cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(Re)Constructing and (Re)Locating Guam: Chamorro Millennials, Ethnolinguistic Identities, and Prospects for Language and Cultural Maintenance in the Diaspora

This paper examines the ethnolinguistic identities and ideologies about language and cultural maintenance for a small group of Chamorro Millennials in the diaspora. Findings include the reconstruction of the meanings of the terms “Chamorro” and “Guamanian,” sustained cultural connections to Guam, mixed and intergenerational identities, and the links between language and identity. We also discuss specific Chamorro lexicon that were brought up by participants. We argue that selectively holding on to language and culture allows this specific subgroup of the Chamorro diaspora to (re)construct, (re)locate, and reconnect with their heritage language and culture in contemporary ways.
Personalized Medicine in the Wearable Era: Translational Barriers and Call to Action

Preventive medicine is heading towards a more personalized future; adjusting care based on the individual needs of the patient. This future is enabled by wearable devices: not just smartwatches, but devices embedded in clothing, necklaces, and other gadgets that will one day invisibly, continuously, and effortlessly monitor and understand the health and wellbeing of a patient in perpetuity. However, this future is not yet translating from engineering to medicine, because of a tendency to treat patients as a monolithic group, and the lack of willpower to study users in the wild. These failures cause us to miss interesting behaviors and features of patients who have unique personalities, habits, medical histories, and medical needs, potentially hurting their quality of care. We believe that the technology is available to make personalized, specialized health platforms keyed to a single person's habits, needs, and identity that is both easy to wear and fully functional. In this vision paper, we discuss a new approach to preventive, personal medicine with wearables, and outline confounding factors and applications in line with our vision.
Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia

Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia [FNAIT] is a rare but potentially devastating condition that occurs when mothers form alloantibodies to paternally inherited fetal platelet antigens (often members of a human platelet antigen group). Unlike hemolytic disease of the newborn and fetus due to maternal erythrocyte alloantibodies, FNAIT commonly occurs during a mother’s very first pregnancy and thus is not realized until the birth of an affected child. Affected fetuses and neonates can suffer from mucocutaneous bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, and even death. These same anti-platelet alloantibodies can also cause post-transfusion purpura, a rare transfusion reaction that causes isolated, unexplained, and profound thrombocytopenia several days after a blood transfusion (usually after receiving a non-platelet blood product). Post-transfusion purpura also inexplicably involves the destruction of the recipient’s own native platelets and has a 5–10% mortality rate from bleeding complications.
Quantitative Study of In Vivo Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis Using Matrigel-Based Assays

Neovascularization, the formation of new blood vessels, is critical for various physiological and pathological events such as wound repair and tumor growth as well as for functional tissue engineering as it ensures proper nutrient and oxygen supply to newly forming tissues. Neovascularization can occur via angiogenesis, where new capillaries sprout from pre-existing vessels, and/or vasculogenesis, where endothelial cells spontaneously self-assemble into vascular structures. Because neovascularization is the rate-limiting step in new tissue formation, there is great interest in developing robust quantitative approaches that facilitate greater understanding of this complex process. Matrigel-based assays are particularly useful for studying neovascularization as it provides a more natural environment for endothelial cell recruitment and capillary formation. In addition, Matrigel-based assays are reproducible and easy to perform when compared to other available in vivo angiogenesis assays. We have recently developed a novel matrigel assay that permits quantification of the endogenous angiogenic response in vivo by determining the number of recruited endothelial cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We have also developed a technique to quantitatively evaluate vasculogenesis where endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells are suspended together in Matrigel prior to subcutaneous injection and vascular network formation is quantitatively analyzed from whole-mount confocal images of lectin-perfused Matrigel implants. Here, we outline the utility of these Matrigel assays for quantitative analyses of both angiogenic response and vasculogenesis and provide a detailed description of the methodology involved.
Older Americans Need To Make Every Calorie Count

