cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of yeast enolase with tetranitromethane.

Abstract Yeast enolase is inactivated by tetranitromethane with production of 1.2 moles of nitrotyrosine per subunit. Protection is afforded by “conformational” metal ion alone. Enzyme thus inactivated no longer appears to bind “conformational” metal ion. There is evidence against direct coordination of the tyrosine to “conformational” metal ion, suggesting modification of the tyrosyl may obstruct the binding site.
Computed tomographic venography is specific but not sensitive for diagnosis of acute lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis in patients with suspected pulmonary embolus

Abstract Purpose: Duplex ultrasound scanning (US) is the accepted standard means of diagnosis for lower-extremity suprageniculate deep venous thrombosis (LE-DVT). Computed tomographic venography (CTV) has been proposed as an alternative modality for diagnosis of LE-DVT in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). This study compared CTV with US as a means of diagnosing acute LE-DVT. Methods: A retrospective review of US and CTV scans from 136 patients with suspected PE who underwent both studies to exclude acute LE-DVT at a single institution was performed. Studies were reviewed and coded in a blinded manner. US was considered to be the reference test. Direct costs of each study were determined by using commercial software. Results: The sensitivity and specificity rates of CTV were 71% and 93%, respectively. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy rates of CTV were 53%, 97%, and 90%, respectively. DVT localization was the same in eight of 10 cases in which the results of both US and CTV were positive. CTV costs and charges per study were greater than those of US by $46.88 and $602.00, respectively. Conclusion: CTV is specific, but has a lower sensitivity rate and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of acute LE-DVT compared with US. Additionally, CTV is more costly than US scanning. Because of the lower sensitivity rate and positive predictive value and the increased cost of CTV, US remains the screening study of choice in cases of suspected acute LE-DVT. (J Vasc Surg 2001;34:798-804.)
Effects of adsorbed films of camphor and thymol on kinetics of the titaniumIV- titaniumIII electrode reaction

Abstract The effect of contamination of a mercury surface by camphor and thymol on the standard rate constant of the titanium IV -titanium III half reaction in 1 M tartaric acid has been determined by means of voltage-step and impedance methods. Complications arising from specific adsorption of the electronegative species proved more disturbing to the impedance method than to the voltage-step method. A linear decrease of rate constant with surface coverage is indicated.
Binding of iron by chicken muscle protein digests: the size of the iron-binding peptides

The dilute salt-insoluble proteins (DSIPs) were extracted from chicken muscle and digested in the presence of ferric iron. The size of the peptides was determined by ultrafiltration using membranes with various molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs). Over 90% of the peptides in both the pepsin and pepsin–pancreatin digestions were smaller than 10 kDa and more than 45% were smaller than 3.5 kDa. Pancreatin digestion increased the amount of small peptides (<3.5 kDa) as compared to pepsin digestion alone. Most of the iron was in a form too large to pass the 10 kDa MWCO membrane and was presumably bound to a few large peptides. About 10% of the iron was smaller than 3.5 kDa, but there was very little in the intermediate range (3.5–10 kDa). Pancreatin digestion produced more soluble iron than pepsin alone, but the size distribution was similar for both digestions. The smaller peptides (<10 kD) bound very little iron during digestion but could bind iron if separated from the large peptides before iron addition. The large iron-binding peptides were separated by ultrafiltration, and a 22-fold increase in specific activity (iron mg−1 peptide) was achieved using a 10 kDa MWCO membrane. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Multispecies remote sensing measurements of vehicle emissions on Sherman Way in Van Nuys, California

As part of the 2010 Van Nuys tunnel study, researchers from the University of Denver measured on-road fuel-specific light-duty vehicle emissions from nearly 13,000 vehicles on Sherman Way (0.4 miles west of the tunnel) in Van Nuys, California, with its multispecies Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test (FEAT) remote sensor a week ahead of the tunnel measurements. The remote sensing mean gram per kilogram carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and oxide of nitrogen (NOx) measurements are 8.9% lower, 41% higher, and 24% higher than the tunnel measurements, respectively. The remote sensing CO/NOx and HC/NOx mass ratios are 28% lower and 20% higher than the comparable tunnel ratios. Comparisons with the historical tunnel measurements show large reductions in CO, HC, and NOx over the past 23 yr, but little change in the HC/NOx mass ratio since 1995. The fleet CO and HC emissions are increasingly dominated by a few gross emitters, with more than a third of the total emissions being contributed by less than 1% of the...
Health-related quality of life in community-dwelling older Whites and African Americans.

