cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coping with Burnout

During the past decade the topic of burnout has become increasingly popular among the helping professions as a way of describing and understanding work-related stresses (Edelwich and Brodsky, 1980; Freudenberger, 1974; Greenberg and Valletutti, 1980; Patrick, 1981; Pines, Aronson and Kafry, 1981; Welch, Medeiros, and Tate, 1982). Viewed as the end result of chronic stress, this phenomenon has generated the development of a literature that touches upon and attempts to integrate a range of psychological perspectives from Albert Ellis (Ellis and Harper, 1961) to transcendental meditation (Jaffe, 1980) to sports psychology (Nideffer, 1981). Although burnout has been observed in business executives, police officers, and lawyers (Welch et al., 1982), its widest application has been to the helping professions such as nursing, teaching, and counseling (Patrick, 1981; Pines et al., 1981; Welch et al., 1982), in which the common denominator is the impact of providing constant care and meeting the multiple needs of clienteles, often without essential agency support.
Tunable catalytic properties of bi-functional mixed oxides in ethanol conversion to high value compounds

Abstract A highly versatile ethanol conversion process to selectively generate high value compounds is presented here. By changing the reaction temperature, ethanol can be selectively converted to >C2 alcohols/oxygenates or phenolic compounds over hydrotalcite derived bi-functional MgO–Al2O3 catalyst via complex cascade mechanism. Reaction temperature plays a role in whether aldol condensation or the acetone formation is the path taken in changing the product composition. This article contains the catalytic activity comparison between the mono-functional and physical mixture counterpart to the hydrotalcite derived mixed oxides and the detailed discussion on the reaction mechanisms.
Use of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers In Cardiovascular Protection: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Objective To differentiate angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) by vascular effects and outcomes in trials on cardio-protective endpoints.
II. URINARY EXCRETION OF ESTRONE, ESTRADIOL, AND ESTRIOL BY PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER AND BENIGN BREAST DISEASE.

The levels of estrogen fractions excreted by patients with breast cancer or benign breast disease are discussed. Urinary estrogen metabolites are an indirect measure of steroids circulating in the vascular system and contained in the hormonal environment. 113 women 55 premenopausal and 58 postmenopausal were studied. Urine specimens from premenopausal women were collected at about Day 10 or Day 20 of the menstrual cycles but no significant difference was found between levels excreted during follicular or luteal phases. Urinary estrone estradiol and estriol fractions were separated chemically and quantified by bioassay. Postmenopausal patients with breast cancer were found to excrete significantly higher levels of estriol and total estrogen than others. In premenopausal women with breast cancer or with benign breast disease the estriol fraction represented a significantly higher proportion of the total estrogen than in control groups.
The Effect of the Compressive Stress-Strain Excursion on the Elastic-Plastic Small Crack Growth in Alloy 718 at 650°C

The effects of various cyclic global stress-strain parameters on the elastic-plastic small crack growth in Alloy 718 at 650°C are examined. Strain controlled experiments were preformed while monitoring the crack growth, near field crack opening displacement, and cyclic stress-strain behavior. The test conditions were chosen to simulate the cyclic plasticity found at notch conditions in high temperature structural components. The compressive excursion was found to be most prominent in its effect on the global plasticity and subsequent loss constraint at the crack tip while closure was not found to be significant in the consolidation of the data. Anomalous small crack growth rates are seen in some instances but are not normalized by accounting for closure or global plasticity.
Oviposition by summer and winter forms of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) on dormant pear budwood

The winter form of pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, readily oviposited on pear budsticks and leaves; the summer form had a strong preference for leaves and was reluctant to oviposit on budsticks.
A Preliminary Report on the Insecticidal Properties of Devil's Shoe-String, Cracca Virginiana Linn.

Possibilities for the development of a fish-poison for insecticidal purposes are found in Devil's shoe-string, Cracca Virginiana Linn., an American plant. Aqueous suspensions of the powdered roots compare favorably in toxicity with derris, pyrethrum and nicotine sulphate (40%). Field experiments show the insecticide to be efficient in the control of a number of insects, especially animal parasites.
Soil degradation and feedback processes affect long‐term recovery of tropical secondary forests

