cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of cadmium and hypoxia on metabolic responses and bacterial loads of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin

Abstract Pollution by toxic metals including cadmium (Cd) and hypoxia are important stressors in estuaries and coastal waters which may interactively affect sessile benthic organisms, such as oysters. We studied metabolic responses to prolonged hypoxic acclimation (2 weeks at 5% O 2 ) in control and Cd-exposed (30 d at 50 μg L −1 Cd) oysters Crassostrea virginica, and analyzed the effects of these stressors on abundance of Vibrio spp. in oysters. Hypoxia-acclimated oysters retained normal standard metabolic rates (SMR) at 5% O 2 , in contrast to a decline of SMR observed during acute hypoxia. However, oysters spent more time actively ventilating in hypoxia than normoxia resulting in enhanced Cd uptake and 2.7-fold higher tissue Cd burdens in hypoxia. Cd exposure led to a significant decrease in tissue glycogen stores, increase in free glucose levels and elevated activity of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase and aldolase) indicating a greater dependence on carbohydrate catabolism. A compensatory increase in activities of two key mitochondrial enzymes (citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase) was found during prolonged hypoxia in control oysters but suppressed in Cd-exposed ones. Cd exposure also resulted in a significant increase in abundance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus levels during normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. Overall, Cd- and hypoxia-induced changes in metabolic profile, Cd accumulation and bacterial flora of oysters indicate that these stressors can synergistically impact energy homeostasis, performance and survival of oysters in polluted estuaries and have significant consequences for transfer of Cd and bacterial pathogens to the higher levels of the food chain.
Momentum Trading Through Reference Dependent Preferences

The endowment eect is a well-known behavioral regularity in which a person is less likely to trade a good when he is endowed with it. In their generalization of prospect theory to consumption bundles with multiple attributes, Tversky and Kahneman [1991] imply the endowment eect as a consequence of loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity in gains. It has since frequently been presumed that this form of reference dependent preferences will inhibit trade. However, in this paper it is demonstrated that loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity in gains also imply a dynamic momentum trading eect that increases exchange, so the net eect of such preferences on trading volume is ambiguous. In fact, the momentum trading eect is shown to completely cancel out the endowment eect in an important class of examples.
Rudeness at 911 Reconceptualizing Face and Face Attack

This article analyzes two telephone calls from citizens to a 911 center in a large city in the Western United States in which call-takers became angry and attacked the face of the callers. After reviewing past theoretical conceptualizations of face and face attack, the authors analyze the calls using a facework lens. Through a close study of the discourse, the authors show the subtle and blatant ways in which vocal delivery, substance and type of selected speech acts, second pair parts, and selected stance indicators do face attack. Then, they consider how context may contribute to the call-takers' usage of these problematic conversational strategies. The article concludes by assessing how notions of face and face attack would be reconceptualized if future research adopted the grounded practical theory frame that informs this 911 case study.
A Taxonomy for Texture Description and Identification

A central issue in computer vision is the problem of signal to symbol transformation. In the case of texture, which is an important visual cue, this problem has hitherto received very little attention. This book presents a solution to the signal to symbol transformation problem for texture. The symbolic de- scription scheme consists of a novel taxonomy for textures, and is based on appropriate mathematical models for different kinds of texture. The taxonomy classifies textures into the broad classes of disordered, strongly ordered, weakly ordered and compositional. Disordered textures are described by statistical mea- sures, strongly ordered textures by the placement of primitives, and weakly ordered textures by an orientation field. Compositional textures are created from these three classes of texture by using certain rules of composition. The unifying theme of this book is to provide standardized symbolic descriptions that serve as a descriptive vocabulary for textures. The algorithms developed in the book have been applied to a wide variety of textured images arising in semiconductor wafer inspection, flow visualization and lumber processing. The taxonomy for texture can serve as a scheme for the identification and description of surface flaws and defects occurring in a wide range of practical applications.
INTEGRITY IN ORGANIZATIONS : BEYOND HONESTY AND CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

In previous literature on employee selection, leadership, and organizational trust, scholars have identified integrity as a central aspect of work behavior. However, despite important contributions, their work often has confused integrity with other concepts (especially honesty and conscientiousness) and has treated integrity as either a morally neutral or relativistic phenomenon. The philosophy of “Objectivism” solves these problems by providing a definition of integrity that distinguishes the term from related concepts and by integrating integrity into an objective code of morality. I discuss the implications of this perspective for the study of integrity in organizations.
The disappearing income gradient in New York City birth outcomes: thirteen years of convergence from 1988 to 2001.

