cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A taxonomy-based perspective for systems of systems design methods

The phrase "system of systems "(SoS) has been in use for at least the past ten years. As customers of the aerospace and defense industries began asking for broad capabilities rather than for single systems to meet specific requirements, the notion of a system comprised of multiple, independently operating systems has become more important as the way to meet the desired set of capabilities. Recently, systems of systems have been identified in many other domains, such as health care, energy, logistics, and transportation. Because individual systems can operate independently within an SoS, many engineering methods and tools used to design large-scale, but monolithic, systems do not appear to work for designing systems of systems. This paper presents a three-axis taxonomy that can guide design method development and use for systems of systems. Based on this perspective, two experimental methods applications are presented for SoS problems.
Media Resistance: Opportunities for Practice Theory and New Media Research

Based on in-depth qualitative interviews, this essay offers a portrait of media resisters—individuals who intentionally and significantly limit their media use and who have largely fallen outside the purview of communication research. I argue that attention to media resistance expands and enhances practice theory and research on new media use. Practice theory broadens by the acknowledgement that media resistance constitutes a significant set of behavioral responses to living in a media-saturated world. Similarly, recognition of the media resistance phenomenon can help address the pro-innovation bias of new media research. Media resisters articulate reasons for resistance that include (a) asserting boundaries between public and private life, (b) acting on concerns that technologies designed to facilitate human connection often undermine it, and (c) focusing on immediate experiences and thereby cultivating presence.
Establishment and Characterization of a Human Plasma Cell Myeloma Culture Having a Rearranged Cellular myc Proto-oncogene

Using a serum-free defined medium, we have established a human cell line, NCI-H929, from a malignant effusion occurring in a patient with IgAk myeloma. The cultured cells have the morphologic, ultrastructural, biochemical, immunologic, and cytochemical features of plasma cells. The cells have rearranged alpha and kappa genes and synthesize and secrete high amounts of IgAk (greater than 80 micrograms/10(6) cells per 24 hours). The cells express surface immunoglobulin (alpha and kappa), the plasma cell antigen PCA-1, the transferrin receptor (T9) and T10 but lack antigens associated with earlier stages of B cell development (HLA-DR, B1, B2, B4, CALLA), as well as other leukocyte-macrophage antigens and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen. Although molecular studies confirm that both the tumor and cultured cells are derived from the same clone of malignant B cells, the tumor cells were predominantly near-diploid, whereas the cultured cells are predominantly near-tetraploid with six copies of chromosome 8, four to six of which have an 8q + abnormality. However, both the tumor and the cultured cells have a rearrangement of the cellular c-myc proto-oncogene (located at 8q24) and express c-myc RNA. Although a modest number of human "plasmacytoid" cell lines have been established, most are lymphoblastoid lines lacking plasma cell features, while others appear to be early secretory cells. In contrast, NCI-H929 is a differentiated, highly secretory human plasma cell line.
Live demonstration: A compact NIR fluorescence imaging system design with goggle display for intraoperative guidance

This demonstration presents a compact and wearable NIR fluorescence imaging system (FIS) for image guided surgery. The proposed FIS captures 27 frames per second of both NIR and visible spectrum data, allowing for minimum detection of 10nM of ICG concentration. The imaging system is currently used in clinical trials for imaging sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer and melanoma patients.
Use of Geotextiles to Extend Aggregate Resources

The use of an interlayer of geotextiles or fabrics was found to allow a substantial reduction in the aggregate layer thickness required to provide a given level of performance for aggregate-surfaced roads over soft soil deposits. Experimental results were used to derive equations that relate key performance parameters for aggregate-soil systems containing Typar 3401 fabric. Numerous laboratory and field studies concerning the use of fabric to reinforce aggregate layers were cited. Various design methods for specific commercial product lines and two general design methods were used to illustrate typical ranges in aggregate savings that may be effected by use of fabric.
Why tanh: choosing a sigmoidal function

As hardware implementations of backpropagation and related training algorithms are anticipated, the choice of a sigmoidal function should be carefully justified. Attention should focus on choosing an activation function in a neural unit that exhibits the best properties for training. The author argues for the use of the hyperbolic tangent. While the exact shape of the sigmoidal makes little difference once the network is trained, it is shown that it possesses particular properties that make it appealing for use while training. By paying attention to scaling it is illustrated that tanh (1.5*) has the additional advantage of equalizing training over layers. This result can easily generalize to several standard sigmoidal functions commonly in use. >
Stress Function Formulation

Newton’s law of gravitation states that two heavy bodies attract each other with a force proportional to the inverse square of their distance — thus it is essentially a vector theory, being concerned with forces. However, the idea of a scalar gravitational potential can be introduced by defining the work done in moving a unit mass from infinity to a given point in the field. The principle of conservation of energy requires that this be a unique function of position and it is easy to show that the gravitational force at any point is then proportional to the gradient of this scalar potential. Thus, the original vector problem is reduced to a problem about a scalar potential and its derivatives.
Wound Care After Peripheral Intravenous Extravasation: What Is the Evidence?

