cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bi-relational Network Analysis Using a Fast Random Walk with Restart

Identification of nodes relevant to a given node in a relational network is a basic problem in network analysis with great practical importance. Most existing network analysis algorithms utilize one single relation to define relevancy among nodes. However, in real world applications multiple relationships exist between nodes in a network. Therefore, network analysis algorithms that can make use of more than one relation to identify the relevance set for a node are needed. In this paper, we show how the Random Walk with Restart (RWR) approach can be used to study relevancy in a bi-relational network from the bibliographic domain, and show that making use of two relations results in better results as compared to approaches that use a single relation. As relational networks can be very large, we also propose a fast implementation for RWR by adapting an existing Iterative Aggregation and Disaggregation (IAD) approach. The IAD-based RWR exploits the block-wise structure of real world networks. Experimental results show significant increase in running time for the IAD-based RWR compared to the traditional power method based RWR.
Low power latch design in near sub-threshold region to improve reliability for soft error

As technology is scaled down, supply voltage and gate capacitances are reduced which degrades the reliability of the circuits. For near sub-threshold region design, this causes even more serious reliability issues because the supply voltage is reduced to near the threshold voltage of the devices. Soft error is one such phenomenon which changes internal node voltage due to external noise. Hence it is necessary to design soft error immune digital circuits. This paper proposes a low power novel hardened latch design using 45nm technology in near sub-threshold region. Extensive HSPICE simulation proves that 15 times critical charge (Qcrit) improvement and 80% of delay reduction are achieved by using the proposed design compared to the hardened latch design up to date.
AICAR inhibits ceramide biosynthesis in skeletal muscle

Background The worldwide prevalence of obesity has lead to increased efforts to find therapies to treat obesity-related pathologies. Ceramide is a well-established mediator of several health problems that arise from adipose tissue expansion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AICAR, an AMPK-activating drug, selectively reduces skeletal muscle ceramide synthesis.
Adapted Assessment of Phonological Sensitivity Skills: A Preliminary Investigation

Children with little or no functional speech are at risk for literacy acquisition. Assessment of early literacy skills is particularly challenging among this population due to the need for children to provide a spoken response to tasks. This study explored the effects of adapted response modes on measures of phonological sensitivity. Assessment tasks were administered in three response conditions to 12 typically developing kindergarten students with 4 participants in each response condition. Identical tasks were administered in the speech response condition, speech response condition combined with picture response arrays, and nonspeech response condition whereby participants pointed to answers on picture response arrays. Results revealed no statistically significant differences in scores across the three response conditions for 11 of 12 tasks, suggesting that nonspeech assessment of phonological sensitivity should continue to be explored as a feasible option for use among individuals with little or no fun...
Tissue Perfusion and Enhancement on Gray-scale

The availability of contrast agents has conferred upon computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the ability to expand beyond anatomic depiction of normal and diseased tissues. Using intravenous contrast, which is common practice with CT and MR, these modalities provide information on the relative vascularity of a suspect lesion and, with repeated observations, the wash-in and wash-out patterns of the agent to allow for lesion characterization (BARENTSZ et al. 1996).
A corner feature sensitive marching squares

Marching Squares (MS), a well-known 2D isocontouring algorithm for image data, can produce an isocontour that lacks any sharp corner features of the true underlying structure's boundary. Here, an extension to Marching Squares that can produce a contour with sharp corners is presented. Our extension involves first detecting locations in the image for which there is evidence that a sharp corner feature is present. Then, contour orientation characteristics of regions nearby such locations are exploited to produce an isocontour containing sharp corners. Results from application of the extension are also presented here.
Molecular biology of the HLA system in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

Genetic studies indicate that the IDDM susceptibility genes in the HLA region are closely linked to the DR3 and DR4 specificities; however, these specificities do not define the actual susceptibility genes. Molecular studies confirm this hypothesis by demonstrating restriction fragment length polymorphism between DNA's of identical DR specificities and thereby separating the DR haplotypes into those strongly or weakly associated with IDDM. Further studies at the nucleotide sequence level demonstrate further heterogeneity, with DR4 being associated with at least three different DQ beta genes and five different genes of the DR beta-1 locus. However, the majority of these subtypes are now recognized either serologically or by T-cell responses in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Furthermore, the sequences associated with IDDM are those most commonly found in DR4 individuals, ie, Dw4 and DQw3.2. Clearly, these and other class II genes must be studied for additional DNA polymorphism and their relevance for IDDM. For example, the DX alpha, 2.1-kb Taql polymorphism shows a stronger correlation with IDDM than DR3. However, it is not even known if the DX alpha genes are expressed. In addition, little is known of the DQ beta and DR beta genes associated with different DR3-associated haplotypes. Furthermore, an IDDM susceptibility gene may contain important differences in flanking or intron sequences controlling expression of these genes. The methods of recombinant DNA technology are enabling these unanswered questions to be addressed.
From Bareiss' Algorithm to the Stable Computation of Partial Correlations