Objective. Income has long been identified as a potent determinant of infant mortality, yet little is known about the stability of its influence over time in defined populations. The objective of this study was to characterize trends in the income gradient in infant mortality in New York City from 1988 to 2001. Methods. An ecological analysis was conducted of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates in 30 health districts from 14 years (1988-2001) of birth cohorts of the 5 boroughs of New York City divided by quartile of income based on the 1990 census ( N = 1 692 721 births). Infant mortality (deaths occurring at Results. From 1988 to 2001, infant mortality in the highest income quartile in New York City fell 50.5% from 10.5 to 5.2, whereas in the lowest income quartile, it fell 62.6% from 17.4 to 6.5 per 1000 live births. The equivalent declines in neonatal mortality were 46.6% from 7.3 to 3.9 in the highest income quartile and 61.4% from 11.4 to 4.4 per 1000 live births in the lowest income quartile. For postneonatal mortality, rates fell 58.1% from 3.1 to 1.3 in the highest income quartile and 65% from 6 to 2.1 per 1000 live births in the lowest income quartile. Adjusted for covariates, relative to the highest income quartile, infant, neonatal, and postneonatal morality rates in the lowest income quartile declined 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.52 to −0.19), 0.20 (95% CI: −0.34 to −0.07), and 0.15 (95% CI: −0.23 to −0.07) per 1000 live births more per year. Conclusions. From 1988 to 2001, New York City witnessed a significant convergence in the income gradients of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates. Understanding the origins of this trend should constitute an important public policy priority.
Unleashing the Killer App: Digital Strategies for Market Dominance

Executive Overview This article presents of the book “Unleashing the Killer App: Digital Strategies for Market Dominance,” by Larry Downes and Chunka Mui.
MECHANISM OF SUPERCONTRACTION IN A STRIATED MUSCLE

The phenomenon of contraction of a striated muscle down to below 50 per cent rest length has been examined for the scutal depressor of the barnacle Balanus nubilus by a combination of phase contrast and electron microscopy. It was found that neurally evoked contraction down to 60 per cent rest length results from the shortening of the I band. At the same time the Z disc changes in structure by an active process which results in spaces opening up within it. Thick filaments can now pass through these spaces from adjacent sarcomeres, interdigitating across the discs. Interdigitation permits repetitive contraction in the living muscle to below 30 per cent rest length. In non-neurally evoked contractions most thick filaments do not find spaces in the Z disc and bend back, giving rise to contraction band artifacts. Expansion of the Z disc can be produced in glycerinated material by the addition of solutions containing a high concentration of ATP.
Regulation by HIV Rev depends upon recognition of splice sites.

Abstract The ability of the Rev protein of HIV to regulate the cytoplasmic level of unspliced RNA from a β-globin gene containing the Rev response element was dependent on the integrity of the 5′ and 3′ splice sites. A β-globin pre-mRNA containing the Rev response element is not under regulation by Rev but is made Rev responsive by a mutation at either the 5′ or 3′ splice site. These mutant RNAs accumulated in the nucleus as unspliced precursors owing to recognition by splicing components. Only in the presence of Rev did these unspliced RNAs appear in the cytoplasm. Thus, regulation by Rev probably involves the dissociation of splicing components and pre-mRNA.
Parallel-plate impedance sensing of moisture content in single seeds and grain kernels

The moisture content of single field corn, popcorn and peanut kernels, soybean seeds, single in-shell pecan nuts and pecan kernel halves were sensed by measuring the impedance of a small parallel-plate capacitor with the kernel, seed, or nut between and in contact with the plates at two frequencies between 1 and 5 MHz. Standard deviations of differences between moisture contents determined by the impedance measurements and those determined by over-drying reference methods ranged from 0.5 to 0.7% moisture. These levels are sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes. This performance was achieved on all lots tested with randomly selected kernels. Satisfactory results were obtained independently of shape and size variation among the kernels. >
On the relation between decision rules and perceptual representation in multidimensional perceptual categorization.

This article examines the relation between changing categorization decision rules and the nature of the underlying perceptual representation. Observers completed a matching task that required them to adjust the length and orientation of a single line stimulus until they perceived it to “match” a second line stimulus (Alfonso-Reese, 1996, 1997). The same observers then completed four categorization tasks with the same stimuli. Data from the matching task were used to estimate a perceptual representation for each stimulus and observer. Three hypotheses regarding potential interactions between categorization decision rules and perceptual representation were examined. One assumed that there was no interaction between decision rules and perceptual representation. The second assumed that linear categorization rules affect the perceptual representation differently from nonlinear categorization rules. The third assumed that dimensional integration rules affected the perceptual representation differently from decision rules that require the observer to set a criterion along one stimulus dimension while ignoring the other; this is referred to as decisional selective attention. The results suggested that (1) the matching task perceptual representation provided a good account of the categorization data, (2) decisional selective attention affected the perceptual representation differently from decisional integration, and (3) decisional selective attention generally decreased the perceptual variability along the attended dimension.
A micro variable inductor chip using MEMS relays

