cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of microbial associations with methanotrophic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria through statistical comparison of nested Magneto-FISH enrichments

Methane seep systems along continental margins host diverse and dynamic microbial assemblages, sustained in large part through the microbially mediated process of sulfate-coupled Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane (AOM). This methanotrophic metabolism has been linked to consortia of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). These two groups are the focus of numerous studies; however, less is known about the wide diversity of other seep associated microorganisms. We selected a hierarchical set of FISH probes targeting a range of Deltaproteobacteria diversity. Using the Magneto-FISH enrichment technique, we then magnetically captured CARD-FISH hybridized cells and their physically associated microorganisms from a methane seep sediment incubation. DNA from nested Magneto-FISH experiments was analyzed using Illumina tag 16S rRNA gene sequencing (iTag). Enrichment success and potential bias with iTag was evaluated in the context of full-length 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, CARD-FISH, functional gene clone libraries, and iTag mock communities. We determined commonly used Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) iTAG primers introduced bias in some common methane seep microbial taxa that reduced the ability to directly compare OTU relative abundances within a sample, but comparison of relative abundances between samples (in nearly all cases) and whole community-based analyses were robust. The iTag dataset was subjected to statistical co-occurrence measures of the most abundant OTUs to determine which taxa in this dataset were most correlated across all samples. Many non-canonical microbial partnerships were statistically significant in our co-occurrence network analysis, most of which were not recovered with conventional clone library sequencing, demonstrating the utility of combining Magneto-FISH and iTag sequencing methods for hypothesis generation of associations within complex microbial communities. Network analysis pointed to many co-occurrences containing putatively heterotrophic, candidate phyla such as OD1, Atribacteria, MBG-B, and Hyd24-12 and the potential for complex sulfur cycling involving Epsilon-, Delta-, and Gammaproteobacteria in methane seep ecosystems.
Significance and points of the monitoring in boiler chemical cleaning process

From the structural characteristics of the boiler equipment,cleaning results of evaluation methods,technical expertise,cleaning of the market factors,analysied the meaning of supervision of boiler chemical cleaning process;with the technical supervision of the whole process of thinking;and analysied the qualification and capacity,technical program,the temporary system,drug control,cleaning,process monitoring,cleaning outcome assessment,summary report of the technical aspects of monitoring points.
Teachers' Conduct Code and the Inspirations in Character Education in America

The character education in America stresses that teachers should follow some conduct code in teaching activities,so as to promote moral growth of students,so that they will become qualified citizens.The contents of conduct code include measurement of moral value,moral responsibility,moral rights,and virtue,etc.The major characteristics of a conduct code are that teachers are moral parties,that teachers roles are cooperators,and that the status of teachers is dependent rights and responsibilities.The conduct code plays an enlightening role in moral education in China.
Analysis on metabolic syndrome in the rural area of Changshu

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of metabolic syndrome in the rural area of Changshu. [Methods] A stratified cluster sampling technique was conducted to select a population sample of 35 years old and over in four rural villages. Waist circumference(WC),blood pressure,blood glucose and serum lipid were examined and analyzed. [Results] The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 8.83% in this area. The prevalence among male was lower than that among female, and it increased with age. The group with less physical activities had more metabolic syndrome. The chief signs of metabolic syndrome were aggregative proportion of WC, high triglycerid and hypertension. [Conclusion] It is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of metabolic syndrome in community, especially for the group with high WC, hypertriglycerides and hypertension.
Early Proterozoic Ductile Reworking of Archean Basement in the Central Laramie Range: A Complex Response to the Cheyenne Belt, Trans-Hudson and Central Plains Orogens

The central Laramie Range of southeastern Wyoming lies along the southeastern margin of the Wyoming Archean province. The southern margin of the province in this area is defined by the Cheyenne Belt, a suture zone that marks the interface between Archean rocks to the north and early Proterozoic juvenile crust (< 1.8 Ga) to the south. The eastern margin of the Wyoming craton, just east of the central Laramie Range, is buried beneath Phanerozoic cover. However, drill core and geophysical data indicate that this boundary is marked by the southern projection of the early Proterozoic Trans-Hudson orogen (THO), which is generally interpreted as a collisional orogen that formed between the Wyoming and Superior Archean cratons. The THO extends to the south from exposures in Canada, through the Black Hills, to a buried intersection with the Central Plains orogen (CPO). Like the Cheyenne Belt, this northern boundary of the CPO marks the northern limit of juvenile crust younger than 1.8 Ga.
Slow Current Discharges and Quenching of the MSU Superconducting Cyclotron Gas-Stopper Magnet

