assessed before the speed-dating event, failed to predict what inspired their actual desire at the event. Results are discussed within the context of R. E. Nisbett and T. D. Wilson's (1977) seminal article: Even regarding such a consequential aspect of mental life as romantic-partner preferences, people may lack introspective awareness of what influences their judgments and behavior.
Abortion in China: Incidence and Implications

This article addresses the issue of the incidence of abortion during recent years in China. It poses and answers three interrelated questions: (1) What has been the role of abortion in the country’s population planning successes since the early 1970s? (2) What are the patterns of variations in abortion incidence at the provincial level and by place of residence? and, (3) What are the implications of their numbers and variations?
Sex Trafficking Into The United States: A Literature Review:

This study is an investigation of the literature relating to the trafficking of women and children into the United States for sexual exploitation. The intent is to discover the extent and complexity of the problem, the cost in both human and economic terms, and research directions toward the development of probable political, legal, economic, and social solutions. A subject rife with research possibilities and probable solutions, trafficking is poorly defined, differentially and intermittently quantified, and handicapped by obsolete legal codes and a sexist prostitution enforcement paradigm. Recommended are state statute creation, police training and paradigm change, and increased/broadened victims’ services.
Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes for thermal interface materials: Quality control, alignment improvement and laser flash measurement

Thermal interface materials based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes were measured systematically by a laser flash technique. An important modification has been made to the sample structure for the laser flash measurement. Influences of carbon nanotube quality, tip entanglement, alignment and packing density on the overall thermal resistance were discussed.
The Adenovirus-SV40 Hybrid Viruses

The adenovirus-simian virus 40 (Ad-SV40) hybrid viruses are stable viral recombinants which form in monkey kidney cells (MKC) coinfected with the simian papovavirus SV40 and a number of human adenovirus serotypes. The genomes of these viruses are composed mainly of Ad DNA (integrated with varying amounts of SV40 DNA) and are enclosed in capsids whose morphological and immunological properties are indistinguishable from those of the parent nonhybrid adenovirus. Studies of the Ad-SV40 hybrid viruses have made important contributions to a number of areas of molecular virology; previous reviews of these studies include those by Rapp (1973) and Lewis (1977).
A journey searching for a cure for leukemia

Jorge E Cortes speaks to Natasha Galukande, Assistant Commissioning Editor. Dr Cortes received his medical degree from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico City, Mexico). Cortes has worked at the MD Anderson Cancer Centre (TX, USA) since 1991 where he is the Director of the Leukemia Fellowship Program, Deputy Department Chair, Chief of the sections of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, DB Lane Cancer Research Distinguished Professor for Leukemia Research and Professor in the Department of Leukemia. He has been the principal investigator or coprincipal investigator for more than 100 funded research projects and has authored more than 600 peer-reviewed articles, 33 book chapters and four books. He has been honored several times over his career for his research and educational contributions. Cortes has spoken at, given presentations at, and appeared as a featured guest at or chaired more than 575 international, national, state and local conferences.
Credibility Assessment of Online Information in Context

*Corresponding Author: Soo Young Rieh Associate Professor School of Information University of Michigan, U.S.A. E-mail: rieh@umich.edu All JISTaP content is Open Access, meaning it is accessible online to everyone, without fee and authors’ permission. All JISTaP content is published and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:/ creativecommons. org/licenses/by/3.0/). Under this license, authors reserve the copyright for their content; however, they permit anyone to unrestrictedly use, distribute, and reproduce the content in any medium as far as the original authors and source are cited. For any reuse, redistribution, or reproduction of a work, users must clarify the license terms under which the work was produced.
Variables Associated With Tic Exacerbation in Children With Chronic Tic Disorders

Research has shown that motor and vocal tics fluctuate in frequency, intensity, and form in response to environmental and contextual cues. Behavioral models have proposed that some of the variation in tics may reflect context-dependent interactive learning processes such that once tics are performed, they are influenced by environmental contingencies. The current study describes the results of a function-based assessment of tics (FBAT) from a recently completed study comparing Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) with supportive psychotherapy. The current study describes the frequency with which antecedent and consequence variables were reported to exacerbate tics and the relationships between these functional variables and sample baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and measures of tic severity. Results showed that tic-exacerbating antecedents and consequences were nearly ubiquitous in a sample of children with chronic tic disorder. In addition, functional variables were related to baseline measures of comorbid internalizing symptoms and specific measures of tic severity.
Cellular packet communications