An adjustable inductor which is digitally controlled by microrelays has been made using combined surface and bulk micromachining technology. The microrelays were fabricated using a TaSi/sub 2//SiO/sub 2/ bimorph cantilever beam, a gold-to-gold electrical contact, aluminum as sacrificial layer, and a combined electrostatic and thermal actuation mechanism. The silicon substrate underneath the inductor region was etched out to reduce the substrate eddy current loss. Sixteen different inductance values ranging from 2.5 nH to 324.8 nH were obtained using four microrelays. The minimum self-resonant frequency is 1.9 GHz. The lowest measured thermal power and electrostatic voltage for the combined actuation of microrelays are 8.0 mW and 20 V, respectively. The measured contact resistance is typically 0.6 to 0.8 ohms.
$X$ -Pinch Radiography of Exploding “Cables”

Multiwire cables, defined as two or more fine wires twisted together to form a single continuous strand, are imaged using X-pinch radiography. The radiographs reveal axially repeating enhanced-density structures which appear to crisscross and dissipate into diffuse regions of lower density.
Results on SU(3) Gauge Theory in a Finite Volume

The semiclassical evaluation of the energy of ’t Hooft type electric flux for SU(N) gauge theories on a torus is given. Using the perturbative energy eigenvalues for SU(3), recently published by Weisz and Ziemann, we predict that a crossover in the energy of electric flux occurs when the length of the cubic volume equals 1.6 times the inverse 0++ glueball mass. A contradiction with previous Monte Carlo data by Berg e.a. is resolved by their new data, presented at this conference.
Universal screening for chronic hepatitis C virus

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects an estimated 123 million persons worldwide and is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in most countries. Approximately 75% of persons with chronic HCV were born between the years 1945-1965 and screening of patients in this birth cohort is now advocated. Unfortunately, these recommendations are not readily applied and a sizable population of infected persons who could benefit from treatment fall outside the birth cohort. Universal screening for HCV would be optimal. However, the primary limitation once patients are identified is accessing treatment which remains restricted in most countries.
A Missing Link in the History of American War Correspondents: James Morgan Bradford and The Time Piece of St. Francisville, Lousiana

Abstract James Morgan Bradford, publisher and editor of a tiny nineteenth-century newspaper in St. Francisville, Louisiana, filed an account of the Battle of New Orleans for that paper, The Time Piece, in January 1815, more than thirty years before George Wilkins Kendall sent back his reports on the Mexican War to the Picayune in New Orleans. A careful examination of early war correspondents and the characteristics they exhibited, along with a study of Bradford's actual report from the battlefield, shows Bradford fits the model of a war correspondent and can lay claim to being one of the first—if not the first—modern war correspondents. In addition, Bradford's accomplishment can be placed within the larger context of journalism because it also represents the beginning of the transition to timely, firsthand, fact-based reporting.
Response of Purine Metabolism and Cortical Oxygen Pressure to Hypoxia and Reoxygenation in Newborn Piglets

It has been proposed that the level of purine metabolites (particularly hypoxanthine) reflects the intracellular energy metabolism and can be used as sensitive, specific markers of response of tissue to hypoxic/ischemic conditions.26,27 Several studies have shown that hypoxic conditions cause breakdown of cellular nucleotides resulting in accumulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine4,7,8,28 and these metabolites can serve as oxidizable purine sub-strates for xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase. One of the possible mechanisms of tissue damage during reoxygenation following hypoxic/ischemic conditions is through genera-tion of free radicals by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reactions.1,5,615,16,24,29 Under hy-poxic/ischemic conditions the elevated cytosolic calcium concentration can activate a protease, calpain, which converts xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase.32 During posthypoxic reoxygenation xanthine oxidase catalyzes oxidation of xanthine to uric acid with formation of Superoxide radical O2 4,15,28. The Superoxide radical can further react with hydrogen peroxide produced in the same reaction and form hydroxyl radicals. Contribution of toxic oxygen metabolites from xanthine oxidase to tissue injury during reoxy-genation has been based particularly on studies showing that the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, such as allopurinol, decrease the postischemic injury of different tissues.9,19,20,21,24
An Effective Approach towards the Immobilization of PtSn Nanoparticles on Noncovalent Modified Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Ethanol Electrooxidation

In this article, we describe an effective method to tether Pt and PtSn nanoparticles (NPs) on polyelectrolyte modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for ethanol electrooxidation. By using a polymer wrapping technique, positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) was attached onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to provide preferential linking sites for metal precursors. Well-dispersed Pt and PtSn nanocrystals (2–5 nm) were subsequently decorated on PEI-functionalized MWCNTs through the polyol reduction method. The successful non-covalent modification of MWCNTs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Zeta potential measurements. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum indicates approximately 20 wt % Pt loading and a desirable Pt:Sn atomic ratio of 1:1. Electrochemical analysis demonstrated that the as-synthesized PtSn/PEI-MWCNTs nanocomposite exhibited improved catalytic activity and higher poison tolerance for ethanol oxidation as compared to Pt/PEI-MWCNTs and commercial Pt/XC-72 catalysts. The enhanced electrochemical performance may be attributed to the uniform dispersion of NPs as well as the mitigating of CO self-poisoning effect by the alloying of Sn element. This modification and synthetic strategy will be studied further to develop a diversity of carbon supported Pt-based hybrid nanomaterials for electrocatalysis.
Comparison of H → ℓ ℓ ̄ γ and H → γ Z, Z → ℓ ℓ ̄ including the ATLAS cuts

