cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis on children vaccination certificate inspection in kindergarten and primary schools in Xianning City of Hubei Province

Objective To understand the status of children vaccination among new comers in kindergarten and primary schools,and provide evidence for reducing vaccine leakage and improving child immunization programs. Methods In September 2012, all new comers in kindergarten and primary schools( 1121) were checked their vaccination cards. Investigators were composed by trained doctors in kindergartens,schools and community. They checked children vaccination cards,vaccination status by using self-designed questionnaire on the spots. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18. 0. Results 281 new kindergarten children were investigated,and 100% of them hold the vaccination cards. Among them,256 children had complete basic immunization and thecompletion rate was 91. 0%. 248 children finished strengthen immune and the completion rate was 88. 2%. Among 840 new primary school children,710 of them completed basic immune and the completion rate was 84. 5%. 425 children finished strengthen immune and thecompletion rate was 50. 6%. 42 children had no vaccination card,accounting for 3. 8%. Basic vaccine leakage included hepatitis B,polio,leprosy and DTAP,strengthen vaccine leakage included Tetanus-Diphtheria combined vaccine and meningitis A + C vaccine. Conclusion Vaccine leakage including primary immunization,strengthen immunization and no vaccine card were found among new comer children in kindergartens and primary schools. Vaccine related management should be strengthened. For children failure in complete national immunization programs,re-vaccination should be taken to avoid vaccine leakage.
IKONOS Shadow Extraction in Urban Region Based on Principal Component Fusion Information Distortion

A new shadow extraction method for IKONOS in urban region is presented based on the principal component(PC) fusion information distortion.The results show that this shadow extraction method is simple and accurate;not only the shadow of high building but also the little shadow of small tree are all detected.
Review of Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R (2nd Ed.), by Owen Jones, Robert Maillardet, and Andrew Robinson

Without a doubt, the authors of Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R are faced with a difficult task, as scientific programming, simulation, and R each represent broad topi...
Effect of nonmagnetic impurities on s.+-. superconductivity in the presence of incipient bands

Several Fe chalcogenide superconductors without hole pockets at the Fermi level display high temperature superconductivity, in apparent contradiction to naive spin fluctuation pairing arguments. Recently, scanning tunneling microscopy experiments studied the influence of impurities on some of these materials and claimed that nonmagnetic impurities do not create in-gap states, leading to the conclusion that the gap must be ${s}_{++}$, i.e., conventional $s$ wave with no gap sign change. Here we critique this argument, and give various ways sign-changing gaps can be consistent with the absence of such bound states. In particular, we calculate the bound states for an ${s}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ system with a hole pocket below the Fermi level, and show that the nonmagnetic impurity bound state energy generically tracks the gap edge ${E}_{min}$ in the system, thereby rendering it unobservable. A failure to observe a bound state in the case of a nonmagnetic impurity therefore cannot be used as an argument to exclude sign-changing pairing states.
Instruments of Soviet Diplomacy and Self-Projection

The nature of the relationship between a superpower and a regional state is always asymmetrical; this inequality reflects itself most glaringly when the instruments of their diplomacy and self-projection are evaluated. For the Soviet Union, Marxism-Leninism and the foreign communist parties since 1917, were formidable tools in the conduct of its foreign policy both toward the West and the Islamic East. Contrary to general impression, Muslim states were vulnerable to the lure of Marxist ideology, while they also endeavoured to use Islam against socialism with a fair degree of success.
Geochemical Processes Controlling Transport of Arsenic in Groundwater: A Review of Adsorption

Adsorption is the predominate mechanism controlling transport of arsenic in many ground water systems. Hydrous oxides of iron, aluminum, and manganese, and clay minerals are commonly associated with aquifer solids and have been shown to be significant adsorbents of arsenic. The extent of arsenic adsorption is influenced by the chemistry of the aqueous phase including pH, arsenic speciation, and the presence and concentration of competing ions. Under moderately reducing conditions, trivalent arsenite is stable and adsorption increases with increasing pH. In an oxidizing environment, arsenate is stable and adsorption decreases with increasing pH. The presence of phosphate, sulfate, carbonate, silica, and other anions have been shown to decrease adsorption of arsenic to varying degrees. The effects of complex aqueous and solid phase chemistry on arsenic adsorption are best simulated using surface complexation models. Coupling of such models with hydrologic solute transport codes provide a powerful method for predicting the spatial and temporal distribution of arsenic in ground water.
The life of astronomy's brightest star

Fred Hoyle was a marvellous man and a brilliant physicist who was full of ideas, many of which turned out to be correct. He was never afraid to take an opposing view, but his arguments were always linked to observations. He was a creator, having founded the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy in Cambridge in 1967 and played a major role in the construction and operation of the Anglo-Australian Telescope. As someone who was very close to Hoyle and worked with him for nearly 50 years, I can assure readers that these two books give full and fair accounts of the life of this great astrophysicist.
A local reconfiguration based scalable fault tolerant many-processor array

