cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DYSPLASIA AND ADENOCARCINOMA

Patients with Barrett's esophagus are at an increased risk for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma that is 30 to 125 times that of the normal population and, when expressed as adenocarcinomas per 100,000 Barrett's esophagus patients per year, is of the magnitude of 500 per 100,000. This risk is comparable to the risk of lung cancer in patients of a similar age and higher than the risk of 160 per 100,000, which has been reported for squamous cancer in China, where mass endoscopic surveillance programs have been instituted. 40 Consequently, it is currently recommended that patients with Barrett's esophagus who are medically fit be enrolled in a surveillance program and undergo 1 to 2 yearly endoscopy examinations with multiple biopsies. An acceptable protocol for these purposes requires obtaining four biopsy specimens, one from each quadrant of the esophagus, every 2 cm along the visible length of the Barrett's mucosa, with additional biopsy specimens from any abnormal-appearing area. Patients in surveillance programs are directed for further therapy if they develop low-grade or high-grade dysplasia or invasive adenocarcinoma.
Statistical mechanics of CuO2 plane in the presence of localized holes.

Both ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and Y${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ are antiferromagnetic insulators, becoming less so as holes are introduced on individual oxygen bonds. We evaluate the free energy of a single Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ plane in the Ising representation. Beyond a critical concentration ${x}_{0}=0.29289$ holes per Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ cell, antiferromagnetism is replaced by a paramagnetic phase having short-range order only. The ground-state entropy is 0 at $x=0,0.0697$ per Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ cell at $x={x}_{0}$, and 0.6931 (i.e., ln2) at $x=1$.
Osmotic Pressure and Interparticle Interactions in Ionic Micellar Surfactant Solutions

Results are presented for the osmotic pressure of concentrated aqueous micellar surfactant solutions. Using a pressure-nulled membrane osmometer, we measure the osmotic pressure of solutions of the cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), in 0.01 M sodium chloride. Nanofiltration membranes serve as the semipermeable barrier and permit measurement of large osmotic pressures over volume fractions that span the micellar region ranging from just above the critical micelle concentration (cmc) up to volume fractions of 0.18. Large osmotic pressures, up to 323 and 250 kPa for SDS and CPC, respectively, are interpreted as evidence of strong intermicellar interactions. To quantify these large osmotic pressures, we develop a self-consistent activity-coefficient model that includes explicitly the surfactant monomer, micellar aggregates, and electrolyte molecules. Excluded-volume effects are taken into account using the Boublik−Mansoori equation of...
Random Model Discrepancy: Interpretations and Technicalities (A Rejoinder).

In this rejoinder we discuss the following aspects of our approach to model discrepancy: the interpretations of the two populations and adventitious error, the choice of inverse Wishart distribution, the perceived danger of justifying a model with bad fit, the relationship among our new approach, Chen’s (J R Stat Soc Ser B, 41:235–248, 1979) approach and the existing RMSEA-based approach, and the Pitman drift assumption.
Analysis of viability and cell types of macroalgal protoplasts using flow cytometry

The ability to rapidly distinguish viable sub-populations of cells within populations of macroalgal protoplast isolations was demonstrated using flow cytometry. Viable protoplasts from Ulva sp. and Porphyra perforata J. Ag. were distinguished from non-viable protoplasts based on differential fluorescein accumulation. The identities of cortical and epidermal protoplasts from Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag. were inferred based on light-scattering and chlorophyll a autofluorescence. Three cell types could be distinguished among protoplasts released from thalli of P. perforata based on chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin autofluorescence. Mixed protoplast populations of Ulva sp. and P. perforata were also discernable based on relative chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin autofluorescence. The ability to screen heterogenous protoplast populations rapidly, combined with the cell sorting capabilities of many flow cytometers, should prove valuable for seaweed biotechnology.
Consumer perspectives on the fairness and effectiveness of the use of leverages for mental health treatment

Policies to leverage adherence with community-based mental health treatment have become widespread; however, little research exists on the attitudes of persons with psychiatric disorders regarding such leverage. This study examines the appraisals of 1,011 persons with psychiatric disorders regarding the fairness and effectiveness of leverage. A majority of consumers perceives leverage to be both fair and effective; these perceptions are highly correlated. Multivariate models suggest that perceived coercion and insight into illness are associated with both outcomes while number of hospitalizations, years in treatment, and appointment reminders are associated with either outcome. However, consumers with a psychotic diagnosis and high barriers to care view leverage as unfair when controlling for effectiveness. Consumers who experience less coercion and have better insight believe that they benefit from formal and informal sanctions to adhere to treatment. However, perceived barriers to care impact the evalua...
Assistive walking device use and knee osteoarthritis: Results from the health, aging and body composition study (Health ABC Study)

Objectives To identify factors that predicted incident use of assistive walking devices (AWDs) and to explore whether AWD use was associated with changes in osteoarthritis of the knee.
Esophageal metastases and dysphagia in patients with carcinoma of the breast.