The future of third-generation wireless networking is discussed. The vision of the third generation is a single set of standards that can meet a wide range of wireless access applications. Third-generation systems, in harmony with broadband integrated services digital networks, will use shared resources to convey many information types. A single network architecture will serve its users efficiently in many environments, including moving vehicles, indoor and outdoor public areas, residences, offices, and factories. A study of a switching architecture, referred to as a cellular packet switch, and a packet transmission technique, referred to as a packet reservation multiple access is discussed. By means of a design example, it is shown how these techniques can work together to meet some of the demands of third-generation systems. >
A new method to determine contamination limited yield

A method to determine the sensitivity of any process to particle contaminants is proposed. Particles of known sizes are seeded at various known locations on the product at known steps. The resulting defects are then measured directly. This is illustrated by a detailed example. The advantages of this seeding method are as follows: (1) the entire experiment can be done quickly; (2) the experiment can be easily replicated; (3) large sample sizes are not needed; (4) and the time spent for inspection and measurement of defects is much less than in any of the previous methods. >
Interference in ad hoc networks with general motion-invariant node distributions

In this paper we derive the tail properties of interference for any stationary and isotropic spatial distribution of transmitting nodes. Previously the properties of interference were known only when the nodes are distributed as a homogeneous Poisson point process on the plane. We show the effect of a singular path loss model on the tail distribution of the interference. When the path loss function has a singularity at the origin, the interference is shown to be a heavy-tailed distribution under very mild conditions. When the path loss is bounded, the distribution of the interference is predominantly dictated by the fading. We also provide asymptotically tight upper and lower bounds on the CDF of the interference, and discuss the effectiveness of using a Gaussian approximation for modelling the interference.
R&D in progress to overcome field emission in superconducting accelerator cavities

Systematic studies are in progress for understanding, controlling, and eliminating field emission (FE) in superconducting cavities so that higher gradients can be achieved for application of superconducting cavities to future linear colliders. In exploration of potential cures, UHV heating above 1000 degrees C was used as the final surface treatment on one-cell, 1.5 GHz cavities. A new technique has been developed to extend temperatures to 1350 degrees C and heating times to 4 h without degrading the purity of the wall. The average accelerating fields increased by 80% in comparison with similar chemically prepared cavities. The best cavity reached surface electric (magnetic) fields of 53 MV/m (1350 Oe). The influence of various treatments on the properties of 50 emitters analyzed is presented. In other studies, it is found that the effectiveness of He processing continues as higher RF power levels are used. >
Long microvilli of mesothelioma are conspicuous in pleural effusions processed by Ultrafast Papanicolaou stain

BACKGROUND The differentiation of malignant epithelial mesothelioma, nonmucinous pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and mesothelial hyperplasia by direct light microscopic examination is challenging. The detection of long microvilli, an ultrastructural feature unique for malignant epithelial mesothelioma, requires immunolabeling of epithelial membrane antigen to be visible by light microscopy. The purpose of this study is to report that this feature is now made conspicuous enough to be detected by light microscopy by a different approach in cytologic processing. METHODS The study includes 9 cases of mesothelioma, 50 cases of mesothelial hyperplasia, and 50 cases of nonmucinous pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Direct smears were made from the sediments of fresh or refrigerated effusions, air dried, rehydrated with normal saline for 30 seconds to create retraction halos, and processed with the Ultrafast Papanicolaou stain (UFP). RESULTS Long microvilli in thick bundles as well as short, fine projections radiating from the free surface of the epithelial mesothelioma cells were observed within the retraction halos in pleural effusions processed by UFP. These features were not observed in the UFP-processed hyperplastic mesothelial cells or in the pulmonary nonmucinous adenocarcinoma cells. CONCLUSION Direct visualization of long microvilli via UFP may aid in the distinction of malignant mesothelioma from mesothelial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma before immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies are performed. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2003;99:17–22. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
TESTING PROCESSING EXPLANATIONS FOR THE ASYMMETRY IN MASKED CROSS-LANGUAGE PRIMING