This paper presents a reconfigurable Many-processor Array utilizing a layer of Routers with localized interconnects to provide fault tolerance for Processing Elements (PEs). In such a system, each PE is assigned to a Router in the neighborhood. The required interconnect topology among the PE's is implemented via a fixed Backbone Network connecting all the Routers. A localized Auxiliary Network is used to provide assignment flexibilities between each Router and its peripheral PE's. Faulty PE's are repaired via spare PE's in the array, and to extend the reach of spares, repair is done via Replacement Chains: a faulty PE's Router will be assigned to another functional PE within its neighborhood; the Router of the replacement PE will then be reassigned to another PE, until eventually a spare PE is reached. In this paper, we propose a Many-processor Array on the basis of this principle, and show that this architecture is able to deliver high level of fault tolerance properties while being scalable in hardware and interconnect overheads.
Towards a better greener future - an alternative strategy using biofertilizers. I: Plant growth promoting bacteria

Abstract In recent years, an unprecedented change in the environmental conditions has substantially affected the ability of plants to adapt to changing climactic conditions. These changes are primarily the result of population explosion, increased air and soil pollution, heavy metals contamination of the ecosystem, degradation of soil quality, and global climate change among others. Hence, there is a need to develop a sustainable agriculture system focused on yield increase and remediation of dwindling soil nutrients. Enhancing the natural roles of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGB) that are beneficial in improving soil health and plant productivity is gaining importance. In the symbiotic associations of PGBs with plants, the microbes help to increase the bioavailability of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) and other soil trace elements essential to plant growth. Moreover, the presence of the symbiotic association also helps to increase the water uptake of plants, induces systemic resistance and encompasses the adverse effects of phytopathogens, modulates the production of plant growth hormones and diminishes the effects of abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity. Establishment of the symbiotic association is a well-orchestrated process at both physiological and molecular levels that requires a continuous communication between the two participating partners. Research studies carried out over the years have identified some candidate genes, and putative signal transduction cascades necessary for the symbiotic association, but a complete understanding of the PGB molecular interaction is still very limited. This review focuses on the recent development of knowledge in the PGB symbiosis, molecular mechanisms involved in the nutrient exchange, and improvement in plant growth and development.
Comparing the New York State Smokers' Quitline Reach, Services Offered, and Quit Outcomes to 44 Other State Quitlines, 2010 to 2015.

Purpose:To summarize the reach, services offered, and cessation outcomes of the New York Quitline and compare with other state quitlines.Design:Descriptive study.Setting:Forty-five US states.Participants:State-sponsored tobacco cessation quitlines in 45 US states that provided complete data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Quitline Data Warehouse (NQDW) for 24 quarters over 6 years (2010-Q1 through 2015-Q4).Intervention:Telephone quitlines that offer tobacco use cessation services, including counseling, self-help materials, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), to smokers at no cost to them.Measures:Percentage of adult tobacco users in the state who received counseling and/or free NRT from state quitlines (reach), services offered by state quitlines, and cessation outcomes among quitline clients 7 months after using quitline services.Analysis:Reach, services offered, and cessation outcomes for the New York Quitline were compared with similar measures for the other 44 state qu...
Taking the Middle Road: Vertebrate Mesoderm Formation and the Blastula-Gastrula Transition

Abstract Mesoderm is the middle of the three embryonic germ layers discovered and defined in the 19th century. Major phylogenetic classifications are based on the theory and evidence that the mesoderm is the most recently evolved germ layer. A reconsideration of conventional axes reveals a common vertebrate fate specification map that is coordinated by gradients of ligand signaling. Mesoderm differentiation mechanisms validate theoretical models of embryonic patterning from the pre-molecular era. Formation of vertebrate mesoderm for the entire rostrocaudal axis requires independent Nodal and T/Brachyury inputs. A caudal stem cell population gives rise to caudal neural tube neurons and to a mesodermal progenitor cell niche that gives rise to caudal paraxial mesoderm.
Generalist and Specialist Selection of Jurisdictional Domains in Professional Practice

Today’s complex professional environments increasingly face the challenge of balancing demands for specialization with the subsequent need for coordination. One characteristic of this challenge is ...
A theory of multineuronal dimensionality, dynamics and measurement

