cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Guinea Pigs. II. Transplacental and Horizontal Transmission

Transplacental transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was demonstrated in guinea pigs, but transmission only occurred during acute primary maternal infection. Infectious CMV was isolated from 27 of 44 placental tissues and nine of 37 fetal tissues (including brain, lung, and kidney) tested five to 24 days after maternal infection. Fetal infection occurred at different stages of gestation ranging from 28 to 60 days. No virus was detected in the tissues of 43 fetuses examined that were taken from pregnant guinea pigs that had been infected for greater than 30 days. The maternal animals had significant levels of circulating neutralizing antibody concurrent with infectious CMV in the salivary glands at the time of sacrifice. Contact infection was accomplished when infected and uninfected animals of either the same sex or oppsite sexes were paired and housed together for one to three months. Among the seven male contact guinea pigs housed with infected females, five showed virus in their salivary glands, and all seven showed rises in titer of antibody; five of the females became pregnant. In contrast, when infected and uninfected animals of the same sex were paired and housed together, only one of 13 contact animals had virus in the salivary gland, and four of 13 had rises in titer of antibody. Thus sexual contact appeared to be more efficient than environmental contact in the spread of CMV infection.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in utero produces sheep-goat chimeras

Both allogeneic and xenogeneic hematopoietic chimera models have been developed, including fetal sheep models that demonstrated high levels of stable, multilineage engraftment created by in utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of in utero transplantation to create xenogeneic sheep-goat hematopoietic chimeras. Fetal liver cells and T-cell-depleted adult bone marrow were tested as sources of hematopoietic stem cells. Donor cells were injected intraperitoneally into 130 recipient fetuses between 49 and 62 days of gestation. Groups 1 and 2 received crude fetal liver cell preparations. Group 3 received fetal liver cells that were incubated overnight in a phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte-conditioned medium (PHA-LCM). In Group 4, hematopoietic stem cells were concentrated by using additional density separations. Group 5 fetal recipients received low-density, T-cell-depleted adult bone marrow cells. In Group 1, fetuses were accessed via hysterotomy. Hematopoietic stem cells were injected into Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 without cutting through the uterine wall. Fetal survival in the five groups ranged from 56 to 100%. The percentage of chimeras from injected fetuses ranged from 43 to 92% by FACS and PCR analyses; however, levels of chimerism were low (<1%). The highest rates of chimerism were found among recipients of low-density fetal liver cells. Despite the pre-immunocompetent status of the fetal recipients and the genetic similarities between sheep and goats, high levels of engraftment were not observed. The consistently low levels of chimerism observed in this study, as well as the poor results recently reported by others using these procedures, indicate that significant barriers exist to transplanting hematopoietic stem cells in utero.
Constraining the propagation of bomb-radiocarbon through the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool in the northeast Pacific Ocean

This study extends the 1991-1995 records of marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and Δ14C values at hydrographic Station M (34°50′N, 123°00′W) with new measurements from a frozen (-20 °C) archive of samples collected between April 1998 and October 2004. The magnitudes and synchronicity of major Δ14C anomalies throughout the time-series imply transport of DOC from the surface ocean to depths of at least 450 m on the timescale of months. Keeling plots of all measurements at Station M predict a continuum of possible background DOC compositions containing at least 21 μM of -1000‰ (i.e., ≥57,000 14C years) DOC, but are more consistent with mean deep DOC (38 μM, -549‰; i.e., ∼6,400 14C years). These results and coral records of surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) Δ14C were used to estimate pre-bomb DOC Δ14C depth profiles. The combined results indicate that bomb-14C has penetrated the DOC pool to depths of ≥450 m, though the signal at that depth is obscured by short-term variability.
Isolation of matrices from maize leaf nuclei: identification of a matrix-binding site adjacent to the Adh1 gene.

Nuclear matrices were isolated from maize leaves by the two conventional methods usually employed for the preparation of the corresponding structures of animal origin. It is demonstrated that functionally competent matrices, recognizing and specifically binding the MAR-containing DNA of the mousek-immunoglobulin gene may be prepared by both 2 M NaCl and LIS extractions of maize nuclei.
Evolution of Silurian pentamerid communities in Wisconsin

Silurian pentamerid communities in Wisconsin include the Middle Llandovery Virgiana Community, the Upper Llandovery to Lower Wenlock Pentamerus and Pentameroides Communities, and the Wenlock Apopentamerus and Kirkidium Communities. Llandovery to Lower Wenlock pentamerid communities are widely distributed across Wisconsin, while later Wenlock communities occur only in local areas with reefs. In addition to their dominant species of pentamerid brachiopods, these communities also include nineteen guilds of stromatoporoids, corals, bryozoans, other brachiopods, molluscs, trilobites and pelmatozoans. Large-scale evolutionary changes from Middle Llandovery to Wenlock time are documented from data on relative abundances of taxa, guild composition, and species diversity. Trends include increase in species diversity, increase in number of guilds, and increase in complexity of epifaunal tiering. These trends are part of the general ecologic diversification of Silurian marine benthos that followed the Late Ordovician extinction event.
Primary care physicians’ screening of adolescent patients: a survey of California physicians