Questions What processes govern the long-term recovery of tropical secondary forests? Specifically, how are seedling species density, stem density and functional groups in older regenerating forests affected by existing trees, the regeneration environment and distance to seed sources? Location Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Singapore. Methods We investigated three primary forest plots and nine 60-yr-old secondary forest plots varying in their degree of recovery. We analysed seedling parameters as a function of the abiotic and biotic regeneration environment as well as distance to primary and mature secondary forests. Results The secondary forest plots had functional composition distinct from, and Chao-estimated species richness and stem density lower than the primary forest plots. Seedling communities were most strongly associated with the mature tree communities within each plot; associations with other intra-plot variables and distance to potential seed sources were lower but still highly significant. Overall, aside from the mature tree community, the most significant predictors of seedling species composition were fern cover, VPD, soil Al, available P and C:N ratio. Primary forest species were associated with low light environments, low macronutrients and low Al saturation. Secondary forest species were associated with high P, low soil pH and low total exchangeable bases. Long-lived pioneers differed from short-lived pioneers in their association with high soil C:N ratio, low Al saturation, low P and tolerance of a wider light range. Overall, improved seedling recruitment was associated with decreasing fern cover, thinner layer of leaf litter and higher light. At the landscape level, species density was inversely related to distance to potential seed sources. Conclusions Our findings suggest that historical soil degradation and subsequent feedback processes among the adult trees, seedling communities and the regeneration environment strongly affect forest succession. Nutrient-efficient and Al-tolerant pioneers, such as the fern Dicranopteris linearis, were probably initial colonizers. Chance dispersal and recovery of the regeneration environment subsequently affected the establishment of long-lived or short-lived pioneers. Persistence of D. linearis and long-lived pioneers slowed forest recovery, while short-lived pioneers improved nutrient recovery and ameliorated the above-ground conditions to facilitate subsequent succession, provided that seeds of primary forest species were present.
P04.09 Association of gender of sexual partners with women’s sexually transmitted infection risk

Background Previous data suggest that women who have sex with women and men (WSWM) have the highest STI risk compared to other female sexual behaviour groups. We compared risk behaviours and STI rates among women who have sex with women (WSW), WSWM, women with a single male partner (WSM), and women with multiple male partners. We hypothesised a continuum of STI risk with WSW having the lowest risk, followed by WSM with one partner, WSM with multiple partners, and WSWM. Methods A secondary analysis of data from two studies of African American women evaluated at a Birmingham, Alabama STD clinic was performed. One study included exclusive WSW (n = 78) and WSWM (n = 85) during the preceding year while the other evaluated WSM (n = 91 with one male partner and n = 78 with multiple male partners) during this timeframe. All participants completed a questionnaire and were tested for STIs. Results Groups did not differ by education, employment status, or recent alcohol/drug use. WSWM and WSM with multiple partners were more likely to report prior incarceration, transactional sex, and new/casual partner (s) within the past month. Rates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea were significantly different across groups with WSM more likely to have chlamydia and WSWM and WSM more likely to have gonorrhoea. In contrast, WSW and WSWM were more likely to have trichomoniasis than WSM. With the exception of WSW (25%), HSV-2 seroprevalence was high (>50%) among all groups. WSWM and WSM with multiple partners were more likely to report condom use at their last sexual encounter than WSM with single male partners and WSW. Conclusion Among women attending an STD clinic, STIs were common in all groups however prevalence appears to vary in association with partner gender and number. Even in STD clinics, partner gender and number are important factors to consider in sexual health counselling. Disclosure of interest statement Funding for original research was received from a Development Award from the American Sexually Transmitted Disease Association. No pharmaceutical grants were received in the development of this study.
Experience with Flutamide in Previously Untreated Patients With Advanced Prostatic Cancer

Twenty-one patients with advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma previously untreated with conventional endocrine therapy were treated with an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen, flutamide. There were 19 favorable responders, 1 failure and 1 equivocal response. Flutamide seems to be a safe antiandrogen, which is effective in the management of previously untreated patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma.
Development(s) in the Theology of Revelation: From Francisco Marín-Sola to Joseph Ratzinger

The twentieth century has seen a dramatic shift even within Catholic theology when it comes to how the Church understands divine revelation and her own historical reception of it. The Second Vatican Council was a pivotal point in which contrasting views of doctrinal truth seemed to meet head-to-head. But while it might seem that the now popular understanding of revelation as an event, rather than a set of propositions, represents a victory for modernism, there is no contradiction between this personalistic paradigm and the propositional, which reigned in the neo-scholastic era. Rather, there are points of contact between the traditional Thomistic approach of an early-twentieth century Dominican theologian, Francisco Marin-Sola, and the understanding of revelation, particularly, the nature of doctrinal truth, that has risen to prominence thanks to the so-called nouvelle theologie. It is especially evident in the work of Yves Congar and Joseph Ratzinger that it is possible to reconcile the Tubingen approach to reality, which inspired the new school, and the (Augustinian-)Thomistic insistence on the immutability of truth.
A state-wide assessment of the association between epidural analgesia, maternal fever and neonatal antibiotics in Colorado, 2007–2012