In many experiments, neuroscientists tightly control behavior, record many trials, and obtain trial-averaged firing rates from hundreds of neurons in circuits containing billions of behaviorally relevant neurons. Dimensionality reduction methods reveal a striking simplicity underlying such multi-neuronal data: they can be reduced to a low-dimensional space, and the resulting neural trajectories in this space yield a remarkably insightful dynamical portrait of circuit computation. This simplicity raises profound and timely conceptual questions. What are its origins and its implications for the complexity of neural dynamics? How would the situation change if we recorded more neurons? When, if at all, can we trust dynamical portraits obtained from measuring an infinitesimal fraction of task relevant neurons? We present a theory that answers these questions, and test it using physiological recordings from reaching monkeys. This theory reveals conceptual insights into how task complexity governs both neural dimensionality and accurate recovery of dynamic portraits, thereby providing quantitative guidelines for future large-scale experimental design.
Crisis Management and Corporate Apology: The Effects of Causal Attribution and Apology Type on Publics’ Cognitive and Affective Responses:

This study examined how corporate apologies influence cognitive and affective public responses (public anger, negative impression, distrust) during an aviation crisis. A total of 192 participants w...
Combining Knowledge with Data for Efficient and Generalizable Visual Learning

Abstract Substantial progress has been made in the past decades in computer vision, in particular as a result of the application of deep learning methods. Despite these rapid developments, there still exist a significant gap between computer vision and human vision. One factor contributing to this gap is the data-driven and purely bottom-up nature of the existing visual learning methods and their inability to use prior knowledge. The data-driven and bottom-up approaches often cannot generalize well beyond the data that is used to train them. Parallel to data, there is usually prior knowledge in many domains that governs the target object, its context, and the computer vision tasks. Such knowledge, if utilized properly, can not only improve visual recognition performance but also reduce our dependence on data. To this goal, we propose to identify the related prior knowledge from different sources and to systematically encode them into visual learning tasks though joint bottom-up and top-down inference. Specifically, we first identify four types of prior knowledge, including permanent theoretical knowledge, circumstantial knowledge, subjective experiential knowledge, and data knowledge. We then demonstrate how permanent theoretical knowledge and circumstantial knowledge can be identified for different vision tasks and introduce methods to systematically represent and integrate them with the image data. Experiments on benchmark datasets show that by employing related prior knowledge, we can produce vision algorithms that are more data efficient, robust and generalizable and that are less dependent on training data.
Decreased Rates of Inpatient Hypoglycemia Following Implementation of an Automated Tool in the Electronic Medical Record for Identifying Root Causes

Objective:The objective was to identify root causes of hypoglycemia on medicine inpatient units using an automated tool. Data collected will guide educational interventions aimed at improving patie...
An Assay that Predicts In Vivo Efficacy for DNA Aptamers that Stimulate Remyelination in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease for which regenerative therapies are sought. We have previously described human antibodies and DNA aptamer-streptavidin conjugates that promote remyelination after systemic injection into mice infected by Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. Here, we report an in vitro assay of myelin binding with results that correlate with remyelination outcome in vivo, as shown for data from a set of DNA aptamer complexes of different size and formulation. This in vitro assay will be valuable for future screening of MS regenerative therapies targeting remyelination.
Hepatitis C in Pregnancy

The prevalence of hepatitis C in pregnancy is as high as 3.6% in large cohorts. The prevalence of hepatitis C acquired by vertical transmission is 0.2% to 0.4% in the United States and Europe. Although screening is not recommended in the absence of certain risk factors, the importance of understanding hepatitis C in pregnancy lies in its association with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is potential for those infants infected by vertical transmission to develop chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The risk of vertical transmission is increased when mothers are co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or possess a high viral load. There is no clear data supporting that mode of delivery increases or reduces risk. Breastfeeding is not associated with increased risk of transmission. Premature rupture of membranes, invasive procedures (such as amniocentesis), intrapartum events, or fetal scalp monitoring may increase risk of transmission. In pregnant patients, hepatitis C is diagnosed with a positive ELISA-3 and detectable Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA viral load. Infants born to HCV-infected mothers should be tested for either HCV RNA on at least two separate occasions. Although prevention is not possible, there may be a role for newer direct acting anti-viral medications in the future.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism prevents obesity-induced cerebral artery remodeling and reduces white matter injury in rats.

Objective Midlife obesity is a risk factor for dementia development. Obesity has also been linked to hyperaldosteronism, and this can be modeled in rats by high fat (HF) feeding from weaning. Aldosterone, or activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) causes cerebrovascular injury in lean hypertensive rats. We hypothesized that rats fed a HF diet would show inward middle cerebral artery (MCA) remodeling that could be prevented by MR antagonism. We further proposed that the cerebral artery remodeling would be associated with white mater injury. Methods Three-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HF diet ± the MR antagonist canrenoic acid (Canr) for 17 weeks. Control rats received normal chow (control NC). MCA structure was assessed by pressure myography. Results The MCAs from HF fed rats had smaller lumens and thicker walls when compared to arteries from control NC rats; Canr prevented the MCA remodeling associated with HF feeding. HF feeding increased the mRNA expression of markers of cell proliferation and vascular inflammation in cerebral arteries and Canr treatment prevented this. White mater injury was increased in the rats fed the HF diet and this was reduced by Canr treatment. The expression of doublecortin, a marker of new and immature neurons was reduced in HF fed rats, and MR antagonism normalized this. Conclusions These data suggest that HF feeding leads to MR dependent remodeling of the MCA and this is associated with markers of dementia development.
The utility of PHQ-9 and CGI-S in measurement-based care for predicting suicidal ideation and behaviors.