Cross-language priming effects using masked primes tend to be asymmetrical. Priming from L1 to L2 is strong, but priming from L2 to L1 is inconsistent and weak. Two kinds of explanations may explain this asymmetry. The representation hypothesis attributes the asymmetry to the different strength of connections between lexical items in the two languages. The processing hypothesis explains the asymmetry by emphasizing differences in processing speed or the general activation level of the two languages. In this study, three versions of the processing hypothesis were examined. Chinese–English bilinguals were tested with a masked priming paradigm on Chinese–English translation pairs in five experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 replicated the asymmetrical pattern of cross-language priming. Experiments 3 to 5 examined three processing-related hypotheses by varying prime and target presentation conditions. The results showed that none of the three processing accounts provides a satisfactory explanation for the asymmetry. The findings are discussed in the context of current models of bilingual memory organization.
Modulation of rat chorda tympani NaCl responses and intracellular Na+ activity in polarized taste receptor cells by pH.

Mixture interactions between sour and salt taste modalities were investigated in rats by direct measurement of intracellular pH (pHi) and Na+ activity ([Na+]i) in polarized fungiform taste receptor cells (TRCs) and by chorda tympani (CT) nerve recordings. Stimulating the lingual surface with NaCl solutions adjusted to pHs ranging between 2.0 and 10.3 increased the magnitude of NaCl CT responses linearly with increasing external pH (pHo). At pH 7.0, the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) blocker, benzamil, decreased NaCl CT responses and inhibited further changes in CT responses induced by varying pHo to 2.0 or 10.3. At constant pHo, buffering NaCl solutions with potassium acetate/acetic acid (KA/AA) or HCO3−/CO2 inhibited NaCl CT responses relative to CT responses obtained with NaCl solutions buffered with HEPES. The carbonic anhydrase blockers, MK-507 and MK-417, attenuated the inhibition of NaCl CT responses in HCO3−/CO2 buffer, suggesting a regulatory role for pHi. In polarized TRCs step changes in apical pHo from 10.3 to 2.0 induced a linear decrease in pHi that remained within the physiological range (slope = 0.035; r2 = 0.98). At constant pHo, perfusing the apical membrane with Ringer's solutions buffered with KA/AA or HCO3−/CO2 decreased resting TRC pHi, and MK-507 or MK-417 attenuated the decrease in pHi in TRCs perfused with HCO3−/CO2 buffer. In parallel experiments, TRC [Na+]i decreased with (a) a decrease in apical pH, (b) exposing the apical membrane to amiloride or benzamil, (c) removal of apical Na+, and (d) acid loading the cells with NH4Cl or sodium acetate at constant pHo. Diethylpyrocarbonate and Zn2+, modification reagents for histidine residues in proteins, attenuated the CO2-induced inhibition of NaCl CT responses and the pHi-induced inhibition of apical Na+ influx in TRCs. We conclude that TRC pHi regulates Na+-influx through amiloride-sensitive apical ENaCs and hence modulates NaCl CT responses in acid/salt mixtures.
Précis of Meaning, Mind, and Knowledge

Meaning, Mind, and Knowledge contains sixteen of my papers. About half of them are published for the first time; the dates of the others range from 1972 to 2012. The book has four parts. The papers in Part I are concerned with truth and related semantic properties, including especially reference and correspondence with fact. Those in Part II and Part III are concerned with consciousness and phenomenology, but they approach these topics in very different ways. The papers in Part II defend type materialism, understood as the doctrine that phenomenological properties can be identified with neurobiological properties of brain states. I was devoted to type materialism for a number of years, but more recently I have become convinced that a quite different theory, a version of representationalism, provides the best account of phenomenology. The papers in Part III articulate this view and argue for its correctness. The papers in Part IV are concerned with various topics in epistemology. One defends reliabilist accounts of epistemic justification and seeks to undermine Cartesian skepticism; another examines the view that ‘‘knowledge is the norm of assertion and practical reasoning’’; a third proposes an account of how we acquire knowledge of possibility and necessity; and the fourth argues against Quine’s claim that all propositions are empirically revisable, and defends a robust conception of the a priori. To elaborate, the papers in Part I have three main concerns. First, I propose deflationary accounts of truth, reference, denotation, truth conditions, and semantic correspondence, taken as a relation between propositions and states of affairs. In each case, the deflationary account I offer consists of an explicit definition based on substitutional quantification. Here, for example, is how I define truth:
Clinical advances in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

