cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive efficacy of a novel intrauterine device (IUD) in white-tailed deer

Overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) pose risks to property, health, and safety of human beings. Public concerns about lethal management can impair efforts to address these issues, particularly in urban settings. Several techniques developed for reducing reproductive output of deer have limited utility because they require repeated dosing to achieve permanent effect and face uncertain regulatory approval for use beyond experimentation. From 10 August 2006 through 30 December 2007, we evaluated the contraceptive efficacy of copper-containing intrauterine devices (IUDs) implanted trans-cervically in white-tailed deer at the E.S. George Reserve in Pinckney, Michigan. Intrauterine devices were implanted before (n = 9) and shortly after (n = 10) the breeding season. Post-breeding season IUD treatment was in conjunction with a 5 cm3 dose of 5 mg/ml prostaglandin F2 (PGF2), delivered subcutaneously. Intrauterine devices reduced pregnancy rates when administered prior to breeding (P < 0.001) and prevented pregnancy for up to 2 years (the duration of the study). Two of 8 does that received IUDs prior to the breeding season and survived to the end of the study became pregnant (due to loss of the implant) during the second year while all (n = 16) does without implants conceived. Cervical changes associated with early pregnancy made trans-cervical implantation after the breeding season challenging, and resulted in improperly placed IUDs in 2 treated does. The apparent expulsion of IUDs by pregnant does that received the combined treatment after breeding suggests IUD treatment should be limited to the pre-breeding season. Intrauterine devices show potential as a tool for small-scale deer population management via non-steroidal reproductive inhibition.
Document-Driven Design for Distributed CAD Services in Service-Oriented Architecture

Current computer-aided design (CAD) systems only support interactive geometry generation, which is not ideal for distributed engineering services in enterprise-to-enterprise collaboration with a generic thin-client service-oriented architecture. This paper proposes a new feature-based modeling mechanism-document-driven design-to enable batch mode geometry construction for distributed CAD systems. A semantic feature model is developed to represent informative and communicative design intent. Feature semantics is explicitly captured as a trinary relation, which provides good extensibility and prevents semantics loss. Data interoperability between domains is enhanced by schema mapping and multiresolution semantics. This mechanism aims to enable asynchronous communication in distributed CAD environments with ease of design alternative evaluation and reuse, reduced human errors, and improved system throughput and utilization.
Gene expression analysis of forskolin treated basilar papillae identifies microRNA181a as a mediator of proliferation.

Background: Auditory hair cells spontaneously regenerate following injury in birds but not mammals. A better understanding of the molecular events underlying hair cell regeneration in birds may allow for identification and eventually manipulation of relevant pathways in mammals to stimulate regeneration and restore hearing in deaf patients. Methodology/Principal Findings: Gene expression was profiled in forskolin treated (i.e., proliferating) and quiescent control auditory epithelia of post-hatch chicks using an Affymetrix whole-genome chicken array after 24 (n=6), 48 (n=6), and 72 (n=12) hours in culture. In the forskolin-treated epithelia there was significant (p,0.05; .two-fold change) upregulation of many genes thought to be relevant to cell cycle control and inner ear development. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed on the data and identified myriad microRNAs that are likely to be upregulated in the regenerating tissue, including microRNA181a (miR181a), which is known to mediate proliferation in other systems. Functional experiments showed that miR181a overexpression is sufficient to stimulate proliferation within the basilar papilla, as assayed by BrdU incorporation. Further, some of the newly produced cells express the early hair cell marker myosin VI, suggesting that miR181a transfection can result in the production of new hair cells.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Tegument Protein VP22 Correlates with the Incorporation of VP22 into Virions

Tyrosine phosphorylation has been shown to play a role in the replication of several herpesviruses. In this report, we demonstrate that bovine herpesvirus 1 infection triggered tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins with molecular masses similar to those of phosphorylated viral structural proteins. One of the tyrosine-phosphorylated viral structural proteins was the tegument protein VP22. A tyrosine 38-to-phenylalanine mutation totally abolished the phosphorylation of VP22 in transfected cells. However, construction of a VP22 tyrosine 38-to-phenylalanine mutant virus demonstrated that VP22 was still phosphorylated but that the phosphorylation site may change to the C terminus rather than be in the N terminus as in wild-type VP22. In addition, the loss of VP22 tyrosine phosphorylation correlated with reduced incorporation of VP22 compared to that of envelope glycoprotein D in the mutant viruses but not with the amount of VP22 produced during virus infection. Our data suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of VP22 plays a role in virion assembly.
Experimental investigation of flame-holding capability of hydrogen transverse jet in supersonic cross-flow