A precise comparison is made between the Dalitz decay $H\to\ell\bar{\ell}\gamma$ and the two body decay $H\to\gamma Z,Z\to\ell\bar{\ell}$ for electrons and for muons including experimental cuts appropriate for the ATLAS detector. The widths for these two processes differ by 8% for electrons and 3% for muons. Given that there remain QCD radiative corrections of this order that are not included, this suggests that the isolation of the Dalitz decay will be challenging.
Psychological and Investigative Pathways to Untrue Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse

When an allegation of child sexual abuse is made, law enforcement often immediately becomes involved and some kind of investigation regarding the child’s allegations is undertaken. O’Donohue, Benuto, and Fanetti (2010) previously proposed a systematic model of pathways to false allegations whereby they identified two major pathways to a false allegation of child sexual abuse: (1) the child is lying and (2) the child has a false memory due to his or her problems in information processing. In this chapter, we discuss this model alongside additional sub-pathways that could lead to a false allegation. In particular, we discuss in much more detail the possible role of child psychopathology in the genesis of false allegations.
The intraperitoneal transfusion of citrated blood

These results are based on a study of over 100 rabbits. Freshly citrated blood was injected immediately into the peritoneal cavity of normal and anemic rabbits. In several instances, citrated pigeon's cells were introduced into the abdominal cavity of rabbits. All the animals were subjected to careful blood studies. They were killed and autopsied at the end of each series of experiments.We think that freshly citrated blood injected into the peritoneal cavity of rabbits is absorbed, because:1. Autopsies at various intervals following the operation show that the quantity present in the abdominal cavity rapidly decreases in amount, and that absorption of comparatively large amounts of blood (one-fifth of the total blood volume) is complete in 3-4 hours.2. Estimations of blood values show definite increase from the time the blood is transfused until the animal is killed.We think that erythrocytes enter the blood without undergoing any morphological changes, because:1. Smears, taken at the autopsy, of the flui...
Proximity, Ethical Dilemmas, and Community Research Workers

Background: In community-engaged research (CEnR), recruitment and data collection are often assigned to community research workers (CRWs). CRWs are hired because of close ties with target communities and presumed greater success recruiting and gathering data from marginalized populations. The value conflicts and personal stress facing CRWs have been described in the international context; however, less attention has been paid to these issues in U.S. settings. Methods: Qualitative interviews were held with CRWs about their experiences with CEnR. Interviews were transcribed and coded using Atlas.ti. Results: The data indicate that CRWs working in settings controlled by the participants, such as neighborhood streets and participant homes, are more likely to face conflicts between following the norms of research and meeting what they perceive to be their everyday obligations to help specific others (duties of relational ethics) and to keep themselves safe. This suggests that “physical proximity” (understood a...
Video display terminals: risk of electromagnetic radiation.

BACKGROUND Technologic advances have led to increased use of computers at home and in the workplace. It is estimated that more than 100 million workers in the United States and Canada will be using computers daily by the year 2000. Anecdotal reports have suggested a link between video display terminals (VDTs) and disease. This has generated much concern about whether electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by VDTs cause illness among users. METHODS We reviewed pertinent articles in the literature. RESULTS Several studies have addressed the role of VDTs in disease causation, specifically whether EMR causes skin or ocular disease or obstetric complications. The data reviewed were inconsistent or methodically flawed. Therefore, a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn to support the hypothesis that EMR produced by VDTs causes disease. CONCLUSIONS We believe continued research should be done to further define and elucidate the risk of EMR produced by VDTs.
International Medical Graduate Physician Training in American Psychiatry: Where We Are and Where We Are Going

In the physician workforce of the United States, international graduates are disproportionately overrepresented in psychiatric facilities and also in general geographic locations where graduates of medical schools in the United States and Canada are less likely to practice. To enter psychiatric environments in the United States and Canada, international trainees require considerable knowledge about how programs have historically regarded international applicants and how the training of cultures, values, and ethical practices will work in the programs to which they are accepted. To practice education that is centered on international medical graduate physicians, academic faculty members need to know local hiring regulations and be familiar with the quality of medical schools from which applicants apply. Such education also requires considerable cultural sensitivity to help less-acculturated trainees master psychiatry competencies and the cultural contexts in which they train. This chapter will help prepare interested learners, faculty members, and other stakeholders to better achieve quality outcomes in postgraduate psychiatric education and training for international physicians.
Preparing every nurse to become an HIV nurse.