Abstract Purpose: To determine how often primary care physicians screen adolescents for important risk factors and to determine how rates of screening vary by physicians' specialty and practice setting, patients' age, and type of risk factor. Methods: A stratified random sample of 343 California physicians who are Board certified in pediatrics, family practice, or internal medicine, and physicians in these specialties who specialized in adolescent medicine were surveyed about their screening practices using a mailed questionnaire. Subjects were asked the percentage of routine comprehensive physical examination during which they personally queried or screened each age group of adolescents (11–14 years old and 15–18 years old) for each of the following risk factors: high blood pressure, alcohol use, cigarette use, sexual activity, and drug use. Results: The frequency with which primary care physicians reported actually screening younger and older adolescents for the various risks were approximately: 93% and 96% for high blood pressure, 70% and 84% for alcohol use, 74% and 82% for drug use, 67% and 83% for sexual activity, and 76% and 86% for smoking, respectively. For all risk factors, providers screened older adolescents more frequently than younger adolescents ( p p Conclusions: This study found that California physicians frequently screen adolescents for a variety of risk factors. However, the reported rates may not be consistent with published guidelines. Interventions may need to be developed which focus on improving primary care physicians' adolescent-specific screening practices.
Female consumers’ fanning of companies on Facebook: the influence of generational cohort

Informed by generational cohort and uses and gratifications theories, this study explored if and how women of different generational cohorts vary with respect to fanning of consumer goods companies on Facebook. An online survey was used to collect data from 411 female Facebook users representing three generational cohorts: Gen Y, Gen X, and Baby Boomers. Findings suggest that female consumers of different generational cohorts identify varied motives that may encourage them to fan, with hedonic and utilitarian motives emerging as the most salient. Product/brand consumption emerged as the most likely outcome of fanning, suggesting that fanning has the capacity to shape patterns of behaviour related to consumption, including store/website visits, product purchasing, and brand loyalty. Thus, a key implication of this work is that Facebook does offer companies a valuable means by which to stimulate the consumer decision-making process, and potentially, to generate sales and revenue.
A typology of offshoring and outsourcing in electronically transmitted services

Abstract The offshoring and outsourcing of service work from high-wage to low-wage countries has received considerable exposure in the popular press. Some have claimed that virtually all services that can be electronically transmitted should be offshored due to the extreme labor rate differentials. Relatively little work has actually been offshored to date, making empirical assessment difficult. Here, a normative model of the appropriate role of offshoring is proposed. We present a strategic contingency model, to be viewed at the process level, intimating that firms with the same processes should come to different solutions regarding these decisions.
Electromigration studies of the role of oxygen defects in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / grain boundary weak links

Electromigration experiments were used to help establish the role of local basal-plane oxygen disorder in determining the properties of grain-boundary (GB) weak links in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / thin films. The response to electromigration currents allows an estimate of the atomic force required to promote chain oxygen disorder in this material. In addition, it was determined that a lesser force is sufficient to promote long-range motion (1-2 mu m) of oxygen defects once they have been created. The activation energy for this process is approximately 0.8 eV. The creation of localized regions of disorder by electromigration in microbridges without GBs shows that these regions have superconductive properties indicative of a filamentary superconductive system shunted by nonsuperconductive ohmic paths. Parallels are drawn between the bulk thin film behavior and the effects due to the presence of GBs. These boundaries can be viewed as limiting the degree of connection between two disordered regions created by the elastic strain gradients caused by the GB. >
Hybrid repair of ruptured infected anastomotic femoral pseudoaneurysms: Emergent stent-graft implantation and secondary surgical debridement.