Abstract Background Measurement-based care (MBC) has emerged as an effective strategy for improving outcomes in patients with mood disorders. Suicide is a particularly devastating outcome of mood disorders. Using data from a new MBC program from the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC), we examined whether capturing a patient-rated symptom measure, the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), along with a provider-rated global functioning measure, the clinical global impression scale (CGI-S), improves identification of patients at risk of suicide over using either measure alone. Methods A total of 126 adults with mood disorders from nine sites in the NNDC completed the PHQ-9 and CGI-S and had at least one subsequent visit where they completed the Columbia-suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS). The PHQ-9 (≥10) and CGI-S (≥4) were dichotomized at commonly accepted severity thresholds. Associations of the PHQ-9 and CGI-S with suicidal ideation or behavior were examined using Firth's logistic regression to accommodate small samples while controlling for age, sex, race, and diagnosis. Results Patients who scored higher on only the PHQ-9 or CGI-S were not significantly more likely to experience subsequent suicidal ideation or behaviors. However, patients who scored higher on both the PHQ-9 and CGI-S were significantly more likely to experience suicidal ideation (OR = 4.70, p = 0.0005) and suicidal behaviors (OR = 25.38, p = 0.0003). Discussion Information from both patient and clinician-rated measures was better able to identify patients with mood disorders at risk for suicidal ideation and behaviors. Using both together may help reduce the risk of suicide by identifying those patients at greatest risk and allowing for more targeted interventions.
Comparison of Single-Session Dose Response Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Spasticity and Walking Speed in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury

Spasticity affects approximately 65% of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and negatively impacts function and quality of life. Whole body vibration (WBV) appears to reduce spasticity and improve walking function; however, the optimal dose (frequency/duration) is not known. We compared single-session effects of four different WBV frequency/duration dose conditions on spasticity and walking speed, in preparation for a planned multi-session study. Thirty-five participants with motor-incomplete SCI received four different doses of WBV: high frequency (50 Hz)/short duration (180 s), high frequency/long duration (360 s), low frequency (30 Hz)/short duration, and low frequency/long duration, plus a control intervention consisting of sham electrical stimulation. In all conditions, participants stood on the WBV platform for 45-s bouts with 1 min rest between bouts until the requisite duration was achieved. The frequency/duration dose order was randomized across participants; sessions were separated by at least 1 week. Quadriceps spasticity was measured using the pendulum test at four time points during each session: before, immediately after, 15 min after, and 45 min after WBV. Walking speed was quantified using the 10-m walk test at three time points during each session: baseline, immediately after, and 45 min after WBV. In the full group analysis, no frequency/duration combination was significantly different from the sham-control condition. In participants with more severe spasticity, a greater reduction in stretch reflex excitability was associated with the high frequency/long duration WBV condition. The sham-control condition was associated with effects, indicating that the activity of repeated sitting and standing may have a beneficial influence on spasticity. Trial registration: NCT02340910 (assigned 01/19/2015).
The museum world: Career skills and training for jobs in textile and clothing historic collections

Since the turn of the 20 th century, textiles and clothing historic (TCH) collections have inspired designers, helped teach textiles and clothing history classes, and enhanced our understanding of history and different cultures (Queen & Berger, 2007; Sauro, 2009; Marcketti, Fitzpatrick, Keist, & Kadolph, 2011). Recently, museums have begun to hold blockbuster fashion exhibits to increase foot traffic, fundraise, and reach a more diverse audience (Anderson, 2000). In light of this trend and the highly competitive museum field, it is necessary to explore the skills and knowledge that make professionals working in these specific collections successful. Thus, the purpose of this research was to understand the skills and knowledge needed to be successful in TCH collections, where professionals learned those skills and gained that knowledge, how professionals’ schooling and formal training prepared them for their careers, how professionals network, and their career paths. Ten TCH collection professionals were interviewed and an internet survey was distributed to the members of Costume Society of America. Both interview and survey results indicated that knowledge of textiles and clothing, museum practices, and liberal arts were crucial to success. Skills emphasized included knowledge of textiles and clothing history, knowledge of textile science, object handling, cataloguing, and having a broad liberal arts background. Professionals advised students to intern extensively, attend conferences, and be very patient when applying for jobs.
American Democracy and Harold D. Lasswell: Institutional Spaces of ‘Failure’ and ‘Success’, Present and Past

