cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pornography Use and Sexual Coercion: Examining the Mediation Effect of Sexual Arousal:

The increased accessibility and use of pornography in Western society highlights the emergent need to understand the relationship between its use and sexual coercion. Decades of research have demonstrated a consistent relationship between pornography use and engaging in sexually aggressive behavior, although what drives this relationship remains largely unexplained. Researchers have recently presented potential explanations for these relationships, such as the use of violent pornography types, the development of aberrant sexual scripts, and the frequency of pornography use. This study seeks to contribute to the explanation by examining the potential mediating effects of sexual arousal on the relationship between pornography use frequency and willingness to engage in verbal and illegal sexual coercive behaviors by examining a sample of male and female college adults. This population reports some of the highest rates of pornography use. The sample of 745 college students were exposed to either an exotic video presentation or a criminal justice lecture, and provided a dating scenario and sexual arousal assessments. Results indicated those young adults that consume pornography more frequently were more likely to experience higher levels of sexual arousal to the erotic video than those who reported little or no use. However, after controlling for several variables significantly related to sexual coercion, arousal did not mediate willingness to engage in verbal or illegal sexual coercive behaviors. Other significant results and implications are discussed.
Defining reg tech terms

Abstract This chapter goes beyond simply defining terms by providing an overview of the entire technology and data ecosystem (within and beyond the food industry) so that readers are able to differentiate between Blockchain, cryptocurrency and ledgers, as well as smart contracts and the cloud. A deep look at disruptive technology and innovation in retail highlights the diversity of the future of food safety technology. Food systems and food supply chains (FSCs) have undergone significant changes in their operations and structure over the last decade as globalization expands both food choice and availability. As FSCs lengthen, and food passes through extended trading relationships, transparency on food origins, methods of cultivation, harvest, processing as well as labor conditions and sustainability are reduced, along with food trust. Moreover, while the rapid pace of technology innovation benefits FSCs, we are witness to the usage of social media platforms by citizen-consumers to amplify the rhetoric related to recurring incidents and crises in food quality, food safety, food fraud, food security, sustainability, and other ethical lapses. Furthermore, we are witness to new evidence on the global burden of foodborne diseases, including noncommunicable diseases that range from severe malnutrition to morbid obesity and from severe illnesses requiring hospitalization to mortality. The World Health Organization claims that 31 foodborne hazards cause 600 million illnesses and 420,000 deaths annually. Overcoming these challenges requires a holistic reframing of our food systems and societal challenges. The emergence of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provides an overarching framework for collaboration and alignment. Japan has put forward a vision for a human-centric, technology-enabled future branded as “Society 5.0.” Increasingly, the redesign of FSCs necessitates a concerted, multistakeholder effort and the development of digitization strategies in order to cope with the evolution toward the vision of Society 5.0 and to achieve the UN SDGs.
Automatic sparse ESM scan using Gaussian process regression

Emission source microscopy (ESM) technique can be utilized for localization of electromagnetic interference sources in complex and large systems. In this work a Gaussian process regression (GPR) method is applied in real-time to select sampling points for the sparse ESM imaging using a motorized scanner. The Gaussian process regression is used to estimate the complex amplitude of the scanned field and its uncertainty allowing to select the most relevant areas for scanning. Compared with the randomly selected samples the proposed method allows to reduce the number of samples needed to achieve a certain dynamic range of the image, reducing the overall scanning time. Results for simulated and measured 1D scans are presented.
Variation Among Pediatric Hand Surgeons When Diagnosing and Treating Distal Radius Fractures

Purpose Distal radius fractures are the most common injury in the pediatric population, but radiographic examination and subsequent classification of these fractures are not standardized. A recent study found poor agreement among pediatric orthopaedic surgeons when diagnosing and treating these fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine if variation exists among pediatric hand surgeons when diagnosing and treating pediatric distal radius fractures. Methods Ten pediatric hand surgeons who commonly treat pediatric distal radius fractures at different …
ω-3 Ethyl ester results in better cognitive function at 12 and 30 months than control in cognitively healthy subjects with coronary artery disease: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids have shown benefit in cognitively impaired subjects, but the effect on cognitively healthy older subjects is unclear. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine if long-term, high-dose ω-3 ethyl esters, EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3), prevent deterioration of cognitive function in cognitively healthy older adults. METHODS A total of 285 subjects with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) on statin treatment were randomly assigned to 3.36 g EPA and DHA or none (control) for 30 mo. Cognitive function was assessed in all 285 subjects at baseline and in 268 and 250 subjects who returned at 12- and 30-mo follow-up, respectively, with neuropsychological testing as a prespecified secondary outcome. A completer's analysis, along with a sensitivity analysis carrying forward the last observation, was performed. RESULTS Over the 30-mo period, subjects randomly assigned to EPA and DHA had significantly better scores than control for verbal fluency, language, and memory (mean: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.25, 1.91; P = 0.011) and 2 tests of visual-motor coordination (mean: -2.95; 95% CI: -5.33, -0.57; P = 0.015 and mean: -9.44; 95% CI: -18.60, -0.30; P = 0.043, respectively). The better scores for EPA and DHA were due to an improvement at 12 mo compared with baseline in verbal fluency, language, and memory (P = 0.047) and 2 tests of visual-motor coordination (P = 0.033 and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas control had no change. Post hoc analyses indicated no difference by age, sex, or diabetes status. CONCLUSIONS Cognitively healthy older adults with stable CAD randomly assigned to high-dose EPA and DHA had improved cognitive function over a 30-mo period compared with control. These findings may be especially important for CAD patients because CAD is a risk factor for cognitive decline.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01624727.
Carbon aerogels with integrated engineered macroporous architectures for improved mass transport

