cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PISCIVORES, PREDATION, AND PCBs IN LAKE ONTARIO’S PELAGIC FOOD WEB

PCB concentrations in Great Lakes sport fishes continue to concern man- agers. Proposed reductions in consumption advisories, if adopted, would increase pressure to further reduce contaminant concentrations. However, management of Great Lakes pelagic food webs for minimum PCB concentrations and maximum sustainability represents a potential conflict. Here I use a detailed age-structured chinook salmon-alewife model to examine the potential for changes in stocking rates to further reduce contaminant concen- trations in Lake Ontario's chinook salmon. Uncertainty surrounding recruitment of alewife, the principal prey of all stocked salmonids, is considered, and sustainability of alewife is cast in probabilistic terms. The interaction between size-selective predation and chinook salmon growth rates leads to a relatively narrow range of chinook salmon stocking that should keep the alewife eaten small (thus having relatively low PCB concentrations) but not reduce the age structure of the alewife population to few reproductive individuals. Stocking rates necessary to achieve PCB consumption advisories ?0.5 mg/kg fish mass carry -90% probability of an alewife population crash. Modest increases (25%) in current stocking rates would decrease PCB concentrations of chinook salmon without a large in- crease in the probability that the alewife population would crash. These results are applicable' to other salmonids (coho salmon and lake, rainbow, and brown trout), because they too exhibit size selective predation, and their recruitment is largely determined by stocking.
Clinical Significance of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes

On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences, multiple genotypes and subtypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been identified. Characterization of these genetic groups is likely to facilitate and contribute to the development of an effective vaccine against infection with HCV. Differences among HCV genotypes in geographic distributions have provided investigators with an epidemiologic marker that can be used to trace the source of HCV infection in a given population. HCV genotype 1 may represent a more aggressive strain and one that is less likely to respond to interferon treatment than HCV genotype 2 or 3. However, these observations require confirmation before HCV genotyping can be used in clinical settings.
Indolence and Regeneration: Tropes and Tensions of Risorgimento Patriotism

IN THE LAST HALF CENTURY, the historiography of the Italian Risorgimento, operating within a conventional understanding of political thought, has usually emphasized the differences between the more conservative liberals or "moderates," who until 1848 favored a confederation of states under the leadership of one of the established rulers, and the democrats, who favored instead the creation of a unitary or federal state under a republican constitution.' The focus on the political currents of the Risorgimento has overshadowed, as a recent study has pointed out.? the fact that patriots of different stripes shared common sentiments and cultural conceptions about that obscure object of desire, the nation, starting with the common use
Water buffalo and cattle ranching in the Lower Amazon Basin: Comparisons and conflicts

Abstract From 1975 to 2000, the water buffalo population in the Brazilian Amazon increased at nearly 13% per year, making it one of the fastest growing herds in the world. On the floodplains of the Amazon River buffalo are managed in a similar manner to cattle, but often earn superior production figures. This production advantage, however, is tempered by the role buffalo play in conflicts between landowners; buffalo are prone to altering the floodplain environment and interfering with production activities such as fishing and farming. In this research, we show that buffalo are kept on the floodplains 24% longer than cattle throughout the year, and 37% longer than cattle during periods when landowner conflicts are most likely to occur. We also show that buffalo productivity is greater than cattle in this system, which gives an opportunity to design management regimes for buffalo that may increase production costs, but that will lower the environmental and social problems that involve buffalo. Specifically, when the waters begin to rise, buffalo should be removed from the floodplains at the same time as cattle. Although this will not lessen the damage done while the buffalo is on the floodplain, it will place buffalo on the floodplain during the dry season when the erosion potential is at its lowest, and reduce the time that buffalo may interfere with other production activities such as fishing. The additional production costs incurred by early removal will not dissipate the production advantage over cattle. Without specific management that addresses the socio-economic and environmental problems caused by buffalo, the continued high growth rate for the buffalo population on the Amazon floodplains may not be sustainable and conflicts will become commonplace.
Simultaneous peak and average power minimization during datapath scheduling for DSP processors

The use of multiple supply voltages for energy and average power reduction is well researched and several works have appeared in the literature. However, in low power design using deep submicron and nanometer technology, the peak power, peak power differential, average power and total energy are equally critical design constraints. In this work, we propose datapath scheduling algorithms for simultaneous minimization of peak and average power while maintaining performance by use of dynamic frequency clocking and multiple supply voltages. The algorithms use integer linear programming based models. The dynamic frequency clocking methodology is more useful for data intensive signal processing applications. The effectiveness of our scheduling technique is measured by estimating the peak power consumption, the average power consumption and the power delay product of the datapath circuit. Furthermore, the proposed scheduling scheme is compared with combined multiple supply voltages and multicycling scheme. Experimental results show that combined multiple supply voltages (3.3V,2.4V) and dynamic frequency clocking scheme achieves significant reductions in peak power (72% on the average), average power (71% on the average) and power delay product (54% on the average).
Normal and Abnormal Personality Traits: Evidence for Genetic and Environmental Relationships in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart

Recent studies have demonstrated substantial correlations between normal and abnormal personality traits. Yet little is known about how these correlations are mediated genetically and environmentally: Do normal and abnormal personality traits stem from the same underlying genes and environments? We addressed this question using data from 128 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (MISTRA). Additive genetic and nonshared environmental correlations between scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)--an index of abnormal personality--and the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ)--an index of normal personality--were estimated. Results indicated that phenotypic correlations between normal and abnormal personality were mediated by genetic as well as environmental factors, although the magnitude of genetic mediation tended to be larger overall. Moreover, the patterns of phenotypic, genetic, and environmental relationships among the scales were similar, suggesting that influences on normal and abnormal personality act through systems common to both. It is suggested that future research focus on the neurogenetic substrates of these shared systems and how dysfunction in these systems influences development of disordered personality.
Evaluating Mainstream Programs: Capitalizing on a Victory:

Evaluation of mainstream programs is becoming a prominent concern in recent special education literature. In contrast to past conceptualizations of program evaluation, current writers in this area are advocating the use of formative rather than summative evaluation models, at least in the initial stages of program development. The present paper is not antithetical to this perspective. However, it argues that mainstream programs require elaborate conceptualizations of evaluation, conceptualizations which are more capable (in comparison with traditional formative evaluation models) of handling the dynamic and complex nature of the component processes involved in mainstreaming. This position is congruent with recent in-depth discussions of mainstreaming as an educational reform. An extensive literature on planned organizational changes and responsiveness to change and innovation provides its primary support base. Davis's (1973) A VICTORY model of factors associated with organizational change represents one d...
Inflation and inequality: does political structure matter?

Abstract Several studies have reported a positive correlation between inflation and inequality over the period 1965–1990. This correlation vanishes when the analysis is extended to the 1990s. This paper shows that the correlation still exists conditional on political structure.
Investigation of Gases Evolved During Firing of Porcelain Enamels

An investigation was made of the gases evolved during the firing of porcelain enamels. The investigation included (1) examination of gas evolution with a microscope while specimens were being fired, (2) examination of fired specimens for changes in bubble structure with firing time, (3) examination of the changes in the normal gas evolution when water-free enamels were used, (4) analysis with the mass spectrometer of the gases trapped in the bubble structure after varying firing times, (5) determination of the source of the carbon gases in the bubble structure using radioactive C14 as a tracer, and (6) determination of the effect of various pretreatments of the clay used for suspending the coating slip on the resulting bubble structure of the fired specimens. The results showed that the principal gases evolved during the firing were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The blistering that is often observed in the early stage of firing when porcelain enamels are applied to low-carbon steel was found to be caused by evolution of the carbon gases formed by the oxidation of the carbon in the steel. Evidence was obtained that the hydrogen formed from the reaction between the dissolved water in the coating and the hot-iron base slowly diffuses into the coating as the firing continues. Some of the hydrogen also diffuses into the metal. On fast cooling this hydrogen is expelled, causing bubbles to form in the coating at the interface. It was found that a considerable portion of the bubble structure in an enamel fired for a normal time is due to some impurity in the clay mill addition. The impurity is probably organic matter adsorbed on the clay particles.
The BNL toroidal volume H - source

The BNL toroidal volume H/sup -/ ion source, in pulsed operation, is now producing up to 35 mA with an electron to H/sup -/ ratio of less than five, and a ratio of less than three for currents up to 20 mA. This improvement came about by increasing the strength of the conical filter field. The source has also been operated steady state at low arc currents, where up to 6 mA of H/sup -/ was extracted. The electron to H/sup -/ ratio is 2-3 times larger for DC operation. For DC currents up to 5 mA, the arc power efficiency was 5 mA/kW. Pulsed performances with Ta and W filaments were very similar, except for the large gas pumping observed with the Ta filament. In DC operation, the Ta filament performed somewhat better than W. Extraction from seven apertures having a total area of 1 cm/sup 2/ produced the same results as a single 1 cm/sup 2/ aperture. >
Primary Cardiac Angiosarcoma: 53 Months’ Survival After Multidisciplinary Therapy

An 8-year-old girl underwent surgical excision of a tumor arising from the right atrium immediately after admission. Because histologic and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of angiosarcoma, adjunctive multidisciplinary therapy was administered for the following 2 years. She is leading a normal school life 53 months after the operation. Therapeutic strategy for this highly malignant cardiac tumor is discussed.
Diagnosis and management of parastomal pyoderma gangrenosum

Parastomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) is an unusual neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by painful, necrotic ulcerations occurring in the area surrounding an abdominal stoma. It typically affects young to middle-aged adults, with a slight female predominance. The underlying etiology for PPG remains enigmatic but aberrant immune response to injury may play a pivotal role. The reported risk factors for the development of PPG include the presence of extra-intestinal manifestations, autoimmune disorders and obesity, along with local factors, such as the presence of parastomal hernia or pressure ulcer. PPG can develop at any time after the stoma construction. The histopathological features of PPG are not pathognomonic and its diagnosis is mainly based on clinical features. The management of PPG often requires a multidisciplinary approach, with a combination of local wound care and systemic medications.
Association of L-arginine transporters with fodrin: implications for hypoxic inhibition of arginine uptake.

