cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progressive multi-component home-based physical therapy for deconditioned older adults following acute hospitalization: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Objective:To determine whether a progressive multicomponent physical therapy intervention in the home setting can improve functional mobility for deconditioned older adults following acute hospitalization.Design:Randomized controlled trial.Setting:Patient homes in the Denver, CO, metropolitan area.Participants:A total of 22 homebound older adults age 65 and older (mean ± SD; 85.4 ±7.83); 12 were randomized to intervention group and 10 to the control group.Intervention:The progressive multicomponent intervention consisted of home-based progressive strength, mobility and activities of daily living training. The control group consisted of usual care rehabilitation.Measurements:A 4-meter walking speed, modified Physical Performance Test, Short Physical Performance Battery, 6-minute walk test.Results:At the 60-day time point, the progressive multicomponent intervention group had significantly greater improvements in walking speed (mean change: 0.36 m/s vs. 0.14 m/s, p = 0.04), modified physical performance tes...
Physiological and Biochemical Response of the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Two Marine Diatoms to Fe Stress

Flavodoxin is a small electron-transfer protein capable of replacing ferredoxin during periods of Fe deficiency. When evaluating the suitability of flavodoxin as a diagnostic indicator for Fe limitation of phytoplankton growth, we examined its expression in two marine diatoms we cultured using trace-metal-buffered medium. Thalassio-sira weissflogii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum were cultured in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-buffered Sargasso Sea water containing from 10 to 1000 nM added Fe. Trace-metal-buffered cultures of each diatom maintained high growth rates across the entire range of Fe additions. Similarly, declines in chlorophyll/cell and in the ratio of photosystem II variable-to-maximum fluorescence were negligible (P. tricornutum) to moderate (T. weissflogii; 54% decline in chlorophyll/cell and 22% decrease in variable-to-maximum fluorescence). Moreover, only minor variations in photosynthetic parameters were observed across the range of additions. In contrast, flavodoxin was expressed to high levels in low-Fe cultures. Despite the inverse relationship between flavodoxin expression and Fe content of the medium, its expression was seemingly independent of any of the indicators of cell physiology that were assayed. It appears that flavodoxin is expressed as an early-stage response to Fe stress and that its accumulation need not be intimately connected to limitations imposed by Fe on the growth rate of these diatoms.
Race and Health Disparities

Inequalities in health exist along many dimensions, and racial health inequality is both substantial and pervasive in many nations. This entry focuses on notable differences in health across racial categories, reviewing disparities in morbidity, health behavior, health service use, and mortality. Macro and micro social forces are considered. Keywords: race and ethnicity; sociology of aging; sociology of health and illness
POLYADENYLATION OF RNA IN A CELL-FREE SYSTEM FROM MOUSE MYELOMA CELLS

Isolated nuclei frommouse myeloma cells which were active in RNA synthesis did not synthesize detectable amounts of poly(A)-containing RNA. On addition of a soluble protein extract from crude nuclei, the highly purified nuclei synthesized significanamounts of poly(A)-containing RNA, as analyzed by chromatography on poly(U)-Sepharose. The poly(A) tract was totally synthesized de novo and was indistinguishable from poly(A) synthesized in vivo. Twenty per cent of the RNA polymerase II products were polyadenylated. More than 80% of the newly synthesized poly(A) was present on molecules at least partially transcribed in vitro. The transcription and polyadenylation reaction could be separated temporally and a portion (10%) of the polyadenylated RNA was released into the extra nuclear fraction. We conclude that this system carries out one RNA processing reaction, polyadenylation, faithfully.
Accelerated Iteration Schemes for Transonic Flow Calculations Using Fast Poisson Solvers

The use of a fast elliptic solver in combination with relaxation is presented as an effective way to accelerate the convergence of transonic flow calculations, particularly when a marching scheme can be used to treat the supersonic zone in the relaxation process.
The magnetic structure of solar and stellar atmospheres

This paper summarizes the present state of knowledge and understanding of the remarkable structure of the magnetic field of the one star where the structure can be observed. The discussion emphasizes several of the outstanding puzzles in the form of the field above and below the visible surface and provides a brief survey of present theoretical understanding, so far as it goes. Emphasis is given to the basic observational and theoretical work that remains before we have what might be called a theory of solar and stellar activity.
ACCOMMODATING MOBILE LEARNING IN COLLEGE PROGRAMS

