cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alleviation of autotransfusion‐induced haematological damage by corticosteroids

Thrombocytopenia and haemolysis in intraoperative autotransfusion result mainly from extravascular tissue contact and therefore are not correctable by mechanical improvements in the autotransfusion apparatus. Instead, attention must be directed towards prevention of blood ‘recognition’ of extravascular tissue or stabilization of blood components against this damage. Methylprednisolone is shown to be effective in alleviating red cell and platelet damage induced by intraoperative autotransfusion in the canine model.
Crystallographic analysis of the intermediate phases observed during the conversion of (Bi, Pb)2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ to (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ in composite tapes

Abstract We report our crystallographic analysis of three major intermediate phases during the conversion of (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ (Bi/2212) to (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+δ (Bi/2223) phase in Ag-sheathed composite tapes. The intermediate phase (Ca,Sr) 5+ x (Pb, Bi) 3+ y CuO has a c -centered monoclinic lattice with a =1.723 nm, b =0.975 nm, c =0.342 nm, and α =93.5°; while both (Ca, Sr)CuO 2 and (Ca, Sr) 14 Cu 24 O 41+δ are phase mixtures with nano-precipitates randomly imbedded in their matrix. The structure of the matrix for the former has face-centered monoclinic symmetry with a =1.105 nm, b =0.643 nm, c =0.347 nm, and β =92.3°; the precipitates for the latter are face-centered orthorhombic with a =1.147 nm, b =1.339 nm, and c =0.277 nm. We discuss the structural evolution of these intermediate phases and their relation to Bi/2212 and Bi/2223.
Serum growth hormone (GH)-binding protein/receptor: an important determinant of GH responsiveness.

Individual growth rates (or responses to GH therapy) and adult heights vary over a wide range. The reasons for this variation are poorly understood. Based on the reciprocal relationship between GH production and serum GH-binding protein/receptor (GH-BP), we hypothesized that genetic growth potential was achieved by a specific combination of GH-BP/receptor and GH production in each individual. To address the question whether GH production regulates GH-BP, or vice versa, we studied GH-deficient children, where one of the parameters, GH exposure, could be controlled through exogenous administration. Forty-three untreated prepubertal GH-deficient children were studied before and after 6 and 12 months of GH replacement therapy (0.18 mg/kg.week). Growth velocity, height, bone age, weight and their respective Z scores, serum GH-BP, and serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were measured at each time point. The patients responded with significant increases in serum IGF-I, age-adjusted growth velocity, and he...
Prevention of pneumonic plague in mice, rats, guinea pigs and non-human primates with clinical grade rV10, rV10-2 or F1-V vaccines

Yersinia pestis causes plague, a disease with high mortality in humans that can be transmitted by fleabite or aerosol. A US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed plague vaccine is currently not available. Vaccine developers have focused on two subunits of Y. pestis: LcrV, a protein at the tip of type III secretion needles, and F1, the fraction 1 pilus antigen. F1-V, a hybrid generated via translational fusion of both antigens, is being developed for licensure as a plague vaccine. The rV10 vaccine is a non-toxigenic variant of LcrV lacking residues 271–300. Here we developed Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) protocols for rV10. Comparison of clinical grade rV10 with F1-V did not reveal significant differences in plague protection in mice, guinea pigs or cynomolgus macaques. We also developed cGMP protocols for rV10-2, a variant of rV10 with an altered affinity tag. Immunization with rV10-2 adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide elicited antibodies against LcrV and conferred pneumonic plague protection in mice, rats, guinea pigs, cynomolgus macaques and African Green monkeys. The data support further development of rV10-2 for FDA Investigational New Drug (IND) authorization review and clinical testing.
`All That Glisters Is Not Gold' — Web 2.0 And The Librarian

Web 2.0 and social media applications such as blogs, wikis and social networking sites offer the promise of a more vibrant, social and participatory Internet. There is a growing interest within the library community in debating the potential impact that such services might have within libraries and such debates have gathered around the moniker of `Library 2.0'. To date, however, there has been little theoretical work and there is a need to develop more formal definitions and frameworks. This editorial discusses the origins of the term Web 2.0, provides a structured framework for rationalizing the implications of Web 2.0 services and outlines some of the areas in which librarians are positioned to provide a unique contribution to the further development of such services.
Demonstrating the dangers of Pseudo-random numbers

