cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing with a dominant cyclic alternating pattern-a recognizable polysomnographic variant with practical clinical implications

Objectives To define the clinical and polysomnographic features of a distinct variant of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing that is remarkably mild during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Design Observational study and evaluation of polysomnographic and clinical records. Setting American Academy of Sleep Medicine-accredited multidisciplinary sleep disorders center and laboratory. Patients 35 medication-free subjects with clinical and polysomnographic severe obstructive sleep-disordered breathing selected for dominance of 1 of 2 disordered breathing patterns. Interventions Positive airway pressure titration. Measurements and results Nasal pressure was used to score respiratory events. Sleep was scored by both the standard criteria and cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), and the distribution of respiratory events was tabulated and analyzed. A distinct clinical and polysomnographic syndrome emerged, CAP-dominant sleep-disordered breathing, characterized by severe relatively short cycle obstructive events during non-REM sleep that were mild in REM sleep. Characteristics include lower body mass index, fewer apneas, and a lower hypoxic burden as reflected by frequency and severity of nocturnal oxygen saturation. During positive pressure titration, a remarkable respiratory instability emerged selectively during CAP, in contrast to stability during REM sleep. This partial treatment failure was associated with persistent clinical symptoms. Conclusions This variant of sleep apnea may reflect a dominant component of respiratory instability and periodic breathing coupled with upper-airway obstruction. Its existence questions the conventional practice of calculating global respiratory indexes. Besides positive airway pressure, measures to treat periodic breathing may be required.
Dark Clouds (1938–1944)

In 1938 August was thinking about retiring. The eighteen years since he had won the Nobel Prize had been productive, hectic, and exciting, but August was beginning to tire from the pace and the many commitments and responsibilities. He wanted more time to think and do uninterrupted research; what he needed was a small laboratory where he could work for the rest of his life. By retiring in 1939 at age sixty-five rather than seventy, he felt that he could get his new work under way before he grew too old.
A PC-SAFT model for hydrocarbons II: General model development

Abstract This is the second paper in a series which describes the development of a general PC-SAFT hydrocarbon model. In instalment I, a new treatment of aromaticity was included in the PC-SAFT equation of state by mapping aromatic π-π attractions onto a dipolar free energy. In this paper we include this aromatic-polar map into the development of a generalized thermodynamic model for hydrocarbons. The characterization model incorporates heteroatom polarity as well as aromaticity. The minimum level of input to the model is boiling point, molecular weight, and specific gravity. If a specific molecular structure is known, the model formalism accommodates inclusion of various aromatic and heteroatom functional groups. We demonstrate by comparison to pure component properties of defined hydrocarbon molecules that the new approach is of nearly quantitative accuracy. We also demonstrate how the use of the polarity contributions allows for accurate prediction of non-idealities in mixture phase equilibria.
Chrononutrition – ‘The Clock Makes Good Food’

As all organisms on Earth, also fishes and aquatic invertebrates are subject to circadian rhythms triggered by external zeitgebers and controlled by gene transcription; all life history traits change in a circadian manner. This rhythmicity applies to digestive enzyme activity, regulated by endogenous systems, and which can be measured even under fasting conditions. Contrary to mammals, teleost fishes appear not to have a master clock. In aquatic invertebrates, the circadian control is less well understood than in fish. In both animal groups, transcription of metabolic and, particularly, also biotransformation genes show clear circadian rhythmicity. The latter determine the toxicity of natural and synthetic xenobiotic chemicals. Therefore, one can predict that several of the so-called antinutrional dietary compounds may lose their ‘anti’-character, if the farmed animals are fed during the acrophase of biotransformation genes transcription.
Ionization Compression of High Power Picosecond CO 2 Laser

Ultra-short pulse lasers are dominated by solid-state technology, which typically operates in the near-infrared. Efforts to extend this technology to longer wavelengths are meeting with some success, but the trend remains that longer wavelengths correlate with greatly reduced power. The carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser is capable of delivering high energy, 10μm wavelength pulses, but the gain structure makes operating in the ultra-short pulse regime difficult. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory is currently building a novel CO 2 laser which uses solid state injection seeding, with pressure and power broadening, to generate high power, picosecond pulses. As a way of relaxing the requirements on the seed pulse and gain medium, we propose to use ionization blue-shifting during pre-amplification to broaden the laser bandwidth. The time changing index of refraction associated with laser-plasma generation will spectrally blue-shift the pulse. This can be dispersively compressed outside of the amplifier. This mechanism was proposed [1] to explain the observation of 600fs pulses generated by a high pressure CO 2 laser. We carried out simulations using a modified version of the co2amp code [2] which models CO 2 pumping with the Boltzmann equation, laser amplification with the Maxwell- Bloch equations, and beam propagation with Huygens-Fresnel integration, and now photoionization and collisional ionization.
A Heterogeneously Integrated Silicon Photonic/LiNbO 3 Electro-Optic Modulator

