cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of NEUROSPECT reconstruction algorithms: deterministic and statistical errors

The authors have recently developed a novel iterative reconstruction algorithm (IRA) for the reconstruction of images from projection data which have been degraded by convolution of the true radioactivity distribution with a finite-resolution distance-dependent detector response. When the reconstructed images from 25 or 50 statistically independent noisy realizations were averaged, there was a slight degradation relative to the noise-free case. Although the performance of the IRA was still far superior to that of filtered backprojection for a single realization in the presence of noise, there was a further degradation for an IRA image reconstructed from a single noisy realization. In order to determine a strategy for reducing this degradation, the authors present an analysis of the three components (two of which are deterministic and one of which is statistical) which contribute to the overall error. >
Publication bias in clinical trials of electronic health records

Objective: To measure the rate of non-publication and assess possible publication bias in clinical trials of electronic health records. Methods: We searched ClinicalTrials.gov to identify registered clinical trials of electronic health records and searched the biomedical literature and contacted trial investigators to determine whether the results of the trials were published. Publications were judged as positive, negative, or neutral according to the primary outcome. Results: Seventy-six percent of trials had publications describing trial results; of these, 74% were positive, 21% were neutral, and 4% were negative (harmful). Of unpublished studies for which the investigator responded, 43% were positive, 57% were neutral, and none were negative; the lower rate of positive results was significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The rate of non-publication in electronic health record studies is similar to that in other biomedical studies. There appears to be a bias toward publication of positive trials in this domain.
Electricity and magnetism: Insights into the brain from multimodal imaging

The windows into brain function given us by the instruments of neuroimaging each are murky and their view is limited. Simultaneous collection of data from multiple modalities offers the potential to overcome the weaknesses of any tool alone. We argue that the combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers observations - and hypothesis testing - not possible using either single instrument.
MoBiLe files and efficient processing of path queries on scientific data

Efforts in database design for observational scientific data concerned with path query specification and an access method design are discussed. The goal is to understand the issues related to scientific data and computations. The authors propose a representation of path queries and an access method, MoBiLe files, to capture space-time continuity. A survey on spatial indexing methods is given. The model of scientific data and computation is described. An example of scientific databases is also given. Path queries are then specified. The MoBiLe mapping functions and MoBiLe file design are described. The experiment used to verify the access methods and the data model are outlined. The experimental results and this observation and analysis are presented. >
Amino-terminal cysteine residues of RGS16 are required for palmitoylation and modulation of Gi- and Gq-mediated signaling.

RGS proteins (Regulators of G protein Signaling) are a recently discovered family of proteins that accelerate the GTPase activity of heterotrimeric G protein a subunits of the i, q, and 12 classes. The proteins share a homologous core domain but have divergent amino-terminal sequences that are the site of palmitoylation for RGS-GAIP and RGS4. We investigated the function of palmitoylation for RGS16, which shares conserved amino-terminal cysteines with RGS4 and RGS5. Mutation of cysteine residues at residues 2 and 12 blocked the incorporation of [ 3 H]palmitate into RGS16 in metabolic labeling studies of transfected cells or into purified RGS proteins in a cell-free palmitoylation assay. The purified RGS16 proteins with the cysteine mutations were still able to act as GTPase-activating protein for Gia. Inhibition or a decrease in palmitoylation did not significantly change the amount of protein that was membrane-associated. However, palmitoylation-defective RGS16 mutants demonstrated impaired ability to inhibit both Giand Gq-linked signaling pathways when expressed in HEK293T cells. These findings suggest that the aminoterminal region of RGS16 may affect the affinity of these proteins for Ga subunits in vivo or that palmitoylation localizes the RGS protein in close proximity to Ga subunits on cellular membranes.
Sources and Implications of Maternal Accuracy About Young Adolescents’ Vulnerability to Friendship Jealousy

To assist effectively with social difficulties, parents must accurately understand the peer situations that are difficult for their child. Mothers' insight into their young adolescent's vulnerability to friendship jealousy was assessed by posing identical vignettes to 72 young adolescents and their mothers and matching their responses. Mothers and children also completed questionnaires on their relationship and the child's adjustment. Mothers as a group were poor judges of their child's jealousy, but considerable variability existed. Accuracy was greater when mother-child pairs were closer. Polynomial regression and response surface analyses indicated that maternal accuracy could dampen the friendship and aggression risks otherwise associated with being vulnerable to jealousy.
The process of disengaging from online learning community revealed through examination of threaded discussions

The disengaging process is an important aspect of the lifecycle of distributed collaborative pursuits such as virtual groups, online social networking, and e-learning. To explore the disengaging process in online learning, this research analysed 667 discussion board posts made by a close community of e-learners during the final 1.5 years of their time together in a graduate degree programme. Using a model of disengaging to frame a qualitative analysis of the posts reveals findings about the ways the students change their roles as they near the time of graduation, and demonstrates the complex inter-relationship of elements of the disengaging model that emerges as the students shift their focus away from the online learning community.
The uncertainty principle: global, local, or both?