Objective To determine if an association exists between epidural analgesia, maternal fever and neonatal antibiotic exposure in a state-wide birth cohort. Design, setting and participants We performed a retrospective cohort study of the population-based Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment birth certificate database. Data included all reported births in the state of Colorado between 2007 and 2012. Live, non-preterm, vaginal, singleton, in-hospital births were included in analysis. Exposure Maternal epidural analgesia and maternal fever. Main outcomes measures Neonatal antibiotic treatment for suspected sepsis. A stratified analysis was conducted to evaluate whether epidural use was an effect modifier of the association between maternal fever and neonatal antibiotic treatment. Results The final cohort included 261 457 births. 2.2% of women who received an epidural had a fever, as compared with 0.4% of women who did not receive an epidural (OR: 5.4; 95% CI 4.9 to 6.0), and neonates born to women who received an epidural had 1.26 times increased odds of antibiotic treatment (95% CI 1.1 to 1.4). Stratification by epidural use did not alter the association between maternal fever and neonatal antibiotic treatment. Conclusions Colorado providers treat neonates born to mothers with maternal fever without respect to whether the mother had an epidural. Further research into improved criteria for neonatal sepsis evaluation that accounts for the contribution of maternal epidural fever should be developed to decrease unnecessary neonatal antibiotic exposure.
Understanding Ratings Models

Up to now we have discussed AHP relative models, that is, models in which both the criteria and alternatives are prioritized through pairwise comparison.
Equilibrium dynamics of β-n-methylamino-l-alanine (bmaa) and its carbamate adducts at physiological conditions

Elevated incidences of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism Dementia complex (ALS/PDC) is associated with β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a non-protein amino acid. In particular, the native Chamorro people living in the island of Guam were exposed to BMAA by consuming a diet based on the cycad seeds. Carbamylated forms of BMAA are glutamate analogues. The mechanism of neurotoxicity of the BMAA is not completely understood, and BMAA acting as a glutamate receptor agonist may lead to excitotoxicity that interferes with glutamate transport systems. Though the interaction of BMAA with bicarbonate is known to produce carbamate adducts, here we demonstrate that BMAA and its primary and secondary adducts coexist in solution and undergoes a chemical exchange among them. Furthermore, we determined the rates of formation/cleavage of the carbamate adducts under equilibrium conditions using two-dimensional proton exchange NMR spectroscopy (EXSY). The coexistence of the multiple forms of BMAA at physiological conditions adds to the complexity of the mechanisms by which BMAA functions as a neurotoxin.
Introduction: Fuzzy-Set Representation and Processing of Fuzzy Images; Non-linguistic Vagueness as Scientific Practice; Scientific Epistemology, Aesthetics, Methodology and Technology of Fuzziness

In Part 2 I conclude the process of tracking objective conditions of vagueness in representation and categorization: from language to pictures, from philosophy to imaging science, from vagueness to approximation and from representation to reasoning. The scientific focus is the application of fuzzy set theory. The main aim of Part 2 is to analyze fuzziness and the application of fuzzy set theory to imaging as a kind of practice applied to the understanding and control of depiction and categorization as other practices. As practices they are enabled and constrained by a variety of resources such as formal and material technologies, habits and skills, interests, standards and limitations.
30 years of advances in functionalization of carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications: a practical review

Carbon-based nanomaterials (CANOMATs), including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their derivatives, are widely considered to be the next-generation materials for a broad range of biomedical applications, owing to their unique opto-electronic, chemical, and mechanical properties. However, for bio-applications, CANOMATs need to be surface-functionalized, to render them passive, non-toxic, and water-soluble. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in the methods of functionalization of CANOMATs. In contrast to other Reviews, we present an objective analysis of the various approaches reported in the literature, using metrics such as the agent of functionalization, number of steps, and time required, the need for special instruments, effect on properties, scalability, reproducibility, and applications. Our Review offers a way for researchers to make a rational selection of the process of functionalization to best suit their desired application. This opens up new opportunities for developing targeted functionalization strategies, based on the need to excel at the above metrics.
Synthesis of higher carbon ethers from olefins and alcohols. I. Reactions with methanol

Abstract Higher carbon ether compounds (HME; hexyl methyl ether and OME; octyl methyl ether) are produced from olefins (C 6 olefins: 23DM1B; 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene and 23DM2B; 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene and C 8 olefins: 244TM1P; 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 244TM2P; 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene) and methanol in the presence of commercially available Amberlyst 15 ion exchange catalyst. Stainless steel batch reactors are used and the experiments are conducted from 333 to 373 K. It appeared that α-olefins are much more reactive to produce the corresponding ether compounds than β-olefins are. Probably due to steric hindrance, the reactivity of C 8 olefins seems to be less than that of C 6 olefins. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the amount of catalyst and reaction medium is significant at 2.5% and 1% levels for the production of octyl methyl ether and at 25% and 10% levels for the production of hexyl methyl ether, respectively. The implications of the current results to the design of a continuous process for the preparation of higher carbon ethers from olefins and synthesis gas in a single-step etherification reactor are discussed.
Organizational Social Media Accounts: Moving Toward Listening Competency