Computer simulations are everywhere, from the corporate office to the local video game parlor. With the increased role being played by these simulations, it is important for students to be completely aware of the limitations of pseudorandom number generators. The fact that random number generators in use today are not truly random is no secret (The New York Times, C1-C8). Since most simulations produce reasonable results it might be difficult to convince students that there are any problems involved in trusting these random number generators. A simple simulation which can be used as a programming exercise in any language can dramatically reveal these dangers.The exercise used requires a statistical evaluation of π which yields horrible results. The results are not difficult to explain and the exercise can be extended by allowing students to experiment with modifications to the pseudo-random number generator used in attempts to "fix" the problem. This can be useful, as the attempts to fix the pseudorandom number generator usually aggravate rather than alleviate the problem.
Ambiguous stimuli: Sex is in the eye of the beholder

It is usually assumed that sexual material is easily identifiable by its content. The present study investigated whether subjects could be led to interpret ambiguous material as sexual or not via simple instructions. Thematically ambiguous written text was presented to 269 subjects. The principal independent variable was the content of advance information. Advance information was designed to suggest that the accompanying text had either a sexual or a nonsexual theme. After reading the story and completing an intervening task, subjects completed recall and recognition tasks based on the text. These data were used to determine the theme or story interpretation given by subjects. The information contained in the advance organizers influenced subjects' memories for and interpretations of the ambiguous story. When the story was preceded by introductory information that suggested sexual content, subjects tended to attribute sexual meaning to the story. Other subjects attributed a nonsexual meaning to the same text when it was preceded by nonsexual information. Findings suggest that under certain conditions, sex is in the “eye of the beholder.”
Intrinsic bioremediation: an environmental restoration technology

In the past year, there has been a dramatic maturation of intrinsic bioremediation technologies. As methods pertinent to the intrinsic bioremediation of fuel hydrocarbons have become better established, a comprehensive protocol has been developed for the validation and prediction of these processes. Study of intrinsic bioremediation of other prevalent contaminants, such as chlorinated aliphatics, polychlorinated biphenyls, and high explosives, has also been undertaken.
The psychiatric patient as a person

The dehumanization which is so much a part of a technological society is keenly felt by psychiatric patients. Pastors must treat them with care if they are to recover their personhood. The author suggests certain pastoral approaches intended to reflect the values of the inherent worth of persons and their moral responsibility and right to self-fulfillment. Included in the approach is the need to gather the facts, establish rapport, empathize, listen with love, interpret, and have a plan of action.
Emerging themes in epigenetics: implications for understanding and treating nervous system disorders.

†Author for correspondence: Rosyln & Leslie Goldstein Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Brain Disorders & Neural Regeneration, Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience & Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rose F Kennedy Center for Research on Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities, Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA Tel.: +1 718 430 3543 Fax: +1 718 918 7505 mark.mehler@einstein.yu.edu Emerging themes in epigenetics: implications for understanding and treating nervous system disorders
FIELD EMISSION FROM EPITAXIALLY GROWN YTTRIUM ON TUNGSTEN

Abstract Direct observations have been made of the epitaxial growth of Y crystals on W from the vapor phase in a field-electron emission microscope. Nucleation and growth occurs in small patches. Above 800°C the probability of growth of just one crystal on the field emitter surface is high. Nucleation occurs on or at the edges of {011} planes of W and the Y plane nucleated is {0001}, with a 〈1120〉 Y direction parallel to a 〈112〉 W direction.
Hormone-mediated formation of the endocytic complex in mosquito oocytes.

The developmental events leading to oocyte competence to internalize proteins, and the hormonal control of these events in the mosquito Aedes aegypti have been studied. The oocytes of newly eclosed females have an undifferentiated cortex. During previtellogenic development, a highly specialized endocytic complex, consisting of numerous coated vesicles and uncoated endosomes, microvilli, and, presumably, vitellogenin receptors, forms in the oocyte cortex. Morphometric analysis and probes with a protein tracer, horseradish peroxidase, have shown that only the oocytes with developed endocytic complexes are competent for protein uptake. In vivo experiments have demonstrated that the formation of the endocytic complex is controlled by juvenile hormone from the corpora allata. This developmental event was blocked by ablation of corpora allata at eclosion, but it was restored by either implantation of corpora allata into allatectomized female or the application ofjuvenile hormone III.
Effects of Interresponse-Time Shaping on Multiple-Schedule Performance

The experiment reported herein was conducted to determine whether interresponse-time (IRT) shaping can produce different response rates in 2 components of a multiple schedule that are equated with respect to reinforcement rate. To this end, pigeons’ key pecks were reinforced with food, if they terminated IRTs that were more extreme (shorter in 1 component and longer in the other) than 20 of the most recent 24 IRTs, and an average of 30 s had elapsed since the previous reinforcement. Large intercomponent differences in response rate occurred in all of the subjects, even though the intercomponent differences in reinforcement rate were negligible. The relevance of the present findings to prior research on IRT shaping is discussed.
Atmospheric turbulence reciprocal path scattering effects for a ground-based monostatic laser radar tracking a space target