In Chap. 2, Lynda Stone takes up the topic of institutional spaces in two regards, one the conception of democracy and the other in two times and exemplars of potentially democratic practices. The latter are first as a failing institution particularly targeting youth in the USA today and second as a successful institution in an innovative experiment at a psychiatric hospital in the late 1950s. Following the first setting, the central focus of the chapter is the theorising and its implementation of democratic character and institutional democratic development from political psychologist Harold Lasswell.3 The last is in the form of research and its reporting. To begin with, the first section describes three contemporary instances of institutional failure: the school discipline, the school to prison pipeline and the war on terrorism. At the least, these are a reminder that American democracy cannot be taken for granted and must be renegotiated again and again. The next sections introduce Lasswell, synthesise his text Democratic character, describe and exemplify implementation of the innovation and offer an assessment by researchers Lasswell and Robert Rubenstein. The conclusion summarises the chapter, returns to youth and schools and closes with a comment on educational research.
Induction of Glutathione-S-Transferase in the Northern Quahog Mercenaria mercenaria After Exposure to the Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Mixture Aroclor 1248

The glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) from the Northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) were examined after an injection of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture, Aroclor 1248, to a concentration of ~50 ppm. Enzymatic analysis indicated a fourfold increase in the GST activity of quahogs injected with PCBs compared with that of the control. An electrophoretic analysis of the GST from the PCB-exposed quahogs showed a 1.5-fold increase in the concentration over that of the control. Purification of the GST on a glutathione affinity column yielded a glutathione binding protein, in addition to the GSTs. However, the amount of the glutathione binding protein in the PCB-injected quahogs was found to decrease by ~50% in comparison to the glutathione binding protein in the control quahogs.
Positron emission tomographic studies of local cerebral glucose metabolism in humans in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the positron emission tomographic studies of local cerebral glucose metabolism in humans in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Glucose utilization is stoichiometrically related to oxygen consumption in the aerobic state, except in a few situations such as starvation and insulin hypoglycemia, and provides a measure of energy metabolism in the anaerobic state as well. The ability to detect alterations in local cerebral metabolism in man has become a valuable tool in advancing our understanding of disorders affecting the brain, many of which are focal in nature. In order to determine the regional metabolic rate for glucose, one must measure, the distribution of the 18 F activity in the brain, the time course of arterial plasma ‘ 18 F’fluorodeoxyglucose (‘ 18 F’FDG) and glucose concentrations, and know the values of the rate constants and lumped constant for FDG in humans. The three-dimensional distribution of 18 F activity in the brain is determined with a positron emission tomographic scanner. Such an instrument consists of an array of scintillation detectors positioned around the subject's head. The detectors are mounted on a gantry capable of rectilinear and/or rotatory motion. From the measured data, transverse sections through the brain are calculated using a filtered, back-projection reconstruction technique.
Coupling of DNA Replication and Negative Feedback Controls Gene Expression for Cell-Fate Decisions

Summary Cellular decision-making arises from the expression of genes along a regulatory cascade, which leads to a choice between distinct phenotypic states. DNA dosage variations, often introduced by replication, can significantly affect gene expression to ultimately bias decision outcomes. The bacteriophage lambda system has long served as a paradigm for cell-fate determination, yet the effect of DNA replication remains largely unknown. Here, through single-cell studies and mathematical modeling we show that DNA replication drastically boosts cI expression to allow lysogenic commitment by providing more templates. Conversely, expression of CII, the upstream regulator of cI, is surprisingly robust to DNA replication due to the negative autoregulation of the Cro repressor. Our study exemplifies how living organisms can not only utilize DNA replication for gene expression control but also implement mechanisms such as negative feedback to allow the expression of certain genes to be robust to dosage changes resulting from DNA replication.
Mental Health Services for Medical Students — Time to Act

Mental Health Services for Medical Students Medical students have higher rates of depression, suicidal ideation, and burnout than the general population. Schools have begun revisiting their procedu...
Commercializing Earth Orbit

In addition to applying to the space sector Ronald Reagan’s conviction that the free market was the preferred path to future progress, there were three other influences supporting Reagan administration initiatives toward space commercialization during the 1983–1984 period. One was the emergence, just as the Reagan administration arrived in Washington, of a variety of private sector actors interested in space commercialization. Second, there was also a sudden flowering of new, entrepreneurial commercial space ventures. A third influential factor leading to the increased emphasis on commercialization was high enthusiasm regarding the potential economic payoffs from various commercial space activities. While the revenue from privatizing remote sensing and commercializing expendable launch vehicles was expected to be relatively modest, payoffs from new commercial activities carried out in Earth orbit were forecast to be in the multiple billions of dollars. These influences combined as the foundation for crafting a Reagan administration policy toward encouraging and facilitating commercial activities in orbit.
The Use of Imagery in the Rehabilitation of Injured Athletes

