cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maternal weight gain, infant birth weight, and diet: causal sequences

The causal sequence maternal nutrition----maternal weight gain----infant birth weight is not sustained by available evidence except under extreme nutritional deprivation. For maternal weight change, diet effects of near starvation are unequivocal. With chronic undernutrition or social deprivation, diet effects are inapparent or modest (conditional on pregnancy stage, diet supplement, and prepregnancy weight). For birth-weight change, diet effects of near starvation are likewise unequivocal and modest with chronic undernutrition or social deprivation. The complete causal sequence has been demonstrated only below a famine threshold. Outside famine, effects are modest (conditional on baseline nutrition, timing, and content of diets, possibly also on infant sex and energy expenditure). High-protein concentrations have produced adverse effects. Micronutrients and consequent fluid retention could have favorable effects. Diet effects on birth weight apparently bypass maternal weight change. Hence, to enhance birth weight, maternal diet appears to deserve more attention than does weight gain.
Geophysical survey at Late Bronze Age fortresses: comparing methods in the diverse geological contexts of Armenia

Geophysical techniques now available to archaeology have the potential to provide large-scale survey data that can map the buried structures of extensive and complex sites. Recent work at two Late Bronze Age hilltop fortresses in the mountainous volcanic terrain of Armenia provides an excellent illustration of their potential. Magnetometry revealed an unknown residential complex at Tsaghkahovit. Across the plain at Gegharot, where magnetometry was less successful, ground-penetrating radar identified terracing extending down the western slope of the hill below the fortress, greatly increasing the size of the occupied area. Combined with targeted excavations, these geophysical approaches are providing novel insights into the unusual political relations between fortress-based sovereigns and mobile subjects in central Armenia.
Orientation Control Using Oscillating Momentum Wheels

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the problem of controlling a rigidbody’s orientation by actuating sinusoidal oscillations of inter-nal momentum wheels. We consider the rotational dynamics ofa rigid body having three momentum wheels (one for each body-ﬁxed axis) that are attached to the body by springs. Each wheelis actuated by an internal sinusoidal torque of ﬁxed frequency.The frequency of all sinusoidal torques is equal, but the am-plitudes and phases can be varied independently. We analyzethe inverse-dynamics problem of determining the amplitudes andphases for each sinusoidal torque such that a desired orientationis achieved. We then present two closed-loop orientation con-trollers based on this analysis. Numerical simulations demon-strate the effectiveness of the control techniques. INTRODUCTION Reaction wheels and magnetic torquers are standardattitude-control actuators for conventional spacecraft [1–5].However, more efﬁcient techniques may be required for smallersatellites, such as CubeSats. In this paper, we study the dynamicsof a free rigid body with momentum wheels that are actuated by
Some New Infestations of the Balsam Woolly Aphid in North Carolina, with Possible Modes of Dispersal

Three recent infestations of the balsam woolly aphid, Chemes piceae Ratzeburg, were examined to determine approximately when they began and by what means the aphid may have reached the infested areas. Infestations were dated by the numbers of trees involved and by sectioning recently killed trees and examining them for red wood caused by aphid feeding. The aphid reached Mt. Sterling in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Prior to 1958, Roan Mountain in 1958, and Grandfather Mountain in 1959. Of the possible dispersion agents, it is Concluded that wind is the most likely.
Selection of cultured Mirabilis jalapa L. cell strains producing high levels of anti-plant-viral protein

Mirabilis jalapa cell strains producing high levels of anti-plant-viral protein (MAP) were selected. The MAP content of the strain H9-52 obtained in the 9th selection was 6.3mg/g dry wt. which was about 3 times that of the root and was about 20 times that of the original cells. The ratio of MAP to total soluble protein also increased from 0.3% in the original cells to 6.5% in the strain H8-50 obtained in the 8th selection. MAP was isolated from the strain H8-50 and its anti-plant-viral activity was the same level as that of the root. The MAP productivity of strain H8-50 was maintained during 14 successive subculturings.
Challenges in the validation of preference-based measures of health-related quality of life

In their report in this issue of Medical Care, Lenert and Kaplan lead us through many confusing and complicated aspects inherent in the validation of preference-based measures of healthrelated quality of life.1 Here, I consider 3 fundamental issues that pose substantial challenges in our endeavors. I then close with some implications of these issues for the validation of preference-based measures of health-related quality of life.
ChIPping away at the Drosophila clock.