In this study, we investigated the possible interaction between the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT)-1 arginine transporter and ankyrin or fodrin. Because ankyrin and fodrin are substrates for calpain and because hypoxia increases calpain expression and activity in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC), we also studied the effect of hypoxia on ankyrin, fodrin, and CAT-1 contents in PAEC. Exposure to long-term hypoxia (24 h) inhibited l-arginine uptake by PAEC, and this inhibition was prevented by calpain inhibitor 1. The effects of hypoxia and calpain inhibitor 1 were not associated with changes in CAT-1 transporter content in PAEC plasma membranes. However, hypoxia stimulated the hydrolysis of ankyrin and fodrin in PAEC, and this could be prevented by calpain inhibitor 1. Incubation of solubilized plasma membrane proteins with anti-fodrin antibodies resulted in a 70% depletion of CAT-1 immunoreactivity and in a 60% decrease in l-arginine transport activity in reconstituted proteoliposomes (3,291 ± 117 vs. 8,101 ± 481 pmol ⋅ mg protein−1 ⋅ 3 min−1 in control). Incubation with anti-ankyrin antibodies had no effect on CAT-1 content or l-arginine transport in reconstituted proteoliposomes. These results demonstrate that CAT-1 arginine transporters in PAEC are associated with fodrin, but not with ankyrin, and that long-term hypoxia decreases l-arginine transport by a calpain-mediated mechanism that may involve fodrin proteolysis.
STRELKOVIMERMIS RUBTSOVI N. SP. AND STRELKOVIMERMIS OZAWINDIBI N. SP. (NEMATODA: MERMITHIDAE) PARASITIZING CHIRONOMID (INSECTA: DIPTERA) ADULTS ECLOSING FROM NORTHERN MINNESOTA GLACIAL LAKES

Two new species of Strelkovimermis are described from chironomid imagoes eclosing from northern Minnesota glacial lakes. The 2 species are distinguished from the other 12 species in the genus by terminal mouths, rounded or nippled posterior ends, short buccal funnels, short terminal limbs of the S-shaped vagina, and presence of a bursal sleeve. Strelkovimermis rubtsovi n. sp. is distinguished from S. ozawindibi n. sp. by the presence of a dorsal protractor. Procladius (Psilotanypus) bellus (Loew) is the host of S. rubtsovi. The chironomid host of S. ozawindibi has not been determined. An artificial key is provided to distinguish the 14 species of the genus.
Misfits and the Imagined American High School: A Spatial Analysis of Student Identities and Schooling

This article provides a socio-spatial analysis of youth identities within the context of school choice reforms. Unable to conform to cultural ideals inscribed in the American school, a diverse group of youth forced out of traditional schools mediate the local production of school choice initiatives through the formation of youth identities as misfits. Findings suggest that the cultural ideals inscribed in traditional schools produce socio-spatial relations that serve to differentiate and ultimately exclude certain youth.
Trading Volume Reaction to the Earnings Reconciliation from IFRS to U.S. GAAP: Further Evidence

The U.S. SEC approved in December 2007 to accept financial statements prepared under IFRS as issued by the IASB without reconciliation to U.S. GAAP for foreign firms. Using a sample of foreign firms that use IFRS and reconcile to U.S. GAAP from 2005 to 2006, we find that earnings reconciliation from IFRS to U.S. GAAP is positively and significantly associated with abnormal trading volume in the U.S. markets around the Form 20-F filing dates. We also document that the trading volume reaction in the U.S. markets is weaker for firms that use IFRS as issued by the IASB than for firms that use other versions of IFRS. Moreover, the trading volume reaction in the U.S. markets exists for firms with low institutional holdings and for first-time IFRS filers but disappears for firms with high institutional holdings and for continuous IFRS filers. Furthermore, we do not find any evidence that earnings reconciliation is significantly associated with abnormal trading volume in the local markets for the full sample and for any partitioned sample. Our evidence is of interest to the SEC when evaluating the effectiveness of its no-reconciliation rule and considering allowing U.S. domestic firms to prepare financial statements under IFRS.
Development of a Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulation Tool for Anisotropic Thermal Protection Systems