We address the issue of the relation between local quantities and the uncertainty principle. We approach the problem by defining local quantities as conditional standard deviations, and we relate these to the uncertainty product appearing in the standard uncertainty principle. We show that the uncertainty product for the average local standard deviations is always less than or equal to the standard uncertainty product and that it can be arbitrarily small. We apply these results to the short-time Fourier transform/spectrogram to explore the commonly held notion that the uncertainty principle somehow limits local quantities. We show that, indeed, for the spectrogram, there is a lower bound on the local uncertainty product of the spectrogram due to the windowing operation of this method. This limitation is an inherent property of the spectrogram and is not a property of the signal or a fundamental limit. We also examine the local uncertainty product for a large class of time-frequency distributions that satisfy the usual uncertainty principle, including the Wigner distribution, the Choi-Williams distribution, and many other commonly used distributions. We obtain an expression for the local uncertainty product in terms of the signal and show that for these distributions, the local uncertainty product is less than that of the spectrogram and can be arbitrarily small. Extension of our approach to an entropy formulation of the uncertainty principle is also considered.
Highly constrained backprojection for time-resolved MRI

Recent work in k-t BLAST and undersampled projection angiography has emphasized the value of using training data sets obtained during the acquisition of a series of images. These techniques have used iterative algorithms guided by the training set information to reconstruct time frames sampled at well below the Nyquist limit. We present here a simple non-iterative unfiltered backprojection algorithm that incorporates the idea of a composite image consisting of portions or all of the acquired data to constrain the backprojection process. This significantly reduces streak artifacts and increases the overall SNR, permitting decreased numbers of projections to be used when acquiring each image in the image time series. For undersampled 2D projection imaging applications, such as cine phase contrast (PC) angiography, our results suggest that the angular undersampling factor, relative to Nyquist requirements, can be increased from the present factor of 4 to about 100 while increasing SNR per individual time frame. Results are presented for a contrast-enhanced PR HYPR TRICKS acquisition in a volunteer using an angular undersampling factor of 75 and a TRICKS temporal undersampling factor of 3 for an overall undersampling factor of 225.
Properties of the MZOS surface wave convolver configuration

The MZOS (metal-zinc oxide-silicon dioxide-silicon) structure is investigated in order to provide a phenomenological understanding of the charge transfer and trapping properties of the zinc oxide layer. Results of fast-ramp measurements of capacitance versus voltage are presented, and on the basis of these results, some biasing and operating procedures are suggested to make effective use of the memory capabilities of this configuration or to avoid unwanted memory effects. A technique for optical imaging is described which offers several advantages over other surface wave imaging techniques. Finally, some potential applications are mentioned.
Transcriptional mechanism of COMP gene expression and chondrogenesis.

340 Gene cis-elements (such as promoters, enhancers and locus control regions) and trans-elements (such as transcription factors, chromatin-remodeling complexes, and histonemodification enzymes) come together to orchestrate a finely tuned sequence of events that results in the complex pattern of tissue specific gene expression that is observed during chondrocyte development. Our laboratory has identified transcriptional regulators of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) gene expression. COMP encodes a noncollagenous extracellular matrix protein whose expression marks a variety of musculoskeletal tissues, including chondrocytes, tenocytes, ligament cells, and osteoblasts. To understand the mechanisms controlling this differentiation process, we cloned 1.9 kilobases of the 5a flanking sequence of the promoter region of the murine COMP gene. We then delineated a negative regulatory element (NRE) and a proximal positive region (PPR) in the COMP promoter from a series of reporter gene and gel mobility shift assays 1,2 . A
Mobilizable intracellular pool of p55 (type I) tumor necrosis factor receptors in human neutrophils

The distribution of type I (p55) and type II (p7.� tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNF-Rs) in hu- man polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) was ana- lyzed by Western blotting of subcellular fractions ob- tamed by centrifugation of PMN cavitates on Percoll density gradients. In resting PMNs, the p55 receptor was associated with both 'y and /3 fractions, enriched in plasma membranes and specific granules, respectively, whereas the p75 TNF-R was located only in the 'y frac- tion. Intracellular p55 TNF-R bound 123I-labeled TNF in a ligand blot assay and migrated as a diffuse band of 46-60 kd, similar to the plasma membrane receptor. Acti- �ration of PMNs with the chemoattractant N-formyl- methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), in conditions that induced the selective release of the tertiary granule marker gelatinase, caused the shedding of most of mem- brane p55 TNF-R as a 28-kd soluble form but had little effect on the distribution of the receptors in 13 fractions. By contrast, when specific granule secretion was induced in the presence of cytochalasin B, a marked decrease in reactivity of /3 fractions with anti-p55 TNF-R antibody was observed. At the same time, the amount of soluble 28-kd fragment found in the supernatant was increased. Thus, the intracellular pool of p55 TNF-R is associated with functional secretory granules and is redistributed in response to PMN activation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 52: 122-124; i992
What Drives Dodd-Frank Act Compliance Cost for Private Funds?