Abstract This paper presents a new algorithm for the stable computation of sample partial correlation coefficients. We start by generalizing Bareiss' algorithm for the solution of linear systems of equations with (non-symmetric) Toeplitz coefficient matrix to matrices that are not Toeplitz, and show that it computes their LU and UL factorizations. For symmetric positive-definite matrices B , the normalized version of Bareiss' algorithm is the Hyperbolic Cholesky algorithm, which computes the upper and lower triangular Cholesky factors U and L of B by means of 2×2 hyperbolic rotations. If B is a convariance matrix, certain partial correlation coefficients may be obtained as the geometric means of the multiplier pairs in Bareiss' algorithm or as the hyperbolic tangents of the hyperbolic rotations. The partial correlation coefficients for a given data matrix A may suffer from serious loss of numerical accuracy when computed from the covariance matrix B = A T A . While the data flow graph of Bareiss' algorithm suggests a method, due to Cybenko, for computing partial correlation coefficients directly from the columns of A , the graph of Hyperbolic Cholesky suggests an alternative that requires fewer operations nd exhibits a higher degree of parallelism. In that method one computes the QR decomposition A = QU of the data matrix and applies orthogonal rotations to transform U to L ; the sines of the rotation angles constitute a set of partial correlation coefficients. We extend this approach to determine arbitrary partial correlation coefficients at little extra computational cost.
Anisotropic material transport by eddies and eddy-driven currents in a model of the North Atlantic

Abstract This study analyzes anisotropic properties of the material transport by eddies and eddy-driven zonal jets in a general circulation model of the North Atlantic through the analysis of Lagrangian particle trajectories. Spreading rates—defined here as half the rate of change in the particle dispersion—in the zonal direction systematically exceed the meridional rates by an order of magnitude. Area-averaged values for the upper-ocean zonal and meridional spreading rates are approximately 8100 and 1400 m2 s−1, respectively, and in the deep ocean they are 2400 and 200 m2 s−1. The results demonstrate that this anisotropy is mainly due to the action of the transient eddies and not to the shear dispersion associated with the time-mean jets. This property is consistent with the fact that eddies in this study have zonally elongated shapes. With the exception of the upper-ocean subpolar gyre, eddies also cause the superdiffusive zonal spreading, significant variations in the spreading rate in the vertical and...
Informatics Methods to Enable Patient-centered Radiology

Informatics methods and systems in support of clinical care are well established in the health care enterprise. The new paradigm of patient-centered radiology creates new requirements and challenges that can be enabled by informatics. In particular, computer support can help referring physicians tailor their imaging requests to those procedures that would be most helpful for their patients'clinical context. Informatics methods can assist radiologists in recognizing important findings in images as well as helping them decide the best course of action for patients given the radiologic imaging results and other clinical data. Finally, informatics methods can help engage patients in their care by providing information about their imaging procedures and results. All of these informatics technologies share in common the ability to bring together critical knowledge filtered according to the specific requirements of patients undergoing radiologic imaging, a key component of patient-centered radiology. The goals of this article are to review the opportunities for informatics in supporting patient-centered radiology, to demonstrate the potential utility of these methods, and to point radiologists to the ways that informatics will help them provide care that is tailored to each patient.
Adaptive economic and ecological forest management under risk

Forest managers must deal with inherently stochastic ecological and economic processes. The future growth of trees is uncertain, and so is their value. The randomness of low-impact, high frequency or rare catastrophic shocks in forest growth has significant implications in shaping the mix of tree species and the forest landscape. In addition, the fluctuations of wood prices influence greatly forest revenues. Markov decision process models (MDPs) offer a rigorous and practical way of developing optimum management strategies, given these multiple sources of risk. Examples illustrate how such management guidelines are obtained with MDPs for combined ecological and economic objectives, including diversity of tree species and size, landscape diversity, old growth preservation, and carbon sequestration. The findings illustrate the power of the MDP approach to deal with risk in forest resource management. They recognize that the future is best viewed in terms of probabilities. Given these probabilities, MDPs tie optimum adaptive actions strictly to the state of the forest and timber prices at decision time. The methods are theoretically rigorous, numerically efficient, and practical for field implementation.
The Free Precession and Libration of Mercury