OBJECTIVE This study assesses structural and functional characteristics of Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) domains using community-based samples of older Whites and African Americans. Although the eight domains of the SF-36 have by convention been collapsed into two summary categories- physical health and mental health-the authors examine a three-factor model including physical health, mental health, and general well-being. They hypothesized that the general well-being factor would be a mediator between physical and mental health in both groups. METHOD Analyses using structural equation modeling provide support for the approach. RESULTS In both White and African American samples, the three-factor model demonstrated a better fit than the two-factor model. Also, in both groups, general well-being mediated the relationship between physical health and mental health. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that general well-being serves as an intervening step between physical and mental health in both White and African American older adults.
Measurements of interdroplet attractions and the onset of percolation in water-in-oil microemulsions

Both the percolation thresholds and the attractive interdroplet interactions for water-in-oil microemulsions made with sodium 1-(4'-heptylnonyl)benzenesulfonate (SHBS), isobutyl alcohol, water, and NaCl with octane, decane, dodecane, and tetradecane have been measured. We find for this particular microemulsion formulation that percolation occurs when the attractive interdroplet interaction is 2.0±0.3kT
A longitudinal description of heart rate variability in 28--34-week-old preterm infants.

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally describe changes in heart rate variability (HRV) from 28 to 34 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). A convenience sample of 31 low-risk preterm infants participated. HRV was quantified using a spectral analysis of heart periods and recorded during seven weekly test sessions from an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The total range of frequency components (0.04–2.0 Hz), high-frequency (HF) components (0.30–1.3 Hz), and ratio of low-to-high frequency (LF/HF) components (0.04–0.20/0.30–1.3 Hz) were measured. A mixed general linear model analysis revealed no significant change over weekly test sessions for the total, the high, and the ratio of LF/HF components. A significant interaction effect was, however, noted in the HF components for test session × gender (df = 1; F = 4.85; p = .030).With increasing age, the HF components for females increased or displayed a pattern of HRV indicative of a more mature autonomic nervous system (ANS). Study findings warrant further investigation of the impact of gender on normative descriptions of HRV.
False alarm mitigation techniques for SAR CCD

Coherent Change Detection (CCD) is a powerful technique for detecting fine scene changes between two Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images taken at different times. SAR CCD imagery can detect ground disturbances that are invisible in optical or traditional SAR imagery, such as footprints or vehicle tracks [1]. One particular problem with the extreme sensitivity of CCD is the presence of false alarms (clutter) introduced by phenomena such as low SNR (esp. radar shadows) and vegetation [2]. We present two methods to improve the sensitivity of the detector while reducing the amount of false-alarms. The first uses a generalized likelihood ratio test for change detection which incorporates noise explicitly in its models. The second combines two CCD images, generated from three SAR passes of the same area, to cancel out false alarm regions and show only changes from man-made activities of interest, such as vehicle tracks. We show results from each algorithm on real data, and find that the algorithms are effective at reducing the amount of false alarms while increasing the sensitivity of our detector.
Polymer blend mixing and dispersion in the kneading section of a twin‐screw extruder

This paper examines the mechanisms by which a polymer is dispersed in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. An experimental investigation of the morphological evolution has been carried out on a 45-mm co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Polyethylene/polystyrene (PE/PS) blends in the low concentration range (i.e., 5-15 wt% of PE) were used as a model system. The following general trends were observed. First, the minor phase right after melting is predominantly in a fibrillar form. Secondly, droplet and fiber diameter at this early stage of compounding are already in the micron or sub-micron range. Even though a wide variety of mixing section configurations were used, the fibers created in the early compounding stages were relatively stable throughout extrusion. Morphological evolution after melting must therefore be discussed in terms of variation in the fiber fraction (i.e., fiber to droplet transition) rather than in a change in particle diameter. A control volume model for the flow in kneading blocks is used to interpret the morphological results and to predict the deformation and breakup of dispersed phase fibers under shear and in absence of coalescence. Theoretical results indicate that fiber breakup under shear is not likely in the kneading block under the normal processing conditions, which is confirmed by morphological observations made at the mixing section exit. The influence of several geometrical parameters on mixing and pumping in kneading blocks is also discussed with the use of flow model results.
SURFACE OSCILLATIONS AND JET DEVELOPMENT IN PULSATING BUBBLES

This paper describes a method for producing cyclic liquid jets in pulsating bubbles that have been acoustically trapped near a platform in a vibrating container. The ambient pressure above the liquid is reduced to near that of the vapor pressure of the liquid, and vapor-air bubbles driven near resonance size at 60 Hz develop large pulsations that can readily lead to jet development. Photographs are presented of various aspects of jet production as well as of some intriguing displays of bubble surface oscillations.
Insulinlike Activity of Nonpancreatic Tumors Associated with Hypoglycemia

Four non-islet-cell tumors associated with hypoglycemia have been extracted and assayed for insulinlike activity using rat hemidiaphragm. Extracts from 2 of them increased glucose uptake as well as glycogen deposition but did not contain insulin when assayed by an immunologic technique. The other 2 tumors, as well as a nonfunctioning islet cell tumor, had no such activity. When compared to the insulin content of functioning islet cell tumors, the activities in the 2 positive cases were quite low. Extraction of an islet cell carcinoma by both saline and acid alcohol indicated that much less activity is recovered by the former method. These results suggest that the hypoglycemia associated with some, but not all, tumors may be caused by the production of a substance with insulinlike activity.
Second harmonic plasma emission involving ion sound waves

The theory for second harmonic plasma emission by the weak turbulence (or random phase) processes L + L + or - S to T, proceeding in two three-wave steps, L + or - S to L prime and L + L prime to T, where L, S and T denote Langmuir, ion sound and electromagnetic waves, respectively, is developed. Kinematic constraints on the characteristics and growth lengths of waves participating in the wave processes, and constraints on the characteristics of the source plasma, are derived. Limits on the brightness temperature of the radiation and the levels of the L prime and S waves are determined. Expressions for the growth rates and path-integrated wave temperatures are derived for simple models of the wave spectra and source plasma.
Maternal care and development of stress responses in baboons.