A phenomenological model is developed for the strength and spatial width of the backscattered coherent intensity peak produced by reciprocal path scattering through atmospheric turbulence. The model is applied to a ground-based monostatic laser radar tracking a space target under optically saturated atmospheric turbulence conditions. The models for the amplitude and width of the RPS peak are based upon the spatial coherence widths of the propagating fields over the up-link and down-link paths within the atmospheric turbulence as well as the cross-sectional area of the up- link beam.
Asthma and the Achievement Gap Among Urban Minority Youth

OBJECTIVES: To outline the prevalence and disparities of asthma among school-aged urban minority youth, causal pathways through which poorly controlled asthma adversely affects academic achievement, and proven or promising approaches for schools to address these problems. METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: Asthma is the most common chronic disease affecting youth in the United States; almost 10 million youth under 18 (14%) have received a diagnosis and 6.8 million (9%) have active asthma. Average annual prevalence estimates were approximately 45% higher for Black versus White children (12.8% vs. 8.8%), as were average annual estimates of asthma attacks (8.4% vs. 5.8%). Urban minority youth have highly elevated prevalence of poorly controlled asthma as evidenced by overuse of emergency departments and under-use of efficacious medications. Poorly controlled asthma has functional consequences on cognition, connectedness with school, and absenteeism. Exemplary asthma programs include management and support systems, school health and mental health services, asthma education, healthy school environments, physical education and activity, and coordination of school, family, and community efforts. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma and, more importantly, poorly controlled asthma are highly and disproportionately prevalent among school-aged urban minority youth, has a negative impact on academic achievement through its effects on cognition, school connectedness, and absenteeism, and effective practices are available for schools to address this problem. To reduce the adverse effects of poorly controlled asthma on learning, a multifaceted approach to asthma control and prevention in which schools can and must play a central role is essential.
The general problem for an arbitrarily oriented crack in a FGM layer 1

In this paper, the plane elasticity problem for an unconstrained FGM layer containing an arbitrarily oriented crack is considered. It is assumed that the elastic properties of the material are exponential functions of the thickness coordinate. The problem is formulated in terms of a system of Cauchy-type singular integral equations, which can be solved numerically. The stress intensity factors at the crack tips are computed for mechanical loads. A complete parametric study, by varying both the geometric and material parameters is conducted.
Spectrophotometric determination of substrate-borne polyacrylamide.

Polyacrylamides (PAMs) have wide application in many industries and in agriculture. Scientific research and industrial applications manifested a need for a method that can quantify substrate-borne PAM. The N-bromination method (a PAM analytical technique based on N-bromination of amide groups and spectrophotometric determination of the formed starch−triiodide complex), which was originally developed for determining PAM in aqueous solutions, was modified to quantify substrate-borne PAM. In the modified method, the quantity of substrate-borne PAM was converted to a concentration of starch−triiodide complex in aqueous solution that was then measured by spectrophotometry. The method sensitivity varied with substrates due to sorption of reagents and reaction intermediates on the substrates. Therefore, separate calibration for each substrate was required. Results from PAM samples in sand, cellulose, organic matter burnt soils, and clay minerals showed that this method had good accuracy and reproducibility. The ...
Solid-phase reagents for liquid chromatography detection

Abstract Methods based on solid-phase reagents have been developed for detecting thiols, disulfides and proteolytic enzymes in liquid chromatography eluates. In each method, compounds in the class of interest released chromophoric reagent from the packing material in a short column just beyond the analytical column, and that reagent is then detected in an optical detectro. It is thus possible to eliminate mixing of the eluate with soluble reagents in mixing tees, the approach used in earlier methods for detecting these classes of compounds. The advantages and limitations of the solid phase approach in the present work are likely to attend attempts to apply the method to other detection problems in liquid chromatography.
Characterization of a NADH:Flavin oxidoreductase induced by cholic acid in a 7α-dehydroxylating intestinal Eubacterium species