ing energy needs mean they must eat better while eating less. USDA food consumption survey data indicate that most older Americans are having trouble fitting the recommended number of daily food group servings into their decreased “calorie budgets.” While the basic nutrition advice in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Food Guide Pyramid applies to healthy adults of all ages, the elderly face some special challenges, particularly declining energy (calorie) needs as metabolism slows down. For some older adults, decreased physical activity may further reduce energy needs, although the Dietary Guidelines emphasize that healthy seniors, just like younger adults, should be physically active each day. Because the amount of food they can eat while maintaining calorie balance is more limited than when they were younger, older individuals must choose wisely, selecting nutrient-dense foods and limiting “extras.” To help older adults and others visualize what this means, researchers at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University created an “elderly pyramid” that is narrower than the Food Guide Pyramid for the general population (see box). The more narrow shape of the elderly pyramid indicates that most individuals age 70 and older should choose the smaller numbers of servings within the range recommended by the Food Guide Pyramid. A more quantitative way of providing food choice guidance would be to compute benchmark food densities for younger and older men and women. A benchmark food density is the number of servings per 1,000 calories an individual consuming a given number of calories would need to consume to meet the Food Guide Pyramid recommendations. For example, a person who consumes 2,200 calories daily should consume four servings of vegetables, according to the Food Guide Pyramid. This consumption level would translate into a benchmark density of 1.8 servings of vegetables per 1,000 calories. Data from USDA’s Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994-96 (CSFII 1994-96) were used to examine food intakes of younger men and women, age 1959, and seniors, age 60 and older. Survey respondents lived in household settings, not in institutional settings, such as nursing homes. Data were collected from a nationwide sample, yielding results representative of the noninstitutionalized American population. The survey collected information on what, when, where, and how much individuals ate during the 3-year survey period. We used 1-day dietary intake data from this survey to examine how much younger and
H2 Guaranteed Cost Control in Track-Following Servos

This chapter presents two newcontrol synthesis approaches for dual-stage track-following servo systems. Both approaches are based on Open image in new window guaranteed cost analysis, in which an upper bound on the worst-case Open image in new window performance of a discretetime system with gain-bounded unstructured causal LTI uncertainty is determined by solving either a semi-definite program (SDP) or several Riccati equations. We review the results of a paper on Open image in new window guaranteed cost analysis and a paper on optimal full information Open image in new window guaranteed cost control and then use these results to develop two output feedback control synthesis approaches. The first approach is based entirely on the solution of SDPs whereas the second approach exploits Riccati equation structure to reduce the number and complexity of the SDPs that need to be solved. Throughout the paper, we apply the analysis and control techniques to a hard disk drive model with a PZT-actuated suspension and demonstrate that the approaches that exploit Riccati equation structure are faster and at least as accurate as their SDP counterparts.
A World Wide Web of Citizenship

Liav Orgad offers a characteristically insightful and provocative speculation on how novel technologies will facilitate global citizenship. Global interconnectedness is transforming individual identity composites to include transnational elements, and the migration of identity is, as Orgad argues, establishing more pervasive understandings of global responsibility. Along these three dimensions of interconnectedness, identity, and responsibility, we are assimilating an understanding of global citizenship. A recent worldwide poll found that a majority of respondents consider themselves more global citizens than citizens of their own countries.
The Postcranial Morphology of Ptilocercus lowii (Scandentia, Tupaiidae): An Analysis of Primatomorphan and Volitantian Characters

The eutherian orders Scandentia, Primates, Dermoptera, and Chiroptera have been grouped together by many morphologists, using various methods and data sets, into the cohort Archonta. Molecular evidence, however, has supported a clade (called Euarchonta) that includes Scandentia, Primates, and Dermoptera, but not Chiroptera. Within Archonta, some systematists have grouped Dermoptera and Chiroptera in Volitantia, while others have grouped Dermoptera and Primates in Primatomorpha. The order Scandentia includes the single family Tupaiidae, with two subfamilies, Ptilocercinae and Tupaiinae. Ptilocercinae is represented only by Ptilocercus lowii, which has been said to be the taxon most closely approximating the ancestral tupaiid. However, most researchers working on archontan phylogeny typically do not treat the order Scandentia as being polymorphic. They usually use Tupaia to represent Scandentia, despite the fact that Ptilocercus is quite distinct from Tupaia and has been argued to be the more plesiomorphic of the two taxa. In this study, a character analysis was performed on postcranial features that have been used to support the competing Primatomorpha and Volitantia hypotheses. In recognition of the polymorphic nature of Scandentia, taxonomic sampling within Scandentia was increased to include Ptilocercus. The postcranium of Ptilocercus was compared to that of tupaiines, euprimates, plesiadapiforms, dermopterans, and chiropterans. Several character states used to support either Primatomorpha or Volitantia, while not found in Tupaia, were found in Ptilocercus. While these features may have evolved independently in Ptilocercus, it is perhaps more likely that they represent features that first evolved in the ancestral archontan and were then lost in one of the extant orders. This character analysis greatly reduces the supportive evidence for the Primatomorpha hypothesis.
Volunteerism, Alcohol Beliefs, and First-Year College Students' Drinking Behaviors: Implications for Prevention.