The importance of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was first recognized formally at a National Institutes of Health Consensus Symposium in December 1998. Since then, there has been a rapid growth of knowledge regarding nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. The greatest advances have been made in the realms of awareness, diagnosis, and understanding of associated comorbidities. Challenges that lie ahead are centered on clinical management—the ongoing search for valid noninvasive diagnostic tools and effective therapy. This review addresses key clinical questions for which progress has been made.
Assessment of direct gating and allosteric modulatory effects of meprobamate in recombinant GABAA receptors

Meprobamate is a schedule IV anxiolytic and the primary metabolite of the muscle relaxant carisoprodol. Meprobamate modulates GABAA (γ-aminobutyric acid Type A) receptors, and has barbiturate-like activity. To gain insight into its actions, we have conducted a series of studies using recombinant GABAA receptors. In αxβzγ2 GABAA receptors (where x=1-6 and z=1-3), the ability to enhance GABA-mediated current was evident for all α subunit isoforms, with the largest effect observed in α5-expressing receptors. Direct gating was present with all α subunits, although attenuated in α3-expressing receptors. Allosteric and direct effects were comparable in α1β1γ2 and α1β2γ2 receptors, whereas allosteric effects were enhanced in α1β2 compared to α1β2γ2 receptors. In "extrasynaptic" (α1β3δ and α4β3δ) receptors, meprobamate enhanced EC20 and saturating GABA currents, and directly activated these receptors. The barbiturate antagonist bemegride attenuated direct effects of meprobamate. Whereas pentobarbital directly gated homomeric β3 receptors, meprobamate did not, and instead blocked the spontaneously open current present in these receptors. In wild type homomeric ρ1 receptors, pentobarbital and meprobamate were ineffective in direct gating; a mutation known to confer sensitivity to pentobarbital did not confer sensitivity to meprobamate. Our results provide insight into the actions of meprobamate and parent therapeutic agents such as carisoprodol. Whereas in general actions of meprobamate were comparable to those of carisoprodol, differential effects of meprobamate at some receptor subtypes suggest potential advantages of meprobamate may be exploited. A re-assessment of previously synthesized meprobamate-related carbamate molecules for myorelaxant and other therapeutic indications is warranted.
The multiple chemokine-binding bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein G (BHV1gG) inhibits polymorphonuclear cell but not monocyte migration into inflammatory sites.

Chemokines facilitate the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissues, contributing to target organ injury in a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Targeting either single chemokines or chemokine receptors alters the progression of disease in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus with varying degrees of efficacy, but clinical trials in humans have been less successful. Given the redundancy of chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions, targeting of more than one chemokine may be required to inhibit active inflammatory disease. To test the effects of multiple chemokine blockade in inflammation, we generated an adenovirus expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein G (BHV1gG), a viral chemokine antagonist that binds to a wide spectrum of murine and human chemokines, fused to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion of murine immunoglobulin (IgG)2a. Administration of the adenovirus significantly inhibited thioglycollate-induced migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice and reduced both clinical severity and articular damage in K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis. However, treatment with BHV1gG-Ig fusion protein did not prevent monocyte infiltration into the peritoneum in the thioglycollate model and did not prevent renal monocyte infiltration or nephritis in lupus-prone NZB/W mice. These observations suggest that the simultaneous inhibition of multiple chemokines by BHV1gG has the potential to interfere with acute inflammatory responses mediated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but is less effective in chronic inflammatory disease mediated by macrophages.
Biotechnology and the Creation of Ethics

Biotechnology promises to change the course of evolution. Rather than patiently waiting as natural selection channels the forces of biology into contouring the nature and character of the organisms that populate our world, biotechnology allows humans to directly manipulate the basis of life itself. By allowing the deliberate reorganization of the genetic programs of organisms, biotechnology affords the greatest revolution in scientific and cultural understanding in history. It also is beginning to severely strain our established concepts of right and wrong and to require us to rethink most of our basic moral assumptions. This article is available in The Gruter Institute Working Papers on Law, Economics, and Evolutionary Biology: http://services.bepress.com/giwp/vol1/iss1/art5 * Professor of Law, University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law; J.D., University of California at Berkeley School of Law, 1981. 1. Robert Wright used the then emerging field of evolutionary psychology to explain human behavior, including human moral sentiments, in his 1994 book THE MORAL ANIMAL. Noting that Darwin believed that the human species was the only moral animal, Wright observed that humans have the technical capacity for morality, although they tend not to embrace true morality. As Wright concluded, “Chronically subjecting ourselves to a true and bracing moral scrutiny, and adjusting our behavior accordingly, is not something we are designed for.” See ROBERT WRIGHT, THE MORAL ANIMAL 344 (1994). 89 Biotechnology and the Creation of Ethics
Efficacy of carbonaceous materials for sorbing polychlorinated biphenyls from aqueous solution.