Abstract In eukaryotes, the circadian clock controls 24 h rhythms in physiology, metabolism, and behavior via cell autonomous transcriptional feedback loops. These feedback loops keep circadian time and control rhythmic outputs by driving rhythms in transcription; thus, it is important to determine when clock transcription factors bind their target sequences in vivo to promote or repress transcription. Interactions between proteins and DNA can be measured in cells, tissue, or whole organisms using a technique called chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The principle underlying ChIP is that protein is cross-linked to associated chromatin to form a protein–DNA complex, the DNA is then sheared, and the protein of interest is immunoprecipitated. The cross-links are then removed from the antibody–protein–DNA complex, and the associated DNA fragments are purified. The DNA is then used to quantify specific targets by real-time quantitative PCR or to generate libraries for global analysis of protein target sites by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). ChIP has been widely used in circadian biology to assess rhythmic binding of clock components, RNA polymerase II, and rhythms in chromatin modifications such as histone acetylation and methylation. Here, we present a detailed method for ChIP analysis in Drosophila that can be used to assess protein–DNA-binding rhythms at specific genomic target sites. With minor modifications, this technique can be used to assess protein–DNA-binding rhythms at all target sites via ChIP-seq. ChIP analysis has revealed the relationship between clock factor binding, transcription, and chromatin modifications and promises to reveal circadian transcription networks that control phase and tissue specificity.
Low-temperature seeding and hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorod on poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid)

Abstract This work reports a low-temperature seeding process for hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods on flexible polymeric materials. The process involved decomposition of zinc (II) amine complex below 100 °C to form ZnO seeds, followed by hydrothermal growth using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine under 90 °C. The method enabled the growth of ZnO nanorods on the polymeric film (e.g. PET) or the p-type conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) film. The UV response of the ZnO/PEDOT:PSS nanostructure was investigated.
The effects of accounting regulations on stock valuation and volatility: Evidence from the banking industry

Banking regulators and market participants learn from price signals in the stock market (e.g., Flannery, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 30: 273, 1998). Therefore, the system becomes more secure and developed as stock prices become more informative about banks’ financial conditions. Using a sample that includes major banks from 35 countries, this study investigates how accounting regulations affect bank stock valuation and volatility. The evidence suggests that bank stocks have higher valuation and lower volatility in countries that strictly regulate the quality of external audits and financial statement transparency. This study presents a comprehensive picture of the effects of bank accounting regulations on the stock market.
Fast Distributed Evaluation of Stateful Attribute-Based Access Control Policies

Separation of access control logic from other components of applications facilitates uniform enforcement of policies across applications in enterprise systems. This approach is popular in attribute-based access control (ABAC) systems and is embodied in the XACML standard. For this approach to be practical in an enterprise system, the access control decision engine must be scalable, able to quickly respond to access control requests from many concurrently running applications. This is especially challenging for stateful (also called history-based) access control policies, in which access control requests may trigger state updates. This paper presents an policy evaluation algorithm for stateful ABAC policies that achieves high throughput by distributed processing, using a specialized multi-version concurrency control scheme to deal with possibly conflicting concurrent updates. The algorithm is especially designed to achieve low latency, by minimizing the number of messages on the critical path of each access control decision.
Dual oxidase: a novel therapeutic target in allergic disease

NADPH oxidases (NOXs) represent a family of enzymes that mediate regulated cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and play various functional roles in physiology. Among the NOX family, the dual oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are prominently expressed in epithelial cell types at mucosal surfaces and have therefore been considered to have important roles in innate host defence pathways. Recent studies have revealed important insights into the host defence mechanisms of DUOX enzymes, which control innate immune response pathways in response to either microbial or allergic triggers. In this review, we discuss the current level of understanding with respect to the biological role(s) of DUOX enzymes and the unique role of DUOX1 in mediating innate immune responses to epithelial injury and allergens and in the development of allergic disease. These novel findings highlight DUOX1 as an attractive therapeutic target, and opportunities for the development of selective inhibitor strategies will be discussed.
Resonance self-shielding corrections for detector foils in fast neutron spectra

AbstractActivation measurements in fast neutron spectra, using detector foils in which the neutron mean-free-path in a resonance is small compared to the foil thickness, are revised by detailed space and energy self-shielding corrections. The experimental data are then comparable with the reaction rate density calculations. The self-shielding factors of individual Doppler-broadened resonances have been calculated with the integral transport theory. A multiple collision technique was required to treat resonance scattering inside the foil because of the small mean-free-path. The foil correction factor at each experimental position is obtained by combining the self-shielding factors of individual resonances with the calculated multigroup reaction rates at the foil locations. This gives a space-dependent foil correction factor for regions with spatially varying spectra. Applications of the foil correction technique to the integral reaction rate measurements of 197Au, 55Mn, 186W, and 232Th in a fast reactor bl...
Treatment of Deformity of the Lower Limb in Adults Who Have Osteogenesis Imperfecta