A NADH:flavin oxidoreductase was partially purified (seven-fold) from an intestinal Eubacterium species V.P.I. 12708 using Bio-Gel A 0.5-M and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm under anaerobic conditions. A molecular weight of 260 000 was estimated by gel filtration chromatography. The partially purified enzyme preparation exhibited single displacement kinetics with respect to the substrates NADH and FAD. The pH optimum under these conditions was 6.8. NADH:flavin oxidoreductase showed an absolute specificity for NADH as electron donor. However, methylene blue, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, K3Fe(CN)6, menadione, riboflavin, FMN and molecular oxygen served as alternate electron acceptors with varying degrees of efficiency. Acriflavin, rotenone, o-phenanthroline, p-chloromercuribenzoate, dicoumarol and 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited enzyme activity. Surprisingly, 0.1 mM cholic acid, but not 0.1 mM deoxycholic acid, rapidly induced NADH:flavin oxidoreductase activity in growing cultures.
Vein Mapping Prior to Endovenous Catheter Ablation of Great Saphenous Vein Predicts Risk of Endovenous Heat-Induced Thrombus Formation

Objectives: The incidence of endovenous heat-induced thrombus (EHIT) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) or radiofrequency ablation (VNUS) of truncal vein is low. However, the consequence may be lethal. We investigate the value of vein mapping prior to vein ablation for predicting the risk of thrombus formation. Methods: 355 consecutive vein mappings were prospectively collected and analyzed. Excluded were 29 patients who did not complete the EVLT or VNUS procedure. All symptomatic patients underwent venous duplex ultrasound to assess for valvular incompetence. Preoperative venous reflux is defined as 0.5 second. Vein mapping of refluxing truncal veins was done at least the day prior and the diameter of the great saphenous vein (GSV) or small saphenous vein (SSV) measured. Post-operative duplex were performed between 5-7 days after the procedure. Bivariate analysis of independent variables by outcomes was performed using Student’s t-test for continuous variable, chi-square test for categorical variables, and logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR). Multivariate logistic models were used to adjust for diameter and refluxing vein. Results: Among the 355 studies in 330 patients, the average age of the patients was 55.2 years; 96 male (29.1%) and 231 female (70.9%); 312 were GSV (95.7%) and 14 SSV (4.3%); 169 right leg (51.4%) and 157 left leg (48.2%). Among 326 veins, 169 were treated with VNUS (51.8%) and 157 EVLT (48.2%). The immediate post-procedure closure was seen in 319 veins (97.9%). Among the 312 GSV ablation procedures, 10 (3.2%) developed EHIT or DVT. When comparing the group of patients who developed EHIT versus no EHIT, the mean GSV diameter was 12.75 5.76 mm versus 8.5 3.44 mm (OR 1.23, P .001), the presence of valvular incompetence at the saphenofemoral junction was 8.33% vs. 0.44% (OR 20.64, p .001), and 3.09% in VNUS vs. 2% in EVLT (OR 0.64, P .54) Conclusions: Patients with valvular insufficiency of the saphenofemoral junction and a large proximal GSV diameter had significantly higher risk of developing heat-induced thrombus formation after endovenous catheter ablation. There was no difference in the occurrence of EHIT with EVLT or VNUS procedures in our series.
Localization in one-dimensional random superlattices

The electronic structure of random sequences of superlattice layers is studied within the one‐dimensional Anderson model. We find significant variation of the degree of localization of the band‐tail states with the random stacking sequence. Comparison of the calculated results with existing data on the photoluminescence of disordered superlattices is made.
Oral submucosal dendrocytes: factor XIIIa+ and CD34+ dendritic cell populations in normal tissue and fibrovascular lesions.

Factor XIIIa+ and CD34+ dendritic cells, believed to be subsets of monocyte/macrophages, have been identified in dermis and in dermal tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and distribution of analogous cell types in oral sub-mucosa and oral fibro-vascular lesions. Antibodies to XIIIa, CD34, S-100 protein, and macrophage antigen (MAC 387) were tested on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from normal mucosa, peripheral fibroma (PF), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POP), peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), pyogenic granuloma (PG), lymphangioma (La), benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH), idiopathic histiocytosis (IH), angiofibroma (Af) using an ABG immunoperoxidase technique. Numbers of positively stained cells were compared to unstained cells in the tumors. XII la positive submucosal dendrocytes (GD34-, S-100-, MAC 387-) were found in abundance in normal tissue in characteristic distributions: collagen-associated, vessel-associated, and lymphoid-associated. The percentage of XIIIa+ cells in the oral tumors was as follows: PF: 10–30%, POF: 5–10%, PGCG: 0–5%, PG: 5–20%, La: 0%, BPH: 5–25%, IH: 0%, and Af: 10–20%. CD34+ dendrocytes (XIIIa-, S-100-, MAC 387-) were few in number and were found in deeper submucosa, especially around skeletal muscle. Other than blood vascular endothehum, CD34+ cells were not generally seen in the oral tumors studied. It is concluded that two previously unrecognized dendrocyte populations reside in normal submucosa. XIIIa+ cells participate in the formation of some oral reactive and neoplastic lesions.
Evolution of Social Science Information Sources in Asia: The South Korean Case.