Interest in incorporating nanomaterials into water treatment technologies is steadily growing, driving the necessity to understand the interaction of these new materials with specific water contaminants. In the present study, five different carbonaceous materials: activated carbon (AC), charcoal (BC), carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene (GE), and graphene oxide (GO) were investigated as sorbent materials for 11 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in aqueous concentrations in the pg-μg/L range. Sorbent-water distribution coefficients (Ks) calculated in aqueous concentrations of ng/L show that AC is superior to GE, GO, CNT, and BC for the 11 PCB congeners investigated by an average of 1.1, 1.1, 1.3, and 2.5 orders of magnitude, respectively. Additionally, maximum capacity and sorption affinity parameters from the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi–Dubinin–Manes (PDM) models show a similar result. Interestingly, however, the effect of molecular planarity has greater impact on PCB sorption to the nanomateria...
Heterogeneous Interaction of SO2 on H2O2-Ice Films at 190−210 K

Heterogeneous interaction of SO2 on both the H2O2-ice surface and the water-ice surface has been investigated in a flow reactor interfaced with a differentially pumped quadrupole mass spectrometer....
Spectroscopic Investigation of Oxygen Sensitivity in CdTe and CdTe/CdS Nanocrystals

Excited-state dynamics of CdTe nanocrystals and CdTe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals have been studied on the picosecond time scale using pump–probe transient absorption spectroscopy. The results show that exposure of CdTe nanocrystals to air can produce profound changes in the ultrafast excited-state dynamics. These changes occur even after a brief air exposure, but they are not observed in CdTe nanocrystals that are protected by a thin CdS shell. The quenching is caused by reaction of molecular oxygen with Te atoms on the nanocrystal surface, which produces traps for one or both excited carriers. The trapping event occurs on the single picosecond time scale and is sufficiently fast to compete with hot carrier cooling. This phenomenon has important implications for interpretation of excited-state dynamics in CdTe-containing nanoheterostructures as well as ultrafast charge separation in photoexcited nanostructures.
The effect of bile and bile salts on the uptake and cleavage of β-carotene into retinol ester (vitamin A ester) by intestinal slices

Bile of the rat and of other species stimulates the uptake of β-carotene from a micellar solution of Tween 40 (polyoxyethylene anhydrosorbitol monopalmitate) and its cleavage into retinol ester by intestinal sections of the rat incubated in vitro. Sodium glycocholate and several other conjugated bile acids substitute completely for bile. Glycocholate also stimulates β-carotene cleavage by intestinal sections of the chicken, hamster, and lamb, but not of the turtle or opossum. The stimulatory effect of several bile acids tested in a medium containing Tween 40 is roughly proportional to the number of hydroxyl groups present. With the exception of cholic acid, only conjugated bile acids have this activity. The binding of β-carotene to the intestine occurred rapidly, and could not be readily correlated with the formation of retinol ester. Although the physicochemical state of carotene in solution is undoubtedly important, the conjugated bile acids probably stimulate the formation of retinol ester by enhancing the absorption of β-carotene by means of an interaction with the membrane of intestinal mucosal cells.
X-Ray Absorption Studies of The Interaction Between Pd and Co-In Bimetal Exchanged Zeolitey