Abstract Carbon aerogels (CAs) combine unique properties including ultra-high surface area, high electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and robust mechanical properties making them ideal materials for electrochemical applications. Traditional CA synthesis results in isotropic, random nanoporous networks that work well for applications relying on diffusional mass transport. However, many applications would benefit from integration of engineered macroporous network structures that enable directed pressure-gradient-driven mass transport. Here, we report on using 3D-printed sacrificial polymeric templates to generate templated CAs (t-CAs) with integrated engineered nonrandom macroporous network structures. Specifically, we used projection micro-stereo-lithography (PμSL) and two-photon polymerization direct laser writing (2PP-DLW) to fabricate millimeter-to-centimeter-sized 3D sacrificial polymeric templates with features ranging from tens of microns (PμSL) to 100s of nanometers (2PP-DLW). T-CAs were fabricated by infiltrating the templates with resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) precursor solution, followed by carbonization at 1050 °C to simultaneously convert the RF gel to a CA and decompose the 3D-printed template, leaving an embedded templated macroporous network structure behind. X-ray computer tomography confirms integration of the macroporous architecture defined by the template. The templated macroporous architecture improves mass transport in t-CAs compared to traditional bulk CA as demonstrated by more uniform activation and their response in electrochemical cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests.
Reliability of a recumbent stepper submaximal exercise test after traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: To determine the test-retest reliability of a total body recumbent stepper (TBRS) submaximal exercise test and to examine its relationship with other measures throughout the International Classification of Functioning that are indicative of overall health in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods: Twenty-three ambulatory individuals with severe, chronic (>6 mos) TBI completed a TBRS submaximal exercise test, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Mayo Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4) at initial testing. A repeat TBRS submaximal exercise test was conducted 4-7 days later. Estimated peak oxygen consumption (VO2) was calculated from the TBRS submaximal exercise test using the VO2 prediction equation. Average daily step count was collected by an activity monitor for the 4-7-day period between tests.Results: Test-retest reliability was good (ICC3,1 = 0.79, p < .001). The difference between the tests was 0.46 ml・kg-1・min-1 which was not statistically different. Neither the 6MWT distance nor gait speed are related to the TBRS-estimated peak VO2. The MPAI-4 total score and adjustment subscale each had a fair relationship with the TBRS-estimated peak VO2 (r = -0.41, p = .05; rs = -0.41, p = .05, respectively).Conclusion: These data suggest that the TBRS submaximal exercise test may be a reliable measure to estimate peak VO2 in ambulatory adults with chronic severe TBI.
A Quantization Framework for Neural Network Adaption at the Edge

Edge devices employing a neural network (NN) inference engine running a pre-trained model often perform poorly or simply fail at unseen situations. Meta learning, consisting of meta training, NN adaptation and inference, has been shown to be quite effective in quickly learning and responding to a new environment. The adaption phase, including both forward and backward computation, should be performed on edge devices to maximize the benefit in the few-shot learning application. However, deploying high-precision, full-blown training accelerators at the edge can be rather costly for most Internet of Things applications. This paper reveals some unique observations in the adaptation phase and introduces a quantization framework, AIQ, based on these observations to support adaption at the edge with inference-level bit widths. AIQ includes two key ideas, i.e., gated weight buffering and dynamic error scaling, to reduce memory and computational needs with minimal sacrifice in accuracy. Major modules of AIQ are synthesized and evaluated. Experimental results show that AIQ saves 41% and 70% weight memory for two widely used datasets while incurring minimum hardware overhead and negligible accuracy loss.
Transfer of Salmonella from inert food contact surfaces to wheat flour, cornmeal and NaCl.