Background There are currently over 1.2 million people in the United States living with HIV, and that number is increasing. Because persons infected are living longer, they must deal with numerous comorbidities complicated by underlying HIV disease. This may require frequent healthcare visits. The majority of new nurses will not be working in positions focused on HIV care, however many nurses will find themselves called upon to care for patients living with HIV regardless of their employment setting. Unfortunately, as the HIV/AIDS epidemic has faded from the headlines, HIV/AIDS education has decreased in most nursing schools, and undergraduate students receive minimal education about HIV/AIDS. Many nursing students nearing graduation report feeling unprepared to care for patients with HIV. This lack of preparation results from lack of knowledge, which can perpetuate fear and stigmatizing attitudes towards people living with HIV.
Goldilocks Meets Private Equity: Taxing Carried Interest Just Right

Controversy rages about how to tax carried interest. One view sees carry as compensation that should be taxed like other labor income. Another sees carry as a reward for financial risk-taking that should be taxed like capital income. A third sees carry as creating a costly tax arbitrage. In this paper, Donald Marron shows how we can reconcile these three views. Current practice taxes carry too little. Treating it as labor income without other reforms taxes it too much. To tax carried interest just right, it should be labor income for managers and deductible against ordinary income for investors.
Should Cerebral Oximetry Be Employed in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

A 40-year-old morbidly obese male, body mass index (BMI) 60, with complications including obstructive sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and type II diabetes mellitus, is undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass weight loss surgery. He has a large neck circumference and a Mallampati score of 3. Difficult intubation is anticipated, so the plan is to proceed with fiberoptic laryngoscopy. A near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) cerebral oximeter is placed on the patient’s forehead to monitor cerebral venous saturation (rScO2); his baseline is 73 %. Peripheral intravenous lines are placed under ultrasound guidance.
Normobaric hypoxia effects on balance measured by computerized dynamic posturography

Abstract Wagner, Dale R., Skyler Saunders, Brady Robertson, and John E. Davis. Normobaric hypoxia effects on balance measured by computerized dynamic posturography. High Alt Med Biol. 17:222–227, 2016.—Background/Aim: Equilibrium was measured by computerized dynamic posturography at varying levels of normobaric hypoxia before and after exercise. Methods: Following a familiarization trial, 12 males (27.3 ± 7.1 years) completed three sessions in random order on a NeuroCom SMART Balance Master: a sham trial at the ambient altitude of 1500 m and simulated altitudes of 3000 and 5000 m created by a hypoxic generator. The NeuroCom provided composite scores for a sensory organization test of equilibrium and a motor control test to assess the appropriate motor response. Additional information on somatosensory, visual, and vestibular responses was obtained. Each session consisted of 20 minutes of rest followed by the NeuroCom test, then 10 minutes of exercise, and 10 minutes of recovery followed by a second NeuroCo...
Combined Anterolateral Thigh and Tensor Fasciae Latae Flaps: An Option for Reconstruction of Large Head and Neck Defects

Purpose The advent of microvascular free tissue transfer has provided the reconstructive surgeon with an enormous array of treatment options for reconstruction of large head and neck defects. However, when indicated by defect size, the need for more than 1 flap not only increases surgical complexity but also patient morbidity. The combination of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap and the tensor fascia latae (TFL) flap can be used to reconstruct such complex head and neck defects, thereby minimizing any additional morbidity that would be imposed by an additional flap harvest site. The present study reports on the use of the combined ALT-TFL flap to reconstruct large and complex head and neck defects. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of all microvascular head and neck reconstructions performed by the Maxillofacial Tumor and Reconstructive Surgery Service at the University of Miami/Jackson Health System (Miami, FL) from 2013 through 2016. Inclusion criteria for the study were head and neck defects at least 20 m × 10 cm and reconstruction with soft tissue flaps using perforating vasculature to the TFL and ALT vascular territories. Other study data included disease history, location of defect, flap size, recipient vessels, harvest time, ischemia time, surgical complications, and overall flap survival. Results Seven patients met the inclusion criteria. Five patients were treated for the diagnosis of stage III osteoradionecrosis and 2 patients underwent reconstruction in conjunction with ablative surgery for head and neck carcinoma. All 7 patients underwent successful head and neck reconstructions using the ALT-TFL flap. There was no partial or total flap failure. One patient had a wound healing complication at the donor site that did not require surgical intervention. Conclusion Reconstruction of a large head and neck soft tissue defect with a combined ALT-TFL flap is a reliable method with minimal donor site morbidity and no major postoperative complications. This combined flap should be considered when the defect size extends beyond the bounds allowed by the ALT flap alone.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in a Large Military Sample