Researchers apply Bodie, St. Cyr, Pence, Rold, and Honeycutt’s (2012) model of listening competency to social media messaging for organizations. The article provides examples of how organizations and their social media managers, as de facto “listening agents,” can incorporate important verbal listening behaviors that represent active-empathic listening—pertinent responses, elaboration, offering advice and opinions, and answering and asking questions—into their social media profiles. In addition, guidance is provided to social media managers and organizations for how to adopt listening skills that will foster dialogue between organizations and their online publics. Potential areas for future research are also examined.
Comparison of Disease-Modifying Therapies for the Management of Multiple Sclerosis: Analysis of Healthcare Resource Utilization and Relapse Rates from US Insurance Claims Data.

Background Data on comparative healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with the newer oral disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for managing relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) in routine clinical practice are limited. The purpose of this study was to estimate healthcare resource utilization, costs, and relapse rates in the year after initiating treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF), interferon (IFN)-β, glatiramer acetate (GA), teriflunomide, or fingolimod in routine clinical practice for patients with MS who did not receive a DMT in the previous year.
A 53-Year-Old Man With a Bronchial Mass and Multiple Bone Lesions

Case Presentation A 53-year-old man was admitted with complaints of back pain of 3 months' duration along with numbness and weakness in his left upper and lower extremities. He denied any respiratory complaints or anorexia but did report an 11 kg weight loss over the last 3 months. He had no other significant medical history and denied any history of cigarette smoking or recreational drug use. Family history was significant for prostate cancer in his father.
Abstract 11: APOBEC is a major source of mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Cancers arise from an accumulation of somatic mutations. Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic mutagenic sources exist, yet our understanding of which processes are active in a given cancer genome is limited. Specific mutagenic processes have mutational preferences, called signatures. Large-scale analyses of cancer genomes/exomes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) have identified 30 unique signatures. APOBEC is a family of cytosine deaminases which function in the immune response to viral infection. A signature for APOBEC3 activity has been identified in a subset of cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The specifics of APOBEC activity in HNSCC remain poorly understood. Methods: We utilized bioinformatic approaches to explore the role of APOBEC mutations in tumor exomes, transcriptomes and germline exomes from 511 HNSCC patients in TCGA. Results: 58% of HNSCC are statically enriched for the APOBEC3 signature compared to all other cancers in TCGA. HPV+ HNSCC are statistically enriched for the APOBEC3 signature compared to HPV- samples (p Conclusions: APOBEC3 is a major source of mutations in HNSCC. HPV+ HNSCC have the highest enrichment of APOBEC3 mutations. APOBEC3 mutations are strongly overrepresented in PIK3CA at two known hotspots, suggesting these mutations are of functional importance. APOBEC3A is the most likely APOBEC to be active in HPV+ HNSCC; however, expression levels of APOBEC isoforms do not correlate well with APOBEC mutational rates, suggesting a temporal dissonance between enzyme activity and tumor sample harvest. APOBEC3 activity appears to correlate with upregulation of immune signaling pathways, supporting the hypothesis that APOBEC is acting as part of the innate response to viral infection, although its activity in HPV- cancer suggests other mechanisms of upregulation as well. Citation Format: Daniel L. Faden, Sean Thomas, Jeffrey Myers, Nishant Agrawal, Joseph DeRisi. APOBEC is a major source of mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr 11.
Analyzing storage for wind integration in a transmission-constrained power system

Abstract High levels of energy from variable generation sources such as wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) can result in significant curtailment, in which the wind and PV energy cannot be used to serve demand. Adding transmission and energy storage can assist in reducing renewable curtailment, but the relative merits of each enabling technology individually or combined is not well understood. Thus, we compare the role of transmission and storage in reducing curtailment, as well as reducing generation costs from conventional sources. Using a high-fidelity model of the electric power grid, we examine a scenario in which the western portion of the U.S. and Canada reaches 37% energy from wind and 12% energy from solar PV. In the case studied, we find that transmission is generally more effective than energy storage in reducing curtailment, due to the curtailment patterns of wind. However, the interaction between transmission and energy storage shows that the two technologies act symbiotically, meaning that their combined energy value is greater than that of each individually. This analysis demonstrates that fully realizing the benefits of wind resources located far from demand centers will require an effective method to deliver wind power at the right times to the right locations.
The Relation between Composition and Properties of Dietary Fiber and Physiological Effects

In this chapter I review progress toward an understanding of the relation between the composition and properties of dietary fiber and the physiological effects that are associated with its ingestion. In this context I will use the term dietary fiber for the mixture of complex polysaccharides (Southgate, 1982) and lignin in the diet derived principally from plant cell-wall structures in foods. The complex polysaccharides making up dietary fiber (Table I) are distinguished by the fact that they do not contain α-linked glucosidic polymers and are therefore not susceptible to hydrolysis by the endogenous secretions of the mammalian digestive tract.
Structural Insights into the Lipid A Transport Pathway in MsbA.