Mobile devices and applications are expected to have a significant impact on teaching and learning in the near future. Yet colleges and universities are currently facing severe budget constraints and discretionary funding is restricted for new initiatives. The question addressed in this paper is: “What strategy should an institution of higher learning with limited resources use in adapting the capabilities of mobile devices to benefit its academic programs?” To help answer this question, students were surveyed to identify their perceptions on the importance of a selected set of mobile learning functions, their experience with using those functions, their recommendation for a mobile learning adoption strategy, and information on the particular mobile devices they possess. The recommended strategy was “pick and choose special capabilities to develop” with the selected functions being (1) Receive alerts and reminders about assignments and appointments concerning the course being taken; (2) Communicate individually with faculty, an advisor, or other students using voice, email, or text messaging; (3) Post or reply to items in a poll, discussion board, or other application; and (4) Download and review lesson materials from a course being taken. Other recommendations included techniques for faculty and student support services as well as institutional policies for limiting models of mobile devices for use in courses, making online courseware for laptops and desktops the same as mobile learning courseware, and making the opportunity for mobile learning optional.
Conjugated bile acid–activated S1P receptor 2 is a key regulator of sphingosine kinase 2 and hepatic gene expression

UNLABELLED Bile acids are important hormones during the feed/fast cycle, allowing the liver to coordinately regulate nutrient metabolism. How they accomplish this has not been fully elucidated. Conjugated bile acids activate both the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways via sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in rodent hepatocytes and in vivo. Here, we report that feeding mice a high-fat diet, infusion of taurocholate into the chronic bile fistula rat, or overexpression of the gene encoding S1PR2 in mouse hepatocytes significantly upregulated hepatic sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) but not SphK1. Key genes encoding nuclear receptors/enzymes involved in nutrient metabolism were significantly downregulated in livers of S1PR2(-/-) and SphK2(-/-) mice. In contrast, overexpression of the gene encoding S1PR2 in primary mouse hepatocytes differentially increased SphK2, but not SphK1, and mRNA levels of key genes involved in nutrient metabolism. Nuclear levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate, an endogenous inhibitor of histone deacetylases 1 and 2, as well as the acetylation of histones H3K9, H4K5, and H2BK12 were significantly decreased in hepatocytes prepared from S1PR2(-/-) and SphK2(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION Both S1PR2(-/-) and SphK2(-/-) mice rapidly developed fatty livers on a high-fat diet, suggesting the importance of conjugated bile acids, S1PR2, and SphK2 in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism.
Liver injury in α1-antitrypsin deficiency: an aggregated protein induces mitochondrial injury

α1-Antitrypsin (α1AT), the archetype of the Serpin supergene family, is the principal blood-borne inhibitor of destructive neutrophil proteases including elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 (reviewed in ref. 1). This glycoprotein, is secreted by liver cells and is considered an acute-phase reactant because its plasma levels increase during the host response to inflammation/tissue injury. The classical form of α1AT deficiency, which affects 1 in 1,800 live births in Northern European and North American populations, is associated with a mutant molecule termed α1ATZ, which is retained as a polymer in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of liver cells (reviewed in refs. 2, 3). Homozygotes are predisposed to premature development of pulmonary emphysema by a loss-of-function mechanism in which lack of α1AT in the lung permits uninhibited proteolytic damage to the connective tissue matrix (4, 5). Cigarette smoking markedly increases the risk and rate of development of emphysema (6). One mechanism for this environmental risk factor involves the functional inactivation of residual α1AT by phagocyte-derived active oxygen intermediates (4, 5). However, a growing body of evidence suggests that other environmental factors and genetic traits affect the incidence and severity of lung disease among α1AT-deficient individuals (7). It is still not entirely clear whether heterozygotes for α1ATZ are predisposed to lung disease. Homozygotes for α1ATZ (“PIZZ” individuals) are also at risk for liver disease. In fact, α1AT deficiency is the most common genetic cause of liver disease in children (2, 3), and it predisposes adults to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (8). However, in contrast to the pathobiology of lung disease, liver injury in this deficiency appears to involve a gain-of-function mechanism whereby retention of the mutant α1ATZ molecule in the ER triggers a series of events that are eventually hepatotoxic. The strongest evidence for a gain-of-function mechanism comes from studies in which mice transgenic for mutant human α1ATZ develop liver injury with many of the histopathologic hallmarks of the human condition (9, 10). Because there are normal levels of anti-elastases in these mice, as directed by endogenous genes, the liver injury cannot be attributed to a loss of function. Landmark nationwide prospective screening studies done by Sveger in Sweden have documented an extraordinary variation in the phenotypic expression of liver disease among homozygotes. In these studies, only 10–15% of the PIZZ population developed clinically significant liver disease over the first 20 years of life (11, 12). These data indicate that other genetic traits and/or environmental factors predispose a subgroup of PIZZ individuals to liver injury. Because only a subgroup of homozygotes develop liver disease and because there is an inherent bias in ascertainment in other clinical studies of α1AT deficiency, it has been very difficult to determine whether heterozygous (“PIMZ”) individuals are at increased risk for liver disease.
Immune and clinical impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus on asthma.