Background Rupture of infected anastomotic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms (AFAPs) represents a limb and life-threatening condition requiring emergency intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a hybrid repair for ruptured infected AFAPs consisted of percutaneous stent-graft deployment and second-stage surgical debridement. Methods Between October 2004 and January 2008, 6 patients (3 female, mean age 65.8 ± 11.4 years) with ruptured infected AFAPs were treated with emergent percutaneous stent-graft implantation and secondary surgical debridement. Three patients had undergone a femoro-popliteal and 1 a femoro-tibial bypass for peripheral arterial disease, while 2 patients had a femoral arteriovenous graft (AVG) for hemodialysis access due to chronic renal failure. Four pseudoaneurysms were located at the common femoral artery (CFA) and 2 involved the superficial femoral artery (SFA). Mean pseudoaneurysm diameter was 6.8 ± 0.9 mm (range, 5.4-7.8 mm). The mean interval between the initial operation and presentation to our department was 26.7 ± 14.5 months (range, 7-50 months). All patients suffered from severe comorbidities and were judged unfit for major surgery under general anesthesia. Results All patients were successfully managed by urgent percutaneous deployment of covered stents at the site of the arterial deficit. Extensive surgical debridement along with pseudoaneurysm excision was accomplished successfully in all 6 patients 1-3 days after stent-graft placement under local anesthesia, without the need for extended vessel exposure for proximal and distal control. No death occurred within 30 days after stent-graft implantation. During follow-up, (mean 14.1 ± 8.2 months, range, 6 to 25 months) all stent-grafts remained patent without endoleak, while no signs of recurrent local or systemic infection were noticed. Two patients died at 8 and 10 months after the procedure due to heart failure complications and acute myocardial infarction, respectively. Conclusion Emergency stent-graft deployment, followed by secondary surgical debridement and long-term antimicrobial therapy is a viable alternative for ruptured infected AFAPs. Especially for patients unfit for major surgery, it may be the most favorable treatment option.
Restoration of the site of the first nuclear reactors

This paper describes the successful restoration of the site of the first nuclear reactors. After the first sustained nuclear chain reaction, two nuclear reactors were constructed at a site outside of Chicago. Several other support facilities were also built. This study describes site restoration activities including extensive monitoring, human health and ecological risk assessments, and removal of physical hazards, as well as chemical and biological contamination. The site was divided into 10 investigation groups (IGs) and each IG was assessed. Various alternatives for restoration were considered. The final decision consisting of remediating one IG was implemented. During the entire process, stakeholders were consulted and their views were considered in the decisions. The details of the process are described in this paper.
Direct Renal Vasodilatation Produced by Dopamine in the Dog

The effects on directly measured renal blood flow, mean blood pressure, and calculated renal vascular resistance of intravenous infusions of dopamine, isoproterenol, and norepinephrine were compared. Dopamine, at doses not affecting mean blood pressure, decreased renal vascular resistance and increased renal blood flow. In contrast, isoproterenol decreased both blood pressure and renal vascular resistance but did not consistently increase renal blood flow. Renal artery injection of dopamine produced vasodilatation at doses ranging from 0.75 to 12 µg and biphasic flow responses including transient vasoconstriction at higher doses. It is concluded that the probable basis for the effect of intravenous dopamine infusion on renal blood flow is its direct renal vasodilating action. The direct effect of dopamine on the femoral vascular bed is vasoconstriction. The combination of renal vasodilating, and femoral vasoconstricting, effects is unique and is interpreted as evidence for a renal vasodilating effect of dopamine distinct from the conventional beta-adrenergic mechanism. A possible physiological role for dopamine other than as a precursor to norepinephrine may be related to this property. It is also suggested that the ability of dopamine to alter the distribution of cardiac output in favor of visceral organs may find useful clinical applications.
The analysis of longitudinal data in epidemiologic studies

Abstract A general method is presented for the analysis of longitudinal data in epidemiologic studies. An emphasis is placed on the relationship between changes in different variables over time rather than on the levels of variables at one point in time. Regression models are developed in Section 2 for the analysis of longitudinal data at two surveys and these models are generalized in Section 3 for the analysis of such data in more than two surveys. A detailed example is presented in Section 4 illustrating the use of these methods in the analysis of the relationship of blood pressure change to weight change in a set of longitudinal blood pressure data collected by Miall [1]. Finally, in Section 5. an extension of these methods is given to assess the relationship between changes in the same variable over time for two different persons in the same family.
Silicate consolidants for stone

Consolidants are sols or solutions that are used to restore the strength of weathered stone. The liquids are drawn into the pores of stone by capillary suction, then they harden by gelation and/or drying. In this chapter, we discuss the requirements that such a material must fulfill, and demonstrate the effectiveness of consolidants based on alkoxysilanes and alkylalkoxysilanes.
Child Safety Seat Distribution: What Works?

Abstract National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Child safety seat distribution: What works? Ann Emerg Med September 1999;34:403-404.]
Adverse Metabolic Effects of Antiparasitic Drugs

Several drugs are available for mass campaigns against enteric helminths. Mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate are quite effective against ascariasis and reasonably effective against the hookworms. Only mebendazole is effective against trichuriasis. Two drugs have recently been introduced for mass therapy of schistosomiasis, but they remain experimental, pending further evaluation. Other drugs are mentioned, and possible adverse metabolic effects are discussed. The fundamental question remaining is whether the eradication of certain parasites will improve the nutritional status of the infected populations. This review presents an analysis of adverse effects on the metabolism of the host of otherwise beneficial therapy against parasites. Since the issue here concerns the prevention of malnutrition and not clinical medicine, I discuss only those drugs that are likely to be used in mass campaigns against parasites. I do not consider, therefore, the highly toxic drugs used in individualized therapy of certain parasitic infections. Neither do I deal with some of the older drugs that have been used in the recent past, because they have been supplanted by better ones.
Syntheses and oxygenation of iron(II) “strapped” porphyrin complexes