Salmonella contamination in a dry processing facility frequently requires removal methods that are non-aqueous. Removal of pathogens from food processing systems with a purge of uncontaminated dry food materials has been proposed, however, little is known with the respect to efficacy. In this study, survival of Salmonella on inert contact surfaces and transfer of Salmonella from inert contact surfaces to low-moisture foods was evaluated. Six stainless steel and polymeric food contact material types, in bead form, were contaminated at 11 log CFU/mL and then stored at two temperatures, 25°C and 4°C for six months. Simultaneously, three dry food materials/ingredients were used to remove Salmonella from contaminated beads. Wheat flour, cornmeal, and NaCl (1 g each) were mechanically mixed with 3 beads of each material type. The rate of microbial transfer from contaminated beads to food materials was measured. Further experimentation using multiple transfers were applied on two representative beads types, 316 stainless steel and polypropylene, representing common surface contact materials used in processing equipment. Survival of Salmonella on beads depended on storage temperature, surviving longer at 4°C compared to 25°C (p<0.05), but was not influenced by type of bead material. Transfer of Salmonella from stainless steel beads to flour was significantly greater than from plastic (p<0.05). Transfer rates from stainless steel to wheat flour, cornmeal, and NaCl were measured as -0.5713, -0.2592, and -1.4221 Log CFU Salmonella removed/cm 2 /g clean material used. Transfer rates for polypropylene to whole wheat flour, cornmeal, and NaCl were more than 10-fold lower at -0.0156, -0.0148, and -0.0129 Log CFU Salmonella removed/cm 2 /g clean material used. These results indicate that while material type may not influence Salmonella survival during storage, Salmonella is more easily removed from stainless steel than polyethylene.
Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Implications for Higher Education.

This article reviews implications of Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences for higher education—responding to increased access, the necessity of meeting the needs of diverse users, and the accountability movement.
Delta opioid receptor - kappa opioid receptor heteromer signaling in peripheral nociceptors (659.1)

We have found that DOR-KOR heteromers form in peripheral nociceptors (i.e., pain-sensing neurons) (Berg et al., 2012, Mol Pharmacol 81:264-272). Here we sought to better understand DOR-KOR heterome...
Determinants of internet advertising effectiveness: an empirical study

This paper considers the structure of advertising effectiveness on the internet. It investigates empirically the importance of creative and media factors for banner effectiveness. Econometric model...
Crystal structure of the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor KIR2DL1–HLA-Cw4 complex

Inhibitory natural killer (NK) cell receptors down-regulate the cytotoxicity of NK cells upon recognition of specific class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on target cells. We report here the crystal structure of the inhibitory human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 (KIR2DL1) bound to its class I MHC ligand, HLA-Cw4. The KIR2DL1–HLA-Cw4 interface exhibits charge and shape complementarity. Specificity is mediated by a pocket in KIR2DL1 that hosts the Lys80 residue of HLA-Cw4. Many residues conserved in HLA-C and in KIR2DL receptors make different interactions in KIR2DL1–HLA-Cw4 and in a previously reported KIR2DL2–HLA-Cw3 complex. A dimeric aggregate of KIR–HLA-C complexes was observed in one KIR2DL1–HLA-Cw4 crystal. Most of the amino acids that differ between human and chimpanzee KIRs with HLA-C specificities form solvent-accessible clusters outside the KIR-HLA interface, which suggests undiscovered interactions by KIRs.
An evaluation of polarized fuels in a commercial deuterium/tritium tokamak reactor

The benefits and limitations arising from the use of polarized deuterium-tritium fuels are assessed for commercial tokamak fusion reactors. The difference in capital costs for a reactor with and without polarized fueling is quantified for two reactors, one with a beta of 0.067 and a major radius of 7 m and the second with a beta of 0.25 and a major radius of 5.25 m. The change in reactor performance is also quantified. The conclusion is that the sum of all benefits associated with the use of polarized fuels does not result in a significant improvement in the tokamak reactor economics.
Development of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for Characterizing Green-State Ceramic Materials

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging holds great potential for aiding ceramics processing development. NMR is a nondestructive method of analysis which has been in routine use in chemistry, physics, and biology for over 35 years. In these areas, its main applications are in determining chemical composition, molecular or crystal structure, and molecular dynamics.1,2 In 1973, the use of NMR in producing tomographic images of objects was reported.3 The development of NMR imaging (NMRI or MRI) for medical diagnosis is now proceeding at a furious pace.4 However, applications of NMR imaging in the materials sciences are only recently being explored. Our overall objective is to develop NMR methods for nondestructive evaluation in ceramics processing. The present report describes preliminary research directed toward the use of NMR for nondestructively mapping porosity and internal voids in green-state bodies. Some future extensions of this work include the imaging of pore size distribution, and the imaging of binders, plasticizers and other components of the test sample.
Sex differences in hepatic and renal cadmium accumulation and metallothionein induction: Role of estradiol