Background Animal and human studies have suggested that yogurt containing live active bacteria leads to improved immune and clinical responses. Specific benefits of yogurt containing L. acidophilus on allergic asthma have been hypothesized but not studied. Methods In a crossover double-blinded design, the effect of live active yogurt (225 g twice daily) with or without L.acidophilus was studied in 15 adult patients with moderate asthma. Immune and clinical parameters were measured before and after the two 1-month crossover phases. Results No significant changes were noted in peripheral cell counts, IgE, IL-2, or IL-4 when comparing the two diets to each other. Concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes from patients who consumed yogurt containing L. acidophilus produced borderline elevated interferon gamma levels (P = .054). No differences were noted in mean daily peak flows or changes in spirometric values. Quality of life indices were unchanged when comparing the two groups. Conclusions Yogurt containing L. acidophilus generated trends in the increase in interferon gamma and decreased eosinophilia; however, we were unable to detect changes in clinical parameters in asthma patients in association with these modest immune changes.
Structure and Charge Hopping Dynamics in Green Rust

Green rust is a family of mixed-valent iron phases formed by a number of abiotic and biotic processes under alkaline suboxic conditions. Due to its high Fe2+ content, green rust is a potentially important phase for pollution remediation by serving as a powerful electron donor for reductive transformation. However, mechanisms of oxidation of this material are poorly understood. An essential component of the green rust structure is a mixed-valent brucite-like Fe(OH)2 sheet comprised of a two dimensional network of edge-sharing iron octahedra. Room temperature Mossbauer spectra show a characteristic signature for intermediate valence on the iron atoms in this sheet, indicative of a Fe2+-Fe3+ valence interchange reaction faster than approximately 107 s-1. Using Fe(OH)2 as structural analogue for reduced green rust, we performed Hartree-Fock calculations on periodic slab models and cluster representations to determine the structure and hopping mobility of Fe3+ hole polarons in this material, providing a first principles assessment of the Fe2+-Fe3+ valence interchange reaction rate. The calculations show that among three possible symmetry unique iron-to-iron hops within a sheet, a hop to next-nearest neighbors at an intermediate distance of 5.6 A is the fastest. The predicted rate is on the order of 1012 s-1 consistent the Mossbauer-based constraint. Allmore » other possibilities, including hopping across interlayer spaces, are predicted to be slower than 107 s-1. Collectively, the findings suggest the possibility of hole self-diffusion along sheets as a mechanism for regeneration of lattice Fe2+ sites, consistent with previous experimental observations of edge-inward progressive oxidation of green rust.« less
CORBA infrastructure for distributed learning and meta-learning

A distributed component infrastructure using CORBA for distributed learning and meta-learning has been developed. This infrastructure has several advantages over traditional methods and simplifies the integration of artificial intelligence capabilities into software-controlled systems. The components of the infrastructure, the construction of a meta-learner, and performance testing of the infrastructure are described.
Characterization Of Process Variability Using Robust Data Summaries

A data summation method is described that employs summary statistics that are relatively insensitive ("robust") to the presence of spurious observations ("outliers"). The method is quick; it is accurate both with and without outliers present; and it is simple for users to understand. It is then shown that these summary statistics can be used to construct variance component estimators, key tools in process improvement and control. The estimators presented are simpler than the conventional variance component estimators and have significantly smaller data storage requirements.© (1988) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On signal parameter estimation

The purpose of this note is to point out a simple but interesting result which is obtained when the ideas of Statistical Decision Theory1 are applied to estimate the parameters of signals represented by a linear expansion of orthogonal functions.2
Effects of oven aging on ABS, poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)

Tensile properties of injection and compression molded ABS, terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene, were measured as a function of aging time at 40 to 90°C. Both air and nitrogen atmospheres were employed to separate the oxidative and thermal effects. Results demonstrate that tensile elongation is drastically reduced by oven aging at 50 to 90°C, even when a nitrogen atmosphere is employed. Aging in air causes changes in the infrared spectra of ABS and these changes can he monitored in thick samples using the frustrated multiple internal reflection (FMIR) technique. The FMIR technique also provides information on the changes in polybutadiene distribution near the surface of molded parts. The loss of tensile elongation after oven aging is attributed to annealing of the glassy styrene-acrylonitrile matrix. This is supported by differential scanning calorimetry. The tensile elongation is found to he recoverable by reheating to processing temperatures.
Aldosterone excretion from infancy to adult life

Abstract A method is described for collecting and processing urine from infants for analysis of its content of steroids. Recovery experiments indicate an accuracy of 70 to 90 per cent. A range of normal values for urinary excretion of aldosterone by infants, children and young adults is recorded.
Brønsted acid-promoted cyclizations of siloxyalkynes with arenes and alkenes.

We have described the first Bronsted acid-mediated cyclizations of siloxyalkynes with simple arenes and alkenes to afford substituted tetralone and cyclohexenone derivatives. The most notable aspect of the carbocyclizations involving siloxyalkynes is the ability to employ a range of substrates that are not restricted to those containing electron-rich arenes and alkenes. The key mechanistic feature of the reaction is the generation of a highly reactive ketenium ion upon protonation of siloxyalkyne. We believe that the low nucleophilicty of the counteranion is crucial for enabling the formation and effective interception of this highly reactive intermediate.
Nicardipine for angina pectoris at rest and coronary arterial spasm.

