cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal DER allocation in meshed microgrids with grid constraints

Abstract We develop a new approach to model the linearized power flow in distributed energy resources (DER) allocation and dispatch optimization. The model uses the Decoupled Linearized Power Flow (DLPF) (Yang et al., 2016) approach. DLPF has the advantage of being suitable for meshed networks, while the majority of current models use LinDistFlow, which is only suitable for radial networks. First, we provide a validation of the DLPF voltage magnitude and branch power (in kVA) solutions compared to LinDistFlow and the true AC power flow (ACPF) solution for a meshed benchmark network, a 33-node system. We then formulate the DER allocation and dispatch problem as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) and use DLPF and LinDistFlow to model constraints on the electric power network infrastructure, which limits voltages to ANSI C84 standard limits. The model further uses polygon relaxations to limit kVA flows at the branches to their allowed thermal limit. We demonstrate the DLPF based DER allocation and dispatch model using a 115-node meshed circuit. Results indicate that the DLPF formulation is effective in capturing undervoltages and overvoltages in the meshed network, leading to optimal siting and sizing of photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage capacities. The DLPF model is then compared with a MILP that uses the LinDistFlow formulation, highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate power flow linearization method.
A Wide Input Voltage Range LLC Converter with Multi-mode Operations

In this paper, a novel LLC resonant converter with multi-mode operation rectifiers is proposed to regulate the wide low voltage range photovoltaic panel and to connect the panel to the high voltage DC bus. The proposed converter can operate in three modes of operation: as a voltage-doubler rectifier (VDR), as a voltage-tripler rectifier (VTR), and as a voltage fifthfolder rectifier (VFR). Therefore, the proposed converter covers a wide voltage range by automatically changing the rectifier structure. The three operation modes keep the switching frequency range close to the resonant frequency resulting in increased performance efficiency. The benefits of this topology include improved efficiency and a narrow switching frequency range. Moreover, zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and zero-current-switching (ZCS) are achieved in all power MOSFETs and power diodes. A 250 W LLC resonant converter for wide input voltage was designed and simulated to verify the theoretical analysis and the circuit functionality.
Navigating re-entry with older adults using ecosystems perspective and the eco-map

Currently, the population of older adults is growing at a rapid rate. The number of older adults in America is similarly represented in the justice system with the number of older adults aged 56 an...
Schweizer Malerei und Zeichnung im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert

(1943). Schweizer Malerei und Zeichnung im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert. The Art Bulletin: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 284-287.
Interplay between carbohydrate and lipid in recognition of glycolipid antigens by natural killer T cells

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a T cell subpopulation that were named originally based on co-expression of receptors found on natural killer (NK) cells, cells of the innate immune system, and by T lymphocytes. The maturation and activation of NKT cells requires presentation of glycolipid antigens by CD1d, a cell surface protein distantly related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded antigen presenting molecules. This specificity distinguishes NKT cells from most CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which recognize peptides presented by MHC class I and class II molecules. The rapid secretion of a large amount of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines by activated NKT cells endows them with the ability to play a vital role in the host immune defense against various microbial infections. In this review, we summarize progress on identifying the sources of microbe-derived glycolipid antigens recognized by NKT cells and the biochemical basis for their recognition.
Work in progress - development of an innovative curriculum for undergraduate electrical and computer engineering students

This work reports on an ongoing NSF-funded effort to develop plans for a new Electrical and Computer Engineering curriculum with an embedded systems focus. The program specifically addresses the needs of the automotive and related industries. Project goals include the development of a comprehensive roadmap that comprises course offerings, topical content, the necessary technology and software acquisitions, and a time-bound plan for phasing in the new curriculum. An initial concept statement and framework for the curriculum, developed on the basis of an assessment of similar efforts at other universities as well as consultations with an advisory panel, will be presented at the conference.
The Information Seeking Strategies of High School Science Students.

This study focused on the use of the Artemis web-based interface http://artemis.goknow.com/artemis/index.adp). This program provides a digital library for students to search, organise, and evaluation science information related to project-based investigations. The primary feature of the Artemis interface is a focused search tool. Key scaffolding features in Artemis include the collections of web sites, driving question folders, a persistent workspace for notes, cataloging of past search results, and the viewing of sites shared by other students. The primary goal of this study was to describe high school science students' use of the scaffolding features embedded in the Artemis interface. The researchers were interested in identifying the scaffolding features students use and describing how they use them in the context of finding science information related to investigations. In addition, to look at scaffolding interaction, relationships between feature use and student learning were examined. The context of this study was a four-week science investigation conducted by 43 high school biology students. Students worked in dyads to answer driving questions related to their topics of study (e.g., What do the conditions need to be in order for green algae to survive?). It was found that students relied heavily upon Organisational Feature scaffolds (persistent workspace) to help them organise information that was ultimately used by the students to produce domain specific artifacts. In addition, students spent much of their time conducting searches and saving results. However, classroom performance success was only significantly correlated with the use of Organizational Feature scaffolds – scaffolding features that students use to create driving questions, write notes about the information they found as a result of their searches, and keep track of their investigations. No other search tool used by the students possessed this important scaffolding feature. The students did not automatically use Collaborative Features – scaffolding features hypothesised to be powerful cognitive tools.
Prostate boundary detection in transrectal ultrasound images