The Michigan State University cyclotron gas-stopper magnet generates a strong focusing cyclotron magnetic field that permits an ion beam of up to 100 MeV/u to enter the magnet and have most of its energy reduced by low-pressure helium gas. The magnet has two superconducting coil cryostats mounted within warm iron poles and a warm split iron return yoke. The coils are connected in series using room temperature cables. The peak magnet stored energy is 3.5 MJ. The magnet has been tested to its full operating current of 180 A. During tests, the magnet discharged inadvertently three times. Two low-current discharges caused the magnet current to decay through the power supply system. A discharge at 180 A quenched the magnet, because the quench protection system caused the magnet to discharge across a 1.25-Ω resistor. This fired the cold quench protection diodes within the cryostat, quenching both coils. The magnetic field in the gap was measured as the magnet discharged. For the two low-current discharges, the magnetic field followed the current in the external magnet circuit. During a quench, the magnetic field decay rate was much slower than the external circuit current decay rate.
Increasing Teachers’ Use of Behavior-Specific Praise Using a Multitiered System for Professional Development:

Successful instruction is contingent upon effective classroom management. Unfortunately, not all teachers are effective classroom managers and many require in-service professional development (PD) ...
NAC: name-based access control in named data networking

As a proposed Internet architecture, Named Data Networking must provide effective security support: data authenticity, confidentiality, and availability. This poster focuses on supporting data confidentiality via encryption. The main challenge is to provide an easy-to-use key management mechanism that ensures only authorized parties are given the access to protected data. We describe the design of name-based access control (NAC) which provides automated key management by developing systematic naming conventions for both data and cryptographic keys. We also discuss an enhanced version of NAC that leverages attribute-based encryption mechanisms (NAC-ABE) to improve the flexibility of data access control and reduce communication, storage, and processing overheads.
Policy response and service provision to child victims of commercial sexual exploitation in the West African region

ABSTRACTFollowing the three World Congresses on commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) in 1996, 2001, and 2008, many African countries adopted policies against CSEC. Yet, there is almost no knowledge on the service provision to victims in these countries. A mixed research method was used to explore the responses to victims in three countries in West Africa. Convenience sampling was used to select 709 children in prostitution and 64 leaders of structures providing services to victims. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from the children and four semi-structured interview guides were used to collect data from the leaders of the structures. The findings show that the needs of CSEC victims in West Africa diverged with those suggested in the literature, which partly explains why few victims could access any services. The service provision to victims in the region is dissimilar to care models identified in the literature, especially regarding trauma-focused care. An inadequate service pr...
Is There a Role for Human-Induced Climate Change in the Precipitation Decline that Drove the California Drought?

AbstractThe recent California drought was associated with a persistent ridge at the west coast of North America that has been associated with, in part, forcing from warm SST anomalies in the tropical west Pacific. Here it is considered whether there is a role for human-induced climate change in favoring such a west coast ridge. The models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project do not support such a case either in terms of a shift in the mean circulation or in variance that would favor increased intensity or frequency of ridges. The models also do not support shifts toward a drier mean climate or more frequent or intense dry winters or to tropical SST states that would favor west coast ridges. However, reanalyses do show that over the last century there has been a trend toward circulation anomalies over the Pacific–North American domain akin to those during the height of the California drought. The trend has been associated with a trend toward preferential warming of the Indo–west Pacifi...
Ausforging Of Alloy Steels

A means for producing parts having properties superior to those attainable by conventional techniques
Nested stromal-epithelial tumor of liver with recurrent extrahepatic metastasis: Role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography

Nested stromal-epithelial tumor (NSET) is a very rare nonhepatocytic and nonbiliary primary tumor of the liver. An 8-year-old boy was incidentally detected with hepatic lesions, involving both lobes of the liver for which he later underwent orthotopic liver transplant. The hepatic lesions were confirmed to be NSET following histopathological examination of explant liver specimen. He later developed recurrence with multiple metastatic lesions, including multi-station nodal and right talar bone involvement. We here present the case highlighting the importance of 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the management of this rare tumor, in particular for monitoring disease progression and/or recurrence.
Anaerobic Production of Chemicals

Anaerobic fermentations are among the oldest industrially practiced fermentation processes. The production of acetone and butanol, for example, by the well-known Weizmann process, dates as far back as 1916 [1]. In spite of such a long record, anaerobic processes are not, at the present time, among the most important fermentation-based industries. This has resulted from the tremendous development of the petrochemical industries starting in the 1950s and the consequent displacement of the fermentation routes by the more economically attractive petrochemical processes.
Feasibility Study on Concrete Performance Made by Partial Replacement of Cement with Nanoglass Powder and Fly Ash