Prior studies examining posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters and the components of the interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) have yielded mixed results, likely stemming in part from the use of divergent samples and measurement techniques. This study aimed to expand on these findings by utilizing a large military sample, gold standard ITS measures, and multiple PTSD factor structures. Utilizing a sample of 935 military personnel, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the association between PTSD symptom clusters and the ITS variables. Additionally, we tested for indirect effects of PTSD symptom clusters on suicidal ideation through thwarted belongingness, conditional on levels of perceived burdensomeness. Results indicated that numbing symptoms are positively associated with both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness and hyperarousal symptoms (dysphoric arousal in the 5-factor model) are positively associated with thwarted belongingness. Results also indicated that hyperarousal symptoms (anxious arousal in the 5-factor model) were positively associated with fearlessness about death. The positive association between PTSD symptom clusters and suicidal ideation was inconsistent and modest, with mixed support for the ITS model. Overall, these results provide further clarity regarding the association between specific PTSD symptom clusters and suicide risk factors.
Examining Empowerment, Family–School Partnerships, and Advocacy Among Rural and Urban Latino Families of Children With Disabilities:

Latino students and their families are the fastest growing minority group in the country, yet it is unclear whether rural (vs. urban) Latino families of students with disabilities have different ne...
Surgery and Postoperative Radiotherapy

There is no universally accepted standard therapy for malignant mesothelioma of the pleura. Studies evaluating the efficacy of singlemodality treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery alone have not consistently demonstrated a significant prolongation of survival. Patients usually die from pulmonary complications because advanced local disease restricts diaphragmatic and intercostal muscle function, leading to pneumonia and subsequent sepsis. As a result, research efforts focus on local control. Surgery is the single most effective manner of achieving immediate local control. Debate has existed over the role of extrapleural pneumonectomy versus pleurectomy/decortication. However, complete surgical resection of all gross tumor is possible only with extrapleural pneumonectomy for disease higher than stage I (stage II includes lung invasion). Since the majority of surgical candidates are in the stage II and III categories, extrapleural pneumonectomy is required in the majority of cases to achieve complete resection of all gross tumor. Surgery alone, however, does not yield satisfactory results. Therefore, combined modality therapy has included surgery and radiation in an effort to achieve optimal local control.
Sub-Diffraction Feature Size in Conventional I-Line Photoresists

Applying a technique from super-resolution microscopy to photolithography, we achieve feature sizes below the diffraction limit. Using conventional i-line photoresists exposed with near UV, we demonstrate individual feature sizes below 100 nm.
Intelligent Weld Manufacturing: Role of Integrated Computational Welding Engineering

A master welder uses his sensory perceptions to evaluate the process and connect them with his/her knowledge base to take the necessary corrective measures with his/her acquired skills to make a good weld. All these actions must take place in real time. Success depends on intuition and skills, and the procedure is labor-intensive and frequently unreliable. The solution is intelligent weld manufacturing. The ultimate goal of intelligent weld manufacturing would involve sensing and control of heat source position, weld temperature, weld penetration, defect formation and ultimately control of microstructure and properties. This involves a solution to a problem (welding) with many highly coupled and nonlinear variables. The trend is to use an emerging tool known as intelligent control. This approach enables the user to choose a desirable end factor such as properties, defect control, or productivity to derive the selection of process parameters such as current, voltage, or speed to provide for appropriate control of the process. Important elements of intelligent manufacturing are sensing and control theory and design, process modeling, and artificial intelligence. Significant progress has been made in all these areas. Integrated computational welding engineering (ICWE) is an emerging field that will aid in the realization of intelligent weld manufacturing. The paper will discuss the progress in process modeling, microstructure, properties, and process control and automation and the importance of ICWE. Also, control and automation strategies for friction stir welding will be discussed.
Towards Improving (Meta)cognition by Adapting to Student Uncertainty in Tutorial Dialogue

We hypothesize that enhancing computer tutors to respond to student uncertainty over and above correctness is one method for increasing both student learning and self-monitoring abilities. We test this hypothesis using spoken data from both wizarded and fully-automated versions of a spoken tutorial dialogue system, where tutor responses to uncertain and/or incorrect student answers were manipulated. Although we find no significant improvement in metacognitive metrics (computed using speech and language information) when responding to uncertainty and incorrectness as compared to when responding only to incorrectness, we find that some metacognitive metrics significantly correlate with student learning. Our results suggest that monitoring and responding to student uncertainty has the potential to improve both cognitive and metacognitive student abilities.
Damage Reconstruction from Tri-Dexel Data for Laser-Aided Repairing of Metallic Components