The paper aims to improve a prostate boundary detection system by modifying a set of preprocessing algorithms, including tree-structured nonlinear filter (TSF), directional wavelet transforms (DWT) and tree-structured wavelet transform (TSWT). A new advanced automatic edge delineation model for the detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images is presented. The model consists of a preprocessing module and a segmentation module. The preprocessing module is implemented for noise suppression, image smoothing and boundary enhancement. The active contours model is used in the segmentation module for prostate boundary detection in two-dimensional (2D) TRUS images. Experimental results show that the preprocessing module improves the accuracy and sensitivity of the segmentation module greatly when the segmented images with and without preprocessing are compared. It is believed that the proposed automatic boundary detection module for the TRUS images is a promising approach, which provides an efficient and robust detection and diagnosis strategy and acts as a "second opinion" for the physician's interpretation of prostate cancer.
Regional Blue and Green Water Balances and Use by Selected Crops in the U.S.

The availability of fresh water is a prerequisite for municipal development and agricultural production especially in the arid and semi-arid portions of the western U.S. Agriculture is the leading user of water in the U.S. Agricultural water use can be partitioned into green (derived from rainfall) and blue water (irrigation). Blue water can be further subdivided by source. In this research we develop a hydrologic balance by 8-Digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC8) using a combination of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) simulations and available human water use estimates. These data are used partition agricultural groundwater usage blue water by sustainability and surface water usage by local source or importation. These predictions coupled with reported agricultural yield data are used to predict the virtual water contained in each ton of corn, wheat, sorghum, and soybeans produced and its source. We estimate that these four crops consume 480 km3 of green water annually and 23 km3 of blue water, 12 km3 of which is from groundwater depletion. Regional trends in blue water use from groundwater depletion highlight heavy usage in the High Plains, and small pockets throughout the Western U.S. This information is presented to inform water resources debate by estimating the cost of agricultural production in terms of water regionally. This research illustrates the variable water content of the crops we consume and export, and the source of that water.
⁎3348 Cervical esophageal perforation during endoscopic ultrasonography (eus) - results of a national mail survey.

Introduction: EUS is considered as safe as EGD. However, the longer, rigid tip of the EUS endoscopes raises concern about cervical esophageal perforation during intubation. Our aim was to determine the rate of this complication with EUS. Methods: Members of the American Endosonography Club were surveyed to determine the number of EUS examination performed and the number of cervical esophageal perforations encountered during intubation from their earliest experience till June 99. Specific details about patients with cervical esophageal perforation were elicited. Each questionnaire was coded to avoid duplicate reporting from the same institution. Results: Questionnaires were mailed to 203 members. Eightysix (42.4%) responded. Cervical esophageal perforation occurred in 16 out of 43,852 reported upper EUS procedures. Thus, the reported frequency of cervical esophageal perforation with EUS intubation was 0.03%. Fifteen (94%) patients were more than 65 years of age. History of difficult intubation with prior endoscopic procedures was present in 7 (44%) patients. Three patients had large cervical osteophytes which were thought to be contributory. A radial scanning echoendoscope was used in majority of cases (94%). In 9 (56%) patients, the procedure was done by an endosonographer with less than 1 year of experience. Two patients needed surgical management. One patient died as a result of the perforation and the other 13 (81%) patients were managed successfully with medical management with or without percutaneous drainage. Conclusions: The incidence of cervical perforation during upper EUS seems to be higher than EGD. Advanced patient age, difficult intubation during prior endoscopic examination, operator inexperience and presence of large cervical osteophytes may contribute to cervical perforation during upper EUS examination.
Holography of human pathologic specimens with continuous-beam lasers through plastination

Since evaporation of cellular water leads to shrinkage and motion, holography of human tissue specimens is generally possible only with pulsed lasers. Plastination is a preservation technique in which cellular water is removed and replaced with a curable polymer. This preserves the tissue, including even the cellular anatomy, and renders the specimen rigid enough for holography with continuous beam lasers.
The energetics of flocculation and redispersion by polymers

Abstract The theory of polymer flocculation and of the filtration of colloidal dispersions flocculated by polymers has been extended to a molecular level. Maximum flocculation occurs at half surface coverage of the solid by adsorbed polymer. A Langmuir type isotherm describes the process of adsorption of individual polymer segments with surface sites. An energy profile is presented for the system of colloidal solid and polymer solution as the system undergoes change from dispersed to flocculated to redispersed.
Neonatal agonism of ERα masculinizes serotonergic (5-HT) projections to the female rat ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) but does not impair lordosis