We present a heterogeneous CMOS compatible Mach-Zehnder modulator simultaneously utilizing the electro-optic effect in LiNbO 3 and taking advantage of the benefits of silicon photonics. Aside from the final step of bonding the LiNbO 3 , this modulator can be entirely fabricated using CMOS facilities.
Abstract 884: Expression of Anti-mir-33a-5p in Cultured Endothelial Cells Increases Macrophage and Smooth Muscle Cell Cholesterol Efflux by Exosome-mediated Transfer of Anti-mir-33a-5p

Background: The microRNA miR-33a-5p impairs apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux by silencing ABCA1 expression. Systemic injection of antagomirs to miR-33a-5p reduces atherosclerosis but can cause hep...
Assessing the differences between monolingual and bilingual speakers in a tongue-twister task: Is there evidence for a bilingual advantage?

While not uncontroversial, the claim that bilingual experience underlies certain cognitive advantages has been at the forefront of recent work. Thus, enhanced skills were associated with bilingualism in terms of multitasking, auditory encoding of sound, and resistance to dementia. Among the mechanisms potentially supporting the cognitive differences between mono- and bilinguals, those pertaining to executive function have been investigated extensively. Our study adds to a more recently initiated direction seeking to determine if there is also a connection between bilingualism and sensorimotor mechanisms. Specifically, we explore experimentally articulatory skill, expressed as accuracy, speed, and acoustic prototypicality in the production of tongue-twisters. Three groups of undergraduates (n = 40)—monolingual, early bilinguals, and late bilinguals—read artificially constructed tongue-twisters such as “kifkivkivkif” three times in succession, matching a 150 bps rhythm on a metronome. After a practice session, each participant read 64 items, many of which induced mispronunciations. The productions were manually evaluated for correctness, revealing that the monolinguals and late bilinguals outperformed the early bilinguals. In the next phase, acoustic analyses will be performed to determine more fine-grained phonetic properties, e.g., consonant duration, formant transitions, and extent of devoicing, possibly revealing different hyper-/hypoarticulation patterns in the three groups.
Differential Diagnosis of Diffuse Pulmonary Disorders Using Genetics

Through the past several decades, there has been substantial progress in defining the role of genetic factors in risk for a variety of pulmonary diseases. This progress has advanced understanding of the pathobiology of chronic lung diseases, laying the groundwork for the first genetically informed precision therapies for lung disease. With rapid growth of available genetic tests for patients with pulmonary diseases, there is an urgent need to precisely define the role of genetic evaluation and testing in the clinical care of patients with pulmonary diseases.
Global Behavior in Functional Iteration Problems

Functional iteration, the process of forming a sequence x0, x1 = f(x0), x2 = f(x1) = f(f(x0)) = f2(x0), . . ., by repeated application of a function f, is fundamental to the approximation of solutions to nonlinear equations and plays an important role in the study of nonlinear dynamics. In this note we examine another aspect of functional iteration: the global behavior of the sequence f, f2, f3, . . ., fn, . . . of composite functions as n → ∞. This topic can be presented to students at many levels using computer graphics to stimulate conjectures that can then be investigated theoretically.
Student to Scholar: Critical Ethnographic Conceptualizations of Mentoring a Black Female Scholar and Considerations for Diversifying the Academy

This book examines issues regarding mentoring scholars of color. The book is organized to bring attention to ethnographic accounts that draw upon mentoring experiences within three specific categorical contexts: (a) Student Scholar, (b) Working Scholar, and (c) Preeminent Scholar. The scholar authors chronicled in this work describe a variety of ways mentoring has assisted them. In addition to presenting exemplars of mentoring scholars of color; this work also encompasses a focus on the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE) Holmes Scholars and extends the work of the Holmes Group concerning the parameters and practical realities of equity and diversity in higher education. Readers of this chapter will be introduced to key themes they will encounter throughout the book and how this work will guide future directions.
Intestinal responses to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D are not improved by higher intestinal VDR levels resulting from intestine-specific transgenic expression of VDR in mice.