Abstract Despite a variety of preventative measures and administration of antidotes or other emergency treatment techniques, intravenous (IV) extravasation produces serious wounding and may lead to permanent long-term damage. Extravasation of IV fluids in the subcutaneous space may lead to blistering, necrosis, and damage to the underlying structures. Preterm newborns are at increased risk for extensive wounding owing to fragile vessels, thin epidermis, and limited subcutaneous tissue overriding common sites for placement of peripheral IV cannulas. When prevention techniques fail, immediate recognition of the extravasation, prompt intervention, and initiation of wound care are important nursing interventions to limit tissue damage. There is no consensus regarding immediate treatment or optimal wound care after an IV extravasation in the newborn, and information in the literature is limited to anecdotal or descriptive case reports. This lack of scientific evidence results in regional and unit-based protocols that vary greatly. A review of the current evidence regarding immediate care of IV extravasations and subsequent wound care is presented and highlights the need for scientific research to guide practice.
Aggregation in colloidal gold.

Static and dynamic light scattering are used to study the aggregation kinetics and structure of colloidal gold. Fast aggregation is achieved by either addition of pyridine, lowering of the pH, or addition of salt. The kinetics of rapid growth is followed by measurement of the polarized relaxation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{vv}}$ (proportional to the mean cluster radius). We observe a power law, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{vv}}$\ensuremath{\propto}(Ct${)}^{x}$, with x=0.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04, where t is the time and C is the initial sol concentration. Measurements of the depolarized relaxation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{vh}}$ as Q\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 (Q is the wave vector) are found to be proportional to the third power of the cluster radius, typical of rotational diffusion. Such measurements allow independent confirmation of the kinetics as ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{vh}}$=(Ct${)}^{3x}$, with x=0.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04. The static light scattering intensity I from these rapidly grown clusters obeys a power law, I\ensuremath{\propto}${Q}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}y}$ with y=1.74\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1, at a wavelength of \ensuremath{\lambda}=633 nm (optical resonance is 680 nm), with the value of y increasing away from resonance to a value of 2.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 at \ensuremath{\lambda}=457 nm. Under diluted conditions the scattering behavior is identical on and off resonance with y=2.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1. These results are inconsistent with the diffusion-limited cluster aggregation model which predicts y\ensuremath{\approxeq}1.75 and x\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.56. Finally, it is shown that slow pyridine-induced aggregation of diluted gold sols results in linear growth of the cluster radius with time, but the resulting aggregates still obey I\ensuremath{\propto}${Q}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}y}$, with y=1.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1. Simple models of reaction-limited aggregation cannot account for the latter observations.
Synthesis and microstructural characterization of inorganic fullerene-like MoS2 and graphite-MoS2 hybrid nanoparticles

The structures of inorganic fullerene-like (IF) MoS2 nanoparticles produced by arc discharge in water are reported in this paper. To adjust the chemistry and structure of IF nanoparticles, 2H–MoS2, graphite and composite 2H–MoS2/graphite rods were used as electrodes in the arc synthesis. In comparison to using MoS2 as both anode and cathode, mixed electrodes (graphite and MoS2) significantly increased the discharge current. Various IF-MoS2 nanoparticles were successfully produced by the water-based arc method, and their microstructures were studied using a transmission electron microscope equipped with an x-ray energy dispersive spectrometer. The IF–MoS2 nanoparticles commonly had a solid core wrapped with a few MoS2 layers and exhibit some differences in size and geometry. The IF-MoS2 nanoparticles were typically 5–30 nm in diameter as observed by transmission electron microscopy. Tiny IF-MoS2 nanoparticles (<10 nm) along with fragments of lamellar MoS2 were produced from arc discharge in water using both graphite and MoS2 electrodes. Carbon nano-onions and hybrid nanoparticles consisting of carbon and MoS2 were synthesized by using mixed electrodes of graphite and 2H–MoS2. The hybrid nanoparticles were MoS2 cores covered by a graphite shell. Our results show that the water-based arc method provides a simple tool for producing a variety of nanoparticles including some familiar and some new hybrid structures.
Pruned octree feature for interactive retrieval

A new color feature obtained from the pruned octree color representation of an image for interactive image retrieval is proposed in this work. The pruned octree is constructed based on a natural color clustering of a given image rather than the fixed bucket color quantization of the entire database. In this new framework, we integrate commonly used features such as color width, color depth, average colore and multi-resolution colore distributions. As a result, it supports flexible filtering, in which the similarity matching procedure can be gradually refined. Examples are given to illustrate the query image analysis and sequential filtering strategy based on the octree color feature.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Arterial sodium concentration in rats with hypertension induced by mestranol