Summary MsbA is an essential ATP-binding cassette transporter in Gram-negative bacteria that transports lipid A and lipopolysaccharide from the cytoplasmic leaflet to the periplasmic leaflet of the inner membrane. Here we report the X-ray structure of MsbA from Salmonella typhimurium at 2.8-A resolution in an inward-facing conformation after cocrystallization with lipid A and using a stabilizing facial amphiphile. The structure displays a large amplitude opening in the transmembrane portal, which is likely required for lipid A to pass from its site of synthesis into the protein-enclosed transport pathway. Putative lipid A density is observed further inside the transmembrane cavity, consistent with a trap and flip model. Additional electron density attributed to lipid A is observed near an outer surface cleft at the periplasmic ends of the transmembrane helices. These findings provide new structural insights into the lipid A transport pathway through comparative analysis with existing MsbA structures.
Modeling composite effects of marine and freshwater processes on migratory species

Life histories of migratory species such as anadromous fishes make them particularly susceptible to composite effects of processes experienced across distinct habitats and life stages. Therefore, their population dynamics are difficult to quantify and manage without tools such as life‐cycle models. As a model species for which life‐cycle modeling is particularly useful, we provide an analysis of influential processes affecting dynamics of the Central Valley fall‐run Chinook salmon (CVFC) population (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). This analysis demonstrates how, through identification of covariates that affect this population at each life stage and their relationship to one another, it is possible to identify actions that best promote sustainability for this anadromous species. We developed a life‐cycle model for CVFC examining primary processes influencing variability in observed patterns of escapement from 1988 to 2016. CVFC are a valuable fishery along the US West Coast; however, their natural population is a fraction of its historic size, and recent low escapements have resulted in substantial restrictions on the fishery. Our model explains 68.3% of variability in historic escapement values. The most influential processes include temperatures experienced during egg incubation, freshwater flow during juvenile outmigration, and environmentally mediated predation during early marine residence. This work demonstrates the need, and methodology, for considering the interactions between freshwater and marine dynamics when evaluating the efficacy of managerial practices in freshwater and the ocean, especially in the context of increased environmental variability, climate change, and dynamic predator populations. The methodology developed in this study can be used toward improved conservation and management of other anadromous fishes and migratory species.
Value and Limitations of Test Dose Prior to Epidural Anesthesia

Three illustrative cases are briefly presented to demonstrate the potential fallibility in administration of a test dose prior to epidural anesthesia. Possible mechanisms are discussed of the central nervous system or cardiovascular toxic reactions to local anesthetics that can occur even if the test dose demonstrates no alterations.
Stationary Points of Shallow Neural Networks with Quadratic Activation Function.

We consider the teacher-student setting of learning shallow neural networks with quadratic activations and planted weight matrix $W^*\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times d}$, where $m$ is the width of the hidden layer and $d\le m$ is the data dimension. We study the optimization landscape associated with the empirical and the population squared risk of the problem. Under the assumption the planted weights are full-rank we obtain the following results. First, we establish that the landscape of the empirical risk admits an "energy barrier" separating rank-deficient $W$ from $W^*$: if $W$ is rank deficient, then its risk is bounded away from zero by an amount we quantify. We then couple this result by showing that, assuming number $N$ of samples grows at least like a polynomial function of $d$, all full-rank approximate stationary points of the empirical risk are nearly global optimum. These two results allow us to prove that gradient descent, when initialized below the energy barrier, approximately minimizes the empirical risk and recovers the planted weights in polynomial-time. Next, we show that initializing below this barrier is in fact easily achieved when the weights are randomly generated under relatively weak assumptions. We show that provided the network is sufficiently overparametrized, initializing with an appropriate multiple of the identity suffices to obtain a risk below the energy barrier. At a technical level, the last result is a consequence of the semicircle law for the Wishart ensemble and could be of independent interest. Finally, we study the minimizers of the empirical risk and identify a simple necessary and sufficient geometric condition on the training data under which any minimizer has necessarily zero generalization error. We show that as soon as $N\ge N^*=d(d+1)/2$, randomly generated data enjoys this geometric condition almost surely, while that ceases to be true if $N<N^*$.
Case of Cowden Syndrome with 15 Spinal Arteriovenous Fistulas