First-year students of traditional college age often drink irresponsibly, especially if they believe that alcohol use is integral to the college experience. Individuals who subscribe to this view embrace their transitional status, recognize that they have relatively few role obligations, and thus regard the college years as the timeframe for drinking. Volunteerism, which places additional constraints on students’ behaviors by facilitating their integration into mature adult society and increasing social responsibility, may be an avenue for reducing levels of alcohol consumption among this subgroup. Numerous studies have found an inverse relationship between involvement in service and levels of alcohol consumption among college undergraduates. Data from a prospective survey administered to a cohort of first-year students of traditional college age at the beginning, and again at the end of the fall semester, was used to assess the relationship between volunteerism, alcohol beliefs, and drinking behavior (n = 423). Zero inflated negative binomial regressions indicated that alcohol beliefs moderated the effects of participation in volunteer/service activities on the frequency of alcohol use and heavy drinking. In particular, there was a strong negative relationship between volunteerism and heavy drinking among first-year students who believed that the use of alcohol was integral to the college experience. This suggests that engaging first-year students with permissive alcohol beliefs in service activities is a way to curb their drinking early, by the end of the first college semester, before it becomes a more long-term pattern.
A fern WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene functions in both gametophyte and sporophyte generations

Post-embryonic growth of land plants originates from meristems. Genetic networks in meristems maintain the stem cells and direct acquisition of cell fates. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factors involved in meristem networks have only been functionally characterized in two evolutionarily distant taxa, mosses and seed plants. This report characterizes a WOX gene in a fern, which is located phylogenetically between the two taxa. CrWOXB transcripts were detected in proliferating tissues, including gametophyte and sporophyte meristems of Ceratopteris richardii. In addition, CrWOXB is expressed in archegonia but not the antheridia of gametophytes. Suppression of CrWOXB expression in wild-type RN3 plants by RNAi produced abnormal morphologies of gametophytes and sporophytes. The gametophytes of RNAi lines produced fewer cells, and fewer female gametes compared to wild-type. In the sporophyte generation, RNAi lines produced fewer leaves, pinnae, roots and lateral roots compared to wild-type sporophytes. Our results suggest that CrWOXB functions to promote cell divisions and organ development in the gametophyte and sporophyte generations, respectively. CrWOXB is the first intermediate-clade WOX gene shown to function in both generations in land plants.
A Square-Shaped Omnidirectional Wireless Charing Bowl with a Double Layer Electromagnetic Shield for Portable Device Applications

This paper presents a square-shaped omnidirectional wireless charging bowl with a double layer electromagnetic shield. The proposed transmitter coils structure achieves spatially uniform coupling coefficient with a receiver coil. Hence, it can uniformly charge a receiver device efficiently. A double layer shield structure, including a magnetic layer and a conductive layer, is first applied in a three dimensional charging setup to reduce the stray magnetic field. A comprehensive parametric analysis of this shield structure is conducted by a Finite Element Analysis software. The impact of the thickness and permeability/conductivity of each layer on the field distribution is evaluated respectively. A wireless charging bowl with the double layer shield is built successfully and the effectiveness of the shield is verified by measurement results. The system efficiency of charging a 5 W smart phone receiver is 78 % at 6.78 MHz.
Follow Me: The Use of Social Media in Recruitment

The use of social media in the human resource arena continues to increase including a growing use of the internet for prescreening applicants during the recruitment process. With so many diverse social networking websites applicants use today, we explored how the social media phenomena affects employee recruitment. This study explored the effects of an applicant’s use of social media on the recruiter’s perception of the candidate and the overall impact on candidate selection. Using a survey method, information was gathered from human resources professionals from a variety of industries. Results support that social media impacts an applicant’s impression formation in the recruitment process, specifically that organization fit and recruiter perceived interpersonal skills in relation to social networking websites is highly correlated.
International Trade Policy Preferences: The Impact of Patriotism and Nationalism Pre- and Post-9/11

This paper provides new evidence supporting the hypothesis that patriotism and nationalism influence personal trade policy preferences in addition to the typical economic determinants. It also examines the interaction of the 9/11 terrorist attacks along with patriotism and nationalism on policy preferences. Using the Heckscher-Ohlin model as a theoretical framework, ordered probit estimations were applied to survey responses from an International Social Survey Program survey question about preferences towards limiting imports. Extensions of the model were sequentially estimated to investigate the impact of national identity on policy preferences. The model was augmented to test how feelings of nationalism and patriotism influenced personal trade policy preferences. Data from the International Social Survey Program surveys administered in 1995/1996 and 2003/2004 also allowed us to reflect on the impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on trade preferences in the U.S. We found that prior to the 9/11 attacks, nationalism was associated with increased inclinations towards limiting imports while patriotism had no statistically significant impact on trade preferences. The 9/11 attacks made U.S. survey respondents less open to imports. Further, the 9/11 attacks served to reduce the impact of nationalism on the tendency to limit imports while it enhanced the desire to do so through patriotism.
Cohesive Crack Model with Rate-Dependent Opening and Viscoelasticity: II. Numerical Algorithm, Behavior and Size Effect