Novel materials intended for use in thermal protection systems in hypersonic vehicles, such as carbon foams, have highly anisotropic properties. These properties can be tuned in some ways during manufacture. Research is ongoing to develop a tightly coupled solver combining the gas dynamics of the surrounding gas with the mechanical and thermal response of these materials. Mature techniques are available to solve the dierent domains, such as finite element methods for the solid, and finite volume methods for the chemically reacting high speed gas dynamics. The dierent discretizations add complications to the coupling process. A set of tightly coupled integral conservation equations is derived that lends itself to solution via finite volume methods. A finite volume procedure is presented that is suitable for both the solid material and the surrounding gas. Results of representative test cases for anisotropic conduction are presented, and demonstrate that anisotropy can have a significant eect on the temperature distribution within the material.
Atomic-Scale Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy: a Review

Atomic-scale spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful real-space technique for investigating the magnetic structure of surfaces. With its intrinsic lateral resolution capability, this technique can achieve atomic-scale resolved spin resolution of surfaces. Antiferromagnets, in particular, offer opportunities to test the spatial resolution of magnetism at ultimate length scales, where the magnetization reverses on the scale of one atomic spacing. But in addition, the technique has been applied with very interesting results to the case of ferromagnetic surfaces. Reviewed here are the various contemporary experimental results, including a discussion of the theoretical basis for atomic-scale magnetic imaging. Theoretical calculations to simulate the magnetic STM images are also discussed, including those calculations which take into account the tip electronic structure.
Bilateral distribution of vagal motor and sensory nerve fibers in the rat's lungs and airways.

This study combined single and transneuronal labeling to define the origin of midline-crossing vagal fibers projecting to the rat's lungs. Injections of the β-subunit of cholera toxin (CT-β) into the lungs labeled similar numbers of neuronal somata in the nucleus ambiguus and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus on both sides of the medulla, even though vagal stimulation increased lung resistance 50% less in the contralateral than in the ipsilateral lung. Unilateral cervical vagotomy prevented CT-β labeling of ipsilateral neuronal somata and sensory fibers, indicating that lung-bound vagal fibers undergo decussation only inside the thorax. Injections of CT-β and FluoroGold into opposite main stem bronchi double labeled 30% and 11% of all neuronal somata immunoreactive for CT-β and FluoroGold, respectively, showing that one single vagal motoneuron can innervate airways on both sides. Injections of pseudorabies virus into the right lung revealed a bilateral network of infected neurons, even after unilateral vagotomy. The latter did not prevent infection of the ipsilateral vagal nuclei. These findings demonstrate that vagal motoneurons that project to the lungs receive contralateral inputs from the airway premotor network and vagal bronchomotor centers.
On the Mediation Programs Of Adult Guardianship System In The United States

More and more countries in the world have adopted the mediation procedures to resolve the issue of adult guardianship system.On the issue of the adult guardianship,the mediation procedures have unique advantages in comparison to the judicial proceedings.The comparative advantages of the mediation process resolving the issue of adult guardianship system is mainly embodied in cost saving,improving the effectiveness and promoting interpersonal harmony.China should introduce the experience of the United States and establish our country's mediation proceedings in adult guardianship system which adapts to the exact conditions of our country.
An Analysis of Psychological Factors Affecting Exercise Habit Formation for College Students

According to the present situation of sports exercise of college students,the investigation shows that there are many factors affecting exercise habit formation,of which,psychological factor is the most important one. It includes sports attitude,motivation,interest etc.
Detection and Isolation of Circulating Melanoma Cells using Photoacoustic Flowmetry

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are those cells that have separated from a macroscopic tumor and spread through the blood and lymph systems to seed secondary tumors(1,2,3). CTCs are indicators of metastatic disease and their detection in blood samples may be used to diagnose cancer and monitor a patient's response to therapy. Since CTCs are rare, comprising about one tumor cell among billions of normal blood cells in advanced cancer patients, their detection and enumeration is a difficult task. We exploit the presence of pigment in most melanoma cells to generate photoacoustic, or laser induced ultrasonic waves in a custom flow cytometer for detection of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs)(4,5). This process entails separating a whole blood sample using centrifugation and obtaining the white blood cell layer. If present in whole blood, CMCs will separate with the white blood cells due to similar density. These cells are resuspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and introduced into the flowmeter. Rather than a continuous flow of the blood cell suspension, we induced two phase flow in order to capture these cells for further study. In two phase flow, two immiscible liquids in a microfluidic system meet at a junction and form alternating slugs of liquid(6,7). PBS suspended white blood cells and air form microliter slugs that are sequentially irradiated with laser light. The addition of a surfactant to the liquid phase allows uniform slug formation and the user can create different sized slugs by altering the flow rates of the two phases. Slugs of air and slugs of PBS with white blood cells contain no light absorbers and hence, do not produce photoacoustic waves. However, slugs of white blood cells that contain even single CMCs absorb laser light and produce high frequency acoustic waves. These slugs that generate photoacoustic waves are sequestered and collected for cytochemical staining for verification of CMCs.
Professionalism and Commercialism on Cosmetic Surgeons’ Websites