The ability to mount a successful response to threats is critical for an organism's survival. A key element of the stress response is its nonspecificity toward the stress source, with similar endocrine and behavioral changes expected under a variety of stressors. In this project we utilized an experimental design that accounts for multiple sources of variation to further understand the nature of stress responsivity and its relationship to the early rearing environment. A sample of baboons (n=73) was observed during the early phase of life in their social group, and then tested as juveniles in a challenging situation. Maternal cortisol levels were measured during the peripartum period. The challenging situation (individuals were isolated for a few minutes in a single cage) was designed to be a moderate source of psychological stress. Patterns in individual differences during the stress test were “mapped” by means of multidimensional scaling (MDS). After the observation was made, the subject was sedated and a blood sample was taken to measure cortisol levels. Our results indicate that when juvenile baboons are confronted with a source of psychological stress, they show a multidimensional behavioral response, probably mediated by the activation and synergic interaction among different neurohormonal systems that, ultimately, act on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Different components of the multidimensional, or nonspecific, behavioral response are associated with the quality and quantity of interactions with their mothers during early life. Juveniles whose mothers displayed higher levels of positive interaction were characterized by vigilant but less active reactions to the stress test, whereas juveniles of mothers that displayed high levels of stress-related behaviors had higher cortisol and locomotion levels. Am. J. Primatol. 66:263–278, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Phonological typicality and sentence processing

In studies of language, it is widely accepted that the form of a word is independent of its meaning and syntactic category. Thus, the relationship between phonological form and grammatical class would not be expected to affect reading time. However, Farmer et al. have now shown that the phonological typicality of a noun or verb influences how rapidly it is read. This finding has implications for both sentence processing and the interpretation of fixation patterns in reading.
Effects of selected reaction conditions and structural variations on the distribution of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl groups on d-glucopyranosyl residues of 2-(diethylamino)-ethylated cellulose, starch, and the anomers of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-d-glucopyranoside

Abstract The reactivities of the hydroxyl groups in cellulose, starch, and the anomers of methyl 4,6- O -benzylidene- d -glucopyranoside with 2-(diethylamino)ethyl chloride have been investigated under identical conditions in ( a ) aqueous and ( b ) nonaqueous medium. For cotton cellulose, the relative distribution of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl groups on the 2-, 3-, and 6-hydroxyl groups in the mono- O -[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]- d -glucopyranose fraction of the hydrolyzate was found to be independent of the D.S. Cellulose treated with 2-(diethylamino)ethyl chloride in p -dioxane showed a higher ratio of substituents on the 2- and 3-hydroxyl groups, relative to the 6-hydroxyl group, than resulted when the reaction was conducted in an aqueous medium. Consideration of these results on the basis of the fraction of substituents in each of the three positions showed that the increase in substitution on the 2-hydroxyl group is accompanied by a decrease in substitution at the 6-hydroxyl group and little change in that at the 3-hydroxyl group. Starch follows a similar pattern, but the increase in substitution on the 2- and 3-hydroxyl groups, relative to the 6-hydroxyl group, is more pronounced than for cellulose under identical conditions. The fractions of substituents on the 2-hydroxyl groups increases as a result of reaction in p -dioxane. The increase in substitution at the 2-hydroxyl group is accompanied by a decrease in that at the 6-hydroxyl group, but here a substantial increase in substitution at the 3-hydroxyl group occurs. With regard to the change in fraction of substitution at the 3-hydroxyl group with change in the reaction medium, methyl 4,6- O -benzylidene-β- d -glucopyranoside behaves similarly to cellulose, and the α- d anomer behaves similarly to starch.
EFFECT OF MATURITY ON THE NUTRIENT CONTENT AND THE CANNING QUALITY OF EMERALD SOYBEAN

Nutrient content and the canning quality of a newly developed green-seeded soybean, Emerald, were evaluated at 86, 90, 95, 100 and 105 days after planting. Nutrient analyses involving moisture, protein, fat, fiber, minerals, ascorbic acid and carotenes indicated that Emerald soybeans were superior or equal to lima beans and green peas. Canned soybeans were evaluated by a sensory panel using a rank order method. Based on the data on sensory evaluation and nutrient content, the soybeans of 95-day maturity were found to be most desirable.
Measurement and Evaluation of Dynamic Joint Stability of the Knee and Ankle After Injury