Ten patients with dysphagia due to metastatic carcinoma of the breast have been treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute over the period from January 1960 through December 1968. This number represents less than 0.5% of the total number of patients with metastatic breast disease seen during this period. All of these patients had disseminated metastases at the time dysphagia occurred. Because of this, systemic therapy is usually indicated. Six of seven patients who underwent adrenalectomy for dysphagia responded. In some instances chemotherapy has been efficacious.
Interpersonal violence, PTSD, and inflammation: Potential psychogenic pathways to higher C-reactive protein levels

Interpersonal violence (IPV) is major public health concern with wide-ranging sequelae including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and possible alterations of immune and inflammation processes. There is a need to identify the psycho-biological pathways through which IPV may translate to altered inflammatory processes since both PTSD and inflammation are associated with serious physical health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the relationships between IPV, psychological distress, and the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP), in a sample of 139 urban women who have a high likelihood for having experienced IPV. Participants were recruited from an outpatient gynecology clinic to complete self-report measures about their IPV histories and psychological symptoms, as well as to have their blood sampled using a finger stick. Results indicated that exposure to IPV predicted the presence of probable depression and PTSD diagnoses. Individuals who experience clinical levels of PTSD exhibited higher CRP levels, and this relationship held after adjusting for comorbid depression. Correlational analyses suggested that reexperiencing symptoms may explain the link between PTSD diagnosis and higher levels of CRP. Follow-up path analytic models provided good fit to the overall data, and indicated that the relationship between probable PTSD status and CRP is not explained by higher BMI. Overall, these findings call for increased attention to the role of PTSD in explaining links between trauma and diminished health.
XQGen: an algebra-based XPath query generator for micro-benchmarking

We propose XQGen, a stand-alone, algebra-based XPath generator to aid engineers in testing and improving the design of XML query engines. XQGen takes an XML schema sketch and user configurations, such as number of queries, query types, duplication factors, and branching factors as input, and generates a set of queries that comform to the schema and configurations. In addition, given a set of label-paths as workload input, XQGen is capable of generating query sets that honor the workload.
High Stress Professions: Satisfaction, Stress, and Well-Being of Spouses of Professionals

Traditional stress literature contains limited information about the impact of job stress on one's family. This study examines the relationship between stress, satisfaction, and physical and psychological well-being in a group of people married to an individual in a high-stress occupation. Stress and satisfaction were operationally defined to assess the impact of the high-stress occupation on one's spouse. Results supported the hypothesized negative relationship between the multiple sources of stress and satisfaction with the source. Source specific stress was also related to psychological and physical indications of stress. The hypothesis, that Type A personality and the use of social support coping mechanisms would moderate the stress-outcome relationships, was not supported. These results suggest that professional requirements or demands can serve as sources of stress and negative affect for one's spouse.
Expression of EBNA-1 mRNA Is Regulated by Cell Cycle during Epstein-Barr Virus Type I Latency

Expression of EBNA-1 protein is required for the establishment and maintenance of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome during latent infection. During type I latency, the BamHI Q promoter (Qp) gives rise to EBNA-1 expression. The dominant regulatory mechanism for Qp appears to be mediated through the Q locus, located immediately downstream of the transcription start site. Binding of EBNA-1 to the Q locus represses Qp constitutive activity, and repression has been reported to be overcome by an E2F family member that binds to the Q locus and displaces EBNA-1 (N. S. Sung, J. Wilson, M. Davenport, N. D. Sista, and J. S. Pagano, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:7144-7152, 1994). These data suggest that the final outcome of Qp activity is reciprocally controlled by EBNA-1 and E2F. Since E2F activity is cell cycle regulated, Qp activity and EBNA-1 expression are predicted to be regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Proliferation of the type I latently infected cell line, Akata, was synchronized with the use of the G2/M blocking agent nocodazole. From 65 to 75% of cells could be made to peak in S phase without evidence of viral reactivation. Following release from G2/M block, EBNA-1 mRNA levels declined as the synchronized cells entered the G1 phase of the cell cycle. As cells proceeded into S phase, EBNA-1 mRNA levels increased parallel to the peak in cell numbers in S phase. However, EBNA-1 protein levels showed no detectable change during the cell cycle, most likely due to the protein's long half-life as estimated by inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide. Finally, in Qp luciferase reporter assays, the activity of Qp was shown to be regulated by cell cycle and to be dependent on the E2F sites within the Q locus. These findings demonstrate that transcriptional activity of Qp is cell cycle regulated and indicated that E2F serves as the stimulus for this regulation.
Women under the gaze: a Renaissance genealogy