This study analyzed the homepages of 250 cosmetic surgeons' websites by focusing on the representation of cosmetic surgery providers, cosmetic surgery recipients, and cosmetic surgery practice itself. Based on a literature review, some common elements of the webpages were preidentified as the indicators of professionalism or commercialism. Subsequently, each homepage was scrutinized for their presence and salience. Overall, cosmetic surgeons' websites were high in professionalism and low in commercialism in their representation of the service providers. In depicting the recipients, the websites were moderate in both professionalism and commercialism. The representation of practice was low in professionalism and moderate in commercialism. Implications of these findings for doctors, regulators, and consumer advocates are discussed and directions for future research are proposed.
A Pilot Study To Examine The Effect Of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) On Plasma Factor XIII Levels

Background Children with acute, severe cardiopulmonary compromise may require support with ECMO. Adequate anticoagulation without inducing life-threatening hemorrhage plays a critical role in the management of these patients. Recent data from adult studies suggest that patients undergoing cardiac bypass for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) often have reduced Factor XIII levels (FXIII). This relative FXIII deficiency may be predictive of hemorrhage or severe blood loss. Such studies have never been conducted in the pediatric population. Our primary objective will be to determine if a relative deficiency in FXIII occurs in children undergoing ECMO and to determine any time dependency of these changes. Our secondary objective will be to determine if blood loss and/or transfusion requirements during ECMO correlates with FXIII levels. Methods Single center ongoing study utilizing a prospective design involving pediatric patients (ages 0-18) undergoing ECMO. Samples for FXIII, D-Dimers, Fibrinogen and Thrombin Time are being drawn at designated time points as follows: prior to or during ECMO cannulation, 2 hours, 24 hours, 3-5 days and 14-21 days after initiation of ECMO and 1-3 days after discontinuation of ECMO. Mixed effects analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) will be used for data analysis. Results To date, fifteen patients have been enrolled and analyses have been conducted for n=7 patients with a total of 36 time points of data. [Figure 1a][1] and [1b][2] show the mean and standard deviation (SD) of FXIII and Fibrinogen, respectively. [Figure 1c][3] shows the mean ratio of FXIII to Fibrinogen. Error bars represent 1 SD around the mean (central point). ![Figure 1a][4] Figure 1a FXIII Mean and SD ![Figure 1b][4] Figure 1b Fibrinogen Mean and SD ![Figure 1c][4] Figure 1c FXIII to Fibrinogen Ratio Conclusion and Significance This is the first pediatric study evaluating FXIII activity in children undergoing ECMO. Firm conclusions cannot be drawn with the interim analyses conducted to date. If variations in FXIII are found, our results will provide important information towards determining if children undergoing ECMO could potentially benefit from FXIII replacement, in turn minimizing bleeding complications and/or transfusion requirements often encountered with this treatment modality. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #F1 [2]: #F2 [3]: #F3 [4]: pending:yes
Amenity or Nuisance? Understanding and Managing Human–Panther Conflicts in Exurban Southwest Florida

ABSTRACTGolden Gate Estates (GGE), an exurban development in southwest Florida, is the site of the highest recorded number of conflicts between people and the Florida panther. We used qualitative data provided by 157 GGE residents and 19 nonresident stakeholders to investigate attitudes toward the panther, and appropriate measures to mitigate human–panther conflicts. Although a subset of GGE residents expressed some concerns about human safety risks associated with living with the panther, a higher share of residents viewed the panther positively. Residents and nonresident stakeholders agreed that GGE residents are responsible for securing their livestock against panthers. This point of agreement may improve adoption of appropriate practices to prevent human–panther conflicts. Outreach and education programs should reinforce expectations within the GGE community that residents are responsible for securing livestock against predators and adopting other conflict mitigation practices, as well as encouraging ...
Can venous cord gas values predict fetal acidemia

Background Umbilical cord arterial blood gas values are used to diagnose fetal acidemia; however, arterial cord blood specimens are frequently not available. Objective We sought to assess whether umbilical cord venous blood gas values can be used to reliably predict fetal acidemia. Study Design This is an observational study of women with a singleton gestation at a single tertiary care hospital who delivered from September 2010 through August 2015 and had both umbilical cord arterial and venous blood gas samples measured. Fetal acidemia was defined in 2 ways: (1) umbilical cord arterial pH Results Of the 36,325 women who met inclusion criteria, 563 (1.5%) had an umbilical cord arterial pH P P = .622). The likelihood of an arterial cord venous pH Conclusion Umbilical cord venous pH and base deficit are each highly predictive of fetal acidemia, and can be used to evaluate the likelihood of fetal acidemia in the absence of umbilical cord arterial blood gas values.
Separable Fully Connected Layers Improve Deep Learning Models For Genomics