Abstract The antiischemic effects and safety of nicardipine were assessed in 17 patients with angina at rest and coronary arterial spasm in a randomized placebo-controlled study over 8 to 13 weeks. Eleven patients had previously had unsatisfactory results with long-acting nitrates or other calcium blockers. The average daily dosage of nicardipine for optimal angina relief was 89 mg (range 40 to 160). During the double-blind phase, angina frequency decreased with nicardipine compared with placebo (mean 0.47 vs 2.11 attacks/day, p
Calculations of the superconducting isotope effect

Abstract The strong-coupling theory of superconductivity is used, without simplification, to compute the isotope effect exponent β in T c ∝ M −β for several metals. A comparison is made with the values obtained using two approximate equations for T c .
An Execution Environment for Robust Parallel Computing on Volunteer PC Grids

A pool of distributed volunteer PCs presents an extremely hostile environment for execution of communicating parallel codes due to system and network heterogeneity, varying availability, and frequent failures. Well known methods for fault tolerance, specifically replication and check pointing, are challenging to deploy and not sufficient individually to provide continuous forward application progress. As the failure of a single logical process leads to application failure, the degree of redundancy needed for long running applications is too large to be practical. Check pointing and rollback does not provide protection against slow and variable speed nodes and is impractical when system wide MTBF is in minutes or less, common for a moderate size volunteer computing pool. The approach taken in this research is to exploit both, but that presents formidable challenges, efficient check pointing of distributed replicated processes, dynamic management of redundancy, quick restart in a distributed environment, and others. Proposed solution also leverages node selection based on availability prediction. The integrated runtime system is shown to effectively execute moderate size, coarse grain, communicating codes on a worldwide distributed volunteer environment, a new milestone in volunteer computing. The results provide new insight into how multiple techniques interact and contribute to robustness. The programming model is based on one-sided Put/Get calls to an abstract global shared space that works seamlessly with replicated processes. A Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics code is employed to drive evaluation. The execution environment includes hosts on a University campus as well as hosts distributed around the world.
On the nature of the long‐term degradation of cadmium sulfide solar cells

The spectral response of the CuxS/CdS (x = 2, 1.95) heterojunction is calculated using a simple model and a comparison with published data is made. This comparison suggests that there is a degradation of the djurleite cell (x = 1.95) besides that due to the fact that djurleite has a smaller optical absorption constant than chalcocite. It is shown that the dislocation array necessary to accommodate the lattice mismatch between the djurleite and the cadmium sulfide could be a contributing factor in this degradation. Nous avons calcule la reponse spectrale de l'heterojonction CuxS/CdS (x = 2; 1,95) a l'aide d'un modele simple; et nous avons compare ces calculs avec les donnees publiees. Cette comparison suggere qu'il y a une degradation de la cellule de djurleite (x = 1,95) outre le fait que la djurleite ait une constante d'absorption optique plus faible que la chalcocite. Nous avons montre que le reseau de dislocations necessaire a l'ajustement de la difference de parametre des mailles de la djurleite et du cadmium sulfure peut ětre une cause de cette degradation.
Axial dispersion in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed liquid chromatography column

Abstract Interest in the magnetically stabilized fluidized bed as a bioprocessing tool has developed rapidly in recent years. While several demonstrations of bioseparations in the MSFB already have been published, little information about the basic characteristics of this system as a new chromatographic tool have yet emerged. We investigated the axial dispersion characteristics of laboratory-scale MSFB columns loaded with 95-μm support particles, a size appropriate for chromatography. Dispersion coefficients determined for inert tracer injections at flow rates up to 4 times the minimum fluidization velocity for the bed were of the same order of magnitude as those in packed beds. At still higher velocities, dispersion coefficients were an order of magnitude greater than those found in packed beds. The MSFB was even more susceptible to nonuniformities of fluid distribution than ordinary fluidized beds, because magnetic particle aggregation tended to exacerbate flaws spontaneously appearing in the bed. Though horizontal field stabilization required higher field strengths, this orientation seemed somewhat more resistant to growth of flow nonuniformities. In these batch bed studies, we found plate counts of between 1000 and 6000 plates/metre, corresponding to dimensionless HETPs of 2 to 10 particle diameters, in 1/4- and 3/8-in diameter columns.
Clearance of metformin by hemofiltration in overdose.