In this paper, the feasibility of using nanoglass as a partial replacement of cement in combination with fly ash was investigated. Three concrete mixtures made with fly ash and nanoglass as cement replacements were studied as a preliminary investigation. The first mixture contained 25% class F-fly ash (FA) and 0% nanoglass powder (NGP); the second mixture had 12.5% class F-FA with 12.5% NGP; while the third mixture had 0% class F-FA, with 25% NGP. In all the mixtures, the water-to-cementitious (w/cm) ratios were kept constant at 0.42. Fresh properties of each mixture were tested, which included air content and workability. Expansion due to potential alkali–silica reaction (ASR) was also tested, as well as mechanical properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. It was observed that the increase in NGP content beyond 12.5% in the presence of 12.5% class F-fly had a negative effect on the concrete fresh and mechanical properties. Overall, the addition of NGP enhanced the mechanical properties of the concrete, and the expansion due to ASR is less than 0.1% which is the threshold value.
Techniques in gastrointestinal endoscopy: surgical endoscopy

Abstract Surgical endoscopy training has traditionally resembled an apprenticeship model, with trainees performing an increasing portion of procedures under the direct supervision of an experienced physician. Due to increasingly variable training environments and the widely supported view that numbers alone do not necessarily parallel competency, many objective tools have been developed to educate trainees and ensure that we are training safe and effective endoscopists. This chapter will focus on the tools by which trainees can be objectively and uniformly assessed in their ability to practice safe and proficient surgical endoscopy.
Atlas de fotos

Apresenta-se nesse capitulo fotos das principais lesoes macroscopicas descritas na casuistica do volume 1 do Boletim de Diagnostico do Laboratorio de Patologia Veterinaria.
Big things come in small packages: why limnologists should care about small ponds

Abstract There is a substantial, and increasing, body of evidence that small ponds are critically important in diverse landscapes around the world by providing habitat, processing carbon, and mediating hydrological and nutrient fluxes to other larger surface waters (rivers, lakes, coastal). They are also among the most abundant surface water bodies in many areas. In an urbanizing planet, ecosystem services provided by ponds may become even more important. However, they have been historically neglected by limnologists and including them in global analyses can still be problematic. We propose that more limnologists should include small ponds in research programs; and we argue that these are also ideal systems for teaching the next generation of limnologists as well as for engaging the public.
Executive Functioning in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Meta-analytic Review.

BACKGROUND Examining executive functioning (EF) posttransplant has become increasingly prevalent, as EF deficits are associated with poor disease-related outcomes and psychosocial functioning. The purpose of the current meta-analysis was to compare overall and domain-specific EF between healthy youth and those with a kidney, heart, or liver transplant, and identify moderating variables related to EF differences between these 2 groups. METHODS A literature search of PsycINFO, Pubmed, and Medline was conducted for eligible articles published until January 2019. Twenty studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the present meta-analysis. RESULTS Results from the random-effects model indicated a significant standardized mean difference in overall EF skills with transplant recipients demonstrating worse EF (g = 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.50) than healthy youth. Specifically, transplanted youth had worse working memory (g = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.01-0.66), processing speed (g = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19-0.62), attentional control (g = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33-0.73), and metacognitive skills (g = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18-0.54). Assessment type and time since transplantation were not significant moderators. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients demonstrate worse overall EF skills and deficits in working memory, processing speed, attentional control, and metacognitive skills. Many children who have undergone solid organ transplantation will require additional support in medical and academic settings because of deficits in various EF domains.
Microribbon-hydrogel composite scaffold accelerates cartilage regeneration in vivo with enhanced mechanical properties using mixed stem cells and chondrocytes

Abstract Juvenile chondrocytes are robust in regenerating articular cartilage, but their clinical application is hindered by donor scarcity. Stem cells offer an abundant autologous cell source but are limited by slow cartilage deposition with poor mechanical properties. Using 3D co-culture models, mixing stem cells and chondrocytes can induce synergistic cartilage regeneration. However, the resulting cartilage tissue still suffers from poor mechanical properties after prolonged culture. Here we report a microribbon/hydrogel composite scaffold that supports synergistic interactions using co-culture of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and neonatal chondrocytes (NChons). The composite scaffold is comprised of a macroporous, gelatin microribbon (μRB) scaffolds filled with degradable nanoporous chondroitin sulfate (CS) hydrogel. We identified an optimal CS concentration (6%) that best supported co-culture synergy in vitro. Furthermore, 7 days of TGF-β3 exposure was sufficient to induce catalyzed cartilage formation. When implanted in vivo, μRB/CS composite scaffold supported over a 40-fold increase in compressive moduli of cartilage produced by mixed ADSCs/NChons to ~330 kPa, which surpassed even the quality of cartilage produced by 100% NChons. Together, these results validate μRB/CS composite as a promising scaffold for cartilage regeneration using mixed populations of stem cells and chondrocytes.
Treating Venous Thromboembolism Post Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Case Report

