cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulated annealing in convex bodies and an O*(n/sup 4/) volume algorithm

We present a new algorithm for computing the volume of a convex body in R/sup n/. The main ingredient of the algorithm is a "morphing" technique that can be viewed as a variant of simulated annealing. Its complexity is O*(n/sup 4/), improving on the previous best algorithm by a factor of n.
Current and future health care professionals attitudes toward and knowledge of statistics: How confidence influences learning.

Background: Health care professionals require some understanding of statistics to successfully implement evidence based practice. Developing competency in statistical reasoning is necessary for students training in health care administration, research, and clinical care. Recently, the interest in healthcare professional’s attitudes toward statistics has increased substantially due to evidence that these attitudes can hinder professionalism developing an understanding of statistical concepts. Methods: In this study, we analyzed pre- and post-instruction attitudes towards and knowledge of statistics obtained from health science graduate students, including nurses and nurse practitioners, enrolled in an introductory graduate course in statistics (n = 165). Results and Conclusions: Results show that the students already held generally positive attitudes toward statistics at the beginning of course. However, these attitudes—along with the students’ statistical proficiency—improved after 10 weeks of instruction. The results have implications for curriculum design and delivery methods as well as for health professionals’ effective use of statistics in critically evaluating and utilizing research in their practices.
A facile route to tailoring peptide-stabilized gold nanoparticles using glutathione as a synthon

The preparation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of high purity and stability remains a major challenge for biological applications. This paper reports a simple synthetic strategy to prepare water-soluble peptide-stabilized AuNPs. Reduced glutathione, a natural tripeptide, was used as a synthon for the growth of two peptide chains directly on the AuNP surface. Both nonpolar (tryptophan and methionine) and polar basic (histidine and dansylated arginine) amino acids were conjugated to the GSH-capped AuNPs. Ultracentrifugation concentrators with polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were used to purify precursor materials in each stage of the multi-step synthesis to minimize side reactions. Thin layer chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Visible, 1 H-NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopies demonstrated that ultracentrifugation produces high purity AuNPs, with narrow polydispersity, and minimal aggregation. More importantly, it allows for more control over the composition of the final ligand structure. Studies under conditions of varying pH and ionic strength revealed that peptide length, charge, and hydrophobicity influence the stability as well as solubility of the peptide-capped AuNPs. The synthetic and purification strategies used provide a facile route for developing a library of tailored biocompatible peptide-stabilized AuNPs for biomedical applications.
Identification of autoantibodies elicited in a patient with prostate cancer presenting as dermatomyositis.

Objectives: Dermatomyositis is an uncommon autoimmune disease distinguished by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. Dermatomyositis has also frequently been associated with malignancy, typically heralding the diagnosis of ovarian, lung, gastric, or colorectal cancer. We report an unusual case of prostate adenocarcinoma preceded by a diagnosis of dermatomyositis. We hypothesized that in this particular patient, proteins produced by the neoplastic prostatic tissue, which might be normally expressed in muscle tissue, were immunologically recognized as autoantigens. Methods: Serum from this patient was used to screen a cDNA lambda phage expression library from normal prostate tissue for prostate protein-specific IgG. Results: We identified several immunoreactive plaques encoding known autoantigens, and several encoding known muscle-related proteins, including aldolase C, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 α 1, transgelin, and acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 1. IgG specific for these proteins were not specifically recognized in sera from other patients with prostate cancer compared with male control blood donors, and were not specifically recognized in a small panel of sera from patients with breast or ovarian cancer and dermatomyositis. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that this patient with prostate cancer presenting as dermatomyositis had autoantibodies to specific proteins, possibly associated with his autoimmune myopathy. Moreover, given this patient's history and the multiple treatment options for prostate cancer, the identification of dermatomyositis in men should prompt an evaluation to exclude a concurrent diagnosis of prostate cancer.
A flexible adaptive FIR filter VLSI IC

The architecture and features of the Motorola DSP56200 are described. The DSP56200 is an algorithm-specific cascadable digital signal processing peripheral designed to perform the computationally intensive tasks associated with finite impulse response (FIR) and adaptive FIR digital filtering applications. The DSP56200 is implemented in high-performance, low-power 1.5- mu m HCMOS technology and is available in a 28-pin DIP package. The on-chip computation unit includes a 97.5-ns 24-bit*24-bit coefficient RAM, and a 256-bit*16-bit data RAM. Three modes of operation allow the part to be used as a single, dual, or single adaptive FIR filter, with up to 256 taps per chip. In the adaptive mode, the part performs the FIR filtering and least-mean-square (LMS) coefficient update operations for a single tap in 195 ns, permitting use of the part as a 19-kHz sampling rate, 256-tap adaptive FIR filter. A programmable DC tap, coefficient leakage, and adaptation coefficient parameters in the adaptive FIR mode allow the DSP56200 to be used in a wide variety of adaptive FIR filtering applications. The performance of the part in an echo canceler configuration is presented. Typical applications of the part are also described. >
Numerical validation of computational stress and strain analysis model for notched components subject to non-proportional loadings