Injuries to the lower extremity, specifically the knee and ankle joints of the human body can occur in any athletic event and are most prevalent in sports requiring cutting and jumping manoeuvres. These joints are forced to rely on the dynamic restraints to maintain joint stability, due to the lack of bony congruence and the inability of the static restraints to handle the forces generated during functional tasks. Numerous variables (proprioception, postural control, electromyography, kinetics/kinematics, dynamic stability protocols) have been measured to better understand how the body maintains joint stability during a wide range of activities from static standing to dynamic cutting or landing from a jump. While the importance of dynamic restraints is not questioned, a recent impetus to conduct more functional or sport-specific testing has emerged and placed a great deal of emphasis on dynamic joint stability and how it is affected by lower extremity injuries. Evidence suggests that surgery and aggressive rehabilitation will not necessarily restore the deficits in dynamic joint stability caused by injury to the anterior cruciate ligament or lateral ankle ligaments. In today's athletic society, there is a major push to return athletes to play as quickly as possible. However, the ramifications of those decisions have not been fully grasped. If an athlete is not fully recovered, a quick return to play could start a vicious cycle of chronic injuries or permanent disability.
“I’m not an alcoholic anymore”: Getting and staying sober without meetings

AbstractThis project studies desistance from substance abuse and 12-step meetings. In the early 1990s, The New Orleans Homeless Substance Abusers Project (NOHSAP) was created to uncover treatment strategies for homeless substance abusers. The program ran for 3 years with 670 homeless New Orleans individuals going through treatment. This project involved finding these individuals and re-interviewing them (19 years later). The methodology for this study consists of follow-up interviews with 32 individuals in a variety of settings including at their homes and in prisons. Individuals interviewed tended to be sober, but disaffiliated with 12-step meetings.
TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF ACINETOFERRIN

The total synthesis of a novel siderophore, acinetoferrin, is described. The key transformation involves the tandem oxidation and acylation of the N3-amino group of N1-BOC propane diamine prior to coupling with the external carboxyls of citric acid. A “one-pot−two-step” reaction converted a primary amine (RNH2) into a O-benzoyl hydroxamate (i.e., RN(OOCPh)COR‘) in good yield (68%). These studies demonstrated the utility of the O-benzoyl protecting group in the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated hydroxamic acids.
Dislocation-driven surface dynamics on solids

Dislocations1 are line defects that bound plastically deformed regions in crystalline solids. Dislocations terminating on the surface of materials can strongly influence nanostructural and interfacial stability, mechanical properties, chemical reactions, transport phenomena, and other surface processes. While most theoretical and experimental studies have focused on dislocation motion in bulk solids under applied stress2,3 and step formation due to dislocations at surfaces during crystal growth4,5,6,7, very little is known about the effects of dislocations on surface dynamics and morphological evolution. Here we investigate the near-equilibrium dynamics of surface-terminated dislocations using low-energy electron microscopy8. We observe, in real time, the thermally driven nucleation and shape-preserving growth of spiral steps rotating at constant temperature-dependent angular velocities around cores of dislocations terminating on the (111) surface of TiN in the absence of applied external stress or net mass change. We attribute this phenomenon to point-defect migration from the bulk to the surface along dislocation lines. Our results demonstrate that dislocation-mediated surface roughening can occur even in the absence of deposition or evaporation, and provide fundamental insights into mechanisms controlling nanostructural stability.
The polarization of a nanoparticle surrounded by a thick electric double layer

The polarization of a charged, dielectric, nanoparticle enveloped by a thick electric double layer and subjected to a uniform, alternating electric field is studied theoretically with the standard model (the Poisson-Nernst-Planck PNP equations). The dipole coefficient (f) is calculated as a function of the electric field's frequency and the double layer's thickness (lambda(D)). For a weakly charged particle with a small zeta potential zeta, an approximate, analytic expression for the dipole moment coefficient, accurate within O(zeta(2)), is derived. Two processes contribute to the dipole moment: the ion transport in the electric double layer under the action of the electric field and the particle's electrophoretic motion. As the thickness of the electric double layer increases so does the importance of the latter. In contrast to the case of the thin electric double layer, the particle with the thick double layer exhibits only high-frequency dispersion. The theoretical predictions are compared and favorably agree with experimental data, leading one to conclude that the standard, PNP based-model adequately represents the behavior of nanoparticles subject to electric fields.
A survey of geriatrics courses in north american chiropractic programs.