Serotonin (5-HT) is known to play a role in the suppression of the lordosis response in males. We have previously shown that there is a sex difference in the density of 5-HT immunoreactive (5-HT-ir) fibers in the ventrolateral division of the adult ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMNvl) and that neonatal administration of estradiol (E2) increases 5-HT-ir in the female VMNvl to male-typical levels. Here we demonstrate that postnatal administration of the ERα agonist 1,3,5-tris(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT), but not the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN), also masculinizes 5-HT-ir in the female VMNvl, suggesting a mechanistic role for ERα in this process. Sexual receptivity, as ascertained by the lordosis quotient, was unaffected by either PPT or DPN treatment but nearly abolished by estradiol benzoate (EB), a synthetic estrogen with high affinity for both ERα and ERβ. Collectively, these observations show that postnatal estrogens increase the density of 5-HT projections to the VMNvl via an ERα dependent mechanism, but that this increased inhibitory input is not sufficient to suppress the lordosis response.
Treatment of night wakings in early childhood: maintenance of effects.

About 80% of 100 parents, who received a brief behavioral intervention, indicated after 6 mo. complete or marked reduction in children's sleep disruptions.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films on GaN/Sapphire, Ru/Sapphire and Ru/GaN/Sapphire Substrates

Lead zirconate titanate or Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 thin films were deposited on GaN, Ru/Sapphire and Ru/GaN/Sapphire substrates by the sol-gel technique. The Ru films, with a (002) preferred orientation, were deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on Sapphire (0001) and GaN/Sapphire substrates. The properties of PZT on Ru films, rapid thermal annealed under different conditions, are investigated. The P-E hysteresis curves and C-V data for PZT films on Ru/GaN and Ru/Sapphire substrates were measured as a function of voltage and frequency. The Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor (MFS or Pt/PZT/GaN) structures, prepared by depositing PZT thin films on n-type (Si doping ∼1×1018 cm−3) and (0001)-GaN/Sapphire, were characterized for their dielectric properties. The PZT films on as-deposited Ru, as opposed to annealed Ru, exhibit improved properties; remnant polarization of 37 μC/cm2, dielectric permittivity of 425 at 100 KHz, and leakage current density ∼1×10−7 A/cm2 at 1.5 V.
Poly-p-phenylene phosphine/polyaniline alternating copolymers : Electronic delocalization through phosphorus

Phosphorus-containing poly(N-arylaniline)s and related polymer model compounds have been prepared. The spectroscopic and electronic properties of the materials were investigated via UV−vis−NIR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. PPPP−PANI copolymers containing p-phenylene diamine units in the polymer backbone have electronic and spectroscopic properties characteristic of aromatic substituted p-phenylene diamines. Copolymers containing −(−C6H4−P−C6H4−P−C6H4−)− linkages between nitrogen centers show evidence for weak electronic delocalization along the polymer chain. The electrochemical and spectroscopic properties support strong electronic delocalization in copolymers containing −(−P−C6H4−N−C6H4−)− repeat units. The presence of a single diphenylphosphine bridge between nitrogen centers provides an efficient mode of electronic delocalization between nitrogen centers. PPPP oxide−PANI copolymers and related polymer model compounds were also prepared and investigated. The resemblance of PPPP oxide−PANI copoly...
1995 William J. Stickel Silver Award. Structural analysis of absorbable pin and screw fixation in first metatarsal osteotomies

The structural characteristics of 4.0-mm stainless steel screws compared with 4.0-mm poly-L-lactic acid absorbable screws and 2.0-mm stainless steel Steinmann pins compared with 2.0-mm poly-L-lactic acid absorbable pins in oblique closing base wedge osteotomies of the first metatarsal were evaluated. The authors performed oblique closing base wedge using an osteotomy guide in six matched pairs of fresh frozen first metatarsal bones. Fixation was achieved with either a 4.0-mm stainless steel screw or poly-L-lactic acid absorbable screw. An additional five pairs of matched specimens were used to compare 2.0-mm stainless steel and poly-L-lactic acid absorbable pins with the same approach. Specimens were loaded to failure with the Bionix Material Testing System at a constant rate of 0.166 mm/sec. A Student's t-test for paired samples was used with a 95% confidence interval to measure differences in ultimate load, ultimate displacement, and structural stiffness. There was not a significant difference in any of the parameters evaluated in the 4.0-mm poly-L-lactic acid absorbable versus stainless steel screw comparison (P > 0.05). Stainless steel 2.0-mm pins had significantly greater structural stiffness (P = 0.032) and less ultimate displacement (P = 0.021) than their poly-L-lactic acid absorbable counterparts. There was not a significant difference in ultimate load in poly-L-lactic acid absorbable and stainless steel pins (P = 0.59).
Targeting Human MicroRNA Genes Using Engineered Tal-Effector Nucleases (TALENs)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have quickly emerged as important regulators of mammalian physiology owing to their precise control over the expression of critical protein coding genes. Despite significant progress in our understanding of how miRNAs function in mice, there remains a fundamental need to be able to target and edit miRNA genes in the human genome. Here, we report a novel approach to disrupting human miRNA genes ex vivo using engineered TAL-effector (TALE) proteins to function as nucleases (TALENs) that specifically target and disrupt human miRNA genes. We demonstrate that functional TALEN pairs can be designed to enable disruption of miRNA seed regions, or removal of entire hairpin sequences, and use this approach to successfully target several physiologically relevant human miRNAs including miR-155*, miR-155, miR-146a and miR-125b. This technology will allow for a substantially improved capacity to study the regulation and function of miRNAs in human cells, and could be developed into a strategic means by which miRNAs can be targeted therapeutically during human disease.
n-closure systems and n-closure operators