Abstract In this paper, a previously developed computational model for the multiaxial stress–strain analysis of the notched bodies is further discussed and validated. The model calculates elastic–plastic stress–strain responses using linear elastic finite element solution of notched components. The validity of the model was presented by comparing results calculated from the proposed model against Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results of SAE 1070 steel notched bar subject to monotonic and cyclic non-proportional loading paths. The comparison showed that the model predicted notch-root elasto-plastic stresses and strains with good accuracy using linear-elastic stresses as a load input. The model becomes a significant advantageous tool and provides more efficient and simple analysis method in comparison to expensive experimental component tests and more complex and time consuming incremental non-linear FEA. The model is particularly efficient and practical to perform the elasto-plastic stress–strain analysis of notched components subjected to complex non-proportional loading paths.
Carbon Nanotube–Based Electrodes for Detection of Low–ppb Level Hexavalent Chromium Using Amperometry

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electrodes, prepared using a printable technique, were investigated for the electrochemical detection of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). CNT pastes were coated onto paper substrates and commercially available screen-printed electrodes and used as amperometric sensors for Cr(VI). The CNT electrodes showed electrochemical current responses as high as 500 nA/ppb Cr(VI) and limit of detection as low as 5 ppb when a large area electrode was used. The CNT-modified, screen-printed electrodes showed good selectivity to Cr(VI) and were effective for quantifying the Cr(VI) levels in cooling tower blowdown water. A selective H2O2 reduction technique was also applied to Cr(VI) detection and integrated into amperometric detection in a flow cell. These studies show that CNT-based electrodes can be promising for field applications and real-time monitoring of low-level Cr(VI) in power plant waters. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0051608jss] All rights reserved.
Application of the missing-indicator method in matched case-control studies with incomplete data

A common practice in matched case-control studies with incomplete data is to perform two analyses in parallel: a matched analysis of the complete pairs and an unmatched analysis of all subjects carried out after breaking the matching in the complete pairs. The missing-indicator method, which has the advantage of making use of the data in the incomplete pairs while still preserving the matching in the complete pairs, is recommended as an alternative method of analysis. It is shown here that its estimate of the odds ratio is a compromise between the odds ratios estimated by a matched analysis of the complete pairs and an unmatched analysis of the incomplete pairs. The method is illustrated using data from a matched case-control study of the risk of childhood leukemia from exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields.
Tolerating Transphobia in Substance Abuse Counseling: Perceptions of Trainees

ABSTRACTOrganizational tolerance for discrimination against people who identify as transgender is a significant social justice issue affecting all organizations, including substance abuse counseling and human services organizations. Substance abuse counseling and human services organizations promote inclusive practices with people of various gender identities and expressions, yet there may be organizational climate factors that challenge inclusive practice. This exploratory study sought to address that gap by examining perceived organizational tolerance for transphobia within a cross-sectional sample of substance abuse counselor trainees completing an internship in the state of Texas. Overall, counselor trainees reported low tolerance of transphobia within their organizations. Yet, the sample offered insights concerning how people with nonbinary gender identity and expression may be otherwise ostracized within their substance abuse counseling and human services organizations. Discussion about how these ex...
Synergistic and Antagonistic Reactions with Beta-propiolactone Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Ingredients

Abstract HARDY and Horsfall (1948) found that a component of normal allantoic fluid interfered with the influenza virus hemagglutination (HA). Hanson and Alberts (1959) reported that heat-treated normal amnio-allantoic (AA) fluid, given intravenously (IV) a short time before intranasal (IN) exposure to a California strain 11914 of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), decreased the susceptibility of 4- to 6-week-old white Plymouth Rock chickens to NDV. This paper describes the effects of a beta - propiolactone (BPL) - inactivated whole embryo infected with the George Boney (GB) NDV vaccine, BPL-inactivated whole embryo ingredients, and BPL-inactivated AA fluid on virulent Newcastle disease of chickens. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE White Leghorn chicks were brooded in isolation until 4 weeks of age. One day before the start of each experiment, the birds were bled and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests were carried out on the individual serum samples. The limitations set forth by Markham et al. (1954) were observed in …
A Single “Consciousness-and-‘I’” From Childhood to Old Age Consciousness in the Study of Human Life and Experience III