PURPOSE: There has been a growing interest in meeting the health care needs of the anticipated "age wave." In order to prepare for the current demographic trends, we sought to describe the status of geriatrics curricula in the 18 North American English-speaking chiropractic colleges by reviewing geriatric course syllabi. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using syllabi and catalog information solicited from each English-speaking chiropractic college in North America, collected from January 1, 2007 through June 30, 2007. Information was then summarized. RESULTS: As of June 30, 2007, roughly 78% of colleges submitted their current geriatrics course syllabi. The remaining 4 colleges were estimated using online course catalog information. Sixty-one percent of colleges offered a course that was solely dedicated to the topic of geriatrics. Additionally, 37.5% of syllabi indicating credit load offer 4 or more credits to the course containing the geriatrics component. Also, 31.3% of courses include non-classroom clinical experience, while 50% require an independent study project that provides further geriatrics experience. Furthermore, 41.2% of reported courses classify the teaching strategies as lecture only. CONCLUSIONS: These results warrant a proposal for improved curricula in this specialty population. It is proposed that more time be dedicated for this topic, more experiential learning be required, and more clinical focus be given on the needs of this population. A restructure of curricula will provide more clinical experiences for students to better equip future doctors of chiropractic for the increase in geriatric health care needs.
Splines and efficiency in dynamic programming

Abstract It is shown how one can use splines, represented in the B-spline basis, to reduce the difficulties of large storage requirements in dynamic programming via approximations to the minimum-return function without the inefficiency associated with using polynomials to the same end.
US health policy in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.

Filed, Terminated, and Pending for the 12-Month Period Ending September 30, 2004. 2004. Available at: http://www.uscourts.gov/judbus2004/appendices/g2a .pdf. Accessed August 29, 2005. 25. Vedantan S, Chea T. Drug firm plays defense in anthrax scare. Washington Post. October 20, 2001:A4. 26. Resnik DB, De Ville KA. Bioterrorism and patient rights: “compulsory licensure” and the case of Cipro. Am J Bioeth. 2002;2:29-45. 27. Dugger C. A catch-22 on drugs for the world’s poor. New York Times. November 16, 2001:W1. 28. Nader R, Love J. Letter from Ralph Nader and James Love to DHHS Secretary Tommy Thompson. October 18, 2001. Available at: http://www.cptech.org/ip /health/cl/cipro/nadethom10182001.html. Accessed August 29, 2005. 29. Public Health Emergency Medicines Act, HR 3235, 107th Cong (2001). 30. McGarey BM, Levey AC. Patents, products, and public health: an analysis of the CellPro march-in petition. Berkeley Tech Law J. 1999;14:1095-1116. 31. Guell RC. Haggling for a patent: what a government would have to pay for prescription drug patents. Health Econ. 1997;6:179-185. 32. Avorn J. Powerful Medicines: The Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf; 2004. 33. Mann T. Pfizer’s fingerprints on Fort Trumbull plan. The Day [New London, Conn]. October 16, 2005:A1.
Fast determination of polymer melt viscosity by optical falling needle viscometer

An optical falling needle rheometer was employed to measure the melt viscosity of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low molecular weight poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). The temperature dependence of the melt viscosity of these two polymers was obtained and described by an empirical Arrhenius relation. At the present time, this method has been confirmed to be a simple and fast (within several tens of seconds for each measurement) approach to determine polymer melt viscosities of up to at least 1×105 Pa s. The sample cell containing ∼ 2.5 cm3 materials can be vacuum sealed and disposed of without the need of subsequent cleaning each time, which could be a useful feature. In comparison with HDPE, the PTEF sample melt was found to show a much higher melt viscosity with about the same degree of polymerization. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ESR studies of stearic acid binding to bovine serum albumin.

Abstract The ESR spectra of a series of chain-labelled doxyl stearic acids (5-, 7-, 12- and 16-DSA) and doxyl methyl stearates (5-, 7-, 12- and 16-DMS) bound to the high-affinity binding sites of bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been analyzed using nonlinear least-squares fitting of slow-motional ESR simulation. The motional analysis reveals that the rotational diffusion of these stearates around the axis perpendicular to the long hydrocarbon chain is greatly hindered, suggesting that they are held tightly in a channel of the protein. Comparison of the isotropic hyperfine splitting, A0, among each series shows that 5- and 16-DSA and 16-DMS have larger A0 values than the other spin labels. In addition, labels at the 16-C position of both DSA and DMS exhibit significantly increased motion relative to the other positions. These observations suggest that the channel starts at 5-C of the chain and ends somewhere between 13-C and 15-C, leading to an estimate of 11 ± 1 A for the lenght of the channel. The methyl stearate lables exhibit significantly faster rotation around the chain axis than the analogous stearic acid labels, suggesting a double hydrogen-bonding mechanism for fatty acid binding to BSA. The ability of the acid to form two hydrogen bonds apparently fixes it more rigidly in the protein preventing rotation about either single hydrogen bond. A double-hydrogen bonding mechanism is most consistent with the formation of a salt bridge between the negatively charged carboxylate of the acid and either a positively charged guanidino group of arginine, or the positively charged ω-amino groups of two lysine residues. An ESR study of the pH dependence of DSA binding indicates that salt bridge formation with lysine is responsible for at least some of the long chain fatty acid binding sites of BSA.
The influence of forming surface on the vacuum pressure in hydroentangling process