The ion-exchange and reduction process in zeolite Y exchanged with [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+ and/or with [Pd(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ has been studied. Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (EXAFS) was used to monitor the local environment of cobalt and palladium atoms at various stages of sample treatment. Upon dehydration, Co 3+ is reduced to Co 2+ and migrates into zeolite cation positions. Treatment with hydrogen at 625 K does not change the Co oxidation state. Intrazeolite Pd 2+ is coordinated to the six-membered rings of the zeolite framework. The palladium(II) phase can partially be reduced in hydrogen to Pd 0 at room temperature, while 100% reduction is achieved at 425 K. Upon reduction, small Pd ensembles are formed (2-4 atoms) which are stabilized in the sodalite units through weak interaction with the zeolite matrix. Reduction at 625 K results in cluster formation with a particle size ≥ 10 A. The presence of Co(II) in Pd-exchanged zeolites increases the degree of H 2 -reduction at room temperature and facilitates agglomeration of the Pd phase. At higher reduction temperatures, the CoPdY zeolites are stabilized against further aggregation. It is concluded that the cluster size distribution at early stages of the reduction process is critical for the sinter stability.
Drosophila Mutants that Are Motile but Respond Poorly to All Stimuli Tested

Adult Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies were placed into one end of a tube near to repellents (benzaldehyde and heat) and away from the other end containing attractants (light and a favored temperature). They escaped from the repellents and went to the attractants. Five motile mutants that failed to do that were isolated. They did not respond to any external attractants tested or external repellents tested. In addition, they did not respond well to internal sensory stimuli like hunger, thirst, and sleep. The mutants failed at both 34 degrees C and at room temperature. Some of the mutants have been mapped. It is proposed that the information from the different sensory receptors comes together at an intermediate, called inbetween (Inbet), that brings about a behavioral response.
The inflammasome keeps on breaking your heart

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem vasculitis most commonly occurring in children. Although the cause is unknown, the clinical syndrome is well described: A young child presents with many days of high-grade fever in association with rash, cracked lips, strawberry tongue, cervical adenopathy, and
Cardiac Amyloidosis Masked as Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report.

It is well known that cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have different physiologies and pathologies. However, it might be difficult to differentiate cardiac amyloidosis from HCM in certain clinical situations. Cardiol Res. 2016;7(5):178-180 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/cr496w
Evaluation of an outpatient protocol in the treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis.

Objective To compare 2 treatment protocols (standard in-hospital versus modified outpatient) in affecting the duration of treatment or survival of dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Design Prospective, randomized study. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Client-owned dogs with naturally acquired parvovirus were randomized to receive either an inpatient (n = 20) or outpatient (n = 20) treatment protocol. Interventions Both groups received intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation and correction of hypoglycemia at hospital admission. Following stabilization, basic inpatient interventions included administration of IV fluids, administration of cefoxitin (22 mg/kg IV q 8 h), and maropitant (1 mg/kg IV q 24 h). Basic outpatient interventions (provided in-hospital) included administration of subcutaneous (SC) fluid (30 mL/kg q 6 h), administration of maropitant (1 mg/kg SC q 24 h) and cefovecin (8 mg/kg SC once). Using daily electrolyte and glucose evaluations, dextrose and potassium supplementation was provided intravenously (inpatients) or orally (outpatients) as indicated. Rescue criteria were used in both groups for analgesia and nausea. All dogs were syringe fed a commercial canine convalescence diet (1 mL/kg PO q 6 h) until voluntary appetite returned. Measurements and Main Results Protocol success, defined as survival to hospital discharge, was 90% (18/20) for the inpatient group compared to 80% (16/20) for the outpatient group (P = 0.66). There was no difference detected in duration of hospitalization for inpatient dogs (4.6 ± 2 days) versus outpatient dogs (3.8 ± 1.8 days, P = 0.20). Metabolic disturbances were frequent in the outpatient group, with 50% of dogs requiring dextrose supplementation and 60% of dogs requiring potassium supplementation. Conclusions An outpatient protocol may be a reasonable alternative for dogs that cannot receive standard in-hospital treatment for parvoviral enteritis. Diligent supportive care and monitoring are still required to optimize treatment of dogs with parvoviral enteritis in an outpatient setting.
Membrane Mechanosensors Responsible for Touch and other Senses

For decades, we have understood that ion channels are the first responders of touch sensation and other mechanical senses—converting the mechanical energy delivered in by sound, or by a touch, or by the bend of a limb into neural signals. Research in my group and others has identified at least three classes of proteins that form these so-called mechano-electrical transduction (MeT) channels in mammals and invertebrates: DEG/ENaC sodium channels, TRP cation channels, and Piezo cation channels. We are working to increase knowledge of how MeT channels depend on the plasma membrane for function and the physics of force transfer. My talk will survey prior knowledge and discuss recent investigations combining the tools of genetic dissection with behavioral analysis and electrical recording from identified neurons to the biophysics of in vivo MeT channel activation using C. elegans nematodes as a tractable model.
Use of Adjunctive Services