Abstract An analysis based on the direct torque equations including tidal dissipation and a viscous core–mantle coupling is used to determine the damping time scales of O ( 10 5 ) years for free precession of the spin about the Cassini state and free libration in longitude for Mercury. The core–mantle coupling dominates the damping over the tides by one to two orders of magnitude for the plausible parameters chosen. The short damping times compared with the age of the Solar System means we must find recent or on-going excitation mechanisms if such free motions are found by the current radar experiments or the future measurement by the MESSENGER and BepiColombo spacecraft that will orbit Mercury. We also show that the average precession rate is increased by about 30% over that obtained from the traditional precession constant because of a spin–orbit resonance induced contribution by the C 22 term in the expansion of the gravitational field. The C 22 contribution also causes the path of the spin during the precession to be slightly elliptical with a variation in the precession rate that is a maximum when the obliquity is a minimum. An observable free precession will compromise the determination of obliquity of the Cassini state and hence of C / M M R 2 for Mercury, but a detected free libration will not compromise the determination of the forced libration amplitude and thus the verification of a liquid core.
Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B to Trypsin and Chymotrypsin

Previous studies describing the inactivation of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile by trypsin and chymotrypsin used impure toxin and protease preparations. We repeated these studies using highly purified toxin, and trypsin and chymotrypsin that were not contaminated with each other. Our findings show that toxin A is resistant to trypsin but not chymotrypsin and that toxin B is inactivated by both proteases. Neither toxin was activated by the proteases. Keywords: C. difficile ; Toxin A; Toxin B; Proteases.
TableSeer: automatic table metadata extraction and searching in digital libraries

Tables are ubiquitous in digital libraries. In scientific documents, tables are widely used to present experimental results or statistical data in a condensed fashion. However, current search engines do not support table search. The difficulty of automatic extracting tables from un-tagged documents, the lack of a universal table metadata specification, and the limitation of the existing ranking schemes make table search problem challenging. In this paper, we describe TableSeer, a search engine for tables. TableSeer crawls digital libraries, detects tables from documents, extracts tables metadata, indexes and ranks tables, and provides a user-friendly search interface. We propose an extensive set of medium-independent metadata for tables that scientists and other users can adopt for representing table information. In addition, we devise a novel page box-cutting method to improve the performance of the table detection. Given a query, TableSeer ranks the matched tables using an innovative ranking algorithm - TableRank. TableRank rates each query, tableℂ pair with a tailored vector space model and a specific term weighting scheme. Overall, TableSeer eliminates the burden of manually extract table data from digital libraries and enables users to automatically examine tables. We demonstrate the value of TableSeer with empirical studies on scientific documents.
A Case Study in Dental Curriculum Change: University of Kentucky

The University of Kentucky College of Dentistry curriculum has aroused much attention and comment among dental educators throughout the world. Planned in advance by a core faculty eager to improve dental education, the program was instituted when the college opened in 1962. An overview of the first eight years shows how the original educational philosophy was developed, what curriculum revisions were deemed necessary, and how faculty and students have responded to the total program.
Informatic and Functional Approaches to Identifying a Regulatory Region for the Cardiac Sodium Channel

Rationale: Although multiple lines of evidence suggest that variable expression of the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A plays a role in susceptibility to arrhythmia, little is known about its transcriptional regulation. Objective: We used in silico and in vitro experiments to identify possible noncoding sequences important for transcriptional regulation of SCN5A . The results were extended to mice in which a putative regulatory region was deleted. Methods and Results: We identified 92 noncoding regions highly conserved (>70%) between human and mouse SCN5A orthologs. Three conserved noncoding sequences (CNS) showed significant (>5-fold) activity in luciferase assays. Further in vitro studies indicated one, CNS28 in intron 1, as a potential regulatory region. Using recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE), we generated mice in which a 435–base pair region encompassing CNS28 was removed. Animals homozygous for the deletion showed significant increases in SCN5A transcripts, NaV1.5 protein abundance, and sodium current measured in isolated ventricular myocytes. ECGs revealed a significantly shorter QRS (10.7±0.2 ms in controls versus 9.7±0.2 ms in knockouts), indicating more rapid ventricular conduction. In vitro analysis of CNS28 identified a short 3′ segment within this region required for regulatory activity and including an E-box motif. Deletion of this segment reduced reporter activity to 3.6%±0.3% of baseline in CHO cells and 16%±3% in myocytes (both P <0.05), and mutation of individual sites in the E-box restored activity to 62%±4% and 57%±2% of baseline in CHO cells and myocytes, respectively (both P <0.05). Conclusions: These findings establish that regulation of cardiac sodium channel expression modulates channel function in vivo, and identify a noncoding region underlying this regulation. # Novelty and Significance {#article-title-37}
Home-based primary care: a needed primary-care model for vulnerable populations.