In a preliminary excursus, Michael Baxandall’s concept of the ‘period eye’ is subject to both a positive and a critical assessment as a means of moving beyond the problematics of traditional iconography. Suggesting that the oversight of gender and sexual difference in the ways in which the concept has been put to work is structural rather than incidental, the article considers a series of stages in the representation of the female in Renaissance and post-Renaissance European art as overdetermined by fundamental processes of the theological exegesis of the scriptural figure of woman. The ‘period eye’ is thus subjected to a critical assessment over a relatively long term of art historical methodologies.
DIQUARK CLUSTERS IN THE QUARK-GLUON PLASMA

We explore the possibility that pairs of quarks will form diquark clusters in the density regime above the deconfinement transition for hadronic matter at finite density. We use a simple model and find that the spin interactions of quarks provide a significant lowering of the energy for diquark combinations. A modified P-matrix method is used in order to calculate the density dependence of this effect. It is found that, within the model, a diquark configuration has a lower energy than a quark gas for a significant range of densities above deconfinement, although at very high densities a free quark phase is preferred.
Covering a Triangle with Positive and Negative Homothetic Copies

Let $\Delta_0$ be a triangle and let ${\cal H}=\{ {\Delta}_1, \dots ,{\Delta}_n\}$ be a set of homothetic copies of ${\Delta}_0, {\Delta}_i=x_i{\Delta}_i, x_1\geq x_2\geq \cdots \geq x_n\geq 0$. We prove that $\sum x_i^2\geq 1+x_2$ implies that there are positive and negative signs ${\varepsilon}_1, \dots, {\varepsilon}_n=\pm 1$ and there exist translates of ${\varepsilon}_1{\Delta}_1, \dots ,{\varepsilon}_n{\Delta}_n$ that cover ${\Delta}_0$.
Declarations of Independence: Arendt and Derrida on the Problem of Founding a Republic

Beginning with Hannah Arendt's depiction of the American Revolution and founding, the A. critically examines Arendt's reading of the Declaration of Independence, comparing it with Jacques Derrida's reading of (a draft of) the same document, in order to show that Arendt is careless in her easy dismissal of the declaration's essentialist moments. Derrida, it seems, has a better, more subtle appreciation of the both necessary and impossible role of essentialism in modern political theory and practice. He concludes, however, that Arendt nonetheless succeeds in theorizing a powerful and suggestive practice of political authority for modernity, a practice that is uniquely activist and appropriate for a democratic politics
Aqueous-phase synthesis of monodisperse plasmonic gold nanocrystals using shortened single-walled carbon nanotubes

Monodisperse gold nanocrystals with unique near-infrared optical properties were synthesized by simple mixing of highly shortened and well disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes and chloroauric acid in water at ambient conditions with a step-wise increase of gold ion concentration.
Quantile Regression for Analyzing Heterogeneity in Ultra-High Dimension

Ultra-high dimensional data often display heterogeneity due to either heteroscedastic variance or other forms of non-location-scale covariate effects. To accommodate heterogeneity, we advocate a more general interpretation of sparsity, which assumes that only a small number of covariates influence the conditional distribution of the response variable, given all candidate covariates; however, the sets of relevant covariates may differ when we consider different segments of the conditional distribution. In this framework, we investigate the methodology and theory of nonconvex, penalized quantile regression in ultra-high dimension. The proposed approach has two distinctive features: (1) It enables us to explore the entire conditional distribution of the response variable, given the ultra-high-dimensional covariates, and provides a more realistic picture of the sparsity pattern; (2) it requires substantially weaker conditions compared with alternative methods in the literature; thus, it greatly alleviates the...
Unusual presentation of cactus spines in the flank of an elderly man: a case report

Splinters and spines of plant matter are common foreign bodies in skin wounds of the extremities, and often present embedded in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. Vegetative foreign bodies are highly inflammatory and, if not completely removed, can cause infection, toxic reactions, or granuloma formation. Older patients are at increased risk for infection from untreated plant foreign bodies. The most common error in plant splinter and spine management is failure to detect their presence. Here we report a case of cactus spines in an 84-year-old Caucasian man presenting on the right flank as multiple, red papules with spiny extensions. This presentation was unusual both in location and the spinous character of the lesions, and only after punch biopsy analysis was a diagnosis of cactus matter spines made. Our patient presented with an unusual case of cactus spines that required histopathology for identification. Skin lesions with neglected foreign bodies are a common cause of malpractice claims. If not removed, foreign bodies of the skin, particularly in elderly individuals, can result in inflammatory and infectious sequela. This report underscores the importance of thoroughly evaluating penetrating skin lesions for the presence of foreign bodies, such as splinters and spines.
Cellular origins of auditory event-related potential deficits in Rett syndrome

Dysfunction in sensory information processing is a hallmark of many neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and Rett syndrome (RTT). Using mouse models of RTT, a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in MECP2, we found that the large-scale loss of MeCP2 from forebrain GABAergic interneurons led to deficits in auditory event-related potentials and seizure manifestation, whereas the restoration of MeCP2 in specific classes of interneurons ameliorated these deficits.
Strategic Trade Policies, Differentiated Duopoly and Intra-Industry Trade