This paper describes an experimental effort to characterize the flame-holding process of a hydrogen jet injected into a high total enthalpy supersonic cross flow. An expansion tube is used to provide a correct simulation of true flight combustion chemistry, including ignition delay and reaction times. This approach permitted a number of unique experiments involving acceleration of radical-free air to high total enthalpies. The experiments were designed to map the near-field flow characteristics and autoignition process of an underexpanded transverse hydrogen jet injected into flight-Mach number 10 and 13 total enthalpy flow conditions. Flow visualization techniques included planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of OH and schlieren imaging applied simultaneously. Schlieren images show the shock structure around the jet and the periodically formed coherent structures in the jet-free-stream interface. Overlaid OH-PLIF and schlieren images allow characterization of the autoignition of a hydrogen jet in air cross flow for different jet-to-free-stream momentum flux ratios at both flow conditions. Transverse jet autoignition and flame-holding characteristics observed in both side view and top view images by OH-PLIF reveal differences with previous results in the literature. In the present experiments, the first OH signals are obtained in the recirculation region upstream of the jet exit and in the bow shock region, while in past experiments with similar geometry but lower total enthalpy conditions, no strong OH signal was observed within the first 10 jet diameters. The OH-PLIF results for Mach 10 conditions also show that the OH signal level decreases significantly as the mixture expands around the jet flow field, indicating a partial quenching of the ignition. This indicates that combustion of hydrogen and air in these high total enthalpy conditions is a mixing-limited process. It is evident from the results that improved injection schemes will be required for practical applications in seramjet engines.
Millimeter-wave integrated circuits for wireless transceivers in BiCMOS technologies

This invited paper provides an overview of important attributes of a BiCMOS process in designing high-performance mm-wave integrated circuits, and contends, through several design examples, that it is perhaps one of the best process technologies for wireless applications that seek both high level of integration and high performance. In comparative study of BiCMOS performance compared to Silicon CMOS or III-V technologies, system-level considerations and circuit design issues will be illustrated. Several case studies including mm-wave integrated circuits designed and fabricated in BiCMOS processes will be introduced to provide experimental proof to these comparative studies.
The effect of stress on learning in surgical skill acquisition.

AbstractBackground: An excessive level of stress and anxiety in medical education can have a negative impact on learning. In particular, the interaction between attending surgeons and trainees in the operating room could induce stress on trainees that is counterproductive, especially if the teaching style or feedback is unduly harsh or critical.Aim: To characterize the effects of stress resulting from attending–trainee interaction during surgical skill acquisition.Methods: Forty medical students learned to perform the FLS pattern-cutting task for the first time in one of four scenarios. In the control condition, no mentor was present. In the three experimental conditions, participants were observed, encouraged, or criticized by an expert surgeon.Results: Task performance, as well as physiological and subjective indicators of stress, were measured. Taking both speed and accuracy into account, participants who were criticized performed the worst on the task, and those who were encouraged performed best. Phy...
Choosing to Suffer: Reflections on an Enigma

Most people pursue pleasure and seek to avoid pain. Some individuals, however, choose a life characterized by pain and suffering. The author describes the most common varieties of such behavior patterns: asceticism, martyrdom, penance and masochism. Critical psychodynamics are discussed and the author proposes a synthesis of the motivation underlying pain/suffering seeking behavior.
Standards and the Incentives for Innovation

We model the economics of the effects of standards on incentives for innovative investment. We use survey data from industrial respondents to parameterize our model, allowing us to explain and predict effects of technology standards on investment in the development of technology and thereby assess the benefits and costs of technology standards in a market equilibrium setting. Having parameterized the model with the responses of industry to our survey, we can also describe the differences in effects of standards for different types of firms and for different types of industrial research, and we can simulate the effects of stronger or weaker intellectual property (IP) protection, using the industrial responses to answer the question of how the opposing effects from changes in IP protection on balance affect innovative investments. We find that the net effects of standards for IP protection are positive, increasing innovative investments and increasing their private and social value.
Synergism Studies with Binary Mixtures of Permethrin plus Methyl Parathion, Chlorpyrifos, and Malathion on European Corn Borer Larvae

Binary mixtures of permethrin with methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, and malathion, respectively, in ratios of 9:1, 4:1, 2.3:1, and 1.5:1 insecticide: permethrin were tested for synergistic activity against larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Statistically significant ( P = 0.05) synergistic activity was exhibited by all tested mixtures of methyl parathion + permethrin and chlorpyrifos + permethrin. On the basis of LD50 values, mixtures of methyl parathion + permethrin were ca. 14- to 89-fold more toxic to the larvae than methyl parathion and ca. 5- to 34-fold more toxic than permethrin. Mixtures of chlorpyrifos + permethrin were ca. 25- to 29-fold more toxic than chlorpyrifos and ca. 5-fold more toxic than permethrin. Synergism was not exhibited by the mixtures of malathion + permethrin.
Exchange of radioactive magnesium in the rat.