Home-based primary care has a long history in American medicine, and its prevalence is again increasing slowly in the United States in response to a changing demographic, societal, and health-policy climate. There are many models of home-based primary care, including private practice, academic, Veterans Affairs–associated, and concierge practices. There is a growing body of literature supporting the effectiveness of the medical house-call model. New healthcare reform initiatives could further impact the number and size of home-based primary-care practices, including the Independence at Home and the Accountable Care Organization demonstration projects. Mt Sinai J Med 79:425–432, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Freedom of Religion and Minority Religions in Hungary

Religious freedom issues in Hungary can be of particular interest for several reasons. Hungary has had a long tradition of religious tolerance and has had a relatively colorful denominational landscape. Transylvania was the first state in Europe to enact religious freedom for the four denominations of the “three nations” of the Principality in 1568. Furthermore, the institutional framework of the freedom of religion, the relationship between State and Church is determined by history to a lower degree in the counties that have established a new constitutional order recently enabling them to find new solutions—in comparison with Western Europe.
NRC-Canada-2014: Recent Improvements in the Sentiment Analysis of Tweets

This paper describes state-of-the-art statistical systems for automatic sentiment analysis of tweets. In a Semeval-2014 shared task (Task 9), our submissions obtained highest scores in the term-level sentiment classification subtask on both the 2013 and 2014 tweets test sets. In the message-level sentiment classification task, our submissions obtained highest scores on the LiveJournal blog posts test set, sarcastic tweets test set, and the 2013 SMS test set. These systems build on our SemEval-2013 sentiment analysis systems (Mohammad et al., 2013) which ranked first in both the termand message-level subtasks in 2013. Key improvements over the 2013 systems are in the handling of negation. We create separate tweet-specific sentiment lexicons for terms in affirmative contexts and in negated contexts.
Additive and nonadditive effects of serial applications of gibberellic acid on sugarcane internode growth

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) plants were exogenously supplied with, 0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg gibberellic acid (GA,) per stalk in single and multiple applications. Increases in stalk fresh weight, total stalk length, and lengths of individual internodes were primarily a function of the interval between applications. Applications produced additive growth responses at 15- and 30-day intervals but not at 0- and 45-day intervals.
Eddy currents induced in a conducting rod of finite length by a coaxial encircling coil

This paper describes the calculation of eddy currents in a cylindrical conductive rod of finite length due to a coaxial circular coil carrying an alternating current. The coil impedance variation with frequency is determined from the field for an arbitrary coaxial location of the coil. Expressions for electromagnetic field and impedance of a coil encircling an infinite cylindrical rod are well known, the results being expressed as infinite integrals involving Bessel functions. For a finite length rod, additional boundary conditions must be satisfied at the ends. The extra boundary conditions are accommodated here by recasting the problem in a domain of finite extent in the axial direction. The axial length of the truncated domain is arbitrary and can be large compared with the coil length or the length of the rod. Therefore, the truncated domain solution can yield results that are numerically as close to the infinite domain solution as desired. The results provide a simple means of calculating the impedance of an inductor with a lossy core and can be used to investigate the linear properties of the core material.
Comparison of wall attachment and jet deflection microfluidic amplifiers

Two types of microfluidic amplifiers (unvented wall attachment and jet deflection) were examined using dry nitrogen as the test fluid. The devices were fabricated in silicon using standard micromachining methods and anodic sealing with a glass cap. Flow control and flow gain were demonstrated with supply pressures ranging up to 630 kPa. An asymmetric output flow was observed from the two output ports at sufficiently high supply pressures in both devices, suggesting possible shock wave formation. The jet deflection microfluidic amplifier presents a more symmetric behavior and provides higher flow variation than the wall attachment device. The ratio of the maximum and minimum output flows, as measured for the jet deflection device for various control and supply pressures, reveals a performance degradation at the onset of choked supply flow.
Nearly Invariant Subspaces of the Backward Shift

A theorem of D. Hitt describing certain subspaces of H2 that miss by one dimension being invariant under the backward shift operator is given a new approach and extended.
Photon emission from collisional excitation of N2O by 100-325-keV H+

Nitrous oxide was bombarded with protons with an energy range of 100\char21{}325 keV. The photon emission from collisional excitation of the ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$O in the wavelength range of 2000\char21{}7000 A\r{} was examined. The only spectral features found were from transitions from the A $^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}$ state to the X $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$ state of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$. The emission cross sections for the four most prominent bands were measured. The resulting cross-section data do not make a distinction between the Bethe-Born theory and the impact-parameter model.
Allozyme variation in two natural populations of Daphnia pulex

Gene-enzyme variation was examined at a number of allozyme loci, in two natural populations of Daphnia pulex. Both quantitative and qualitative differences were uncovered between the two populations. Temporal studies of variation, at three polymorphic loci, in a permanent population from Saratoga Lake revealed considerable fluctuations in allele and genotype frequency. The possible forces at work to produce these fluctuations are discussed. Genetic evidence is presented supporting the contention that parthenogenesis in this species is ameiotic. No consistent pattern of excess heterozygosity was observed in D. pulex.
Waldron on political legitimacy and the social minimum

L'A. etudie la theorie politique et sociale de Waldron en comparaison avec celle de Rawls sur la question du droit a un minimum social pour les citoyens. Il examine comment Waldron rejette les conceptions a base egalitariste de la legitimite et plaide pour une transparence des institutions sociales, ce qui lui parait etre l'engagement principal du liberalisme
Antiarrhythmic drug monitoring.