Abstract Rats were made hypertensive by the oral ingestion of mestranol for 6 months. Carotid arteries from these hypertensive rats and from control rats were incubated in an extract of plasma from these rats, which contained 24 Na and 14 C-sucrose (an extracellular fluid marker). After sufficient time for equilibration, the vessels were removed and counted for 24 Na; an aliquot of the incubation fluid was also counted for 24 Na. At least 7 days later, after the 24 Na had decayed away, the samples were counted for 14 C-sucrose. By knowing the specific activity of the 24 Na and the ratio of 24 Na/ 14 C in the bathing fluid, the amount of intracellular Na could be calculated for each carotid artery. The total protein content of each vessel was determined, and the results were expressed as nEq of Na per mg of vessel. The Na content of carotids from mestranol treated rats averaged 135 ± 11 (SEM) while the carotids from the control rats averaged 125 ± 8 nEq/mg protein. Because these values were not significantly different, this study provided no evidence that increases in arterial Na content contributed to the hypertension associated with the ingestion of mestranol in this rat model.
Lack of interaction between tricyclic antidepressants and clonidine at the alpha2-adrenoceptor on human platelets

The pharmacologic interaction between tricyclic antidepressants and clonidine at the alpha 2-adrenoceptor was examined in human platelets by quantifying the ability of tricyclic antidepressant drugs to inhibit clonidine-stimulated platelet aggregation in vitro. Platelet aggregation induced by increasing concentrations of clonidine (0.3 to 3 microM) was not altered by pretreatment of the platelets with 10 microM imipramine. Imipramine at concentrations above 100 microM attenuated clonidine-induced platelet aggregation, but this was a nonspecific drug effect because the high concentrations of imipramine inhibited adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation as well. Desmethyldoxepin and nortriptyline also inhibited platelet aggregation nonspecifically at higher concentrations (greater than 10 microM). We were also not able to establish a specific interaction between alpha-methlnorepinephrine (the active metabolite of methyldopa) and the tricyclic antidepressants at the platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor. Our data suggest that if there is an adverse dynamic interaction between tricyclic antidepressants and clonidine, the interaction occurs at a site other than the alpha 2-adrenoceptor.
Automatically Building a Knowledge Base Through Natural Language Text Analysis

The knowledge representation and acquisition system described in this article is one of two major components in a project intended to provide expert systems with the ability to build and update their own knowledge bases by processing natural language technical material that is in machine-readable form. the particular aspect of the system described in this article is the building of an initial knowledge base using only syntactic structures (which include semantic information about domain-dependent object classes) provided by the natural language processing component and a schema-like description of the knowledge base. Descriptions of the knowledge structures that make up the knowledge base and the approach used to extract the appropriate information from the syntactic structures are provided. the approach taken during the development of the knowledge representation and acquisition component was motivated by two key factors: keeping the algorithms as general (i.e., domain independent) as possible, and making the process as fully automated as possible. the little human intervention that has been used has been limited to certain stages of the natural language processing. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Management of Primary Mediastinal Seminoma

Radiation therapy has been the usual initial treatment for mediastinal seminoma in the past. However, 25 to 40 percent of patients are not cured by this therapy, and other therapy is needed. Review of case reports show that vinblastine, bleomycin, and cis-platinum are effective therapy for metastatic disease, advanced disease within the chest, or mixed germ cell tumors with nonseminomatous elements. The use of tumor markers and chemotherapy must be integrated into the staging of and therapy for primary mediastinal seminoma.
Tritiated thymidine incorporation into hair follicle matrix and epidermal basal cells after stimulation.

The incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the cells of the epidermis and hair follicle after stimulation of the skin by plucking has been studied. Incorporation levels increase after a time lag of 10 hours. For up to 96 hours the levels show fluctuations which are interpreted as indicating synchronous progression of cells through the cell division cycle. The length of S and the total cycle time for follicle matrix cells and for the basal epidermal cells can be roughly estimated. The values obtained are discussed and compared with those obtained by other techniques.
MECHANISMS OF ICE CRYSTALLIZATION AND RECRYSTALLIZATION IN ICE CREAM: A REVIEW

This review article focuses on the mechanisms of ice crystallization and recrystallization and factors that influence them in ice creams. Ice crystallization is an important factor that determines ice cream's final quality. The smaller the ice crystal size is in the final product, the better the quality is. Large ice crystals cause a coarse, grainy, and icy texture in ice cream. The initial ice crystals are formed in the freezer barrel and then grow in size during hardening and storage. Recrystallization during storage is influenced by various factors, including total solids, initial freezing temperature, unfrozen water, stabilizer type, sweetener type, and storage temperature. The roles of these factors, especially stabilizers, are discussed.
Antipsychotic Medication Changes the EEG of Schizophrenic Patients Towards Normal