SummaryMature and immature rats were injected with radioacitve magnesium and distribution of the isotope in various tissues was measured. The exchange with plasma magnesium was rapid and complete within 3 hours in liver, kidney, and heart muscle. In brain, testes, erythrocytes and skeletal muscle there was a rapidly exchanging component similar to that in liver, etc., but more than half the magnesium exchanged very slowly. The similarity between functionally disparate tissues in each of the 2 groups suggests that the magnesium is present in 2 or more physiologic states. In one state the turnover time is 1.2 hours and in the other it is 25 hours. The exchange was faster in muscles which were stimulated to contract repeatedly than in resting muscles. In immature rats uptake of radioactive magnesium by the testes was slightly faster than in the mature animals and net decay of plasma activity was faster but there were no other significant differences.
78 GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR PRODUCTION BY HUMAN KERATINOCYTES IN THE PRESENCE OF PIMECROLIMUS.

Rationale Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is overproduced by human keratinocytes (HKs) in chronic lesions of atopic dermatitis (AD) (Boguniewicz M. JACI 2006;117 Suppl:475-80). Increased concentration of GM-CSF could explain persistent inflammation with activation of dendritic cells. Additionally, Staphylococcus aureus exacerbates chronic lesions in AD by secreting superantigens, stimulating marked activation of T cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. Methods Confluent monolayers of HKs (ATCC CRL 2309) were stimulated with a cytomix composed of 100 mg/mL staphylococcal enterotoxin B and 10 U/mL rhIL-1β as determined by dose-response studies. HKs were stimulated with cytomix ± 10 −6 to 10 −10 M pimecrolimus (dosing range determined by dose-response studies) for 24 hours in serum-free media supplemented with insulin-transferrin-selenium (SFM) using standard cell culture conditions. The conditioned media was assayed for GM-CSF secretion by ELISA at the end of 24 hours of incubation. The HKs were analyzed for cell viability and proliferation using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] incorporation assay. The GM-CSF data (pg/mL) were normalized to the MTT absorption data (A550 nm). Parametric data are expressed below as the fold change mean ± 2 SD of normalized GM-CSF secretion by HKs incubated with cytomix plus drug relative to control (cytomix without drug) and analyzed by the two-tailed t -test (a = 0.05). Power for all studies was > 0.6. Results HKs showed > 95% viability by the MTT incorporation test in the presence of SFM. HK viability decreased to 50 to 70% in the presence of cytomix. The cytomix stimulated normalized GM-CSF secretion over SFM by 2.0 ± 0.9-fold. 10 −6 to 10 −10 M pimecrolimus did not improve the cell viability relative to cytomix; 10 −6 and 10 −7 M pimecrolimus in the presence of cytomix decreased normalized GM-CSF secretion by 2.0 ± 0.4 and 4.2 ± 3.0-fold, respectively, relative to cytomix alone ( p −8 to 10 −10 M pimecrolimus showed no statistical differences in the percent change in normalized GM-CSF secretion relative to cytomix alone. Conclusion 10 −6 and 10 −7 M pimecrolimus inhibited cytomix-induced increased normalized GM-CSF secretion by HKs in SFM. Funding: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.
RESEARCH ON THE CALCULATION OF PLASTIC STRAIN RATIO OF DEEP-DRAWING STEEL SHEETS WITH MEMODF METHOD

Estimation of plastic strain ratio-R-value is essential to accomplish the on-line control of property and quality of deep-drawing steel sheet. The quantitative calculation of plastic strain ratio of deep-drawing steel sheet is based on the accurate data of orientation distribution function (ODF). In this paper, the ODF data was calculated with maximum entropy method (MEM) and simplified ODF method respectively. And then grounded on the two kinds of ODF data, R-values are predicted according to continuum mechanics of textured polycrystals (CMTP) method and Konchend(?)rfer model. The results showed that the calculated values according to the data of MEMODF correspond better with the experimental values by comparison with those calculated with simplified ODF method.
[Multiple intracranial aneurysms and vascular abnormalities associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report].

We present an unusual case of multiple intracranial aneurysms, persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA), and fenestration of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), associated with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF 1). The patient was a 55-year-old woman in a state of semicoma. We observed widespread neurofibromas and cafe au lait spots on her trunk and limbs. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and right frontal intracerebral hemorrhage (WFNS grade IV, Fisher's classification group 4). Cerebral angiography showed two intracranial aneurysms at the anterior communicating artery, an aneurysm at the cavernous portion of the right carotid artery, a PPTA, and MCA fenestration. The patient remained in an apallic state, even after successful clipping of the anterior communicating artery aneurysms.
Influence of Ultrasound on Mouse Leukemia Cell DNA Synthesis, Membrane Integrity, and Uptake of Anticancer Drugs In Vitro

Prior work in this laboratory indicated that the exposure of L-1210 cell suspensions to ultrasound(10 minutes; continuous wave; 2.22 MHz; mean spacial intensity, 10 W/cm2) resulted in increased cytotoxicity in the presence of the anticancer drug, nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine; HN2). Cytotoxicity was judged by the prolongation of survival (median survival time) and the occurrence of “cures” or 30-day survivors of animals receiving a standard (1 X 105 cells) intraperitoneal inoculum of cells treated in vitro. The initial studies with HN2 suggested that the enhancement followed a dose response relationship to the drug and, indeed, we observed at that time a 1.5–2.0 fold increase in 14C-HN2 “uptake” by these leukemic cells. Additional studies were done using a variety of antineoplastic agents and of ten drugs tested, five were associated with increased cytotoxicity in the presence of ultrasound. These five drugs were as follows: mechlorethamine(HN2); arabinosyl cytosine(ARA-C);melphalan; 1,3bis(2-chloroethyn-1-nitrosourea(BCNU); and the metabolically activated alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide. In general, cytotoxicity increased at higher treatment temperatures over the range of 26–40°C. Results from studies in which changes were made in the time-intensity factors indicated that the major determinant of the observed effect was the ultimate, total energy incident upon the cells.
High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions and the Rhic Project at Brookhaven

High energy and nuclear physics have undergone extraordinary changes during the past fifteen years. The existence of quarks as the elementary constituents of hadronic matter has been confirmed, and the field of nuclear physics has embraced a wide-ranging program of research to study the structure of nuclear matter in terms of the quark degrees of freedom. As a result the characteristic energy of nuclear collision experiments is no longer confined to the few MeV range of traditional nuclear structure experiments, exploring a system of neutrons and protons, but extends into the many-GeV range which once was the exclusive domain of particle physics. This has led to a new generation of large accelerator facilities for nuclear physics. One example of these is the CEBAF 4 GeV electron beam facility now under construction in New Port News, Virginia.
Long-Term Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults With the Familial Hypercholesterolemia Phenotype.

Background:Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) affects up to 1 in 200 individuals in the United States, but atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes of FH in the general ...
Organizational Space and Place beyond Container or Construction: Exploring Workspace in the Communicative Constitution of Organizations

Space (measurable, objective) and place (meaningful space) are foundational elements of all organizations and organizing. However, extant literature on organizational space has focused on material space as a container for organizations or socially constructed places within organizations. Such an understanding contrasts research from critical geography that has demonstrated the centrality of space to all social life. Using geography and a constitutive approach to organizing, I propose that space and place be understood as both constitutive of, and constituted by, organizational communication. I conclude by proposing several areas for organizational communication research on space and general communication research.
Climate Change and Ethical Change

This chapter approaches a crucial ethical question: How should we respond to climate change? To begin, I sketch some of the impacts that climate change will have on human health. Then I consider who will be most vulnerable to these impacts. People’s vulnerability will depend on their temporal position, geographical location, social position, and on qualities of the society in which they live. Since some people and generations are more vulnerable to the risks of climate change, while other people and generations contribute more to the problem, climate change raises deep issues about justice. After noting why and where issues of justice arise, I focus attention on ethical issues about responsiveness, responsibility, and ethical change. I consider how people who are differently situated should respond to the current situation. Many people, especially in countries with high emissions, need to change the way they live: the technologies that they use, the social practices and institutions they participate in, and the habits and virtues that they embody. These are some of the social, political, and ethical changes that climate change calls for.
Intra-articular interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1-ra) microspheres for posttraumatic osteoarthritis: in vitro biological activity and in vivo disease modifying effect