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant issue occurring due to genetic, acquired and circumstantial risk factors. Treatment is according to the clinical situation and judgment for long term anticoagulation based on individual risk. Anticoagulation after a history of a hemorrhagic stroke poses a therapeutic dilemma. We present a case of a 68-year-old male who presented with right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. Workup included a CT that was positive for multiple right-sided pulmonary emboli (PE). The patient has a past medical history of Factor V Leiden Mutation, recurrent PE, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Two months prior he was diagnosed with a 1.3-cm intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) from multiple cavernous angiomas. At that time his warfarin was discontinued and an inferior vena cave (IVC) filter was placed. Facing the recent ICH and now multiple and recurrent PE, it was decided to resume anticoagulation based on ICH location. ICH from a deep source is likely a better characteristic that favors a resumption of anticoagulation. Our case will highlight that IVC filters cannot be solely relied upon in patients that are at high risk for thrombotic events with underlying genetic thrombophilia.
The Revolution that Failed: Nuclear Competition, Arms Control, and the Cold War

The study of nuclear weapons is dominated by a single theory - that of the nuclear revolution, or mutual assured destruction (MAD). Although such theorists largely perceive nuclear competition as irrational and destined for eventual stalemate, the nuclear arms race between superpowers during the second half of the Cold War is a glaring anomaly that flies in the face of this logic. In this detailed historical account, Brendan Green presents an alternate theoretical explanation for how the United States navigated nuclear stalemate during the Cold War. Motivated by the theoretical and empirical puzzles of the Cold War arms race, Green explores the technological, perceptual, and 'constitutional fitness' incentives that were the driving forces behind US nuclear competition. Green hypothesizes that states can gain peacetime benefits from effective nuclear competition, reducing the risk of crises, bolstering alliance cohesion, and more. He concludes that the lessons of the Cold War arms race remain relevant today: they will influence the coming era of great power competition and could potentially lead to an upsurge in future US government nuclear competition.
Heterogeneity of executive function revealed by a functional random forest approach across ADHD and ASD.

Abstract Background Those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention, causing significant hardships for families and society. A potential mechanism involved in these conditions is atypical executive function (EF). Inconsistent findings highlight that EF features may be shared or distinct across ADHD and ASD. With ADHD and ASD each also being heterogeneous, we hypothesized that there may be nested subgroups across disorders with shared or unique underlying mechanisms. Methods Participants (N = 130) included adolescents aged 7–16 with ASD (n = 64) and ADHD (n = 66). Typically developing (TD) participants (n = 28) were included for a comparative secondary sub-group analysis. Parents completed the K-SADS and youth completed an extended battery of executive and other cognitive measures. A two stage hybrid machine learning tool called functional random forest (FRF) was applied as a classification approach and then subsequently to subgroup identification. We input 43 EF variables to the classification step, a supervised random forest procedure in which the features estimated either hyperactive or inattentive ADHD symptoms per model. The FRF then produced proximity matrices and identified optimal subgroups via the infomap algorithm (a type of community detection derived from graph theory). Resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fMRI) was used to evaluate the neurobiological validity of the resulting subgroups. Results Both hyperactive (Mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.72, Null model MAE = 0.8826, (t(58) = −4.9, p Conclusion The FRF estimated hyperactive/inattentive symptoms and identified 2 distinct subgroups per model, revealing distinct neurocognitive profiles of Severe and Mild EF performance per model. Differences in functional connectivity between subgroups did not appear to follow a severity pattern based on symptom expression, suggesting a more complex mechanistic interaction that cannot be attributed to symptom presentation alone.
Pleurostoma Decline of Olive Trees Caused by Pleurostoma richardsiae in California.

A single fungal pathogen was consistently isolated from symptomatic wood of olive trees (Olea europaea) displaying branch and trunk cankers in superhigh-density orchards in the Sacramento and San J...
Experimental evidence that zinc impurities pin pair-density-wave order in La 2 -x Ba x CuO 4

Both Zn doping and $c$-axis magnetic fields have been observed to increase the spin stripe order in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ with $x$ close to 1/8. For $x=0.095$, the applied magnetic field also causes superconducting layers to decouple, presumably by favoring pair-density-wave order that consequently frustrates interlayer Josephson coupling. Here we show that introducing 1% Zn also leads to an initial onset of two-dimensional (2D) superconductivity, followed by 3D superconductivity at lower temperatures, even in zero field. We infer that the Zn pins pair-density-wave order locally, establishing the generality of such behavior.
Evaluating the Effects of an Online Marketing Program: The Case of Mexico’s National Tourism Promotion Board

Given some of the limitations of survey-based methodologies to assess tourism advertising and promotional programs, the objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Mexico’s touri...
Upper airway stimulation: Fewer complications, ED presentations, readmissions, and increased surgical success.