Older patients reside in a wide variety of settings; these residential locations influence their ability to participate in their care. Transitions between these locations require different documentation, different orders, and care coordination. The vast majority of older patients reside in their homes. Care from family or community supports such as visiting nurse agencies or Area Agencies on Aging may be required. Nursing homes continue to offer short term rehabilitation or long term care. Assisted Living Facilities vary in supports provided. Special continuity of care is provided through Programs of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE), or by Continuing Care Communities.
Drug-coated balloons for long lesions in peripheral arterial disease

In the current era, endovascular treatment of long femoropopliteal lesions (>15 cm) is becoming more feasible and favorable, with patency rates that rival surgical outcomes. Drug-coated balloons offer promising results at least to one year follow-up although randomized, controlled trials to evaluate its efficacy compared to other treatment modalities (surgical and endovascular alike) is lacking at this time.
Quantification of Variable Trace Gas Emissions across Large Regions using a Field-deployed Dual-comb Spectrometer

Measurements from a field-deployed dual frequency comb spectrometer are coupled with gas transport models in a Bayesian inversion to quantify small, variable trace gas emissions from distances over 1 km.
Effects of an Exercise Intervention on Cancer-Related Fatigue and Its Relationship to Markers of Oxidative Stress.

Background: Although the underlying mechanisms of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) are not fully characterized, treatment-associated oxidative stress may play a role. The purpose of this study was to d...
Association of Urinary Nitrate With Lower Prevalence of Hypertension and Stroke and With Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality

Urinary nitrate derives from endogenous and dietary sources. Endogenous nitrate results from the oxidization of nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase and can be suggestive of NO synthase-NO bioavailability. Dietary nitrate, found mostly in green leafy vegetables or beetroot, partly enters the enterosalivary circulation to be converted to nitrite by oral bacteria. Nitrite from endogenous and dietary nitrate are reduced to NO by reactions with hemoglobin, myoglobin, and molybdopterin enzymes.1 Because NO is a potent regulator of vascular homoeostasis and integrity, this study examined in a large sample representative of the US population the association of urinary nitrate with cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence and mortality as primary outcomes and with cancer and all-cause mortality as secondary outcomes. CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide and in the United States, where it accounts for nearly 1 in every 4 deaths. Data on 17 618 adult participants in the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys), conducted between 2005 and 2014 in the United States, were analyzed. The NHANES protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the National Center for Health Statistics and the Centers for Disease Control, and informed consent was …
Molecular tuning of electroreception in sharks and skates

Ancient cartilaginous vertebrates, such as sharks, skates and rays, possess specialized electrosensory organs that detect weak electric fields and relay this information to the central nervous system1–4. Sharks exploit this sensory modality for predation, whereas skates may also use it to detect signals from conspecifics 5 . Here we analyse shark and skate electrosensory cells to determine whether discrete physiological properties could contribute to behaviourally relevant sensory tuning. We show that sharks and skates use a similar low threshold voltage-gated calcium channel to initiate cellular activity but use distinct potassium channels to modulate this activity. Electrosensory cells from sharks express specially adapted voltage-gated potassium channels that support large, repetitive membrane voltage spikes capable of driving near-maximal vesicular release from elaborate ribbon synapses. By contrast, skates use a calcium-activated potassium channel to produce small, tunable membrane voltage oscillations that elicit stimulus-dependent vesicular release. We propose that these sensory adaptations support amplified indiscriminate signal detection in sharks compared with selective frequency detection in skates, potentially reflecting the electroreceptive requirements of these elasmobranch species. Our findings demonstrate how sensory systems adapt to suit the lifestyle or environmental niche of an animal through discrete molecular and biophysical modifications. Shark and skate electrosensory cells use specific potassium channels to support either indiscriminate detection of electrical stimuli or selective frequency tuning, respectively, demonstrating adaptation of sensory systems through discrete molecular modifications.
The Evolution of Phase I Trials, Past, Present, and Future: A Biostatistical Perspective