This study assesses the effects of Dodd-Frank Act compliance costs on the private fund industry. Using hand-selected compliance cost estimates from private fund advisers (N=94) the study shows with two independent datasets that the number of funds managed by private fund advisers is associated with Dodd-Frank Act compliance cost. The size of registered private fund advisers as measured by assets under management is not associated with the per-unit cost of Title IV compliance and other independent variables as proxies for cost. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the cost of financial regulation under the Dodd-Frank Act brings increasing returns to scale. Private fund advisers’ use of single versus multiple investment strategies does not have an effect on Title IV compliance costs.
Quantification of tensile damage evolution in additive manufactured austenitic stainless steels

Abstract This study aims to quantify the material behavior, mechanical response, damage evolution and fracture characteristics of an austenitic stainless steel fabricated by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™). An internal state variable (ISV) plasticity-damage model is used to capture the effects of microstructural features, associated with the manufacturing process, on mechanical properties.
Reading a Blog When Empowered to Comment: Posting, Lurking, and Non-Interactive Reading

How do readers who are able to post responses on a political blog (“interactive readers”) differ in their navigation and comprehension from “noninteractive” readers who are not empowered to post? In this study, a nonpartisan political blog was populated with news content about the then-upcoming 2012 U.S. presidential election. Seventy participants recruited from the Internet were randomly assigned to be either interactive or noninteractive readers. The ability to post affected readers' navigation of the site and comprehension of the news content on the blog: Interactive readers spent significantly longer on the site and performed significantly better on an inference verification task than noninteractive readers. A second set of analyses compared lurkers (those who are able to post but do not) with the posters and readers. Lurkers' navigation and comprehension were more similar to the noninteractive readers' but were not identical; lurkers performed better on the inference task than noninteractive readers....
Operating Experience With Five Sulzer Gas Turbine-Compressor Modules in an Off-Shore Gas Lift Application

This paper covers the first two years of industrial operation of five gasturbine-compressor modules operating on a gas-lift platform in the Gulf of Suez. It includes a short description of the installation and of the organization Sulzer has set-up to comply with their maintenance operating contract scheduled for five years of operation. Two major technical problems, one of the gasturbine and the other on the compressor are described in detail as well as the counter measures taken. Results of the first 12,000 hr inspection of a Type S3 gasturbine in off-shore duty as well as the 7% up-rating introduced during the inspection period are mentioned. A detailed operational survey has been carried out during 23 months enabling us to produce confirmed results on utilization, availability and reliability of the turbine-compressor modules.© 1982 ASME
Populations of Boll Weevil in Selected Fields in Arizona in 1965 and 1966

Surveys of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in selected cottonfields in Arizona in 1965 and 1966 indicated infestations of the boll weevil were widespread. Populations were greater in 1965 than in 1966, and larger populations occurred in stub cotton than in planted cotton. The boll weevil complex in cultivated cotton in Arizona attacks bolls throughout the season. Large populations of potential overwintering weevils in bolls were destroyed with stalk shredders and clean plowing.
Excessive folic acid intake and relation to adverse health outcome

The recent increase in the intake of folic acid by the general public through fortified foods and supplements, has raised safety concern based on early reports of adverse health outcome in elderly with low B12 status who took high doses of folic acid. These safety concerns are contrary to the 2015 WHO statement that "high folic acid intake has not reliably been shown to be associated with negative healeffects". In the folic acid post-fortification era, we have shown that in elderly participants in NHANES 1999-2002, high plasma folate level is associated with exacerbation of both clinical (anemia and cognitive impairment) and biochemical (high MMA and high Hcy plasma levels) signs of vitamin B12 deficiency. Adverse clinical outcomes in association with high folate intake were also seen among elderly with low plasma B12 levels from the Framingham Original Cohort and in a study from Australia which combined three elderly cohorts. Relation between high folate and adverse biochemical outcomes were also seen in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (High Hcy, high MMA and lower TC2) and at an outpatient clinic at Yale University where high folate is associated with higher MMA in the elderly but not in the young. Potential detrimental effects of high folic acid intake may not be limited to the elderly nor to those with B12 deficiency. A study from India linked maternal high RBC folate to increased insulin resistance in offspring. Our study suggested that excessive folic acid intake is associated with lower natural killer cells activity in elderly women. In a recent study we found that the risk for unilateral retinoblastoma in offspring is 4 fold higher in women that are homozygotes for the 19 bp deletion in the DHFR gene and took folic acid supplement during pregnancy. In the elderly this polymorphism is associated with lower memory and executive scores, both being significantly worse in those with high plasma folate. These and other data strongly imply that excessive intake of folic acid is not always safe in certain populations of different age and ethnical/genetic background.
Role of Organic Matrix in Urinary Stone Formation: An Ltrastructural Study of Crystal Matrix Interface of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Stones