Abstract Intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption depends upon vitamin D signaling through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the proximal and distal intestine while lower VDR content causes intestinal resistance to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D) action. We tested whether intestinal responsiveness to 1,25(OH)2 D is increased in mice with higher than normal VDR levels resulting from transgenic VDR expression in the whole intestine (villin promoter-human VDR transgene, HV2). Wild type (WT) and HV2 mice were treated with 0, 0.15, or 0.3 ng 1,25(OH)2 D/g body weight (BW) (n = 6/dose) for 6 h. 1,25(OH)2 D significantly induced Cyp24a1, Trpv6, and S100 g mRNA in duodenum (Dd) of WT mice but induction was not higher in HV2 mice. We next tested whether higher intestinal VDR could protect mice from the consequences of low dietary Ca intake. WT and HV2 mice were fed diets with 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 (reference), or 1% Ca from weaning to 3 months of age (n = 9/diet/genotype). Dietary Ca restriction caused a dose dependent increase in serum 1,25(OH)2 D, Dd TRPV6, and Dd S100 g mRNA in WT mice and the effect was greater in HV2 mice. While Ca absorption was increased by low Ca intake, there was no difference in Ca absorption between HV2 and WT mice. Similarly, while bone density and microstructure were reduced by low Ca intake in WT mice, high intestinal VDR in HV2 mice did not protect bone in mice fed low Ca diets. Thus, while intestinal VDR and vitamin D signaling are essential for normal Ca metabolism during growth, our data demonstrate that higher than normal intestinal VDR levels do not improve the intestinal response to either 1,25(OH)2 D injection or to elevated 1,25(OH)2 D levels resulting from the physiologic adaptation to low Ca diets.
Chapter 4 – Nitrogen

Synthetically produced ammonia and the agricultural fertilizers it has enabled are essential to modern agriculture's productivity. Fritz Haber's most important work—the synthesis of ammonia—has had important, enduring effects on the practice of agriculture, our diet, and the well-being of all citizens of the modern world. Carl Bosch's development of the industrial synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, based on Haber's work, has been of greater fundamental importance to the modern world than all other inventions. The work of Haber and Bosch is essential to the development of modern agricultural systems and thus to feeding the world. No substitute for the Haber–Bosch process required to make agricultural fertilizer has been developed.
A framework for attenuation method selection evaluated with ice-penetrating radar data at South Pole Lake

All radar power interpretations require a correction for attenuative losses. Moreover, radar attenuation is a proxy for ice-column properties, such as temperature and chemistry. Prior studies use either paired thermodynamic and conductivity models or the radar data themselves to calculate attenuation, but there is no standard method to do so; and, before now, there has been no robust methodological comparison. Here, we develop a framework meant to guide the implementation of empirical attenuation methods based on survey design and regional glaciological conditions. We divide the methods into the three main groups: (1) those that infer attenuation from a single reflector across many traces; (2) those that infer attenuation from multiple reflectors within one trace; and (3) those that infer attenuation by contrasting the measured power from primary and secondary reflections. To assess our framework, we introduce a new ground-based radar survey from South Pole Lake, comparing selected empirical methods to the expected attenuation from a temperature- and chemistry-dependent Arrhenius model. Based on the small surveyed area, lack of a sufficient calibration surface and low reflector relief, the attenuation methods that use multiple reflectors are most suitable at South Pole Lake.
Parental Perspectives on Sexual Abuse Prevention: Barriers and Challenges

This study examined parental perspectives on educating children about child sexual abuse (CSA) and personal safety. Twenty-four focus groups consisting of 144 parents or guardians (89% female) of children between the ages of 3 and 11 years were conducted in four areas of the U.S. (Northeast, Southeast, Mid-West, West). Parents were recruited through schools and community agencies. Participants viewed the family videos from the Second Step Child Protection Unit and then discussed their perspectives on parenting and sexual abuse prevention. The conversations were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed qualitatively using a thematic approach. A major theme was that parents encountered barriers and challenges in their efforts to protect children and educate them about CSA. These included ambiguous safety messages for children; denial that their child could be at risk; personal discomfort with the topic; fear of ruining their child’s innocence; and limitations imposed by gender role stereotypes. Additional challenges emerged from a sub-sample of groups from low-resourced communities. Many of these parents described challenges in overcoming intergenerational abuse and the culture of silence that surrounds it; fear of reporting CSA due to mistrust of authorities; and lack of options for safe child care. Results suggest that prevention programming should be tailored to the communities in which it will be presented, with attention given to reducing ambiguities in messaging and improving access to resources in low-resourced communities. Findings are interpreted within the framework of Protection Motivation Theory.
Responses to the Problem of OD Stagnation: A Tribute to Warner Burke:

As our most qualified inspector, sage, and futurist for organizational development (OD), Warner has set the standard for what great organizational change and development should be. He has recently ...
Efficacy and Safety of Perioperative Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Elective Surgical Procedures: A Meta-analysis.