The Ilizarov method of lengthening was used to correct deformities of the lower extremity in six patients who had type-1 osteogenesis imperfecta, as categorized by Silence et al. The average age was thirty-one years (range, fourteen to fifty-one years). The deformities included shortening of four tibiae and three femora as well as an angular malalignment (average, 28 degrees; range, 20 to 40 degrees) of all four tibiae and one femur. One patient also had a non-union of the right femur. The average angular correction was 23 degrees (range, 20 to 30 degrees). The seven limb segments gained an average of 6.6 centimeters (range, two to eleven centimeters) in length. All limb-length discrepancies were corrected to within two centimeters of the length of the contralateral limb. At an average of three years and four months (range, one year and seven months to six years), the roentgenographic appearance of the fully matured bone was comparable with that of the original bone. There was no fractures or increases in the angulation of the segment of new bone. Two patients had pain when walking; it was related to a chronic pin-track infection in one and to osteoarthrosis of the ankle in the other. The functional status of four patients was improved and that of the other two patients was unchanged. All six patients were pleased with the outcome of the procedure. There was eighteen complications: stiffness of the knee in two patients; a peroneal nerve palsy in two; a superficial pin-track infection in three; and a deep pin-track infection, greater-than-normal loss of blood intraoperatively, loosening of two pins, worsening of the instability of the knee, and an infection in the knee in one patient each. In another patient, a Rush rod that had been placed before correction of the deformity migrated proximally and had to be removed after completion of the correction. There were five fractures.
Defining Quality in Hand Surgery From the Patient's Perspective: A Qualitative Analysis.

Purpose Quality measures are used to evaluate health care delivery . They are traditionally developed from the physician and health system viewpoint. This approach can lead to quality measures that promote care that may be misaligned with patient values and preferences. We completed an exploratory, qualitative study to identify how patients with hand problems define high-quality care. Our purpose was to develop a better understanding of the surgery and recovery experience of hand surgery patients, specifically focusing on knowledge gaps, experience, and the surgical process. Methods A steering committee (n = 10) of patients who had previously undergone hand surgery reviewed and revised an open-ended survey. Ninety-nine patients who had undergone hand surgery at 2 tertiary care institutions completed the open-ended, structured questionnaire during their 6- to 8-week postoperative clinic visit. Two reviewers completed a thematic analysis to generate subcodes and codes to identify themes in high-quality care from the patient’s perspective. Results We identified 4 themes of high-quality care: (1) Being prepared and informed for the process of surgery, (2) Regaining hand function without pain or complication, (3) Patients and caregivers negotiating the physical and psychological challenges of recovery, and (4) Financial and logistical burdens of undergoing hand surgery. Conclusions Multiple areas that patients identify as representing high-quality care are not reflected in current quality measures for hand surgery. The patient-derived themes of high-quality care can inform future patient-centered quality measure development. Clinical relevance Efforts to improve health care delivery may have the greatest impact by addressing areas of care that are most valued by patients. Such areas include patient education, system navigation, the recovery process, and cost.
Electromagnetic Scattering Analysis of Large Size Asteroids/Comets for Reflection/Transmission Tomography (RTT)

A precise knowledge of the interior structure of asteroids, comets, and Near Earth Objects (NEO) is important to assess the consequences of their impacts with the Earth and develop efficient mitigation strategies. Knowledge of their interior structure also provides opportunities for extraction of raw materials for future space activities. Low frequency radio sounding is often proposed for investigating interior structures of asteroids and NEOs. For designing and optimizing radio sounding instrument it is advantageous to have an accurate and efficient numerical simulation model of radio reflection and transmission through large size bodies of asteroid shapes. In this presentation we will present electromagnetic (EM) scattering analysis of electrically large size asteroids using (1) a weak form formulation and (2) also a more accurate hybrid finite element method/method of moments (FEM/MOM) to help estimate their internal structures. Assuming the internal structure with known electrical properties of a sample asteroid, we first develop its forward EM scattering model. From the knowledge of EM scattering as a function of frequency and look angle we will then present the inverse scattering procedure to extract its interior structure image. Validity of the inverse scattering procedure will be presented through few simulation examples.
Initial absence of N20 waveforms from median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in a patient with cardiac arrest and good outcomes

A 34-year-old male was brought to the hospital with a chest gunshot wound. Pulseless upon arrival, blood pressure was absent for 10 minutes. A thoracotomy resulted in return of spontaneous circulation. On hospital day 5, with brainstem reflexes present, he was unresponsive to call or pain, exhibited generalized hyperreflexia and bilateral Babinskys. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (mSSEPs) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials were obtained. International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology recommendations for mSSEPs and brainstem auditory evoked potentials were followed. Despite absence of the N20 responses from cortical mSSEPs no withdrawal from care was agreed upon. After awaking on day 7, mSSEPs were repeated and present. The patient survived and was discharged with minor deficits. Bilateral absence of N20 responses from mSSEPs performed beyond 48 hours after resuscitation from cardiac arrest is highly associated with bad neurological outcomes. However, variation due to hypothermia, noisy signals, medications, and brain hypo-perfusion must be taken into account.
Abstract 30: Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Profile with Financial Hardship from Medical Bills and Other Cost-Related Barriers to Care Among US Non-Elderly Adults: The National Health Information Survey 2013-2017

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a nation-wide crisis. Optimal cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) profile has been associated with lower mortality and morbidity, as ...
Interactive Content Retargeting for Multi-Panel Displays

Augmented content from three-dimensional virtual objects, real-world light field captures, and live RGBD camera captures are retargeted onto multi-panel displays. The displayed views are synthesized and aligned dynamically, achieving enhanced perception of aerial three-dimensional volume.
Radical Prostatectomy Sociodemographic Disparities Based on Hospital and Physician Volume.