Abstract Objectives Evaluate the rate of complications, readmissions, emergency department presentations, and surgical success rates amongst three standard surgical treatment options for obstructive sleep apnea: upper airway stimulation, transoral robotic surgery, and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty. Study design Retrospective cohort. Setting Tertiary care center. Methods Patients were included who were aged ≥18 years old and underwent upper airway stimulation, transoral robotic surgery, or expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty between January 2011 and May 2020. Results 345 patients were identified: 58% (n = 201) underwent upper airway stimulation, 10% (n = 35) underwent transoral robotic surgery, and 32% (n = 109) patients underwent expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty. There were 22 emergency department presentations and 19 readmissions, most of which were experienced by patients receiving transoral robotic surgery (six emergencies, seven readmissions) and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty (12 emergencies, 11 readmissions). Patients with upper airway stimulation had four emergencies and one readmission. Only 2% of the upper airway stimulation cohort had a complication, whereas this was 20% and 12% for the transoral robotic surgery and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty cohorts, respectively. Patients experienced the highest surgical success rate with upper airway stimulation (69%), whereas patients who received transoral robotic surgery and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty had success rates of 50% and 51%, respectively. Conclusion Treating obstructive sleep apnea with upper airway stimulation led to lower rates of complications, emergency department presentations, and readmissions in this series. In those for whom upper airway stimulation is appropriate, it may be more effective in successfully treating obstructive sleep apnea than transoral robotic surgery and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty.
Stress and resident interdisciplinary team performance: Results of a pilot trauma simulation program

Abstract Background Excessive stress negatively impacts surgical residents’ technical performance. The effect of stress on trainee nontechnical skills, however, is less well studied. Given that nontechnical skills are known to impact clinical performance, the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between residents’ perceived stress and nontechnical skills during multidisciplinary trauma simulations. Methods First-year surgery and emergency medicine residents voluntarily participated in this study. Residents participated in 3 trauma simulations across 2 training sessions in randomly assigned teams. Each team’s nontechnical skills were evaluated by faculty using the Trauma Nontechnical Skills scale. The Trauma Nontechnical Skills scale consists of 5 items: leadership, cooperation, communication, assessment, and situation awareness/coping with stress. After each scenario, residents completed the 6-item version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Surgery Task Load Index to detail their perceived stress and workload during scenarios. Linear regressions were run to assess relationships between stress, workload, and nontechnical skills. Results Twenty-five residents participated in the first simulation day, and 24 residents participated in the second simulation day. Results from regressions revealed that heightened stress and workload predicted significantly lower nontechnical skills performance during trauma scenarios. In regard to specific aspects of nontechnical skills, residents’ heightened stress and workload predicted statistically significant lower situation awareness and decision-making during trauma scenarios. Conclusion Residents’ perceived stress and workload significantly impaired their nontechnical skills during trauma simulations. This finding highlights the need to offer stress management and performance-optimizing mental skills training to trainees to lower their stress and optimize nontechnical skills performance during challenging situations.
Transport in the two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model: Lessons from weak coupling

Strongly correlated materials, where electron-electron interactions dominate, display a range of important yet poorly understood phenomena including high-temperature superconductivity and exotic magnetism. Many such materials also feature unusual ``strange-metal'' transport, corresponding to unexpected temperature dependence of the resistivity. The authors show that, due to band-structure nesting and a bounded spectrum, even a weakly interacting system can display resistivity signatures that are typically associated with such strange metals. Their results are particularly important for interpreting recent cold-atom experiments which explore transport in the Fermi Hubbard model.
Standards for selected anthropometric measurements in males with the fragile X syndrome

Standards (95th, 50th, and 5th percentiles) in fragile X syndrome for weight, height, head circumference, ear length, and testicular volume are reported. For comparison with fragile X syndrome standardized curves, normal control data from the literature were similarly plotted and curves produced. These standards reflect the physical parameters that are frequently abnormal in males with the fragile X syndrome and should be useful in the medical management of patients with this syndrome. The standards may also be used to help identify those individuals, particularly the younger males, for chromosome studies to confirm the clinical impression of the fragile X syndrome.
Suction Control of a Robotic Gripper: A Neuro-Fuzzy Approach

This paper discusses a fuzzy logic control system designed to determine, regulate and maintain the amount of suction needed by a robotic gripper system to perform reliable limp material manipulation. A neuro-fuzzy approach is followed to determine the amount of desired suction (depending on experimentally derived data and plant characteristics). A knowledge-based valve controller is then designed to generate, regulate and maintain the amount of suction calculated by the neuro-fuzzy suction module. The performance of the overall suction control system is compared with actual experimental results obtained when using a prototype gripper system to handle limp material. Further, performance of the fuzzy logic based valve controller is compared to conventional PD and PID controllers. The proposed control scheme is found to enhance the overall functionality of the prototype robotic gripper system.
Histone H1 and H3 Dephosphorylation Are Differentially Regulated by Radiation-induced Signal Transduction Pathways