This article argues that the fact that most people feel that they have always been “the same person” represents an intrinsic phenomenon of subjective experience in introspection and consciousness in life (it is not just a peculiarity of the memory of the human species as it appears from an “objective” point of view). We summarize this phenomenon by saying the individual feels herself to be a “single consciousness-and-‘I’ from childhood on.” Portraits based on interviews tend to try to give impressions of the participant’s “single consciousness-and-‘I’” at the time of the interviews. We suggest that this “single consciousness-and-‘I’” represents a new, extremely powerful way of understanding subjectivity.
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia as a manifestation of SLE and secondary Sjogren's syndrome

A 47-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosed at age of 35 years was admitted for dyspnoea, substernal chest pain, dry mucosas and difficulty in swallowing. Physical examination revealed vesicular breath sounds bilaterally. Laboratory work showed antinuclear antibody (ANA) (speckled pattern, 1:40), positive anti-Sjogren's syndrome antigen (SSA) and antisingle side band (SSB) and negative double-strand DNA (dsDNA), with normal C3,C4,C50. A high-resolution chest CT scan demonstrated multiple bronchial cysts and diffuse interstitial infiltrates. Surgical lung biopsy revealed emphysematous changes and mild lymphocytic infiltrate around the bronchioles compatible with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia diagnosis. This case illustrates a patient with primary SLE overlapped by initial manifestations of secondary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) presenting with associated autoimmune interstitial lung disease. Antibody markers, high-resolution chest CT scan and surgical lung biopsy were essential in evaluating this patient, confirming the interstitial lymphocytic infiltration of the lung. Primary SS (pSS) is the most commonly associated disease to lung interstitial pneumonia (LIP) (25%). High-resolution chest CT scan demonstrates areas of ground-glass attenuation, suggestive of interstitial disease. Surgical lung biopsy shows pathologic increase of mature lymphocyte cells and histiocytes. Most of the cases have a benign presentation and shortly relapse. Superimposed infection, pulmonary fibrosis and lymphoma develop in less than 20% of cases. Corticosteroids are the primary therapy. While pSS is commonly associated with interstitial lung involvement, secondary Sjogren's syndrome (sSS) is only rare. It has been described the initial sSS presentation by Sica symptoms development only, and our case is the first report of LIP presentation as initial manifestation of sSS. Our patient remained stable after corticosteroids and hydoxychloroquine therapy and no progression of disease after 6 months follow-up.
Teacher Training and Market Attitudes in Transitioning Economies

One of the ancillary goals of economic education programs in transitioning economies is to foster positive attitudes toward market economies. Using a simultaneous equations model to account for the interaction between attitudes and economics knowledge, this research examines the factors that contribute to the pro-market attitudes of teachers participating in economics training programs sponsored by the National Council on Economic Education in Russia, Central Asia and Central and Eastern Europe. Empirical results indicate that training increases the probability participants will possess positive attitudes toward market economies, but that possessing positive attitudes toward free-markets does not necessarily imply greater economics knowledge.
Characteristics of Skin Inflammatory Cells Following Exposure of Mice to Sulfur Mustard

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that causes skin damage characterized by inflammation and blistering. We investigated leukocyte infiltration into mouse skin after SM exposure. The d...
The Migration Solutions of PLC5 to ControlLogix in Soft-water Process Control System

This paper deals with the migration solutions of PLC5 to ControlLogix in soft - water Process Control System.The author gives a brief account of soft - water process flow,the control system architectures and control function are presented.The system conversion solution,new control system's FAT proposal and technical documents are discussed in detailed.The future's optimization suggestion is given in the papers.
The Pharmacodynamics of Switching Between P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists

The P2Y12 receptor antagonists are key components of the medical and invasive management of coronary artery disease. These agents reduce recurrent cardiovascular events in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), decrease the incidence of thrombotic events after percutaneous coronary
Inhibitors and activators of leukocytic proteases in purulent sputum. Digestion of human lung and inhibition by alpha 1-antitrypsin.

Abstract Human serum was found to inhibit the 2 major leukocytic protease activities extractable from purulent sputum. The degree of inhibition correlates directly with the level of alpha 1 -antitrypsin activity of blood, so that subjects with a homozygous or heterozygous deficiency of alpha 1 -antitrypsin had correspondingly reduced abilities to inhibit the leukocytic proteases. This genetic association between antitrypsin deficiency and leukoprotease-inhibitor deficiency suggests that the 2 inhibitor activities are molecularly identical. The leukoproteases were shown to digest a human lung preparation, as well as the usual hemoglobin substrates, and activity on either substrate was inhibited by human serum. These findings lend support to the postulate that an inherited deficiency of alpha 1 -antitrypsin predisposes to the development of pulmonary emphysema by allowing digestion of lung tissue by proteases from leukocytes or macrophages. The kinetics of the 2 major alkaline leukoproteases from purulent sputum are described, as is a survey of the effects of various activators and inhibitors. Significant differences between the 2 enzymes were detected, confirming their individuality.
SU‐F‐P‐47: Estimation of Skin Dose by Performing the Measurements On Cylindrical Phantom