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to assess the impact of volume status on socio-demographic disparities for radical prostatectomy (RP) in New York State. Patients and Methods All patients undergoing RP from 2006 to 2014 with an admitting or principal diagnosis of prostate cancer were identified. All 40,533 cases were separated into volume groups stratified by hospital and physician quartiles with a goal of maintaining consistent numbers between the 4 volume groups. Patient-level data included race, ethnicity, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), median income by zip code, and source of payment. Hospital-level data included hospital location, teaching status, health service area, and facility number. Continuous and categorical variables were compared between cohorts using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test and Pearson χ2 tests, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to assess predictors of access to very high-volume facilities and physician groups as well as predictors of receiving a minimally invasive RP. Results Of 40,533 total cases, 9602 (24%) were conducted at low-volume hospitals, 9208 (22%) were conducted at medium-volume hospitals, 8478 (21%) were conducted at high-volume hospitals, and 13,245 (33%) were conducted at very high-volume hospitals. Negative predictors of receiving care from a very high-volume physician include increased CCI, Asian race, black race, unknown race, Medicaid status, age 65 to 79 years, and age 80 to 130 years (P Conclusion Socioeconomic disparities exist in New York State for RP and are associated with disadvantaged groups being overrepresented in low-volume hospital and physician groups.
“Had I Died, It Would Have Been Self-Destruction”: Indulged Sensibility and Retaliatory Illness in Austen’s Sense and Sensibility

Scholars agree that Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility mocks the cult of sensibility and denounces its excess romanticized by the sentimental novel, yet the stumbling block to this interpretation ...
Sex-specific norms for verbal memory tests may improve diagnostic accuracy of amnestic MCI.

Objective To examine whether the use of sex-specific norms and cut scores to identify memory impairment improves diagnostic accuracy of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) compared to non–sex-specific (typical) norms/cut scores given the female advantage in verbal memory. Methods We calculated sex-specific and typical norms/cut scores (age and education specific) for impairment on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Norms/cut scores were applied to 453 women and 532 men from the Alzheimer9s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We compared sex differences in rates of aMCI (Jak/Bondi criteria) for sex-specific vs typical norms/cut scores. Using sex-specific cut scores as the true condition and typical cut scores as the predicted condition, we categorized participants as true positives (TPs), false positives (FPs), true negative (TNs), or false negative (FNs). In cross-sectional analyses within sex, we compared positivity rates of CSF hyperphosphorylated tau/β-amyloid (Aβ) and cortical Aβ deposition ([18F]AV45 PET) and APOE e4 frequency among diagnostic comparison groups. Results The frequency of aMCI was higher in men when using typical norms/cut scores. Using sex-adjusted norms/cut scores led to the identification of 10% FNs (missed aMCI cases) among women and 10% FPs among men. Biomarker analyses supported the hypothesis that sex-specific diagnostic criteria improves diagnostic accuracy. Biomarkers rates were higher in FNs vs TNs and similar in FNs and TPs. Biomarker rates were lower in FPs vs TPs and similar between FPs and TNs. Conclusion Results suggest that non–sex-specific aMCI diagnostic criteria led to a 20% diagnostic error rate. Accounting for sex differences in verbal memory performance may improve aMCI classification.
Surgical Management of Genitofemoral Neuralgia

Video Objective This video reviews the etiology, diagnosis, and management of genitofemoral neuralgia which is defined as pain along the distribution of the genitofemoral nerve. Setting The patient in this video began having symptoms of genitofemoral neuralgia following a laparotomy. A common mechanism of iatrogenic injury to this nerve is crush injury from poorly placed self-retaining retractors during abdominopelvic surgery. A neurectomy can be offered because the genitofemoral nerve has only sensory function and no motor function. Interventions We review the surgical technique for resection of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. This technique involves retroperitoneal dissection over the psoas muscle, identification of the bifurcation of the nerve into its femoral and genital branches, isolation of the nerve, resection of the nerve, and implantation of the proximal nerve ending into the psoas muscle for nerve regeneration and neuroma prevention. Conclusion This technique is 66-100% in successful in relieving symptoms including the case of this patient.
Liquid-liquid phase separation is an intrinsic physicochemical property of chromatin