Abstract The role of estradiol in sex differences in hepatic and renal cadmium accumulation and metallothionein (MT) induction was investigated. Male and female rats and castrated males pretreated with estradiol were injected either i.v. or s.c. with 10 μmol CdCl2/kg. Sex differences in cadmium accumulation and MT induction were apparent after s.c. but not i.v. administration. The female rats accumulated a significantly greater concentration of cadmium in their liver than did the males, as early as 1 hr after the s.c. injection. The elevated levels of cadmium in the females were maintained for at least 10 days. Pretreatment of castrated males with estradiol caused a similarly greater accumulation of cadmium in the liver. Hepatic MT levels peaked in the females at 24 hr and in males 48–72 hr after the cadmium injection and then declined to lower levels. This superinduction of MT occurred only after the s.c. administration of cadmium. MT levels in both sexes plateaued 5 days after the s.c. injection to the levels that were similar to those seen in male and female rats 24 hr after an i.v. injection. In animals injected s.c. with cadmium the renal cadmium levels continued to rise for 5–10 days; however, in animals injected i.v. the levels stabilized within 2hr. The renal MT levels in the females were significantly higher than in the males. Estradiol pretreatment induced renal MT but did not affect renal cadmium accumulation. Thus, the sex differences in hepatic cadmium accumulation and MT induction are affected by the route and time after the administration of cadmium. Furthermore, estradiol causes a more rapid uptake of cadmium by the liver and also an enhanced induction of MT in both the liver and kidney.
Bridgman-grown i − Al 68.9 Pd 21.6 Mn 9.5 quasicrystal: Comparison of α , C P , σ , and χ with those for flux-grown samples

Thermal expansivity ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$, $1--300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$), heat capacity (${C}_{P}$, $1--108\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$), electrical conductivity ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$, $1--300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$) and magnetic susceptibility ($\ensuremath{\chi}$, $1--300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$) data have been obtained for a Bridgman-grown single grain $i{\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Al}}_{68.9}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{21.6}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{9.5}$ quasicrystal (BR) for direct comparison with data previously published for a flux-grown single grain sample [Phys. Rev. B 65, 184206 (2002); PRB], and present $\ensuremath{\sigma},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\chi}$ and ${C}_{P}$ data for a second flux-grown sample described in an earlier publication [Philos. Mag. B 79, 1673 (1999); PM]. Fortuitously, comparative analyses show these samples to have essentially the same composition. At all temperatures, $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and $\ensuremath{\chi}$ for BR are, respectively, approximately one-third and one-quarter those for PRB. The ${C}_{P}$'s are the same $(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1%)$ down to $30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, below which the BR ${C}_{P}$ decreases more rapidly to one-half that for PRB at $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$'s agree to $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2%$ from 300 to $40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, with a more rapid decrease for BR below $30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, eventually to 0.6 ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{PRB}}$ below $4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The total Gr\"uneisen parameters are similar at all temperatures. The two methods for sample growth differ primarily in a quenching of the flux-grown sample to room temperature after growth, while the Bridgman-grown sample cools very slowly, resulting in slightly different phases, and magnetic properties which are associated with lattice defects. An attempt to convert the single grain flux-grown sample to the phase of the Bridgman sample using an $800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ anneal and a slow cool to room temperature was not successful, with the appearance of second phase inclusions. These inclusions are ascribed to slightly different compositions for the two phases [see Boissieu et al., Philos. Mag. A 78, 305 (1998)]. This suggests that a single grain flux-grown sample with an $\mathrm{Mn}$ composition near 9% cannot be converted by annealing and slow cooling into a single grain LT phase, and vice versa. These considerations may not apply to samples with $\mathrm{Mn}$ compositions closer to 8%.
Response of monkey MST neurons to optic flow stimuli with shifted centers of motion

Neurons in the dorsal region of the medial superior temporal area (MSTd) have previously been shown to respond to the expanding radial motion that occurs as an observer moves through the environment. In previous experiments, MSTd neurons were tested with radial and circular motion centered in the visual field. However, different directions of observer motion, relative to the direction of gaze, are accompanied by visual motion centered at different locations in the visual field. The present experiments investigated whether neurons that respond to radial and circular motion might respond differently when the center of motion was shifted to different regions of the visual field. About 90% of the 245 neurons studied responded differently when the center of motion was shifted away from the center of the field. The centers of motion preferred by each neuron were limited to one area of the visual field. All parts of the visual field were represented in the sample, with greater numbers of neurons preferring centers of motion closer to the center of the field. We hypothesize that each of the MSTd neurons has a center of motion field with a gradient of preferred centers of motion, and that there is an orderly arrangement of MSTd neurons with each region of the visual field being represented by a set of neurons. This arrangement creates the potential for graded responses from individual neurons for different directions of heading as an observer moves through the environment.
Synergism of Estrogens and X-Rays In Mammary Carcinogenesis In Female ACI Rats