Background Spinal vascular malformations are rarely multiple: fewer than 50 observations have been documented so far, with a maximum of 4 coexisting lesions per patient, always restricted to a single vertebral region (e.g., cervical or thoracic). Case Description We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman with Cowden syndrome with 15 spinal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) at the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels and an adrenal AVF. She was initially referred for reevaluation of an upper cervical spinal epidural spinal arteriovenous fistula diagnosed 6 years earlier. Her history included breast carcinoma, a malignant salivary gland tumor, and removal of multiple ovarian, thyroid, and gastric hamartomas. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a prominent cervical vascular lesion. Spinal digital subtraction angiography revealed the presence of 15 additional vascular anomalies. Conclusions This multiplicity of AVFs appears to result from a combination of various factors including local regional hemodynamic changes, growth factor-mediated alterations involving notably vascular endothelial growth factor pathways, and the prothrombotic state associated with abnormalities in blood vessel structure.
The effect of transvaginal ultrasound, vaginal examination, or coitus on fetal fibronectin results: individual participant data from 6 cohort studies

Objective This study aimed to determine whether recent cervical manipulation via transvaginal ultrasound, sterile vaginal examination, or coitus affects the accuracy of fetal fibronectin results. Data Sources An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov , Cochrane Library, and CINAHL using a combination of pertinent key words from inception to June 2019. Study Eligibility Criteria We included all observational studies that provided individual-level data on fetal fibronectin results after recent transvaginal ultrasound, sterile vaginal examination, or coitus. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods Studies were appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies. Individual participant data from the included studies were pooled for each intervention. The primary outcome was agreement between pre- and postmanipulation swabs, estimated using proportion agreement and kappa statistics with 95% confidence intervals. Secondary outcomes included frequency in which the fetal fibronectin result changed after cervical manipulation and percentage of discordant pairs. Baseline fetal fibronectin swabs were not obtained in studies examining coitus; therefore, the results of these articles were examined separately. Outcome data were combined to estimate the relative risk of a positive qualitative fetal fibronectin result after coitus and differences in the concentration of quantitative fetal fibronectin. Results Of 807 studies identified, 6 were included. Three studies assessed the effect of transvaginal ultrasound (n=346 specimen pairs), 2 of sterile vaginal examination (n=122 specimen pairs), and 2 of coitus (n=262 specimen pairs) on fetal fibronectin results, with 1 study assessing the effect of more than 1 intervention. The proportion agreement between specimen pairs before and after transvaginal ultrasound and sterile vaginal examination was 93.4% (kappa, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.81) and 88.5% (kappa, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.84), respectively. For both transvaginal ultrasound and sterile vaginal examination, discordance with a positive preintervention fetal fibronectin and negative postintervention fetal fibronectin occurred more frequently than the converse. Patients reporting coitus within 24 to 48 hours were more likely to have a positive fetal fibronectin result than controls (39.7% vs 7.1%; relative risk, 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 3.0–10.6). Conclusion Cervical manipulation via transvaginal ultrasound or sterile vaginal examination does not significantly affect fetal fibronectin results; therefore, its use after these exposures is clinically acceptable. Conversely, the use of fetal fibronectin in the setting of recent coitus should continue to be discouraged.
The science of mosquitoes: Youths’ perceptions, engagement, and learning from a Skype in the classroom science communication program

This study examined the impact of a live, interactive electronic field trip (EFT), called Scientist Online: The Science of Mosquitoes via the Streaming Science platform and Skype in the Classroom network for connecting university entomologists with middle and high school youth around the world. More than 150 students viewed the program, and 60 answered post-quantitative and qualitative questions regarding their perceptions of the EFT and knowledge related to mosquitoes. Students reported an increased knowledge about mosquitoes, mosquito-borne illness, mosquito-borne illness prevention and protection, entomology and related careers, and the mosquito life-cycle. Future research should determine how interactive, synchronous video programs with scientists can impact participants’ behavior intentions, specifically for making lifestyle choices based in science, as well as decision-making for improving their health and the planet.
If consciousness causes collapse, the zombie argument fails

Many non-physicalists, including Chalmers, hold that the zombie argument succeeds in rejecting the physicalist view of consciousness. Some non-physicalists, including, again, Chalmers, hold that quantum collapse interactionism (QCI), i.e., the idea that non-physical consciousness causes collapse of the wave function in phenomena such as quantum measurement, is a viable interactionist solution for the problem of the relationship between the physical world and the non-physical consciousness. In this paper, I argue that if QCI is true, the zombie argument fails. In particular, I show that if QCI is true, a zombie world physically identical to our world is impossible because there is at least one law of nature, a fundamental law of physics in particular, that exist only in the zombie world but not in our world. This shows that philosophers like Chalmers are committing an error in endorsing the zombie argument and QCI at the same time.
Risk of relapse in patients receiving azithromycin after allogeneic HSCT