Chromatin is compartmentalized spatially and temporally at multiple levels, but the precise organization of chromatin and mechanisms underlying its restructuring remain unclear. Two studies published in Cell and Nature now demonstrate the ability of chromatin to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation under physiological conditions and show that this intrinsic physicochemical property of chromatin can be regulated.
The JPL Smap Sea Surface Salinity Algorithm

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission was launched January 31st, 2015. It is designed to measure the soil moisture over land using a combined active / passive L-band system. Due to the Aquarius mission, L-band model functions for ocean winds and salinity are already mature and have been directly applied to the SMAP mission. In contrast to Aquarius, the higher resolution and scanning geometry of SMAP allows for wide-swath ocean winds and salinities to be retrieved. In this talk we present the SMAP Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) dataset and algorithm.
Mindful Servant Leadership for B-Corps

This chapter analyzes two facets of mindfulness for servant leadership of B-Corporations, which is an emerging form of social enterprise. One facet concerns inner states and motivations for leading business for non-instrumental reasons. This facet encompasses an ethics-in-practice dimension alongside of merely theoretical approaches, a dimension well suited for leadership of B-Corps, whose governance structure places ethics and sustainability at the center of the non-instrumental quest for the creation of social value and respect for human rights by business enterprises. The motivation for care of the mindful servant leader matches the investors’ expectations of social impact for the firm. The other facet concerns leadership decisions and actions fulfilling the mission of B-Corporations in creating social value alongside of economic value for a broad spectrum of stakeholders. Concerning this second facet, mindfulness is vitally involved in that servant leaders pay attention to the whole business and its explicit social benefit, not just this or that element of the firm’s operations. The chapter advances two arguments. The first argument—tied to the first facet—posits that the virtue of mindfulness contributes a key element of non-instrumental motivation for leadership generally missing from extant leadership approaches. The second argument—tied to the second facet—addresses the decision-making side of mindfulness. It asserts that the virtue of mindfulness is especially poised to equip servant leadership for the B-Corporation movement for two vital challenges: (1) balancing demands from multiple stakeholders; and (2) assimilating multiple criteria and values—both financial and non-financial.
Unraveling the contributions of internal resistance components in two-chamber microbial fuel cells using the electrode potential slope analysis

Abstract Two-chamber (H-cell) bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are one of the most widely used devices in bioelectrochemistry studies, but comparisons of performance have been challenged by differences in reactor architecture. Here we showed that the reactor solution resistance should be calculated using only the tube cross-sectional area and length rather than the electrode spacing (i.e. the solution resistance in the chambers is negligible). This approach was demonstrated using two H-cells (tube cross sectional areas of 4.5 cm2 or 1.2 cm2) and variable electrode areas. The solution resistance (RΩ) calculated from the tube diameter and length was consistent with that measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and was ∼80% of the total internal resistance with electrode areas larger than the tube area. Anode resistance and total power were similar (RAn = 26 ± 1 Ω to RAn = 34 ± 1 Ω, 0.37 ± 0.00 mW) when the anode was larger than the tube area (4.5 cm2), but the resistance increased (RAn = 431 ± 229 Ω) when the anode size (0.8 cm2) was smaller than the tube. Power and cathode resistance changed more with the size of the cathode (RCat = 61 ± 5 Ω at 9.6 cm2, to RCat = 73 ± 7 Ω at 4.9 cm2), with very high resistance when the cathode was smaller than the tube diameter (RCat = 1246 ± 805 Ω for 0.8 cm2 cathode). These results demonstrated that internal resistances are relatively insensitive to electrode sizes when the electrodes are larger than the tube area. While it has not been common to report tube geometry in H-cell studies, these dimensions will need to be reported in future studies in order to make practical comparisons of performance among these types of reactors.
City on the Line: How Baltimore Transformed its Budget to Beat the Great Recession and Deliver Outcomes by Andrew Kleine

Kleine, A (2019). City on the line: How Baltimore transformed its budget to beat the Great Recession and deliver outcomes. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. $35.00 (Paperback), ISBN: 978-1538121887.
The Gaussian streaming model and convolution Lagrangian effective field theory

Author(s): Vlah, Z; Castorina, E; White, M | Abstract: We update the ingredients of the Gaussian streaming model (GSM) for the redshift-space clustering of biased tracers using the techniques of Lagrangian perturbation theory, effective field theory (EFT) and a generalized Lagrangian bias expansion. After relating the GSM to the cumulant expansion, we present new results for the real-space correlation function, mean pairwise velocity and pairwise velocity dispersion including counter terms from EFT and bias terms through third order in the linear density, its leading derivatives and its shear up to second order. We discuss the connection to the Gaussian peaks formalism. We compare the ingredients of the GSM to a suite of large N-body simulations, and show the performance of the theory on the low order multipoles of the redshift-space correlation function and power spectrum. We highlight the importance of a general biasing scheme, which we find to be as important as higher-order corrections due to non-linear evolution for the halos we consider on the scales of interest to us.
Translation elongation rate varies among organs and decreases with age.