This paper examines the economic effects of various trade policies in a Brander-Krugman style model of intra-industry trade. The policies considered include tariffs, production subsidies, consumption taxes, countervailing duties, and anti-dumpting duties. In the analysis, the role of product differentiation and the relative competitive advantages of the firms are highlighted. Various trade policy formulas are also computed. Furthermore, it is shown that in such a model, free trade is not necessarily better than no trade. More product differentiation and lower transport costs will make free trade more desirable. [411]
A dominant truncation allele identifies a gene, STE20, that encodes a putative protein kinase necessary for mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract This work reports the identification, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of STE20, a newly discovered gene involved in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating response pathway, to date one of the best understood signal transduction pathways. STE20 encodes a putative serine/threonine-specific protein kinase with a predicted molecular mass of 102 kDa. Its expression pattern is similar to that of several other protein kinases in the mating response pathway. Deletion of the kinase domain of STE20 causes sterility in both haploid mating types. This sterility can be partially suppressed by high-level production of STE12 but is not suppressible by high levels of STE4 or a dominant STE11 truncation allele. A truncation allele of STE20 was isolated that can activate the mating response pathway in the absence of exogenous mating pheromone. This allele causes dominant growth arrest that cannot be suppressed by deletions of STE4, STE5, STE7, STE11, or STE12. The allele is able to suppress the mating defect of a strain in which the STE20 kinase domain has been deleted, but not the mating defects of strains carrying mutations in STE4, STE5, STE7, STE11, or STE12.
Abasic sites in the transcribed strand of yeast DNA are removed by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair

Abasic (AP) sites are potent blocks to DNA and RNA polymerases, and their repair is essential for maintaining genome integrity. Although AP sites are efficiently dealt with through the base excision repair (BER) pathway, genetic studies suggest that repair also can occur via nucleotide excision repair (NER). The involvement of NER in AP-site removal has been puzzling, however, as this pathway is thought to target only bulky lesions. Here, we examine the repair of AP sites generated when uracil is removed from a highly transcribed gene in yeast. Because uracil is incorporated instead of thymine under these conditions, the position of the resulting AP site is known. Results demonstrate that only AP sites on the transcribed strand are efficient substrates for NER, suggesting the recruitment of the NER machinery by an AP-blocked RNA polymerase. Such transcription-coupled NER of AP sites may explain previously suggested links between the BER pathway and transcription.
A quality improvement project to decrease the length of stay on a psychiatric adolescent partial hospital program.

Problem Clinicians are challenged to treat adolescents with life-threatening behaviors while accessing fewer mental health resources with increased utilization management pressures. Methods Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training groups were implemented as a quality improvement project to decrease the length of stay on an adolescent psychiatric partial hospital program by reducing potential life-threatening behaviors. Findings The average length of stay decreased nearly 5 days during the project. Potential life-threatening urges seemed to increase from pretreatment findings while life-threatening actions appeared to decrease. Conclusions While the findings were inconclusive regarding the actual effect on life-threatening urges and behaviors, dialectical behavior therapy skills training groups may have positive outcomes on an adolescent psychiatric partial hospital program.
BUSHY-TAILED WOODRAT ABUNDANCE IN DRY FORESTS OF EASTERN WASHINGTON

We studied bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea occidentalis) in the eastern Washington Cascade Range to estimate their density and survival in 3 typical dry forest cover types. We predicted woodrat density to be high, moderate, and low in mature mixed-conifer forests, young mixed-conifer forests, and open ponderosa pine forests, respectively. We livetrapped on 8 � 8 grids (280 m) over an 8-day period each autumn for 4 years to obtain Huggins mark–recapture estimates of woodrat density. We captured woodrats 617 times and marked 193 individual woodrats in 12 sample stands during 42,165 trap nights. The sex ratio of captures was 62% female and 38% male. Adults made up 79% of captures. Woodrat density averaged 0.49 animals/ha among all cover types and years; woodrat density did not differ among types. Regardless of cover type, stands fell into 4 woodratdensity groups, with densities ranging from 0.13 to 0.93 woodrats/ha. Classification tree analysis revealed that woodrat-density groups could be predicted well (proportional reduction in error ¼ 0.73 to 0.89) by the type and amount of cover provided by large snags, mistletoe brooms, and soft downed logs. Over the 4-year period, woodrat density ranged from 0.28 animals/ha to 0.87 animals/ha, increasing each year at a rate of k ¼ 1.8 consistently among cover types. A moderate (r ¼ 0.55) density-dependent response in per capita rate of increase was detected. The apparent annual survival rate was a low 0.14. Management to reduce woody fuels and to restore low-intensity high-frequency fire regimes in ponderosa pine and dry Douglas-fir forest likely will reduce bushy-tailed woodrat populations unless prescriptions can mitigate the loss of snag, mistletoe, and downed log cover.
Middle Level Teachers' Perceptions of Interim Reading Assessments: An Exploratory Study of Data-Based Decision Making.