Purpose: To evaluate the skin dose by performing the measurements on cylindrical phantom with 6X beam. Methods: A cylindrical phantom was used to best model a patient surface. The source to surface distance (SSD) was 100 cm at phantom surface along central axis (CAX). The EBT2 films were cut into 2×2 cm2 pieces. Each piece of film was placed at CAX on phantom surface for each measurement at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° gantry angles for field sizes of 5×5, 10×10, 15×15, and 20×20 cm2 respectively. One hundred monitor units (MU) with 6X beam were delivered for each set up. Similarly, the measurements were repeated using lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips (1X1X1 mm3). Two TLD chips were placed for each gantry angle and field size. The calibration curves were produced for both film and TLD. The computed tomography (CT) was also performed on the same cylindrical phantom and dose was evaluated at the phantom surface using Eclipse treatment planning system ( AAA algorithm) for skin dose comparison. Results: Data showed small differences at smaller angles among EBT2, TLD and Eclipse treatment planning system. But Eclipse treatment planning system under estimated the skin dose between 20% and 50% at larger gantry angles (between 40° and 80°) at all field sizes before dose differences began to converge. Conclusion: Given this data, we can conclude that Eclipse treatment planning system under estimated the dose especially between 40 and 80 degrees of obliquity compared to the measurements results. Ideally, this study can be applied largely to head and neck patients where contours differ drastically and where skin dose is paramount.
Uniform distance and error probability properties of TCM schemes

The authors derive a set of conditions that are sufficient for the uniform distance and uniform error probability properties of trellis-coded modulation (TCM) schemes. These results can be extended to encompass transmission over a (not necessarily Gaussian) memoryless channel, where the metric used for detection may not be maximum-likelihood. In particular, the results hold for channels with phase offset or independent, amplitude-only fading. Examples are included to illustrate the applicability of the results. >
USGS scientists open to change

The recent News Feature “Hurdling obstacles” (E. R. Shell, 8 July, p. [116][1]) provided an insightful summary of Marcia McNutt's career. However, we reject the idea that “USGS [U.S. Geological Survey] scientists… were known for their resistance to change.” As interviews with USGS scientists throughout the article demonstrate, scientists in Menlo Park applauded (literally) the changes Director McNutt brought to the USGS when she announced them. The scientists at the USGS continue to do yeoman's work with near level (and due to inflation, effectively declining) budgets. Moreover, their programs are vulnerable to further cuts due to increasing costs of space at the Menlo Park campus. USGS researchers in Menlo Park continue to be world leaders across a broad spectrum of disciplines in the Earth sciences. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.353.6295.116
Estimating the Risk of Radiocontrast-Associated Nephropathy

Estimates of the incidence of radiocontrast-associated nephropathy vary widely and suffer from misclassification of the cause of AKI and confounding. Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we created multiple estimates of the risk of radiocontrast-associated nephropathy among adult patients hospitalized in the United States in 2009. First, we stratified patients according to the presence or absence of 12 relatively common diagnoses associated with AKI and evaluated the rate of AKI between strata. Next, we created a logistic regression model, controlling for comorbidity and acuity of illness, to estimate the risk of AKI associated with radiocontrast administration within each stratum. Finally, we performed an analysis stratified by the degree of preexisting comorbidity. In general, patients who received radiocontrast did not develop AKI at a clinically significant higher rate. Adjusted only for the complex survey design, patients to whom radiocontrast was and was not administered developed AKI at rates of 5.5% and 5.6%, respectively. After controlling for comorbidity and acuity of illness, radiocontrast administration associated with an odds ratio for AKI of 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.97). In conclusion, the risk of radiocontrast-associated nephropathy may be overstated in the literature and overestimated by clinicians. More accurate AKI risk estimates may improve clinical decision-making when attempting to balance the potential benefits of radiocontrast-enhanced imaging and the risk of AKI.
A phase II study of combined fulvestrant and everolimus in metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer after aromatase inhibitor (AI) failure.