There has been a surge of interest towards targeting protein synthesis to treat diseases and extend lifespan. Despite the progress, few options are available to assess translation in live animals, as their complexity limits the repertoire of experimental tools to monitor and manipulate processes within organs and individual cells. It this study, we developed a labeling-free method for measuring organ- and cell-type-specific translation elongation rates in vivo. It is based on time-resolved delivery of translation initiation and elongation inhibitors in live animals followed by ribosome profiling. It also reports translation initiation sites in an organ-specific manner. Using this method, we found that the elongation rates differ more than 50% among mouse organs and determined them to be 6.8, 5.0 and 4.3 amino acids per second for liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle, respectively. We further found that the elongation rate is reduced by 20% between young adulthood and mid-life. Thus, translation, a major metabolic process in cells, is tightly regulated at the level of elongation of nascent polypeptide chains.
Abstract P255: Inpatient and Emergency Department Utilization for Herpes Zoster Infection After Stroke

Introduction: Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are generally vulnerable to subsequent infection, but there are few population-based data on the risk of herpes zoster infection after AIS. W...
Indian Families: The Diaspora in the United States and Canada

The world’s largest democracy, India, has a complex, diverse, and sprawling Diaspora. This chapter presents a general profile of Indians in the United States and Canada, identifying resources they bring and challenges they face. The integration of migrants is a slow and gradual process, occurring over decades, and requiring a concerted effort on the part of both immigrant and the receiving nation. The chapter proposes that mental health intervention should focus on the nexus of immigrant and host environment to determine ideal routes to integration, assessing the human and social capital of the former and the opportunities provided by the latter.
Optimizing Thresholds of the Scan Statistic to Improve Its Worst Case Detection Performance in Sensor Detection Systems

This paper focuses on how to improve the detection performance of distributed sensor systems to detect an emitter using the scan statistic. Considering that the emitter location is often unknown, we adopt a conservative approach and focus on the detection performance under the worst case emitter location. To improve the worst case detection performance, we propose a modified scan statistic: while the original scan statistic considers a single threshold for detection, our modified scan statistic uses a separate threshold for each cluster. The main idea is to reduce the threshold of clusters serving areas with low detection while still satisfying the false alarm constraint by increasing the threshold of clusters serving areas already well-served by other clusters. To optimize the thresholds of each cluster, we use upper and lower bounds for the probabilities of false alarm and detection and use monomial approximations for the bounds to solve the optimization problem. Our results show that our modified scan statistic can improve the worst case detection performance in various scenarios.
Skin adnexal carcinoma with BRD3-NUTM2B fusion.

NUT carcinomas are genetically defined epithelial neoplasms. Most tumors harbor fusions of NUTM1 with BRD4 or BRD3. Their histopathologic features have been predominantly reported as undifferentiated or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and clinically they tend to be aggressive cancers. However, recent studies have revealed a broader spectrum of NUTM1-rearranged neoplasms with several new fusion partners and associated variable histopathologic phenotypes and clinical behaviors, including benign and malignant cutaneous poroid tumors. We report herein a primary invasive carcinoma of skin adnexal origin with a previously undescribed fusion between BRD3 and NUTM2B. The tumor occurred on the shoulder of a 7-year-old girl and was excised with negative margins. A sentinel lymph node was positive. After follow-up of 23 months, and without systemic treatment, the child remains free of tumor. This case expands the spectrum of NUT carcinomas by including a skin adnexal variant with follicular infundibular differentiation, a novel genomic aberration, and preliminary evidence of a less aggressive clinical course.
Generation mechanism of the counter-wind South China Sea Warm Current in winter

Abstract A 22-year (1994–2015) HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) global reanalysis is used to study the generation mechanism of the counter-wind characteristic of the South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC) in winter seasons. Our analysis clearly demonstrates that the counter-wind SCSWC in winter is driven by wind relaxation. An Extended Empirical Orthogonal Function (EEOF) analysis of the hourly Sea Surface Height (SSH) and wind stresses reveals that the most dominant SSH mode is an Ekman mode. When the wind relaxes, the Ekman transport anomaly is offshore and generates a favorable cross-shore SSH slope for the northeastward surface currents over the continental shelf mainly by geostrophic balance. The alongshore pressure gradient force also increases when the wind relaxes, and dominates the weak wind stresses to push the alongshore water northeastwards. We also identify the region south of Taiwan Strait as the origin of the SCSWC, instead of the Hainan Island or Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam due to the dominant Ekman dynamics.
California-Federal Procedural Contrast: A Proposal

No institution comprehensively identifies and monitors major differences between state and federal procedure in each state. The overwhelming majority of those differences are not rooted in constitutional or jurisdictional imperatives. This article thus launches a national project, beginning with California. Ensuing assessments would likewise spotlight major procedural differences between the two judicial systems in other states−as most are no longer Federal Rules replicas. A governmental entity, nongovernmental organization, or innovative law school could commission faculty members throughout the nation to prepare like studies. This first such contrast thus offers a prototype designed to trigger: purposeful awareness of multi-jurisdictional differences; judicious cataloging of those variances in an evolving national database; and a low cost, highly informative, methodology leading to the next milestone in American procedural reform.
Reliable Graph Neural Networks for Drug Discovery Under Distributional Shift.