Hydroentangling is a process that uses waterjet curtains issued from a series of parallel jet-heads (manifolds) for entangling and interloping fibres in a loose fibre web carried on a belt or perforated surface. The efficient removal of the stagnant water remaining from each waterjet curtain is crucial for the success of fibre entanglement when the web reaches the next jet-head. In this article, we discuss different methodologies that can be used to calculate the minimum vacuum pressure required for extracting the hydroentangling water from non-woven fabrics. A distinction has been made between hydroentangling on tightly and openly woven screens and different modelling strategies are recommended for each. In particular, it is demonstrated that a one-dimensional flow pattern coupled with available analytical permeability expressions can be used to predict the required vacuum pressure in the case of tightly woven screens. In the case of open woven screens where the flow pattern becomes three-dimensional, nu...
Adenosine triphosphatase activity of normal and regenerating rat liver

Abstract Adenosine triphosphatase activity has been found to be lower in regenerating liver than in normal liver. The content of enzyme diminishes gradually within 3 hours after operation, drops precipitously at about 18 hours, and remains below normal levels for as long as 23 days post-operatively. This enzyme is stimulated by Mg ++ and Ca ++ . It derives chiefly from elements sedimenting with the microsomal fraction and may have as one source of origin the plasma membranes of the bile canaliculi.
A canonical transformation method for the treatment of a strong coupling problem

The Jahn-Teller effect for strong coupling between a triply degenerate electronic state and a triply degenerate vibrational mode (T × t) has been treated using a unitary transformation method. With this method it was possible to diagonalize the major portion of the interaction and therefore possible to calculate approximate energy levels for moderate to strong coupling. For moderate coupling good agreement was found between our analytical calculation and the numerical calculations (available only for weak to moderate coupling).
State of theory and computer simulations of radiation effects in ceramics

This article presents opinions based on the presentations and discussions at a Workshop on Theory and Computer Simulations of Radiation Effects in Ceramics held in August 2002 at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA, USA. The workshop was focused on the current state-of-the-art of theory, modeling and simulation of radiation effects in oxide ceramics, directions for future breakthroughs, and creating a close integration with experiment.
Enhancing Clinical Islet Transplantation through Tissue Engineeering Strategies

Clinical islet transplantation (CIT), the infusion of allogeneic islets within the liver, has the potential to provide precise and sustainable control of blood glucose levels for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. The success and long-term outcomes of CIT, however, are limited by obstacles such as a nonoptimal transplantation site and severe inflammatory and immunological responses to the transplant. Tissue engineering strategies are poised to combat these challenges. In this review, emerging methods for engineering an optimal islet transplantation site, as well as novel approaches for improving islet cell encapsulation, are discussed.
Dynamic growth models for L. monocytogenes during ripening in Camembert cheese

Abstract Population density curves for L. monocytogenes in Camembert cheese were obtained during ripening. The pH, moisture content, and the specific growth rate values for survival and growth data for each trial were used to develop and verify three levels of accuracy Camembert cheese Dynamic Models (CDMs) (location, region, and section-specific dynamic growth models). The location-specific dynamic growth model provided the most detailed information and had highest accuracy for the prediction of L. monocytogenes during ripening of Camembert cheese. Experimental data had a good fit with calculated values for the three levels of CDMs: (1) for location-specific dynamic growth model, the R2 values for top center (TC), top surface (TS), center (C), bottom center (BC), and bottom surface (BS) regions were 0.92, 0.94, 0.91, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively. The standard error ranged from 0.19 to 0.24 log(CFU/g). (2) For region-specific dynamic growth model, the R2 values for two regions were 0.93 (TS and C) and 0.94 (TC, BC, and BS), respectively. The standard errors were 0.19 and 0.22 log(CFU/g), respectively. (3) For section-specific dynamic growth model, the R2 value was 0.93 with standard error of 0.27 log(CFU/g).
The effects of ingested alcohol on accommodation

To determine the effects of ingested alcohol on accommodation, seven males, aged 21–22 years, had their accommodation assessed under three alcohol dosage conditions (placebo, 0.8 ml/kg, and 1.3 ml/kg of 95% ethanol). For each of these conditions, following drinking, static accommodation to near and far targets (viewing distance = 30 cm and 6 m) and dark focus accommodation were measured every 15 min for 3 h in the placebo and medium-dosage conditions and for 6 h in the high-dosage condition. Results showed that dark, near-target, and far-target accommodation all increased with intoxication. Observations regarding the relationship between dark focus and alcohol-induced static accommodation changes were inconclusive, although there was some indication that this relationship increased at the highest intoxication levels. It was concluded that moderate amounts of ingested alcohol produce small, but significant, increases in accommodation.
Productivity Improvement through Quality Control Circles: A Comparative Approach

Japan's adoption (and adaption) of QC circles 10 years earlier than most of the rest of the world, and the role this has played in Japan's advancement as an industrialised nation, is examined. The growth of circles in Japan is charted, and a consideration is given of the implementation of QC circles in other Far Eastern countries, South America, Europe and the US. Training at various levels, to overcome the shortage of qualified people, is discussed. A comparison is made between QC circles and other more conventional motivational plans, and five main issues are analysed; a comparison is also made between Japanese and Western industry and their respective worker attitudes. The necessity for QC circles to become established in the US, and considered a fundamental human resource enhancement, rather than a foolish fad, is stated.
Masses from inhomogeneous partial difference equations