Convolutional neural networks are rapidly gaining popularity in regulatory genomics. Typically, these networks have a stack of convolutional and pooling layers, followed by one or more fully connected layers. In genomics, the same positional patterns are often present across multiple convolutional channels. Therefore, in current state-of-the-art networks, there exists significant redundancy in the representations learned by standard fully connected layers. We present a new separable fully connected layer that learns a weights tensor that is the outer product of positional weights and cross-channel weights, thereby allowing the same positional patterns to be applied across multiple convolutional channels. Decomposing positional and cross-channel weights further enables us to readily impose biologically inspired constraints on positional weights, such as symmetry. We also propose a novel regularizer that penalizes curvature in the positional weights. Using experiments on simulated and in vivo datasets, we show that networks that incorporate our separable fully connected layer outperform conventional models with analogous architectures and the same number of parameters. Additionally, our networks are more robust to hyperparameter tuning, have more informative gradients, and produce importance scores that are more consistent with known biology than conventional deep neural networks. Availability: Our implementation is available at: https://github.com/kundajelab/keras/tree/keras_1. A gist illustrating model setup is at: goo.gl/gYooaa.
Preference among cooling systems by gilts under heat stress

A preference experiment was conducted to compare and evaluate the use of three cooling systems by mature gilts. Systems evaluated were snout coolers (S), drip coolers (D), and conductive cool pads (P). Preference for cooling system and pen position were continuously monitored and evaluated during daily heat stress conditions (34.2 +/- 2.8 degrees C), nightly warm conditions (26.6 +/- 2.3 degrees C), and for total time. The physiological variables of respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (Tr) were measured at three separate times daily. Gilts naive to the cooling systems were individually housed in pens with three free stalls, each stall containing a different cooling system. After 1 d of warm temperature (27.6 +/- 2.5 degrees C) acclimation, gilts were exposed to 10 h of the heat stress conditions and 14 h of the warm night conditions each day for six consecutive days. Cooling system use was higher during the hot period (80.2%) than during the warm period (66.2%). The conductive cool pad was preferred over the drip cooler (P < .02) and the snout cooler (P < .0002). The preference for the conductive cool pad persisted in the warm period. Cooling system use had a significant effect on Tr and RR (P < .001). The Tr (P < .005) and RR were lower (P < .005) with the use of the conductive cool pad, whereas the drip cooler and snout cooler showed no effect on these variables.
PerkinElmer Developing Products in China for China

Sym-Bio, an entrepreneurial Chinese diagnostic company with a product line in infectious disease testing, has agreed to be acquired by PerkinElmer, an international corporation with businesses in neonatal testing, life science services, and environmental health. Sym-Bio wants to accelerate its growth and competitive position in China through this strategic move, and PerkinElmer seeks to broaden its access to the Chinese marketplace, leverage the cost advantages of operating in China, and tap into the talent pool of young Chinese scientists. Strategic and operational integration of Sym-Bio into PerkinElmer is explored through the lens of the founder and CEO of Sym-Bio and that of the acquiring company.Learning Objective: Examine a market entry strategy for the Chinese market.
Successful Strategies to Spotlight Achievement and Recognize Excellence.

In any given year, awards committees may not be overwhelmed with numerous nomination packets. It is easy to understand why because of the time and personal investment needed to champion a nomination packet. For national awards, the nominations are usually competitive and high quality. Awards committee members commit to confidential selection processes, and they fully review and rate nomination packets. A considerate award nomination champion will supply complete information, avoid unnecessary redundancies, and comply with directions. Champions experience professional satisfaction and a sense accomplishment when their nominees are selected. Time to celebrate.
A method of evaluation of transverse critical energy release rate (fiber failure mode) in advanced composites

Ultimate failure of composite laminates typically involves fiber failure after a number of spurious cracking modes have developed and grown. The possibility that this failure can be treated as a legitimate fracture process has apparently been neglected due to the difficulty in producing the appropriate failure mode in the laboratory. This issue is addressed in this communication, where we design a specimen in which the 0 degree ply is sandwiched between 90 degree plies which serve as guides to direct the crack propagation across the fibers. The corresponding fracture anisotropy, or the ratio of the transverse and longitudinal critical energy release rates is found to be 1,011 for a graphite-expoxy unidirectional composite, the highest fracture anisotropy measured to date.
The Role of Family Relationships in Mental Health Distress for Transgender and Gender Nonconforming College Students at University Counseling Centers

Using data from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH), the present study examines the role family relationships have in explaining mental health outcomes for transgender and gender nonconf...
[89Zr]Zr-DBN labeled cardiopoietic stem cells proficient for heart failure