Human calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) urinary stones were decalcified by treatment with a mixture of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution and Karnovsky's fixative after embedding in bactoagar. Decalcified stones were examined by light microscopy, and also by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Stones had distinct nuclei that were occupied by amorphous or apatitic calcium phosphate or aggregates of spherulitic COM crystals. EDTA insoluble matrix was ubiquitous in stones and consisted largely of finely matted fibrous material. It was organized in concentric laminations in the peripheral area of the stone but appeared highly disorganized in the stone center. Crystals were replaced by crystal ghosts. Organic matrix was present both inside the crystals and in the intercrystalline spaces. The study indicates a very close association between crystals and organic matrix. The relationship appears to begin early in crystal formation and persists throughout the formative and growth phases of the urinary stones.
Diagnosing lumbar spinal stenosis.

Lumbar spinal stenosis is an important cause of pain and disability, and surgery is beneficial for appropriately selected patients. Therefore, it is important for primary care physicians to distinguish patients with spinal stenosis from those with musculoskeletal low back pain, peripheral vascular disease, or spinal disk disease.
Relationships among concentrations of four opioid neuropeptides and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in neural tissues of beef cows following early weaning.

Acute changes associated with removal of the inhibition of estrus caused by suckling were examined in beef cows. Calves were weaned during the fifth week after parturition and cows were slaughtered at 0 (n = 8), 36 (n = 8) or 72 h (n = 8) after calf removal. Tissues of preoptic area (POA), hypothalamus (HYP), pituitary stalk-median eminence (SME) and pituitary neurointermediate lobe (NIL) were obtained for analyses of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and four opioid neuropeptides. In addition, one-half of each SME was superfused in vitro for measurement of basal and potassium-induced release of LHRH. The following opioid neuropeptides were quantified: methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk), beta-endorphin (beta-EP), dynorphin-A, 1-17 (DYN-17) and dynorphin-A, 1-8 (DYN-8). All four opioid neuropeptides were most concentrated in the pituitary NIL. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone was most concentrated in the SME tissue, which also contained substantial concentrations of Met-Enk and beta-EP, but very little DYN-17 or DYN-8. In addition, weaning increased the weight of NIL between 0 and 36 h (P less than .05), and the concentrations of LHRH, Met-Enk, and DYN-17 in the combined POA + HYP (P less than .05) tissue between 36 and 72 h. No differences occurred among groups in SME content of LHRH or in vitro release of LHRH from the superfused SME. Although they were not affected by weaning, within-cow correlations among parameters revealed that: 1) concentrations of DYN-17 and DYN-8 were always positively correlated (P less than .05); 2) concentrations of LHRH were positively correlated with Met-Enk (P less than .01), beta-EP (P less than .05) and DYN-17 (P less than .05) in the combined POA + HYP tissue; 3) LHRH concentrations in SME tissue were negatively related to POA + HYP concentrations of Met-Enk (P less than .01) and beta-EP (P less than .05), but not of LHRH or DYN-17 and 4) in vitro release of LHRH from the pituitary SME was correlated with concentrations of DYN-8 in various tissues including the SME (P less than .01). In summary, bovine neural tissues differ widely in concentrations of the four opioid neuropeptides with NIL tissue having the greatest concentrations. Weaning calves at 36 and 72 h before slaughter caused parallel changes in LHRH, Met-Enk and DYN-17 in preoptic and hypothalamic tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Rediscovering SWOT ’ s integrative nature: A new understanding of an old framework

Abstract SWOT is one of the oldest and best-known organizing frameworks in management. Originally intended as an integrative framework (Mintzberg, 1990), it often degenerates into a series of lists (Valentin, 2001). We seek to revitalize SWOT’s role in the classroom by highlighting its critical role in integrating internal and external analysis by drawing upon advances in the field (Porter’s five forces, PEST analysis, and the RBV) that occurred subsequent to its original development. This is vital because integration remains a critical, yet unrealized, goal of strategy (Barney, 2001a; Priem & Butler, 2001a), and “understanding parts and wholes is the first mission of teaching strategy” (Lampel, 2005, p.20). A revised model of SWOT could serve an important integrating function to help students understand parts and wholes, a task not done by other frameworks.
Blakean Wonder and the Unfallen Tharmas: Health, Wholeness, and Holarchy in The Four Zoas

