cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Yield Photocrosslinking of a 5-Iodocytidine (IC) Substituted RNA to Its Associated Protein

5-Iodouracil is an excellent chromophore for introduction intoboth RNA and DNA for the purpose of achieving high yieldphotocrosslinking of nucleoprotein complexes ( 1,2). Crosslinkingyields are often three to five times higher than those achieved with5-bromouracil, in part, because the 5-iodouracil chromophoreabsorbs at longer wavelength and consequently can be excitedmore selectively. The highest yields are achieved by irradiatingwith a helium cadmium laser emitting at 325 nm (1); however,useful yields can also be obtained with a 312 nm transilluminator(1,2). The technique is primarily selective for aromatic amino acidresidues; consequently, success in crosslinking depends uponproximity of a U or T of the nucleic acid to an aromatic ring of theprotein. We now report that 5-iodocytosine is an excellentchromophore for nucleoprotein photocrosslinking complementing5-iodouracil.The nucleoprotein complex selected for demonstrating photo-crosslinking with the 5-iodocytosine chromophore was an RNAhairpin within the genome of the bacteriophage MS2 bound to adimer of the phage coat protein. The system has been character-ized by a co-crystal structure ( 3), and photocrosslinking has beendefined with RNAs bearing 5-iodouridine (1) and 5-bromo-uridine ( 4,5) complexed with the almost identical R17 coat protein.Further, the effect of RNA sequence variations on protein bindingand crosslinking is well established (4). RNA 1 bearing a single5-iodouridine at the –5 position (Fig. 1) binds with high affinityto the coat protein and upon irradiation of the complex at 325 nm,crosslinks in 75–95% yield to Tyr85 of the coat protein (1,5).Comparable photocrosslinking is now demonstrated withRNA 2 (Fig. 1) bearing an iodocytidine at the –5 position and fiveadditional iodocytidines in stem positions. Irradiation at 325 nmgives 75–95% crosslinking after 2 h with only traces of RNAcleavage. A time course of the crosslinking is shown by theelectrophoretic gel in Figure 2. The high yield is dependent upona saturating protein concentration. With a substantial excess ofcoat protein but at a concentration sufficient to bind only 36% ofthe RNA throughout the irradiation, a maximum crosslinkingyield of only 20% is achieved even after 3 h of irradiation. Thebalance of the RNA appears in the electrophoretic gel (not shown)primarily as unreacted RNA (40%) and two RNA cleavageproducts (40%). Further, gel electrophoretic analysis of thereaction mixture from irradiation of the RNA in the absence ofcoat protein showed no high molecular weight bands and inparticular no bands at the location of the crosslinked nucleoprotein
Regular-Classroom Teachers' Attributions and Instructional Prescriptions for Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Pupils

The study examined regular-classroom teachers' attributions and instructional prescriptions for normal achieving (NA), educationally handicapped (EH), and educable mentally retarded (EMR) pupils. Teachers were provided an experimental packet containing simulated background and current achievement information on an NA, EH, or EMR pupil. Background descriptive information reflecting an NA, EH, or EMR pupil affected teachers' failure but not success attributions as well as the manner in which they revised their failure-attribution ratings. In addition, it was found that teachers' initial instructional prescriptions were anchored by descriptive information reflecting characteristics of NA, EH, and EMR pupils. However, as teachers continued to receive current achievement information their instructional decisions appeared to be more weighted on pupils' current performance and less on achievement history. Findings are discussed in light of attributional research and current federal legislation mandating educatio...
Retrograde transport of protein toxins under conditions of COPI dysfunction

Retrograde transport dependent on coat protein I (COPI) was impaired using two different approaches and the effects on the retrograde transport of protein toxins were investigated. One approach was to study ldlF cells that express a temperature-sensitive defect in the epsilon-COP subunit of COPI. The second approach was to treat cells with 1,3-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) (CBM), a drug that interferes with the binding of COPI to Golgi membranes. With both approaches, cells remained sensitive to a variety of protein toxins regardless of whether the toxins contained a KDEL motif. Moreover, cholera toxin, which contains a KDEL sequence, was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy to enter the endoplasmic reticulum of Vero cells in the presence of CBM. These data support published evidence indicating the presence in cells of a COPI- and KDEL receptor-independent pathway of retrograde transport from the Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the results suggest that certain toxins containing a KDEL motif may use either the COPI-dependent or COPI-independent pathway of retrograde transport.
Multicenter evaluation of stress-first myocardial perfusion image triage by nuclear technologists and automated quantification