This paper examines the increasing output of South Korean government publications in social science titles. It attributes the cause primarily to modernization and democratization combined with economic development and growth in associated social life indicators. Government sponsorship of education and research also played a critical role.
Small-signal stability assessment of the power electronic-based AC systems using impedance measurnment-based technique

Small-signal stability analysis of the Power Electronic-based Distribution Systems (PEDS) plays a prominent role in different stages of the systems analyses such as, preoperational (design), operational, and post-operational. Nowadays, due to increases in integration of renewable energy resources into power systems, in addition to invention of Power Electronic-based Components (PECs) such as: Solid State Transformers (SSTs), machine drives, and inverters, the nature of stability investigation is considerably changed due to the capability of these devices to operate as negative impedances in the systems. Therefore, small-signal stability needs to be addressed as well as large-signal stability in the PEDS. In addition, since the power consumers in the system are currently more sensitive, the priority to have a complete and comprehensive stability study of the system is imperative. Herein, small-signal stability analysis techniques developed based on impedance measurement of the PECs along with their pros and cons are described. A new small-signal stability analysis method based on d-q impedance measurement is developed and the stability of an individual SST connected to the AC source/load is investigated from its AC interface.
The Planet Venus: Information received from Mariner V and Venera 4 is compared

Planet Venus, discussing Mariner 5 and Venera 4 space probes, solar wind, upper atmosphere, ionosphere, atmospheric temperature and pressure and water detection
Synthesis and crystal structures of mono-potassium salts of calix[4]arene and p - tert -butylcalix[4]arene

Abstract The mono-potassium salts obtained by the action of K2CO3 on calix[4]arene and p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene are found to possess very similar solid-state dimer structures that differ only in the presence of a cation–π interaction in the former. The mono-potassium salt obtained by the action of KOSiMe3 on p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene, on the other hand, is found to possess a monomeric structure.
Glycoxidation and oxidative stress in Parkinson disease and diffuse Lewy body disease

Oxidative stress is well accepted as an important pathogenic factor in Parkinson disease, based largely on indirect evidence. Recently, we have developed antibodies that recognize specific advanced glycation end-products (anti-pentosidine and anti-pyrraline), protein modifications that are potentiated by oxidative stress in a process termed glycoxidation. We applied these antibodies immunocytochemically to affected regions in Parkinson disease and diffuse Lewy body disease brains. Additionally, we used antibodies to heme oxygenase-1, a putative marker of oxidative stress response. Immunoreactivity to pentosidine, pyrraline, and heme oxygenase-1 was seen in the substantia nigra of Parkinson disease and the neocortex of diffuse Lewy body disease. Heme oxygenase-1 was further demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy in intimate association with filaments of cortical Lewy bodies. Immunolocalization of advanced glycation end-products and a marker of oxidative stress response induction provides evidence that glycoxidation and oxidative stress may be an important pathogenic factor in diseases characterized by Lewy body formation, and furthers the evidence that cytoskeletal proteins and their inclusions are susceptible to oxidative stress.
Preparing for the In-Training Service Examination

rogram chairmen and directors and other surgical educators make decisions about surgical education that will have a ripple effect on esidents, and eventually, medical students. This section is designed to show you residents’ perspectives and thoughts about issues in surgical ducation that affect their lives, their education, and their treatment of patients. In each issue, 2 residents from across the nation will be asked o write their response to a question, given to them by the editorial staff. This issue’s question is ‘‘What advice do you offer your junior residents hen asked ‘How should I prepare for the in-training exam?’ ’’
Effect of mixing method and storage temperature of cement constituents on the fatigue and porosity of acrylic bone cement.