AbstractThis study explored the data-based decision making of 12 teachers in grades 6–8 who were asked about their perceptions and use of three required interim measures of reading performance: oral reading fluency (ORF), retell, and a benchmark comprised of released state test items. Focus group participants reported they did not believe the benchmark or ORF tests accurately reflected students’ comprehension abilities. Teachers held more favorable opinions of retell but admitted improvising their use of the measure rather than following mandated implementation procedures. Participants reported that only summative state assessment scores were used to plan appropriate instruction and only for large groups. Results suggest the need for improved support for data-based decision making and the development of technically adequate interim measures with relevance to the teachers expected to use them.
Unproven Links Can Poverty Explain Ethnic Disproportionality in Special Education

The high degree of overlap of race and poverty in our society has led to the presumption in both research and practice that ethnic disproportionality in special education is in large measure an artifact of the effects of poverty. This article explores relationships among race, poverty, and special education identification to arrive at a more precise estimate of the contribution of poverty to racial disparities. District-level data for all 295 school corporations in a midwestern state were analyzed for this study. Records included information on disability category, general and special education enrollment by race, socioeconomic level, local resources, and academic and social outcomes for 1 school year. Simple correlations among the variables demonstrate that correlations between race and poverty of even moderate strength do not guarantee that the 2 variables will function in the same way with respect to outcome variables, such as identification for special education services. Results of regression analyse...
Novel zero-current switching current-fed half-bridge isolated Dc/Dc converter for fuel cell based applications

This paper presents a novel zero-current switching (ZCS) current-fed half-bridge isolated dc/dc converter. It is a potential topology for front-end dc/dc power conversion for fuel cell inverters. This proposed converter is unique, not reported in literature and provides a simple solution to switch turn-off problem with ZCS without increase in components count. This will lead to reduced size, lower cost and higher efficiency. Analysis, design and simulation results of the proposed converter are reported in this paper. A comparison with existing active-clamped ZVS current-fed half-bridge converter has been illustrated.
To hardware prefetch or not to prefetch?: a virtualized environment study and core binding approach

Most hardware and software venders suggest disabling hardware prefetching in virtualized environments. They claim that prefetching is detrimental to application performance due to inaccurate prediction caused by workload diversity and VM interference on shared cache. However, no comprehensive or quantitative measurements to support this belief have been performed.This paper is the first to systematically measure the influence of hardware prefetching in virtualized environments. We examine a wide variety of benchmarks on three types of chip-multiprocessors (CMPs) to analyze the hardware prefetching performance. We conduct extensive experiments by taking into account a number of important virtualization factors. We find that hardware prefetching has minimal destructive influence under most configurations. Only with certain application combinations does prefetching influence the overall performance.To leverage these findings and make hardware prefetching effective across a diversity of virtualized environments, we propose a dynamic prefetching-aware VCPU-core binding approach (PAVCB), which includes two phases - classifying and binding. The workload of each VM is classified into different cache sharing constraint categories based upon its cache access characteristics, considering both prefetch requests and demand requests. Then following heuristic rules, the VCPUs of each VM are scheduled onto appropriate cores subject to cache sharing constraints. We show that the proposed approach can improve performance by 12% on average over the default scheduler and 46% over manual system administrator bindings across different workload combinations in the presence of hardware prefetching.
A robust metric for coarse frame and carrier synchronization of OFDM systems

The paper proposes a fast and reduced complexity frame and carrier acquisition scheme for OFDM systems which assume either a continuous or a burst mode operation in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency-selective channels. By exploiting the repetitive structure of a training symbol, a robust frame synchronizer is obtained and shown to resume to finding the peak of a certain correlation metric that is obtained by invoking maximum likelihood principles. A new carrier estimator that can correct frequency offsets by up to two subcarrier spacings is also proposed and achieves the lowest mean-square error among the existing estimators that exploit a similarly structured signaling set-up. The efficiency of the proposed synchronization algorithms is illustrated by both theoretical performance analysis and computer simulations.
EAD testing and implementation at the Library of congress

This case study chronicles the Library of Congress's participation as an early implementer of Encoded Archival Description (EAD). The activities described include testing the alpha version of the EAD DTD, tagging approaches used in two test finding aids in the Manuscript and the Prints and Photographs divisions, a pilot project in the Manuscript Division which encoded ten finding aids, exploration of how EAD accommodates finding aids in various formats, and the work of the library's EAD Task Force in resolving organizational and technical issues. The authors' conclusions are based on their two-year involvement with EAD at the Library of Congress.
Divergent single-column fractures of the distal part of the humerus