Abstract A general route to ‘strapped’ porphyrins which are bridged between diagonally opposite meso-positions is described. Studies on the oxygenation and carbonylation of their iron(II) complexes have shown that they are inferior to ‘capped’ porphyrins as models for the oxygen-carrying haemoproteins. The results reported herein suggest that strapping structures which do not enforce well-defined and rigid cavities for oxygen binding afford little protection against irreversible oxidation of (dioxygen) (porphyrin) iron(II) complexes.
Can Pornography Cause Rape

L'A. defend la suggestion du juge Easterbrook selon laquelle la pronographie peut causer une agression sexuelle, d'une part, et examine les moyens constitutionnels de denoncer la pornographie comme incitant au viol, d'autre part. Revisant la notion de causalite en matiere d'erotisme et mesurant la possibilite d'une cause de disculpation, l'A. definit la notion de tapeinographie (du grec tapeino, humilier) pour designer tout materiel sexuel explicit incitant a l'agression sexuelle.
A new finite element formulation for computational fluid dynamics: III. The generalized streamline operator for multidimensional advective-diffusive systems

Abstract A finite element method based on the SUPG concept is presented for multidimensional advective-diffusive systems. Error estimates for the linear case are established which are valid over the full range of advective-diffusive phenomena.
Some remarks on spectral approximation

Abstract We use maximum principles and classical estimates for the rate of convergence of orthogonal expansions to study the rate of convergence of spectral approximations to various initial-boundary value problems.
Foreign Industrial Exports and State Manufacturing Performance

Foreign exports are claiming growing shares of US. state economic production. While growth of foreign exports is often cited as a driving force for state economic growth, little attention has been paid in prior research to the issue of Granger causality between foreign exports and economic performance at the state level. This study examines Granger causality between foreign manufacturing export growth and state manufacturing performance during the period from 1980 to 1991. Results indicate that, at the aggregate level, there is a bi-directional Granger causal relationship between foreign exports and state manufacturing activity. Among the individual industrial sectors, results are more mixed, however, with sectors displaying either export-led growth, reverse Granger causality, or in some instances, negative Granger causality. oreign exports play an increasingly important role in the economies of U.S. F states. Exports of goods and services currently account for more than 13 percent of total gross domestic product in the United States, an increase of more than three-fold since 1970 (U.S. International Trade Administration 1998) Ongoing trends toward economic globalization, as evidenced by rising levels of trade, investment, and multinational firm activity, as well as new trade liberalization efforts, such as the proposed expansion of NAFTA, indicate that foreign exports will continue to play a growing role in the U.S. economy. For individual states, growth of international exports has opened new markets, providing opportunities for expansion of production and sales in various sectors. Increased export involvement has also exposed new vulnerabilities for state Robin M. Leichenko is a professor of geography at Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, and N. Edward Coulson is a professor of economics at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park. The authors thank Amy Glasmeier, Rodney Erickson and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions on this research.
Effect of trypsin inhibitors on Shwartzman phenomenon.

Summary1 Trypsin inhibitors injected intravenously at about the time of the provocative endotoxin injection, partially or completely inhibited the local Shwartzman phenomenon and prevented development of renal lesions (as seen in the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon). 2 Inhibitors administered intradermally mixed with the endotoxin skin preparatory dose, or intravenously at time of skin preparation, did not influence the reaction. 3 The data presented suggest that activated proteolytic enzymes are involved in the Shwartzman phenomenon. 4 The role of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of the phenomenon is discussed. Alterations of the clotting mechanism and vascular changes brought about by release of serotonin, histamine and activation of plasma kinins have been considered.
Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in the preimplantation rabbit embryo.

The rabbit zygote on day 1 of development contains predominantly A-type subunits of lactate dehydrogenase. During cleavage, the isozyme pattern shows a considerable increase in the amount of B subunits present. These findings indicate that the synthesis and metabolism of lactate dehydrogenase in the rabbit embryo are markedly different from those of the mouse embryo.
IBM's pragmatic embrace of open source

Twenty years ago, it was unthinkable that IBM Corp. would release software products under the free software General Public License (GPL) or allow its software engineers to contribute to free or open source products. Yet, IBM has become a major contributor to the Linux operating system and has released the Eclipse suite of software tools under the GPL. This essay considers whether this shift is a response to Microsoft's dominance in the operating system market, a reflection of changed business models, or a new receptiveness to open innovation. IBM's embrace of open source certainly signals that competition in the software industry and the way that intellectual property rights are used have changed.
The Mark III vertex chamber: Studies using DME