541 Background: Fulvestrant, an ER downregulator, can be effective in metastatic ER+ breast cancer but resistance is a problem. Everolimus inhibits mTOR; a key pathway in endocrine resistance. We h...
Categorically misleading, dialectically misconceived: language textbooks and pedagogic participation in Central Asian nation-building projects

ABSTRACTPersian language manuals uniformly adopt national categories such as Persian/Farsi (Iran), Dari (Afghanistan) and Tajik (Tajikistan). These categories at once impose an imagined contrast between the languages at the high register that is in fact marginal, while occluding profound linguistic variation within these nation-states at colloquial registers. Similar schemas apply to Central Asian Turkic languages such as Uyghur and Uzbek, which are closely related at the formal/literary register, but regionally diverse at lower registers. This dominant instructional approach ill prepares language learners for engaging the region on its own terms, rather than through the lens of nationalist aspirations. Students would be better served by an integrative method that teaches a transnational high language (in the case of Persian) while introducing a diverse range of dialects.
The Krieger-Nelson Prize Lectureship

The Krieger-Nelson Prize Lectureship honours outstanding research by women members of the Canadian mathematical community. First awarded in 1995, it is named after Cecilia Krieger (1894–1974), the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics from a Canadian University, and Evelyn Nelson (1943–1987), a prolific researcher in universal algebra. In this chapter, we explore the origins and early history of this prize. Beginning with the social conditions which prompted the establishment of the Committee on Women in Mathematics of the Canadian Mathematical Society (CMS), we then turn to the first projects of this body and the decision of the CMS to establish a lectureship for women in mathematics. Finally, we consider the contributions of those reflected in its eventual name.
CMOS-on-SOI ESD protection networks

ESD robustness of 4 kV HBM is achieved in CMOS-on-SOI ESD protection networks in an advanced sub-0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS-on-SOI technology. Design layout, body contact, floating gate effects and novel ESD protection implementations are discussed.
Using sensors sensibility toward sensor localization and K-coverage problems

In this paper we present a novel approach to using a sensor's sensibility and laser signal to address both sensor node localization and K-coverage problems. After sensors were randomly deployed, a virtual grid was mapped over the deployment area. Location guided laser beams are projected to the centers of grid cells to trigger sensors within one hop of communication range to form sensor clusters in the virtual grid. Therefore, all clusters are aware of their locations within the precision of location guided laser beams. We assume there are redundant sensors in each cluster. Thus the cluster members can operate alternatively (duty-cycle) in active or sleep modes under the coordination of the cluster head to conserve energy while providing sufficient and robust coverage in the presence of both node power depletions and unexpected failures. We introduce two distributed algorithms to form sensor clusters and to manage cluster members in duty cycles while maintaining the required K-coverage. Simulation and analysis results show that our algorithms scales well with overhead cost as a linear function of sensor population in terms of energy consumption.
Drunkenness in the Old Testament: A Clue to the Great Jewish Drink Mystery

This paper is based on a project which is designed to develop a series of tables that catalog and categorize references to alcohol in the sacred scriptures. This report deals with references to alcohol in the Bible — or if you will — the Old Testament. This work appeared in the Drinking and Drug Practices Surveyor (18:18–24, 1982), and similar tables relating to the Apocrypha, the Pseudepigrapha, the New Testament, the Koran, and the Talmud will make their appearance over the next few years. Hopefully, by the time we have finished we shall have mined most of the basic scriptural sources within Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Globalization and Development of New Materials

Chemistry is a branch of science dealing with molecules. It allows us to organize the molecules to build new materials with desired performance and functions which can fulfill human needs. The chemical industry has helped to improve the standard of human life by mass-poduction of commodity materials. It is also contributing to the growth of today’s high-tech industry by supplying smaller, lighter and more functional materials for the betterment of human life. In the future, the chemical industry should continue to contribute to human and the Earth by creating new materials. I firmly believe that without new materials, there would be few innovations and developments in any industries.
Complex Systems Approaches to Understand Drivers of Mental Health and Inform Mental Health Policy: A Systematic Review

We conducted a systematic review of studies employing complex systems approaches (i.e., agent based and system dynamics models) to understand drivers of mental health and inform mental health policy. We extracted key data (e.g., purpose, design, data) for each study and provide a narrative synthesis of insights generated across studies. The studies investigated drivers and policy intervention strategies across a diversity of mental health outcomes. Based on these studies and the extant literature, we propose a typology of mental health research and policy areas that may benefit from complex systems approaches.
Dr. Seuss, The Juice and Fair Use: How the Grinch Silenced a Parody

Every Who down in Whoville liked parody a lot; But the Ninth Circuit Grinches, with jurisdiction over Whoville, did not! They were hostile to parody, whatever the season. Please don't ask why; no one quite knows the reason. It may have been that their ties were too tight, Or perhaps their heads weren't screwed on just right. But I think that the most likely reason of all was that their sense of humor was two sizes too small.
THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF THE HEPATITIS B VIRAL GENOME AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAJOR VIRAL GENES

