cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photometric Investigation of the Eclipsing Binary Star KN Per

We used the Behlen observatory 0.76 m telescope and the CCD photometer to secure 689 observation of the eclipsing binary star KN Per. The observations were made on 8 nights during 1993 and 1994 with V and R bandpass filters. From 7 determinations of eclipse timings of minimum (V&R together), we have determined a new epoch and an orbital period of 0.8664604 days. The published spectral classification is A9. The 1993 version of the Wilson-Devinney model gave the photometric solutions. The adopted solution indicates that KN Per is a W UMa type contact binary. The mass ratio, q = (m2/m1, where star 1 eclipses at the primary minimum) = 0.23 suggests that KN Per is a W UMa system with A-type configuration. The secondary minimum shows a total eclipse. The asymmetry in the light curve is fitted with a cold spot on the secondary component of the system. The luminosity difference between the components is very large KN Per therefore, is most likely a single line spectroscopic binary. We recommend spectroscopic study of this system. Generally contact systems of spectral type A9 have periods ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 days. KN Per has considerably longer period and thus appears to be an evolved contact system with case B mass transfer.
Superconducting resonators and devices

The high-frequency properties of superconductors are reviewed, including the London, Pippard, and Mattis-Bardeen surface impedance, and techniques for measuring and separating losses are discussed. Residual resistance mechanisms are described and evaluated, including high field effects. The state of knowledge is shown to be adequate for engineering design. Applications of superconducting resonators and lines to filters, tuners, oscillators, amplifiers and mixers, transmission lines, antennas, optical and radiation detection, and materials research are discussed.
Implications of synaptic digitisation and error for neocortical function

Abstract Recent work in hippocampus suggests that correlation-based synaptic strengthening occurs both imprecisely and digitally. We explore this in a model in which synapses are created according to a fitness function and are occasionally incorrectly placed. Synapses spread beyond the high fitness (wm) area to lower fitness (wp) areas to an extent that depends on the error rate and the fitness ratio wm/wp. This limits the accuracy of connections and thus the size of neural networks. We suggest that in neocortex layer 6 cells measure wm/wp and control the plasticity of thalamic relay cells via their burst/tonic transition. If errors do occur despite this mechanism, they can act as seeds for new learning. This in turn requires offline rewiring of layer 6 connections by processes that resemble REM and slow-wave sleep.
Exit from Exit: Resetting the Cell Cycle through Amn1 Inhibition of G Protein Signaling

In S. cerevisiae cells undergoing anaphase, a ras-related GTPase, Tem1, is located on the spindle pole body that enters the daughter cell and activates a signal transduction pathway, MEN, to allow mitotic exit. MEN activation must be reversed after mitotic exit to reset the cell cycle in G1. We find that daughter cells activate an Antagonist of MEN pathway (AMEN) in part through induction of the Amn1 protein that binds directly to Tem1 and prevents its association with its target kinase Cdc15. Failure of Amn1 function results in defects of both the spindle assembly and nuclear orientation checkpoints and delays turning off Cdc14 in G1. Thus, Amn1 is part of a daughter-specific switch that helps cells exit from mitotic exit and reset the cell cycle.
Fluctuating water table effect on phosphorus release and availability from a Florida Spodosol

Spodosols in Florida exhibit a unique hydrology including a fluctuating water table that can often reach the surface horizon during the summer months. This paper evaluated the effects of fluctuating water table on P fluxes and availability in a typical Florida Spodosol. The study was conducted on an established bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) pasture grown on a Smyrna sand (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Aeric Alaquods). Phosphorus fluxes were measured using suction cup lysimeters installed at depths of 15, 30, 60, 90, and 150 cm. The 15- and 30-cm deep lysimeters were located above the spodic (Bh) horizon, whereas the remaining lysimeters (60-, 90- and 150-cm) were below the Bh horizon. A pressure transducer was installed at the center of the experimental site to monitor changes in water table depth. Two anion exchange membranes (2 × 6 cm) were buried in each plot at a 15-cm depth to estimate in situ P availability. During the 2-year study, leachate P concentrations in the lysimeters above the Bh horizon increased as water tables rose in the months of August and September. Conversely, P concentration measured in the lysimeters below the Bh horizon remained relatively constant (0.02 mg L−1). Soil P availability also increased (from 3.2 μg cm−2 in June to 9.2 μg cm−2 in August) in response to rising water table. Results showed that the fluctuating water table conditions experienced during the summer months in Florida cause upward flux of P from the Bh horizon, which increased soil P availability and susceptibility to off-site transport.
Ultrastructure of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ecotype Wassilewskija (Brassicaceae)

The process of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis was studied at the ultrastructural level in wild-typeArabidopsis thaliana ecotype Wassilewskija to provide a basis for comparison with nuclear male-sterile mutants of the same ecotype. From the earliest stage studied to mature pollen just prior to anther dehiscence, microsporocyte/microspore/pollen development follows the general pattern seen in most angiosperms. The tapetum is of the secretory type with loss of the tapetal cell walls beginning at about the time of microsporocyte meiosis. Wall loss exhibits polarity with the tapetal protoplasts becoming located at a distance from the inner tangential walls first, followed by an increase in distance from the radial walls beginning at the interior edge and progressing outward. The inner tangential and radial tapetal walls are completely degenerated by the microspore tetrad stage. Unlike other members of the Brassicaceae that have been studied, the tapetal cells ofA. thaliana Wassilewskija also lose their outer tangential walls, and secretion occurs from all sides of the cells. Exine wall precursors are secreted from the tapetal cells in a process that appears to involve dilation of individual endoplasmic reticulum cisternae that fuse with the tapetal cell membrane and release their contents into the locule. Following completion of the exine, the tapetal cell plastids develop membranebound inclusions with osmiophilic and electron-transparent regions. The plastids undergo ultrastructural changes that suggest breakdown of the inclusion membranes followed by release of their contents into the locule prior to the complete degeneration of the tapetal cells.
Lambert absorption coefficients of water in the frequency range of 3000–934 cm −1

Accurate values for the Lambert absorption coefficients of water have been determined in the atmospherically important frequency region of 3000–934 cm−1 (3.333–10.707 μm). These values were calculated at every 2 wave numbers from linear regression of 13 spectra obtained by using both transmission and internal reflection techniques with varying sample thicknesses. Correlation coefficients (R2) varied from 0.998 to 0.826 and estimated errors in the measured values ranged from 1% to 10%. Results are compared with those reported earlier from single measurements.
Oxygenation of a carbinol carbon in the pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside 2'-hydroxylase reaction.

Abstract 1. 1. The pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside 2'-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.3) reaction of Neurospora crassa was studied with uracil-β- d -arabinofuranoside (AraU) as the nucleoside substrate. 2. 2. That the 2'-carbinol carbon of AraU was oxygenated is indicated by the stoichiometry of the utilization of AraU and formation of products, the requirement for molecular oxygen, the stimulations effected by Fe2+, ascorbate and catalase and the substrate specificity of the 2'-hydroxylase reaction. 3. 3. The parallel loss of the AraU and deoxyuridine-dependent activities upon heat denaturation, their copurification and the lower levels of both activities in a mutant strain deficient in the 2'-hydroxylase indicate that the same enzyme catalyzed the AraU and deoxyuridine-dependent reactions.
The nematic/isotropic interfacial energy: determination from the Frenkel relation for droplet coalescence

Abstract According to the theory of Frenkel, the coalescence kinetics of two identical touching droplets is governed by their surface energy, viscosity and size. We show that the Frenkel relation can be used to determine γNI, the nematic/isotropic interfacial energy, from observations of coalescing nematic droplets in an isotropic matrix. By applying the Frenkel theory to the data of Kahlweit and Ostner for the coalescence of PAP, we obtain γNI ≈ 0.014 dynes/cm. This value is in much better agreement with other published interfacial energies than the result of the original Rayleigh-Webb analysis of Kahlweit and Ostner, who found an approximate lower limit of 5×10−4 dyne/cm for γNI.
Subjects' initial positions, exposure to varying opinions, and the risky shift*

High and low risktakers listened to contrived tape-recorded discussions in which group norms supported either high-, medium-, or low-risk positions. Changes in own risk preferences and in the perception of others’ risk preferences varied with information exposure and initial risk proneness. Ss who heard views similar to their own did not shift in their judgments, whereas those who heard riskier positions than their own shifted toward risk, and those who heard more cautious positions than their own shifted toward caution. The implications of these results for the risk-as-value and the reference group hypotheses are discussed.
Haploscleridamine, a novel tryptamine-derived alkaloid from a sponge of the order haplosclerida: an inhibitor of cathepsin K.

As part of a search for novel inhibitors of cathepsin K, the MeOH extract of a Micronesian sponge of the order Haplosclerida was shown to be active. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract yielded halitoxins, tryptamine, and a novel tryptamine-derived alkaloid, haploscleridamine (1). The tetrahydro-β-carboline structure of haploscleridamine (1) was elucidated through spectral techniques. Haploscleridamine (1) was found to be an inhibitor of cathepsin K with an IC50 of 26 μM.
Realism, Imperialism, and Democracy A Response to Gilbert

R ALISM IS NO DIFFERENT from other social science theories in its effort to provide both analysis and prescription. Alan Gilbert finds the analytic aspects of realism inadequate and its normative implications unfortunate if not reprehensible. Gilbert argues that realism is self-contradictory and antithetical to a world order based on democracy that could lead to peace and prosperity. He maintains that an internationalist perspective would oppose "aggression, colonialism, and neocolonialism, and sustain democracy abroad" (p. 10). He criticizes realism for endorsing concern with the life and well-being of the citizens of one's own state while ignoring the material and political condition of individuals in other states. Realism, Gilbert asserts, endorses the development of a national security apparatus that can be used to suppress the freedom of ordinary individuals domestically as well as in other countries. These are serious issues, worthy of careful consideration. In my view, Gilbert misunderstands the basic analytic claims of realist theory because he confuses domestic politics arguments, which are not realist, with international systems arguments, which are. He misrepresents the normative implications of realism by suggesting that it is an approach that encourages imperialism and expansionism, while, in fact, both the logic of the theory and its most prominent exponents, such as Hans Morgenthau, Kenneth Waltz, and Robert Gilpin, argue exactly the opposite. Gilbert does, though, raise more serious concerns about the relationship between realism and democracy both domestically and internationally. Given the Machiavellian tradition from which realism springs, these concerns cannot easily be dismissed. Neverthe-
Strong intensification of mouse hepatic tamoxifen DNA adduct formation by pretreatment with the sulfotransferase inhibitor and ubiquitous environmental pollutant pentachlorophenol

Although negative in assays for mutagenicity, the clinically important antiestrogen tamoxifen induces hepatic DNA adduct formation in mice, rats and hamsters, as indicated by 32P-postlabeling, and is a potent hepatocarcinogen in rats. Both phenolic and alcoholic metabolites of tamoxifen have been reported. As these metabolites are potential candidates for sulfate conjugation, we examined whether the sulfotransferase inhibitor pentachlorophenol, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, modulates hepatic tamoxifen adduct formation in vivo. Female ICR mice were given tamoxifen (45 mg/kg) daily per os for up to 4 days, with and without i.p. pretreatment with pentachlorophenol (20 mg/kg) 1 h before dosing with tamoxifen. At days 1, 2 and 4, liver DNA was analyzed 5 h after tamoxifen administration by a modified monophosphate version of the 32P-postlabeling assay. At day 4, pentachlorophenol pretreatment led to a large increase (13- to 17-fold) of the levels of four tamoxifen adduct fractions, while two adducts appeared unaffected, resulting in an approximately 7-fold enhancement of overall adduct formation. Significant pentachlorophenol related increases were also observed at day 1 and day 2. The mechanism of this effect has not yet been determined, but may involve the inhibition of sulfation of a tamoxifen metabolite(s) involved in the detoxication of the drug to nonelectrophilic derivatives. It was also apparent that there are two pathways of metabolic activation of tamoxifen, one being sensitive and the other resistant to pentachlorophenol.
New Polypropylene-boron Oxide Composite with a High Tensile Strength: A Possible Method for the Conversion of Microcomposite to Nanocomposite

Industrially viable blends having microstructures that can be converted into a nanostructured material by post chemical treatments, potentially should have a commercially viable solution to the development of nanostructured materials for practical applications. In this regard a polypropylene-boron oxide (PPBO) blend provides a model study here. In this paper we wish to report the synthesis of PPBO blends with different concentrations of boron oxide by melt grafting and through reactive extrusion. The tensile strengths of the ideal blend has been found to be 62% higher than polypropylene (PP). By chemically treating the blends for a period of 24 hours to 72 hours the tensile strength of the blends increased by 152%. The blends have been characterized by Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An interesting characteristic of the PPBO blend has been the development of surface potential that changes upon visible light excitation. The increased tensile strength has been attributed to the conversion of micro structured blends to nanostructured blends. The improvement in thermal stability can be attributed to a good PP matrix-oxide interaction and also due to the thermal conductivity of the boron oxide. The good dispersion of the nanotubes in the polymer matrix allows the spreading of heat uniformly along the fiber.
A robust multi-criteria optimization approach

The overall value of a product is typically determined by its performance with respect to multiple measures. As such, the product design task will be simplified if all these performance measures were optimized simultaneously. Another significant factor that determines product quality is its sensitivity to external or uncontrollable variations. To effectively address these issues in product design, this paper presents a novel robust multiple criteria optimization (RMCO) approach that integrates multi-objective optimization concepts with statistical robust design techniques. In this approach, Pareto-optimal robust design solution sets are obtained with the aid of design of experiment set-ups, that utilize ANOVA results to quantify relative dominance and significance of design factors. Application of this method to engineering design problems is illustrated with the aid of two case studies including a mechanism dimensional synthesis problem.