Lorenz re-evaluates a contested figure from Blake’s mythologies through the metaphorical lens of disability. No central figure in Blake’s Four Zoas is more misunderstood than Tharmas, who appears as shepherd and innocent victim in some passages and as sea god and cruel tyrant in others. Tharmas is a holistic figure whom the violent stimulants of modern science and philosophy have divided and disabled. By attending to the internal conflict latent in the figure of Tharmas and to the external conflict between Tharmas and Urizen, one observes, first, that the self-directed sublimity of the fallen Tharmas represents a kind of aesthetic blindness when compared to the other-directed wonder of his unfallen state; second, that the instrumental reason of the fallen Urizen represents a kind of epistemological blindness when compared to the wondering reason of the unfallen Tharmas; and third, that the ‘innocent head’ and ‘holy hand’ of the unfallen Tharmas crystallise Blake’s effort to renew the interconnected ideals of wholeness, healing, health and holiness.
Effect of freezing on infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in pork

To study the effect of low temperatures on infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts, pork from infected pigs was mixed with infected mouse brains and homogenized thoroughly. Twenty-gram samples of infected homogenized meat which were sealed in plastic pouches, pressed to a uniform thickness resulting in samples having the dimensions of ~.2 × 16 × 18 cm, were subjected to temperatures of -1 to -171.1 °C for 1 s to 67.2 d. Treated samples were digested in HCl-pepsin solution and infectivity assayed in mice. A regression model from these data is described by the least squares linear regression: Square root of time for the inactivation of T. gondii (h) = 26.72 + 2.16 temperature (°C) with r = 0.77. T. gondii tissue cysts remained viable usually up to 22.4 d at -1 and -3.9°C and 11.2 d at -6.7°C but were usually rendered nonviable by freezing at -12.37°C. These data demonstrate that T. gondii tissue cysts are inactivated by freezing more readily than encysted Trichinella spiralis larvae.
Finding Oneself Awoken From: Nonhuman Metamorphoses

The forms of, and resistances to, narrative development in Kafka often rely upon strange “awakenings,” including Karl Rosman’s stunted progress in the oft-overlooked Amerika. Kafka’s narrators, characters, and readers cling together, negotiating unreliable aesthetic differences between abject existence obliged to sociation, “feeling” abject like some excluded atrocity, or “actually” being huge, fantastic, genderless vermin. This recurs in The Trial, but K.’s “literal” moment of waking is subtly erased: one morning, he was arrested (verhaftet). This is even more alienating—free indirect discourse dominates and subjects long after aperture. The in media res narration depends upon Kafka’s erlebte Rede, the primary mode of the “Kafkaesque,” where speculative narration and bureaucratic sociation in anonymous modernity are fused as, not “prior to” or grounding experience and reflection.
Lifetime Maximization for Joint Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks

We consider the lifetime maximization problem for joint estimation in wireless sensor network. In the joint estimation problem, each sensor observes a noise-corrupted version of a physical quantity, then amplifies and forwards the observation to the destination (fusion center) through a wireless channel. The fusion center combines the data and constructs a joint estimate. The sensors may communicate with the destination through either orthogonal or shared channels. We develop algorithms that jointly determine the transmit power of sensors as a function of sensor measurement noises, wireless channel coefficients, and the available battery power at sensors. The objective of the algorithm is to maximize the lifetime of the network, while a certain quality of estimation at the fusion center is maintained throughout the lifetime of the network. It is observed that the present algorithm behaves differently compared to minimum- transmit-power strategies, and performs better in terms of the longevity of the network.
The effects of drug and alcohol consumption on driver injury severities in single-vehicle crashes

ABSTRACTObjective: It is well known that alcohol and drugs influence driving behavior by affecting the central nervous system, awareness, vision, and perception/reaction times, but the resulting effect on driver injuries in car crashes is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the injury severities of unimpaired, alcohol-impaired, and drug-impaired drivers.Method: The current article applies a random parameters logit model to study the differences in injury severities among unimpaired, alcohol-impaired, and drug-impaired drivers. Using data from single-vehicle crashes in Cook County, Illinois, over a 9-year period from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2012, separate models for unimpaired, alcohol-impaired, and drug-impaired drivers were estimated. A wide range of variables potentially affecting driver injury severity was considered, including roadway and environmental conditions, driver attributes, time and location of the crash, and crash-specific factors.Result...
Biofeedback and the Illusion of Self-Control: A Functional Contextual Perspective

Physiological self-regulation through biofeedback may be seen as a metaphor for generalized self-control expectancies. Using a model based on functional contextualism and relational frames theory, self-control efforts are seen as a convenient fiction or illusion, with physiological coherence and the sense of coherence associated with improvements in health and behavior.
A phase II trial of neoadjuvant doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by lapatinib plus docetaxel sequential with adjuvant trastuzumab for treatment of early HER2 positive breast cancers