The classification of antiarrhythmic agents by mechanism of action aids the clinician in selecting appropriate antiarrhythmic drug therapy. The pharmacokinetics, the side effects, and the interpretation of serum levels of quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide, lidocaine, and other agents are discussed.
Overvoltage incident due to500kV isolator operation in Shanghe substation

Since the terminal box of400V operating power-supply had fused several times due to500kV isolator operation in Shanghe substation,site tests were made.The test results indicate that,because of the capacitive coupling between500kV high voltage line and400V power-supply line,high voltage was induced on the power-supply line during the isolator operation.To reduce the inductive voltage,shield cable is proposed,or connecting parallel capacitor to power-supply line temporarily.
Analysis of the situation of new-reported AIDS among spouses / fixed partners in Liuzhou city from 2009 to 2011

Objective To analyze the situation of new-reported AIDS among spouses/fixed partners in Liuzhou city from 2009 to 2011, so as to provide evidence for AIDS prevention and control. Method Descriptive epidemiological analysis was adopted to analyze the cases of new-reported AIDS infection in spouses/fixed partners in Liuzhou city from 2009 to 2011. Results A total of 706 HIV/AIDS cases of spouses/fixed partners transmission had been reported between 2009 to 2011, showing a trend of increase, but the ratio of heterosexual transmission was descend year by year,accounting for 20.34%,16.14% and 14.60% respectively(χ2=16.33,P0.05). The ratio of gender was 1∶2.99. The distribution of the cases had obvious area agglomeration. The majority of the new-reported cases were married, accounted for 79.32%; patients over 60 years old were on the rise, accounted for 23.80%;61.76% new-reported were HIV infected and increased yearly.Conclusion Transmission among spouses/fixed partners was the main route of heterosexual transmission of HIV.
Consumer Satisfaction With the Automobile Industry

In this study recent car buyers ’ satisfaction with the automobile industry is examined. The satisfaction literature is reviewed and Lundstrom and Lamont’s discontent scale is adopted for the data collection. The findings suggest that buyers are generally satisfied with car manufacturers but dissatisfied with car dealers’ service departments and their selling techniques. The respondante also felt that there are too many styles and types of automobiles to choose from. Specific sources of discontent are identified.
Sleep Onset Facilitation by Tones

In five successive sessions the effect on sleep latencies of three sound stimuli (silence, continuous sound, and an intermittent tone), as well as the combination of a tone plus counting or eye closing, were compared. Tests were conducted under a condition of "artificial insomnia": the subjects attempted sleep in the morning after a full night's sleep. No condition approached the latencies after a night of sleep deprivation. The intermittent tone and the tone plus counting were most effective and showed a differential sessions effect. The tone plus eye opening and closing was counterproductive.
Translating Pharmacogenomic Research to Therapeutic Potentials

Abstract Predicting an individual patient's response to drug therapy has long been a goal of precision medicine in every therapeutic area. The mapping of the human genome and subsequent advancements in genetic technology had raised the public expectation that precision drug therapy would come sooner than later. However, most stakeholders involved in drug development and clinical decision-making would agree that achieving this goal remains years, if not decades, away. Application of genomic findings and technologies in clinical practice and drug development require addressing the logistics and challenges at multiple levels that go beyond discovery of gene variants and/or completion of prospective controlled clinical trials. The goal of precision medicine can only be achieved with all stakeholders in the field working together, and occasionally accepting a paradigm change in their current approach.
Impact of Homocysteine Level on Long-term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients after Coronary Artery Stenting.

Aim: The prognostic value of homocysteine (HCY) in patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) is still controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate whether elevated HCY level at admission predict long-term outcomes in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with coronary artery stenting. Methods: From the institutional registry of Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis and Percutaneous TrAnsluminal INterventions (CAPTAIN), we enrolled a total of 1,307 patients with documented CAD undergone PCI with bare metal stents from July 2003 to December 2014. They were divided into two groups according to the fasting plasma HCY levels before catheterization: group I (883 patients, < 12 µmol/L) and group II (424 patients, ≥ 12 µmol/L). The primary endpoint was occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, target lesion revascularization, new lesion stenting, and requiring bypass surgery. Results: After a mean follow-up period of 58 ± 41 months, the group II patients had a higher MACE rate (33.3% vs. 25.6%, p = 0.005). The main differences between two groups were cardiac death (8.0% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.001) and new lesion stenting (13.6% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.034). The risks of long-term MACE remained significantly higher in patients with elevated HCY level (≥ 12 µmol/L) after adjusting for clinical variables, with a hazard ratio of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.02–1.64, p = 0.036). Conclusions: Elevated HCY level (≥ 12 µmol/L) was independently associated with increased risk of long-term cardiovascular events in patients after coronary artery bare metal stents implantations. Thus, hyperhomocysteinemia may remain a useful prognostic marker for the risk assessment in clinical care of CAD patients.
Human Activity Recognition using Deep Neural Network with Contextual Information