Abstract We have performed studies using a prototype of a pressurised wire vertex chamber with 8 mm diameter straw geometry. We obtained 35 μm spatial resolution using dimethyl ether (DME) at 1 bar, and 30 μm using argon/ethane ( 50 50 mixture) at 4 bar. Preliminary studies show the DME to adversely affect such materials as aluminised Mylar and Delrin.
Effect of aging on temporary cement retention in vitro

Retention of restorations cemented with temporary cement varies. Some cements are adhesive and others are weak in retention. In addition, cement retention may vary over time. This study determined (1) the retentive properties of four temporary cements, and (2) the effects of aging on temporary cement retention. Cylindrical amalgam cores and mated stainless steel retainers with a 0.05 mm cement space were used in the study. Cores were cemented into the retainers and stored in 100% humidity at 37° C until tested. Retention was measured by applying a compressive force to the cores through a rod in an Instron machine. Half the samples were tested after 1 week and half were tested after 6 weeks. The results indicate a significant difference in retentive value among the four cements, including a significant decrease in retention for one cement over the 6-week aging period.
Analysis of aldosterone by gas-liquid chromatography.

Abstract Aldosterone may be analyzed as the 18,21-diacetate derivative in gas chromatography. Results appear to be reproducible on multiple analyses with small quantities of steroid. The product recovered from the column is similar to the 21-monoacetate, but is not identical as shown by paper chromatography and the failure of the compound to be reacetylated to the diacetate.
Two-dimensional echocardiographic determination of right atrial emptying volume: A noninvasive index in quantifying the degree of tricuspid regurgitation

Contrast echocardiography and inferior vena cava ultrasonography are useful techniques in diagnosing tricuspid regurgitation (TR) but are not helpful in estimating the severity. Using a computerized light-pen method for tracing the right atrial (RA) border during systole and diastole in the apical 4-chamber view, single-plane volume determinations were calculated in 10 normal subjects (Group I), 18 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and no TR (Group II), 14 patients with mitral stenosis and mild TR (Group IIIa), and 8 patients with mitral stenosis and severe TR (Group IIIb). TR was quantitated as absent, mild or severe by contrast right ventriculography. The RA end-systolic volume was 36.4 +/- 13.1 ml in Group I patients, 59.1 +/- 16.8 ml in Group II patients, 76.9 +/- 55.4 ml in Group IIIa patients, and 154.6 +/- 57.3 ml in Group IIIb patients (all Groups versus Group I, p less than 0.001). The mean RA emptying volume, which equals RA end-systolic volume--RA end-diastolic volume, was 15.3 +/- 5.0 for Group I, 17.7 +/- 3.0 for Group II, 30.4 +/- 8.0 for Group IIIa, and 71.6 +/- 25.4 for Group IIIb. All 8 patients with severe TR but none of the 14 patients with mild TR had an RA emptying volume greater than 40 ml (p less than 0.001). In addition, all 28 patients in Groups I and II but only 4 of 14 patients in Group III had an RA emptying volume less than 26 ml (p less than 0.01). The mean RA pressure measured at cardiac catheterization correlated with RA emptying volume (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001). Thus, RA emptying volume is useful for separating severe TR from mild TR in patients with mitral stenosis.
Anesthetic sevoflurane causes neurotoxicity differently in neonatal naïve and Alzheimer disease transgenic mice.

Background Recent studies have suggested that children having surgery under anesthesia could be at an increased risk for the development of learning disabilities, but whether anesthetics contribute to this learning disability is unclear. We therefore set out to assess effects of sevoflurane, the most commonly used inhalation anesthetic, on caspase activation, apoptosis, β-amyloid protein levels, and neuroinflammation in brain tissues of neonatal naive and Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice.
Significant reduction in stereotactic and functional neurosurgical hardware infection after local neomycin/polymyxin application.

Object Hardware infection is a common occurrence after the implantation of neurostimulation and intrathecal drug delivery devices. The authors investigated whether the application of a neomycin/polymyxin solution directly into the surgical wound decreases the incidence of perioperative infection. Methods Data from all stereotactic and functional hardware procedures performed at the Oregon Health & Science University over a 5-year period were reviewed. All patients received systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. For the last 18 months of the 5-year period, wounds were additionally injected with a solution consisting of 40 mg neomycin and 200,000 U polymyxin B sulfate diluted in 10 ml normal saline. The primary outcome measure was infection of the hardware requiring explantation. Results Six hundred fourteen patients underwent hardware implantation. Among 455 patients receiving only intravenous antibiotics, the infection rate was 5.7%. Only 2 (1.2%) of 159 patients receiving both intravenous and local antibiotics...
The Optical Telescope Assembly for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph: Design and Analysis Results

The Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph (TPFC) is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) exploration mission to directly detect and characterize terrestrial exoplanets at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The TPFC mission is currently in a “pre-formulation” stage where requirements and designs are traded. TPFC must distinguish a planet that is more than 10 orders of magnitude fainter than its parent star at a separation of 62 mas ( nm). Coronagraphic detection requires a large aperture telescope to resolve the exoplanet from its parent star, and great system (wavefront) stability during detection and characterization. This paper discusses the design considerations, trade studies and analysis leading to the current, “reference” design for the TPFC telescope. We present the salient features of the design and the most significant structural, thermal and optical analysis results. We also discuss the planned model validation and performance verification approach.
A general method for studying the secretion of macromolecules by single cells: II. A simplified procedure with enhanced sensitivity

Abstract A simple, sensitive precipitin-type single-cell secretion assay is described and applied to the study of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Evidence is presented that its efficiency is comparable to that achieved with reverse hemolytic plaque techniques. Also described is a modification of the simplified procedure which possesses substantially increased sensitivity. Enhanced sensitivity is achieved through the use of monoclonal rheumatoid factors which preferentially react with rabbit or human immunoglobulins that are incorporated into immune complexes as a result of interaction with antigen. Addition of rheumatoid factor to the agarose-cell mixture leads to additional crosslinking of immune complexes that form around active cells, thereby increasing the probability of forming a detectable precipitate. The application of this procedure to the detection of cells producing T-cell products is also discussed.
Delaying Interference Training Has Equivalent Effects in Various Pavlovian Interference Paradigms.

Spontaneous recovery in extinction appears to be inversely related to the acquisition-to-extinction interval, but it remains unclear why this is the case. Rat subjects trained with one of three interference paradigms exhibited less spontaneous recovery of the original response after delayed than immediate interference, regardless of whether interference resulted in attenuated fear (extinction, CS-Shock followed by CS-noShock), acquisition of conditioned fear (latent inhibition, CS-noShock followed by CS-Shock), or acquisition of a response (counterconditioning, CS-Shock followed by CS-Sucrose). We suggest that delaying interference treatment increases the relative similarity of the interference and test contexts, facilitating retrieval of the interfering association and attenuating recovery of the original response.
Ambulatory efficiency in persons with acquired brain injury after a rehabilitation intervention.

Objective : The purpose was to assess changes in cardiorespiratory responses to treadmill ambulation in a sample of patients with acquired brain injury. Research design : A repeated measures, pre-test post-test design examined differences between submaximal and peak responses at admission and discharge. Methods and procedures : Forty individuals (29 male, 11 female) were studied. Subjects performed an ambulatory treadmill test during which heart rate (EKG) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were monitored continuously. Total ambulation time (TAT) was also recorded. Results : TAT increased from 10.3 (SD 3.1) minutes to 13.6 (SD 3.5) minutes (p < 0.01). Peak HR did not change (168 (SD 20) bpm vs. 167 (SD 21 bpm)) nor did peak VO2 (23.5 (SD 6.6)ml/min/kg vs. 24.3 (SD 6.4)ml/min/kg; p = 0.09). However, both sub-maximal HR and VO2 decreased (p < 0.05) between 2-12 minutes when most subjects were still capable of ambulating. Conclusions : The results suggest an improvement in both aerobic capacity and movement effici...
Anticipatory capacity: Leveraging model-based approaches to design systems for dynamic futures

The paper presents a vision for enhancing anticipatory capacity of engineering organizations, with a goal of enabling the design of systems that can deliver sustained value as the world changes. Anticipatory capacity is the capacity of an organization to continuously develop and apply knowledge acquired through a structured approach to anticipate changing scenarios as needs and context change over time, While anticipation has always had a role in designing systems; the availability of model-based methods has significant implications. Anticipatory capacity extends from three key elements: competencies, methods, and a model-based environment. The paper discusses ongoing and planned research in support of establishing anticipatory capacity in organizations by leveraging the opportunities of model-based engineering.
Superstition and Post-Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage

Objectives/Hypothesis: The objective was to determine whether post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages occur more frequently in redheaded children, in patterns of threes, on Friday-the-13th days, or with the full moon. Study Design: Case-control analysis. Methods: The authors performed multiple statistical analyses of all children undergoing tonsillectomy at Temple University Children's Medical Center (Philadelphia, PA) during a 29-month period. Children readmitted to the hospital with or without surgical control of bleeding were compared with children who did not bleed. Relation of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages to the phase of the moon was evaluated using a standard normal deviate. The frequency of surgery performed on Friday-the-13th days was compared with a differently dated Friday chosen at random. Clusters of three hemorrhages in a 7-day period were recorded. Families of children were contacted and asked whether their child had red hair. A χ2 analysis compared redheaded and non-redheaded tonsillectomy patients. Results: Twenty-eight of 589 tonsillectomy cases performed required readmission for bleeding events. Twenty tonsillectomies occurred on a full-moon day, resulting in one bleeding event. One cluster of three post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages occurred in a 7-day period. Four of the children who bled had red hair. Two tonsillectomies occurred on Friday the 13th, with no associated hemorrhage. Statistical analysis revealed a random pattern to post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Conclusion: Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages do not occur in clusters of three and are not more frequent with the full moon or on Friday the 13th. The bleeding rate among children with red hair is similar to that of non-redheaded children.
Heart Rate Recovery as a Preoperative Test of Perioperative Complication Risk