In the preceding companion paper (Bažant and Li, 1995), the solution of an aging viscoelastic law was structure containing a cohesive crack with a rate-dependent stress-displacement softening law was reduced to a system of one-dimensional integro-differential equations involving compliance functions for points on the crack faces and the load point. An effective numerical algorithm for solving these equations, which dramatically reduces the computer time compared to the general two-dimensional finite element solution, is presented. The behavior of the model for various loading conditions is studied. It is shown that the model can closely reproduce the available experimental data from fracture tests with different loading rates spanning several orders of magnitude, and tests with sudden changes of the loading rate. Influence of the loading rate on the size effect and brittleness is also analyzed and is shown to agree with experiments.
Authoritarian Populism and the Discourse of “the People” in the Turkish Islamist Media: The Case of Yeni Şafak

The expression “the people” became an epicenter of media debates during Turkey’s June 2018 national elections and its transition from parliamentary to presidential governance. Through qualitative and semiotic analysis of primary sources (newspaper stories, op-eds, columns, and editorials), this study investigates political rhetoric and the concept of “the people” in Turkish Islamist print media, particularly the progovernment Turkish daily Yeni Safak . This article brings to light how a contested meaning of the concept “the people” was featured in the daily in the midst of rival, polarizing populist discourses during the 2018 national elections in Turkey. The analysis reveals that Yeni Safak articulated views representing populism and the ethos of political Islam in the media ideology—an ambiguous and equivocal systemic worldview of media institutions grounded in a greater system of beliefs and processes naturalized as social reality. As a result, Yeni Safak created unyielding divides in the society and served the production, dissemination, and mobilization of the populist discourse of the ruling party constellated around the politics of the definition of “the people.”
Patients with perceived high-bleeding risk and computerized decision support for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: an AF-ALERT substudy : Piazza: outcomes of high-bleeding risk AF patients.

A perceived increased risk of bleeding is one of the most frequent reasons for withholding anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). We previously conducted a randomized controlled trial of alert-based computerized decision support to increase prescription of anticoagulation in hospitalized patients with AF. To determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of those patients whose inpatient health care providers received a computer alert, we analyzed all 248 patients in the alert group. Patients for whom providers elected to omit anticoagulation and provided a rationale of a perceived high risk of bleeding were compared with those who were not designated as high-risk. Perceived high risk of bleeding was the most common reason (77%) for omitting anticoagulation. Median HAS-BLED scores were similar in these patients compared with those who were not deemed to have an increased bleeding risk (3 vs. 3, p = 0.44). Despite being categorized as too high-risk for bleeding to receive antithrombotic therapy at the time of the alert, nearly 12% of these patients were ultimately prescribed anticoagulation by 90 days. The frequency of major and clinically-relevant non-major bleeding was similar between the groups. The frequency of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or systemic embolic event was similar in both groups (10.2% vs. 12.4%, p = 0.59). In conclusion, a perceived high risk of bleeding was the most common reason for omission of anticoagulation in patients with AF after a computerized alert. Perceived high risk of bleeding was not reflected in a higher HAS-BLED score. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02339493 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02339493 In a randomized controlled trial of computerized decision support to increase prescription of antithrombotic therapy in hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), a perceived high risk of bleeding was the most common reason (77%) for omitting antithrombotic therapy after an on-screen alert. Median HAS-BLED scores were similar in these patients compared with those who were not deemed to have an increased bleeding risk (3 vs. 3, p = 0.44). Despite being categorized as too high-risk for bleeding to receive antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention at the time of the alert, nearly 12% of these patients were ultimately prescribed anticoagulation over the ensuing 90 days.
Cross-Sectional Association Between Lifetime Use of Electronic Cigarettes With or Without Marijuana and Self-Reported Past 12-Month Respiratory Symptoms as well as Lifetime Respiratory Diseases in U.S. Adults.