Human activity recognition is an important yet challenging research topic in the computer vision community. In this paper, we propose context features along with a deep model to recognize the individual subject activity in the videos of real-world scenes. Besides the motion features of the subject, we also utilize context information from multiple sources to improve the recognition performance. We introduce the scene context features that describe the environment of the subject at global and local levels. We design a deep neural network structure to obtain the high-level representation of human activity combining both motion features and context features. We demonstrate that the proposed context feature and deep model improve the activity recognition performance by comparing with baseline approaches. We also show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods on 5-activities and 6-activities versions of the Collective Activities Dataset.
Continuing the Dialogue: Civil Juries and the Allocation of Judicial Power

Romanticism and sentimentality may have obscured important reasons for the introduction and retention of the jury as an American institution. There are a number of roles fulfilled by this institution that therefore may no longer be apparent. In an address to the National Conference on the Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justice in 1976, Chief Justice Burger urged the conferees to undertake a frank reexamination of the effectiveness of our methods of dispute resolution. The Chief Justice suggested the continuing viability of civil juries as an appropriate subject for serious consideration and reminded his audience that England abandoned use of the civil jury trial in most cases more than forty years ago. Although Britain’s virtual abandonment of civil juries is often cited as evidence of the jury’s inefficiency, the British experience is opposite to that of the United States. In the United States, the jury performs a valuable function by resolving black box, or arbitrary, factual issues and spares the judiciary from engaging in a subterfuge that weakens its credibility with the public. Additionally, the absence of a jury generally results in a corresponding increase in the role and power of the appellate courts. Finally, the jury performs an essential role in our federal system by infusing a “public law” perspective into the judicial process. It is important that we not forget the jury’s origin in the Constitution as a political institution, for, ultimately, it still retains its power-allocating function today.
Beyond the 22%: Gender Inequity in Regional Theatres’ Show Selections

ABSTRACTAlthough many U.S. regional theatres claim that gender parity factors prominently into their seasons’ show selections, women playwrights continually struggle to have their work produced. In this study, we explore the dissonance between theatre professionals’ stated intentions and actions with regard to gender parity in play selection. Interviews with theatre professionals reveal that the prioritization of organizational needs over gender inclusion perpetuates a silencing of women’s voices in American regional theatre. The inclusivity of theatres and other types of arts organizations may improve with a reanalysis of organizational structures and communication, as well as a refocusing on the organizations’ immediate communities.
Emission factors of fine particulate matter, organic and elemental carbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide for four solid fuels commonly used in residential heating by the U.S. Navajo Nation.

ABSTRACTMost homes in the Navajo Nation use wood as their primary heating fuel, often in combination with locally mined coal. Previous studies observed health effects linked to this solid-fuel use in several Navajo communities. Emission factors (EFs) for common fuels used by the Navajo have not been reported using a relevant stove type. In this study, two softwoods (ponderosa pine and Utah juniper) and two high-volatile bituminous coals (Black Mesa and Fruitland) were tested with an in-use residential conventional wood stove (homestove) using a modified American Society for Testing and Materials/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ASTM/EPA) protocol. Filter sampling quantified PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) and organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon in the emissions. Real-time monitoring quantified carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and total suspended particles (TSP). EFs for these air pollutants were developed and normalized to both fuel mass and energy consum...
Modeling & Analysis of Gene Expression as a Nonlinear Feedback Problem With State-Dependent Delay

Abstract This paper models the dynamics of gene expression as a nonlinear negative feedback system with a state-dependent delay. The delay accounts for the lag from the initiation of transcription until the appearance of the mature protein messenger RNA (mRNA). We do not consider this delay to be constant. Rather, we take this delay to be dependent on the instantaneous concentration of the protein. This gives rise to a nonlinear biological system with a state-dependent delay. We consider the degradation of mRNA and protein in the mathematical model. We give conditions for the asymptotic stability of the system. We also give examples and simulation results for which periodic (oscillatory) solutions/limit cycles are obtained.
A multicolour flow cytometric assay for c-MYC protein in B-cell lymphoma.