Objective: The study objective was to determine if peri-operative bridging anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation is beneficial or harmful. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting: Inpatient or in-hospital setting. Participants: Adults with atrial fibrillation having a CHADS2 score >1 undergoing elective surgical procedure on anticoagulation. Methods: A systemic search of multiple databases (Cochrane, Medline, PubMed) was performed regarding studies conducted on efficacy and safety of perioperative bridging anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Studies identified were reviewed by two authors individually before inclusion. The results were then pooled using Review Manager to determine the combined effect. Stroke/systemic embolism was considered as the primary efficacy outcome. Major bleeding was the primary safety outcome. Results: The systematic search revealed 108 potential articles. The full texts of 28 articles were retrieved for assessment of eligibility. After full text review, 25 articles were excluded. Three articles met inclusion criteria. No significant difference in stroke/systemic embolism with bridging anticoagulation was noted (risk ratio, 1.25-95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–2.85). Bridging was associated with significantly higher risk of major bleeding (risk ratio, 3.29-95% CI, 2.25–4.81). Conclusion: An individualized approach is required when initiating peri-operative bridging anticoagulation. There is certainly a higher risk of bleeding with bridging anticoagulation and no difference in stroke/systemic embolism. However, the results cannot be extrapolated to patients who have valvular atrial fibrillation or CHADS2 score of 5 or greater.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Acceptability of the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) Among US Veterans.

Importance Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental health disorder that can be effectively treated with empirically based practices. PTSD screening is essential for identifying undetected cases and providing patients with appropriate care. Objective To determine whether the Primary Care PTSD screen for theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(Fifth Edition) (PC-PTSD-5) is a diagnostically accurate and acceptable measure for use in Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care clinics. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study enrolled participants from May 19, 2017, to September 26, 2018. Participants were recruited from primary care clinics across 2 VA Medical Centers. Session 1 was conducted in person, and session 2 was completed within 30 days via telephone. A consecutive sample of 1594 veterans, aged 18 years or older, who were scheduled for a primary care visit was recruited. Data analysis was performed from March 2019 to August 2020. Exposures In session 1, participants completed a battery of questionnaires. In session 2, a research assistant administered the PC-PTSD-5 to participants, and then a clinician assessor blind to PC-PTSD-5 results conducted a structured diagnostic interview for PTSD. Main Outcomes and Measures The range of PC-PTSD-5 cut points overall and across gender was assessed, and diagnostic performance was evaluated by calculating weighted κ values. Results In total, 495 of 1594 veterans (31%) participated, and 396 completed all measures and were included in the analyses. Participants were demographically similar to the VA primary care population (mean [SD] age, 61.4 [15.5] years; age range, 21-93 years) and were predominantly male (333 participants [84.1%]) and White (296 of 394 participants [75.1%]). The PC-PTSD-5 had high levels of diagnostic accuracy for the overall sample (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.927; 95% CI, 0.896-0.959), men (AUC, 0.932; 95% CI, 0.894-0.969), and women (AUC, 0.899, 95% CI, 0.824-0.974). A cut point of 4 ideally balanced false negatives and false positives for the overall sample and for men. However, for women, this cut point resulted in high numbers of false negatives (6 veterans [33.3%]). A cut point of 3 fit better for women, despite increasing the number of false positives. Participants rated the PC-PTSD-5 as highly acceptable. Conclusions and Relevance The PC-PTSD-5 is an accurate and acceptable screening tool for use in VA primary care settings. Because performance parameters will change according to sample, clinicians should consider sample characteristics and screening purposes when selecting a cut point.
Reanalysis of the Eo uml tvös experiment

We have carefully reexamined the results of the experiment of E\"otv\"os, Pek\'ar, and Fekete, which compared the accelerations of various materials to the Earth. We find that the E\"otv\"os-Pek\'ar-Fekete data are sensitive to the composition of the materials used, and that their results support the existence of an intermediate-range coupling to baryon number or hypercharge.
Functional Realignment of Frontoparietal Subnetworks during Divergent Creative Thinking.

Creative cognition has been consistently associated with functional connectivity between frontoparietal control and default networks. However, recent research identified distinct connectivity dynamics for subnetworks within the larger frontoparietal system-one subnetwork (FPCNa) shows positive coupling with the default network and another subnetwork (FPCNb) shows negative default coupling-raising questions about how these networks interact during creative cognition. Here we examine frontoparietal subnetwork functional connectivity in a large sample of participants (n = 171) who completed a divergent creative thinking task and a resting-state scan during fMRI. We replicated recent findings on functional connectivity of frontoparietal subnetworks at rest: FPCNa positively correlated with the default network and FPCNb negatively correlated with the default network. Critically, we found that divergent thinking evoked functional connectivity between both frontoparietal subnetworks and the default network, but in different ways. Using community detection, we found that FPCNa regions showed greater coassignment to a default network community. However, FPCNb showed overall stronger functional connectivity with the default network-reflecting a reversal of negative connectivity at rest-and the strength of FPCNb-default network connectivity correlated with individual creative ability. These findings provide novel evidence of a behavioral benefit to the cooperation of typically anticorrelated brain networks.
Clinical management of immune-related adverse events following immunotherapy treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