We recently demonstrated that linker histone H1, which is thought to have a fundamental role in higher-order chromatin structure, becomes transiently dephosphorylated after ionizing radiation (IR) in a mutated ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) dependent manner. To establish whether H1 dephosphorylation was a component of a damage-response pathway that included dephosphorylation of other histones, we asked whether H3 was dephosphorylated in response to IR in a manner similar to H1. H1 and H3 are maximally phosphorylated in metaphase and both are dephosphorylated after IR. However, the duration of IR-induced H3 dephosphorylation is significantly longer than that of IR-induced H1 dephosphorylation. Moreover, H1 dephosphorylation is ATM-dependent, whereas H3 dephosphorylation is ATM-independent. These observations suggest that the damage-sensing pathways regulating H3 and H1 dephosphorylation diverge upstream of ATM.
Fuzzy Authentication Using Interaction Provenance in Service Oriented Computing

In service oriented computing, authentication factors have their vulnerabilities when considered exclusively. Cross-platform and service composition architectures require a complex integration procedure and limit adoptability of newer authentication models. Authentication is generally based on a binary success or failure and relies on credentials proffered at the present moment without considering how or when the credentials were obtained by the subject. The resulting access control engines suffer from rigid service policies and complexity of management. In contrast, social authentication is based on the nature, quality, and length of previous encounters with each other. We posit that human-to-machine authentication is a similar causal effect of an earlier interaction with the verifying party. We use this notion to propose interaction provenance as the only unified representation model for all authentication factors in service oriented computing. Interaction provenance uses the causal relationship of past events to leverage service composition, cross-platform integration, timeline authentication, and easier adoption of newer methods. We extend our model with fuzzy authentication using past interactions and linguistic policies. The paper presents an interaction provenance recording and authentication protocol and a proof-of-concept implementation with extensive experimental evaluation.
Evening methane emission pulses from a boreal wetland correspond to convective mixing in hollows

[1] Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of methane flux from boreal wetlands makes prediction and up-scaling challenging, both within and among wetland systems. Drivers of methane production and emissions are also highly variable, making empirical model development difficult and leading to uncertainty in methane emissions estimates from wetlands. Previous studies have examined this problem using point-scale (static chamber method) and ecosystem-scale (flux tower methods) measurements, but few studies have investigated whether different processes are observed at these scales. We analyzed methane emissions from a boreal fen, measured by both techniques, using data from the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. We sought to identify driving processes associated with methane emissions at two scales and explain diurnal patterns in emissions measured by the tower. The mean methane emission rates from flux chambers were greater than the daytime, daily mean rates measured by the tower, but the nighttime, daily mean emissions from the tower were often an order of magnitude greater than emissions recorded during the daytime. Thus, daytime measurements from either the tower or chambers would lead to a biased estimate of total methane emissions from the wetland. We found that the timing of nighttime emission events was coincident with the cooling and convective mixing within hollows, which occurred regularly during the growing season. We propose that diurnal thermal stratification in shallow pools traps methane by limiting turbulent transport. This methane stored during daytime heating is later released during evening cooling due to convective turbulent mixing.
Toxic megacolon in ulcerative colitis complicated by pneumomediastinum: Report of two cases

Abstract We describe two cases of universal ulcerative colitis in which toxic megacolon was complicated by the unusual occurrence of air tracking retroperitoneally through the diaphragm and the mediastinum, without signs of free intraperitoneal air, and ultimately presenting as subcutaneous emphysema in the neck. Physicians should remain alert to this unusual presentation of air leakage from the colon in toxic ulcerative colitis, in order to appreciate the potential gravity of the situation.
Financial and energy costs of supplying woody biomass to conversion sites

A series of short rotationPopulus plantations involving four management strategies were evaluated in tandem with alternate harvest and storage strategies to determine the least cost method for supplying biomass to conversion sites. All inputs were itemized on both a financial and energy basis to establish the unit output costs for commercial-scale systems. The control strategy had the lowest production costs, at $28.74 Mg-1 (ovendry), and 5,455 MJ Mg-1(OD). The addition of harvest and storage costs, based on existing and proposed technologies within the forest product industries, increased the total supply cost for biomass to $59.61 Mg-1(OD) and 7,233.1 MJ Mg-1(OD). On a financial basis, the proposed cost was 17% more expensive than a projected price for biomass from an ethanol plant and was also higher than the general prices for aspen from domestic markets. However, on an energy basis, the gross heat of combustion for thePopulus biomass was 2.7 times greater than its total energy costs.
Content Specificity of Threat Interpretation in Anxious and Non-Clinical Children

This study investigated content specificity of children’s threat interpretations in a group of 40 clinically anxious (18 boys, 22 girls; ages 7–14 years) and a group of 40 non-clinical children (19 boys, 21 girls; ages 8–14 years). Associations between disorder-specific threat interpretations (in response to situations selected by each child) and each of six DSM-IV anxiety and depressive disorder symptom domains were examined for each group of children through multivariate regression analyses. Supporting theories of cognitive content specificity, results showed that for clinically anxious children, symptoms of social phobia and panic disorder were significantly and specifically predicted by threat interpretation in response to situations that corresponded to each disorder, while symptoms of separation anxiety were predicted by threat perception in situations relevant to separation anxiety and panic disorder. There was little evidence of cognitive content specificity within the non-clinical group of children. Implications for theories of development of interpretation biases associated with child anxiety disorders are discussed.
Zinc · protoporphyrin is a selective inhibitor of heme oxygenase activity in the neonatal rat

Abstract The present study was undertaken to examine the liver, spleen and kidney heme oxygenase activity in the rat, and also to investigate the response of the enzyme to a variety of metalloporphyrin complexes. The enzyme activity in the liver and the kidney of 3–4-day-old rats was several-fold greater than the corresponding values in the adult animals; however, the splenic enzyme activity was markedly depressed in comparison to that of adult rats. During the first 2–3 weeks post-parturation period, the activity of heme oxygenase in the spleen progressively increased, and in 4 weeks approached the adult values. The treatment of the newborn animals with the metalloporphyrin complex, Zn · protoporphyrin-IX, inhibited heme oxygenase activity in the spleen, lier and the kidney. Sn · protoporphyrin treatment also inhibited the activity of the enzyme in the liver and the spleen. The mechanism of the inhibition appeared to be competitive in nature. In contrast, the treatment of the newborn animals with Co · protoporphyrin increased the activity of the enzyme in the tested organs. The treatment of newborn animals with Fe · protoporphyrin (heme) also increased heme oxygenase activity in the spleen and the kidney. In addition, Co · and Fe · protoporphyrin complexes inhibited the activity of δ-aminolevulinate synthetase in the spleen; Sn · protoporphyrin and Zn · protoporphyrin, however, did not alter the activity of this enzyme. The effects of Co · protoporphyrin and Zn · protoporphyrin on the microsomal contents of cytochromes P -450, b 5 , the total heme, and the microsomal drug metabolism activity in the liver were compared. Zn · protoporphrin was ineffective in altering the indicated cellular variables. According to these findings Zn · protoporphyrin may be useful as an experimental tool for the selective suppression of heme degradation activity.
Syntheses and biological evaluation of 2- and 9-aminobenzonorbornenes as conformationally rigid analogs of amphetamines

Isomers of the 2- and 9-aminobenzonorbornenes were prepared as rigid analogs of amphetamine and were employed to study the conformational requirements of indirectly acting sympathomimetic agents. Of this series of isomeric amines, the exo-2 and anti-9 isomers closely resemble the fully extended conformation of amphetamine. The other two amines, the endo-2 and syn-9 isomers, conformationally resemble the folded conformation of amphetamine. The isomers that resemble the extended conformation of amphetamine increased the spontaneous motor activity in mice while the isomers resembling the folded form either decreased or had no effect on motor activity. These compounds also were studied for their ability to accelerate the efflux of tritiated norepinephrine from vesicular and nonvesicular storage sites of isolated perfused rabbit atria; either α-methyl-p-tyrosine- or reserpine-pretreated rabbits were used. Amphetamine and the exo-2 and anti-9 isomers of aminobenzonorbornene could accelerate norepinephrine efflux from either compartment while the endo-2 and syn-9 isomers could accelerate the efflux from only the nonvesicular compartment at the concentrations studied. Fenfluramine and methylphenidate also were studied for their ability to accelerate efflux. Fenfluramine and methylphenidate resembled the aminobenzonorbornenes that correspond to the folded conformation of amphetamine in their ability to accelerate the efflux from nonvesicular storage. However, fenfluramine also resembled amphetamine and the aminobenzonorbornenes corresponding to the extended conformation of amphetamine in its ability to accelerate efflux from vesicular storage sites. The response to methylphenidate was similar to that of the aminobenzonorbornenes resembling the folded conformation of amphetamine.
An autobiographical tribute to Samuel L. Becker's “rhetorical studies for the contemporary world”

(1999). An autobiographical tribute to Samuel L. Becker's “rhetorical studies for the contemporary world”. Communication Studies: Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 54-62.
The model ofd-pairing in CuO2 planes of HTSC and the collective modes

We develop here for the first time a 2D path integral model of d-pairing in HTSC, which is analogous to the 3D model created earlier by Brusov and Brusova. Within this model we calculate the entire collective mode spectrum for all superconductive states of CuO2 planes arisen from their symmetry classification. There are four collective modes in each phase. We found two high frequency modes in each phase while two remains modes seem to be Goldstone or quasi-Goldstone ones (having vanishing energy at zero momentum). It turns out that the collective mode spectrum in the phases\((\begin{array}{*{20}c} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & { - 1} \\ \end{array} )\) and\((\begin{array}{*{20}c} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \\ \end{array} )\) is the same.
Tissue factor expression in obese type 2 diabetic subjects and its regulation by antidiabetic agents.

Objective. Increased coagulation activation may contribute to the high incidence of cardiovascular complications observed in obese and type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects. Although tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of coagulation is increased in obesity, its expression in adipose tissues and its association with metabolic parameters are unclear. We sought to compare TF expression in plasma and adipose tissues of obese subjects with and without T2D, its correlation with metabolic parameters, and regulation in response to antidiabetic drugs. Methods Subjects were recruited from diabetes clinics and adipose tissue was obtained by needle biopsy of lower subcutaneous abdominal depot. For the intervention study, subjects were randomized into treatment groups with rosiglitazone or metformin for 4 months. Results. Plasma TF antigen, activity, and adipose TF mRNA were greater in obese T2D subjects compared with obese nondiabetics. Plasma TF activity correlated with fasting insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids, (FFAs), and adipose TF mRNA correlated with plasma FFA. Plasma TF activity was reduced by metformin and increased with rosiglitazone treatment. Conclusions. Specific diabetes-related metabolic parameters, but not obesity per se, are correlated with TF expression. Regulation of TF activity by different classes of antidiabetic drugs may relate to protective or adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Controlling of Physicochemical Properties of Nickel-Substituted MCM-41 by Adjustment of the Synthesis Solution pH and Tetramethylammonium Silicate Concentration

The effect of initial synthesis solution pH and tetramethylammonium silicate concentration in the synthesis solution on the physical and chemical properties of MCM-41 was systematically investigated using N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, in situ Fourier transform IR, UV−vis, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. pH and tetramethylammonium (TMA) fraction affect the porosity of MCM-41 and the reducibility of incorporated Ni cations; higher pH and TMA concentration produced more porosity with higher stability against reduction, which is attributed to more metal ions locating in the interior of the silica walls. The control of the pore diameter of mesoporous MCM-41 at the sub-nanometer scale may be accomplished by adjusting the pH and TMA fraction. pH may be used to control the surface free silanol group density and nickel reduction degree as well, and this is useful in the design of a specific catalyst for particular reactions, such as CO methanation, which requires highl...
The software strategy for SPA Plug and play spacecraft

The space market could benefit immensely from satellites that not only start their service lives as soon as possible, but can perform their on-orbit roles with minimal intervention from ground operations. 1 2 The development of flight software techniques that addresses both of these issues has been ongoing at the Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) Responsive Space Testbed (RST) for a number of years. The Space Plug&play Avionics (SPA) standards define the means by which software (and hardware) components installed on a networked spacecraft bus deliver their data interfaces and self-organize into a coherent, functional system. A collection of modular, pre-validated software applications are maintained in a “virtual store room” and are called upon to configure tailored mission capabilities based upon operational needs. Mission “Activity Agents” encapsulate the logic and sequences necessary to accomplish satellite operations autonomously. Their execution is coordinated using on-orbit planning resources and a priority-based scheduler. The PnPSat mission was the first formal application of these techniques. In the course of the program a spectrum of software tools were authored to support the rapid design, prototyping, and testing of flight software modules for SPA-based satellites. The AFRL Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) assembly depot is being populated with an assortment of hardware and software components sufficient to build a reasonably diverse array of tactical small satellites. The tools being used, and the philosophies employed in their application, are ready for exposure to the larger space community.
Mechanical and Fatigue Properties of Titanium Alloy SP 700 after Simulated Superplastic Forming Conditions

SP 700 is a relatively new titanium alloy with superplastic properties improved over the industry standard, Ti 6Al-4V. In order to use this alloy in structural applications following superplastic forming, the mechanical properties need to be well understood. This paper will present a summary of both static and fatigue properties of SP 700 following simulated SPF and post processed conditions, and compare them to Ti 6Al-4V
Phenolic Glycosides from Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Bark

Four new phenolic glycosides, saccharumosides A–D (1–4), along with eight known phenolic glycosides, were isolated from the bark of sugar maple (Acer saccharum). The structures of 1–4 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. All compounds isolated were evaluated for cytotoxicity effects against human colon tumorigenic (HCT-116 and Caco-2) and nontumorigenic (CCD-18Co) cell lines.