A previously demonstrated synergistic interaction between diethylstilbestrol (DES) and radiation on rate mammary carcinogenesis was extended to another estrogen, 17-ethinyl-estradiol (EE2). These newly reported results with EE2 demonstrated that the previously reported synergistic interaction between DES and radiation is not confined to just DES. Instead, these new results implied that the synergistic interaction is a synergistic interaction between the estrogenic activity of DES and radiation on rat mammary carcinogenesis. Female inbred ACI rats were used. By the end of the experiment, no neoplasia was detected in rats bearing cholesterol pellets, with an without x-ray exposure. No significant n tumor data were obtained from rats treated with 0.1 mg EE2, with and without x-rays. Approximately 50% of the rats treated with DES and approximately 90% of the rats treated with 1 mg EE2 had 1 or more mammary adenocarcinomas (MAC). X-rays synergistically increased the number of MAC per rat in the groups implanted with DES or 1 mg EE2. X-rays also increased the trend toward earlier increased incidence of rats with MAC as compared to rats treated with estrogens only. All rats treated with DES and 1 mg EE2 had pituitary tumors. The mean weight of the pituitary tumors in themore » groups treated with 1 mg EE2 was approximately 1.5 times that of the groups treated with DES. Mean terminal plasma prolactin levels for rats treated with 1 mg EE2 or DES were, respectively, 17.5 and 9.5 times control values.« less
Effects of changes in infusion rate versus glucose concentration on absorption in infant miniature pig small intestine

Abstract The effect of changes in the rate of infusion versus glucose concentration on glucose, water, and sodium absorption was studied in 20 infant miniature pigs using the single-pass small intestinal perfusion technique. During infusions of glucose loads of up to 75.0 μmol/min, glucose absorption increased similarly whether rate of infusion or glucose concentration was increased. Beyond 75.0 μmol/min, glucose absorption was not altered by changes in infusion rate, but was enhanced by increases in glucose concentration (slope of rate vs. concentration, p
The role of cysteine residues in the catalytic activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Glycerol-3-phosphatedehydrogenase (sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.8) has been shown to be sensitive to inhibition by iodoacetate. The reaction of the enzyme with iodoacetate, which appears to be a simple bimolecular process, is accompanied by a corresponding loss of enzyme activity. In addition to changes in activity, the alkylation reaction was monitored by the incorporation of radioactivity from iodo[2-14C]acetate, by changes in amino acid composition, and by changes in the content of free sulfhydryl groups. It is concluded that there are two cysteine residues in the native dimeric enzyme which are essential for enzymic activity. The rate of inactivation was relatively insensitive to the presence of various compounds with the exception of NADH which markedly inhibited the reaction. Kinetic and binding studies showed that the binding of NADH prevents alkylation and, conversely, alkylation prevents NADH binding. From the pH dependence of the alkylation reaction, the pKa of the essential sulfhydryl groups was calculated to be 8.5 and it is suggested that the binding of coenzyme is independent of the state of ionization of these groups.
An Investigation of WISC-R Verbal-Performance Differences as a Function of Ethnic Status.

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised was administered to 187 black, 184 Hispanic, and 184 white children aged 6–11. The Verbal-Performance (V-P) IQ discrepancies were determined for the total group and for each ethnic group. The overall mean of 10.74 was similar to the V-P discrepancy found in the WISC-R standardization sample. The Hispanic group had a significantly greater V-P split than did the black group or the white group. Implications of these results were discussed, focusing on the various cautions of using V-P discrepancies for diagnostic decision making.
Enterovirus en aguas naturales de Valparaíso: una propuesta metodológica para su análisis

In Chile, water sanitary quality is determined by the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria. However, numerous investigations have shown that achieving minimum fecal coliform standards do not predict viral contamination, such as enteric viruses. Enteroviruses are microorganisms causing several infections and massive outbreaks of illness which represent a serious risk for public health. In the present study, performed during 2001-2003 in Valparaiso, central Chile, natural water samples were collected from five streams and processed for enterovirus detection by tissue culture and reverse transcription (RT) associated to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). None enterovirus was found in any of the natural stream waters. Simulation of an infection, in drinking water and water from one stream was used to check RT-PCR detection of enterovirus
Terfenol-D tunable mechanical resonator