The advent of checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy is rapidly changing the management of lung cancer. Whereas past anticancer drugs’ primary toxicity was hematologic, the newer agents have primarily autoimmune toxicity. Thus, it is no longer enough for oncology practitioners to be skilled only in hematology. They must also understand management of autoimmune conditions, leveraging the skills of the rheumatologist, endocrinologist and gastroenterologist in the process. Herein we describe the mechanism of action and toxicities associated with immune checkpoint blockade in patients with lung cancer and provide a framework for management of adverse events.
Extreme Precipitation and Flooding Contribute to Sudden Vegetation Dieback in a Coastal Salt Marsh

Climate extremes are becoming more frequent with global climate change and have the potential to cause major ecological regime shifts. Along the northern Gulf of Mexico, a coastal wetland in Texas suffered sudden vegetation dieback following an extreme precipitation and flooding event associated with Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Historical salt marsh dieback events have been linked to climate extremes, such as extreme drought. However, to our knowledge, this is the first example of extreme precipitation and flooding leading to mass mortality of the salt marsh foundation species, Spartina alterniflora. Here, we investigated the relationships between baseline climate conditions, extreme climate conditions, and large-scale plant mortality to provide an indicator of ecosystem vulnerability to extreme precipitation events. We identified plant zonal boundaries along an elevation gradient with plant species tolerant of hypersaline conditions, including succulents and graminoids, at higher elevations, and flood-tolerant species, including S. alterniflora, at lower elevations. We quantified a flooding threshold for wetland collapse under baseline conditions characterized by incremental increases in flooding (i.e., sea level rise). We proposed that the sudden widespread dieback of S. alterniflora following Hurricane Harvey was the result of extreme precipitation and flooding that exceeded this threshold for S. alterniflora survival. Indeed, S. alterniflora dieback occurred at elevations above the wetland collapse threshold, illustrating a heightened vulnerability to flooding that could not be predicted from baseline climate conditions. Moreover, the spatial pattern of vegetation dieback indicated that underlying stressors may have also increased susceptibility to dieback in some S. alterniflora marshes.Collectively, our results highlight a new mechanism of sudden vegetation dieback in S. alterniflora marshes that is triggered by extreme precipitation and flooding. Furthermore, this work emphasizes the importance of considering interactions between multiple abiotic and biotic stressors that can lead to shifts in tolerance thresholds and incorporating climate extremes into climate vulnerability assessments to accurately characterize future climate threats.
Quality Sensing in Fruits and Vegetables

New, nondestructive techniques for sensing the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables would be helpful to producers, handlers, and consumers. Subjective quality standards for many products tend to be highly arbitrary, different for individual consumers and for sellers and buyers, and often subject to supply and demand. Thus, objective measurements that can be made rapidly and nondestructively could provide improvements in sorting and handling operations and also be helpful to consumers in selecting produce of desired quality. Dielectric properties of fresh fruits and vegetables that are available in the literature are reviewed, and studies are described in which efforts were made to find correlations between qualities such as sweetness in melons and apples and their radio-frequency dielectric properties. Dielectric properties of onions have also been studied for use in measuring moisture content, which is important in curing. Impedance measurements on dates at frequencies of 1 and 5 MHz were found to be useful in sensing moisture content for sorting of fresh dates.
Strategies and tactics in the management of maintenance treatment for depressed patients.

This article focuses on the strategies and tactics in the clinical management of maintenance treatment for depressed patients. The phases of treatment, indications for maintenance treatment, steps necessary to prepare patients for maintenance treatment (e.g., attaining optimal symptomatic control, providing knowledge, and developing a constructive attitude toward chronic disease management), teaching patients to measure symptoms during treatment, and clinical tips for managing symptomatic blips and recurrences during maintenance treatment are discussed.
Diffusion of oxygen in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ oxide upon annealing in helium and oxygen ambients

Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ oxide specimens (Tc∼91 K) formed by sintering were annealed in He gas ambient at constant temperatures ranging from 300 to 440 °C. Outdiffusion of oxygen during the annealing procedure was monitored by in situ electrical resistivity measurement. Below 350 °C, no resistivity changes were observed with time. From 370 to 440 °C, resistivity increased linearly with annealing time except the very initial period. Indiffusion of oxygen monitored by switching He to O2 (or air) during the annealing occurred extremely rapidly as indicated by a precipitous drop of resistivity. Assuming that the outdiffusion of oxygen is interfacial‐reaction limited, an activation energy of 1.7 eV was measured. The effects of oxygen diffusion on resistivity indicate that oxygen atoms mediate majority carriers in the oxide.
Multiple State and Single State Tableaux for Combining Local and Global Model Checking