Background: The use of HER2 targeting therapy has revolutionized the treatment of HER2 positive breast cancers. Here, we investigate whether a sequential approach to dual HER2 blockade of lapatinib followed by trastuzumab will result in improved clinical outcomes. Methods: This was a single institution, open label, single arm, phase II trial in women with HER2 positive breast cancer. Volunteers were treated with sequential neoadjuvant doxorubicin (60 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) (AC) for 4 cycles followed by docetaxel (100 mg/m2) concurrent with lapatinib (1,250 mg) (TL) daily for 21 days for four cycles before definitive surgery. The primary end point was pathologic complete response (pCR). Results: The study accrued only 21 of the 71 planned patients from 2/28/2007 to 5/25/2010. All patients (100%) experienced down staging. The pCR rate was 41% (7/18). 11 patients had tumor size of T3 or greater, 3 of which experienced pCR and only 1 underwent breast conservation (lumpectomy). The most common hematologic AE (all grades) was anemia 17/21 (81%). There were no incidences of grade 3 or 4 anemia. 10 of 21 (48%) patients experience a non-hematologic grade 3 AE. The most common non-hematologic AEs (all grades) were irregular menses 20/21 (95%) and hand-foot-skin reactions 20/21 (95%). No increase cardiac abnormalities were noted. The DFS at data cut off was 87.5%. Conclusion: The provocative pCR and DFS results in this high risk locally advanced patient population should be viewed with caution given results of the Adjuvant Lapatinib And/Or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimisation study (ALTTO) clinical trial.
Population Assay of Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Growth and Development Analysis

This experiment focuses on the growth and population development of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The larvae are cylindrical and hard-bodied “false worms” called mealworms. Due to the scavenger nature of this insect, they are typically found under stones, decaying logs, bark or on the ground. However, Tenebrio molitor can be purchased though many bait shops and markets and are a common food source for pets. Measurements of the front of head capsule to the end of abdomen and body weight were taken from larvae, pupae, and adult stages. Data was imputed into a logarithmic program on Excel where the standard deviations, variance, range and averages were determined and compared. It appears that variation in development of T. molitor occurs from the larval to pupal stage where most of the fatalities occurred.
Structural insights into substrate and inhibitor binding sites in human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1

Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (hIDO1) is an attractive cancer immunotherapeutic target owing to its role in promoting tumoral immune escape. However, drug development has been hindered by limited structural information. Here, we report the crystal structures of hIDO1 in complex with its substrate, Trp, an inhibitor, epacadostat, and/or an effector, indole ethanol (IDE). The data reveal structural features of the active site (Sa) critical for substrate activation; in addition, they disclose a new inhibitor-binding mode and a distinct small molecule binding site (Si). Structure-guided mutation of a critical residue, F270, to glycine perturbs the Si site, allowing structural determination of an inhibitory complex, where both the Sa and Si sites are occupied by Trp. The Si site offers a novel target site for allosteric inhibitors and a molecular explanation for the previously baffling substrate-inhibition behavior of the enzyme. Taken together, the data open exciting new avenues for structure-based drug design.
The telescoping aorta: a case of circumferential aortic dissection with intimo-intimal intussusception into the left ventricle

A 67-year-old man with history of tobacco smoking presents to the emergency department with sudden onset, retrosternal chest pain radiating to the neck and associated with diaphoresis and nausea. On examination, his blood pressure was 106/42 mm Hg, pulse of 73 beat/min. He was pale, diaphoretic with IV/VI diastolic blowing murmur of unknown chronicity heard at the left sternal border. His distal pulses were faint but symmetric in all extremities. No marfanoid features. ECG showed sinus rhythm with ST segment elevation in leads aVR and V1, with widespread ST segment depression (figure 1). He underwent emergent coronary angiogram with initial diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and impending cardiogenic shock. Angiogram revealed type-A aortic dissection extending to the aortic arch with concomitant aortic regurgitation (AR) (videos 1 and 2). On prompt recognition of aortic dissection, he was transferred to the operating room for emergent surgical repair. Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed circumferential dissection of the proximal aorta with diastolic prolapse of a cylinder-shaped intimal flap into the left ventricle causing severe AR (videos 3–5). The dissection was successfully repaired using 30 mm Hemashield Platinum …
Nonlinear dynamics of chemotherapeutic resistance

We use a three-component replicator dynamical system with healthy cells, sensitive cells, and resistant cells, with a prisoner9s dilemma payoff matrix from evolutionary game theory to understand the phenomenon of competitive release, which is the main mechanism by which tumors develop chemotherapeutic resistance. By comparing the phase portraits of the system without therapy compared to continuous therapy above a certain threshold, we show that chemotherapeutic resistance develops if there are pre-exisiting resistance cells in the population. We examine the basin boundaries of attraction associated with the chemo-sensitive population and the chemo-resistant population for increasing values of chemo-concentrations and show their spiral intertwined structure. We also examine the fitness landscapes both with and without continuous therapy and show that with therapy, the average fitness as well as the fitness functions of each of the subpopulations initially increases, but eventually decreases monotonically as the resistant subpopulation saturates the tumor.
M4Au12Ag32(p-MBA)30 (M = Na, Cs) bimetallic monolayer-protected clusters: synthesis and structure