Background: Metformin is prescribed with an increasing frequency for patients with Type II diabetes mellitus; the increasing availability increases the risk of intentional overdoses. Metformin may cause severe lactic acidosis in overdose, especially when accompanied by co-ingestants or other medical conditions that alter lactate handling or metformin elimination. Though the clearance of therapeutic metformin by hemodialysis is known, the clearance in the setting of a large overdose has not been reported. Case Report: A 58-year-old man with a history of Type II diabetes, hypertension, bipolar disease, and decreased renal function presented after ingestion of approximately 40 500-mg metformin tablets and 20 240-mg diltiazem sustained-release tablets. Clinical manifestations of poisoning included somnolence, hypotension, bradycardia, severe lactic acidosis, and ultimately death. Gastric decontamination was attempted with gastric lavage, multiple dose activated charcoal, and whole bowel irrigation. Hemodynami...
Dot plot sequence comparisons on Macintosh computers.

Dotty Plotter is a Macintosh program for viewing dot matrix comparisons of sequences in molecular biology. Dotty Plotter, written in MPW pascal and C, takes advantage of the excellent windowing and graphics capabilities of Apple Macintosh computers to provide an easy to use but sophisticated sequence comparison
Immunizations and pregnancy: An update for pharmacists

Abstract Objective To review the safety of immunizations in pregnancy. Data sources PubMed search using the terms vaccine, immunizations , and pregnancy , as well as current national guidelines. Data synthesis Immunizations for women of childbearing age are an integral component of pregnancy planning. Some vaccines are compatible with pregnancy, whereas others, in particular live-attenuated vaccines, are contraindicated because of the theoretical risk to the fetus. The immunizing pharmacist must be aware of updated guidelines regarding the safe and appropriate use of vaccines during pregnancy. Certain routine adult vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy, including the live-attenuated intranasal influenza, measles–mumps–rubella, varicella, zoster, and human papillomavirus vaccines. The trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine is specifically recommended for all women who are pregnant during influenza season. The hepatitis B, tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis, and several other routine adult and travel vaccines may be administered safely in pregnancy if the patient meets certain risk criteria. Breast-feeding is compatible with all routine adult vaccines. Vaccinia (smallpox) and yellow fever vaccines are cautioned against use except in certain circumstances. Conclusion Pharmacists can play an important role in recommending safe and appropriate vaccines before and during pregnancy.
A Lightweight Deterministic MAC Protocol Using Low Cross-Correlation Sequences

In traditional wireless networks, two nodes cannot simultaneously transmit their packets to each other with one radio device (having no machinery enabling full duplex). To ensure bidirectional communications, we need a medium access protocol to coordinate neighboring nodes' transmissions. Two conflicting design goals for the medium access protocol are the ease of implementation and performance guarantees. We propose a novel medium access protocol which is easily implementable (not requiring clock synchronization) and guarantees performance (the fraction of available slots). Our basic idea is to exploit a set of binary sequences having provably low cross-correlation. Each node has its own code sequence and determines whether to transmit or receive a packet by sequentially examining each bit of the code sequence. As an example, we consider the application of Gold code sequences and theoretically analyze the the fraction of available slots that a Gold-code- based MAC can provide. Our simulation verifies our analysis and shows that a Gold-code-based MAC guarantees the fraction of available slots even on a short time scale.
Multiprotocol transport networking: eliminating application dependencies on communications protocols

The Multiprotocol Transport Networking (MPTN) architecture is a general solution that breaks the binding between distributed applications and communications protocols. The MPTN architecture enables existing applications to run unmodified over any communications protocol. In this paper, we first present the trends in networking that resulted in today's networks supporting multiple communications protocols. Next, we describe the classes of problems this support causes. The MPTN architecture is described and presented as a solution to many of these problems. We also present several alternative solutions to the multiple communications protocol problem and compare them to the MPTN solution. Last, we describe the IBM AnyNet™ family of products that implement the MPTN architecture.
Effectiveness of Poster for Nutrition Education in an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinic

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: The participant will describe why a poster is an effective way to educate patients in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinic setting. Weight loss and low albumin indicate malnutrition and, in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) population, correlate with increased morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that 95% of people with AIDS will experience malnutrition and malnutrition will further compromise the immune system. The Guidelines for Nutrition Support in AIDS recommend nutrition counseling begin with diagnosis. But, in the face of cost containment pressures, patients are not being referred to dietitians until after wasting or other nutrition problems arise. The clinic waiting room is often a missed opportunity for nutrition education. A poster was placed in the HIV/AIDS clinic waiting room with information about energy and protein needs, food labels, increasing intake, food safety and fat and lactose intolerance. Folders attached to the poster offered AIDS nutrition booklets, recipes and surveys. The poster took approximately 8 hours to make. A poster can remain in the clinic for 3-4 months before it becomes repetitive. During a four week period, approximately 450 patients were seen in the clinic. Using the number of nutrition booklets taken as a measure of people reading the poster, 55 (12%) clinic patients read the poster. To see an equal number of patients individually would require approximately 70 hours of a dietitian's time to counsel the patients and complete documentation. Twelve surveys were completed representing 22% of those reading the poster. Ten surveys (83%) indicated the readers learned new information and planned to make changes in their behavior. Only 2 (17%) felt they had learned nothing new. A poster in the waiting room of the HIV/AIDS clinic is a cost effective and useful way to provide nutrition information. It is also an effective way to reach patients who are not being referred to a dietitian.
Evolution of a community-wide early defibrillation programme experience over 13 years using police/fire personnel and paramedics as responders.