Procedures are described for obtaining mass predictions from the solutions of inhomogeneous partial difference equations. The inhomogeneous contributions result from the variation with nucleon number and neu.tron excess of the effective neutron-proton interaction. A simple liquid-drop-model expression has been used for these contributions to obtain the present predictions. The most general solutions of the difference equation have been subjected to a x2-minimization procedure (boundary condition) based on the new atomic mass adjustment of Wapstra and Bos. The resulting solution can be viewed as a many-parameter mass equation with about 220 parameters. About 5000 mass values have been calculated for nuclei with A 2 65. The standard deviation between calculated and experimental mass-excess values is (J, = 289 keV.
Alzheimer’s β‐amyloid peptide blocks vascular endothelial growth factor mediated signaling via direct interaction with VEGFR‐2

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 66–76. Abstract Beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ) are the major constituents of senile plaques and cerebrovascular deposits in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients. We have shown previously that soluble forms of Aβ are anti-angiogenic both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of the anti-angiogenic activity of Aβ peptides is unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of Aβ1–42 on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) signaling, which plays a key role in angiogenesis. Aβ inhibited VEGF-induced migration of endothelial cells, as well as VEGF-induced permeability of an in vitro model of the blood brain barrier. Consistently, exogenous VEGF dose-dependently antagonized the anti-angiogenic activity of Aβ in a capillary network assay. Aβ1–42 also blocked VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in two types of primary endothelial cells, suggesting an antagonistic action of Aβ toward VEGFR-2 signaling in cells. Moreover, Aβ was able to directly interact with the extracellular domain of VEGFR-2 and to compete with the binding of VEGF to its receptor in a cell-free assay. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that Aβ can bind VEGFR-2 both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our data suggest that Aβ acts as an antagonist of VEGFR-2 and provide a mechanism explaining the anti-angiogenic activity of Aβ peptides.
1025-96 Comparison of Monophasic and Biphasic Waveforms for External Defibrillation in an Animal Model of Cardiac Arrest and Recussitation

Several experiments have shown that, following short episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF). biphasic (8i) underdamped sinusoidal waveforms (Gurvich) defibrillate from the body surface with lower energies than do monophasic (M) overdamped sinusoidal waveforms (Edmark). There is some evidence that. as the duration of fibrillation increases. the defibrillation threshold (DFT) for M increases while the DFT for BI remains constant. We tested this hypothesis in an animal model of cardiac arrest using external defibrillation. Five 25 kg dogs were studied. At the beginning of each study. the short VF DFTs were determined for M and Bi after 10 sec of fibrillation in an interleaved fashion. A custom defibrillator (Physio-Control Corp) was used to deliver all shocks. An up-down protocol was used with 20% energy step sizes. Once these two DFTs were determined, the two long VF DFTs were determined. After 3 minutes of VF, the animal was cross circulated from the femoral vein to the femoral artery at a flow rate of 11/min, approximately 25% of cardiac output. After 2 min of cross circulation, defibrillation was attempted. M and Bi DFTs were determined in the same fashion as above. The first shock strength for the long VF DFT determination for each waveform was the DFT determined at the beginning of the study. Once defibrillated, the animal was resuscitated aggressively and allowed to recover for 45 min before the next VF episode. Shown are the mean ± s.d. in energyforthe two waveforms and situations tested. M DFT was 40% higher for long VF as compared to short VF (p l 0.051. Bi DFT was 10% higher for long VF as compared to short VF (p = NSI. For long and short VF combined, Bi DFT was 67% lower than M OFT (p l 0051 Short VF Long VF M 54 ± 19 J 80 ± 30 J Bi 38 ± 10 J 41 ± 5 J This model was designed to mimic the situation where a patient has developed VF and is unsupported for a period of time before basic life support is started and then a short time later, advanced life support is started. These results suggest that a biphasic waveform has increased efficacy over a monophasic waveform in situations approximated by this model.
Effect of heat treatment on the low-temperature thermal conductivities of vitreous silica and neutron-irradiated vitreous silica

Abstract Heat treating neutron-irradiated vitreous silica erases the effects of irradiation on the thermal conductivity at temperatures below 1 K. This indicates that the density of low-energy, localized excitations in vitreous silica is restored to its pre-irradiation value.
Why Aren't There More Scientists Advocating for Funding?