In a study of the efficacy and safety of remoxipride compared with haloperidol in schizophrenia (DSM 111 R criteria), EEG frequencies were mapped before and after six weeks of medication. To be reported here, EEG changes had to reach statistical significance of t-scores of 3 or more and had to be present in both eyes-closed and eyes-open recordings. Delta (0.5-3.5 Hz) did not change significantly. Theta (4.0-7.5 Hz) decreased in the left anterior temporal, right frontal and right parietal lobes. Alpha (8.0-11.5) decreased in the right anterior temporal, left posterior temporal and right occipital lobes. Beta1 (12.0-15.5 Hz), beta2 (16-19.5 Hz) and beta3 (20.0-23.5 Hz) all decreased in the left posterior temporal lobe. Beta2 and 3 also decreased in the occipital lobes. Morstyn et al (1983) reported that in schizophrenia: (1) slow activity was increased anteriorly; (2) fast activity was increased posteriorly and in the left anterior temporal lobe. A very similar pattern was found in our patients before treatment. Antipsychotic medication returned our patients' EEGs towards normal. © 1994 American College of europsychopharmacology
Discussion of: ‘Regulatory reform for diversified public utilities: For better or for worse?’ by Ronald Braeutigam

Abstract This paper discusses Prof. Braeutigam's paper on regulatory reform as well as comments on the more general topic of incentives regulation. Certain restrictive assumptions in Braeutigam's paper, such as competition in non-core markets, are noted and the three major topics, regulatory reform, diversification and price caps are examined. The paper then turns to the more general topic of incentives regulation and points out further experimentation should continue, and traditional disincentives, such as disallowance and prudence reviews, should not be abandoned.
Phenology of foliar and volatile terpenoid production for Thuja plicata families under differential nutrient availability

Abstract Herbivores use chemoreception to determine forage quality of plants. Certain terpenoid compounds produced by regenerating conifers may deter herbivory through negative feedback resulting from consumption or olfactory detection. Plant resource availability may influence the biosynthesis of terpenoids, yet terpenoid production in relation to changes in foliar chemistry is not well understood. Western redcedar ( Thuja plicata Donn ex. D. Don) seedlings from four full-sibling families (known to vary in monoterpenoid concentration from negligible to 52,000 ppm) were grown in a semi-controlled environment and fertilized at 200 mg or 400 mg of nitrogen (N) per seedling. Significant variation in seedling morphology, foliar nutrition, and terpenoid production was observed among families. The family producing the lowest levels of monoterpenoids exhibited reduced growth and decreased monoterpenoid concentrations compared to the other families, yet yielded the highest diterpenoid concentrations. Fertilization with 400 mg N increased growth, as well as foliar N and phosphorus concentrations, compared to 200 mg N. During active shoot growth in August, seedlings under the high fertilizer rate allocated supplemental resources toward growth versus secondary metabolite (terpenoid) production; resource allocation shifted back toward terpenoid biosynthesis following growth cessation in September. No differences in volatile terpenoid emissions were detected within families or between fertilizer treatments. Beyerene emission rates were more than double that of any other terpenoid; this indicates that while α-, β-thujone may inhibit rumen activity, volatilized beyerene may be the actual olfactory signal that deters herbivory due to association.
Very High Early Strength of Microwave Cured Concrete

Abstract A high rate of strength development in concrete can benefit a number of important operations in the construction industry, including concrete precasting and pavement repair. In this study, the acceleration of concrete curing with microwave energy is investigated. Type III Portland cement is employed and both mortar and concrete specimens are made and tested. By applying the microwave energy for only 45 minutes, the compressive strength of concrete at an early age of 4.5 hours can reach 19.2 MPa (2,785 psi) for w c = 0.55 and 27.2 MPa (3,947 psi) for w c = 0.40 . For the 0.55 w/c composition, the 7-day compressive strength reaches 37.4 MPa (5,417 psi), which is higher than that of conventionally cured specimens. Such performance compares favorably with commercially available rapid hardening concrete as well as concrete containing accelerators, showing microwave curing to be a promising technique for practical applications.
Chemical coagulation of humic substances: A comparison of natural aquatic versus soil-extracted materials

Abstract Aquatic humic substances can be removed by chemical coagulation during water treatment. Hydrolyzing metals such as Al(III) and Fe(III), as well as commercially available cationic polyelectrolytes, can effectively remove humic substances prior to chlorination, thus reducing the formation of trihalomethanes. Synthetic waters, produced by adding soil-extracted fulvic acids to distilled water containing a clay source and various salts, have some merit in approximating the behavior of aquatic humic substances during chemical coagulation; however, caution must be exercised in the interpretation and applicability of the results.
Soy Isoflavones: No Effects on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy, Menstruating Young Adult Women after One Year