A stress-first myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) protocol saves time, is cost effective, and decreases radiation exposure. A limitation of this protocol is the requirement for physician review of the stress images to determine the need for rest images. This hurdle could be eliminated if an experienced technologist and/or automated computer quantification could make this determination. Images from consecutive patients who were undergoing a stress-first MPI with attenuation correction at two tertiary care medical centers were prospectively reviewed independently by a technologist and cardiologist blinded to clinical and stress test data. Their decision on the need for rest imaging along with automated computer quantification of perfusion results was compared with the clinical reference standard of an assessment of perfusion images by a board-certified nuclear cardiologist that included clinical and stress test data. A total of 250 patients (mean age 61 years and 55% female) who underwent a stress-first MPI were studied. According to the clinical reference standard, 42 (16.8%) and 208 (83.2%) stress-first images were interpreted as “needing” and “not needing” rest images, respectively. The technologists correctly classified 229 (91.6%) stress-first images as either “needing” (n = 28) or “not needing” (n = 201) rest images. Their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 66.7%, 96.6%, 80.0%, and 93.5%, respectively. An automated stress TPD score ≥1.2 was associated with optimal sensitivity and specificity and correctly classified 179 (71.6%) stress-first images as either “needing” (n = 31) or “not needing” (n = 148) rest images. Its sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 73.8%, 71.2%, 34.1%, and 93.1%, respectively. In a model whereby the computer or technologist could correct for the other’s incorrect classification, 242 (96.8%) stress-first images were correctly classified. The composite sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 83.3%, 99.5%, 97.2%, and 96.7%, respectively. Technologists and automated quantification software had a high degree of agreement with the clinical reference standard for determining the need for rest images in a stress-first imaging protocol. Utilizing an experienced technologist and automated systems to screen stress-first images could expand the use of stress-first MPI to sites where the cardiologist is not immediately available for interpretation.
Polyacetals: Water-Soluble, pH-Degradable Polymers with Extraordinary Temperature Response

Temperature-responsive polymers exhibit a drastic change in solubility upon change in temperature, a property responsible for their increased use in a wide variety of emerging smart material applications. Here, we describe a flexible new family of polyacetals with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior, falling out of aqueous solution upon increase in temperature. These are the first synthetic LCST polymers to be intrinsically biodegradable, forming neutral degradation products in acidic environments. The temperature response of the polyacetals is extraordinary. Their LCST cloud point temperatures can be predicted and tuned to high precision over a temperature range of ca. 6–80 °C as they are linearly dependent on the number of methylene and ethylene oxide units in the diol and divinyl ether monomers. We further demonstrate that the LCST temperatures are insensitive to salt and/or polymer concentration, properties that are important to in vivo applications, and that they are biocompatible.
Diagnosing Virtualization Overhead for Multi-threaded Computation on Multicore Platforms

Hardware-assisted virtualization, as an effective approach to low virtualization overhead, has been dominantly used. However, existing hardware assistance mainly focuses on single-thread performance. Much less attention has been paid to facilitate the efficient interaction between threads, which is critical to the execution of multi-threaded computation on virtualized multicore platforms. This paper aims to answer two questions: 1) what is the performance impact of virtualization on multi-threaded computation, and 2) what are the factors impeding multi-threaded computation from gaining full speed on virtualized platforms. Targeting the first question, the paper measures the virtualization overhead for computation-intensive applications that are designed for multicore processors. We show that some multicore applications still suffer significant performance losses in virtual machines. Even with hardware assistance for reducing virtualization overhead fully enabled, the execution time may be increased by more than 150% when the system is not over-committed, and the system throughput can be reduced by 6x when the system is over-committed. To answer the second question, with experiments, the paper diagnoses the main causes for the performance losses. Focusing the interaction between threads and between VCPUs, the paper identifies and examines a few performance factors, including the intervention of the virtual machine monitor (VMM) to schedule/switch virtual CPUs (VCPUs) and to handle interrupts required by inter-core communication, excessive spinning in user space, and cache-unaware data sharing.
Cool circuits

Our culture has trained people to think that digital is the way of the future. Computers are digital. Cell phones are digital. Cameras are digital. Everything good one day will be digital. Students do not see where analog electronics fit into their lives, nor do they see any cool applications of analog electronics. This paper discusses several demonstrations and design examples that show students cool things that can be done with analog electronics. The examples are targeted at introductory electronics courses in a two-course sequence. The purpose of the demonstrations is to generate engaging examples that make students more interested in analog electronics than in any other course. The circuits are at a level where students can understand the function of every component in the circuit, so students can understand, design, and build circuits that perform non-trivial functions at an early stage in their engineering careers
Quality Assurance System For Gynecologic Cytology

In an effort to assess sampling techniques, diagnostic accuracy, and variations in nomenclature used for cervical lesions, a comprehensive quality assurance system for gynecologic cytology has been instituted at the University of Utah Medical Center. A formal review is performed on all cases with poor correlation, ie, a difference of ±2 grades of severity in the cytohistologic diagnosis, discrepancy between negative and mild dysplasia, and discrepancy between carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. This system allows one to identify problems such as sampling errors due to inadequate endocervical components, and cytologic and histologic misinterpretations, especially those involving condylomatous lesions and invasive carcinoma. It also provides a mechanism for continual clinico-pathologic review and serves as an additional educational device.
On being a Reformed theologian

In response to a paper by Professor Gavin D’Costa on being a Roman Catholic theologian, this paper offers some reflections on being a Reformed theologian, what this means, and why collegial, ecumen...
Graphene Nanoribbon Composites

It is well established that pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes offer poor structural reinforcement in epoxy-based composites. There are several reasons for this which include reduced interfacial contact area since the outermost nanotube shields the internal tubes from the matrix, poor wetting and interfacial adhesion with the heavily cross-linked epoxy chains, and intertube slip within the concentric nanotube cylinders leading to a sword-in-sheath type failure. Here we demonstrate that unzipping such multiwalled carbon nanotubes into graphene nanoribbons results in a significant improvement in load transfer effectiveness. For example, at ∼0.3% weight fraction of nanofillers, the Young’s modulus of the epoxy composite with graphene nanoribbons shows ∼30% increase compared to its multiwalled carbon nanotube counterpart. Similarly the ultimate tensile strength for graphene nanoribbons at ∼0.3% weight fraction showed ∼22% improvement compared to multiwalled carbon nanotubes at the same weight fraction of n...
Analysis of Convolution Quadrature Applied to the Time-Domain Electric Field Integral Equation

We show how to apply convolution quadrature (CQ) to approximate the time domain electric field integral equation (EFIE) for electromagnetic scattering. By a suitable choice of CQ, we prove that the method is unconditionally stable and has the optimal order of convergence. Surprisingly, the resulting semi discrete EFIE is disper- sive and dissipative, and we analyze this phenomena. Finally, we present numerical results supporting and extending our convergence analysis. AMS subject classifications: 65M38, 65M60, 65N15, 65R20, 78A45
Effect of intravenous furosemide on serum theophylline concentration.

The effect of furosemide on the serum theophylline concentration (STC) was investigated in 10 patients at steady state on a continuous i.v. aminophylline infusion. A baseline STC was obtained 48 hours after the initiation of the maintenance infusion. The patients were monitored closely for the last 24 hours of the maintenance period with hourly flow records to assure the same continuous rate. Urine output was measured over four hours, then, a 40-mg dose of furosemide was administered i.v. over two minutes, and the aminophylline infusion was continued at the same rate. Urine output was measured for four hours after the furosemide dose, and then a second STC was obtained. The 40-mg furosemide i.v. bolus injection caused an average increase of 2.9 micrograms/ml in STC, with a range of 0.5--5.5 micrograms/ml. The urine volumes increased by an average of 995 ml above the baseline, with a range of 630--1377 ml. Both of the increases were significant at the p less than 0.005 level. Patients stabilized on a theophylline dosage regimen should be monitored closely during the addition or discontinuation of furosemide therapy. Furosemide has been shown to be another factor that can alter STC.U
Evidence for a DP-projection in West Greenlandic Inuit

Evidence for a DP-projection in West Greenlandic Inuit Abstract The goal of this paper is to argue in favor of a DP-layer in West Greenlandic Inuit noun phrases and in doing so contribute to the argument that the absence of overt D-elements is not directly indicative of the absence of a DP-layer. Inuit is a polysynthetic, ergative language with no overt articles; for this reason it has been argued that a D-head is unnecessary. Others have argued contrastively that a functional projection KP (Case) is necessary (often assuming DP). This paper differs from both camps in the sense that it considers syntactic features specific to D. I present three primary arguments in support of a D-head in West Greenlandic: (i) the D-head acts as the locus of agreement features in possessive DPs, (ii) the D-head is the locus of the syntactic/semantic feature of definiteness; and (iii) a DP-layer is needed to provide a landing site for movement in DP-internal word order variations. Resume: Cet article a pour but de soutenir l’idee selon laquelle il existe une couche SD dans la structure nominale de l’inuktitut groenlandais de l’ouest et de ce fait, nous contribuons a a la litterature qui propose que l’absence de determinants visibles n’indique pas forcement l’absence du SD. L’inuktitut est une langue polysynthetique et ergative sans determinants visibles; pour cette raison, certains chercheurs ont propose que la categorie D n’est pas necessaire. D’autres ont soutenu qu’une projection SK (Cas) est obligatoire (souvent prenant pour acquis la presence d’un SD). Cet article se distingue de ces deux camps dans la mesure ou nous nous interessons aux proprietes qui sont propres a D. Nous presentons trois arguments pour appuyer la presence de D en groenlandais de l’ouest : (i) la tete D porte les traits d’accord dans les SD possessifs, (ii) la tete D porte le trait syntaxique/semantique de la definitude, et (iii) une couche SD est necessaire afin de fournir une position pour le deplacement dans les variations de l’ordre des mots a l’interieur du SD.
Protein kinase A activation is required for IL-1-induced nitric oxide production by cardiac myocytes.

We have previously reported that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) alone induced the transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and nitric oxide (NO) production by isolated neonatal rat c...
Immediate responses of endothelial cells to hypoxia and reoxygenation: an in vitro model of cellular dysfunction

We have studied endothelial functions and integrity under clinically relevant levels of acute and profound hypoxia. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (EC) grown on microcarrier beads were exposed for...
Global Service Sector Data

This chapter provides data for service industry sector industries on a global basis, in particular, Gross Profit Ratio, selling and administrative ratio, leverage and industry concentration at a 2-digit and 3-digit SIC level global level. Limitations of this data, as presented in Chap. 1, should be taken into consideration when interpreting the numbers. Elaboration of the variables covered in this chapter along with their specific operationalization and data sources are provided at the beginning of each subsection. At the bottom of each corresponding table, a short note is provided on the data source and its operationalization if applicable.
Colonic polyp histopathology and location in a community-based sample of older adults

Colorectal cancer and its precursors are highly prevalent in developed countries. Estimates in the available literature for prevalence of right-sided-only lesions vary between 20.5 and 48.1 %, with association with female gender and advancing age. Since the original polyp studies, premalignant potential of sessile serrated adenomas has been described and screening utilization of colonoscopy in men, women, and older adults has increased. This study describes the histopathology and distribution of colorectal polyps by age and gender in the post-screening era. A registry of biopsies performed during colonoscopy for adults aged 50+ years in 2002-2012 was created using pathology reports from an independent, regional laboratory. Age, histopathology, and polyp location(s) were included. A subgroup analysis was performed for sessile serrated adenomas for 2007-2012. Distributions of histopathology and polyp location were described by age and gender. Statistical comparisons are made using chi-square tests. 13,881 patients (55.5 % male, 44.5 % female), aged 50-95 years (median = 62) were identified. Most patients (59.9 %) had adenomas. Single and multiple adenomas were more common in men than women (57.7 % vs 42.3 %, p 80). Villous adenomas (n = 545; 3.6 %), dysplasia (n = 49; 0.4 %), and invasive carcinoma (n = 22; 0.2 %) were rare. Sessile serrated adenomas were uncommon (n = 417, 4.5 %), with greater prevalence in women than men (5.1 % vs 4 %, p = 0.02). Patients aged 70- < 80 were more likely to have multiple polyps than those aged 50- < 60 (OR 1.17, 95 % CI 1.03–1.32, p = 0.018 and OR 1.27, 95 % CI 1.10–1.46, p = .001). Most polyps were from ascending and/or transverse colon (n = 8095; 58.3 %). When location was stratified by sex only, men had more polyps than women at each location except the sigmoid and rectum. Further stratification by age of location and sex revealed statistically significant differences (age 50- < 60, p < .0001, age 60- < 70, p = .0227, age 70- < 80, p = .0298, age 80+, p = .0018). This large community-based sample contributes to understanding of colonic neoplasia. The high prevalence of right and transverse lesions supports ongoing use of colonoscopy over sigmoidoscopy for screening examinations.
Body Mass Index Category Moderates the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Diet Quality in Overweight and Obese Rural-Dwelling Adults.

Purpose This study was conducted to (1) compare diet quality among depressed and nondepressed overweight and obese rural-dwelling adults and (2) determine whether body mass index (BMI) category moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and overall diet quality. Methods Rural adults in Kentucky (n = 907) completed the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) that assessed depressive symptoms and a food frequency questionnaire that generated 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores. Participants were grouped into overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2), and nondepressed (PHQ-9 < 10) and depressed (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) groups. Bootstrapped ANCOVAs were used to compare diet quality among the 4 groups. Ordinary least-squares regression using PROCESS was used to determine whether BMI category (overweight vs obese) moderated the association between depressive symptoms and overall diet quality. Results Overall diet quality was poorer in the obese depressed group than in the obese nondepressed group. Intake of fruit and dark green/orange vegetables and legumes was lower in the obese depressed group than in the overweight nondepressed group. Depressive symptoms predicted poor overall diet quality (B = −0.287, P < .001) and the relationship was moderated by BMI category (coefficient of BMI category*depressive symptom interaction term = 0.355, P < .049). A significant inverse relationship between depressive symptoms and overall diet quality was observed in the overweight group but not in the obese group. Conclusion Components of diet quality vary according to BMI category and depressive symptom status. The relationship between depressive symptoms and diet quality is influenced by BMI category.
Corporate Venture Capital, Competition, and Valuation in the Acquisition Market: Evidence from the Biopharmaceutical Industry

We investigate the function of corporate venture capital and associated competition in relation to biopharmaceutical acquisitions. We document that corporate investors, which had previously invested in target firms acquired by third parties, contribute to the increase in abnormal returns for the acquirers’ and target firms’ shareholders upon the announcement of acquisitions. Evidence suggests that this contribution is realized through corporate investors’ preemptive selection of promising technology partners and by providing positive signals about the quality of portfolio firms to the investor community. We also document that corporate investors indicate greater abnormal returns than acquirers and potential competitors upon the announcement of acquisitions. We find evidence that corporate investors benefit from the attenuation of competitive pressure that comes with acquisitions while acquirers bear the cost of acquisitions. This attenuation effect is limited to corporate investors and acquirers; it does not affect potential competitors. Corporate investors, however, obtain considerably less abnormal returns when acquirers possess sufficient capacities to compete against them and share the same technology domains with them.
The Trace Formula of the Weyl Group Representations of the Symmetric Group

Let g be a complex simple Lie algebra, h its Cartan subalgebra, and Σ and \( \prod =\left\{ {{\beta }_{1}},\ldots ,{{\beta }_{i}} \right\} \)the root system of g and a basis of the root system, respectively. It is known that the Weyl group W(g) is a finite group generated by reflections [3] $${w_{{\rm B}i}}:\xi \in h,\xi \to \xi - \frac{{2\left( {\xi ,} \right.}}{{\left( {{\beta _{i,}}} \right.}}\frac{{\left. {{\beta _i}} \right)}}{{\left. {{\beta _i}} \right)}}{\beta _{i \bullet }}$$
What is the cause of this fever? Malaria with concomitant pneumonia

A 43-year-old Hispanic woman presented to the clinic complaining of fever, chills and cough for 14 days. The patient reported a recent trip to Asia 12 days prior to presenting symptoms. Given her physical examination findings, she was treated empirically for community acquired pneumonia. Since her symptoms worsened despite the antibiotic, she was referred to the Emergency Department for further evaluation. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with pneumonia and malaria. When evaluating patients with history of recent travel, it is important to consider communicable diseases that are endemic to the areas visited, as well as multiple disease aetiologies for complicated and refractory cases.
An evolutionarily conserved gene family encodes proton-selective ion channels

Ion channels form the basis for cellular electrical signaling. Despite the scores of genetically identified ion channels selective for other monatomic ions, only one type of proton-selective ion channel has been found in eukaryotic cells. By comparative transcriptome analysis of mouse taste receptor cells, we identified Otopetrin1 (OTOP1), a protein required for development of gravity-sensing otoconia in the vestibular system, as forming a proton-selective ion channel. We found that murine OTOP1 is enriched in acid-detecting taste receptor cells and is required for their zinc-sensitive proton conductance. Two related murine genes, Otop2 and Otop3, and a Drosophila ortholog also encode proton channels. Evolutionary conservation of the gene family and its widespread tissue distribution suggest a broad role for proton channels in physiology and pathophysiology.
Housing and Employment Outcomes for Mental Health Self-Direction Participants

Objective:In self-direction, participants control individual budgets, allocating service dollars according to needs and preferences within program parameters to meet self-defined recovery goals. Mental health self-direction is associated with enhanced wellness and recovery outcomes at lower or similar cost than traditional service arrangements. This study compared outcomes of housing independence and employment between individuals who participated in self-direction and those who did not.Methods:This quasi-experimental study involved administrative data from 271 self-directing participants. Using coarsened exact matching with observed demographic, diagnostic, and other characteristics, the authors constructed a comparison group of non–self-directing individuals (N=1,099). The likelihood of achieving positive outcomes between first and last assessments during the approximately four-year study period was compared for self-directing and non-self-directing individuals.Results:Self-directing participants were m...
Unsteady sheet fragmentation: droplet sizes and speeds

Understanding what shapes the drop size distributions produced from fluid fragmentation is important for a range of industrial, natural and health processes. Gilet & Bourouiba (J. R. Soc. Interface, vol. 12, 2015, 20141092) showed that both the size and speed of fragmented droplets are critical to transmission of pathogens in the agricultural context. In this paper, we study both the size and speed distributions of droplets ejected during a canonical unsteady sheet fragmentation from drop impact on a target of comparable size to that of the drop. Upon impact, the drop transforms into a sheet which expands in the air bounded by a rim on which ligaments grow, continuously shedding droplets. We developed high-precision tracking algorithms that capture all ejected droplets, measuring their size and speed, as well as the detachment time from, and link to, their ligament of origin. Both size and speed distributions of all ejected droplets are skewed. We show that the polydispersity and skewness of the distributions are inherently due to the unsteadiness of the sheet expansion. We show that each ligament sheds a single drop at a time throughout the entire sheet expansion by a mechanism of end-pinching. The droplet-to-ligament size ratio remains constant throughout the unsteady fragmentation, and is robust to change in impact Weber number. We also show that the population mean speed of the fragmented droplets at a given time is equal to the population mean speed of ligaments one necking time prior to detachment time.
Symmetry and Thermodynamics from Structured Molecules to Liquid Drops

By idealizing both limits, one can construct a correlation diagram for the quantum states of a system of N identical particles whose extremes are a molecule-like polyhedron with separable vibrations and rigid-body rotations, and a fluid cluster. The conceptual approach offers a way to analyze vibration-rotation spectra of nonrigid molecules, and an artifice to interpret the melting and nucleation of small clusters. The approach leads to the use of a conditional probability density in r1 and θ12 for description of two particles bound to a single center (where r2 is fixed), as one probe of the tendency of such a system to adopt a polyhedral structure. A single dimensionless parameter based on the ratio of two energy levels provides a characterization of the degree of non-rigidity of a cluster.
Validity and reliability of Nintendo Wii Fit balance scores.

Context: Interactive gaming systems have the potential to help rehabilitate patients with musculoskeletal conditions. The Nintendo Wii Balance Board, which is part of the Wii Fit game, could be an effective tool to monitor progress during rehabilitation because the board and game can provide objective measures of balance. However, the validity and reliability of Wii Fit balance scores remain unknown. Objective: To determine the concurrent validity of balance scores produced by the Wii Fit game and the intrasession and intersession reliability of Wii Fit balance scores. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Sports medicine research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Forty-five recreationally active participants (age 5 27.0 6 9.8 years, height 5 170.9 6 9.2 cm, mass 5 72.4 6 11.8 kg) with a heterogeneous history of lower extremity injury. Intervention(s): Participants completed a single-limb–stance task on a force plate and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) during the first test session. Twelve Wii Fit balance activities were completed during 2 test sessions separated by 1 week. Main Outcome Measure(s): Postural sway in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions and the AP, ML, and resultant center-of-pressure (COP) excursions were calculated from the single-limb stance. The normalized reach distance was recorded for the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions of the SEBT. Wii Fit balance scores that the game software generated also were recorded. Results: All 96 of the calculated correlation coefficients among Wii Fit activity outcomes and established balance outcomes were interpreted as poor (r , 0.50). Intrasession reliability for Wii Fit balance activity scores ranged from good (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 5 0.80) to poor (ICC 5 0.39), with 8 activities having poor intrasession reliability. Similarly, 11 of the 12 Wii Fit balance activity scores demonstrated poor intersession reliability, with scores ranging from fair (ICC 5 0.74) to poor (ICC 5 0.29). Conclusions: Wii Fit balance activity scores had poor concurrent validity relative to COP outcomes and SEBT reach distances. In addition, the included Wii Fit balance activity scores generally had poor intrasession and intersession reliability.
The growth of the feline brain from late fetal into adult life. I. A morphometric study of the neocortex and white matter.

Abstract We measured the growth of the neocortex (NCx) and telencephalic white matter (WM) in the brain of 64 cats allocated to the following 11 age-groups: fetal (E) 59 days (birth is at E63–65), postnatal (P) days 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, and adult. There were six subjects per group (except for E59, n=4). Using a projection microscope and cytochrome oxidase-stained coronal sections, a total of 4300 and 4325 sections at left and of 4282 and 4264 sections at right were drawn for the NCx and for the WM, respectively. With computer assistance, the drawings were digitized to calculate mean cross-sectional area and then the mean volume of each structure per age-group. The two structures grew heterochronously. In terms of percentage of the adult volume, for the left side (both side grew at a similar rate), the size of the NCx grew very fast from a 15.7% at E59 to an adult-range value of 93.7% at P30. In contrast, the WM grew slowly. Starting at a larger volume of 55%, the WM was only 72.5% of the adult size at P30 reaching an adult-range value only by P180 (94.7%). After P30, both structures showed a small, albeit consistent, left versus right asymmetry with the right size been larger at all (but fetal) ages by a margin ranging between 0.4 and 4.1%. In addition, after P30 the NCx tended to overgrow with all groups showing higher values relative to adult cats, and reaching significance at P60 (volume higher by 19.2%, P
Acceptability of Injectable and On-Demand Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among an Online Sample of Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in California.

Abstract Purpose: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy to prevent HIV. However, low uptake of daily oral PrEP since Food and Drug Administration approval and low medication adhe...
Polarimetric Synthetic-Aperture-Radar Change-Type Classification with a Hyperparameter-Free Open-Set Classifier

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a remote sensing technology that can truly operate 24/7. It's an all-weather system that can operate at any time except in the most extreme conditions. Coherent change detection (CCD) in SAR can identify minute changes such as vehicle tracks that occur between images taken at different times. From polarimetric SAR capabilities, researchers have developed decompositions that allow one to automatically classify the scattering type in a single polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) image set. We extend that work to CCD in PolSAR images to identify the type change. Such as change caused by no return regions, trees, or ground. This work could then be used as a preprocessor for algorithms to automatically detect tracks.
Bank Transparency and Deposit Flows

One of the most widely discussed issues in banking regulation and research is transparency. Yet, whether depositors – banks’ most important claimholders – are affected by transparency, is an empirical open question. Analyzing US commercial banks from 1994-2019, we show that uninsured deposit flows are more sensitive to information about bank performance when banks are more transparent. We also link transparency to deposit rates, banks’ investment funding patterns, and profitability. Using the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we provide evidence of a causal link. Overall, our findings demonstrate that transparency is important in shaping depositors’ behavior and highlight its potential costs.
Abstract TMP106: Humanized Sickle Mice Are Sensitive to Hypoxia-Ischemia-Induced Stroke, but Respond to Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment

Introduction: Stroke, a devastating complication in children with Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA), consists of silent cerebral infarct (SCI) and large overt stroke. The current management relies on blood transfusion without the use of thrombolytic agents. However, a recent study showed that co-existent SCA does not impact the safety of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment. This finding calls for systemic analysis of the effects of thrombolysis in experimental stroke. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that sickle mice are highly vulnerable to hypoxia/ischemia-induced stroke, but respond to tPA-thrombolytic therapy. Methods: Townes sickle mice (knock-in/out mice that express the human α, γ, and sickle-β hemoglobin genes) were subjected to Doppler measurement of the carotid artery and evaluated for their responses to repetitive-mild hypoxia-ischemia (rmHI) and transient hypoxia-ischemia (tHI)-induced stroke at 3 and 6 months of age, respectively. The effects of tPA treatment after tHI in sickle mice were also exam...
Neurochemical correlates of functional decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objective To determine whether proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) can detect neurochemical changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with heterogeneous functional decline. Methods Nineteen participants with early-stage ALS and 18 age-matched and sex ratio-matched controls underwent ultra-high field 1 H-MRS scans of the upper limb motor cortex and pons, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R total, upper limb and bulbar) and upper motor neuron burden assessments in a longitudinal observational study design with follow-up assessments at 6 and 12 months. Slopes of neurochemical levels over time were compared between patient subgroups classified by the rate of upper limb or bulbar functional decline. 1 H-MRS and clinical ratings at baseline were assessed for ability to predict study withdrawal due to disease progression. Results Motor cortex total N -acetylaspartate to myo -inositol ratio (tNAA:mIns) significantly declined in patients who worsened in upper limb function over the follow-up period (n=9, p=0.002). Pons glutamate + glutamine significantly increased in patients who worsened in bulbar function (n=6, p Conclusion Neurochemical changes in motor areas of the brain are associated with functional decline in corresponding body regions. 1 H-MRS was a better predictor of study withdrawal due to ALS progression than ALSFRS-R.
A novel high-temperature MAS probe with optimized temperature gradient across sample rotor for in-situ monitoring of high-temperature high-pressure chemical reactions.

Abstract We present a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe design focused on optimizing the temperature gradient across the sample for high temperature magic angle spinning (MAS) experiments using standard rotors. Computational flow dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to assess and optimize the temperature gradient across the sample under MAS conditions. The chemical shift and linewidth of 207Pb direct polarization in lead nitrate were used to calibrate the sample temperature and temperature gradient, respectively. A temperature gradient of less than 3 °C across the sample was obtained by heating bearing gas flows and adjusting its temperature and flow rate during variable temperature (VT) experiments. A maximum temperature of 350 °C was achieved in this probe using a Varian 5 mm MAS rotor with standard Vespel drive tips and end caps. Time-resolved 13C and 1H MAS NMR experiments were performed at 325 °C and 60 bar to monitor an in-situ mixed phase reverse water gas shift reaction, industrial synthesis of CH3OH from a mixture of CO2 and H2 with a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, demonstrating the first in-situ NMR monitoring of a chemical system at temperatures higher than 250 °C in a pressurized environment. The combination of this high-temperature probe and high-pressure rotors will allow for in-situ NMR studies of a great variety of chemical reactions that are inaccessible to conventional NMR setup.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of competitive parapatry in chewing lice.

We synthesize observations from 1979 to 2016 of a contact zone involving two subspecies of pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae connectens and T. b. opulentus) and their respective chewing lice (Geomydoecus aurei and G. centralis) along the Rio Grande Valley in New Mexico, U.S.A., to test predictions about the dynamics of the zone. Historically, the natural flood cycle of the Rio Grande prevented contact between the two subspecies of pocket gophers. Flood control measures completed in the 1930s permitted contact, thus establishing the hybrid zone between the pocket gophers and the contact zone between their lice (without hybridization). Since that time, the pocket gopher hybrid zone has stabilized, whereas the northern chewing louse species has replaced the southern louse species at a consistent rate of ~150 m/year. The 0.2-0.8 width of the replacement zone has remained constant, reflecting the constant rate of chewing louse species turnover on a single gopher and within a local pocket gopher population. In contrast, the full width of the replacement zone (northernmost G. centralis to southernmost G. aurei) has increased annually. By employing a variety of metrics of the species replacement zone, we are better able to understand the dynamics of interactions between and among the chewing lice and their pocket gopher hosts. This research provides an opportunity to observe active species replacement and resulting distributional shifts in a parasitic organism in its natural setting.
Electromagnetic fields alter the motility of metastatic breast cancer cells