Abstract Background: In November 1990, a 2-year trial period was initiated in which police officers in the city of Rochester, Minnesota, were trained in the operation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs). Following the trial, the program was expanded as the city grew in population and area. In 1998 firefighters also were equipped with AEDs, bringing to a total 18 AEDs with police and fire personnel, in addition to paramedic capability. Methods: From November 1990 to December 2003, all adult patients with atraumatic cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation (VF) as the presenting rhythm were included for analysis. Call-to-shock time intervals, restoration of spontaneous circulation after defibrillation shocks only (without need for vasoactive or inotropic drug administration), and neurologically intact survival (overall performance category (OPC) 1 or 2) were study end-points. Results: One hundred and ninety-three patients presented in VF. Of these, 80 (41%) were discharged neurologically intact. Of the 159 VF patients whose arrest was bystander-witnessed 73 (46%) were discharged. Survival from non-VF arrest was very low (5%). Assessment of VF survivors demonstrated a quality of life, adjusted for age, gender, and disease, similar to that of the general population. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that a relatively high survival can be obtained in a city of this size and area employing a non-tiered community-wide approach within the emergency medical services (EMS) system.
Epidermale Sensibilisierung und Kontakt-Dermatitis unter besonderer Berücksichtigung moderner synthetischer Verbindungen†

Die Verbreitung dieser Krankheit, die Schwierigkeiten ihrer Erkennung und Behandlung liegen darin, das dieselbe chemische Verbindung in verschiedener Form und Zweckbestimmung an die Haut herangebracht werden kann; hinzu kommen die Gruppen- und Kreuzsensibilisierungen, z. B. im Rahmen einer Para-Gruppe (Lokalanaesthetika vom Procain-Typ, Para-aminobenzoesaure u. a.). Pathogenetisch kommt sowohl dem Lymphsystem als auch dem Nervensystem entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Krankheitsbild einschlieslich Prophylaxe und Therapie wird an einer Reihe von Beispielen erlautert. Epidermal Sensibilisation and Contact-Dermatitis in Particular View to Modern Synthetic Compounds The spreading of this disease, the difficulties in their identification and diagnosis are caused, that the same chemical compound can be brought to the skin in different form and purpose; to this chemical compound belong the groups- und cross-sensibilisations, for instance of the para-group (localanaestheties of procain type, para-aminobenzoic acid etc.). Pathogenetic the lymphsystem as well as the nervosystem is of great importance. A serie of examples of the symptom with its prophylaxis and therapy is described.
Mineral acid-catalyzed condensation of meadowfoam fatty acids into estolides

Meadowfoam fatty acids (83% monoenoic fatty acid), reacted with 0.01–0.1 mole equivalents of perchloric acid, gave 33–71% yield of estolide, an oligomeric 2° ester, resulting from self condensation. Equimolar amounts of perchloric acid to fatty acid failed to produce estolide but converted the fatty acids to a mixture of lactones, mainly γ-eicosanolactone. Temperature plays a critical role; higher temperatures (75–100°C), at the same acid concentration, provide lactones while lower temperatures (20–65°C) yield estolides. Lower acid levels (<0.1 mole equivalents) gave the best yields (≈70%) at 65°C. The estolide and monomer were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared high-pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The estolide is a mixture of oligomers with an average distribution near 1.65 ester units. The ester linkages are located mainly at the original double bond positions but have some positional isomerization to adjacent sites in accord with carbocation migration along the alkyl chain. The residual double bond of the estolide was extensively isomerized fromcis totrans and positionally along the chain. The distilled monomer is similar in structure to the unsaturated portion of the estolide with geometrical and positional double bond isomerization. In addition, a significant amount of cyclization of the fatty acids to lactone (≈30%) had occurred.
Corrigendum to “Steel foam for structures: A review of applications, manufacturing and material properties” [Journal of Constructional Steel Research 71 (2012) 1–10]

Corrigendum to “Steel foam for structures: A review of applications, manufacturing and material properties” [Journal of Constructional Steel Research 71 (2012) 1–10] B.H. Smith , S. Szyniszewski , J.F. Hajjar , B.W. Schafer ⁎, S.R. Arwade a a Dept. of Civil & Env. Engg. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA b Dept. of Civil Engg., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA c Dept. of Civil & Env. Engg., Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Lattice dilation and local magnetic anisotropy in nitrogenated iron-based soft magnetic films