The verification process of reactive systems in local model checking [2, 9, 28] and in explicit state model checking [14, 16] is on-the-fly. Therefore only those states of a system have to be traversed that are necessary to prove a property. In addition, if the property does not hold, than often only a small subset of the state space has to be traversed to produce a counterexample. Global model checking [8, 24] and, in particular, symbolic model checking [6, 23] can utilize compact representations of the state space, e.g. BDDs [5], to handle much larger designs than what is possible with local and explicit model checking. We present a new model checking algorithm for LTL that combines both approaches. In essence, it is a generalization of the tableau construction of [2] that enables the use of BDDs but still is on-the-fly.
Lessons Learned During Implementation and Early Operations of the DS1 Beacon Monitor Experiment

A new approach to mission operations will be flight validated on NASA’s New Millennium Program Deep Space One (DS1) mission which launched in October 1998. The Beacon Monitor Operations Technology is aimed at decreasing the total volume of downlinked engineering telemetry by reducing the frequency of downlink and the volume of data received per pass. Cost savings are achieved by reducing the amount of routine telemetry processing and analysis performed by ground staff. The technology is required for upcoming NASA missions to Pluto, Europa, and possibly some other missions. With beacon monitoring, the spacecraft will assess its own health and will transmit one of four beacon messages each representing a unique frequency tone to inform the ground how urgent it is to track the spacecraft for telemetry. If all conditions are nominal, the tone provides periodic assurance to ground personnel that the mission is proceeding as planned without having to receive and analyze downlinked telemetry. If there is a problem, the tone will indicate that tracking is required and the resulting telemetry will contain a concise summary of what has occurred since the last telemetry pass. The primary components of the technology are a tone monitoring technology, Al-based software for onboard engineering data summarization, and a ground response system. In addition, there is a ground visualization system for telemetry summaries. This paper includes a description of the Beacon monitor concept, the trade-offs with adapting that concept as a technology experiment, the current state of the resulting implementation on DS1, and our lessons learned during the initial checkout phase of the mission. Applicability to future missions is also included.
Waterborne Viruses: A Barrier to Safe Drinking Water.

1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 2 Safe Global Water Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 4 Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 5 College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
Survival, function, and hemolysis of shed red blood cells processed as nonwashed blood and washed red blood cells.

Abstract Background . Shed nonwashed blood and shed washed red blood cells (RBC) are being used as alternatives to allogeneic liquid-preserved RBC for patients during thoracic and cardiovascular surgical procedures. Methods . Mongrel dogs were bled a volume of blood into the abdominal cavity and the shed blood was reinfused as nonwashed blood or washed RBC. The 51 Cr RBC volumes were measured before, immediately after, and 24 hours after the exchange transfusion to assess the recovery of the shed RBC and the 24-hour posttransfusion survival. Compatible dogs were given allogeneic transfusions of 51 Cr-labeled nonwashed blood and washed RBC, and 24-hour posttransfusion survival and half-life were measured. Results . Immediately after the 100% exchange transfusion, the recovery value was 62% for the nonwashed shed blood and 82% for the washed RBC. Both the nonwashed blood and the washed RBC had 24-hour posttransfusion survival values of 90% and normal oxygen transport function after the exchange transfusion. Compatible allogeneic 51 Cr-labeled nonwashed blood and washed RBC had normal 24-hour posttranfusion survival and 51 Cr half-life values. Conclusions . The survival, function, and hemolysis of shed nonwashed blood and shed washed RBC were similar to fresh blood in the dog that underwent a 100% exchange transfusion.
Nursing care of the adoption triad.

PURPOSE: This study describes the practice settings and interventions of nurses who care for members of the adoption triad (AT; birth parents, adoptive parents, child). DESIGN AND METHODS: A 28-item, descriptive, cross-sectional survey was used. FINDINGS: Ninety-seven (97) nurses provided complete (65) or partial (32) responses. Most frequently reported practice settings were labor, delivery or postpartum unit, and pediatrics. Assessed needs varied by AT members. However, interventions for all members of the triad included emotional support and therapeutic communication. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The unique placement of advanced practice nurses in various clinical settings allows for contact with members of the AT in vulnerable and crisis periods.
“PUBLIC’ WORK AND SOCIAL PARTICIPATION:

The impact of labor force participation by women on their social activism is examined using data gathered in a study of 695 North Carolina farm families. The traditional gender division of labor into “instrumental’ (male) and “expressive’ (female) activism breaks down when women take off-farm jobs. Their rates of activism in instrumental organizations move closer to those of men. Labor force participation by women also reduces the impact of the husband on the wife's activism.
Section 16(b) and its Limitations Period: the Case for Equitable Tolling.