Interactions between cells and their environment influence key physiologic processes such as their propensity to migrate. However, directed migration controlled by extrinsically applied electrical signals is poorly understood. Using a novel microfluidic platform, we found that metastatic breast cancer cells sense and respond to the net direction of weak (∼100 µV cm−1), asymmetric, non-contact induced Electric Fields (iEFs). iEFs inhibited EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) activation, prevented formation of actin-rich filopodia, and hindered the motility of EGF-treated breast cancer cells. The directional effects of iEFs were nullified by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, iEFs in combination with Akt inhibitor reduced EGF-promoted motility below the level of untreated controls. These results represent a step towards isolating the coupling mechanism between cell motility and iEFs, provide valuable insights into how iEFs target multiple diverging cancer cell signaling mechanisms, and demonstrate that electrical signals are a fundamental regulator of cancer cell migration. Ayush Arpit Garg et al. demonstrate that metastatic breast cancer cells respond to weak, non-contact induced Electric Fields, reducing their motility in an Akt-dependent manner. This study provides insight into how non-contact induced Electric Fields regulate cancer cell signaling to hinder their migration.
Connecting SDSS central galaxies to their host haloes using total satellite luminosity

The total luminosity of satellite galaxies around a central galaxy, L$_{sat}$, is a powerful metric for probing dark matter halos. In this paper we use data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys to explore the relationship between L$_{sat}$ and various observable galaxy properties for a sample of 117,966 central galaxies out to $z = 0.15$. At fixed stellar mass, every galaxy property we explore shows a correlation with L$_{sat}$. This implies that dark matter halos play a possibly significant role in determining these secondary galaxy properties. We quantify these correlations by computing the mutual information between L$_{sat}$ and secondary properties and explore how this mutual information varies as a function of stellar mass and when separating the sample into star-forming and quiescent central galaxies. We find that absolute r-band magnitude correlates more strongly with L$_{sat}$ than stellar mass across all galaxy populations; and that effective radius, velocity dispersion, and S\'ersic index do so as well for star-forming and quiescent galaxies. L$_{sat}$ is sensitive to both the mass of the host halo as well as the halo formation history, with younger halos having higher L$_{sat}$. L$_{sat}$ by itself cannot distinguish between these two effects, but measurements of galaxy large-scale environment can break this degeneracy. For star-forming central galaxies, we find that r$_{\rm eff}$, $\sigma_v$, and S\'ersic index all correlate with large-scale density, implying that these halo age plays a role in determining these properties. For quiescent galaxies, we find that all secondary properties are independent of environment, implying that correlations with L$_{sat}$ are driven only by halo mass. These results are a significant step forward in quantifying the full extent of the galaxy-halo connection, and present a new test of galaxy formation models.
Positive Youth Development and Citizenship Behaviors in Young Athletes: U.S. and Canadian Coaches’ Perspectives

It has been argued that sport is a way for youth to develop psychosocial skills that lead to holistic development. However, participation itself in sport does not lead to this growth; mechanisms for growth must be intentional, often conducted by coaches. Thus, the purpose of this descriptive study was to understand the integration of positive youth development concepts of citizenship into youth sport organizations. One hundred five coaches from the United States and Canada completed an online survey created by the researchers and comprising preexisting measures and newly devised questions. The coaches most heavily emphasized a mastery climate focusing on effort and having fun and emphasized winning the least. Additionally, coaches perceived their youth athletes to learn respect for others, teamwork, and respect for self at the highest rates through participation in their program. Regarding specific techniques for developing citizenship, participants provided many concrete examples in open responses: creating leadership development opportunities for girls in their organization, having league homework programs, and running food drives. Research has identified time as a major barrier to the implementation of opportunities for the explicit transfer of citizenship skills, and the participants provided several methods of growth that are not time intensive. The practical implications and limitations of the results are discussed.Subscribe to TPE
Coping with the Unexpected: Patient Trust in Physicians following Delivery.

Objective Patient's trust in physicians is a significant predictor of continuity, adherence, and satisfaction with care. However, it is unclear what influences a woman's trust in her physician. This study sought to determine if women's trust in their clinicians was affected by unexpected outcomes at the time of delivery. Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of 300 postpartum women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Participants completed the validated Trust in Physician Scale during their postpartum hospitalization. Participants' scores were compared based on their exposure to an unexpected pregnancy outcome. Results Of the 300 women consented to participate in this study, 294 completed the Trust in Physician Scale. The mean overall trust score was 80/100 with a range of 42 to 100. Unexpected pregnancy outcomes occurred in 41% (120) of women in this cohort. There was no significant difference in the trust score between women who did and did not have at least one unexpected outcome (0.79 vs. 0.79, p = 0.93). Additionally, there was no significant association between the trust score and any individual unexpected pregnancy outcome. Conclusion Unexpected pregnancy outcomes are not associated with changes in women's trust in their obstetric clinicians. These results emphasize the antepartum period as the essential time for patient–physician relationship building which has important implications for postpartum follow-up and long-term psychiatric sequelae from unexpected outcomes.
Reproductive outcomes following a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Purpose: To determine the effect of ruptured ectopic pregnancies on the rate of future intrauterine pregnancies.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients at a University-aff...