It is very well known and permeating the whole of mathematics that a closure operator on a given set gives rise to a closure system, whose constituent sets form a complete lattice under inclusion, and vice-versa. Recent work of Wille on triadic concept analysis and subsequent work by the author on polyadic concept analysis led to the introduction of complete trilattices and complete n-lattices, respectively, that generalize complete lattices and capture the order-theoretic structure of the collection of concepts associated with polyadic formal contexts. In the present paper, polyadic closure operators and polyadic closure systems are introduced and they are shown to be in a relationship similar to the one that exists between ordinary (dyadic) closure operators and ordinary (dyadic) closure systems. Finally, the algebraic case is given some special consideration.
NEW SET OF $pi$--$pi$ PHASE SHIFTS.

A set of $s$-wave phase shifts in the region of the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is deduced from a compilation of data on $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ scattering. Our results indicate slowly varying $I=2$ and $I=0$ $s$-wave phase shifts. The preferred set indicates that the $I=0$ phase shift might go through 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the neighborhood of 850-950 MeV.
Structure in the Stokes output of the InSb spin-flip Raman laser

Abstract Stokes output and threshold pump intensity of the InSb spin-flip Raman laser have been measured as a function of magnetic for various pump wavelenghts and crystal orientations. The observed structure is shown to arise from intraband absorptions of the pump and Stokes radiation and not from electron spin-phonon interactions.
Murder by structure: Dominance relations and the social structure of gang homicide.

Most sociological theories consider murder an outcome of the differential distribution of individual, neighborhood, or social characteristics. And while such studies explain variation in aggregate homicide rates, they do not explain the social order of murder, that is, who kills whom, when, where, and for what reason. This article argues that gang murder is best understood not by searching for its individual determinants but by examining the social networks of action and reaction that create it. In short, the social structure of gang murder is defined by the manner in which social networks are constructed and by people's placement in them. The author uses a network approach and incident-level homicide records to recreate and analyze the structure of gang murders in Chicago. Findings demonstrate that individual murders between gangs create an institutionalized network of group conflict, net of any individual's participation or motive. Within this network, murders spread through an epidemic-like process of social contagion as gangs evaluate the highly visible actions of others in their local networks and negotiate dominance considerations that arise during violent incidents.
Speciation of Listeria via pyrolysis/gas chromatography

Abstract Listeriosis is a serious food-borne illness. Traditional biochemical methodology requires 5–7 days to confirm the presence of Listeria monocytogenes , the causative agent. Pyrolysis/gas chromatography offers a rapid analytical technique, which generates a prodigious amount of data. Numerous studies characterizing bacteria by pyrolysis have been performed in various laboratories to date. Historically, many of these studies have targeted specific biochemical compounds or processes for subsequent research. The current study has taken a different approach. In this research, the pattern generated by the pyrolysis of various Listeria species ( L. innocua , L. ivanovii , L. monocytogenes , and L. seeligeri ) is analyzed without regard to the biochemical basis for this pattern. The goal is to speciate these organisms by computational analyses of the pyrolysis pattern. Eighteen pyrolyzates of L. innocua , 10 pyrolyzates of L. ivanovii , 10 pyrolyzates of L. monocytogenes , and 32 pyrolyzates of L. seeligeri were chromatographed on a 30 m DB-5 column, using flame ionization detection (FID). Fifteen pyrolyzates of L. innocua , L. monocytogenes , L. seeligeri , each and 16 pyrolyzates of L. ivanovii were chromatographed on a 30 m DB-17 column with FID. The resulting signal data were processed and then converted via a Daubechies 8 wavelet transform into a data set of significantly smaller size. These data sets were presented as input to an optimized artificial neural network (ANN) functioning as a pattern recognition tool. The ANN (a probabilistic neural network) achieved correct identifications for over 97% of the organisms chromatographed on the DB-5 column. While a similar ANN correctly identified the organisms chromatographed on the DB-17 column at a rate of over 80%.
Renal homotransplantation in children