Introduction The use of electronic cigarettes (vaping), especially with marijuana, has become increasingly popular among adults. Aims and methods The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study Wave 4 data on 33 606 adult participants who indicated ever using electronic cigarettes were included in the study. By controlling for confounding variables (such as age and smoking history), multivariable weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional association between lifetime e-cigarette use with or without marijuana and self-reported past 12-month respiratory symptoms as well as lifetime respiratory diseases. Results Compared to adults who never vaped, adults who had ever vaped with marijuana had a significantly higher association with self-reported past 12-month respiratory symptoms but not lifetime respiratory diseases. Compared to adults who had ever vaped without marijuana, adults who had ever vaped at least sometimes with marijuana had a significantly greater risk of having wheezing/whistling in the chest (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.44), chest sounded wheezy during or after exercise (aOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.31, 1.93), and had a dry cough at night (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.57), while adults who had ever vaped rarely with marijuana had a significantly greater risk of having wheezing/whistling in the chest (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.61), chest sounded wheezy during or after exercise (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.52), and had a dry cough at night (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.47). Conclusions Lifetime e-cigarette use with marijuana is associated with self-reported past 12-month respiratory symptoms in adults. Implications The use of e-cigarettes with marijuana has become prevalent in recent years. Our cross-sectional study suggests that there may be respiratory health symptoms associated with ever vaping with marijuana that is independent of nicotine vaping, which should raise public awareness of potential health risks associated with the use of e-cigarettes with marijuana. Further longitudinal studies on the respiratory health effects of e-cigarette use with marijuana are warranted.
HARC: A Heterogeneous Array of Redundant Persistent Clocks for Batteryless, Intermittently-Powered Systems

Batteryless sensing devices powered solely by ambient energy sources are expected to operate in an intermittent manner, since they do not have a predictable, or even continuous, energy supply. When such an intermittent system is powered off, it cannot keep track of time using conventional means. However, a continuous sense of time is critical for any system running real-time or time-sensitive applications. In this paper, we present HARC (Heterogeneous Array of Redundant Persistent Clocks), a novel solution to the problem of timekeeping for batteryless, intermittently-powered systems. HARC uses a heterogeneous, redundant array of capacitor-based persistent clocks that each decay in parallel, but at different rates, to provide variation-resilient high accuracy over a wide range of power off-times. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of HARC using experimental evaluations on a HARC prototype, and trace-based simulations of HARC-supported communication directly between two devices intermittently-powered by RF harvesting.
Injuries from Less-Lethal Weapons during the George Floyd Protests in Minneapolis.

Injuries from Less-lethal Weapons during the George Floyd Protests In this analysis involving patients treated in Minnesota during protests after George Floyd’s death, 89 patients were identified w...
A Methodology for Evaluating the Cost‐Effectiveness of Alternative Management Tools in Public‐Sector Institutions: An Application to Public Education

ABSTRACT: The shift toward performance budgeting and outcome measures for public‐sector institutions in recent decades has created a need to formally link inputs consumed and outcomes achieved. Given the inherent problems of cost accounting systems in public‐sector institutions, we propose a statistical approach to identify the most cost‐effective management tools that also recognize the endogeneity between costs and outcomes. The model developed allows for the examination of possible trade‐offs that can be exercised by public‐sector institutions facing multiple stakeholders with conflicting objectives. Using public schools in New Jersey and a set of variables identified from the education economics literature, we estimate cost and outcome functions to demonstrate empirically the choices made by school district superintendents that trade off the interests of various stakeholders, while seeking to meet the core objectives of the institutions. Our empirical results provide insight on the variables controlla...
Abstract 12677: Impaired Cardiomyocyte Contractility to Angiotensin-(1-12) in a Humanized Angiotensinogen Model of Hypertension

Background: Angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)] is a chymase-dependent source for Angiotensin II (Ang II) inotropic activity that may be impaired in a model of sustained hypertension with high cardiac ...
Factors predicting postoperative complications following spinal fusions in children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to review the postoperative complications after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in cerebral palsy (CP) scoliosis and identify the predictive preoperative risk factors. Methods All PSFs consecutively performed for CP scoliosis between 2004 and 2013 were reviewed. Preoperative risk score (ORS) and postoperative complications score (POCS) were used as measures of all recorded preoperative risk factors and postoperative complications, respectively. Results The review included 303 children with a mean age of 14.6 ± 3.0 years. Mean hospitalization was 16 days. Dependence on G-tube feeding was associated with higher POCS (P = 0.027). Postoperative fever, seizures, and septicemia were associated with higher ORS (P\0.01). Specifically, postoperative pancreatitis and deep wound infections were more common in children with G-tube. Conclusion This study suggests that G-tube dependence is a predictive risk factor of complications after PSF in CP scoliosis. Children with G-tube need special perioperative care. No other specific preoperative risk factor predicted postoperative complications.
Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in dogs with pemphigus foliaceus with and without vasculopathic lesions: an evaluation of 41 cases.