The autonomic nervous system plays important physiologic roles in a variety of organ systems. Autonomic dysfunction has been shown to be predictive of increased mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. Its importance in patients with chronic respiratory disorders has been described in recent years. Here, we summarize the prognostic value of autonomic dysfunction, as reflected by impaired heart rate recovery (HRR), in patients with chronic respiratory disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, and lung cancer. We suggest that HRR may be clinically useful in the preoperative physiologic evaluation, specifically in lung cancer patients being considered for surgery.
Simulation of transient behavior in a pulse-line-driven gyrotron oscillator

Results are reported for a set of slow-time-scale single-moded and fast-time-scale single-mode and multimode simulations of the transient-mode excitation phenomena in a short-pulse high-peak-power Ka-band gyrotron oscillator experiment. Both the slow- and fast-time-scale single-mode simulations are generally in good agreement with each other, and, within experimental uncertainties, with the experimental observations of the time dependence and magnetic-field dependence of 35-GHz emission in the TE/sub 62/ mode. However, the multimode simulations suggest the presence of mode suppression, mode beating, and other nonlinear multimode phenomena that could not easily by observed in the experiment, and generally agree less well with the experimental measurements than the single-mode simulations. The multimode simulations also suggest that steady-state behavior may not be obtainable with the highly time-dependent voltage waveform employed in the experiment, and indicate the importance of carrying out future high-voltage gyrotron experiments with less highly transient voltage waveforms. >
Attitudes About Required Coverage of Mental Health Care in a U.S. National Sample

Objective:Recent policy initiatives such as the Affordable Care Act and Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act have expanded coverage of mental health services. However, to what extent the p...
Taxonomic Problems in Parthenogenetic Vertebrates

The classical definition of a species used by most vertebrate systematists employs interbreeding as a primary criterion. For various reasons this definition is inapplicable and new approaches, defining different kinds of species or eliminating criteria dependent on breeding, are being explored. So far the systematic treatment of uniparental forms has enmployed the same criteria applied to bisexual species and, by analogy, has recognized them as species too. But in several instances the inability of the uniparental form to breed with morplhologically similar and, hence, presumably related species has been used as a species criterion, even though crossbreeding between individuals of the unisexual species is impossible. In other instances supplementary criteria such as continuous range, or distinctive niche, augment the usual criteria. The use of the presumed degree of genetic dissimilarity between two taxa is a hazardous approach to species recognition, for a single gene difference propagated parthenogerietically in a clone might be more distinctive phenotypically than differences involving entire genomes. The best systematic approach to this species problem is still morphological and ecological and infers that the taxon under scrutiny is a lineage evolving separately from other lineages.
Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepède 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a New Ponyfish Genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae)

Recent phylogenetic work on ponyfishes has delimited and revealed the interrelationships of major leiognathid clades. To begin to recognize a monophyletic taxonomy for Leiognathidae we diagnose, delimit, and describe a number of ponyfish genera to reflect our current knowledge of their phylogenetic history. Equula Cuvier, 1815, is resurrected from synonymy with Leiognathus Lacepede, 1802, and comprises E. fasciata and E. longispinis. Members of Equula, the sister group to all other members of Leiognathidae, are large-bodied ponyfishes characterized by conspicuous round yellow blotches on the flank. The genus Leiognathus Lacepede, 1802, the sister group to the remaining members of Leiognathidae less Equula, is herein restricted to a clade comprising Leiognathus equulus, L. robustus, and L. striatus. The subgenus Equulites Fowler, 1904, comprising E. leuciscus, E. klunzingeri, and E. laterofenestra, is removed from synonymy with Leiognathus and is elevated to generic rank. The subgenus Eubleekeria Fowler, 1904 is removed from synonymy with Leiognathus and is likewise elevated to generic rank. Eubleekeria encompasses the ''Leiognathus'' splendens species complex, which is recovered as the sister group to Photopectoralis. To remedy the paraphyly of the remaining species placed within Leiognathus we describe a new genus, Karalla, which is recovered as the sister group to Nuchequula.
Principles Of Neutron Reflection

Neutron reflection is perhaps the most developed branch of slow neutrons optics, which in itself is a direct consequence of the undulatory nature of the neutron. After reviewing the basic types of interactions (nuclear and magnetic) between neutrons and matter, the formalism is introduced to calculate the reflectivity from a sample composed of stacked flat layers and, inversely, to calculate the stacking from reflectivity measurements. Finally, a brief survey of the applications of neutron reflection is given, both in technology and in fundamental research.
Cutaneous side effects of vemurafenib: a case report and discussion