The concern of overconfident mis-predictions under distributional shift demands extensive reliability research on Graph Neural Networks used in critical tasks in drug discovery. Here we first introduce CardioTox, a real-world benchmark on drug cardio-toxicity to facilitate such efforts. Our exploratory study shows overconfident mis-predictions are often distant from training data. That leads us to develop distance-aware GNNs: GNN-SNGP. Through evaluation on CardioTox and three established benchmarks, we demonstrate GNN-SNGP's effectiveness in increasing distance-awareness, reducing overconfident mis-predictions and making better calibrated predictions without sacrificing accuracy performance. Our ablation study further reveals the representation learned by GNN-SNGP improves distance-preservation over its base architecture and is one major factor for improvements.
CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITIONS OF THE MEMBRANE-BOUND CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR

Rapid-mixing and ultrafiltration techniques have been used to measure directly on the second time scale the kinetics and equilibria characterizing the binding of [3H]-acetylcholine (AcCh) to membrane bound nicotinic cholinergic receptors isolated from Torpedo electric tissue. The observed concentration dependence of the kinetics of ligand association, as well as the kinetics of ligand dissociation and of receptor reisomerization after removal of cholinergic agonist are analyzed in terms of a model consisting of a single binding site that exists in two conformations, each binding AcCh with different affinities. Rate and equilibrium constants are presented for the interaction of AcCh with those receptor conformations and for the conformational equilibria in the presence and absence of AcCh. The relationship between the receptor conformations defined by ligand binding and the process of channel activation and receptor desensitization are discussed.
The diffusivity equation for geopressure prediction using well logs

Abstract Common practice in industry is to obtain geopressures from indirect methods applied to data obtained from seismic or electrical logs. Because the diffusivity equation describes the pore pressure behavior of a saturated porous media, in this work, it is being used as the basis to attempt a solution to estimate pore pressure in producing formations and above them, in the overburden. Formation properties captured through well logging in offset wells are introduced to our solution of the diffusivity equation as “normalized values” to estimate pore pressures. For a traditional pore pressure assessment, as it is proposed in this work, the problem is set to a time frame. The resulting boundary value problem is solved by applying a “non-strict inverse approach” until a satisfying solution is found. Pressure data from offset wells are used as calibration parameters to obtain the pore pressure distribution along depth of investigation. To prove effectiveness and accuracy of our novel technique, results from real data in conventional and complex geological basins are discussed.
Robot Motion Planning in Dynamic Environments

This paper presents a method for computing the motions of a robot in dynamic environments, subject to the robot dynamics and its actuator constraints. This method is based on the concept of Velocity Obstacle, which defines the set of feasible robot velocities that would result in a collision between the robot and an obstacle moving at a given velocity. The avoidance maneuver at a specific time is thus computed by selecting robot’s velocities out of that set. A trajectory consisting of a sequence of avoidance maneuvers at discrete time intervals is generated by a search of a tree of avoidance maneuvers. An exhaustive search com-putes near minimum-time trajectories, whereas a heuristic search generates feasible trajectories for on-line applications. These trajectories are compared to the optimal trajectory computed by a dynamic optimization that minimizes motion time, subject to robot dynamics, its actuator limits and the state inequality constraints due to the moving obstacles. This approach is demonstrated for planning the trajectory of an automated vehicle in an Intelligent Vehicle Highway System scenario.
The Importance of Naturally-Occurring Biological Control in the Western United States

Sweet are the fruits of adversity—for from a patch of forest defoliated perhaps once in a century, to the yearly attacks of bolls by borers in manicured cotton fields, we find tongues in trees, books in running brooks, sermons in stones and good in everything, for the defoliated forests and rotten bolls tell a story of disrupted nature. To paraphrase Shakespeare here would be appropriate, for it was in “As You Like It” that Shakespeare reflected on nature and saw beauty and reason in what appeared ugly. Indeed, defoliated trees and rods of rotten bolls are unpleasant sights, but such products of insect outbreaks tell a story of disturbance, be it natural or man made. We also are made much aware of the potential destructiveness of unleashed phytophagous insect populations.
Improving Access to Kidney Transplantation: Referral Is Not Enough.