BACKGROUND Concurrent vasculopathic lesions in dogs with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) have been observed anecdotally yet not reported in the literature. Any association with prognosis is unclear. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To compare clinical features and outcome of PF in dogs with and without vasculopathic lesions. ANIMALS Archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of 41 dogs with PF. METHODS AND MATERIALS Archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples with a histological diagnosis of PF were selected and re-evaluated independently. Dogs were assigned to groups following histological evaluation: Group 1 (no vasculopathic lesions) and Group 2 (vasculopathic lesions present). Group 2 was subdivided into Group 2a (vasculopathic lesions without vasculitis - i.e. vasculopathy) and Group 2b (overt vasculitis). Medical records from identified cases were reviewed retrospectively for data on clinical presentation, treatment and outcome. RESULTS Time to remission was longer in Group 2b (93.8 days) compared to Group 1 (41.8 days) (P = 0.047). Dogs in groups 2a and 2b were more likely to have systemic signs of illness at presentation (P = 0.028 and P = 0.032, respectively) compared to Group 1. Dogs in Group 2b were more likely to have adverse effects associated with treatment than dogs in Group 1 (P = 0.004). There were no significant differences in lesion type, distribution, rates of remission, recurrence or corticosteroid dosage between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dogs with PF and concurrent vasculitis took longer to achieve remission and were more likely to have systemic signs of illness or adverse effects associated with treatment than dogs with PF without concurrent vasculopathic lesions.
The Best Specimen of a Tyrant: The Ambitious Dr. Abraham Van Norstrand and the Wisconsin Insane Hospital

Review of: "The Best Specimen of a Tyrant: The Ambitious Dr. Abraham Van Norstrand and the Wisconsin Insane Hospital," by Ellen Dwyer.
Catalog Shopping: Problems and Prospects in Small Communities

Catalog shopping is on the increase and may represent a significant problem for retailers in small communities in the form of retail sales leakage. This paper compared catalog shoppers and catalog nonshoppers from a small community in terms of their patronage motives, socioeconomic characteristics, and how they perceived the local shopping conditions. Implications for local retailers and catalog retailers are suggested.
The Battlefields of KwaZulu Natal and the Revision of South African History.

Thus begins The Reader’s Digest History of South Africa: The Real Story (1989), the first and most widely read revision of South African history to appear under apartheid. Lamenting the absence of moments of shared pride, the editors of the volume saw their contribution to be a revision of the past to provide such moments. Yet first they had to rediscover history, to write history where the slate had been intentionally wiped clean. Just as the 19th century Boer pioneers, the voortrekkers, pushed their way into the present KwaZulu-Natal, claiming it to be empty of man and civilization, the apartheid history of South Africa had been written on a blank and seemingly virgin tablet. Though subject to contestation within the white community, the narrative served to legitimize and reinforce white rule. It told of enlightened intervention in a dark and benighted hinterland, the inscription of civilization over savagery and unsettled lands. Driven by the British imperialists and led forward into the hinterland by God, the Boers came upon the rich veld inhabited by naught but the cruel Zulu, who succumbed to the superior arms and strategies of the Europeans. This narrative, passed along in oral histories, recorded in school textbooks, and frozen in the white marble of the Voortrekker Monument, survived many generations and retellings. It served as a myth of origin and mission for the Afrikaans-speaking white population and was, in fact, the sole history of the South African republic. There is, of course, some debate over how much revision the voortrekker legend needs. The most radical suggestion, made in the months after the changeover of power and bandied about in the conversations of white residents of KwaZulu-Natal, was to melt down the sixty-four bronze wagons of the famous Blood River Monument. This,
Stimulation of respiration in brown fat cells by epinephrine, dibutyryl-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate, and m-chloro(carbonyl cyanide)phenylhydrazone.

The addition of epinephrine to free brown fat cells obtained by collagenase digestion of rat dorsal interscapular brown adipose tissue concurrently stimulated fatty acid release and respiration after a lag period of about 20 sec. All the effects of epinephrine were mimicked by dibutyryl-3′,5′-AMP. m-Chloro(carbonyl cyanide)phenylhydrazone, a potent uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, stimulated respiration within 5 sec after its addition to fat cells. Epinephrine, theophylline, and dibutyryl-3′,5′-AMP also accelerated respiration in brown fat cells, and addition of m-chloro(carbonyl cyanide)phenylhydrazone with these lipolytic agents did not affect their action on lipolysis or respiration. However, if m-chloro(carbonyl cyanide)phenylhydrazone was added prior to the lipolytic agents, it blocked the stimulation of lipolysis and respiration by theophylline, catecholamine, or dibutyryl-3′,5′-AMP. The lipolytic action of these agents was also inhibited by cyanide. The addition of free fatty acid to the medium did not mimic the stimulation of respiration by catecholamines, despite the fact that at high concentrations of fatty acid the lipolytic action of epinephrine was abolished. All of these results suggest that respiration is coupled to phosphorylation under basal conditions in brown fat cells but that epinephrine stimulates the formation of cyclic AMP which mediates either a direct uncoupling action or an indirect one through stimulation of free fatty acid release.
Genetic Analysis of Lysine Auxotrophs of Staphylococcus aureus