In 2011, the FDA approved the drug vemurafenib, a potent kinase inhibitor with specificity for the BRAF V600E mutation, for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. While this drug is otherwise well-tolerated, many patients develop cutaneous toxicities. This report demonstrates multiple cutaneous toxicities in a patient while undergoing treatment with vemurafenib.
Improving the reliability of artificial intelligence planning systems by analyzing their failure recovery

As planning technology improves, artificial intelligence planners are being embedded in increasingly complicated environments: ones that are particularly challenging even for human experts. Consequently, failure is becoming both increasingly likely for these systems (due to the difficult and dynamic nature of the new environments) and increasingly important to address (due to the systems' potential use on real world applications). The paper describes the development of a failure recovery component for a planner in a complex simulated environment and a procedure (called failure recovery analysis) for assisting programmers in debugging that planner. The failure recovery design is iteratively enhanced and evaluated in a series of experiments. Failure recovery analysis is described and demonstrated on an example from the Phoenix planner. The primary advantage of these approaches over existing approaches is that they are based on only a weak model of the planner and its environment, which makes them most suitable when the planner is being developed. By integrating them, failure recovery and failure recovery analysis improve the reliability of the planner by repairing failures during execution and identifying failures due to bugs in the planner and failure recovery itself. >
For a Politics of Love and Rescue

An unlikely event provoked these reflections on love and our awkwardness about love in scholarly writing. In the summer of 1997, a group of gutsy, interesting Puerto Rican women, most of them anthropologists in early stages of their careers, invited me to be the keynote speaker at a conference they were organizing for the fall of the following year. The conference, entitled "Having Our Say (a como de lugar): Women and the Legacy of The People of Puerto Rico into the 21st Century," was being organized by this group of women scholars to feature, recognize, and galvanize scholarly work on Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans done by women over the past half century. I was touched and flattered by the invitation but also surprised. I am not Puerto Rican, and only a relatively small part of my scholarship over the years has addressed Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans directly. I knew that organizers Arlene Torres, Marvette Perez, Arlene Davila, Isar Godreau, and Yvonne Lassalle knew that I was Cuban (by both birth and ancestry), and we all shared the same assessment that relations between Puerto Ricans and Cubans on the island of Puerto Rico over the past two or three decades have often been tense. So, I asked myself, why were they inviting me? Then I asked myself, much more interestingly, what it was that made their gesture unusual and their entire project worth contemplating much more closely-their effort, the choices they were making, and the way the project played into contemporary U.S. "identity politics." It was easy to see a political motivation-a feminist intervention in the practice, production, and consumption of scholarship. But this was an affirmative intervention at least as much as a critical one, and neither "affirmative action" as it is commonly construed nor a critical cultural studies approach, with its emphasis on critique, captured what I came to see as quite central to this enterprise: a deliberate generosity on the organizers' part in opting for what I call a politics of love. All conferences require a lot of effort, but the scholars who first came together to imagine, design, and put on this one knowingly took on an additional level of work. If the conference was notjust going to be about Puerto Rican studies or even about the legacy of The People of Puerto Rico project (Steward et al. 1956), how was it to define itself? And what role should the organizers' collective diagnosis of the relative neglect of women scholars in Puerto Rican studies
Familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia with coronary heart disease. Effect of diet-colestipol-nicotinic acid treatment

Heterozygous familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia (F type II) is primarily manifested in hypercholesterolemia (due to low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C] elevation) and premature coronary heart disease (CHD). We studied sequentially the effects of low cholesterol-low saturated fat-low simple carbohydrate diet; diet and colestipol, 30 g/day; and diet, colestipol, plus nicotinic acid (NA) 3 to 7 g/day on plasma cholesterol (Ch), LDL-C, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and angiographically documented coronary arterial lesions of 32 F type II patients. Effective control of F type II resulted in arresting the progression of angiographically demonstrated coronary arterial lesions.
David Versus Goliath: Strategic Behavior of Small Firms In Consolidated Industries

This study assesses the effect of strategy selection and firm adaptability on small firm performance, using firm tenure as a moderator variable. The study is based upon interviews with sixteen small firms operating in rapidly changing and consolidating industries. All of the firms in the study pursued a differentiation strategy. Half of the firms pursued a broad product strategy and more than three-quarters pursued a broad service strategy. The study found that small firms adapt by addressing community needs and forming cooperative agreements with other small firms but not larger firms. Variation among the industries studied suggests that the intensity of industry concentration affects firm adaptation decisions. For instance, while the heavily concentrated hardware anti drugstore industries showed limited adaptation, the unconsolidated bookstore industry showed greater commitment to adaptive strategies. In addition, firm tenure was found to affect the adaptation of the small firms studied.