The control of Terfenol-D's operational elastic modulus offers opportunities for novel devices and applications capitalizing on real time changes in material stiffness. This work describes the development and testing of a Terfenol-D transducer employed as a wide-band variable frequency mechanical resonator. The design and construction of such a wide-band mechanical resonator for testing under controlled thermal, magnetic and dynamic mechanical load conditions are described. Changes in Terfenol-D's elastic modulus, the (Delta) E effect, approaching 266% are demonstrated in the mechanical resonator utilizing a range of d.c. applied magnetic field levels of less than 61.0 kA/m. The elastic modulus and damping characteristics of Terfenol-D critical to the successful design of devices employing the (Delta) E effect are examined. This conference paper is a shortened version of the paper titled Wide band tunable mechanical resonator employing the (Delta) E effect of Terfenol-D that has been submitted for peer reviewed journal publication.
Traumatic brain injury regulates adrenocorticosteroid receptor mRNA levels in rat hippocampus

Glucocorticoid activation of two types of adrenocorticosteroid receptors (ACRs), the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), influences the vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to insult. To examine the potential impact of ACR activation following traumatic brain injury (TBI), the current study assesses regulation of MR and GR expression and glucocorticoid levels following controlled cortical impact (CCI). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated for 48 h with vehicle, the MR antagonist spironolactone, or the GR antagonist mifepristone (RU486). On day three, subjects were sham-operated or injured by unilateral CCI. In situ hybridization analysis determined that pretreatment with either MR antagonist spironolactone or GR antagonist RU486 increased 24-h hippocampal GR mRNA levels in sham-operated animals only, suggesting that MR and GR regulation of GR mRNA is suppressed following TBI. Injury decreased GR mRNA levels in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus of all pretreatment groups and bilaterally increased MR mRNA levels in CA3 of antagonist-pretreated animals. One day post-injury, plasma corticosterone levels were comparable in sham and injured animals pretreated with vehicle. A separate group of animals that did not receive pretreatment injections prior to sham operation or injury were included for a 24-h time course analysis of plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels. Injury increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activation for approximately 6 h following injury. These results indicate that hippocampal ACR mRNA levels and HPA activation are altered by TBI. Regulation of MR and GR expression following TBI may influence hippocampal neuron viability by modulating glucocorticoid signaling after injury.
The DNA Replication and Damage Checkpoint Pathways Induce Transcription by Inhibition of the Crt1 Repressor

We have identified the yeast CRT1 gene as an effector of the DNA damage and replication checkpoint pathway. CRT1 encodes a DNA-binding protein that recruits the general repressors Ssn6 and Tup1 to the promoters of damage-inducible genes. Derepression of the Crt1 regulon suppresses the lethality of mec1 and rad53 null alleles and is essential for cell viability during replicative stress. In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, Crt1 becomes hyperphosphorylated and no longer binds DNA, resulting in transcriptional induction. CRT1 is autoregulated and is itself induced by DNA damage, indicating the existence of a negative feedback pathway that facilitates return to the repressed state after elimination of damage. The inhibition of an autoregulatory repressor in response to DNA damage is a strategy conserved throughout prokaryotic and eukaryotic evolution.
Sulfhydryl groups, a factor in the polymorphism of succinyl-CoA synthetase (GDP-forming)

Abstract Sulfhydryl reagents and oxidized CoA were examined for their effects on the various forms of pig heart succinyl-CoA synthetase (GDP-forming)(succinate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming), EC 6.2.1.4, also known as succinate thiokinase. Upon treating the polymorphic enzyme with mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol, the pI 6.2 species was converted to the pI 6.0 form, indicating that the redox states of the enzyme sulfhydryl groups may be responsible for the differences in isoelectric points. Titration of the pI 6.2 and 6.0 enzymes with 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate yielded 35.5 and 38.5 moles of sulfhydryl group per mole of enzyme, respectively. Therefore it appears that the two enzyme forms do not have greatly different sulfhydryl group contents and that only a small number, possibly one or two disulfides are reduced to free sulfhydryls by dithiothreitol in the conversion of the pI 6.2 to pI 6.0 enzyme form. Incubation of succinyl-CoA synthetase with oxidized CoA before electrofocusing resulted in the formation of two enzyme species with isoelectric points of 5.3 and 5.2; each form had the same amount of bound CoA per unit of enzymic activity. These forms were not observed when dithiothreitol was added to the incubation mixture. Also, the CoA bound to the enzyme was discharged by dithiothreitol, indicating that a disulfide compound is formed from succinyl-CoA synthetase and oxidized CoA. Both the pI 5.3 and 5.2 enzymes contained exchangeable phosphate.
Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling in 1-μm Nb Josephson Junctions