The genetics of lysine biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus was examined by a transductional analysis of lysine auxotrophs. These mutants had previously been grouped according to their biochemical characteristics. The mutant sites appeared to be closely linked. Complementation was observed between different groups but not between mutant strains belonging to the same group. A strain was detected which seemed to have a mutant control region. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that the lysine biosynthetic region functions as an operon.
Improving the Manual on Standards of Child Health Care

It has been one year since the American Academy of Pediatrics published Standards of Child Health Care. During this time, 16,000 copies of this manual have been distributed. The recipients have varied from individual pediatricians to federal government agencies, state departments of health and welfare, and insurance companies. The Subcommittee on Standards of the Council on Pediatric Practice has begun preliminary considerations for revision of the manual. We are eager to learn of the uses to which it has been put as well as comments and criticisms which may be helpful in the revision process.
In Brief: Locating the last Arctic ice refuge

[1] As the Earth's climate warms, Arctic sea ice is melting. Models predict that the Arctic will be nearly ice free in the summer within the next several decades. However, a small amount of ice is likely to remain. Knowing where ice will linger and understanding the patterns of Arctic ice flow could help planners develop protection strategies for fragile ice ecosystems.
Laboratory maintenance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

This unit includes protocols for the laboratory maintenance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including growth on liquid and solid media as well as recommendations for long-term strain storage. Considerations for working with M. tuberculosis at Biosafety Level 3 containment are also discussed.
Initial cos cleavage of bacteriophage λ concatemers requires proheads and gpFI in vivo.

The development of bacteriophage lambda and double-stranded DNA viruses in general involves the convergence of two separate pathways: DNA replication and head assembly. Clearly, packaging will proceed only if an empty capsid shell, the prohead, is present to receive the DNA, but genetic evidence suggests that proheads play another role in the packaging process. For example, lambda phages with an amber mutation in any head gene or in FI, the gene encoding the accessory packaging protein gpFI, are able to produce normal amounts of DNA concatemers but they are not cut, or matured, into unit length chromosomes for packaging. Similar observations have been made for herpes simplex 1 virus. In the case of lambda, a negative model proposes that in the amber phages, unassembled capsid components are inhibitory to maturation, and a positive model suggests that assembled proheads are required for cutting. We tested the negative model by using a deletion mutant devoid of all prohead genes and FI in an in vivo cos cleavage assay; in this deleted phage, the cohesive ends were not cut. When lambda proheads and gpFI were provided in vivo via a second prophage, cutting was restored, and gpFI was required, results that support the positive model. Phage 21 is a sister phage of lambda, and although its capsid proteins share approximately 60% residue identity with lambda's, phage 21 proheads did not restore cutting, even when provided with the accessory protein gpFI. Models for the role of proheads and gpFI in cos cutting are discussed.
Emerging Markets for Ecosystem Services

Summary The papers in this volume examine various aspects of the emerging markets for ecosystem services (watershed services, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity protection) in the Panama Canal Watershed. This introductory chapter provides context by: outlining the questions addressed; describing the structure and underlying framework of this volume and the nature of the course that produced it; and briefly discussing how the limitations of science affect attempts to market ecosystem services.
Intergroup calls of male pig-tailed langurs (Simias concolor)

Pig-tailed langurs (Simias concolor) were observed in the Pagai Islands and in Siberut. They lived in 1-male groups containing from one to five or more females plus their young. Adult males produced loud vocalizations of the sortGautier andGautier (1977) called “type 1 loud calls.” The pig-tailed langur's type 1 loud call (TOLC) was a series of 2 to 25 nasal barks, the loudest of which could be heard for 500 m or more in the rain forest. Exchange of TOLC's between males was the only frequent intergroup interaction. Fifty-one percent of TOLC's were emitted spontaneously, 33% occurred in response to TOLC's of other males, 13% to falling trees, 4% in response to thunder, and 1% during a fight between males of different groups. Although TOLC's occurred throughout the day, they exhibited a bimodal distribution, with a peak of calling early in the morning, and another in late afternoon. Tape-recorded TOLC's played back in the field stimulated males hearing them to emit TOLC's of their own. Barks in experimentally-elicited TOLC's were delivered at a faster rate than barks in other TOLC's were. While TOLC's mediate intergroup communication among males, field playback experiments are needed to truly elucidate their functions.
Trends in overdose deaths after release from state prison, 1999–2009

than CPs in the striatum, orbital frontal cortex and mPFC. Finally, CUs had greater activity in the striatum, rostral PFC and inf. PFC during C–M than M–M, M–C and C–C. Conclusions:We showthat devaluing future rewards in cocaine users is greatest when cocaine is the immediately available reinforcer. Furthermore, cross-commodity devaluing in cocaine users involves the allocation of functional resources towards choosing the presently available cocaine option. Financial support: Supported by NIDA DA040241.
Light intensity alters the allelopathic effects of an exotic invader.