Soft magnetism in FeN-based films intimately depends on the lattice dilation caused by N incorporation. We suggest that the softest magnetic properties can be predicted in terms of critical lattice dilation. A detailed investigation of the structure constant in FeTaN films is presented and theoretically described. A comparison is made between Takahashi and Shimatsu's model as a function of the lattice dilation and Doyle and Finnegan's model with respect to the film stress. Finally, predictions are made for the behavior of FeSiN and FeAlN films.
High-Density Lipoprotein Mimetics: Focus on Synthetic High-Density Lipoprotein

Epidemiologic studies show an inverse relation between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and coronary artery disease, and proof-of-concept experimental studies suggest that HDL and its apolipoproteins, specifically apolipoprotein (apo) A-I , have atheroprotective effects. Atheroprotective effects of HDL are attributed to its ability to remove macrophage cholesterol by stimulating reverse cholesterol transport as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Several different strategies are currently being pursued to exploit the vascular-protective effects of HDL. One such approach involves direct administration of synthetic reconstituted HDL made from linking phospholipid carriers with recombinant mutant apoA-I or plasma-derived wild-type apoA-I.
A method for obtaining three-dimensional computational equilibrium of non-neutral plasmas using WARP

Computer simulation studies of the stability and transport properties of trapped non-neutral plasmas require the numerical realization of a three-dimensional plasma distribution. This paper presents a new numerical method for obtaining, without an explicit model for physical collisions in the code, a low noise three-dimensional computational equilibrium distribution. This requires both the loading of particles into an idealized distribution and the relaxation from that distribution toward an approximate numerical equilibrium. The equilibrium can then be modified through a slow change of system parameters, to generate other equilibria. In the present, work we apply this method to a UC Berkeley experiment on electron confinement in magnetic geometries appropriate for the ALPHA anti-hydrogen experiment, using the three-dimensional particle-in-cell code WARP. WARP's guiding center mover and its option to switch between different solvers during a simulation are highly valuable because they speed up the simulations; they enable the practical use of the new technique for generating numerical equilibrium states of trapped non-neutral plasmas.
An experimental study of the kinetics of polymer crystallization during shear flow

Some principles of rheology are applied to the study of the shear-induced crystallization of molten polymers. A new technique is described for measuring crystallization kinetics during isothermal flow at constant shear rate in a parallel plate rheometer. The crystallization rate is characterized by the time elapsed from the start of shearing until the rise in melt viscosity due to crystallization. The measured-viscosity and induction time for crystallization are shown to be independent of sample geometry. Kinetic data are presented for crystallization of three linear polyethylenes at shear rates of 0.03 – 30 sec−1. It is shown that shear flow has a strong accelerating effect on crystallization when the deformation rate exceeds a critical value. Comparison of results for the different polyethylenes reveals that higher molecular weight materials crystallize faster at a given shear rate and temperature. Finally, shear-induced crystallization of propylene polymers is shown to be unaffected by the presence of either a carbon black additive or a heterogeneous nucleating agent. It is concluded that the hydrodynamic origin of the shear-induced crystallization is elastic chain extension due to entanglement couplings between molecules. Furthermore, it is suggested that transient orientation effects during the startup of shear flow may have a dominant influence on the observed phenomena.
An X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of vapor deposited gold thin films on aluminum nitride (A1N) substrates

Abstract The promise of aluminum nitride (A1N) as a substrate material for highly thermally-conductive electronics packages has fostered a number of efforts to develop adherent metallization systems for A1N. In this study, thin films of Au have been thermally evaporated onto polycrystalline A1N substrates under a variety of conditions, and studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that the root mean squared strain obtained from the Warren-Averbach method based on X-ray peak broadening offers a qualitative non-destructive measure of interfacial adhesion between the Au film and the A1N substrate. Interfacial adhesion between Au and A1N has been shown to improve with increasing substrate surface roughness, improving deposition vacuum, increased substrate surface cleanliness, and when a Cr or Al 2 O 3 inter-layer is present between the film and the substrate. A method based on X-ray line shift data was utilized to calculate stacking fault probabilities in the Au films. It was found that the density of stacking faults increased with improving interfacial adhesion for a given substrate surface roughness. TEM revealed numerous twins steeply inclined to the film/foil surface, although the twinning probability calculated via XRD based on peak asymmetry was small, suggesting a low twin density parallel to the film surface. All the films studied had similar grain sizes (∼ 50–70 nm), and possessed a weak {111} fiber texture with the fiber axis normal to the substrate surface. The in-plane grain size and film texture were found to have little dependence on the substrate surface preparation, although variations in the crystallite sizes measured by XRD suggested that the through-thickness grain size may depend on interfacial adhesion.
Comparison of four methods for determining precipitable water vapor content from multispectral data