The laser-assisted additive manufacturing process for component repair requires the repair volume to generate the tool path for building up specific material in the worn area. This paper introduces a damage reconstruction algorithm benefits from tri-dexel modeling. At first, nominal and damaged models were acquired through robot-aided 3D scanning process. Then, damaged models were aligned with nominal models by aligning the associated features using the least-squares method. The area covering the defective region was manually selected, and the minimum bounding box of the area was defined and subsequently sliced into a number of grids according to a user-defined grid interval. After that, rays were projected from each grid node in three orthogonal directions to intersect the selected region of nominal and damaged models. Point set in the damaged zone was extracted by comparing intersections of rays with nominal and damaged models. STereoLithography model of damage was reconstructed based on extracted point cloud using Screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction algorithm. Reconstructed damage was compared with real damage to test the accuracy of the damage reconstruction process. Regained damage was sliced into layers to generate the tool path for material deposition. Repair experiments were conducted to deposit materials in the defective area. Illustrating examples were implemented at last to test the functionality and reliability of the proposed methodology.
A Rare Case of Colonic Metastases From Tonsillar Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of Literature.

The incidence of tonsillar cancer has increased by four times in the United States over the last few decades likely due to recent increase in human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. The stage of the tumor predicts likelihood of metastasis, with advanced stages associated with higher chances of metastasis. The squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck commonly metastasize to the lung, bone and liver in descending order. Tonsillar cancer rarely involves the small bowel and our review of the literature did not reveal any reported case of metastasis to the colon/large bowel. Our patient had locally metastatic tonsillar cancer, treated with partial pharyngectomy and selective neck dissection but later developed several bone and colonic metastases concurrently, likely secondary to hematogeneous dissemination after a few months of therapy. To the best of our knowledge, large bowel metastasis from head and neck SCC has never been reported in the literature. In these patients presenting with atypical gastrointestinal symptoms, a high index of suspicion should be maintained to determine the extent of metastasis and identify other metastatic sites. World J Oncol. 2018;9(1):35-37 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjon1073w
Fetoscopic Therapy for Severe Pulmonary Hypoplasia in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A First in Prenatal Regenerative Medicine at Mayo Clinic.

Abstract Objective To introduce the prenatal regenerative medicine service at Mayo Clinic for fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) care for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Patients and Methods Two cases of prenatal management of severe CDH with FETO between January and August 2017 are reported. Per protocol, FETO was offered for life-threatening severe CDH at between 26 and 29 weeks' gestation. Regenerative outcome end point was fetal lung growth. Gestational age at procedure and maternal and perinatal outcomes were additional monitored parameters. Results Diagnosis by ultrasonography of severe CDH was based on extremely reduced lung size (observed-to-expected lung area to head circumference ratio [o/e-LHR], eg, o/e-LHR of 20.3% for fetus 1 and 23.0% for fetus 2) along with greater than one-third of the liver herniated into the chest in both fetuses. Both patients underwent successful FETO at 28 weeks. At the time of intervention, no maternal or fetal complications were observed. Postintervention, fetal lung growth was observed in both fetuses, reaching an o/e-LHR of 62.7% at 36 weeks in fetus 1 and 52.4% at 32 weeks in fetus 2. The balloons were removed successfully at 35 weeks and 4 days by ultrasound-guided puncture in the first patient and at 32 weeks and 3 days by ex utero intrapartum therapy-to-airway procedure in the second patient. Postnatal management followed standard of care with patch CDH therapy. At discharge, one patient was breathing normally, whereas the other required minimal nasal cannula oxygen support. Conclusion The successful launch of the first fetoscopic therapy for CDH at Mayo Clinic reveals its feasibility and safety, with early signs of benefit documented by fetal lung growth and reversal of severe pulmonary hypoplasia. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: G170062.
Methods for Madness: Formalization and Automation of Generative Processes in ’Class 1’ Creative Design

Creative design is a non-deterministic but goal-directed process of search through a broad problem space of hypothetical artifacts. Creative design is an understudied topic in design science and computer science. The paucity of knowledge about creative design contributes to certain fundamental limitations in formal design models. Procedural computing principles offer a powerful means to facilitate discovery and innovation in knowledge-based design. Issues surrounding the development of procedural design systems are elaborated.
Muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidyl ethanolamine encapsulated in liposomes (L-MTP-PE) in the treatment of osteosarcoma