Crystals of M4Au12Ag32(p-MBA)30 bimetallic monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs), where p-MBA is p-mercapto­benzoic acid and M+ is a counter-cation (M = Na, Cs) have been grown and their structure determined. The mol­ecular structure of triacontakis[(4-carboxylatophenyl)sulfanido]dodecagolddotriacontasilver, Au12Ag32(C7H5O2S)30 or C210H150Ag32Au12O60S30, exhib­its point group symmetry \overline{3} at 100 K. The overall diameter of the MPC is approximately 28 A, while the diameter of the Au12Ag20 metallic core is 9 A. The structure displays ligand bundling and inter­molecular hydrogen bonding, which gives rise to a framework structure with 52% solvent-filled void space. The positions of the M+ cations and the DMF solvent mol­ecules within the void space of the crystal could not be determined. Three out of the five crystallographically independent ligands in the asymmetric unit cell are disordered over two sets of sites. Comparisons are made to the all-silver M4Ag44(p-MBA)30 MPCs and to expectations based on density functional theory.
Domain Wall Start to “Inflation” with Contributions to Off Diagonal GR Stress Energy Tensor Terms

We represent how an off diagonal representation of stress energy in GR as given by Dodelson can be affected by an axion style domain wall treatment of a stress energy tensor in GR, as given by Kolb and Turner.We argue that this is a way of presenting how domain wall physics may impact graviton production which in turn has, through Dodelson and his off diagonal stress energy terms consequences as to non uniform evolution of space time cosmology. We close with a treatment of axions (a candidate for DM) as impacting GW, and through Dodelson having consequences which we outline at the end of this document. The off diagonal terms of the stress energy tensor alluded to are allegedly for large scale space-time evolution, but the transition for space-time from the big bang to the Electroweak regime is many thousands of times larger than Planckian space-time, so we argue that the off diagonal relation so used still holds
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: A Brief Review of Their Synthesis Methods and Biomedical Applications.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) exhibit antioxidant properties both in vitro and in vivo. This is due to the self-regeneration of their surface, which is based on redox-cycling between 3+ and 4+ states for cerium, in response to their immediate environment. Additionally, oxygen vacancies in the lattice structure allow for alternating between CeO2 and CeO2−x during redox reactions. Research to identify and characterize the biomedical applications of CeNPs has been heavily focused on investigating their use in treating diseases that are characterized by higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although the bio-mimetic activities of CeNPs have been extensively studied in vitro, in vivo interactions and associated protein corona formation are not well understood. This review describes: (1) the methods of synthesis for CeNPs, including the recent green synthesis methods that offer enhanced biocompatibility and a need for establishing a reference CeNP material for consistency across studies; (2) their enzyme-mimetic activities, with a focus on their antioxidant activities; and, (3) recent experimental evidence that demonstrates their ROS scavenging abilities and their potential use in personalized medicine.
The Association between Lower Extremity Muscular Strength and Cognitive Function in a National Sample of Older Adults.

Background We evaluated the association between lower extremity muscular strength and cognition among older adults in the United States. Methods Data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to identify 1508 older adults, between 60-85 years. Muscle strengthening activities were assessed via self-report. Participation in physical activity was determined from self-report data. The DSST was used to assess participant executive cognitive functioning tasks of pairing and free recall. A Kin-Com MP isokinetic dynamometer (Chatanooga Group Inc.) was used to assess lower extremity strength, expressed as absolute strength (N), relative strength (N/body weight in kg), and high (<245.75 N) vs. low (≤245.75 N) absolute strength based on the median levels of strength. Results Lower extremity strength (β = 0.01; 95% CI: 0.0008-0.03; p = 0.039) was associated with higher cognitive performance, independent of age, muscle strengthening activities, physical activity and other covariates. In an adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, those with high (vs. low) strength had a 34% reduced odds of having low cognitive function (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46-0.93; p = 0.02). Conclusion In this nationally representative sample of older adults, there was a positive association between elevated lower extremity muscular strength and cognitive functioning.
Women, Graduate Education, and Feminist Knowledge:

By now the underrepresentation of women in graduate education, as students, faculty members, and administrators, is well known. In 1982, for example, less than a third (32.4%) of the doctoral degrees awarded in that year went to women. This underrepresentation is not because women do not enroll in masters and doctoral programs. TWo years earlier, in 1980, women comprised 47% of American graduate students.1 Clearly, there is something about the graduate experience itself that discourages women. If we want to be effective in changing this bias, we need to understand its sources in the fullest sense. I will argue that, while affirmative action, consciousness raising, and greater adherence to the democratic doctrines of fairness, justice, and equality of opportunity will raise the percentage of graduate degrees awarded to women, eliminating bias against women in academia will require change at a more fundamental level. In order to make my point clear, I need to first discuss the impact which feminist schol
Complexes of polypyrazolylborate ligands

Abstract Studies of the structures of [HB(pz)3](C5H5)(CO)2Mo and [Et2B(pz)2]-(C5H5)(CO)2Mo, where HB(pz)3 and Et2B(pz)2 represent the hydridotris(pyrazolyl)-borate and the diethylbis(pyrazolyl)borate groups respectively, have been carried out on solutions using infrared and PMR spectra. The data indicate that the pyrazolyl groups coordinate as bidentate ligands to form six-membered rings and that the rings exist in two conformers which interconvert in solution. These studies thus confirm the explanation previously proposed for the temperature dependence of the PMR spectrum of [B(pz)4]C5H5)(CO)2Mo.
Women and Substance Abuse: Gender Transparency

Contents Introduction * Drug Use and Risks for HIV/AIDS Among Indigent Women in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil * Temporal Trends in HIV Risk Behaviors Among Out-of-Treatment Women Crack Users: The Need for Drug Treatment * Drug Use Patterns of Substance Abusing Women: Gender and Ethnic Differences in an AIDS Prevention Program * Differences Found Between Women Injectors In and Out of Treatment: Implications for Interventions * Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Drug-Using Women Who Are In and Out of Treatment * How Are Women Who Enter Substance Abuse Treatment Different than Men? A Gender Comparison from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS) * Gender Differences in Risk Factors for Gonorrhea Among Alaskan Drug Users * Women and Violence: A Different Look * Physicians' Assessment of Drug Use and Other HIV Risk Behavior: Reports by Female Drug Users * Revealing Drug Use to Prenatal Providers: Who Tells or Who Is Asked? * Pregnancy Among Women with a History of Injection Drug Use * Developing Comprehensive Prison-Based Therapeutic Community Treatment for Women * Residential Treatment for Women: Behavioral and Psychological Outcomes * Residential Treatment for Drug Addicted Women and Their Children: Effective Treatment Strategies * Gender Differences in the Economic Impacts of Clients Before, During, and After Substance Abuse Treatment * Index * Reference Notes Included
A Capacity Coefficient Method for Characterizing the Impacts of Automation Transparency on Workload Efficiency

Automation can be unreliable. This makes appropriate trust and reliance difficult to calibrate. One solution to building appropriate trust is to increase automation transparency by displaying infor...
Fully automated classification of glomerular lesions in lupus nephritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease in which the immune system attacks host tissues. One organ commonly attacked is the kidney, in which case the resultant acute and chronic damages are called lupus nephritis. The accumulated damage can result in renal failure. The percutaneous renal biopsy is invaluable to the assessment of the disease and its therapeutic response. A large portion of the pathological assessment is done by histological analysis of the biopsied tissue with light microscopy. Computational models can alleviate a portion of expert disagreement by providing unified, reproducible quantifications of digitized image structures. In this work, we perform fully automated whole slide segmentation of glomeruli from Periodic Acid- Schiff (PAS), hematoxylin and eosin, silver, and trichrome stained lupus nephritis biopsies. The automatically extracted PAS glomeruli are quantified by a set of 285 hand-crafted features designed specifically to target glomerular lesions in lupus nephritis. These features are fed in sequence to a recurrent neural network architecture which views multiple glomerular features from a single biopsy, and outputs a continuous diagnostic value representative of classes II-V of the scheme by Weening et al1. On 82 whole slide images taken from 65 patients, compared to renal pathologist annotations and using only the PAS stain, the network achieved a Cohen’s kappa of 0.42 with 95% confidence interval [0.32, 0.52] to render the correct class chosen from II-V, and 0.56, 95% CI [0.43, 0.69] to render an additional class V diagnosis when required.
Some Challenges for Research on Emotion and Moral Judgment: The Moral Foreign-Language Effect as a Case Study

In this article, we discuss a number of challenges with the empirical study of emotion and its relation to moral judgment. We examine a case study involving the moral foreign-language effect, according to which people show an increased utilitarian response tendency in moral dilemmas when using their non-native language. One important proposed explanation for this effect is that using one’s non-native language reduces emotional arousal, and that reduced emotion is responsible for this tendency. We offer reasons to think that there is insufficient evidence for accepting this explanation at present. We argue that there are three themes that constrain our current ability to draw firm empirical conclusions: 1) the frequent use of proxies or partial measures for emotions, 2) the lack of a predictive and generalizable theory of emotion and specific emotion-types, and 3) the obscurity of a baseline level of neutrality with respect to participant emotion. These lessons apply not only to research on the moral foreign-language effect, but to empirical research in moral psychology more generally.