The influence of the storage temperature of the cement constituents prior to mixing (21 vs. 4°C) and the mixing method (hand mixing vs. vacuum mixing) on the uniaxial tension–compression fatigue performance and porosity of Palacos® R acrylic bone cement was studied. The fatigue results were analyzed using the three-parameter Weibull equation. The fatigue performance was expressed as an index I, which was defined as the product of the Weibull characteristic fatigue life and the square root of the Weibull slope. Statistical analyses of these results show that although the mixing method (for a given storage temperature) exerts a significant influence on the fatigue performance and areal porosity, the effect of storage temperature (for a given mixing method) on either of these parameters is not significant. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 48: 143–149, 1999
Abdominal aortic injury associated with transverse lumbar spine fracture--imaging findings

The association of abdominal aortic injury with transverse fractures of the lumbar spine is not well recognized. Three cases are presented with description of a mechanism common to both injuries that may explain this association — that of distraction and hyperflexion, such as occurs in seat-belt injuries. Whenever a transverse lumbar spine fracture following such a mechanism of injury is recognized, the co-existence of an injury to the abdominal aorta should be excluded by aortography if there is any doubt concerning the integrity of the peripheral pulses. This is best performed prior to laparotomy for any associated intraperitoneal injuries. Repeated clinical examination may detect deterioration in those cases with initially normal pulses. Ultimately, detection of the aortic injury rests on a high index of suspicion.
Weak convergence of currents and cancellation

In this article, we study the relationship between the weak limit of a sequence of integral currents in a metric space and the possible Hausdorff limit of the sequence of supports. Due to cancellation, the weak limit is in general supported in a strict subset of the Hausdorff limit. We exhibit sufficient conditions in terms of topology of the supports which ensure that no cancellation occurs and that the support of the weak limit agrees with the Hausdorff limit of the supports. We use our results to prove countable \({{\fancyscript H}^m}\)-rectifiability of the Gromov-Hausdorff limit of sequences of Lipschitz manifolds Mn all of which are λ-linearly locally contractible up to some scale r0. In the Appendix, we show that the Gromov-Hausdorff limit need not be countably \({{\fancyscript H}^m}\) -rectifiable if the Mn have a common local geometric contractibility function which is only concave (and not linear). We also relate our results to work of Cheeger-Colding on the limits of noncollapsing sequences of manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature.
Gender differences in substance abuse treatment and barriers to care among persons with substance use disorders with and without comorbid major depression

OBJECTIVES: To compare substance use disorders (SUD) treatment patterns and barriers to such treatment among men and women with SUD with and without comorbid major depressive episodes (MDE) in a community sample. METHODS: Using data from adult participants in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2005-2010, we investigated differences by sex in the association of MDE comorbidity with SUD on patterns of, perceived unmet need for, and the perceived barriers to SUD treatments. RESULTS: Compared with participants with SUD without MDE, both men and women with comorbid SUD and MDE were more likely to use SUD services or to report an unmet need for such treatment. Sex modified the association of comorbidity and treatment patterns: males with MDE comorbidity had a greater likelihood of emergency room visits and use of inpatient services than females. Barriers to substance treatment were remarkably similar for males and females in both the SUD without MDE group and with MDE group, with attitudinal factors being the most common barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity with MDE seems to be an important predictor of service utilization and perceived need for SUD treatment in both men and women. The association of comorbidity with the use of some types of services, however, seems to vary according to sex. The findings have implications for the design of sex-specific SUD treatment programs. Language: en
Theory of vibrational mode intensities in inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy

We use a transfer-Hamiltonian formalism to develop a theory for the intensity of vibrational modes in inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) of organic molecules in metal-insulator-metal junctions. The initial and final electron states are localized on opposite sides of the insulating barier and are described by Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) wave functions. The interaction potential between the tunneling electron and the vibrating molecule is a sum of Coulomb potentials; each element in the sum corresponding to a partial charge localized on an atom in the molecule. The theory predicts properly the magnitudes of the integrated intensities in IETS as well as the ratio of intensities for opposite bias voltages. It also predicts that Raman-active modes should be comparable in intensity to infrared modes, even neglecting bond polarizabilities, and that modes forbidden to optical spectroscopies may be observable in IETS. We further describe how the orientation of the doped molecules on the surface can be inferred from IETS intensities.
Flight deck based indications and alerting to increase runway safety

This paper describes the development of a surface alerting capability based on the use of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) that is projected for use by many classes of aircraft and at a range of airports. The capability is intended to help reduce the risk of runway incursions and collisions. The capability is developed by a working group that is part of RTCA Special Committee (SC) 186. The capability has been termed the Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness on the Airport Surface with Indications and Alerts (ATSA SURF IA). The capability description is currently in draft status and is projected to be completed by mid 2009. This paper presents the current activity along with a concept description and a description of the main engineering and human factors issues.
HPV vaccine acceptance among adolescent males and their parents in two suburban pediatric practices