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used for decades as an immune stimulant to treat cancer. Early work by Fidler and Kleinerman identified muramyl dipeptide (MDP) as a critical component of the BCG cell wall which retained most of the immunostimulatory properties of the native BCG. Addition of a peptide to MDP resulted in muramyl tripeptide (MTP) which allowed incorporation into liposomal membranes. The resulting pharmaceutical, liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine (L-MTP-PE or mifamurtide) showed activity in preclinical models of human cancers. Phase I studies documented the safety of the compound for human administration. These trials did not reach a maximally tolerated dose (MTD), and the dose chosen for phase II trials was a biologically optimized dose, not an MTD. Phase II studies showed decreased risk of further recurrence in patients who received mifamurtide after surgical ablation of metastatic osteosarcoma. A phase III prospective randomized trial demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the risk of death from osteosarcoma when MTP was added to systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of localized osteosarcoma. The same trial allowed treatment of patients who presented with initially metastatic disease. While the overall and event-free survival was improved in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma who received L-MTP-PE, the sample size was small and the improvement did not achieve conventional statistical significance. From 2008 to 2012, patients with metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma were given L-MTP-PE in an expanded access trial, and the results suggest a decreased risk of subsequent recurrence and death with the inclusion of L-MTP-PE in the treatment strategy for these high-risk patients.
The Forcing Convexity Number of a Graph

For two vertices u and v of a connected graph G, the set I(u,v) consists of all those vertices lying on a u-v geodesic in G. For a set S of vertices of G, the union of all sets I(u,v) for u, v ∈ S is denoted by I(S). A set S is a convex set if I(S) = S. The convexity number con(G) of G is the maximum cardinality of a proper convex set of G. A convex set S in G with |S| = con(G) is called a maximum convex set. A subset T of a maximum convex set S of a connected graph G is called a forcing subset for S if S is the unique maximum convex set containing T. The forcing convexity number f(S, con) of S is the minimum cardinality among the forcing subsets for S, and the forcing convexity number f(G, con) of G is the minimum forcing convexity number among all maximum convex sets of G. The forcing convexity numbers of several classes of graphs are presented, including complete bipartite graphs, trees, and cycles. For every graph G, f(G, con) ⩽con(G). It is shown that every pair a, b of integers with 0 ⩽ a ⩽ b and b ⩾ is realizable as the forcing convexity number and convexity number, respectively, of some connected graph. The forcing convexity number of the Cartesian product of H × K 2 for a nontrivial connected graph H is studied.
Developing a Model of Psychiatric Visit Non-Adherence

Non-adherence to psychiatry visits costs the US mental health care system more than one hundred billion dollars annually [1]. Non-adherent visits undermine improvements to patient care quality, erode patient well-being, and prevent the effective use of technology driven improvements to health care quality. Psychiatric visit non-attendance is often perceived as an intractable problem, because of the direction taken in previous studies of the problem. Previous research into the issue of visit non-adherence focus either on specific patient demographics or on redundant scheduling methods, neither of which addresses quality of care issues or the development of useful tools to decrease visit non-adherence. This formative study addressed the issue of visit non-adherence by leveraging readily available electronic billing and scheduling system data, as well as data from an EMR, to identify and analyze a set of determinants of visit non-adherence. Three strategies, statistical analysis, machine learning/data mining and model comparison, were utilized in the analysis. Results from this multi-phase study provide a parsimonious set of visit non-adherence determinants and a useful model based on those determinants capable of supporting the development of predictive tools suitable for use in ambulatory health care services delivery. Key words: Adherence, adherent appointment, outpatient appointment, non-adherent visits, predictive model, predictive tool.
Energy transfer in phenylene ethynylene dendrimers

Ultrafast energy transfer in phenylene ethynylene dendrons has been investigated using both transient absorption and fluorescence up-conversion. The nature of electronic excitations and the mechanisms directing the excitation energy to the trap are discussed.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Other Lung Diseases

In 1987, nitric oxide was reported to be an endothelium-dependent relaxing factor. When inhaled as a gas at low levels, nitric oxide selectively dilates the pulmonary circulation. Significant systemic vasodilation does not occur because nitric oxide is inactivated by rapidly binding to hemoglobin. In an injured lung with pulmonary hypertension, inhaled nitric oxide produces local vasodilation of well-ventilated lung units and may "steal" blood flow away from unventilated regions. This reduces intrapulmonary shunting and may improve systemic arterial oxygenation. In patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome, inhaled nitric oxide reduces pulmonary hypertension and improves arterial oxygenation without reducing systemic arterial pressure. Tachyphylaxis to nitric oxide inhalation has not been observed. While additional chronic toxicology studies need to be performed, significant pulmonary toxicity has not been observed at low inhaled concentrations (< 80 parts per million by volume). Potentially, inhaled nitric oxide may be a valuable therapy in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Exploring the Relationship Between Attentional Capture and Prior Knowledge in a Science-Based Multi-user Virtual Environment: an Individual Growth Model Analysis

In this study, we investigate trends in the relationship between what students know and the types of data that capture their attention over time in a science-based multi-user virtual environment. Longitudinal analyses of the patterns of data collected by 143 middle school students (nested within 5 teachers) showed that student prior knowledge was marginally (p < .10) related to variation in the attentional value (visibility and location) of data they collected over time, explaining about 2% of said variation. By contrast, accounting for the clustering of students by teacher was statistically significantly (p < .05) related to variation in trends in attentional values and explained 36% of said variation.