Background: The effects of isoflavone-enriched soy protein on human bone mineral content (mass) and density in healthy, menstruating young adult females have not been examined in a comparative prospective investigation. Peri- and post-menopausal women have been reported to show beneficial effects of isoflavones on bone measurements. Therefore, young women may also be able to improve their accrual of peak bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) during the early adult years of bone consolidation with an isoflavone-enriched diet.Objectives: In this controlled, double-blind intervention, we tested the hypothesis that an isoflavone-rich soy protein diet increases BMC and BMD in young adult females over a period of one year in comparison to a control group receiving soy protein that has isoflavones removed.Design: Young healthy women of any ethnic background, 21 to 25 years of age, were divided into two groups, placebo (n = 13) and supplement (n = 15). The soy protein supplement was enriched w...
On Gaseous Self-Diffusion in Long Capillary Tubes

A calculation is made of the rate of diffusion of "tagged" molecules in a pure gas at uniform pressure in a long capillary tube of half-length $L$ and radius $a$. At pressures for which the mean free path $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\gg}a$, the result in the limit $L\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ reduces to that already obtained by M. Knudsen, the diffusion coefficient $D$ being given by $\frac{2a\overline{v}}{3}$, where $\overline{v}$ is the mean molecular speed. For a capillary of finite length the diffusion coefficient is, to first order in $\frac{a}{L}$, smaller than this by a factor $1\ensuremath{-}\frac{3a}{4L}$. In the opposite limit of high pressures, for which $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\ll}a$, the result reduces to the elementary kinetic theory expression for the self diffusion coefficient, $D=\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}\overline{v}}{3}$. One of the most significant features of the result is that in a long tube the diffusion coefficient drops very rapidly with increasing pressure from its initial value for $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\gg}L$. Thus the initial slope of $D$ as a function of pressure is given by $\frac{\mathrm{dD}}{d(\frac{a}{\ensuremath{\lambda}})}\ensuremath{\cong}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}\overline{v}a \frac{\mathrm{ln}L}{a}$. It is shown that these results account for the anomalous low pressure minima observed by several investigators who have measured the specific flow $\frac{G}{\ensuremath{\Delta}p}$ through long capillary tubes as a function of mean pressure $\overline{p}$. The failure to observe such minima with porous media, for which effectively $L\ensuremath{\approx}a$ in each pore, is also explained by these results. The formulae obtained here represent a rigorous solution to the long capillary diffusion problem, valid at all pressures and subject only to the limitations of the mean free path type of treatment.
Early and unintentional release of planned motor actions during motor cortical preparation.

Voluntary movements are often preceded by a movement-related potential beginning as much as two seconds prior to the onset of movement. In light of evidence that motor actions can be prepared and initiated in less than 200 ms, the function of this early activity has remained enigmatic. We hypothesized that the movement-related potential reflects the state of preparation of the planned movement. This was tested by delivering a startling acoustic stimulus during the preparation phase of a load-release task. The cue to release the load was presented either 3.5 seconds after a warning cue (PREDICT condition) or randomly between 4–12 seconds (REACT condition). Electroencephalographic, electromyographic and limb and load kinematic signals were recorded. In a subset of trials, a startle stimulus was delivered at −1500, −1000, −500, −250, −100 or 0 ms before the release cue. A contingent-negative variation (CNV) waveform, with a late phase of slow-rising negativity beginning an average of 1459 ms prior to movement, was observed for the PREDICT condition but not the REACT condition. For both conditions, the startle stimulus frequently evoked the early and unintentional release of the load-release sequence. The incidence of release was significantly (p<0.001) correlated with the late phase of the CNV for the PREDICT condition but not the REACT condition. For the REACT condition, the incidence of movement release was subject-specific, constant across the preparation interval, and uncorrelated with cortical activity. The onset of movement release by the startle stimulus was significantly shorter (p<0.001) for the PREDICT compared to the REACT condition. These findings provide evidence that the late phase of the CNV reflects cortical activity mediating the progressive preparation and storage of the forthcoming movement and that during this phase an intense sensory stimulus can evoke early and unintentional release of the planned action.
Smart medication management system and multiple interventions for medication adherence