Abstract Introduction Radiolabeling of stem cells with a positron emitting radioisotope represents a major advancement in regenerative biotherapy enabling non-invasive imaging. To assess the value of such an approach in a clinically relevant scenario, the tolerability and therapeutic aptitude of [89Zr]zirconium-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine ([89Zr]Zr-DBN) labeled human cardiopoietic stem cells (CPs) were evaluated in a model of ischemic heart failure. Methods and results [89Zr]Zr-DBN based radiolabeling of human CPs yielded [89Zr]Zr-DBN-CPs with radioactivity yield of 0.70 ± 0.20 MBq/106 cells and excellent label stability. Compared to unlabeled cell counterparts, [89Zr]Zr-DBN-CPs maintained morphology, viability, and proliferation capacity with characteristic expression of mesodermal and pro-cardiogenic transcription factors defining the cardiopoietic phenotype. Administered in chronically infarcted murine hearts, [89Zr]Zr-DBN-CPs salvaged cardiac pump failure, documented by improved left ventricular ejection fraction not inferior to unlabeled CPs and notably superior to infarcted hearts without cell treatment. Conclusion The present study establishes that [89Zr]Zr-DBN labeling does not compromise stem cell identity or efficacy in the setting of heart failure, offering a non-invasive molecular imaging platform to monitor regenerative biotherapeutics post-transplantation.
Low temperature hydrogen and deuterium isotherms for Pd and some of its binary alloys

Abstract This research demonstrates that hydrogen (deuterium) isotherms for Pd and its alloys can be measured down to quite low temperatures opening up new possibilities for the characterization of these systems. Deuterium isotherms are determined in this research down to 233 K and to 218 K for the Pd 0.95 Rh 0.05 and Pd 0.90 Rh 0.10 alloys, respectively. At low temperatures and moderate pressures, Pd and its alloys absorb significantly more H or D than at, e.g., 298 K. For example, at 218 K and ≈ 1 bar, the Pd 0.90 Rh 0.10 alloy absorbs D up to (D/ Pd 0.90 Rh 0.10 ) ≈ 0.8, mol ratio whereas the ratio is ≈ 0.70 at 298 K. The rate of attainment of equilibrium was relatively fast at the low temperatures, e.g., at 218 K equilibrium of Pd with D 2 was established in ≈ 10 m.
Association between Functional Brain Network Metrics and Surgeon Performance and Distraction in the Operating Room.

Objective: The aim of this work was to examine (electroencephalogram) EEG features that represent dynamic changes in the functional brain network of a surgical trainee and whether these features can be used to evaluate a robot assisted surgeon’s (RAS) performance and distraction level in the operating room. Materials and Methods: Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected from three robotic surgeons in an operating room (OR) via a 128-channel EEG headset with a frequency of 500 samples/second. Signal processing and network neuroscience algorithms were applied to the data to extract EEG features. The SURG-TLX and NASA-TLX metrics were subjectively evaluated by a surgeon and mentor at the end of each task. The scores given to performance and distraction metrics were used in the analyses here. Statistical test data were utilized to select EEG features that have a significant relationship with surgeon performance and distraction while carrying out a RAS surgical task in the OR. Results: RAS surgeon performance and distraction had a relationship with the surgeon’s functional brain network metrics as recorded throughout OR surgery. We also found a significant negative Pearson correlation between performance and the distraction level (−0.37, p-value < 0.0001). Conclusions: The method proposed in this study has potential for evaluating RAS surgeon performance and the level of distraction. This has possible applications in improving patient safety, surgical mentorship, and training.
The Crisis of Social Institutions and Police Homicides: The Adverse Effects of Low Institutional Control:

Using U.S. census data and a multi-source database on officer-involved killings, the current study extends previous research by exploring the influence of measures of weak social control in economi...
HRD1-Mediated METTL14 Degradation Regulates M 6 a mRNA Modification to Suppress ER Proteotoxic Liver Damage

Accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen triggers ER proteotoxic stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) for stress adaptation. The failure in this adaptation induces cell apoptosis and leads to tissue/organ damage-associated diseases, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, a genetic liver disease caused by accumulation of the misfolded AAT protein. The molecular switches underlying how the UPR, which initiates both apoptotic and adaptive pathways, selects for stress adaptation over apoptosis remain as biomedical mysteries. Here we discovered that accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins selectively induces N6-adenosine-methyltransferase 14 (METTL14) expression. METTL14 catalyzes C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) mRNA methylation to suppress its protein expression, which consequently inhibits the expression of its downstream pro-apoptotic target genes and protects cells from CHOP-mediated apoptosis. UPR induces METTL14 expression at post-transcription level through competing the HRD1-ERAD machinery to block METTL14 ubiquitination and degradation. Therefore, mice with liver-specific METTL14 deletion are highly susceptible to both acute pharmacological and AAT deficiency-induced ER proteotoxic stress and liver injury. Further hepatic CHOP deletion protected METTL14 knockout mice from ER proteotoxic stress induced liver damage. Our study revealed a novel crosstalk between ER stress and mRNA N6-adenosine-methylation (m 6 A) pathways, the ER stress-m6A (ERm6A) pathway, as a preciously unappreciated mechanism for ER stress adaptation to proteotoxicity.
Evolution of a Glaucoma Fellow's Surgical Training: Improvements in Tube Shunt Case Times during the Academic Year