Determining columnar water vapor is a fundamental problem in remote sensing. This measurement is important both for understanding atmospheric variability and also for removing atmospheric effects from remotely sensed data. Therefore, discovering a reliable, and if possible, automated method for determining water vapor column abundance is important. There are two standard methods for determining precipitable water vapor during the daytime from multi-spectral data. The first method is the Continuum Interpolated Band Ratio (CIBR). This method assumes a baseline and measures the depth of a water vapor feature as compared to this baseline. The second method is the Atmospheric Pre-corrected Differential Absorption technique (APDA); this method accounts for the path radiance contribution to the top of atmosphere radiance measurement, which is increasingly important at lower and lower reflectance values. We have also developed two methods of modifying CIBR. We use a simple curve fitting procedure to account for and remove any systematic errors due to low reflectance while still preserving the random spread of the CIBR values as a function of surface reflectance. We also have developed a two-dimensional look-up table for CIBR; CIBR, using this technique, is a function of both water vapor (as with all CIBR techniques) and surface reflectance. Here we use data recently acquired with the Multi-spectral Thermal Imager spacecraft (MTI) to compare these four methods of determining columnar water vapor content.
Direct 3‐D Nanoparticle Assemblies in Thin Films via Topographically Patterned Surfaces

Simple yet versatile routes to generate macroscopically aligned 3-D NP arrays with tunable structures in supramolecular nanocomposite thin films are presented using faceted and lithographically patterned surfaces. These studies provide a powerful platform for the investigation of emerging structure-property relationships in functional nanocomposites, paving the way for the realization of next-generation devices.
A critique of angle-of-arrival measurements by the phase difference method

In making instantaneous angle-of-arrival measurements with a two-element interferometer, the phase difference of the two received voltages is often used to infer the arrival angle. It is found that this procedure yields an estimate of the beamwidth of the average angle-of-arrival spectrum which is too narrow by approximately 1/\sqrt{3} .
Therapeutic rationale of a psychiatric day center.

The therapeutic rationale of an out-patient neuropsychiatric day center has been described as a unified and planful intervention in a set of highly maladapted behavior patterns and attending feeling states. The day center approach to the treatment of the ambulatory schizophrenic is discussed as a type of milieu therapy, on an outpatient basis, which is designed to modify patterns of social and vocational maladjustment, and to deal with the disorders of thought, affective control, and motivation so commonly seen in this type of patient.
Perceived Risk of Harm From Cigarettes or Smokeless Tobacco Among U.S. High School Seniors

This study examined perceived risk of harm from smoking or ST use in a U.S. nationally representative sample of high school seniors and examined its association with current smoking status. Data were derived from the Monitoring the Future project for 1999 through 2003 (n = 11,093). We used multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the association between comparative perceived risk of harm of smoking and ST use with current smoking status, while adjusting for sex, race, and perceived risk of harm from smoking. In 1999-2003, 74.0% of high school seniors perceived great risk of harm from smoking and 44.9% perceived great risk from using ST. Perceived risk varied by smoking intensity: 80.3% of non-smokers perceived great risk of harm from smoking, compared to 49.7% of students who smoked about one-half pack per day and 36.1% of pack-a-day smokers. Overall, 52.7% perceived equal risk of harm from using either product, 41.3% perceived greater risk from cigarettes, and 6.1% perceived a greater risk from using ST. Adjusting for sex and race, high school seniors who perceived that smoking conveyed a greater risk for harm than did using smokeless tobacco were significantly more likely to be smokers than were those who perceived equal risk from the products (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-1.60). Those who perceived that using smokeless tobacco was riskier than smoking were even more likely to be current smokers (OR = 2.43; 95% CI 1.96-3.01). Effective methods for communicating accurate health risks to young people are needed.
Optimum Control of a System of Oversaturated Intersections

The problem of optimizing the control of two oversaturated traffic intersections is solved by using the semi-graphical methods employed in a previous paper for an isolated intersection. As in the case of a single intersection the optimum control involves values of the control variables that lie along edges of the control region, which in this case is defined by the permissible ranges of the green phase splits. An analytical formulation of the method using Pontryagin's control theory is also given.
Crystal structure of cce_0566 from Cyanothece 51142, a protein associated with nitrogen fixation in the DUF269 family.

The crystal structure for cce_0566 (171 aa, 19.4 kDa), a DUF269 annotated protein from the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142, was determined to 1.60 A resolution. Cce_0566 is a homodimer with each molecule composed of eight α-helices folded on one side of a three strand anti-parallel β-sheet. Hydrophobic interactions between the side chains of largely conserved residues on the surface of each β-sheet hold the dimer together. The fold observed for cce_0566 may be unique to proteins in the DUF269 family, hence, the protein may also have a function unique to nitrogen fixation. A solvent accessible cleft containing conserved charged residues near the dimer interface could represent the active site or ligand-binding surface for the protein’s biological function.
New Technique for AB Initio Atomistic Potentials and Application to Thermal Expansion of Ni/Cr Alloys

A scheme of developing ab initio many body potentials based on total energy calculations within density functional theory (DFT) is presented and demonstrated for transition metal alloys. An ab initio interatomic potential for Ni/Cr alloys is constructed with no input from experimental data. Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study thermal expansions. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) has been calculated over a wide range of temperature, and good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment.