cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Análisis comparativo del tratamiento de existencias de acuerdo a la normativa internacional: Full, Pyme y sector público, períodos 2009-2012

La implementacion del plan de convergencia de las Normas Internacionales de Informacion Financiera en Chile, ha necesitado segmentar las normas y fechas propuestas por el Colegio de Contadores de Chile A.G. con lo cual se han creado 3 categorias distintas para encasillar a las entidades en Chile, las cuales son: Full IFRS, IFRS para PYMES (Pequenas y medianas empresas) e IFRS SP (Sector publico). Uno de los rubros importantes es Existencias, ya que para cada empresa representa un significado unico. Al ano 2013, para empresas bajo aplicacion FULL IFRS esto ya es una realidad, no asi para los sectores de pequenas y medianas empresas y empresas del sector publico, que aun esta pendiente su implementacion. En la presente investigacion se analizo de forma comparativa el tratamiento de las existencias de acuerdo a la normativa internacional FULL IFRS, NIIF para PYMES y NICSP, comprendiendo el periodo 2009 a 2012, a traves de la descripcion del tratamiento segun FULL IFRS, los resultados indican que en razon a las tres normativas, no existen diferencias sustanciales, y existen similitudes absolutas respecto a su objetivo, alcance, metodos de valorizacion y presentacion.
Main and Moderating Effects of an Online Transition Curriculum on Career Readiness

In this study, students with and without disabilities (n = 816) in general and special education settings in Grades 9 through 12 were participants in a quasi-experimental design to examine the main...
Scaffolding expertise with all five senses: teaching cuisine critically

This article describes out method for “scaffolding expertise” that we used in our team-taught critical food studies course. We believe this technique allows students to not only gain knowledge abou...
Improved Orbit Determination of the CYGNSS Satellites and its Application to GNSS-R Ocean Altimetry

The accuracy of spaceborne ocean surface altimetry depends on precise knowledge of the altimeter satellite orbit. Previous studies of the potential utility of CYGNSS GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) measurements for ocean altimetry have identified its orbit error as a limiting factor. To address this, a recent firmware upgrade to the CYGNSS satellites has enabled the downlink of additional GPS raw measurements from the navigation receiver and increased numerical precision of open-loop GNSS-R tracking information. In this paper, we present improvements to the accuracy of both the orbit determination and the ocean surface height retrievals as a result of these recent upgrades. JPL's GipsyX software is used to process 170 days of GPS navigation measurements for one of the 8 CYGNSS satellites. Incorporating high fidelity dynamic models and antenna group delay corrections, daily orbit overlaps throughout the period show mean RMS differences of 2.5 cm in height, 5.9 cm in cross-track, and 10 cm in along-track. Applying these new orbits reduced the standard deviation of retrieved sea surface height anomalies from 2.2 m to 1.9 m using 4 second smoothed measurements. Further improvements are expected using new ionospheric corrections and re-tracking methods currently in development.
That's not my name

In this brief article, the author states that beyond her family context, she has come to rec ognize the privilege and responsibility she has as a provider and an educator to promote inclusivity. When she meets a new patient or a new learner, particu larly those from different linguistic backgrounds than her own, she acknowledges that it may be hard for her to say their name, placing the burden to practice and be open to correction on herself. Some might argue names are trivial-what does it matter if someone pronounces your name cor rectly?-but we know it's not. Our names are one way we become visible or invisible to those around us. When we ask someone if we can call them something other than their name, we are communi cating (oftentimes, inadvertently) that their name is not worth the effort, that there is something wrong with it, something wrong with them. We have a responsibility to engage in culturally and lin guistically congruent practices and an obliga tion to model what it means to treat our learners and patients with dignity, starting with saying their names. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Local Roadmaps for Autonomous Vehicles: Guidance for High-Impact, Low-Cost Policy Strategies

This chapter focuses on local policy roadmaps. While a significant body of policy has been developed at the national and state levels, very little policy work has identified policy for local government. In this context, this chapter reviews state of technology and policy development and offers potential policy concepts for local government. Suggestions from a workshop are offered and then dialogued in a structured format. This yields ideas for high-impact, low-cost policy solutions that can help cities better prepare for automation.
How You Can Solve Tough Problems in Mediation

Mediators often struggle when lawyers and parties are not prepared when they go to mediation, have unrealistic expectations, and act very emotionally. This article provides detailed techniques for addressing these problems based on the book, Litigation Interest and Risk Assessment: Help You Clients Make Good Litigation Decisions.
The Impact Of The Principles Of Accounting Experience On Student Preparation For Intermediate Accounting

Both students and instructors alike will generally agree that intermediate accounting courses are among the most difficult and demanding in an accounting or finance curriculum, and perhaps even on the college campus. Intermediate accounting contains subject matter which requires a higher level of thinking and a greater ability to process prior knowledge than do most other courses the student has been exposed to. Intermediate accounting is also very important for accounting majors as it serves as the basis for much of their future accounting coursework. Obviously, it is of paramount importance that students enter Intermediate Accounting I properly prepared for the course. This research examines the preparation level of Intermediate I students. In particular, this study investigates whether three specific factors relating to the principles of accounting course affect a student’s preparation for intermediate accounting. The three factors are: the grade earned in the principles of accounting course, the type of school where the principles of accounting course was taken, and the amount of time that elapsed between the principles course and the intermediate course. This research differs from prior research in this area in that prior research focused on factors affecting performance in intermediate and the current research focus is on preparation for the course. Results of this research include the finding that preparation for intermediate accounting is associated with both the grade earned in principles and the amount of time that elapses between principles and intermediate. While no association is found between the type of school where principles is taken and the level of preparation for intermediate, the results indicate that students who take principles of accounting at a 2-year school are more likely to delay taking intermediate accounting. It appears that students who take principles of accounting at a 2-year school may be less prepared for intermediate, not because of the2-year school per se, but rather because of the associated delay in taking intermediate accounting. These results should be of interest to advisors of future accounting and finance majors, instructors teaching intermediate accounting as well as to individual students planning the timing of their coursework.
Contractual Savings in Countries with a Small Financial Sector

Countries with small financial systems are generally small economies with a reduced dimension of institutional relationships, a greater concentration of wealth, and a relatively less independent civil service. These characteristics facilitate concentration of functions and, more generally, weak governance. Only small economies with a relatively high level of per capita income, minimum core of sound banks and insurance companies, sound and credible macroeconomic policies, and open capital accounts can benefit from the development of contractual savings. This can increase the options to obtain sound coverage against contingencies, increase the supply of long term savings, promote financial deepening, and improve financial risk management.
Parity non-conserving effects in the reaction n+2H → 3H + γ

Abstract We have calculated the circular polarization and the asymmetry in the distribution of outgoing photons in the reaction n + 2 H → 3 H +γ for thermal incident neutrons. These effects become possible because of an admixture of odd-parity states in the three-body system by means of the weak, parity non-conserving component of the N-N interaction. We have in- vestigated several theoretical models for this interaction and have found that the parity non- conserving effects are generally of order 10−6. With the exception of potentials derived on the basis of SU(6) considerations, our results do not show remarkable sensitivity to different models.
Effect of chemical modification of dihydrouridine in yeast transfer ribonucleic acid on amino acid acceptor activity and ribosomal binding.

Abstract Dihydrouridine residues in bakers' yeast transfer RNA were reductively cleaved with sodium borohydride. The amino acid acceptor activity of three species of transfer RNA and the ribosomal binding of one species of transfer RNA were determined for these modified transfer RNAs. The data indicate that the reductive cleavage of the dihydrouridine residues in these transfer RNAs has no effect upon their ability to accept amino acids or to bind to ribosomes.
Folding of the Glucocorticoid Receptor by the Reconstituted hsp90-based Chaperone Machinery THE INITIAL hsp90·p60·hsp70-DEPENDENT STEP IS SUFFICIENT FOR CREATING THE STEROID BINDING CONFORMATION

Abstract Rabbit reticulocyte lysate contains a multiprotein chaperone system that assembles steroid receptors into a complex with hsp90. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is bound to hsp90 via its hormone binding domain (HBD), which must be associated with hsp90 to have a steroid binding conformation. Recently, we have reconstituted a receptor·hsp90 heterocomplex assembly system with purified rabbit hsp90 and hsp70 and bacterially expressed human p23 and p60 (Dittmar, K. D., Hutchison, K. A., Owens-Grillo, J. K., and Pratt, W. B. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12833–12839). In this work we show that when the GR is incubated with hsp90, hsp70, and p60, steroid binding sites are generated despite the absence of p23. In this minimal reconstituted system, the GR is incubated with the chaperones in the presence of [3H]triamcinolone acetonide ([3H]TA), which binds to the receptor as GR·hsp90 complexes are formed. When molybdate or p23 is also present during the incubation with chaperones at 30 °C, the formation of steroid binding sites can be assayed by incubating the washed GR with [3H]TA after heterocomplex assembly at 30 °C. However, in the absence of p23 or molybdate, rapid disassembly of GR·hsp90 complexes apparently occurs simultaneously with assembly, such that [3H]TA must be present during the assembly process to trap evidence of conversion of the GR HBD from a non-steroid binding to a steroid binding conformation. Mixture of purified rabbit hsp90 and hsp70 with bacterial lysate containing human p60 results in spontaneous formation of an hsp90·p60·hsp70 complex that can be adsorbed with anti-p60 antibody, and the resulting immune complex converts the GR HBD to a steroid binding state in an ATP-dependent and K+-dependent manner. When the GR is incubated with hsp90, hsp70, and p60 in the presence of the hsp90-binding antibiotic geldanamycin, GR·hsp90·p60· hsp70 complexes are formed, but they have no steroid binding activity. Our data suggest that hsp90, hsp70, and p60 work together as a chaperone complex that possesses all of the folding/unfolding activity necessary to generate the high affinity steroid binding conformation of the receptor.
Hints of energy dependences in AGASA extremely high energy cosmic ray arrival directions

A correlation and probability analysis of the distribution of arrival directions for a sample of AGASA events reported to have energies above $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\mathrm{eV}$ shows the small scale clustering to remain significant at the 99.5\char21{}99.9% C.L. and to be consistent with previous results. For the sample taken as a whole, there are no departures from either homogeneity or isotropy on angular scales greater than $5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.$ The sample of events with $Eg~6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\mathrm{eV}$ contains no pairs with separations $l4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.$ Cross correlating subsamples partitioned by energy reveal three uncorrelated distributions in the intervals $(4\char21{}5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\mathrm{eV},$ $(5\char21{}8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\mathrm{eV},$ and greater than $8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\mathrm{eV}.$ The partition with $5l~El8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\mathrm{eV}$ is correlated with the supergalactic equatorial plane while the other two groups are statistically consistent with isotropic distributions. The presence of three distinct energy-partitioned groups of events could reflect possible changes in primary composition, different source distributions, differing levels of GZK losses, or deflection effects of magnetic fields.
A novel first wall protection scheme for ion beam ICF reactors

A novel first wall protection scheme for ion beam driven inertial confinement fusion reactors is presented. LIBRA-SP utilizes a self-pinched ion beam transport and is intended as a 1000 MWe power reactor. LIBRA-SP uses rigid HT-9 ferritic steel tubes called PERIT (perforated rigid tubes) units. These tubes are equipped with small nozzles on either side which spray vertical fans of liquid metal, overlapping each other such that the first two rows of tubes are completely shadowed from the target emanations. The target generated X-rays accelerate the LiPb spray through the rapid vaporization of the surface facing the target. Simulations of the behavior of the spray with the BUCKY computer code show that the spray remains intact and is still at liquid density when it hits the PERIT units, producing a peak pressure on the PERITs of several GPa and a total impulsive loading of 72 Pa-s. The spray that is vaporized by the X-rays blows into the center of the target chamber intercepting the target debris ions. The first row of tubes in the blanket carry the brunt of the radial impulsive load, which is applied at the reactor repetition rate. A code has been developed for determining the mechanical transient and steady state response of the tubes containing the liquid metal, driven by sequential pulses for specific boundary conditions. Maximum steady state deflections and bending stresses as a function of the rep-rate are calculated and used to optimize the length of the PERIT units for avoiding resonant conditions. The cylindrical portion of the chamber is covered by a blanket of rigid steel tubes at a packing fraction of 50%. Only the front two rows of tubes are equipped with the spray nozzles. These tubes are at a radius of 4 m, and the radius of the reflector, which is the vacuum boundary, is 5.2 m.
The Influence of Height/width Ratio on Urban Heat Island in Hot-arid Climates

Abstract Urbanization has a substantial impact on the microclimate of cities. The urban form is composed of urban canyons that are defined by the building's height to street's width ration (H/W ratio) and the orientation of their long-axis. These two descriptors are controlling the absorption and reflection of the solar and emission of the thermal radiation that influence the ambient air temperature to be significantly higher than the rural surroundings (Urban Heat Island effect). Thus, the goal of this study is to investigate the thermal performance of two urban canyons, deep traditional (H/W=2.2) and shallow modern canyons (H/W=0.42) in a hot and arid city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The objective is to determine if the H/W ratio is an influential factor that contributes to the formation of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon, which in turn causes an outdoor thermal discomfort in hot-arid climatic zones. Both canyons are oriented approximately NE- SW and bordered by residential buildings. A series of field measurements were conducted over 18 summer days, 13th–30th of July, 2013, to measure the ambient air temperatures inside the canyon and at the roof level and surface temperature of walls, roofs and streets. Results show that the intensity of the UHI increases with the decrease of H/W ratio. The ambient air temperature in the deep and the shallow canyons are warmer than those in the rural surroundings by 5% and 15%, respectively. The significant temperature increase in the shallow canyon is attributed to the high exposure of the canyon's surfaces to the intense solar radiation.
Metabolism of the phenylalanine hydroxylation cofactor.

Abstract A simple chemical method of reducing biopterin to 7,8-dihydrobiopterin has been described. The product of this reaction appears to be identical with the phenylalanine hydroxylation cofactor isolated from rat liver extracts. With the use of the synthetic compound, the TPNH-mediated enzymatic reduction of dihydrobiopterin to the tetrahydro level has been demonstrated. This reduction is catalyzed by dihydrofolate reductase. In the presence of 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, the reductase is an essential component of the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system. The TPN-dependent oxidation of dihydrobiopterin to sepiapterin has been shown to be catalyzed by another enzyme, sepiapterin reductase.
Phytochrome-controlled expression of a wheat Cab gene in transgenic tobacco seedlings

We have monitored changes in the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (Cab) mRNA levels in etiolated wheat leaves exposed to light of different wavelengths by Northern blot hybridizations and 5' S1 nuclease protection assays. Accumulation of the Cab mRNA and the specific Cab-1 transcript is regulated by phytochrome. Transcript levels are elevated by red light and the red enhancement can be partially reversed by far-red light. Moreover, far-red light alone can elicit a small increase in the transcript levels. These characteristic features of the wheat Cab-1 phytochrome response can be recapitulated in etiolated seedlings of transgenic tobacco containing the Cab-1 gene. Analyses of a chimeric construct revealed that a 1.8-kb 5'-flanking fragment (-1816 to +31) of the Cab-1 gene can confer phytochrome response as well as leaf-specific expression on a heterologous coding sequence.
Thermal injury in rats alters glucose utilization by skin, wound, and small intestine, but not by skeletal muscle

Abstract The effects of thermal injury in rats on glucose utilization (Rg) by skin, wound, small intestine, and muscle in vivo has been determined using 2-[ 18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxy- d -glucose ( 18 FDG) 6 hours, 24 hours, and 3 weeks after injury. These results were compared with serum glucose and insulin levels at the same time points and with hexokinase activity in the tissues. Thermal injury had no significant effects on serum glucose levels; however, serum insulin levels were lower than sham values 6 hours after injury, the same as sham values 24 hours after injury, and significantly higher than sham values 3 weeks after injury. Rg of unburned skin was not changed at 6 or 24 hours after injury, but was increased at 3 weeks after injury. The Rg of the wound was almost zero at 6 and 24 hours after injury; however, at 3 weeks after injury, the wound area had a Rg two to three times higher than that of the normal skin of sham animals. Small intestine Rg was decreased 6 and 24 hours after injury, but was essentially normal by 3 weeks after injury. The Rg of muscle was unchanged at all of the time points tested. Total Rg was significantly higher in the animals 3 weeks after injury, with the increase primarily due to the increases in skin and wound. The increases in Rg were associated with changes in tissue hexokinase activity. The present data suggest that thermal injury to rats results in dramatic alterations in glucose utilization by the skin and wound, changes that may contribute to the overall alterations in carbohydrate metabolism during burn trauma.
Secure manageable mobile handset platform architectures

The need for openness in mobile handset platform architectures from an applications development perspective, with a conflicting need for closedness in such platform architectures for security, manageability, and multiprotocol communications processing, has created a need for an overall platform architecture that provides simultaneous support for such features. Platform architectures are suggested that are rooted in hardware along with a trusted platform-aware architecture manager that creates closed partitions to provide cryptographic, communications, and manageability services, as well as open partitions for applications processing. Important and desirable ingredients in such platform architectures include domain separation, hardware rooted mechanisms to establish platform trust, hierarchical key management, secure storage, efficient resource management, and an inherently manageable platform
Multi-level feature analysis for semantic category recognition

At half-meter resolution the earth's surface has roughly 600 Trillion pixels. The need to process satellite imagery at such enormous scales for automated semantic categorization and the requirement to repeat this process at time-stipulated intervals demand optimal strategies to scan, extract, and, represent image features for accurate land-cover detection. In this paper we focus on developing optimal strategies for semantic categorization of image data which often involves computationally intensive feature extraction and mapping processes. Our proposed semantic categorization framework involves feature extraction and mapping at multiple levels. Initially, we examine low-level pixel features such as edge gradients, orientations, and intensity values to compute feature vector based on aggregate statistics. At the second level we generate line based representation by connecting edge gradients to extract higher-order spatial features on image scenes that are screened by the first level. By employing a multi-level feature analysis strategy we develop a semantic categorization framework that is computationally efficient and accurate. We tested our approach for the automated detection of mobile home park scenes, a challenging land-cover class, using one-meter aerial image data. We report the detection performance of our system. We envision that such changes to traditional feature analysis are necessary for the massive image analysis challenges.
Social Context and Personal Need: A Study of Polish and Jewish Aged

The material history of a study of ethnic aged in their neighborhood context is described. As part of a larger study on service needs of older persons in a predominantly Polish and in a predominantly Jewish neighborhood, interviews were conducted with 402 older persons. Special problems and pitfalls to be dealt with in studying ethnic aged are discussed in terms of gaining access to respondents, instrumentation, and in terms of interpretation of data. Ethical issues in studying disadvantaged groups without providing services to them were of special concern. Findings indicated major service needs of urban aged in areas of housing, health, and financial needs. Similarities in service needs emerged despite cultural and life style differences in the two communities. Personal correlates of vulnerability among ethnic aged are reported.
Vitamin B6 Generated by Obligate Symbionts Is Critical for Maintaining Proline Homeostasis and Fecundity in Tsetse Flies

The viviparous tsetse fly utilizes proline as a hemolymph-borne energy source. In tsetse, biosynthesis of proline from alanine involves the enzyme alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGAT), which requires pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) as a cofactor. This vitamin can be synthesized by tsetse's obligate symbiont, Wigglesworthia glossinidia. In this study, we examined the role of Wigglesworthia-produced vitamin B6 for maintenance of proline homeostasis, specifically during the energetically expensive lactation period of the tsetse's reproductive cycle. We found that expression of agat, as well as genes involved in vitamin B6 metabolism in both host and symbiont, increases in lactating flies. Removal of symbionts via antibiotic treatment of flies (aposymbiotic) led to hypoprolinemia, reduced levels of vitamin B6 in lactating females, and decreased fecundity. Proline homeostasis and fecundity recovered partially when aposymbiotic tsetse were fed a diet supplemented with either yeast or Wigglesworthia extracts. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of agat in wild-type flies reduced hemolymph proline levels to that of aposymbiotic females. Aposymbiotic flies treated with agat short interfering RNA (siRNA) remained hypoprolinemic even upon dietary supplementation with microbial extracts or B vitamins. Flies infected with parasitic African trypanosomes display lower hemolymph proline levels, suggesting that the reduced fecundity observed in parasitized flies could result from parasite interference with proline homeostasis. This interference could be manifested by competition between tsetse and trypanosomes for vitamins, proline, or other factors involved in their synthesis. Collectively, these results indicate that the presence of Wigglesworthia in tsetse is critical for the maintenance of proline homeostasis through vitamin B6 production.
KINETICS OF DIMER FORMATION AND PHOTOHYDRATION IN ULTRAVIOLET-IRRADIATED POLYURIDYLIC ACID

— The decrease in absorbance at 2600 A of poly-U following u.v. irradiation is analyzed quantitatively in terms of uracil-dimer formation and photohydration of uracil residues. At all wave lengths tested between 2300 and 2800 A both dirner formation and hydration occur as well as dimer breakage. The cross section for uracil dirner breakage is large at 2300 and decreases to a relatively small value at 2800 A. Consequently, at the shorter wave lengths the steady state for dimer formation and breakage is reached at lower doses than for the longer wave lengths. Absorbance decreases caused by longer wave lengths can be partially restored by irradiation with 2380 A. At high doses, for all wave lengths, the main photoproducts are hydrated uracil residues. The maximum number of dimers that may be formed increases with wavelength. The absorbance loss caused by photohydration may be reversed by acidification and heat. For 2650 A irradiation, 95 per cent of the absorbance is restored by a combination of the 2380 A and thermal treatment. The values for the photochemical reactions of poly-U are fairly close to those for poly-T and for uridine.
Comparison of Total Protein, Albumin and Secretory IgA as Standardization Proteins for Nasal Lavage Specimens 845

Background. Nasal lavage is a common method for obtaining samples of nasopharyngeal (NP) secretions. The major disadvantage of this method is that the degree of dilution in the collected specimens is unknown and varies between subjects, which may severely distort the results. Several proteins have been used to correct for this varying dilution, but there are no reports comparing the suitability of different proteins for this purpose. An optimal standardization protein should show a minimal variation between different individuals and remain stable in the course of time. We compared the suitability of total protein, albumin, and secretory IgA (sIgA) for standardization by determining the variation in the levels of these proteins in NP secretions from children with upper respiratory infection (URI).
A central-limit theorem for a single-false match rate

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a central limit theorem (CLT) for the estimation of a false match rate for a singlematching system. The false match rate is often a signicant factor in an evaluation of such a matching system. Toachieve the main result here we utilize the covariance/correlationstructure for matching proposed by Schuckers. 1 Along with the main result we present an illustration of the methodology here on biometric authentication datafrom Ross and Jain. 2 This illustration is from resampling match decisions on three dierent biometric modalities:hand geometry, ngerprint and facial recognition and shows that as the number of matching pairs grows thesampling distribution for an FMR approaches a Gaussian distribution. These results suggest that statisticalinference for a FMR based upon a Gaussian distribution is appropriate.Keywords: Correlation, covariance, Gaussian distribution, biometric authentication, resampling, performanceevaluation, central limit theorem 1. INTRODUCTION
The Bonneville Estates Rockshelter rodent fauna and changes in Late Pleistocene-Middle Holocene climates and biogeography in the Northern Bonneville Basin, USA

Abstract Excavations at Bonneville Estates Rockshelter, Nevada recovered rodent remains from stratified deposits spanning the past ca. 12,500 14C yr BP (14,800 cal yr BP). Specimens from horizons dating to the late Pleistocene and early Holocene include species adapted to montane and moist and cool habitats, including yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) and bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea). Shortly after 9000 14C BP (10,200 cal yr BP) these mammals became locally extinct, or nearly so, taxonomic diversity declined, and the region became dominated by desert woodrats (Neotoma lepida) and other species well-adapted to xeric, low-elevation settings. The timing and nature of changes in the Bonneville Estates rodent fauna are similar to records reported from nearby Homestead and Camels Back caves and provide corroborative data on terminal Pleistocene–early Holocene environments and mammalian responses to middle Holocene desertification. Moreover, the presence of northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) at Bonneville Estates adds to a sparse regional record for that species and, similar to Homestead Cave, it appears that the ca. 9500 14C yr BP (10,800 cal yr BP) replacement of the northern pocket gopher by Botta's pocket gopher in the Great Salt Lake Desert vicinity was also in response to climate change.
In vivo gene transfer into tendon by recombinant adenovirus.

Recombinant adenovirus mediated Escherichia coli lacZ gene transfer into chicken tendon and tendon sheath has been reported in the current study. The constructed recombinant virus carrying lacZ gene was injected between tendon and tendon sheath to conduct in vivo gene transfer. During the course of the study, each tendon received a 10 uL injection containing 10 5 plaque forming units of recombinant adenovirus with β-galactosidase gene. The samples were harvested at 3 days, 30 days, and 75 days after injection. For the virus dose-transduction rate study, five different doses were injected to groups of chicken tendons. LacZ gene transfer was detected for its coding product @-galactosidase by staining with X-gal solution. Results showed that the tendon and tendon sheath received the gene transfer with blue staining. The transferred lacZ gene remained stable for 75 days in the tendon and tendon sheath. A virus dose-dependent pattern of transduction rate was observed in the gene transferred tendons. The area of tendon transduction was approximately 2% for 3 x 10 6 plaque forming units recombinant adenovirus with β-galactosidase versus 40% for 6 x 10 7 plaque forming units recombinant adenovirus with β-galactosidase gene. The data suggested that functional exogene could be transferred into the tendon and tendon sheath by the same strategy to improve healing and avoid adhesion.
Harnessing the Power of Superheroes: An Alternative View

John M. Johnston is an Associate Professor at Memphis State University in Tennessee. vironment. Others are concerned about the moral content, sex role stereotyping, and aggressive themes of such play. It is not surprising that many early childhood teachers conclude that it's not worth the effort, and simply prohibit all superhero pretend play. Banning superhero play in the early childhood program is unfortunate for two reasons. First, this unique form of pretend play carries a number of benefits for young children. Second, superhero fantasy play can be managed without inappropriate supervisory demands on the teacher.
Evaluating the influence of problem function on treatment acceptability

Direct care staff from community agencies serving individuals with developmental disabilities rated the acceptability of two treatments, time out and guided compliance, applied to a problem behavior maintained by attention or escape. The results showed that time out was significantly more acceptable than guided compliance regardless of problem function. The results indicate that the less restrictive treatment was rated as more acceptable. However, the functional treatment was not rated as more acceptable than the nonfunctional treatment. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study on rebound resilience and structures of sodium salts of maleic anhydride‐grafted ethylene‐co‐ethyl acrylates with its analogous polymers

Sodium salts of ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate-g-maleic anhydride show high rebound resilience, the same as those of both saponified ethylene-co-ethyl acrylates and sodium salts of ethylene-co-methacrylic acids at low salt contents. The measurements of thermal and mechanical properties and dynamic viscoelastic behaviors indicate that the sodium salts of ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate-g-maleic anhydride behave like strong ionic bond cross-linkages close to covalent bond cross-linkages in the polymer, differing from the monocarboxylate salts of saponified ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate and the sodium salts of ethylene–methacrylic acid. It is concluded that the strong cross-linking of the dicarboxylate salts of the neutralized ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate-g-maleic anhydride causes the high rebound resilience. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine on 3H-serotonin binding to membranes from rat brain in vitro and on serotonin turnover in rat brain in vivo

Abstract 1-(m-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine inhibited the specific binding of tritiated serotonin to membranes from rat brain in vitro at lower concentrations than did quipazine or MK-212 (6-chloro-2-[1-piperazinyk]-pyrazine). In rats 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine decreased the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) without altering the concentration of serotonin in whole brain. The decrease in 5-HIAA was apparently due to a decrease in serotonin turnover, since 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine caused a slower decline in serotonin concentration after synthesis inhibition by α-propyldopacetamide and a slower accumulation of 5-HIAA after probenecid injection to block its efflux from brain. The decrease in serotonin turnover is an expected result of stimulating serotonin receptors in brain and has earlier been reported to occur with quipazine. Thus all of the results are compatible with the idea that 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine acts as a serotonin receptor agonist in rat brain.
Slovenia's road to democracy

WITH LESS THAN TWO MILLION INHABITANTS and no history of independent statehood in the last millennium, Slovenia seemed to many in the West to be an unlikely candidate for independence. Advocates of large states warned in vain that Slovenia was 'too small' to be viable and suggested that if the republic separated from Yugoslavia, it would inevitably find it necessary to join a federal or confederal union with one of its neighbours-whether Austria, Italy, Croatia, or-in the most fanciful renditioncombining with Austria, Hungary and Croatia to form an entirely new state. Yet despite all this scepticism, Slovenia, which had been a part of Yugoslavia from 1918 to 1941 and again from 1945 on, declared its independence on 25 June 1991. Almost two years later, Slovenia's economy has been strained by the influx of Bosnian refugees, and recovery has been held up by the long delay in passing a bill of privatisation. That said, Slovenia appears to be roughly in a class with Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic in terms of its prospects for carrying out successfully the transition to pluralism. Slovenia has had several important advantages in this regard. First, Slovenia's per capita social product, while lower than Austria's or Italy's, has nonetheless ranked as the highest in Eastern Europe, more than twice as high, for example, as that in Hungary or Poland. Second, the transition to pluralism was begun by the Slovenian communists themselves, for reasons having nothing to do with broader processes in Eastern Europe. Indeed, for reasons quite specific to Slovenia, pluralisation was undertaken (in the late 1980s) by the local communists and local dissidents jointly and cooperatively. Third, the population of Slovenia remains, despite the recent immigration of people from other parts of former Yugoslavia, largely homogeneous: about 90% of the population is Slovenian. Fourth, none of Slovenia's neighbours has either active or inactive claims on its territory. Compared to the uncertainties associated with most of the rest of former Yugoslavia, let alone Transylvania, Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia, and Kaliningrad oblast', there is little to trouble the Slovenian authorities here. Their most difficult 'border' problem has related to free access to the sea through Croatian territorial waters-a problem which might be resolved by trading some territory west of Zagreb in exchange for Cape Savudrija.1 And fifth, Slovenia's transport infrastructure, a critical element in calculating the prospects of economic success, is on a par with other Central and West European states. On the other hand, Slovenia has, since the Serbian side launched its war against Bosnia-Hercegovina at
Applicability/evaluation of flux based representations for linear/higher order elements for heat transfer in structures - Generalized gamma(T)-family

The applicability and evaluation of a generalized gamma(T) family of flux-based representations are examined for two different thermal analysis formulations for structures and materials which exhibit no phase change effects. The so-called H-theta and theta forms are demonstrated for numerous test models and linear and higher-order elements. The results show that the theta form with flux-based representations is generally superior to traditional approaches.
Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Dogs from North Carolina and Virginia

Medical records of 3 dogs from North Carolina and 3 dogs from Virginia with ehrlichial morulae in circulating neutrophils were studied retrospectively. Two clinically distinct disease syndromes, including chronic, moderate to severe anemia (n = 3) and polyarthritis (n = 2) were associated with canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (CGE) in these dogs. One dog was clinically healthy, and abnormalities were not detected during physical examination. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included fever, lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. The most frequent laboratory abnormalities were normocytic normochromic nonregenerative anemia, moderate thrombocytopenia with large platelets, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia. Considerable variability was found in the serologic responses to Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia canis, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis antigens among the 5 dogs for which stored sera were available for indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of portions of the 16S rRNA gene from blood (collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) of 1 severely anemic dog (dog 3) and 1 polyarthritic dog (dog 4) resulted in DNA sequences nearly identical to the GenBank accessions for Ehrlichia ewingii. The DNA sequence from a 3rd dog (dog 5) was most similar to that of E. canis. Serologic or molecular results support the possibility of E. ewingii, E. equi, and E. canis coinfection or serologic cross-reactivity among canine granulocytic and monocytic Ehrlichia species in dogs from North Carolina and Virginia. Variability in response to tetracycline or doxycycline treatment was noted in these dogs, with more rapid resolution of signs in dogs with polyarthritis. We report the 1st cases of CGE in dogs from North Carolina and Virginia, including recognition of CGE in a healthy dog.
Dodecafluoropentane emulsion delays and reduces MRI markers of infarction in a rat stroke model: a preliminary report.

Abstract Background Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe), an oxygen transport agent, has been shown to reduce infarct volume in animal models of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Our study assesses the effect of DDFPe on MRI markers of infarct evolution in the early hours after vascular occlusion in a rat AIS model. We hypothesized that DDFPe will delay the development of MRI markers of AIS and/or reduce the extent of infarction. Methods Permanent, unilateral surgical occlusion of the middle cerebral and common carotid arteries was performed in control (n = 4) and treatment (n = 10) rats. The treatment group received 1 IV dose of 2% w/v DDFPe at 0.6 mL/kg at 1 hour post-occlusion versus none. Diffusion-weighted (DWI) and inversion recovery (IR) MRI sequences were obtained over the 4 hours following occlusion. Infarct extent was quantified by number of abnormal MRI slices per sequence for each group and time point. Student's T-test was applied. Results DDFPe-treated rats demonstrated reduced infarct extent versus controls over combined time points on IR at 5.43 ± 0.40 (mean ± standard error) abnormal slices vs. 7.38 ± 0.58 (P = 0.01) and on DWI at 5.21 ± 0.54 vs. 9.00 ± 0.95 (P Conclusions DDFPe delays and reduces MRI markers of AIS in the early hours following vascular occlusion in a rat stroke model. Further investigation of DDFPe as a neuroprotectant is warranted.
Modified traces on Deligne's category $\underline{\mathrm{Re}}\hspace{0.7pt}\mathrm{p} (S_{t})$

Deligne has defined a category which interpolates among the representations of the various symmetric groups. In this paper we show Deligne's category admits a unique nontrivial family of modified trace functions. Such modified trace functions have already proven to be interesting in both low-dimensional topology and representation theory. We also introduce a graded variant of Deligne's category, lift the modified trace functions to the graded setting, and use them to recover the well-known invariant of framed knots known as the writhe.
Students' Long-Term Evaluation of Introductory Psychology: How Psychology Compares with other Introductory Courses

This survey extended the evaluation of Introductory Psychology beyond student course evaluations to a broader time framework and curricular perspective. Matriculating undergraduates who had completed Introductory Psychology evaluated the course and other introductory courses on educational application items. Results are given for Introductory Psychology, and for Psychology us compared with other introductory courses. T h e implications of employing these results for the curricular evaluation of Introductory Psychology are discussed.
Nativity, Complications, and Pathology are Determinants of Surgical Results for Gastric Cancer

Background. About half the patients involved in the current study were born outside of the United States. Epidemiologic and histologic features and survival estimates were compared with persons born in the United States. Results of gastrectomy with lymph node dissection were studied. Methods. Records of 187 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach were reviewed. Seventy-six with a curative gastrectomy were staged retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done. Results. Seventy-six percent of histologically reviewed curative resections had the intestinal subtype with the same frequency in U.S.-born and foreign-born patients. Fewer patients with proximal third lesions were foreign born. Thirty-six percent had complications. The overall 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimate was 46%: 77% for patients with negative nodes and 33% for patients with positive nodes. N1 survival estimate was 44%; N2, 25%; N3(M1), 0%. All six patients with early gastric cancer are alive 50–147 months after surgery. Other Stage I patients had estimated survival of 65%; Stage II, 52%; Stage III, 40%; and Stage IV, 0%. Multivariate analysis revealed four significant prognostic variables: nativity, histologic subgroup, presence of complications, and number of positive nodes. Conclusions. Proximal gastric cancer was more common in U.S.-born persons. Gastric cancer may be more malignant in U.S.-born persons than in foreign-born persons because their survival was significantly poorer. Complications, a significant adverse factor, were more common in U.S. series. Pancreatectomy with gastrectomy is rarely indicated, because microscopic involvement is rare and complications frequent. The prognostic advantage of a regional lymphadenectomy remains unclear.
Organizational Health Maintenance: The Design of a Knowledge-Based Strategy Support System

Rather than reacting to strategic problems, a healthy organization should focus on preventing debilitating strategic decisions. This research takes the view that the implementation and monitoring of strategic plans should be more open to opportunistic and preventive intervention as made possible by the design and implementation of innovative information systems technologies employing recent knowledge-based systems advancements. A knowledge-based alerting approach to organizational health maintenance OHM is developed. Critical to this approach is the determination of a set of triggers for determining when actions are deemed necessary for preventing strategic problems. An OHM System architecture and implementation are described.
Prolonged uterine artery nitric oxide synthase inhibition modestly alters basal uteroplacental vasodilation in the last third of ovine pregnancy

Mechanisms regulating uteroplacental blood flow (UPBF) in pregnancy remain unclear, but they likely involve several integrated signaling systems. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is considered...