Purpose The aim of the study is to report changes in tube shunt placement surgical case times for glaucoma fellows during the course of the academic year. Patients and Methods Electronic health records were retrospectively reviewed to determine patient demographics, surgical case times (defined as procedure start time to procedure end time), and glaucoma fellow involvement. Only cases with a glaucoma fellow as the primary surgeon were included. Operative case times were compared by first and second halves of the academic year (beginning in July and ending in June) using a two-tailed t-test. Results Five hundred and seventy-three individual tube shunt surgeries (385 Ahmed, 188 Baerveldt) performed by 28 glaucoma fellows (17 females, 11 males) at Duke University Eye Center and University of North Carolina Medical Center were included. Overall, case times were significantly shorter in the second half of the academic year as compared with the first (55.3 ± 17.1 minutes vs. 61.0 ± 17.4 minutes, p Conclusion Across 5 years at two academic institutions, glaucoma fellows had shorter primary tube shunt surgical case times in the second half of the academic year. These findings reflect improvement in surgical efficiency throughout glaucoma fellowship. These findings should be taken into consideration when scheduling trainee surgeries at academic medical centers at different points in the academic year.
Estivation in Protopterus

Estivation in Protopterus is an episodic event characterized by elaboration of a cocoon as ambient water is withdrawn, a state of torpor, and distinctive cardiorespiratory and metabolic changes. Among the more striking of these features is a decrease in oxygen consumption, a complete reliance on air breathing to satisfy metabolic need, a slowing of the heart rate, and a drop in blood pressure. The initiating mechanism for these dramatic changes is not known. As yet, specific “estivating factors” have not been identified. However, the pattern of decrease in oxygen uptake during estivation and starvation are quite similar, suggesting that a common factor may be involved in both. Attempts to implicate suppression of thyroid function in the onset of estivation have been unconvincing. Although initiating mechanisms for estivation in Protopterus remain uncertain, once estivation sets in a variety of adaptive changes occur that enable the estivating lungfish to survive for months to years without ingesting food or water. Among these are oliguria and a shift in metabolic pathways. Although estivation in Protopterus has been characterized with respect to cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters, no attempt is made to extrapolate from the biologic processes in Protopterus to other lepidosirenid lungfish or to other genera.
Corporate-Sponsored Child Care: Benefits for Children, Families, and Employers.

As more women enter the workforce, businesses are beginning to devise methods to assist employees with their child care needs. Research has demonstrated the benefits of corporate child care arrangements, not only for the employer but also for employees. Some companies utilize early childhood accreditation as a means of establishing quality caregiving. Yet, almost no research has been conducted to determine how corporate sponsored child care, accredited or not, affects the children involved. Many questions beg to be answered before it is known what the benefits of corporate-sponsored child care are for young children.
Color Distribution of Faint Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar Objects

The apparent colors in a flux-complete sample of galaxies depend on the redshifts and the spectral types in the sample. These in turn depend on both luminosity evolution and evolution of the shapes of the spectra. Thus in principle a great deal about the evolution of galaxies can be learned from complete multicolor surveys, especially now that large samples can be routinely generated by automatic machine measurement. The following will review what has been learned from recent work.
Identification of an amino acid substitution in human alpha 1 Na,K-ATPase which confers differentially reduced affinity for two related cardiac glycosides.

The ouabain-resistant cell line H1C1 displays a 30-fold differential of reduced sensitivity to the structurally related cardiac glycosides digoxin and digitoxin (Baker, R. M. (1976) in Biogenesis and Turnover of Membrane Macromolecules (Cook, J.S., ed) pp. 93-103, Raven Press, New York). Since these ligand congeners differ only by the presence of a hydroxyl group at C-12 of digoxin we predicted that the H1C1 phenotype must reflect a mutation which alters the binding site of the cardiac glycoside receptor (Na,K-ATPase). Complementary DNA encoding the alpha 1 Na,K-ATPase was prepared from H1C1 cell total RNA by reverse transcription-coupled polymerase chain reaction and these cDNAs were cloned. Sequence analysis of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction clones revealed several independent isolates containing a G > A transition at nucleotide 332 of the propeptide coding sequence, generating the amino acid substitution C108Y. The ability of this substitution to confer differential sensitivity for digoxin and digitoxin was tested and confirmed by expressing a human alpha 1 C108Y-Na,K-ATPase in wild type HeLa cells and assaying for inhibition of cell growth and inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity. Phenylalanine or alanine substitutions of this cysteine also confer this pattern of ligand discrimination. Ouabain-resistant Na,K-ATPase substitutions, at positions other than Cys-108 failed to exhibit differential sensitivity indicating that this ligand discrimination is unique to Cys-108 substitutions rather than a general property of cardiac glycoside-resistant mutants. It is proposed that differential resistance of the C108Y receptor for these ligands is a consequence of altering two features of the ligand-receptor interaction; one, a disruption of a common hydrogen bond resulting in general loss of affinity for cardiac glycosides and the other, formation of a new H-bond between the C-12 hydroxyl of digoxin and the receptor, specifically augmenting the stability of this ligand-receptor complex.