The purpose of this treatise is to provide an educational text that (a) cites existing literature supporting a mind-body paradigm for rehabilitation from psychophysiological and psychomotor perspectives, (b) demonstrates the application of imagery techniques within the chronology of an athletic injury, and (c) describes the performance-related criteria to which an athlete can compare his or her progress during rehabilitation. The chronology includes the period of time preceding the injury, the attention given to the athlete immediately following the injury, and the subsequent rehabilitation program leading to the athlete’s return to practice and competition. Examples of imagery experientials are used to illustrate its application throughout the chronology.
DEPRESSION IN ALCOHOLISM

In recent years a number of studies have reported a high lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among alcoholics (Weissman et al., 1980; Hesselbrock et al., 1985; Schuckit, 1985; Ross et al., 1988; Roy et al., 1991). For example, one or more additional lifetime psychiatric disorders. meeting DSM-III criteria was found among 77% of 321 and 80.2% of 339 alcoholics by Hesselbrock et al. (1985) and Roy et al. (1991), respectively. Both these reports noted that major depression was the most common associated diagnosis among women alcoholics. That referral factors to psychiatric settings play a part in these results was recently demonstrated by Regier et al. (1990). They found that among the 20,291 individuals interviewed in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Program, 37% of the alcoholics had a comorbid mental disorder. However, 55% of their alcoholics in specialty treatment had a comorbid mental disorder.
Exploring the Determinants of Collaboration Failure

Many of the case studies on collaboration tout the success of collaborative efforts, and theory building efforts focus almost exclusively on conditions for successful collaboration. Notably missing...
Patient Satisfaction, Quality Attributes, and Organizational Characteristics: A Hierarchical Linear Model Approach:

Patient satisfaction studies have gained more and more attention, and there are many patient satisfaction studies. These studies assume that patients were selected randomly and independently, but patient satisfaction surveys are described as a multistage or hierarchically structured sample. Thus, there is a need to conduct a hierarchical linear model (HLM) analysis with a large number of hospitals. This study utilized an HLM to investigate both the individual patient-level effect on the overall satisfaction rating and the effect of hospital characteristics on the combining process of patient's overall satisfaction rating. This study used patient satisfaction data collected from 100 hospitals with the sample size of 85 766. The hospital-level characteristics include total expense per personnel, payroll expense per personnel, number of staffed beds per personnel, and number of admission per personnel. This study found that hospital characteristics influence overall rating of the hospital through the doctor, staff, and room attributes. When considering the complex nature of the overall patient rating process of hospitals, it makes more sense to analyze hospital characteristics that are interacting with attributes rather than treat hospital characteristics as independent of these factors.
Quantum criticality and entropy transfer in spin chains and planes—Pyridine oxide copper salts

We present magnetic field-dependent specific heat (C) data for [Cu(pyO)6](NO3)2 (pyO = pyridine oxide) (CPN), a molecular salt shown to be quasi-1D, and for a quasi-2D analogue, [Cu(pyO)6](BF4)2 (CPB). For CPN, a sharp feature indicating 3D ordering is observed at 0.16K in zero-field. As the field, H, is increased, the ordering temperature first increases, as expected for quasi-1D antiferromagnets, before decreasing rapidly for H above 3T. The field also transfers the entropy of short-range ordering (SRO) in the spin chains into the 3D ordering peak. At our lowest accessible temperature, T ∼ 0.096K, C/T exhibits an enhanced peak at the critical field. Qualitatively similar behavior is found in CPB. These results demonstrate a potentially powerful new materials route to study quantum phase transitions.
Redesigned Filter Paper Method: Protocol and Assessment Using Reconstituted Samples

The soil-water retention curve defines a relationship between the water content of a soil and the corresponding pressure at which the soil-water-air is in equilibrium. In cases in which undisturbed sampling are not feasible, especially for nonplastic and low-plastic soil fabrics, reconstituted soil samples are required. A newly designed mold was devised for use with reconstituted soil samples and the filter paper test. The newly designed mold consisted of a #200 wire mesh that allows for three-dimensional vapor flow. Implementing this new apparatus in conjunction with an energy-based reconstitution protocol minimizes inconsistencies across the test specimen such that variabilities associated with the filter paper testing method can be isolated and calibration curves verified. Calibration procedures are assessed and results are presented based on axis translation and verified by tensiometer measurements. This redesigned filter paper test was then conducted over a range of nonplastic to low-plastic soils yielding comparable results with published field studies and data bases. It can be concluded from this investigation that the filter paper method, using an energy-based reconstitution method and a mesh mold, is comparable to non-filter paper testing methods and is preferable for some applications because of its simplicity and relative short testing times.
Gravity, Education, and Economic Development in Multinational Affiliate Location