The probability distributions for switching out of the superconducting state of low-cur-rent-density 1-\ensuremath{\mu}m Nb Josephson junctions with capacitance \ensuremath{\approx} 0.1 pF have been measured as a function of temperature $T$ down to 3 mK. Below 100 mK the distribution widths become independent of $T$. The results are in excellent agreement with predictions for the quantum tunneling of the (macroscopic) junction phase that include the reduction of tunneling rates due to dissipation.
Toxic Shock Syndrome With Staphylococcus aureus Exit-Site Infection in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) associated with exit-site infection but without peritonitis has not been described. We report a case of TSS with an isolated Staphylococcus aureus exit-site infection in a boy on chronic peritoneal dialysis. The exit site had minimal erythema and no purulence. This report re-emphasizes the fact that mildly appearing cutaneous infections in patients with chronic renal failure may have significant consequences. Particular attention should be given to patients who present with constitutional symptoms that may be of short duration. The importance of culturing all sites in such cases is highlighted. The prevalence of TSS with exit-site infections is unknown, but TSS should be considered in patients presenting with similar features.
Teacher as knower and learner: Reflections on situated knowledge in science teaching

I argue from an understanding of current feminist philosophy that a teacher's practice reflects changing experiences, knowledge, values, and identities, and as such can be productively thought of as a site for learning as much as a site for expounding upon what is known. This suggests a vision for what constitutes effective practice different from that commonly held in science. I argue that praxis proceeds from the personal epistemological standpoints of the teacher (defined as standpoint theory). This knowledge is only partially applicable to particular situations in the classroom. The hallmark of feminist pedagogy, if conceptualized as derivative from standpoint theory, is to “take everyday life as problematic” (Smith, 1991, p. 88). Implicit in such a conceptualization is that pedagogy starts from an explicit recognition of everyday life and both builds from and questions that beginning. This is true for students and also for the teacher, and is the root of my claim that through teaching, the teacher becomes a learner. The immediate circumstances in which teaching occurs present different and unique qualities from those in which the teacher's knowledge and value were created. As a teacher, I am therefore continuously confronted with the inadequacy of my knowledge. The circumstances and children's activities tell me that I need to do things differently. In this situation, the act of teaching as an assertion of knowing becomes a recognition of not-knowing. Teaching becomes an occasion for learning about subject matter, children, and self. I recount an example of teaching in a first-grade classroom to give this argument substance. This story is an example from my own teaching in which parallels between scientific theorizing and storytelling are drawn and capitalized upon as a vehicle for critical thinking in science. This became an occasion for reflecting upon the appropriateness of those values because of the multicultural qualities of the classroom. J Res Sci Teach 35: 427–439, 1998.
Effect of strain rate on subcritical growth of cracks

Strain rate effect on crack growth within subcritical load range, deriving expressions for rate-independent and rate-dependent quasi-brittle solids
Occult Drosophila calcium channels and twinning of calcium and voltage-activated potassium channels

In the membrane of the flight muscle cells of developing Drosophila a large calcium-sensitive potassium current, IKc, was found. It was present before the development of voltage-activated potassium channels and seems to be the first potassium current to develop in the membrane. Also present in these early cells were large numbers of occult (hidden) calcium channels, which remained inactive until the end of pupal development. These inactive calcium channels could be made to function by injecting adenosine triphosphate or ethyleneglycol tetraacetic acid into the early cells. IKc has kinetic properties resembling the later developing voltage-sensitive current IKv, and is distinct from the fast, transient calcium-dependent outward current IAc, which appears much later in development. IAc closely resembles the voltage-sensitive current IAv, also present in these cells. Thus, both of the voltage-sensitive potassium channel types, IAv and IKv, have similar calcium-sensitive counterparts, IAc and IKc, that are present in the same cells.
Construction of H1-conforming hierarchical shape functions for elements of all shapes and transfinite interpolation

The paper reviews the construction of hierarchical H^1-conforming shape functions for 1D (edge), 2D (triangle, quad) and 3D (hexahedron, tetrahedron, prism, pyramid) elements. The logic of implementation is based on identifying a set of core (kernel, bubble) 1D and 2D functions, and the use of specific edge-to-element and face-to-element extensions. The resulting implementation allows for an instantaneous modification (or redefinition) of core functions without any changes in the rest of the FE code. The 3D shape functions conform automatically to 1D edge and 2D face shape functions defined in local edge and face coordinates. In other words, the dependence of 3D shape functions on different edge and face orientations is taken into account at the level of element shape functions routine. This eliminates the use of sign factors during the assembly and simplifies dramatically the implementation of constrained approximation allowing for the presence of hanging nodes. The construction of shape functions is directly related to transfinite interpolation techniques used in mesh based geometry (MBG) descriptions.
Wearable Doppler radar with integrated antenna for patient vital sign monitoring