Aim Develop an objective assay to detect c-MYC protein expression using multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) as an alternative to immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods 57 patient samples and 11 cell line samples were evaluated. Cell suspensions were obtained and c-MYC staining was performed in combination with CD45 and CD19 and, in some samples, CD10. The percentage of c-MYC+ cells by FCM was correlated with the percentage determined by IHC. The relationship between c-MYC protein expression and the presence of a c-MYC gene rearrangement in aggressive and high-grade lymphomas was also assessed. Results c-MYC expression by FCM and IHC demonstrated a high degree of correlation in a training set of 33 patient cases, r=0.92, 11 cell line samples, r=0.81 and in a validation set of 24 aggressive and high-grade B-cell lymphomas, r=0.85. c-MYC gene was rearranged by fluorescence in situ hybridisation in 6/9 samples with high c-MYC expression (>40%) by FCM and 6/14 by IHC. Conclusions We have developed a reliable multicolour FCM assay to detect c-MYC expression suitable for clinical laboratories that should be helpful to accurately quantify c-MYC expression in B-cell lymphomas.
Albumin disposition in critically Ill patients.

What is known and objective The purpose of this critical narrative review is to analyse studies evaluating the disposition of albumin in critically ill patients and to compare the findings to studies involving healthy subjects and less severely ill patients. Comment PubMed and EMBASE were reviewed for prospective studies involving the disposition of radiolabelled albumin. Studies of normal volunteers, patients undergoing surgical procedures and critically ill patients indicate a relationship between increasing disease acuity or severity and increasing transcapillary escape of albumin. In the only study that directly compared the disposition of radiolabelled albumin in healthy subjects and patients with septic shock, the transcapillary escape rate of albumin was more than twice as rapid in the patients with shock. What is new and conclusion Limited studies suggest that increasing disease severity increases transcapillary escape of albumin. Only one study compared the disposition of radiolabelled albumin in healthy subjects and critically ill patients. More studies are needed in subsets of critically ill patients.
Wave-Aware Trajectory Planning for Unmanned Surface Vehicles Operating in Congested Environments

Many practical operations like search and rescue operations are time-sensitive missions. In this paper, we present a wave-aware deliberative planner that avoids collisions with traffic vessels and also opportunistically traverses wavefields generated by these vessels while minimizing the execution time and the risk of failure. The planner performs a search over a 4D pose-time lattice to generate a collision-free, minimum-risk sequence of motion goals. It addresses motion uncertainty, failure risk and perception uncertainty. We also present heuristics and adaptive motion goals to speed-up computation. We present simulation results showing that our wave-aware planner produces plans that execute faster compared to the typical reactive planning scheme. We also present results from physical experiments showing the feasibility of the proposed approach.
From Riggs v. Palmer to Shelley v. Kraemer: The Continuing Significance of the Law-Equity Distinction

This chapter begins with a sharp distinction between two kinds of judicial authority — the authority to apply law and to do equity. Plaintiffs who file suit on a claim of legal right assert an entitlement to recourse from the defendant, and to judicial assistance in obtaining it. By contrast, equitable claims request a court to exercise its discretion to block or modify the ordinary operation of the law, or to provide relief to which there is no legal entitlement. This distinction, we argue, sheds light on some of American law’s most famous and controversial decisions, including Riggs v. Palmer, Moore v. Regents, and Shelley v. Kraemer. Indeed, insofar as each reaches a defensible result, it is because it is an instance of a court doing equity rather than applying law. As our analysis of these and other decisions demonstrates, an appreciation of the law-equity distinction remains necessary for an adequate understanding of Anglo-American legal systems.
Managing Face while Managing Privacy: Factors that Predict Young Adults' Communication about Sexually Transmitted Infections with Romantic Partners.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common infectious diseases in the United States with nearly 20 million new cases diagnosed each year in young adults (age 15–24). Communica...
Structure and Function of Prostanoid Receptors as Revealed by Site-Directed Mutagenesis

There are five physiologically dominant prostaglandins which are all derived from arachadonic acid through cyclooxygenase pathway (1). These five metabolites, PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, PGI2, and TXA2, produce their physiological effects through separate receptors, which have been defined as DP, EP, FP, IP and TP respectively (2). There is also further subdivision of the EP receptors into EP, EP2, EP3 and EP4 (2). The cDNAs of all these receptors have been cloned (3). The primary structures of these prostanoid receptors reveal that they are members of the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors that appear to have a single subunit structure containing seven transmembrane domains (TM) (4). Although these prostanoid receptors have been characterized biochemically as ligand binding activities for radiolabled prostaglandins and their analogues, the structure and function relationship of these receptors is virtually unknown. Judging from the similarity of the structures of prostaglandins, one would expect that these receptors exhibit high degree of amino acid conservation, especially in regions implicated in ligand binding and interactions with G-proteins. Other residues, whose role have remained obscure, are also conserved across virtually all members of this superfamily (5,6).
Estrogens II: Catechol, Estrogens

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by James L. Wittliff, Sarah A. Andres, and D. Alan Kerr II, volume 2, pp 248–251, © 2005, Elsevier Inc.
Parent-Toddler Social Reciprocity During Reading From Electronic Tablets vs Print Books.