ABSTRACT The complete sequence (3221 nucleotides) of the hepatitis B viral DNA (adw2 serotype) is reported. The long strand has four major polypeptide coding regions with an aggregate translational capacity of 1613 amino acids (4839 nucleotides). Two genes coding for the major viral proteins have been identified; the previously described surface antigen gene coding for a protein of 25, 398 daltons and the core antigen gene, which codes for a basic polypeptide (21, 335 daltons) with a striking protamine-like sequence at its C-terminus. There are two other putative peptide coding regions: A, which overlaps the surface antigen gene and may code for a protein up to about 95,000 daltons and B, which partially overlaps the core gene and may code for a peptide of about 16,000 daltons. The short strand of the virus is largely devoid of possible peptide coding regions. A single segment capable of coding a peptide of 94 amino acids is identified.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL EVIDENCE FOR A SYNAPTIC RELATION BETWEEN CATECHOLAMINERGIC AND PEPTIDERGIC NEURONS

ABSTRACT Immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Substance P (SP) and methionine (Met5)-enkephalin (ME) in adjacent sections through the locus coeruleus, A2 region and neostriatum of rat brain provides electron microscopic evidence for a synaptic interaction between catecholaminergic neurons labelled with TH and neurons showing positive immunoreactivity for the peptides.
The Urinary Tract: The Inside Story!

The urinary tract system is a group of organs in the body, which are responsible for the excretion of urine. These organs include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra (See Fig. 3.1). In humans, the urinary system includes two kidneys, a pair of tube-like structures, called the ureters, which connect the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder is connected to the urethra, which delivers the urine to the outside of the body. The primary function of the urinary tract system is to remove substances from the blood, to form urine and help to regulate various metabolic processes, including water, ions, pH, and blood pressure. The urinary tract is the plumbing system of the body that works to drain urine produced by the kidneys, store it and then release it during voiding.
Literary Ciceronianism and the Novel

Gustafson offers “literary Ciceronianism” as a major alternative to critique-based approaches to the modern novel. Literary Ciceronianism involves oral genres, multi-perspectival deliberations, characters infused with ethos, and republican themes of the common good and resistance to oppression. Gustafson traces these formal and thematic elements beginning in late-eighteenth-century novels by Godwin and Brockden Brown. She considers the figure of Cicero in Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Melville’s “Bartleby the Scrivener,” as well as the Ciceronian elements in Trollope’s Phineas Finn and Sinclair’s The Jungle. In a case study of Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls she develops a sustained reading of Ciceronian themes and representational strategies. Gustafson concludes with discussions of Ciceronian elements in post-1945 works by McCarthy, Arendt, Mailer, Adiga, Adichie, and Saunders.
A permeable-membrane microchannel heat sink made by additive manufacturing

Abstract Microchannel heat sinks are capable of removing dense heat loads from high-power electronic devices with low thermal resistance, but suffer from high pressure drops due to the small channel dimensions. Features that reduce the pressure drop, such as manifolds, increase fabrication complexity and are constrained by traditional subtractive manufacturing approaches. Additive manufacturing technologies offer improved design freedom and reduced geometric restrictions, expanding the types of features that can be produced and integrated into a heat sink. In this work, a novel permeable membrane microchannel (PMM) heat sink geometry is proposed and fabricated using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) of an aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg). In this PMM design, the cooling fluid is forced through thin, porous walls that act as both conducting fins and membranes that allow flow through their fine internal flow features for efficient heat exchange. The design leverages the ability of this fabrication process to incorporate complex, arbitrarily curved structures having internal porosity to enhance heat transfer and reduce pressure drop across the heat sink. The PMM heat sink geometry is benchmarked against a low-pressure-drop manifold microchannel (MMC) heat sink. A reduced-order model is used to explore the relative performance trends between the designs. Both heat sinks are experimentally characterized at flow rates of 50–500 mL/min using deionized water as the working fluid. At a constant pumping power of 0.018 W, the permeable membrane microchannel design offers both lower thermal resistance (17% reduction) and lower pressure drop (28% reduction) compared to the manifold microchannel heat sink.
A Dynamic Model of Firm Valuation

We propose a dynamic version of the dividend discount model, solve it in closed form, and assess its empirical validity. The valuation method is tractable and can be easily implemented. We find that our model produces equity value forecasts that are very close to market prices, and explains a large proportion of the observed variation in share prices. Moreover, we show that a simple portfolio strategy based on the difference between market and estimated values earns considerably positive returns. These returns cannot be simply explained either by the Fama‐French three‐factor model (even after adding a momentum factor) or the Fama‐French five‐factor model.
The immediate benefits and long-term consequences of briefly presented masked primes on episodic recollection

Abstract Within-trial priming paradigms have been widely used to measure lexical retrieval and familiarity-based processes in speeded pronunciation, perceptual identification, lexical decision, lexical retrieval, and episodic recognition tasks. Here, we introduce a novel within-trial priming paradigm to examine cued recall, which is considered a more recollection-based task. In each experiment, participants initially studied a list of paired-associates (e.g., BADGE-gold). During each recall test trial, 500 ms after the onset of the stimulus cue (BADGE-??????), a pattern-masked prime was briefly presented for either 48 ms or 125 ms, with the task to recall the word (e.g., gold) paired with the cue (BADGE). Across seven experiments, the primes were identical (gold), semantically related (silver), orthographically related (good), or unrelated (chair) to the to-be-recalled response item (gold). The results consistently indicated that the masked identity primes benefited immediate recall at both the 48 ms and 125 ms durations. There was no benefit from the orthographically related prime condition, suggesting that participants were not using partial letter information as an additional cue for memory retrieval. Semantically related primes only produced a benefit in immediate recall at the 125 ms prime duration. Delayed cued recall performance indicated that the facilitatory priming effects observed in immediate recall were eliminated. In addition, results from conditional analyses suggest that the benefits of retrieval in an immediate recall condition are reversed in the delayed recall condition. We consider multiple interpretations of these delayed recall results and argue that the results are in part due to priming influencing an activation-based mechanism in the immediate recall task, which decreases the retrieval demands for the response item to the paired associate cue, and hence, decreases the long-term benefits of retrieval practice.
Critic-buyer effects on valuation of ambiguously appraised products

Abstract Valuation in markets of ambiguously appraised products is often performed by a group of recognized experts using centralized evaluation frameworks. Current business practices and technologies allow these participants to fluidly switch their role from evaluator to consumer. We name participants who occupy both roles as critic-buyer. We draw on the theories of the role transition and endowment effects to theorize the effects of critic-buyers on the final price of goods. We further posit that critics' participation tends to evolve into a network of critic-buyers, which also affects price. We build an affiliation network of critics and test whether centrality in this network relates to final price. Using data from a specialty coffee sales platform, our results show that the transition of critics to critic-buyers positively affects prices by reinforcing these participants' commitment to the product. Therefore, this transition should be encouraged.
From Desegregation to Privatization: A Critical Race Policy Analysis of School Choice and Educational Opportunity in North Carolina

ABSTRACTSchool choice policies and the movement to privatize education have become the currently preferred school reform methods on both the state and federal levels under the guise they will provi...
Non-surgical management of a tibiofemoral knee dislocation in a patient with sarcoidosis

This case presents a patient who sustained a knee dislocation, and who due to her diagnosis of sarcoidosis, other comorbidities, and prolonged use of corticosteroids, external fixation and physical therapy were implemented versus soft tissue reconstruction/repair. Research indicates worse functional outcomes with non-surgical treatment, and guidelines on optimising outcomes in this population are lacking. Integrated care of the patient-even when complex injuries and comorbid medical conditions are present-can lead to positive functional recovery, despite previous data. Evidence from related injuries can be successfully adapted in non-surgical management of these injuries, providing general treatment guidelines.
Spectral Analysis of Transition Metal-Doped MgO "Matched Emitters" for Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion

A new, thermally excited Co/Ni-doped MgO ceramic emitter for TPV energy conversion is described in this work, and termed the “matched emitter” because its emissive power spectrum is very efficiently matched with the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be converted directly into electrical energy by infrared responding GaSb photovoltaic cells. Ligand Field Theory calculations are used to estimate the crystal field splitting energies at high temperatures for Co and Ni-doped MgO matched emitters. Experimental measurements of the high temperature (1300–1400°C) emissive power spectrums for Co and Ni-doped MgO emitters are compared with predictions obtained from ligand field calculations for what is believed to be the first time. It was found that crystal field splitting energies of 10 Dq = 9070 cm−1 represented the “best fit” for the Co-doped MgO high temperature emissive power spectrum, and 10 Dq = 7950 cm−1 for the Ni-doped MgO spectrum. These values are only slightly lower than values reported for corresponding single crystal, transition metal doped laser materials that were measured at or well below room temperature.
The role of ALBI and IGF-CTP score in refining prognostication of HCC.

e16659Background: Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score is widely used in the assessment of prognosis of HCC and CTP-A is the standard criterion for active therapy and clinical trials entry. Recently, AL...
Abstract A15: Improving immune recognition of shared tumor-associated antigens in pediatric tumors using a multimodal oncolytic virus