The funding outlook for biological sciences in the United States is bleak; success rates are in the single digits for some grant programs at NIH and NSF. Yet, when the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) recently sent out a policy alert to its 80,000 members urging
The wonder-rabbi of Kuzmir as a behaviour therapist

The wonder-rabbi of Kuzmir provided a troubled person with advice that was consonant with the Judaic tradition and also with behavioural therapy that led this person to overcorning his problems.
Structural Phase Transition in AuZn Alloys

AuxZn1-x alloys undergo a shape memory martensitic transformation whose temperature and nature (continuous or discontinuous) is strongly composition dependent. Neutron diffraction experiments were performed on single crystals of x=50 and 52 to explore the structural changes occurring at the transition temperature. A transverse modulation with wavevector q0=(1/3,1/3,0) develops below the transition temperature, with no observable change in lattice parameter. However, the Bragg peak width shows a broadening suggesting an unresolved rhombohedral distortion similar to what has been observed in NiTi-Fe alloys.
Preferential Brain Homing following Intranasal Administration of Trypanosoma cruzi

The Chagas' disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi commonly infects humans through skin abrasions or mucosa from reduviid bug excreta. Yet most studies on animal models start with subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections, a distant approximation of the skin abrasion route. We show here that atraumatic placement of T. cruzi in the mouse nasal cavity produced low parasitemia, high survival rates, and preferential brain invasion compared to the case with subcutaneously injected parasites. Brain invasion was particularly prominent in the basal ganglia, peaked at a time when parasitemia was no longer detectable, and elicited a relatively large number of inflammatory foci. Yet, based on motor behavioral parameters and staining with Fluoro-Jade C, a dye that specifically recognizes apoptotic and necrotic neurons, brain invasion did not cause neurodegenerative events, in contrast to the neurodegeneration in the enteric nervous system. The results indicate that placement of T. cruzi on the mucosa in the mouse nasal cavity establishes a systemic infection with a robust yet harmless infection of the brain, seemingly analogous to disease progression in humans. The model may facilitate studies designed to understand mechanisms underlying T. cruzi infection of the central nervous system.
Exploring causal networks underlying fat deposition and muscularity in pigs through the integration of phenotypic, genotypic and transcriptomic data

Joint modeling and analysis of phenotypic, genotypic and transcriptomic data have the potential to uncover the genetic control of gene activity and phenotypic variation, as well as shed light on the manner and extent of connectedness among these variables. Current studies mainly report associations, i.e. undirected connections among variables without causal interpretation. Knowledge regarding causal relationships among genes and phenotypes can be used to predict the behavior of complex systems, as well as to optimize management practices and selection strategies. Here, we performed a multistep procedure for inferring causal networks underlying carcass fat deposition and muscularity in pigs using multi-omics data obtained from an F2 Duroc x Pietrain resource pig population. We initially explored marginal associations between genotypes and phenotypic and expression traits through whole-genome scans, and then, in genomic regions with multiple significant hits, we assessed gene-phenotype network reconstruction using causal structural learning algorithms. One genomic region on SSC6 showed significant associations with three relevant phenotypes, off-midline10th-rib backfat thickness, loin muscle weight, and average intramuscular fat percentage, and also with the expression of seven genes, including ZNF24, SSX2IP, and AKR7A2. The inferred network indicated that the genotype affects the three phenotypes mainly through the expression of several genes. Among the phenotypes, fat deposition traits negatively affected loin muscle weight. Our findings shed light on the antagonist relationship between carcass fat deposition and lean meat content in pigs. In addition, the procedure described in this study has the potential to unravel gene-phenotype networks underlying complex phenotypes.
Effect of Early Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Environmental Changes on Cholinesterase Activity of Brain and Adrenal Glands of Rats

The effect of nutritional-environmental interaction on cholinesterase (ChE) activity of brain and adrenal glands of rats was in vestigated. Malnutrition was induced by feeding a low protein purified diet to lactating dams thus reducing milk supply for suckling pups, and after weaning at 3 weeks of age a low protein diet was fed for an additional 4 weeks followed by a high protein diet for rehabilitation. This optimal diet was fed to controls throughout the study. Three levels of environmental manipulation, normal, isolated and enriched, were provided to each of the dietary groups during the first 7 weeks of life after which normal conditions of both diet and environment were followed until the study was terminated at 20 weeks of age. Consistent with previous findings, early protein-energy malnutrition resulted in long-lasting elevation of brain ChE activity. In control-fed rats, environmental isolation resulted in increases in ChE specific activity, whereas, in early malnourished rats, isolation led to lowered ChE activity. Environmental enrichment did not affect ChE in control-fed rats and as a result, ChE specific activity of enriched animals was lower than was found in isolated animals. Adrenal ChE activity was increased in pre viously malnourished rats. No further increase was noted due to environ mental manipulation, but in control-fed rats both enriched and isolated animals had elevated adrenal ChE activity. J. Nutr. 106: 342-349, 1976.
Evaluation and alleviation of SOI impacts on SRAM functionality and yield

Super fast Monte-Carlo techniques are applied to allow deeper insight to the yield of SOI domino circuit design techniques for SRAMs. For the first time, Read-before-Write in dual supply domino bit-select design is analyzed in the presence of floating body effects, hysteretic and process variations. The methodology provides greater ability to alleviate non-functionality by identifying yield-optimized operating ranges.