To keep healthcare costs under control, a high-level of medication adherence, or compliance with medication regimen, must be achieved. The multifaceted nature of medication adherence, due to a large number of underlying factors, presents several critical challenges including how to evaluate the current level of adherence, how to improve and how to maintain the required level of medication adherence, especially for long-term chronic conditions. Several interventions to improve adherence have been proposed in the healthcare literature, however these are complex, costly and difficult to implement. It is also not clear which ones would be effective at what levels of adherence in what conditions and types of patients. Therefore, there is a need to model, evaluate and compare the interventions individually as well as in combinations for their impact on medication adherence. To address this, the design and evaluation of smart medication management system (SMMS) for improving medication adherence are presented in this paper. We also present an analytical model for evaluating the medication adherence using multiple interventions that are supported from SMMS, namely context-aware reminders, improved scheduling of medications, and support from healthcare professionals. The performance results show that very high medication adherence is achievable by SMMS for single and multiple medications even for patients with mild cognitive deficiency. Several powerful ''composite'' interventions are also proposed and evaluated for medication adherence. It is also shown that the total healthcare savings are significant even for slightly improved medication adherence. With higher hospitalization cost, the savings due to improved medication adherence become even more significant. The proposed work forms the basis to design personalized interventions to patients for improving medication adherence in different surroundings.
Dynamics and Potential Surfaces of Small Clusters

Some of the tantalizing puzzles regarding clusters are described. Some specific results concerning the dynamical behavior of clusters of particular sizes and having various potentials are described, to give some insight into the relationship between the form of a potential and the kind of behavior it yields. Solid-liquid, solid-soft solid, surface melting, and a remarkable single “subsurface layer mobility” all can be found in particular instances.
Evolution of Beliefs and the Nash Equilibrium of Normal Form Games

Abstract The paper formulates a simple two-person model of learning with pattern recognition and discusses its implications. In particular, it focuses on the asymptotic behavior of players' beliefs when the game has a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium.Journal of Economics LiteratureClassification Numbers: C72, D83.
Late-phase allergy and eustachian tube dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the role of late-phase allergy in the development of otitis media with effusion.METHODS: Brown Norway rats were sensitized to ovalbumin and later challenged trans...
Quasiadiabatic continuation of quantum states: The stability of topological ground-state degeneracy and emergent gauge invariance

We define for quantum many-body systems a quasiadiabatic continuation of quantum states. The continuation is valid when the Hamiltonian has a gap, or else has a sufficiently small low-energy density of states, and thus is away from a quantum phase transition. This continuation takes local operators into local operators, while approximately preserving the ground-state expectation values. We apply this continuation to the problem of gauge theories coupled to matter, and propose the distinction of perimeter law versus ``zero law'' to identify confinement. We also apply the continuation to local bosonic models with emergent gauge theories. We show that local gauge invariance is topological and cannot be broken by any local perturbations in the bosonic models in either continuous or discrete gauge groups. We show that the ground-state degeneracy in emergent discrete gauge theories is a robust property of the bosonic model, and we argue that the robustness of local gauge invariance in the continuous case protects the gapless gauge boson.
The influence of shifting cue validity distributions and group discussion feedback on multiple cue probability learning

Abstract The effects of group discussion feedback and shifting cue validities on subjects' achievement, consistency, and matching in a multiple cue probability learning task were investigated in a task of constant system predictability. Students utilized distributions of meaningfully labeled cues of equal or unequal validity to predict final exam performance. Subjects' performance was examined in two conditions in which a shift in cue validities occurred and in two conditions in which the same validities were employed throughout the task. Feedback from group discussion was provided for half the subjects. Results indicated that subject performance was best when equally valid cues were utilized, especially after an anticipated shift in cue validities. Group discussion feedback facilitated performance only when a shift occurred. The results were discussed in the context of dynamic prediction environments.
Clinical care for severe influenza and other severe illness in resource-limited settings: the need for evidence and guidelines

The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic highlighted the importance of quality hospital care of the severely ill, yet there is evidence that the impact of the 2009 pandemic was highest in low- and middle-income countries with fewer resources. Recent data indicate that death and suffering from seasonal influenza and severe illness in general are increased in resource-limited settings. However, there are limited clinical data and guidelines for the management of influenza and other severe illness in these settings. Life-saving supportive care through syndromic case management is used successfully in high-resource intensive care units and in global programs such as the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). While there are a variety of challenges to the management of the severely ill in resource-limited settings, several new international initiatives have begun to develop syndromic management strategies for these environments, including the World Health Organization's Integrated Management of Adult and Adolescent Illness Program. These standardized clinical guidelines emphasize syndromic case management and do not require high-resource intensive care units. These efforts must be enhanced by quality clinical research to provide missing evidence and to refine recommendations, which must be carefully integrated into existing healthcare systems. Realizing a sustainable, global impact on death and suffering due to severe influenza and other severe illness necessitates an ongoing and concerted international effort to iteratively generate, implement, and evaluate best-practice management guidelines for use in resource-limited settings.
Review of the energy check of an electron-only linear accelerator over a 6 year period: sensitivity of the technique to energy shift.

The calibration and monthly QA of an electron-only linear accelerator dedicated to intra-operative radiation therapy has been reviewed. Since this machine is calibrated prior to every procedure, there was no necessity to adjust the output calibration at any time except, perhaps, when the magnetron is changed, provided the machine output is reasonably stable. This gives a unique opportunity to study the dose output of the machine per monitor unit, variation in the timer error, flatness and symmetry of the beam and the energy check as a function of time. The results show that, although the dose per monitor unit varied within ±2%, the timer error within ±0.005 MU and the asymmetry within 1–2%, none of these parameters showed any systematic change with time. On the other hand, the energy check showed a linear drift with time for 6, 9, and 12 MeV (2.1, 3.5, and 2.5%, respectively, over 5 years), while at 15 and 18 MeV, the energy check was relatively constant. It is further shown that based on annual calibrations and RPC TLD checks, the energy of each beam is constant and that therefore the energy check is an exquisitely sensitive one. The consistency of the independent checks is demonstrated.
Hybrid one-electron/many-electron methods for ionized states of molecular clusters.

To describe singly-ionized states of molecular clusters we devised an effective Hamiltonian approach that combines (1) accurate monomer ionization potentials from many-electron wave functions with (2) polarization shifts and (3) effective monomer couplings obtained from a simple one-electron approach (the superposition-of-fragment-states (SFS) method [Valeev et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128, 9882]). The accuracy of the intermolecular coupling parameters evaluated with SFS Hartree–Fock (HF) and Density-Functional-Theory (DFT) variants was evaluated for several weakly-bound dimers and compared against the state-of-the-art equation-of-motion ionization-potential coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-IP-CCSD) data of Krylov and co-workers. The SFS–HF method produces coupling integrals accurate to a few percent, whereas SFS–DFT predictions are substantially worse. A hybrid approach combining SFS–HF couplings and shifts with EOM-IP-CCSD ionization potentials of monomers (denoted as SFS-EOM-IP-CCSD) was applied to ionized states of two conformers of a benzene dimer and ten representative DNA base pairs. The 16 considered SFS-EOM-IP-CCSD ionization potentials of the benzene dimer differed from the reference EOM-IP-CCSD IPs of Krylov and co-workers [Pieniazek et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 127, 044317; Bravaya et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12, 2261] by less than 0.1 eV on average, and at most by 0.2 eV. For the DNA base pairs the mean absolute (median) deviation of the SFS-EOM-IP-CCSD IPs was 0.27 (0.23) eV; several deviations for non-Koopmans states were as large as 0.9 eV. The SFS-EOM-IP-CCSD method can be readily applied to large molecular clusters with computational effort scaling cubically with the size of the cluster.
Sparse Signal Reconstruction from Noisy Compressive Measurements using Cross Validation

Compressive sensing is a new data acquisition technique that aims to measure sparse and compressible signals at close to their intrinsic information rate rather than their Nyquist rate. Recent results in compressive sensing show that a sparse or compressible signal can be reconstructed from very few incoherent measurements. Although the sampling and reconstruction process is robust to measurement noise, all current reconstruction methods assume some knowledge of the noise power or the acquired signal to noise ratio. This knowledge is necessary to set algorithmic parameters and stopping conditions. If these parameters are set incorrectly, then the reconstruction algorithms either do not fully reconstruct the acquired signal (underfitting) or try to explain a significant portion of the noise by distorting the reconstructed signal (overfitting). This paper explores this behavior and examines the use of cross validation to determine the stopping conditions for the optimization algorithms. We demonstrate that by designating a small set of measurements as a validation set it is possible to optimize these algorithms and reduce the reconstruction error. Furthermore we explore the trade-off between using the additional measurements for cross validation instead of reconstruction.
Moulding, automation, robots: a winning combination for Bose

Shows how a manufacturer of component quality loudspeakers has introduced plastic injection moulding into its manufacturing competence profile and also automation through the use of robots. Lists the criteria used for robot selection and summarizes the benefits reaped from robotic automation for an in‐house captive moulding operation.
Effect of an acute ergotamine challenge on reproductive hormones in follicular phase heifers and progestin-treated cows.

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine if ergotamine, an ergopeptine alkaloid isolated from Neotyphodium -infected grasses and associated with toxicoses in livestock, altered plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones in follicular phase heifers and in cows given a progestin implant. In Experiment 1, blood was sampled for 8 h from four cycling heifers 2 days after synchronized luteolysis. Heifers were treated with ergotamine tartrate (19 μg/kg) i.v. or saline vehicle in a simple cross-over design after 1 h of pre-treatment blood sampling. Heifers received oxytocin (100 USP units) i.v. 4 h after ergotamine or saline treatment. Ergotamine reduced ( P P 2α (PGFM) concentrations from 2 to 5 h post-treatment. A PGFM response to oxytocin was not detected. In Experiment 2, blood was sampled for 8 h from six cycling cows 10 days after receiving a s.c. norgestomet implant. Cows were treated i.v. with ergotamine (20 μg/kg) or saline in a simple cross-over design after 1 h of pre-treatment blood sampling. Cows received gonadorelin (GnRH, 100 μg) i.v. 1 h after ergotamine or saline. Cows received oxytocin (100 USP units) i.v. 4 h after ergotamine or saline treatment. Ergotamine reduced ( P P P P
Effect of Vitamin D on Retention of Radium by the White Rat.

SummaryTotal body retention of injected radium was significantly less in rachitic rats than in vit. D-treated rachitic rats, or in non-rachitic control animals.
Change in a specific phosphoprotein band following associative learning in Hermissenda.

Although cellular neurophysiological studies of invertebrates have provided some understanding of the cellular basis of modifiable behaviour (for reviews, see refs 1–5), little is known about biochemical changes in the specific neural pathways accompanying alterations in behaviour. The nervous systems and sensory structures of invertebrates are especially suitable to an analysis of the biochemical mechanisms involved in behavioural modification because they typically contain a relatively small number of neurones, some of which have large, identifiable somata, and because associative learning has been studied in several invertebrate preparations6–10. Studies with the nudibranch mollusc Hermissenda crassicornis have demonstrated a short-term non-associative change in phototactic behaviour after training with light and rotation11. More recently8,12, an example of associative learning in Hermissenda was produced by the temporal association of light and a presumed aversive stimulus. This associative learning is accompanied by neurophysiological changes in the B-type photoreceptors12. We now report that there is also a change in the level of incorporation of 32P in a 20,000-molecular weight (MW) phosphoprotein; as the eye of Hermissenda consists of only five photoreceptors, a lens and a few pigment and epithelial cells, a biochemical change specific to associative learning has thus been localized to a few cells within a nervous system.
Stimulant treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

To develop treatment guidelines for the stimulant treatment of adults, the authors reviewed the available literature of medication trials in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attentive to issues of psychiatric comorbidity, age, gender, and ethnic background [1]. The review showed stimulants to be the most established treatment for ADHD. Over 100 controlled studies with more than 5000 children and adolescents have documented their efficacy in about 70% of subjects. The literature clearly documents that stimulants not only improve abnormal behaviors of ADHD, but also self-esteem, cognition, and social and family functioning. Efficacy varied with age and psychiatric comorbidities, however. In addition, most studies have focused on latency age Caucasian boys. Little is known about other subgroups. Most of the existing studies are very brief, lasting a few weeks at most, with until recently [2,3]. A very limited literature exists for stimulants at other ages, for females [4–6] and for ethnic minorities [7]. A potential barrier to therapeutics is the increasing recognition that ADHD is a heterogeneous disorder with considerable comorbidity with conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders [8] and tic disorders [9]. It is not clear if these groups respond preferentially to different psychotropics. For example, an emerging literature suggests that anxious and depressed children with ADHD respond more poorly to stimulants than children with only ADHD in their ADHD symptoms [10–14]. In addition, stimulants are thought to be anxiogenic and depressogenic; however, the effect of stimulants on the comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms has been assessed rarely in any study. Although stimulants may be depressogenic, it is
Binge drinking and the risk of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts.

BACKGROUND: Major depression is one of the strongest known risk factors for suicide. However, of the estimated 8.5 million adults with serious thoughts of suicide in the past year, only half had a major depressive episode (MDE). Identifying risk factors for suicide in the absence of depression may provide additional targets for prevention and intervention. This study uses nationally representative data to evaluate the association of binge drinking with suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts in adults with and without MDE. METHODS: Combined 2008-2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were analyzed. Sex-stratified prevalence estimates of past year suicide indicators were generated by past month binge drinking and past year MDE status. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of binge drinking with suicide indicators by sex with and without MDE. RESULTS: Unadjusted prevalence estimates for suicide indicators in males and females were higher among binge drinkers than among nonbinge drinkers, regardless of MDE status. Regression analyses indicated that binge drinking was associated with suicidal thoughts (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.28-1.79), plans (aOR=1.75, CI=1.23-2.48), and attempts (aOR=2.57, CI=1.74-3.79) in females without MDE and with suicidal thoughts in males without MDE (aOR=1.25, CI=1.04-1.49). Among males and females with MDE, binge drinking was not associated with any of the suicide indicators (p>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Binge drinking in females without MDE may be an indicator for identifying at risk individuals for targeting suicide prevention activities. Language: en
Binding of 125I-human TSH by gamma globulins of sera containing thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI).

Abstract Anti-IgG precipitable 125 I-hTSH binding activity of TSI-containing serum is increased as compared to normal serum after adsorption with pig thyroid membranes. This IgG binding of 125 I-hTSH can be inhibited with nonradioactive TSH. We have hypothesized that TSI may be an antiidiotypic antibody to anti-TSH. This evidence for the presence of anti-TSH in TSI-containing sera supports the hypothesis.