Twenty-three children, aged 2 to 17 years, received 24 renal homotransplants from both live related donors and cadaver donors. Twenty-two children and 19 kidneys are surviving 1 to 32 months after transplantation. The clinical course of renal transplantation in children is described.
Adult emotionality and neural plasticity as a function of adolescent nutrient supplementation in male rats

The present study explored the effects of supplementing male rats with either choline, omega-3 fatty acids, or phytoestrogens, from weaning into early adulthood, on emotionality and hippocampal plasticity. Because of the neuroprotective properties of these nutrients, we hypothesized that they would positively affect both behavior and hippocampal function when compared to non-supplemented control rats. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to one of four nutrient conditions after weaning: 1) control (normal rat chow); 2) choline (supplemented in drinking water); 3) omega 3 fatty acids (daily oral supplements); or 4) phytoestrogens (supplemented in chow). After 4weeks on their respective diets, a subset of rats began 3weeks of behavioral testing, while the remaining behaviorally naive rats were sacrificed after 6weeks on the diets to assess numbers of adult-born hippocampal neurons using the immature neuron marker, doublecortin. The results revealed that choline supplementation affected emotional functioning; compared to rats in other diet conditions, rats in this group were less anxious in an open field and after exposure to predator odor and showed less behavioral despair after forced swimming. Similar behavioral findings were evident following supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and phytoestrogen supplementation, though not on all tests and not to the same magnitude. Histological findings followed a pattern consistent with the behavioral findings: choline supplementation, followed by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, but not phytoestrogen supplementation, significantly increased the numbers of new-born hippocampal neurons. Choline and omega-3 fatty acids have similar biological functions-affecting cell membranes, growth factor levels, and epigenetically altering gene transcription. Thus, the present findings suggest that targeting nutrients with these effects may be a viable strategy to combat adult psychopathologies.
Dietary Supplementation of a Purified Nucleotide Mixture Transiently Enhanced Growth and Feed Utilization of Juvenile Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

.— Commercial nucleotide products have been shown to enhance early growth as well as immunity and disease resistance in aquacultured fish. Thus, we investigated effects of a purified nucleotide mixture on growth and health of young red drum. The nucleotide premix, containing salts of cytidine, uridine, adenosine, and guanidine, was coated with binders, freeze-dried, and grounded to powder. A fish-meal-based diet was supplemented with 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3% by weight of the coated nucleotide mixture or with 0.2% Optimun® (Chemoforma Co., Basel, Switzerland), a commercial nucleotide product. The experimental diets were maintained isonitrogenous and isocaloric by adjusting amounts of casein, gelatin, and alanine. Five replicate groups of 12 juvenile red drum (10.2 ± 0.2 g/fish, mean ± SD) were fed each experimental diet for 4 wk, followed by an assay of neutrophil oxidative radical production and a bacterial challenge via intraperitoneal injection of Vibrio harveyi at 2.9 × 107 colony-forming units/g fish. Fish fed all diets supplemented with various levels of purified nucleotides showed significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced weight gain and feed efficiency during the first week of feeding compared to fish fed the basal diet. However, the dietary effects became less significant during the following 3 wk of feeding. The transient growth-enhancing effect of dietary nucleotides observed in the present study may explain the conventional controversy about nucleotide effects on fish growth. Dietary supplementation with nucleotides had no influence on terminal whole-body composition.
Glycerol 3-phosphate analogues as metabolic inhibitors in Escherichia coli, 3-hydroxy-4-oxobutyl-1-phosphonate, a drug that interferes with normal phosphoglyceride metabolism.

Abstract 3-Hydroxy-4-oxobutyl-1-phosphonate, the phosphonic acid analogue of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, enters Escherichia coli via the glycerol 3-phosphate transport system. There is no differential effect upon the accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or phosphoglycerides, although the accumulation of proteins was less effected. Examination of the phospholipids revealed that phosphatidylglycerol accumulation was most severely inhibited and cardiolipin accumulation was least affected. Concentrations of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and its phosphonic acid analogue that markedly inhibit macromolecular and phosphoglyceride biosynthesis have no effect upon the intracellular nucleoside triphosphate pool size. The phosphonate is a competitive inhibitor of sn -glycerol 3-phosphate in reactions catalyzed by acyl coenzyme A: sn -glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and CDP-diacylglycerol: sn -glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatidyltransferase. A K m mutant for the former enzyme was susceptible to the phosphonate. The phosphonate did not affect acyl coenzyme A:lysophosphatidate acyltransferase activity. Studies with mutant strains ruled out the aerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate synthase, and fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase as the primary sites of action.
Transcription of Epstein–Barr Virus Latent Cycle Genes in Oral Hairy Leukoplakia