This paper investigates the relationship between education and the location of multinational affiliates. It finds that U.S. multinationals seek production locations with high levels of education rather than with uneducated labor. Furthermore, the education effect can be separated from the effects of overall economic development. Based on these results, the paper suggests why previous results regarding education and multinational affiliate location have been mixed. Using a gravity equation framework, the analysis also introduces a methodological innovation by including numerous economies that receive no investment. The expanded data set reveals that about two-thirds of the variation in multinational location can be explained by the standard gravity variables of host country size, transport costs, distance from the investing country, and host country remoteness. Furthermore, the elasticities are higher than those resulting from the analysis of the more restricted country samples used in nearly all research on multinationals. This suggests that previous research might have missed or underestimated relationships and may not be useful in understanding why some countries receive little or no multinational investment.
Narrowband microwave-photonic notch filtering using Brillouin interactions in silicon

We present narrowband RF-photonic filters in an integrated silicon platform. Using Brillouin interactions, the filters yield narrowband (~MHZ) filter bandwidths with high signal rejection, and demonstrate tunability over a wide (∼GHz) frequency range.
Comparison of Exogenous Ketone Administration versus Dietary Carbohydrate Restriction on Myocardial Glucose Suppression: A Crossover Clinical Trial.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is standard-of-care to achieve myocardial glucose suppression (MGS) for assessing inflammation using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET). However, failure to suppress physiologic glucose uptake remains a significant diagnostic barrier. While extending the duration of KD may be effective, exogenously delivered ketones may provide a convenient, reliable, and same-day alternative. The aims of our study were to determine 1) whether exogenous ketone administration is non-inferior to the KD to achieve MGS, and 2) whether serum beta-hydroxybutyrate [BHB] levels can predict MGS. Methods: KEETO-CROSS is a crossover, non-inferiority trial of the KD (endogenous ketosis) versus ketone ester (KE, exogenous ketosis) drink. Twenty healthy participants were enrolled into three arms: 1) weight-based KE drink 2) 24-hour KD, and 3) 72-hour KD (N = 18 completed all arms). The primary outcome was achievement of complete MGS on PET (non-inferiority margin 5%). The area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of endogenous BHB levels (analyzed in a laboratory and by point-of-care device) for predicting MGS was analyzed in 37 scans completed on the KD. Results: Mean age was 30±7 years, 50% were female, 45% were non-white. Median (25th-75th percentile) achieved BHB levels (mmol/L) were 3.82 (2.55-4.97) (KE drink), 0.77 (0.58-1.02) (24-hour KD), and 1.30 (0.80-2.24) (72-hour KD). The primary outcome was achieved in 44% (KE drink), 78% (24-hour KD), and 83% (72-hour KD) of participants (non-inferiority P = 0.97 and 0.98 for KE vs. 24-hour and 72-hour KD). Endogenous BHB levels robustly predicted MGS (AUROC 0.88, 95%CI 0.71, 1.00). BHB >0.58 correctly classified 92% of scans. A point-of-care device provided comparable predictive value. Conclusion: In healthy volunteers, KE was inferior to KD for achieving MGS. Serum BHB is a highly predictive biomarker for MGS and can be clinically implemented upstream of FDG-PET, with rapid facilitation by point-of-care testing, to reduce false positive scans.
Bothersome Hematospermia Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Background: Hematospermia following prostate radiation therapy is a benign and often self- limiting side effect. However, it may be bothersome to some men and their partners with a negative impact on sexual quality of life (QOL). This study sought to evaluate the incidence, duration, and resolution of hematospermia in patients following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer Methods: 227 patients treated with SBRT from 2013 to 2019 at Georgetown University Hospital for localized prostate carcinoma with a minimum follow up of two years were included in this retrospective review of data that was prospectively collected. Patients who were greater than 70 years old and/or received hormonal therapy were excluded. Hematospermia was defined as bright red blood in the ejaculate. Time points for data collection included initial consultation, pre-treatment, 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, 24-month. All patients were treated with the CyberKnife Radiosurgical System (Accuray). Data on hematospermia including duration, resolution and recurrence was collected. Utilization of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors was documented at each visit. Results: 227 patients (45 low-, 177 intermediate-, and 5 high-risk according to the D’Amico classification) at a median age of 65 years (range 47-70) received SBRT for their localized prostate cancer. The 2-year cumulative incidence of hematospermia was 5.6%. For these patients, all but one patient (93%) saw resolution of their hematospermia by two years post- SBRT. The median time for hematospermia was 9 months post-treatment. Of the 14 patients who reported hematospermia, 70% were managed with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. Hematospermia was transient in most patients with 70% of the men reporting resolution by the next follow-up visit. Conclusion: The incidence of bothersome hematospermia following SBRT was low. Hematospermia, as noted by other studies, often self-resolves. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may lead to quicker resolution of bothersome hematospermia.
Reviewing the Reviews: The Political Implications of Critical Legal Studies

Two recent book reviews published in this journal have applied the tenets of critical legal studies to recent works on labor relations.1 In is sue 10:3, Christopher Tomlins warmly received a new history of Ameri can labor, The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State and American Labor Activism 1865-1925, by David Montgomery.2 Tomlins argued that new histories of working class people that focus on class con
On the efficacy of stochastic collocation, stochastic Galerkin, and stochastic reduced order models for solving stochastic problems

Abstract The stochastic collocation (SC) and stochastic Galerkin (SG) methods are two well-established and successful approaches for solving general stochastic problems. A recently developed method based on stochastic reduced order models (SROMs) can also be used. Herein we provide a comparison of the three methods for some numerical examples; our evaluation only holds for the examples considered in the paper. The purpose of the comparisons is not to criticize the SC or SG methods, which have proven very useful for a broad range of applications, nor is it to provide overall ratings of these methods as compared to the SROM method. Rather, our objectives are to present the SROM method as an alternative approach to solving stochastic problems and provide information on the computational effort required by the implementation of each method, while simultaneously assessing their performance for a collection of specific problems.
Special Relativistic Motion

Deterministic particle motion can also be studied in a relativistic context. We will do this in the present chapter. However, only pertinent concepts from special relativity will be defined and applied. In addition, we will concentrate on the fundamental problem of motion in one space dimension.
Effects of Vitamin B-6 Deficiency and 4′-Deoxypyridoxine on Pyridoxal Phosphate Concentrations, Pyridoxine Kinase and Other Aspects of Metabolism in the Rat

Male rats about 100 days old were fed a B-6 deficient diet supplemented with 4'-deoxypyridoxine (1 g/kg diet) and/or pyridoxine hydrochloride (22 mg/kg diet) for 30 to 35 days. Addition of 4'-deoxypyridoxine to the B-6-deficient diet produced greater losses in body weight (P less than 0.05) and thymus weight (P less than 0.01) than in B-6-deficient pair-fed controls. 4'-Deoxypyridoxine combined with a B-6-deficient diet produced no decreases in the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate or pyridoxine kinase in the tissues examined when compared with B-6-deficient controls. Addition of deoxypyridoxine to a diet containing adequate B-6 tended to reduce that absolute weight of the adrenal glands and increased (P less than 0.05) plasma cholesterol compared with animals receiving only vitamin B-6. Compared with the B-6-deficient groups, pyridoxal phosphate concentrations in animals receiving normal B-6 were significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in the liver, muscle and adrenal glands but not in the thymus. In all groups the pyridoxine kinase activity was highest in the adrenal glands (3.6-6.3 pmole pyridoxine phosphate/minute/mg tissue) followed by the liver (1.3-3.7) and thymus (0.7-1.3). These high kinase values and the weight changes suggest an important role for vitamin B-6 in these organs. Recent evidence that pyridoxal phosphate may interact with glucocorticoid receptors raises the possibility that the role of vitamin B-6 in these and other organs may involve metabolic regulation by a mechanism independent of the well-established coenzyme function of this vitamin.
Behavior Assessment System for Children

The Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC–2; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2004) is a multimethod, multidimensional system used to evaluate the behavior and self-perceptions of children, adolescents, and young adults aged 2 through 25 years. The BASC–2 is multimethod in that it has the following components, which may be used individually or in any combination: (1) two rating scales, one for teachers (Teacher Rating Scales, or TRS) and one for parents (Parent Rating Scales, or PRS), which gather descriptions of the child's observable behavior, each divided into age-appropriate forms; (2) a self-report scale (Self-Report of Personality, or SRP), on which the child or young adult can describe his or her emotions and self-perceptions; (3) a Structured Developmental History (SDH) form; (4) a form for recording and classifying directly observed classroom behavior (Student Observation System, or SOS), which is also available for PDA applications as an electronic version known as the BASC–2 POP or Portable Observation Program; and (5) a self-report for parents of children ages 2–18 years, designed to capture a parent's perspective on the parent-child relationship in such domains as communication, disciplinary styles, attachment, involvement, and others. Keywords: diagnosis; behavior; behavioral assessment; psychopathology
Energy and nutrient utilization by the calf's gut

Nutritional requirements across the portal-drained viscera of preruminant calves were determined using an arteriovenous difference technique. In the current studies, a bilateral subcostal approach was used to reach the portal area to provide access for proper placement of an ultrasonic transit time flow probe around the portal vein. The application of an ultrasonic flow probe provided consistent measurements of blood flow. The umbilical vein was used as an entry point for the portal vein catheter. The femoral artery was also catheterized. Using blood flow measurements and arteriovenous differences we could measure net nutrient uptake. This model has been performed successfully on healthy calves, but the study may have implications in the development of treatment to promote intestinal healing in diarrheic calves.