A 2.45 GHz wearable Doppler radar unit with radio data link is presented for use in portable patient monitoring and emergency response. Unlike portable Electrocardiograms (ECG) or Photoplethysmography (PPG), the near-field Doppler unit enables monitoring of the person's heart rate without the need for electrical contact or optical access to the patient's skin. The Doppler unit is designed to be embedded in a clothing garment such as a shirt or vest, or used by medical emergency personal in an instrumented blanket or medical stretcher. Since the Doppler unit is placed directly on or behind the patient's torso, the extraneous signals due to relative motion artifacts is greatly reduced. Low-cost design is achieved by employing PWB microstrip elements for the integrated patch antenna, microwave oscillator, and tuning elements. Also, since the distance between the Doppler unit and the patient is fixed, it was possible to tune the detection phase to enable the use of a single mixer diode and eliminate the need for quadrature detection. Measured heart data from this technique shows clear waveform substructure similar to PQRST complex features found in captured ECG data.
Heparin kinetics: Variables related to disposition and dosage

A method to determine heparin kinetics and dosage requirements was examined in 20 patients with active thromboembolic disease. Pretreatment heparin sensitivities were determined to establish the relationship between heparin concentration and activated partial thromboplastin times (APTTs). After an initial bolus dose, serial APTTs were measured, heparin concentrations were estimated, and kinetic determinations followed. Heparin elimination rate, distribution volume, and clearance were used to calculate dosage requirements. There was a 500% range in pretreatment heparin sensitivities. Smokers had more rapid heparin elimination rates and t½s than nonsmokers did. Men had more rapid drug clearances than women did. Body weight was related to heparin dosage requirements. Patients treated early after onset of symptoms required higher doses than patients in whom treatment was delayed. A multiple regression model was developed for heparin dosage requirements from body weight, sex, delay between onset of symptoms and treatment, and smoking. This statistical model explained 78% of the variance in heparin requirements. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1981) 29, 387–393; doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.53
The Missing Child in Child Protection: The Constitutional Context of Child Maltreatment From Meyer to DeShaney

This paper employs DeShaney v Winnebago County (1989) as an illustration of how the law has lost sight of the interests of children in cases of child maltreatment. The historical constitutional context of child maltreatment – balancing state’s interests and parental rights – is discussed. The opinions in DeShaney and two of the major criticisms of the majority’s opinion – the action versus inaction dichotomy and the restrictive interpretation of the special relationship doctrine – are then considered. Legislatively created entitlements to protection are suggested as an avenue of relief for injured children which also necessitates a focus on the rights and interests of children.
Family formation and the frequency of various kinship relationships.

Abstract A set of age-specific rates of birth and death implies expected numbers of kin. An individual girl or woman chosen at random out of a population whose birth and death rates are specified can be expected to have a certain number of older sisters, younger sisters, nieces, cousins; expressions for these values are provided for both total kin and kin who are still living. Included also are the probabilities of living mother, grandmother, and great grandmother for girls and women of various ages. The methods are applicable to the size of the nuclear and the extended family. All formulas have been programmed and specimen numerical values are given.
Interpretation of mass spectra from organic compounds in aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Organic compounds containing a variety of functional groups have been analyzed using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Both positive and negative laser desorption/ionization mass spectra have been acquired for compounds of relevance to ambient air particulate matter, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic analogues, aromatic oxygenated compounds such as phenols and acids, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and reduced nitrogen species such as amines. In many cases, positive ion mass spectra are similar to those found in libraries for 70-eV electron impact mass spectrometry. However, formation of even-electron molecular ions due to adduct formation also plays a major role in ion formation. Negative ion mass spectra suggest that organic compounds largely disintegrate into carbon cluster fragments (Cn- and CnH-). However, information about the heteroatoms present in organic molecules, especially nitrogen and oxygen, is carried dominantly by negative ion spectra, emphasizing the importanc...
Age and Stress History Effects on Spatial Performance in a Swim Task in Fischer-344 Rats

Abstract This study determined whether prior habituation to water immersion would ameliorate age-related deficits in learning and memory in a swim task. Aged (22 months) and young adult (3 months) rats were immersed in water (30°C) for 15 min on each of 28 consecutive days before training in the swim task. Additional groups of age-matched animals served as handled controls. Training on a spatial discrimination version of the water task was conducted over 5 days with two trials per day (1-h intertrial interval). A probe trial was substituted for the last trial on the fifth day to assess the rats’ use of spatial information. Three days later, rats received cue discrimination training to find a visible platform. In the spatial task, prior habituation to water immersion ameliorated deficits in acquisition within each day (i.e., at a 1-h intertrial interval) but not across days (at 24 h). The results obtained with the 24-h interval confirm the rapid forgetting characteristic of aged rats in many tasks. The stress-habituation procedures reduced age-related deficits seen on the probe trial and on cue discrimination training. These findings indicate that several aspects of age-related impairments in the swim task, often attributed to primary age-related deficits in learning and memory processes per se, may instead be secondary to age-related differences in stress responses to water immersion.