Abstract Purpose To measure HPV vaccine acceptance among unvaccinated adolescent males and parents and correlate acceptance with knowledge, awareness, and personal experience. Methods Adolescent males ages 11–21 years old and their parents completed questionnaires measuring attitudes and knowledge about HPV vaccination and personal experience. Acceptance was defined as wanting the vaccine and conditional acceptance as wanting the vaccine if it would protect against genital warts or cervical cancer. Results Adolescent ( n = 154) and parent ( n = 121) vaccine acceptance was low (16% and 34%, respectively); however, conditional acceptance was higher. While adolescents had similar conditional acceptance for a vaccine against genital warts and cervical cancer, parents reported higher conditional acceptance for protection against genital warts. Independent predictors of acceptance included personal experience and demographic variables. Conclusions HPV vaccine acceptance among adolescents and parents was low. Conditional acceptance levels highlight the importance of education about a few important benefits of HPV vaccination, which may increase vaccination rates.
Age-Correlated Gene Expression in Normal and Neurodegenerative Human Brain Tissues

Background Human brain aging has received special attention in part because of the elevated risks of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease in seniors. Recent technological advances enable us to investigate whether similar mechanisms underlie aging and neurodegeneration, by quantifying the similarities and differences in their genome-wide gene expression profiles.
Aging of a low molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate)

Abstract Dielectric relaxation of a low molecular weight PMMA was measured in both the equilibrium and glassy states. The intense β process, due to motion of the pendant ester moiety, exhibits a change in T -dependence of both its relaxation time and dielectric strength at T g , reflecting the coupling of this high frequency process to the backbone conformational changes underlying the α dynamics. Consequently, we can exploit the change in the properties of the β process during physical aging to quantify the α relaxation time and its T -dependence for glassy PMMA. The obtained values, τ α > 10 4 , are too long for direct measurement.
External heavy-atom effect of gold in a supramolecular acid–base π stack

The nucleophilic trinuclear Au(I) ring complex Au3(p-tolNCOEt)3, 1, forms a sandwich adduct with the organic Lewis acid octafluoronaphthalene, C10F8. The 1·C10F8 adduct has a supramolecular structure consisting of columnar interleaved 1 ∶ 1 stacks in which the Au3(p-tolNCOEt)3 π-base molecules alternate with the octafluoronaphthalene π-acid molecules with distances between the centroid of octafluoronaphthalene to the centroid of 1 of 3.458 and 3.509 A. The stacking with octafluoronaphthalene completely quenches the blue photoluminescence of Au3(p-tolNCOEt)3, which is related to inter-ring Au–Au bonding, and leads to the appearance of a bright yellow emission band observed at room temperature. The structured profile, the energy, and the lifetime indicate that the yellow emission of the 1·C10F8 adduct is due to monomer phosphorescence of the octafluoronaphthalene. The 3.5 ms lifetime of the yellow emission of 1·C10F8 is two orders of magnitude shorter than the lifetime of the octafluoronaphthalene phosphorescence, thus indicating a strong gold heavy-atom effect. The diffuse-reflectance spectrum of the solid adduct shows new absorptions that are red-shifted from the absorptions of the monomeric organic and inorganic components alone, indicating charge transfer. Luminescence excitation spectra suggest that these new absorptions represent the major excitation route that leads to the yellow luminescence of 1·C10F8, which is different from the conventional heavy-atom effect in which the phosphorescence route entails simply the enhancement of the S1–T1 intersystem crossing of the organic compound.
The 2020 federal knowledge worker

Purpose – This paper aims to look at the culture of federal workers and some reasons why workers may or may not want to share knowledge among their peers. To overcome the resistance to knowledge sharing, the paper seeks to explore the benefits of having a knowledge management facilitator with experience in the social professions guiding an agency toward becoming a team learning organization. The objective is to show how cultural changes among the federal workers can enable them to participate in team learning and achieve their fullest potential in their careers and their personal lives. Through employee enrichment, federal organizations can enable their workers to achieve new goals, which in turn can promote improved efficiency, innovation, and effectiveness within the organization.Design/methodology/approach – Some federal agencies have a strong KM program in place that applies the concepts involving people, processes, learning and technology as part of their culture. Others have focused on the technolog...
Tax-Exempt Debt: An Intergovernmental Perspective:

The amount of tax-exempt debt has dramatically grown in recent years, although this growth has slowed with the passage of the Tax Reform Act of 1986. At the same time, real rates of return on this debt have risen. These phenomena may be explained by the effects of the federal and state governments. This article discusses the state and local policy variables that influence the market for intergovernmental debt. Placing these variables in a model of supply and demand for tax-exempt debt and analyzing them for unintended consequences and feedback loops produces a more robust and accurate picture of this market. Policy conclusions are then drawn to indicate the appropriate role for state and local governments in the tax-exempt arena.
632. Sustained Function and Enhanced Replicative Capacity of Anti-Tumor CD4+ Effectors by Enforced Co-Stimulation