Immunotherapy is an attractive treatment approach for children because of its precision and reduced toxicity. Unfortunately, pediatric solid tumors often evade immune recognition. Like adult cancers, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment can restrict immune activity. Further complicating this, pediatric cancers have low mutation rates, creating fewer antigenic targets for the immune response. We therefore developed a multimodal oncolytic virus that harnesses the antiviral immune response and redirects it against shared tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in the tumor. Engineering a TAA, Ephrin A2 (EphA2), into the oncoviral (OV) genome circumvents transcriptional/translational arrest and allows TAA overexpression during infection. Our results show that virus-based EphA2 expression (C57BL/6 sequence) induces an immune-mediated antitumor response in syngeneic C57BL/6-based brain and peripheral tumor models, improving survival (e.g., CT2A brain tumor median survival: 43d-TAA virus vs. 30d-parent virus, 29d-Saline; overall survival: 44.4%-TAA virus vs. 12%-parent virus vs 0%-Saline, *p=0.0233). TAA-virus treatment increases CD8 memory effector-like cells in tumor infiltrates (CD62L+, CD44+) and rechallenge studies show abscopal effect in TAA-virus treated survivors. Peptide pulsing studies using splenocytes from survivors show that viral TAA expression induces a circulating EphA2-specific CD8 effector-like (CD8+, CD25+, Granzyme B+) population (14.1%-TAA virus vs 2.6%-parent virus, 0.6% Saline, **p≤0.0098). This multimodal viral platform harnesses the oncolytic and immunostimulatory properties of a next-generation OV to enhance immune activity against tumors expressing shared tumor antigens. Our results suggest that this flexible viral-based platform provides an effective in situ antitumor vaccination approach and could be engineered against multiple antigens for low mutational load tumors. Citation Format: Mohammed G. Ghonime, Justin C. Roth, Naomi J. Barker, Katherine E. Miller, Elaine R. Mardis, Christopher M. Walker, Kevin A. Cassady. Improving immune recognition of shared tumor-associated antigens in pediatric tumors using a multimodal oncolytic virus [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A15.
Stripes, Non-Fermi-Liquid Behavior, and High-Tc Superconductivity

The electronic structure of the high-Tc cuprates is studied in terms of "large-U" and "small-U" orbitals. A striped structure and three types of quasiparticles are obtained, polaron-like "stripons" carrying charge, "svivons" carrying spin, and "quasielectrons" carrying both. The anomalous properties are explained, and specifically the behavior of the resistivity, Hall constant, and thermoelectric power. High-temperature superconductivity results from transitions between pair states of quasielectrons and stripons.
Remembrance of things practiced with fast and slow learning in cortical and subcortical pathways.

The learning of motor skills unfolds over multiple timescales, with rapid initial gains in performance followed by a longer period in which the behavior becomes more refined, habitual, and automatized. While recent lesion and inactivation experiments have provided hints about how various brain areas might contribute to such learning, their precise roles and the neural mechanisms underlying them are not well understood. In this work, we propose neural- and circuit-level mechanisms by which motor cortex, thalamus, and striatum support motor learning. In this model, the combination of fast cortical learning and slow subcortical learning gives rise to a covert learning process through which control of behavior is gradually transferred from cortical to subcortical circuits, while protecting learned behaviors that are practiced repeatedly against overwriting by future learning. Together, these results point to a new computational role for thalamus in motor learning and, more broadly, provide a framework for understanding the neural basis of habit formation and the automatization of behavior through practice. Surprisingly, motor cortex becomes less involved in performing skilled motor behaviors as they are practiced. This is addressed by a model of two descending pathways featuring different types of learning: fast learning in a cortical pathway to maximize rewards and slow learning in a subcortical pathway to reinforce behaviors through repetition.
Miniature lightweight X-ray optics (MiXO) for surface elemental composition mapping of asteroids and comets

The compositions of diverse planetary bodies are of fundamental interest to planetary science, providing clues to the formation and evolutionary history of the target bodies and the solar system as a whole. Utilizing the X-ray fluorescence unique to each atomic element, X-ray imaging spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of diverse planetary bodies. Until now the mass and volume of focusing X-ray optics have been too large for resource-limited in situ missions, so near-target X-ray observations of planetary bodies have been limited to simple collimator-type X-ray instruments. We introduce a new Miniature lightweight Wolter-I focusing X-ray Optics (MiXO) using metal-ceramic hybrid X-ray mirrors based on electroformed nickel replication and plasma thermal spray processes. MiXO can enable compact, powerful imaging X-ray telescopes suitable for future planetary missions. We illustrate the need for focusing X-ray optics in observing relatively small planetary bodies such as asteroids and comet nuclei. We present a few example configurations of MiXO telescopes and demonstrate their superior performance in comparison to an alternative approach, micro-pore optics, which is being employed for the first planetary focusing X-ray telescope, the Mercury Imaging X-ray Spectrometer-T onboard Bepicolumbo. X-ray imaging spectroscopy using MiXO will open a large new discovery space in planetary science and will greatly enhance our understanding of the nature and origin of diverse planetary bodies.
Tuning the Conduction Band for Interfacial Electron Transfer: Dye-Sensitized SnxTi1–xO2 Photoanodes for Water Splitting

Interfacial electron transfer (IET) dynamics in dye-sensitized SnxTi1–xO2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1) were investigated using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, linear absorption spe...