Background: Conditionality in the occurrence or strength of interactions among species yields insight into the relative importance of different ecological factors and provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which organisms interact. Aims: We explored light-dependent conditionality of the allelopathic effects of Centaurea stoebe, an exotic invasive forb in North America, on Koeleria macrantha, a North American native bunchgrass. Methods: We compared the total biomass of K. macrantha competing with C. stoebe in high- and low-light treatments and in substrate with and without activated carbon. Results: Koeleria biomass did not differ in low- and high-light treatments when grown alone and was highly suppressed by C. stoebe in both low and high light; however, high-light activated carbon treatments designed to ameliorate root-mediated allelopathic effects resulted in an almost seven-fold increase in Koeleria mass in comparison to no carbon treatments. Activated carbon had significant but much...
The Total Energy Environment of Severe Storms

Abstract The distribution in time and space of the total specific energy (cpT + gZ + Lq + V2/2) of the environment of severe storms is examined. Comparison of the total energy profiles of tornado proximity soundings with the closest check soundings show pronounced differences. The tornado proximity sounding has substantially higher total energy values in the lower troposphere and lower values in the mid-troposphere than nearby stations. It is shown that the total specific energy may be approximated with negligible error by the static energy (cpT + gZ + Lw) and that this parameter is proportional to isobaric equivalent potential temperature and is similarly conservative. A practical application of these results to severe storm forecasting is given in the form of a “Total Energy Index.” This index is readily and objectively determined from routinely transmitted upper air data. Unlike other widely used stability indices, the Energy Index indicates not only the energy release associated with the ascending, po...
Adsorption of Sodium Poly(styrenesulfonate) to the Air Surface of Water by Neutron and X-ray Reflectivity and Surface Tension Measurements: Polymer Concentration Dependence

The adsorption of the strong polyelectrolyte sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) to the air surface of water was investigated as a function of polymer concentration from the dilute regime to the beginning of the semidilute regime. Detailed segment profiles of the deuterated polymer were determined by neutron reflection (NR). Data were obtained for 0.67 and 2.50 M KCl. For two samples differing widely in molecular weight (1150 and 56.1 kg/mol), we find that with increasing polymer concentration the adsorbed amount first increases, reaches a maximum, and then decreases strongly. The PSS concentration at which the maximum is reached is dependent on both the molecular weight and the salt concentration in a manner that correlates with the chain overlap concentration. Regarding the segment profiles, at low polymer concentration the profiles are composed of a thin layer of high concentration at the air surface (trains), followed by a distinct second layer of much lower segment concentration that extends to lar...
THE CORRELATES OF HEALTHY FAMILY FUNCTIONING: THE ROLE OF CONSENSUS AND CONFLICT IN THE PRACTICE OF FAMILY THERAPY

The present study explores the relative importance of individual, dyadic and triadic measures of intrafamily functioning in predicting family health. Using self-report data from 78 families, it was found that dyadic measures pertaining to marital quality and parent-child relationships were more powerful predictors than either individual measures of emotional maturity, anxiety, self-esteem or locus of control, or triadic measures of the families' hierarchical alignments. The study also found that while mothers' and fathers' assessments of intrafamily functioning were more important than the childrens' (except for the childrens' view of parent-child relationships), the parents differed in that marital quality was more important to the mothers' evaluations of the family unit while parent-child relationships were more important to the fathers'. Compositely, the findings suggest that family health is a complex multidimensional phenomenon, and that change in a particular dimension of family life may not necessarily be greeted with consensual validation or repudiation by all family members.
A model to design recreational boat mooring fields

This article develops a mathematical model and heuristic algorithm to design recreational boating mooring fields. The boating industry is important to the Florida economy, and boat storage is becoming a concern among those in the industry. The mooring field design problem is formulated to maximize the total number of boat feet moored in the mooring field. In the model, we allow two adjacent moorings to overlap, which introduces a risk that under certain conditions the boats on these moorings could contact each other. We identify the conditions when contact is possible and quantify the probability of contact. The mooring field design problem is formulated as a nonlinear mixed-integer programming problem. To solve the problem, we decompose it into two separate models, a mooring radii assignment model and a mooring layout model, which are solved sequentially. The first is solved via exhaustive enumeration and the second via a depth-first search algorithm. Two actual mooring fields are evaluated, and in both cases our model leads to better layouts than ones experts developed manually. The mooring field design model rationalizes the mooring field design and shows that in one case by increasing the risk from 0 to 1%, the mooring efficiency increases from 74.8% to 96.2%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 56: 158-174, 2009