Abstract The hairy leukoplakia lesion (HLP) is a unique example of a permissive infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the tongue epithelium. HLP contains abundant replicating viral DNA and may be coinfected with multiple EBV strains. In this study, characterization of viral gene transcription within HLP biopsy specimens revealed that several genes, usually expressed in latently infected lymphocytes, are also transcribed in the HLP lesion. The Bam HI W and C promoters, (Wp and Cp) are consistently active in the HLP lesion, resulting in transcription and processing of mRNAs that encode the Epstein–Barr nuclear antigens (EBNAs) EBNA-LP, EBNA1, EBNA2, EBNA3B, and EBNA3C. The EBNA2 protein has been shown to activate expression of the EBV receptor, CD21. In HLP, CD21 transcription is also detected, usually in samples that contain transcripts for EBNA2. Transcripts encoding the LMP1 gene, the LMP2 gene, and rightward transcripts from the Bam HI A fragment of the EBV genome are also detected in HLP. These gene products are invariably expressed in latently infected lymphocytes. This pattern of transcription suggests that genes characteristic of latent infection are also expressed in HLP. The activation of Wp and expression of EBNA2 and CD21 may contribute to the unique ability of the HLP lesion to permit superinfection and viral replication of multiple EBV strains.
The physical examination in acute cardiac ischemic syndromes

Abstract The physical examination in acute cardiac ischemia remains a valuable tool when done with skill. Ischemia without infarction alters cardiac function, and the physical examination yields findings that reflect these changes. Ischenda with infarction alters structure and function, resulting in physical findings that are usually more dramatic and of longer duration, sometimes permanent. Carefully done, the physical examination provides information that helps in management of the immediate course, predicts prognosis, and allows for better interpretation of cardiovascular tests, both invasive and noninvasive.
DEMETHYLATION OF PURINE ANALOGS BY MICROSOMAL ENZYMES FROM MOUSE LIVER.

Abstract Purines and purine analogs with methylthiol, methylamino, methoxy, ring-carbon-methyl, and ring-nitrogen-methyl substituents have been tested for their ability to serve as substrates for the microsomal demethylases of mouse liver. Ring-methylated 6-thiopurines appeared to be stable, whereas other ring-methylated purine derivatives and most of the methylthiol and methylamino derivatives were demethylated. A microsomal plus soluble fraction of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was unable to demethylate any of the compounds tested
Secondary ferroics and domain-divided piezoelectrics

Abstract Ferroic crystals contain domain states which can be switched by suitably chosen external forces. The domains in a primary ferroic differ in spontaneous polarization (ferroelectricity) spontaneous magnetization (ferromagnetism), or spontaneous strain (ferroelasticity), while those in a secondary ferroic differ in induced strain, induced magnetization, or induced polarization. Examples of ferrobielastics, ferroelastoelectrics and other secondary ferroics are discussed, together with their applications as multi-domain piezoelectric resonators. Twinning is often considered a nuisance, but it can be used to enhance certain modes of motion, or to eliminate others, by making use of differences in the piezoelectric coefficients. Multi-domain crystals and ceramics can also be used to produce “forbidden” harmonics, or as high-frequency resonators, and as focused acoustic transducers.
Interferometric differential strain sensor: the smart strut

A fiber optic sensor is used to selectively detect a particular vibration mode of a cylindrical rod (strut) made from castable epoxy. Two optical fibers, comprising the legs of a Michelson interferometer, are cast into a long rod (1.33 cm diameter, 35.1 cm length) at a radial distance of 5.3 mm. The free-free rod is then electrodynamically driven to excite the lowest flexural, torsional, and longitudinal modes of vibration. As expected due to the placement of the fibers, the fundamental flexural mode was easily detected and the torsional and longitudinal modes were highly suppressed since the latter modes produced common mode signals in each interferometer leg. At the fundamental flexural resonance of the rod, (158.5 Hz), the correlation between measured transverse peak displacement (14.6 microns) and the measured number of strain induced optical fringes (14.5 at a wavelength of 817 nm) was in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Evaluating the Use of an Audience Response Technology System to Collect Research Data among African American Elders

Older African Americans are at greater risk of dying from cancer compared to other groups. More research is needed to understand and eliminate these disparities. However, survey data is usually collected using an individual pen / paper approach and surveys are often read to participants individually. This study compared the amount of missing data, time needed to complete the survey, and experiences of using an Audience Response Technology System (n = 50) and those completing surveys using a pen / paper method (n = 30) among an African American population. Findings suggest that it is possible to collect data from larger numbers of people in a shorter amount of time using the ARTS, to eliminate data entry errors by direct transfer of electronic data to the data base, and to engage older African Americans to use computer technology. A major problem identified was the increased amount of missing data among participants using the ARTS compared to the traditional pen / paper group. Strategies such as smaller group sizes and more sample questions may decrease the amount of missing data. More research is needed to support the benefits of this innovative use of this technology to collect survey data among older African Americans.
Patterns for access control in distributed systems