We report an unusual intra-articular fracture of the distal part of the humerus that was seen in five patients, including one who had the fracture bilaterally. The fractures were characterized by three features. First, the fractures were initiated in the trochlear groove as a result of a direct impact on the olecranon, which divided the trochlea and then split the two columns of the humerus divergently. Second, the fractures occurred exclusively in adolescents and young adults (average age, fifteen years old; range, thirteen to twenty years old). Third, all of the fractures were seen in patients who had a large fossa or septal aperture between the coronoid and olecranon fossae. Four of the fractures involved the right side and two, the left. There were three fractures of the lateral column and three of the medial column. Because the periosteum, the capsule, and the ligaments remained intact despite intra-articular displacement of the distal part of the humerus, these fractures were also characterized by inherent proximal stability. The fractures were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation to reduce the displacement between the two halves of the trochlea. All of the fractures united. Four patients (five elbows) regained full motion by eight months; one patient was lost to follow-up. Current classification systems that describe single-column fractures of the distal part of the humerus should be modified to include this unusual fracture pattern.
Abstract 107: Home Electronic Blood Pressure Cuff Improved Compliance with Disease-Specific as well as General Blood Pressure Goals in an Underserved High-Risk Ambulatory Population

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of home electronic blood pressure cuffs to improve compliance with both disease-specific and the general Practice Performance Measures (PCPI) blood pressure goals in the high risk underserved population in a safety-net urban medical center. Background: Achieving recommended blood pressure goals in an underserved patient population with a high cardiac disease burden is challenging. Intensive, clinician-led health maintenance programs have shown promise but are difficult to implement on a wide scale. The decreasing cost of electronic blood pressure cuffs offers an opportunity to provide patient-focused treatment. Methods: Twenty-two consecutive patients who were not at either their disease-specific or PCPI goal of Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the systolic blood pressures after the medical treatment period compared to the cross-over arm 143.3mmHg (CI 135.3-151 p-value=0.1) vs.134.6mmHg and diastolic pressure 81.09mmHg (CI 75.4-86,75 p-value=0.05) vs. 72.24mmHg. Overall compliance with the PCPI recommendation was higher in the cross-over arm (45% vs. 55%) as well as with the disease specific recommendations (18% vs. 25%). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant improvement in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the underserved ambulatory patient with a home blood pressure cuff. There was also an improvement in compliance both with the PCPI and disease-specific goals guidelines.
Does intracarotid PGE2 increase plasma ACTH concentration in conscious adult ewes

The hypothesis that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a circulating mediator of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in sheep was tested in conscious adult ewes using 30-min carotid artery infusions of 0, 5, 10, 100, and 500 ng.kg-1. min-1 PGE2 in saline. ACTH, cortisol, and aldosterone were significantly increased during the 500 ng.kg-1.min-1 infusion (166 +/- 61 to 233 +/- 38 pg/ml, 27 +/- 5 to 45 +/- 2 ng/ml, and 52 +/- 11 to 85 +/- 25 pg/ml, respectively). PGE2 infusions of 100 ng.kg-1.min-1 increased ACTH from 104 +/- 31 to 168 +/- 31 pg/ml and cortisol from 18 +/- 5 to 42 +/- 2 ng/ml. PGE2 infusions did not increase arginine vasopressin, plasma renin activity, or hematocrit. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were minimally but significantly increased during the 500 ng.kg-1.min-1 infusion, from 84.9 +/- 2.8 to 99.3 +/- 5.4 beats/min and 95.5 +/- 1.8 to 101.0 +/- 3.4 mmHg, respectively. In a second study to test whether lower infusion rates of PGE2 increase plasma ACTH in sheep with lower resting hormone concentrations, sheep were infused and sampled through a tether system, preventing any disturbances due to human contact the day of an experiment. For all infusion rates ACTH baselines were less than or equal to 55 +/- 17 pg/ml, and cortisol baselines were less than or equal to 6 +/- 3 ng/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On Multigrid Methods for Generalized Finite Element Methods

This paper reports investigations on how multigrid methods can be applied for the solution of some generalized finite element methods based on the partition of unity technique. One feature of the generalized finite element method is that the underlying algebraic system is often singular due to the overlapping from the partition of unity. While standard iterative methods such as the conjugate gradient method, Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel methods, multigrid methods and domain decomposition methods are still convergent for this type of singular systems, we observe that a standard multigrid method does not converge uniformly with respect to mesh parameters. Using a simple model problem, we will carefully investigate why these method do not work. We will then propose a multigrid method that does converge uniformly as in the standard finite element method.
If memory serves: gay men, AIDS, and the promise of the queer past

Christopher Castiglia and Christopher Reed, Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press, 2012, 259 pp, $75.00 (hardback), ISBN 0-8166-7610-0, $25.00 (paperback), 0-8166-7611-8 In If Memory Serve...
A Generalization of the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals

(1995). A Generalization of the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 223-224.
Impaired drug metabolism in rats associated with acute inflammation: a possible assay for anti-injury agents.

Summary1. Many acute irritants, e.g., turpentine, mimicked Freund's adjuvant (FA) in causing rapid depression of hexobarbital and cyclophosphamide metabolism in rats in vivo.2. Metabolism of cyclophosphamide and aminopyrine in vitro by liver homogenates was often subnormal if liver donor animals had been acutely inflamed (rear paw, tail) 48 hr previously.3. Three classes of irritants/inflammagenic stimuli were distinguished by their effects on liver drug metabolism.4. Carrageenan as routinely used for anti-inflammatory screening had a peculiar, selective effect on drug metabolism.5. Drug metabolism was distinctly subnormal in animals inoculated with FA (rear paw, tail) at all stages prior to developing arthritis.6. Drug metabolism was almost normal in prearthritic animals when FA was inoculated ip in a front paw or ear. Ear inoculations induced arthritis consistently in Lewis and Wistar rats.7. Several drugs which prevented development of arthritis failed to normalize drug metabolism in the 4-day period a...
Empires — Metaphysical and Moral

Thus far, the discussion of the concepts of empire and emperor has dealt with political units and political actors who occupied real political space. The concept of empire involved actual governments and officials or, at the very least, as in papal political theory, individuals who carried out real governmental functions under papal supervision. Empire and emperor could have other meanings, however, meanings that were metaphysical or mystical or moral, not identifying real people and institutions but providing an explanation of God’s providential plan for mankind or judging a form of government that morally corrupted those who practiced it.
A test of Darwin's 'lop-eared' rabbit hypothesis.

Integration of evolutionary and developmental biology has stimulated novel insights on the origins and maintenance of phenotypic variation. For instance, phenotypic accommodation predicts that trait covariance originates via a novel developmental input caused by genetic change in one trait, but not the other. Darwin provided a striking example of this process in the ‘lop-eared’ rabbit by demonstrating that artificial selection for long external ears induced variation in the external auditory meatus. Although this intriguing pattern has been interpreted as evidence of phenotypic accommodation, it is unclear whether it exists and, if it does, whether it is selectively maintained in nature. To address this concern, we examined trait covariance in natural woodrat populations that have likely undergone selection for long ears. We demonstrated a remarkably similar covariance pattern as in the ‘lop-eared’ rabbit, which was associated with climatic variables along a steep arid-to-moist longitudinal gradient. Thus, our results suggest that trait covariance is likely a correlated response to selection. We relate these findings to potential origins of trait covariance owing to altered developmental interactions, such as in phenotypic accommodation. Additional evidence is needed to clarify how phenotypic accommodation and correlated selection promote and maintain trait covariance in natural populations. Nonetheless, our study is the first to support a classic Darwinian example concerning domestication and natural selection.
Selective staining of gastric biopsies for H. pylori does not affect detection rates or turnaround time and improves cost compared to reflexive staining

Abstract Aims To evaluate how reflexive versus selective H. pylori stains affect detection rates, turnaround time (TAT), and cost savings in a real life practice environment following an institutional policy change. Methods The aforementioned parameters were evaluated in all cases in the year preceding and the year following an institutional policy change from reflexive to selective staining. Results 1497 patients comprised the reflexive stain (RS) group of which 228 (15.2%) were H. pylori positive. 1629 patients comprised the selective stain (SS) group of which 237 (14.5%) were H. pylori positive. There was no significant difference in H. pylori detection rates between the RS and SS groups (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.78–1.15, p = 0.59). TATs were similarly equivalent with a mean of 52.4 h for the RS cohort and 53.7 h for the SS cohort (p = 0.344), both of which included a resident preview day. We calculated an average laboratory cost savings of $11.68 per case, which saved our department over $15,000 (37%) in the year following the policy change. Conclusions Our results support a policy of selective staining for H. pylori as opposed to reflexive staining and go on to show that laboratories that change their policy can expect to generate cost savings without compromising detection rates or TAT.
Alternative strategies for dispensing exogenous surfactant: Drug cost implications and in vitro feasibility studies

Surfactant replacement therapy is highly effective in treating Respiratory Distress Syndrome, but remains expensive despite market competition. Objectives: (1) to model potential surfactant drug cost savings under alternative dispensing strategies compared with the current, FDA-approved, single-patient, single-dose vial dispensing strategy; and (2) to determine whether alternative dispensing strategies potentially would maintain efficacy and safety by measuring surfactant surface activity and sterility under conditions designed to simulate alternative dispensing conditions. Design: Potential drug cost savings were modeled by comparing the current, FDA-approved single-patient, single-dose vial dispensing guidelines with alternative dispensing strategies including single patient, multidose vials; multipatient, multidose vials; and reduced volume surfactant vials (ie, "half-sized") to decrease drug wastage. To assess whether surface activity or sterility of exogenous surfactant could be reduced under these alternative dispensing conditions, serial surface tension measurements and bacterial and fungal cultures were conducted with aliquots of exogenous surfactant under conditions designed to simulate each strategy. Results: Potential savings of $49,000 to $61,000/year (28.5%), depending on drug usage and cost, were identified in a model comparing a single-patient, multidose vial dispensing protocol with the current FDA-approved dispensing strategy. The greatest cost savings, $57,000 to $72,000/year (33.3%), were for multipatient, multidose drug dispensing. Simulating alternative dispensing conditions, three cycles of warming, entering, and cooling surfactant vials over 1 to 2 days or 1 to 2 weeks did not cause a measurable decrement in in vitro surface activity or compromise in drug sterility. Conclusion: Substantial cost savings could be realized through use of multidose surfactant dispensing strategies.
Explaining Racial/Ethnic Dietary Patterns in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes: An Analysis of NHANES 2007-2012.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to examine sociodemographic and health be­havior factors associated with dietary intake as measured by the healthy eating index (HEI-2010) for persons with and without diabetes (T2D). Design: A secondary data analysis of three NHANES data cycles spanning 2007-2012. Multiple linear regression assessed racial/ ethnic differences in HEI-2010 scores in those without T2D, with T2D, and with undiagnosed T2D. Participants: The sample included non-pregnant adults aged ≥20 years who had two days of reliable dietary recall data. Outcome Measures: Total scores for the HEI-2010. Results: For those without T2D, there was a significant association between race/ ethnicity and HEI score, with non-Hispanic Blacks achieving significantly lower scores than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Differences in HEI-2010 score were also associated with age, sex, smoking status and time spent in the United States. Racial/ ethnic differences in dietary patterns were present, but not significant in those with undiagnosed or diagnosed T2D. Conclusions: Racial/ethnic disparities in dietary patterns are present in individuals without T2D, but differences are not statisti­cally significant in those with undiagnosed or diagnosed T2D. Non-Hispanic Blacks without T2D received significantly lower HEI-2010 scores than non-Hispanic Whites. Further research is necessary to deter­mine whether or not similarities in dietary intake across racial/ethnic groups with T2D will be reflected in diabetes-related health outcomes in this population. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(4):529-536; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.4.529
Eisenstein cocycles over imaginary quadratic fields and special values of L-functions

Abstract We generalize Sczech's Eisenstein cocycle for G L ( n ) over totally real extensions of Q to finite extensions of imaginary quadratic fields. By evaluating the cocycle on certain cycles, we parametrize complex values of Hecke L-functions previously considered by Colmez, giving a cohomological interpretation of his algebraicity result on special values of the L-functions.
Radical Reactions for Use in Organic Synthesis

The notion that intramolecular free radical carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions might be of use in the synthesis of natural products of modest complexity was introduced by the Julia group in the 1960’s.1 The 1980’s have born witness to a rebirth of this idea and free radical cyclizations are now being used regularly in synthesis design.2,3 Our research in this area has focused on the development α-acylamino radical cyclizations for use in alkaloid synthesis4 and β-acyloxy radical cyclizations for use in terpenoid synthesis.5 The first portion of this lecture will describe the development of such reactions for use in total or partial syntheses of heliotridine (1→2), gelsemine (3→4) and pleurotin (5→6).2 In each case, the radical cyclization accomplishes a carbon-carbon bond construction that would be problematic using classical polar bond-forming reactions.
Modeling Link-Level Crash Frequency Using Integrated Geospatial Land Use Data and On-Network Characteristics

AbstractThe primary focus of this paper is to develop models to estimate link-level crash frequency using land use data extracted and integrated through the use of a distance gradient method. The o...
Non-ignorable Missing Data Problems

Biased sampling and non-ignorable missing data are the most difficult missing data problems. In contrast to missing at random, where the missing probability and underlying response model can be separately factored out in the likelihood function, in a non-ignorable missing data problem, they cannot be separated and must be handled simultaneously. Furthermore the underlying model may not be identifiable even in the full parametric setup. First we discuss the full parametric model case.
Curating controversy in the Trump era

Successful exhibitions engage the public and encourage debate. In the era of Trump, this means curating shows that court controversy and examine issues such as xenophobia, immigration, and ...
Intestinal Parasite Infections among Inhabitants in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China

To investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China, epidemiological surveys were conducted on a collaboration basis between the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Yanbian Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 8,396 (males 3,737 and females 4,659) stool samples were collected from 8 localities and examined with the formalin-ether sedimentation technique, and additionally examined with the cellotape anal swab to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs. The overall rate of intestinal parasites was 1.57%. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was the highest (0.80%), followed by Entamoeba spp. (0.23%), heterophyid flukes (0.15%), Clonorchis sinensis (0.08%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.07%), hookworms (0.06%), Trichostrongylus spp. (0.06%), Giardia lamblia (0.04%), Paragonimus spp. (0.02%), Diphyllobothrium spp. (0.02%), Trichuris trichiura (0.02%). The prevalence by sex was similar, 1.58% (n=59) in males and 1.57% (n=73) in females. By the present study, it is partly revealed that the prevalences of intestinal parasite infections are relatively low among the inhabitants of Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China.