Importance Although the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends parent-child joint engagement with digital media, recent evidence suggests this may be challenging when tablets contain interactive enhancements. Objective To examine parent-toddler social reciprocity while reading enhanced (eg, with sound effects, animation) and basic tablet-based books compared with print books. Design, Setting, and Participants This within-participants comparison included 37 parent-toddler dyads in a counterbalanced crossover, video-recorded laboratory design at the University of Michigan from May 31 to November 7, 2017. The volunteer sample was recruited from an online research registry and community sites. Dyads included children aged 24 to 36 months with no developmental delay or serious medical condition, parents who were the legal guardians and read English sufficiently for consent, and parents and children without uncorrected hearing or vision impairments. Data were analyzed from October 18, 2017, through April 30, 2018. Exposures Reading an enhanced tablet-based book, a basic tablet-based book, and a print book in counterbalanced order for 5 minutes each. Main Outcomes and Measures Video recordings were coded continuously for nonverbal aspects of parent-toddler social reciprocity, including body position (child body posture limiting parental book access coded in 10-second intervals), control behaviors (child closing the book, child grabbing the book or tablet, parent or child pivoting their body away from the other), and intrusive behaviors (parent or child pushing the other’s hand away). Coding intracorrelation coefficients were greater than 0.75. Poisson regression was used to compare each outcome by book format. Results Among the 37 parent-child dyads, mean (SD) parent age was 33.5 (4.0) years; 30 (81%) were mothers, and 28 (76%) had a 4-year college degree or greater educational attainment. Mean (SD) age of children was 29.2 (4.2) months, 20 (54%) were boys, 21 (57%) were white non-Hispanic, and 6 (16%) were black non-Hispanic. Compared with print books, greater frequency of child body posture limiting parental book access (mean [SD], 7.9 [1.9;P = .01] for enhanced; 8.4 [1.8;P = .006] for basic), child closing the book (mean [SD], 1.2 [0.4;P = .007] for enhanced; 1.2 [0.5;P Conclusions and Relevance In this study, toddlers and parents engaged in more frequent social control behaviors and less social reciprocity when reading tablet-based vs print books. These findings suggest that toddlers may have difficulty engaging in shared tablet experiences with their parents.
Structure and electronic properties of rare earth DOBDC metal–organic-frameworks

Here, we apply density functional theory (DFT) to investigate rare-earth metal organic frameworks (RE-MOFs), RE12(μ3-OH)16(C8O6H4)8(C8O6H5)4 (RE = Y, Eu, Tb, Yb), and characterize the level of theory needed to accurately predict structural and electronic properties in MOF materials with 4f-electrons. A two-step calculation approach of geometry optimization with spin-restricted DFT and large core potential (LCPs), and detailed electronic structures with spin-unrestricted DFT with a full valence potential + Hubbard U correction is investigated. Spin-restricted DFT with LCPs resulted in good agreement between experimental lattice parameters and optimized geometries, while a full valence potential is necessary for accurate representation of the electronic structure. The electronic structure of Eu-DOBDC MOF indicated a strong dependence on the treatment of highly localized 4f-electrons and spin polarization, as well as variation within a range of Hubbard corrections (U = 1–9 eV). For Hubbard corrected spin-unrestricted calculations, a U value of 1–4 eV maintains the non-metallic character of the band gap with slight deviations in f-orbital energetics. When compared with experimentally reported results, the importance of the full valence calculation and the Hubbard correction in correctly predicting the electronic structure is highlighted.
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: A Functional Hind Limb Model in Mice.

Abstract Background Vascularized composite allograft has emerged as a reconstructive option for patients who have suffered severe tissue loss. Animal models are critical for understanding the unique mechanisms of rejection in vascularized composite allograft. We present a functional mouse model of orthotopic hind limb transplantation using end-to-side anastomoses of the donor aorta and inferior vena cava to the respective recipient vessels. To the best of our knowledge, this approach has not been reported in the scientific literature. Materials and methods A single surgeon performed all transplants (J.W.). A total of 13 syngeneic and 10 fully mismatched allogeneic transplants were performed without immunosuppression. Skin samples from the grafts were collected at the time of euthanasia. Results Five syngeneic mice survived for more than 90 d after transplant. All allografts displayed clinical and histologic signs of acute rejection such as a rash at the time of graft excision. The overall technical success rate of all transplants in this study was 74% (17 of 23). Conclusions We demonstrate the feasibility of end-to-side anastomoses of the donor aorta and inferior vena cava with functional recovery of the transplant in a mouse model of orthotopic hind limb transplantation.