Distributed systems introduce a new variety of security threats. The organizations that own those systems must protect their information assets from attacks. To do this we need to start with high-level models that represent the security policies of the institution. We present patterns that derive from traditional models: first, the Policy-Based Access Control which models how to decide if a subject is authorized to access an object according to policies defined in a central policy repository. Then we present implementation-oriented patterns that implement the Access Matrix or RBAC model: The ACL pattern allows control access to objects by indicating which subjects can access an object and in what way. There is usually an ACL associated with each object. The Capability pattern allows control access to objects by providing a credential or ticket to be given to a subject for accessing an object in a specific way. Capabilities are given to the principal.
Commutative Rings Whose Simple Proper Overrings are Noetherian

Abstract This paper contributes to the classification of commutative rings having an abundance of Noetherian overrings. Gilmer and Mott have characterized the domains whose proper overrings are Noetherian. In unpublished work, Eakin has shown that adjoining all Noetherian domains to the catalogue of Gilmer-Mott gives a description of the domains whose simple proper overrings are Noetheri an. Using the theory of Krul rings and valuation rings with few zero-divisors, the present article extends the latter characterization to the context of reduced rings
Influence of heart rate on the BOLD signal: the cardiac response function

It has previously been shown that low-frequency fluctuations in both respiratory volume and cardiac rate can induce changes in the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal. Such physiological noise can obscure the detection of neural activation using fMRI, and it is therefore important to model and remove the effects of this noise. While a hemodynamic response function relating respiratory variation (RV) and the BOLD signal has been described [Birn, R.M., Smith, M.A., Jones, T.B., Bandettini, P.A., 2008b. The respiration response function: The temporal dynamics of fMRI signal fluctuations related to changes in respiration. Neuroimage 40, 644-654.], no such mapping for heart rate (HR) has been proposed. In the current study, the effects of RV and HR are simultaneously deconvolved from resting state fMRI. It is demonstrated that a convolution model including RV and HR can explain significantly more variance in gray matter BOLD signal than a model that includes RV alone, and an average HR response function is proposed that well characterizes our subject population. It is observed that the voxel-wise morphology of the deconvolved RV responses is preserved when HR is included in the model, and that its form is adequately modeled by Birn et al.'s previously-described respiration response function. Furthermore, it is shown that modeling out RV and HR can significantly alter functional connectivity maps of the default-mode network.
Abstract 3427: The dinuclear platinum agent, BBR3610-DACH, exhibits a significant anti-proliferative effect: Regulation of G1/S and G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.

BBR3610-DACH, a long-chain, bifunctional dinuclear PTII complex with a similar DNA binding mode to the Phase II clinical drug, BBR3464 and its potent analogue, BBR3610, was shown previously to be resistant to metabolic decomposition by sulfur-containing nucleophiles. Initial observations utilizing the alkaline comet assay indicate that BBR3610-DACH forms interstrand crosslinks. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry showed that BBR3610-DACH inhibited cell proliferation and caused G1/S and G2/M cell cycle arrest in HCT116 colorectal cells in a time dependent manner accompanied with significant s phase depletion. Similar experiments with synchronized cells showed a distinct G1 phase arrest elicited by the drug following release from arrest. Immunoblotting revealed a stabilization of p53 between 6-24hr after treatment with 20μM (IC90) BBR3610-DACH, with a concomitant increased levels of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, p21 and p27. Cell proliferation assay using MTT and subsequent cell cycle studies with HCT116 p53-/- and HCT116 p21-/- indicated that the cytotoxicity profile of BBR3610-DACH was p21 dependent and partially dependent on the p53 status. However, no change was observed in the protein levels of cyclin E, CDK2, and CDC25A which are G1 phase regulators. Decrease in the levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1 at 24hrs suggested a G2/M block indicative of a possible mitotic catastrophe. Next, we examined whether the DNA damage sensor protein kinases, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3 related (ATR) had a role in the cell cycle regulation after drug treatment. Studies using the ATM inhibitor, KU-60019 and caffeine (inhibits both ATM and ATR) revealed no apparent role of ATM but a possible dependence on ATR. Following the cell cycle effects, BBR3610-DACH induced cell death as seen from cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) levels as early as 6hrs after drug treatment. Interestingly, no cleaved caspase 3 was seen suggesting a caspase-independent PARP cleavage. Together these findings suggest that BBR3610-DACH is a major cell cycle inhibitory DNA binding platinum agent that could be further developed as a major chemotherapeutic. Citation Format: Vijay Menon, Erica Peterson, Sumitra Deb, Lawrence Povirk, Nicholas Farrell. The dinuclear platinum agent, BBR3610-DACH, exhibits a significant anti-proliferative effect: Regulation of G1/S and G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3427. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3427
Induced circular dichroism as a probe of Cibacron Blue and Congo Red bound to dehydrogenases