This coming term, in Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC v. Simmonds,the Supreme Court will explore the contours of the limitation period for the private right of action under Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Limitations periods mitigate the risk that evidence of meritorious claims will become stale and relieve potential defendants from unending uncertainty about whether they will be brought into court. The appropriate limitation period must be balanced, however, against allowing potential plaintiffs sufficient time to discover and file meritorious claims. This balance is manifest in the judicial and congressional effort to fashion limitation periods for private rights of action under the securities laws.The Supreme Court has already made several attempts to strike the appropriate balance in its interpretation of the statute of limitations for securities fraud claims under Section 10(b) of the 1934 Act. Now, the Court will endeavor to strike a balance for the private right of action under Section 16(b) in Simmonds. The Court will address whether the two-year limitation period for claims to recover shortswing profits under Section 16(b) is subject to tolling, and if so, whether the defendant's failure to file necessary disclosures under Section 16(a) tolls that time. This Article argues that tolling is consistent with the statutory text, Supreme Court precedent, and the overarching purpose of the prohibition on insider short-swing trading.
A multivariate investigation of dating aggression

This study investigated the following variables for their unique and combined contributions to dating aggression: exposure to aggression in the family of origin (witnessing interparental aggression or being the victim of aggressive parenting); attitudes justifying dating aggression (when humiliated or in selfdefense); child-to-parent aggression; child sexual abuse; violent sexual victimization; alcohol use; and socioeconomic status. One hundred and eleven male and 179 female undergraduates reported on their own aggressive behaviors directed toward dating partners. Together, the predictor variables accounted for 41% of the variance in male-to-female aggression but only 16% of the female-to-male aggression. Humiliation, as a justification for dating aggression, contributes to the prediction of both males' and females' dating aggression, while self-defense, although a highly endorsed condition for justifying dating aggression, does not predict actual aggressive behavior. Exposure to interparental aggression plus the product between exposure and humiliation contribute to the prediction of males' dating aggression but exposure does not play a role in females' dating aggression. Violent sexual victimization contributes unique variance to both males' and females' dating aggression. The present data highlight the importance of examining specific circumstances under which males and females justify dating aggression and how such attitudes condoning aggression affect actual behaviors.
Comparison of the texture evolution of direct chill and continuous cast AA5052 hot bands during isothermal annealing

As-received commercial direct chill cast (DC) and continous cast (CC) AA5052 hot bands were isothermally annealed at different temperatures. The variations of electrical resistivity, hardness, microstructure, and texture of these hot bands during annealing were examined. Texture was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The variation in texture volume fractions with annealing time was quantitatively analyzed by the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation. The orientation maps of the partially and fully recrystallized samples were characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). It was found that electrical resistivity of the CC AA5052 hot band was higher than that of the DC AA5052 hot band. The electrical resistivity of CC AA5052 decreased more significantly than that of DC AA5052 during isothermal annealing. The DC AA5052 hot band was more easily recrystallized than CC AA5052 hot band during annealing. After complete recrystallization, DC AA5052 hot band possessed a stronger cube texture than the CC AA5052 hot band. The texture evolutions of DC and CC AA5052 can be expressed quantitatively by the JMAK equation after the volume fractions of the texture components are calculated by an improved integration method. Annealing temperature had an influence on the n values in the JMAK-type equations. The n values are small at low annealing temperatures.
The phosphine abundance on Saturn derived from new 10-micrometer spectra

Abstract Spectra of Saturn in the spectral region 10.0–10.7 μm are presented which confirm the presence of PH3. Comparison to synthetic spectra indicates a PH3 mixing ratio of at least 2 × 10−6. No spectral features due to NH3 or C2H4 were observed.
Influence of Milking Frequency on Productive and Reproductive Efficiencies of Dairy Cows

Abstract Thirty-four mature Holstein cows were blocked into two groups on their 305-day, twice daily milked, mature equivalent milk production of the previous lactation; groups were assigned at random to a twice or thrice daily milking frequency. In addition, six pairs of paternal half-sisters and one pair of nonsibling heifers also were assigned to twice daily or thrice daily milking frequency. Half-sisters were assigned to milking frequency on alternate calvings, and the nonsibling pair was assigned at random. Milk production peaked at 6 wk lactation in mature cows in both treatments, at 7 wk for cows in first lactation milked twice daily, and at 9 wk for cows in first lactation milked thrice daily. Cows milked thrice daily reached higher peak milk production and were more persistent in milk production. Multiparous and first-lactation cows milked thrice daily produced 18.5 and 25.2% more milk than their counter-parts milked twice daily, and after 15 wk heifers milked thrice daily were producing more milk per day than mature cows milked twice daily. The combined increased average production for cows and heifers milked thrice daily, 1299 kg, required only 92 kg more dry matter intake and resulted in an apparent preferential utilization of feed nutrients for milk production or higher rate of tissue catabolism in cows milked thrice daily. Milk composition was not influenced by milking frequency; total milk fat was 36 kg more for cows milked thrice daily. Reproductive performance measured as days to first estrus, days open, or services per conception also was not influenced by milking frequency.
Satisfaction with life among veterans with spinal cord injuries completing multidisciplinary rehabilitation.

Satisfaction with life among veterans with spinal cord injuries completing multidisciplinary rehabilitation
Does weight-bearing exercise affect non-weight-bearing bone?

It was previously reported that weight-bearing exercise increases femur periosteal formation in 3-year-old, 230 kg cross-bred sows. To determine if this weight-bearing exercise also stimulated non-weight-bearing bone, bone formation in the seventh rib from these same sows was measured histomorphometrically on the periosteal, endocortical, and osteonal envelopes. The sows were randomly assigned by body weight to basal (B, n = 6), control (C, n = 7), or trained (T, n = 7) groups. After 3 weeks of exercise adaptation, T walked on a treadmill for 17 weeks at 5 km/h, 20 minutes/day, 5 days/week, at 5% grade. Groups were sacrificed initially (B) or after 20 weeks (C and T). Periosteal mineral apposition rate (MAR) was calculated over 136 days. Osteonal and endocortical MAR were calculated over the 14 days prior to sacrifice. There were no effects of exercise on the periosteal or endocortical percentage double-labeled surface (dLS/BS), osteonal remodeling frequency (N.dL.On/B.Ar), or MAR in any bone envelope of the rib. In conclusion, weight-bearing exercise sufficient to stimulate periosteal formation in the femur did not activate formation in the rib. Bone response to weight-bearing exercise appears to be specific to the loaded bones.
Respiratory infection and coronary heart disease: progression of a paradigm.

We have developed a previously published paradigm concerning causation of coronary heart disease, based on the probability that the fundamental cause is a microbe, probably Chlamydia pneumoniae , and that the progress of the disease is influenced by number of accelerating and inhibiting factors. We propose that cigarette smoking acts via respiratory infection, this itself being influenced by immunocompetence resulting from sunlight exposure. We also propose an immuno‐enhancing effect of oestrogen and an anti‐inflammatory effect of statin therapy. In respect of the geographical variation of coronary heart disease, we emphasize that this must be viewed as part of the bigger picture of a high mortality from all causes in countries of North‐west Europe that have a particularly low level of sunlight exposure. Finally, we draw attention to the Albanian, French, Italian, Northern Ireland and Scottish paradoxes which should lead to a major review of the conventional wisdom concerning the aetiogenesis of coronary heart disease.
Retention in depression treatment among ethnic and racial minority groups in the United States.

Background: Premature discontinuation of psychiatric treatment among ethnic–racial minorities is a persistent concern. Previous research on identifying factors associated with ethnic–racial disparities in depression treatment has been limited by the scarcity of national samples with adequate representation of minority groups and especially non-English speakers. In this article, we aim to identify variations in the likelihood of retention in depression treatment among ethnic–racial minority groups in the United States as compared to non-Latino whites. Second, we aim to identify the factors that are related to treatment retention. Methods: We use data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys to examine differences and correlates of depression treatment retention among a representative sample (n=564) of non-Latino whites, Latinos, African-American, and Asian respondents with last 12-month depressive disorder and who report receiving formal mental health treatment in the last year. We define retention as attending at least four visits or remaining in treatment during a 12-month period. Results: Being seen by a mental health specialist as opposed to being seen by a generalist and having received medication are correlates of treatment retention for the entire sample. However, after adjusting for demographics, clinical factors including number of co-occurring psychiatric disorders and level of disability, African-Americans are significantly less likely to be retained in depression treatment as compared to non-Latino whites. Conclusions: Availability of specialized mental health services or comparable treatment within primary care could improve treatment retention. Low retention suggests persistent problems in the delivery of depression treatment for African-Americans. Depression and Anxiety, 2010.© 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Collisional Excitation of Interstellar Molecules: Deuterated Water, HDO

Using an accurate theoretical interacting potential and coupled-channel molecular scattering calculations, excitation rates for deuterated water (HDO) in collisions with He atoms were computed. Data are presented for rates among the 34 rotational levels with energy below 400/cm for temperatures between 50 and 500 K. Excitation rate constants were determined using data from fixed energy cross sections averaged over thermal (Boltzmann) distributions of collision energies. Based on the agreement (for H2O) of rates from two different theoretical potentials and on agreement with the limited experimental data, the larger rates for HDO were estimated to be generally accurate to better than 50 percent.