Kidney transplantation (KT) is the optimal treatment for eligible patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering longer life expectancy and better quality of life compared with chronic dialysis treatment (1). However, only 13% of patients who develop ESRD join the deceased donor waitlist or receive a transplant from a live donor within 1 year (2), and many patients predicted to have excellent post-transplant outcomes lack access to KT (3). Furthermore, pervasive disparities in access to KT persist despite decades of recognition and efforts to improve equity in transplant access (1, 4), with African-Americans, Hispanics, women, older adults, patients of lower SES or without private insurance, those living in high poverty neighborhoods, and those receiving dialysis at a for-profit center less likely to undergo KT (5-9).
Hormone activity of the common ovarian neoplasm

Abstract 1. 1. In 7 of 12 postmenopausal patients with ovarian neoplasms, there was suggestive clinical and pathologic evidence of estrogen activity. Only 1 of 7 tumors (a granulosa thecoma) was a well-recognized hormone producer. 2. 2. Although increased maturation of the vaginal epithelium, elevated urinary estrogen excretion, and endometrial proliferation in this series offered evidence to suggest estrogen production, correlation of the findings in these areas was equivocal. 3. 3. Parallel histochemical studies of the ovarian tumors and the normal ovary have demonstrated corresponding positive findings in the theca of the mature follicle and the periepithelial stroma of the tumor. The proliferating granulosa and the tumor epithelium were similarly reactive. 4. 4. The similarity of the periepithelial stroma of the tumor, to the theca of the developing follicle suggests the possibility that the mechanical stimulation of the proliferating epithelium or granulosa may be a factor in the activation of the mesenchyme to estrogen production.
Numerical size comparisons in a phonologically transparent script.

When native readers of English are to judge which of two numbers is larger in value, their responses are influenced by the numbers’ physical size. Interference occurs for digit and word modes of presentation when numerical and physical size cues conflict. The present study examined numerical size comparisons for digits and for words written in a syllabic script (Hindi) and in an alphabetic script (English). Significant interference was observed for digits and for English words only. The lack of interference for Hindi number words is discussed in terms of a greater reliance on phonological recoding in phonologically transparent scripts.
SEMICONDUCTOR NANOPARTICLES IN CONTACT : QUENCHING OF THE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE FROM SILICON NANOCRYSTALS BY WO3 NANOPARTICLES SUSPENDED IN SOLUTION

Weblike aggregates of Si nanocrystals and tungsten oxide nanoparticles are produced by a laser vaporization controlled condensation technique. XRD, FTIR, and Raman results confirm that the Si nanoparticles have a diamond-like crystalline structure and WO3 nanoparticles exhibit a monoclinic crystalline structure. Due to the quantum size effect, the band gaps of Si nanocrystals and WO3 nanoparticles shift to higher energies by 0.68 and 0.55 eV, respectively, from the bulk values. The red emission of Si nanocrystals is quenched by adding successive amounts of the WO3 nanoparticles to Si nanoparticles suspended in a methanol solution. The quenching follows Stern−Volmer kinetics and the quenching rate constants are 14.1 × 106 and 3.2 × 106 (Ms)-1 for WO3 and W2O5, respectively. The quenching mechanism is explained by an electron transfer from the CB of the Si to the CB of the WO3 nanoparticles.
Read on identity and harmony – a friendly correction and simplification

At T10O5 however, there are two instantaneous, point-sized objects, one positioned at the 3:00 point and one positioned at the 9:00 point on our wall clock. Name them Here and There. Three is the diachronic fusion of Here with Common and Nine is the diachronic fusion of There with Common. Note that (as advertised) Three and Nine are temporally-con tinuous, spatially-unextended material objects that have a first and last moment of existence and that share all of their temporal parts up until their very last time-slice. Note also that (as advertised) although they never change in size, Three and Nine are a metre apart in distance at their last moment of existence.
Review article: Biliary tree malignancies

Radiation therapy is used as definitive treatment for unresectable bile duct tumors, or as adjuvant therapy after resection. External beam irradiation of 45-50 Gy is generally given whenever feasible. Intraluminal brachy-therapy is a useful technique to deliver higher doses of radiation to the tumor while respecting the tolerance of the surrounding normal tissues. Brachytherapy can be given at a high dose rate or low dose rate via an in-dwelling biliary drainage catheter to boost external beam doses. Brachytherapy alone is reserved for palliative therapy. Techniques should be implemented with care to make them not only effective but safe. The long-term efficacy and morbidity of this mode of radiation should be studied further. Only large prospective trials can lead to resolution of some of the questions yet unsolved in treatment of these challenging malignancies.
Synthesis of (+)-L-733,060, (+)-CP-99,994 and (2S,3R)-3-hydroxypipecolic acid: Application of an organocatalytic direct vinylogous aldol reaction

The γ-butenolide obtained from an organocatalyzed, direct vinylogous aldol reaction of γ-crotonolactone and benzaldehyde serves as the key starting material in the expedient synthesis of a 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl piperidine intermediate which is converted to the target 2,3-disubstituted piperidines.