Following publication of the ALLOZITHRO trial, the FDA released a safety announcement warning that azithromycin should not be given long-term to prevent BOS in patients with a blood or lymph cancer who have undergone allogeneic HSCT. Our site typically initiated azithromycin when patients were diagnosed with BOS post-transplant rather than empirically as prevention. The purpose of our study was to discern whether the use of azithromycin at the time of diagnosis of BOS increased risk of disease relapse in patients who received an allogeneic HSCT for malignant disease. We retrospectively reviewed 432 patients in 3 cohorts: Cohort (1) patients who received greater than or equal to 2 weeks of azithromycin therapy (n = 98); Cohort (2) patients who received azithromycin therapy for less than 2 weeks (n = 63); and Cohort (3) patients who never received azithromycin therapy (n = 271). Neither patients in Cohort 1 (HR 0.44; 95% CI, 0.12-1.53, P = 0.19) nor Cohort 2 (HR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.2-2.19, P = 0.49) were associated with an increased risk of relapse when compared to those who had never received azithromycin. Our data indicate that the prolonged use of azithromycin after allogeneic HSCT is not associated with an increased rate of hematologic relapse.
Theories Unique to Nursing: Ever-Changing Guides to Nursing Practice.

The author in this article provides the introduction to the review of Peterson and Bredow's 5th edition of Middle Range Theories: Application to Nursing Research and Practice.
Microarray Data Analysis

Microarray analysis is an emerging field, simultaneously harnessing advances in semiconductor manufacturing, biochemistry, medicine, computation, and algorithms research. Microarrays now provide a platform for an unprecedented genome-wide view of a biological sample. Microarray analysis makes use of the vast amounts of data that the microarray platform provides. It is through the intelligent combination of mathematical algorithms and clinical validation that microarray analysis provides a real opportunity to realize the goal of targeted personalized medicine. One day, the information from a single microarray might be able to tell a doctor if a patient has cancer, what type of cancer it is, what the prognosis is, and what drug to use to best fight the cancer. The foundation of this story is being built in laboratories across the world today and it starts with sound microarray analysis. Microarray analysis is a multistep process that converts raw microarray data into biomarkers for clinical use. First, noise must be removed from raw data using preprocessing methods, such as normalization and artifact removal. Clean data can then be used to select important features or to build predictive rules called classifiers. The results of feature selection and classification are lists of biomarkers that are appropriate for classifying the data into groups such as benign or malignant. These biomarkers must then be validated clinically or through knowledge-based approaches. The results of validation can then be used as feedback in order to select better features or build better classifiers. Keywords: microarray analysis; pattern recognition; bioinformatics; cancer; personalized medicine; biomarker; DNA; RNA; computational biology
Time-Varying Relative Risk Aversion: Mechanisms and Evidence

This paper explores theoretically and empirically the issue of time-varying relative risk aversion. We analytically solve a parsimonious life-cycle portfolio choice model with the preferences given by Greenwood, Hercowitz and Huffman (1988, GHH). Our analytical solution identifies four partial equilibrium effects in our model with GHH preferences on risky shares through two channels, and two net effects whose signs hinge on the value of a key structural parameter. With household-level micro data, our mean and quantile regression results show that wealth negatively affects risky shares and the estimated effects are statistically significant and robust. This finding provides strong evidence to support our theoretical prediction. Thus, we show successfully that our portfolio choice model with GHH preferences provides a plausible underlying mechanism in understanding the wealth effect on risky shares in the microdata. Furthermore, we conclude that such a mechanism alone is not sufficient in explaining how risky shares respond to labor income and labor income risks in the microdata.
AAV-mediated YAP expression in cardiac fibroblasts promotes inflammation and increases fibrosis

Fibrosis is a hallmark of heart disease independent of etiology and is thought to contribute to impaired cardiac dysfunction and development of heart failure. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and fibrotic responses remain incompletely defined. As a result, effective treatments to mitigate excessive fibrosis are lacking. We recently demonstrated that the Hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) is an important mediator of myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis in the infarcted heart. Yet, whether YAP activation in cardiac fibroblasts is sufficient to drive fibrosis, and how fibroblast YAP affects myocardial inflammation, a significant component of adverse cardiac remodeling, are largely unknown. In this study, we leveraged adeno-associated virus (AAV) to target cardiac fibroblasts and demonstrate that chronic YAP expression upregulated indices of fibrosis and inflammation in the absence of additional stress. YAP occupied the Ccl2 gene and promoted Ccl2 expression, which was associated with increased macrophage infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, collagen deposition, and cardiac dysfunction in mice with cardiac fibroblast-targeted YAP overexpression. These results are consistent with other recent reports and extend our understanding of YAP function in modulating fibrotic and inflammatory responses in the heart.
Meniscal Allograft Transplantation: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes

For young patients with irreparable meniscal tears or previously meniscectomized knees, meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has been established as a safe and effective method to increase the tibiofemoral contact area, decrease contract stress, and restore the physiologic mechanics of the knee. Appropriately sized allografts are implanted using either the bridge-in-slot or bone plug technique for bony fixation, and any associated ligamentous or chondral pathologies are addressed concomitantly. Following rehabilitation, patients generally experience significant improvements in pain and function, and most patients are able to return to physical activity or sport within 6–9 months postoperatively. While animal models have demonstrated that meniscal transplantation slows the rate of degenerative cartilage changes, the chondroprotective effect of MAT in humans remains unclear.
Contract Preferences and Performance for the Loss-Averse Supplier: Buyback versus Revenue Sharing

Prior theory claims that buyback and revenue-sharing contracts achieve equivalent channel-coordinating solutions when applied in a dyadic supplier–retailer setting. This suggests that a supplier should be indifferent between the two contracts. However, the sequence and magnitude of costs and revenues (i.e., losses and gains) vary significantly between the contracts, suggesting the supplier’s preference of contract type, and associated contract parameter values, may vary with the level of loss aversion. We investigate this phenomenon through two studies. The first is a preliminary study investigating whether human suppliers are indeed indifferent between these two contracts. Using a controlled laboratory experiment, with human subjects taking on the role of the supplier having to choose between contracts, we find that contract preferences change with the ratio of overage and underage costs for the channel (i.e., the newsvendor critical ratio). In particular, a buyback contract is preferred for products with low critical ratio, whereas revenue sharing is preferred for products with high critical ratio. We show these results are consistent with the behavioral tendency of loss aversion and are more significant for subjects who exhibit higher loss aversion tendencies in an out of context task. In the second (main) study, we examine differences in the performance of buyback and revenue-sharing contracts when suppliers have the authority to set contract parameters. We find that the contract frame influences the way parameters are set and the critical ratio again plays an important role. More specifically, revenue-sharing contracts are more profitable for the supplier than buyback contracts in a high critical ratio environment when accounting for the supplier’s parameter-specification behavior. Also, there is little difference in performance between the two contracts in a low critical ratio environment. These results can help inform supply managers on what types of contracts to use in different critical ratio settings.
Three Methods for Adapting Physical Games to Virtual Formats in STEM Courses – Easy (Google Suite), Medium (Web GL Games in Unity) and Hard (Virtual Reality)

The use of games in learning has demonstrably positive impacts on experiences in the classroom. At Marymount University, the STEM faculty in biology, chemistry and physics have long utilized a wide-variety of gamifying techniques to bring gameplay into the classroom to improve attitudes of students towards science. Methods utilized have included commercial game software (e.g. quizlet live, kahoot), taboo-style games to practice complex scientific terminology, creating 3D printed manipulatives to build biological molecules, using card games to understand chemical reactions and playing astronomy role-playing games. The onset of the global pandemic in 2020/2021 revealed the need to find tools to convert these experiences into a format for remote/virtual delivery. In this paper we discuss the games that we utilize in a variety of STEM content areas, provide workflow suggestions for content experts to collaborate with programming experts to convert games into a virtual format and showcase our work in this collaborative area by presenting three different styles of physical-virtual game adaptation; 1) the use of google sites/sheets/docs for playing astronomy-related role-playing games through Zoom, 2) the creation of a WebGL-based chemistry card game using the Unity game development engine and hosted on itch.io for widespread delivery and 3) the development of an interdisciplinary STEM Escape Room in virtual reality on the Oculus Quest 2. The open source nature of the tools used mean these techniques can all be adopted widely by interdisciplinary teams to create a diverse range of virtual gamified learning experiences.
Adaptable (Not Adaptive) Automation: The Forefront of Human-Automation Teaming.

ObjectiveIdentify a critical research gap for the human factors community that has implications for successful human–automation teaming.BackgroundThere are a variety of approaches for applying auto...
Women and the Phillips Curve: Do Women's and Men's Labor Market Outcomes Differentially Affect Real Wage Growth and Inflation?

During the economic expansion of the 1990s, the United States enjoyed both low inflation rates and low levels of unemployment. Juhn, Murphy, and Topel (2002) point out that the low unemployment rates for men in the 1990s were accompanied by historically high rates of non-employment suggesting that the 1990s economy was not as strong as the unemployment rate might indicate. We include women in the analysis and examine whether the Phillips curve relationships between real compensation growth, changes in inflation, and labor market slackness are the same for men and women and whether measures of "non-employment" better capture underlying economic activity, as suggested by Juhn, Murphy, and Topel's analysis. From 1965 to 2002 the increase in women's labor force participation more than offsets the decline for men, and low unemployment rates in the 1990s were accompanied by historically low overall non-employment rates. We find that women's measures of labor market slackness do as well as men's in explaining real compensation growth and changes in inflation after 1983. We also find some evidence that non-employment rates are more closely related to changes in inflation than other measures of labor market slackness; however, we do not find the same for real compensation growth.