Abstract We have investigated the circular dichroism induced in Cibacron Blue and Congo Red upon binding to several dehydrogenases to probe the conformation of the bound dyes. The circular dichroism spectra of Congo Red are quite similar when the dye is bound to lactic dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase but has bands of opposite sign when bound to cytoplasmic malic dehydrogenase. The circular dichroism spectra of Cibacron Blue bound to these same dehydrogenases are quite different from one another. Since circular dichroism is sensitive to the conformation of bound dye, these differences argue for at least local changes in dye conformation or environment when bound to different dehydrogenases. Congo Red appears to be less sensitive to these effects than Cibacron Blue.
How receptors talk to trimeric G proteins.

Abstract Stimulated by hormones and sensory stimuli, serpentine receptors promote the release of GDP that is bound to the α subunit of trimeric G proteins and its replacement by GTP. Recent investigations have begun to define the sizes, shapes, and relative orientations of receptors and G proteins, the surfaces through which they interact with one another, and conformational changes in both sets of molecules that underlie receptor-catalyzed guanine-nucleotide exchange.
Specific arginine vasopressin binding in particulate membrane from rat aorta

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been shown to have direct pressor effects on vascular smooth muscle. We have characterized a specific binding site for AVP in rat aorta membranes. We identified a specific binding site for AVP with a Kd of 1.6 nM and Bmax of 48 pM/mg protein. The time course, pH dependence, and temperature dependence were consistent with those found for other peptide receptors. Analogues of AVP competed with tritium labelled AVP for binding to the aortic vascular receptor in direct proportion to their pressor activities.
A Java Implementation of MPI-I/O-Oriented Random Access File Class in AgentTeamwork Grid Computing Middleware

MPI-I/O defines a high-level file interface that enables multiple ranks to share a random access file. It would be highly attractive to grid-computing users that files are automatically partitioned and transfered to remote sites where their jobs can access the files through MPI-I/O. We are currently implementing in the Agent Teamwork grid-computing middleware system a series of these file-handling features including: file partitioning into strides, stride distribution to multiple processes, stride access through our MPI-I/O-oriented random access file class, stride exchange among processes, and barrier synchronization support. Particularly focusing on a design of our random access file class, this paper presents an implementation and performance results of Agent Teamwork's file-partitioning and stride-maintenance schemes.
Beam quality improvement of broad-area laser diodes by fast-to-slow axis mode imaging

A novel technique for beam quality improvement of a broad-area diode array has been demonstrated. For each emitter, the fast-axis mode is imaged back onto the slow axis, improving beam quality while preserving slope efficiency.
Mastering the Case Method

SUMMARY This paper examines the instructor's role in preparing a case for student discussion and case work. A detailed description of one approach to the case method is presented. This description of case discussion includes specifics for devising interactive stages of student involvement, including a framework for sequencing questions to guide students through cases of analysis and decision making. Accompanying the strategies are illustrations of clarifying techniques and visual support from real‐life case sessions. Finally, because an instructor's primary concern is to help students master the activity of teaching, alternatives for evaluating performance through case work are presented. ‘What do you think of Dr Clark?’ ‘Well, she's certainly persistent. She's making a huge effort for only one student teacher.’ The instructor wrote persistent on the chart paper taped to the wall. ‘I think she's tactful. I mean, she's got some pretty difficult things to say to Evie but she doesn't come into the classroom ...
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Descriptions of Yang-Mills Particles

A new Lagrangian $L$ is proposed for the description of a particle with a non-Abelian charge in interaction with a Yang-Mills field. The canonical quantization of $L$ is discussed. At the quantum level $L$ leads to both irreducible and reducible multiplets of the particle depending upon which of the parameters in $L$ are regarded as dynamical. The case which leads to the irreducible multiplet is the minimal non-Abelian generalization of the usual Lagrangian for a charged point particle in an electromagnetic field. Some of the Lagrangians proposed before for such systems are either special cases of ours or can be obtained from ours by simple modifications. Our formulation bears some resemblance to Dirac's theory of magnetic monopoles in the following respects: (1) Quantization is possible only if the values of certain parameters in $L$ are restricted to a certain discrete set, this is analogous to the Dirac quantization condition; (2) in certain cases, $L$ depends on external (nondynamical) directions in the internal-symmetry space. This is analogous to the dependence of the magnetic-monopole Lagrangian on the direction of the Dirac string.