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) can be disease-modifying in posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). One limitation is its short joint residence time. We hypothesized that IL-1 ra encapsulation in poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres reduces IL-1 ra systemic absorption and provides an enhanced anti-PTOA effect. IL-1 ra release kinetics and biological activity: IL-1 ra encapsulation into PLGA microsphere was performed using double emulsion solvent extraction. Lyophilized PLGA IL-1 ra microspheres were resuspended in PBS and supernatant IL-1 ra concentrations were assayed. The biological activity of IL-1 ra from PLGA IL-1 ra microspheres was performed using IL-1 induced lymphocyte proliferation and bovine articular cartilage degradation assays. Systemic absorption of IL-1 ra following intra-articular (IA) injection of PLGA IL-1 ra or IL-1 ra: At 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h following injection of 50 μl PLGA IL-1 ra (n = 6) or IL-1 ra (n = 6), serum samples were collected and IL-1 ra concentrations were determined. Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and IA dosing: ACLT was performed in 8–10 week old male Lewis rats (n = 42). PBS (50 μl; n = 9), IL-1 ra (50 μl; 5 mg/ml; n = 13), PLGA IL-1 ra (50 μl; equivalent to 5 mg/ml IL-1 ra; n = 14) or PLGA particles (50 μl; n = 6) treatments were performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 following ACLT. Cartilage and synovial histopathology: On day 35, animal ACLT joints were harvested and tibial cartilage and synovial histopathology scoring was performed. Percent IL-1 ra content in the supernatant at 6 h was 13.44 ± 9.27 % compared to 34.16 ± 12.04 %, 47.89 ± 12.71 %, 57.14 ± 11.71 %, and 93.90 ± 8.50 % at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. PLGA IL-1 ra inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and cartilage degradation similar to IL-1 ra. Serum IL-1 ra levels were significantly lower at 1, 3, and 6 h following PLGA IL-1 ra injection compared to IL-1 ra. Cartilage and synovial histopathology scores were significantly lower in the PLGA IL-1 ra group compared to PBS and PLGA groups (p < 0.001). IL-1 ra encapsulation in PLGA microspheres is feasible with no alteration to IL-1 ra biological activity. PLGA IL-1 ra exhibited an enhanced disease-modifying effect in a PTOA model compared to similarly dosed IL-1 ra.
Considering the Pedagogy of Advocacy

ABSTRACTIn this article, I describe my development of a pedagogical approach to teaching advocacy in postsecondary teacher preparation programs in dance. After eight years of teaching advocacy in a variety of formats within higher education, I have established specific strategies to prepare emerging dance educators to respond to the challenges in the field after graduation. Recognizing that program requirements vary across institutions, my proposed framework for teaching advocacy provides readers with a comprehensive educational experience that they can customize to meet students' needs and align with curricula and available resources. As it is organized by levels of cognitive processing and advocacy content, educators can consult the proposed structure yet simultaneously determine the appropriate length and depth of advocacy experiences within their classrooms. Despite specific reference to postsecondary teacher preparation programs in dance, this investigation into advocacy could contribute to the devel...
Mozart in Gaza, Unity Tunes in Cairo

The chapter describes a unique peace concert in dramatic circumstances in Gaza, conducted by the Israeli Maestro Daniel Barenboim. The concert, organized by UNSCO, took place only days before the conclusion of a Palestinian reconciliation accord in Cairo, which the author attended on behalf of the UN in spite of Israeli objections. While the need for Palestinian unity was generally well understood, the ways of achieving it proved much more controversial and elusive, and the Cairo agreement was no exception. The reasons why are addressed in this chapter.
User Experience Strategy for white labeling a software product

White label is a term used to refer to products, goods, or services that are produced by one company (producer) and distributed/ shipped, and sold by another company under their own brand/ tag. The original product is created or customized for a client to adhere to the client/ partner's brand identity and visual language.This paper shares insights of the UX strategy that we need to follow while white-labeling a software product. It also reiterates the fact that any product design including a white-labeling design exercise would be successful only when the business objective, user goals, and technology parameters are well-synchronized.
Naked singularities raise questions over general relativity

Numerical simulations of gravitational collapse that raise circumstances in which Einstein's general relativity theory apparently breaks down have been presented in a very intriguing report from two Cornell university researchers (Phys. Rev. Lett. (1991) 66 994).
“The Song That This Voice Sings”: Harmonizing Students' Personal and Professional Voices

Abstract This paper describes a capstone seminar offered as an elective in the final year of a single concentration, direct practiceMaster's program. In this seminar students use a reflective practice model to systematically review their graduate experience in the context of the questions they have about practice. The seminar challenges students to forge an articulated philosophy and perspective on their social work role and professional development, using the knowledge learned in graduate education and the values, assumptions, and philosophies brought to this knowledge from their own lives and practice actions.
Hypothetical Pattern Explanations in Economic Science: Hayek’s Explanation of the Principle and Pattern Prediction Meets Contemporary Philosophy of Science ☆

Abstract During the last decade or so, philosophers of science have shown increasing interest in scientific models and modeling. The primary impetus seems to have come from the philosophy of biology, but increasingly the philosophy of economics has been drawn into the discussion. This paper will focus on the particular subset of this literature that emphasizes the difference between a scientific model being explanatory and one that provides explanations of specific events. The main differences are in the structure of the models and the characteristics of the explanatory target. Traditionally, scientific explanations have been framed in terms of explaining particular events, but many scientific models have targets that are hypothetical patterns: “patterns of macroscopic behavior across systems that are heterogeneous at smaller scales” (Batterman & Rice, 2014, p. 349). The models with this characteristic are often highly idealized, and have complex and heterogeneous targets; such models are “central to a kind of modeling that is widely used in biology and economics” (Rohwer & Rice, 2013, p. 335). This paper has three main goals: (i) to discuss the literature on such models in the philosophy of biology, (ii) to show that certain economic phenomena possess the same degree of heterogeneity and complexity often encountered in biology (and thus, that hypothetical pattern explanations may be appropriate in certain areas of economics), and (iii) to demonstrate that Hayek’s arguments about “pattern predictions” and “explanations of the principle” are essentially arguments for the importance of this type of modeling in economics.
THE ENGLISH VOCABULARY SIZE/DEVELOPMENT OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIAN SCHOOLS: A STUDY OF STUDENTS IN ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE SITUATION

Vocabulary knowledge has been found to be crucial for academic achievement. In Nigeria, English is the second language for many students and also the language of instruction beginning from grade 3. The need to measure the vocabulary size and also encourage vocabulary instruction is not only necessary but paramount for student achievement in school. The purpose of the study was to find out if (a) there is a difference in word size (vocabulary development) based on gender? (b) there is a relationship between reading interest and word size? (c) there is difference between gender and the ability to generate abstract words? (d) there is difference between number of books at home and vocabulary size? (e) there is a significant difference between school type and word size? Five secondary schools in Jos metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria were selected for the study. Of the five schools, there were two Government Day secondary schools (non- boarding school), a Government Secondary school (boarding), a private day (non-boarding) and a private boarding school. Students completed “ The Vocabulary Development of Secondary School Students Questionnaire” developed for the study. Only students present during the day of the administration were allowed to complete the questionnaire. 270 usable questionnaires were completed and formed the basis for the analysis. It was found that female word size was significantly higher than those of the female subjects, that there were also able to generate more abstract words and that school type had a significant influence on word size for all subject. Based on these findings, t was recommended that teachers and schools do more in teaching vocabulary to all students and develop strategies to engage male students. Article visualizations:
The Euler equations of an inviscid incompressible fluid driven by a Lévy noise

Abstract Our aim in this article is to show the local existence of pathwise solutions of the Euler equations driven by a general Levy noise, in all space dimensions and for strictly positive time almost surely. The Euler equations are considered in a regular domain with slip boundary condition, or with periodic boundary conditions or in the whole space. In addition, we prove that when all data are C ∞ in space, so is the solution.
Nivolumab-Induced Autoimmune Encephalitis in Two Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved patient survival outcomes in a variety of advanced malignancies. However, they can cause a number of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) through lymphocyte dysregulation. Central nervous system (CNS) irAEs are rare, but as the number of indications for checkpoint inhibitors increases, there has been emergence of CNS immune-mediated disease among cancer patients. Given the relatively recent recognition of checkpoint inhibitor CNS irAEs, there is no standard treatment, and prognosis is variable. Therefore, there is a great need for further study of checkpoint inhibitor-induced CNS irAEs. Here, we present two unique cases of nivolumab-induced autoimmune encephalitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and review the available literature.
Light Therapy for Neonatal Jaundice

The use of light in the treatment of neonatal jaundice is no doubt the most common therapeutic use of light in medical practice today. It has been used on millions of infants worldwide since its serendipitous discovery more than 30 years ago.1,2 There has been little change over this period in how this phototherapy is administered and essentially no improvement in its efficacy. What has changed is our understanding how light affects bilirubin, the pigment which produces the yellowish discoloration of skin called jaundice.
Reoperation for Aortic Valve Disease

Reoperation for aortic valve dysfunction or aortic disease can represent a challenge. In this section, experts address how they approach different types of aortic reoperations, depending on the underlying pathology.
AXIAL CREEP-FATIGUE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT IN TYPE 316 MATERIAL

ABSTRACT Failure resulting from the interaction of creep-fatigue under a 30- minute hold-time and in low cycle fatigue (LCF) at 620 C (1150 F) was assessed in terms of mechanical and microstructural response. Damage was analyzed by applying two strain ranges whereby the effect of plastic strain and creep strain was characterized. A strain rate concept is introduced in this paper for predicting creep-fatigue cumulative damage. The micro-structural response to the interaction process was evaluated through fractographs.
Image-Guided Robotic Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Lung Tumors: The CyberKnife

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a new paradigm in radiation therapy, achieving high rates of local tumor control with low toxicity through very high dose intensity and conformity, and requiring highly precise and accurate delivery. The CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery system, originally designed for frameless intracranial radiosurgery using automated image-guidance, has unique characteristics suitable for lung tumor SABR, including dynamic tumor tracking capabilities. We review here the technical characteristics and clinical outcomes of lung tumor SABR using the CyberKnife system.
Mechanistic Insights into Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Potential for the Development of Novel Therapeutics

Effective pharmacological treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has remained elusive even as medical treatments in other fields have advanced. The complex pathways underlying neurodegeneration have made identifying potent targets difficult. Confounding this is the significant overlap in mechanisms responsible for the pathologies of various neurodegenerative disorders. In the following sections, recently elucidated mechanisms of representative neurodegenerative disorders are presented. These new insights provide an opportunity for the identification of new targets that may provide more effective treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
A pilot study to assess the impact of an educational patient hand hygiene intervention on acquisition of colonization with health care-associated pathogens.

Patient hand hygiene is a commonsense measure that has been associated with reductions in colonization or infection with bacterial and viral pathogens in quasi-experimental studies. We conducted a nonblinded pilot randomized trial to assess the impact of an educational patient hand hygiene intervention on acquisition of colonization by selected health care–associated pathogens in hospitalized patients. For patients with negative admission cultures, the intervention did not reduce the new acquisition of colonization by pathogens compared with that of standard care.
Sugar-sweetened beverage behaviors of Tennessee school children: How do parent- and child-report compare on school days and nonschool days?

INTRODUCTION This study describes sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) behaviors of children and compares child-reported SSB behaviors to parent-reported SSB behaviors during school days and nonschool days. METHOD Six elementary schools from Tennessee participated with 444 students and 287 parents. Descriptive statistics included means, standard deviation (SD), ranges of values, and measures of central tendency. To explore the relationship between parent and child report, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were analyzed. The mean ( SD) differences and limits of agreement were calculated using paired t tests with Bonferroni corrections for multiple outcomes of interest. A p < 0.05 was significant. RESULTS Reporting differed with SSB type of school day. Children reported higher quantities of sweet tea and "coke/soda." Both agreed on SSB abstention, except for juice. ICCs ranged from 0.383 to 0.513 ( p = 0.000). The lowest and highest ICCs were for sweet tea, based on school days or nonschool days. DISCUSSION To determine the best estimate of SSBs, information should be obtained from children and parents to improve accuracy and enhance education about health behaviors.
Trending gabapentin exposures in Kentucky after legislation requiring use of the state prescription drug monitoring program for all opioid prescriptions

AbstractObjective: Gabapentin is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for partial seizures and post-herpetic neuralgia. Due to its wide therapeutic window and minimal adverse effects, it is frequently prescribed for additional off-label uses. The purpose of this study was to characterize the number, exposure reason, medical outcomes, and disposition of gabapentin exposures reported to one regional poison control center (PCC).Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional review of exposures reported to one regional PCC was performed from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015. The primary outcomes were the number of gabapentin-only exposures and multi-agent exposures including gabapentin reported. Exposure reason, medical outcome, and disposition were identified for each exposure.Results: There were 424 gabapentin-only exposures during the study period. The number of exposures increased each year, from 39 in 2012 to 160 in 2015. There were 1321 multi-agent exp...
A 25.6μW 8.97ps Period Jitter Phase-Locked Relaxation Oscillator with sub-1µS Start-Up for Low-Power IoT

On-chip integrated oscillators are highly needed for the next-generation low-cost sensors used in IoT/biomedical applications to realize sub-millimeter-sized packages at ultra-low-power and fast startup. This paper presents a 25.6µW phase-locked relaxation oscillator (PLL-ROSC) with 8.972ps period jitter using an energy-efficient PLL. A self-locking mechanism is proposed that tracks the temperature variation from −20 to 100°C A current-reuse differential ROSC with boosted output swing is employed to improve noise performance and reduce the power consumption. The simulated power consumption is 15x better than state-of-art with −237.2dBc/Hz FoM and < 1µs startup time using 180nm CMOS technology.
Using a genetic algorithm with histogram-based feature selection in hyperspectral image classification

Optical sensing has the potential to be an important tool in the automated monitoring of food quality. Specifically, hyperspectral imaging has enjoyed success in a variety of tasks ranging from plant species classification to ripeness evaluation in produce. Although effective, hyperspectral imaging is prohibitively expensive to deploy at scale in a retail setting. With this in mind, we develop a method to assist in designing a low-cost multispectral imager for produce monitoring by using a genetic algorithm (GA) that simultaneously selects a subset of informative wavelengths and identifies effective filter bandwidths for such an imager. Instead of selecting the single fittest member of the final population as our solution, we fit a univariate Gaussian mixture model to the histogram of the overall GA population, selecting the wavelengths associated with the peaks of the distributions as our solution. By evaluating the entire population, rather than a single solution, we are also able to specify filter bandwidths by calculating the standard deviations of the Gaussian distributions and computing the full-width at half-maximum values. In our experiments, we find that this novel histogram-based method for feature selection is effective when compared to both the standard GA and partial least squares discriminant analysis.
Regulation of CFTR Biogenesis by the Proteostatic Network and Pharmacological Modulators

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal inherited disease among Caucasians in North America and a significant portion of Europe. The disease arises from one of many mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, or CFTR. The most common disease-associated allele, F508del, along with several other mutations affect the folding, transport, and stability of CFTR as it transits from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane, where it functions primarily as a chloride channel. Early data demonstrated that F508del CFTR is selected for ER associated degradation (ERAD), a pathway in which misfolded proteins are recognized by ER-associated molecular chaperones, ubiquitinated, and delivered to the proteasome for degradation. Later studies showed that F508del CFTR that is rescued from ERAD and folds can alternatively be selected for enhanced endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. A number of other disease-causing mutations in CFTR also undergo these events. Fortunately, pharmacological modulators of CFTR biogenesis can repair CFTR, permitting its folding, escape from ERAD, and function at the cell surface. In this article, we review the many cellular checkpoints that monitor CFTR biogenesis, discuss the emergence of effective treatments for CF, and highlight future areas of research on the proteostatic control of CFTR.
Effects of Phosphate, Silicate, and Bicarbonate on Arsenopyrite Dissolution and Secondary Mineral Precipitation

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) has been applied to meet quickly growing water demands. However, during MAR operations, the injected water can induce dissolution of local minerals and result in the ...
Cell Coverage of UAV Millimeter Wave Communication Network Subject to Wind

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network offers unprecedented flexibility in the future wireless communication systems. In this paper, a novel cell coverage model is proposed from the perspective of practical system implementations. At first, several UAV millimeter wave communication experiments are implemented. Then experiment results identify the inevitable impact of UAV cell coverage due to the wind-caused attitude perturbation. Furthermore, an equivalent coverage model is derived based on the experimental observation. Finally, the simulations reveal the relationship between the cell coverage and wind perturbation.
The Curious Story of Cerebral Salt Wasting: Fact or Fiction?

The extent to which hyponatremia is a result of natriuresis has remained controversial for many years. Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) was first proposed in 1950 to explain the natriuresis and hyponatremia that sometimes accompany intracranial disease. Following the first clinical description of the
The Role of the Therapist's Affect in the Detection of Empathic Failures, Misunderstandings and Injury

Therapists cannot be expected to always understand their patients or the process of their groups. Using evolving self psychology and theories of intersubjectivity, this manuscript explores the affective responses of therapists as a valuable indication that such misunderstanding is occurring. Clinical vignettes will illustrate three specific reasons for therapist misunderstanding: over-adherence to theory, boundary crossing, and inexperience. Additional examples will illustrate how countertransference can disrupt treatment when the group therapist conveys material or affects outside his or her awareness.
Untangling immunotactoid glomerulopathy in the MGRS era

Immunotactoid glomerulopathy (ITG) is a rare disease diagnosed by kidney biopsy showing characteristic microtubules, often in parallel arrays, in glomeruli on electron microscopy. Most cases are caused by lymphoproliferative disorders that produce monoclonal immunoglobulins that cause kidney damage, but these disorders do not meet criteria for overt malignancy. The published literature on ITG is limited. In this issue of Kidney International, 2 manuscripts provide significant insight into the clinical presentation, pathology, and treatment of ITG.
Does K-2SO Deserve a Medal?

If a robot “covered your six” in a firefight, would you show it gratitude? If the robot was the medic that patched you up after taking shrapnel to the leg, or was the RTO that called in an airstrike that saved your platoon, would you honor its performance? If it took shrapnel and went down, would you put yourself in greater danger to render aid to it? This essay introduces these questions and some of their moral implications. Though the subject of robot warriors is, obviously, far-out and the legality of “lethal autonomous weapons” is currently under fire, its object—morals and ethics under fire—is much closer to home. As we will see, asking about the former (even if only as a thought experiment) helps us to better reflect on the latter. This brief effort will pose questions without solutions—probably an uncomfortable number of them—and move about flittingly between references to popular science fiction literature and Eighteenth Century British philosophy. For whatever it may lack in conventional structure, I hope I make up for with dialectic argument. . . .
Congress Considering Legislation Aimed at Increasing Competition in Pharmaceuticals

The U.S. Congress is currently considering a large number of bills that would attempt to bring down drug prices by a variety or means, including some aimed at reform of certain patent-related aspects of the Hatch-Waxman Act and the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCIA). This Article begins with a brief overview some key provisions of Hatch-Waxman and the BPCIA that have been targeted by these legislative initiatives. It then turns to a discussion of some specific bills currently being considered by Congress that would seek to promote greater competition in the market for pharmaceuticals by amendments to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (FDCA) and Public Health Service Act (PHS Act), i.e., the two statutes that were amended by Hatch-Waxman and the BPCIA, as well as aspects of the Patent Act relating to Hatch-Waxman. Also included in the discussion are bills that would seek to prevent pharmaceutical companies from settling patent litigation brought under Hatch-Waxman and/or the BPCIA through so-called “reverse payment settlements.”