Abstract Phase I trial design for anticancer drug development have historically focused on identifying the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), based on the assumption that higher doses lead to greater efficacy. Recent examples of immunotherapies do not adhere to the MTD paradigm, suggesting that alternative approaches to dose finding in the era of novel agents should be utilized and developed. Optimal dose-finding approaches should consider both efficacy and toxicity and perhaps endpoints should be redefined to incorporate late occurring toxicities, and to address pseudo-progression and delayed responses. Large Phase I trials with expansion cohorts are feasible to implement, but should be developed with sound statistical designs, and rigorous monitoring of safety outcomes.
Chain of Events Leading to the Development of the Current Techniques of Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: The Time Was Ripe

In the late 1980s, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was started. At the time, this was radical and most surgeons opposed it. A few were courageous enough to believe in it and adopted it early on. This was a major milestone in surgery. Today, just over 30 years later, surgery residents in the USA rarely see open cholecystectomies, and many never see an open common bile duct exploration. In the USA, cholecystectomy is the most common general surgical procedure. Inguinal hernia repair is probably the second most common general surgical procedure, and approximately 690,000 groin hernia repairs were being performed annually in the USA in 1991. At that time nearly all were performed open, and patients stayed in the hospital for postoperative care. Recurrences were high. Today, in the USA, the vast majorities are performed as an outpatient procedure. Most are still performed with a variety of open approaches. The number of different techniques for inguinal hernia repair has greatly increased with both laparoscopic and open surgeries. There is no uniform agreement on the best repair. There is controversy over open repairs and controversies over the laparoscopic approaches. In fact there are more approaches today than 30 years ago. The penetration of the laparoscopic approach in the USA is probably only about 20–30%. This penetration is higher in some countries such as Germany than in others. In some countries with limited medical resources, this approach is not affordable. The laparoscopic approach requires general anesthesia that adds to the cost. Even without factoring in anesthesia, it is more costly to perform due to the added costs of laparoscopy and many of the specialty tools such as tacking devices, balloons, glues, modified meshes, etc. Nonetheless, in theory, the preperitoneal placement of mesh is probably the most anatomical. It is less painful and provides a quicker recovery with the lowest recurrence when done properly using large meshes. Even with the laparoscopic approaches, there is controversy over the best approach. Should a TEP or TAPP be done, what type and size of mesh should be used, and is fixation necessary? How extensive should the dissection be? Will we be seeing mesh migration such as in the gynecologic pelvic suspension procedures and hiatal hernia repairs?
Structural and Functional Components of Brain Networks for Language

Novel imaging methodologies and imaging analytic techniques have made it possible to investigate network-level structure and function in vivo . This focus on networks has provided new insights to how brain regions interact at the functional and structural (anatomical) levels to support language in the healthy brain and how these networks change in response to injury and disease. The network focus continues to move the field away from the classic Broca–Wernicke–Geschwind model of language – which focussed on only a small number of regions and connections – to a more comprehensive understanding of the neurobiology of language.
Basal area growth of individual trees: a model derived from a regional longleaf pine growth study.

An individual tree basal area increment (BAD model for thinned, even-aged stands of naturally regenerated longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is presented. The model is an intrinsically nonlinear equation, which is constrained so that it performs within the bounds of biologically reasonable outputs for any combination of values for the independent variables. All parameters in the equation were estimated simultaneously. This is a departure from the more traditional potential-times-modifier approach in which parameters for a potential growth function are estimated from a sample of trees exhibiting the fastest growth. Independent variables used to describe BAI are stand basal area, the competitive position of an individual tree within the stand calculated as the sum of the basal areas of all trees larger than the subject tree, mean age of dominant and codominant rees, and individual tree diameter outside-bark at breast height. Noticeably absent from the model is an independent variable that explidtly characterizes ite differences. FOR. SCL 40(3): 528-542.
The relationship between information and decision making and the effect on the reliability and failure of information systems

Research by the principal investigator and a number of colleagues — first at Ohio State University and now at the Purdue School of Science at Indianapolis — has been underway for some time in order to develop a fundamental theory of information flow and analysis and to apply it effectively to practical and useful situations. We attempt to identify, and more important, to quantify the significant variables and parameters in the information flow process, and then to establish relationships among these variables.