Optimal T-Cell activation for cytokine production, expansion and retention of effector functions requires multiple signals provided by co-stimulatory receptor signaling together with TCR-CD3 complex signaling. A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in our original redirected cytolytic T cells (CTLs) contains just a CD3z signal alone (Kahlon KS et al., 2004. Cancer Research), which may not be able to induce a full immune response in targeting tumors that rarely express costimulatory molecules. To circumvent this limitation, we improve the current CAR by addition of the cytoplasmic domain of CD28 and 4-1BB co-stimulator receptors. The resulting CAR composed of the CD28-41BB- CD3z tripartite cytoplasmic domain augments the levels of specific tumor-induced IL-2, INF-g gene expression and cytokine expression and accelerates cytolytic activity. Interestingly, combing z with CD28 and 41BB co-stimulation confers CD4+ effector cells on retention of immunological response to subsequent tumor antigen encounter in the absence of IL-2. Overall, this study has demonstrated that incorporation of costimulatory activity in CAR is a powerful approach to improve current immunotherapeutic strategies.
Dense random packed model for amorphous Ni35Zr65: Influence of the heat of mixing☆

The structure of amorphous Ni/sub 35/Zr/sub 65/ alloy was simulated by a Dense Random Packed (DRP) model. The model was relaxed by minimizing its elastic energy through the use of a modified Keating potential that included only central forces with interatomic bonds of equal strength. The Bathia-Thornton number concentration (NC) distributions and the Warren chemical short range order parameter, ..cap alpha../sub w/, were deduced from the model and compared with measurements in rapidly quenched Ni/sub 35/Zr/sub 65/. The DRP model simulates a truly random alloy for which ..cap alpha../sub w/ = 0. Since ..cap alpha../sub w/ = -0.04 for the actual alloy, the fraction of Ni-Zr nearest neighbors in the alloy exceeds that in the model. The effects of decreasing the strength of any one of the interatomic bonds (Ni-Ni, Ni-Zr, or Zr-Zr) were investigated. It was found that the bond relaxations cause a sharpening of some of the peaks in NC distributions but have no effect on the value of ..cap alpha../sub w/. The effect of permuting Ni and Zr atoms, so as to increase the number of Ni-Zr nearest neighbors at the expense of Ni-Ni and Zr-Zr pairs, was also investigated. It was found that these permutations improvemore » the agreement between the calculated and the measured NC distributions and generate an ..cap alpha../sub w/ value of -0.038.« less
A note on the dimensions of projections of cells inEn

We answer a question of J. Sternfeld by producing a topological 3-cell in four dimensional Euclidean space whose projection onto the plane of the first two co-ordinate axes is a 2-cell but whose projections onto the 3-spaces determined by the first, second and third as well as the first, second and fourth co-ordinate axes are also 2-cells. We generalize this construction in higher dimensions.
Synthesis of carba vasopressin analogues by solid-phase cyclization

A method is described for the solid-phase cyclization of analogues of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in which one of the sulfur atoms of the disulfide bridge is formally replaced by a methylene group and in which the terminal amino group is formally replaced by a hydrogen atom. The linear precursors of these vasopressin analogues were assembled by a standard Merrifield solid-phase procedure and were cyclized by intramolecular peptide bond formation while the peptide was still attached to the resin support; then the final products were simultaneously deprotected and released from the polymeric support by treatment with liquid hydrogen fluoride. The products of this synthetic procedure were isolated by chromatography and exhibited high biological activities. This method for cyclization of resin-bound peptide is being applied in the synthesis of many other cyclopeptides for conformation and biological studies.
Albert Memmi and Audre Lorde: Gender, Race, and the Rhetorical Uses of Anger

Feminists, like members of other oppressed groups, are likely to embrace many aspects of Albert Memmi’s profound analysis of domination and oppression. Even though feminists can find common cause with Memmi in many respects, nevertheless they are likely to find themselves at odds with what Memmi says and does not say about women.
‘A Place for Everything and Everything in its Place’: Christian Charity in Nineteenth Century Washington

Les activites charitables d'une paroisse protestante: le "Home" de l'Epiphany Church. Dernier quart du XIX siecle.
A Physically Based Approach for Modeling Multiphase Fracture-Matrix Interaction in Fractured Porous Media

Modeling fracture-matrix interaction within a complex multiple phase flow system is a key issue for fractured reservoir simulation. Commonly used mathematical models for dealing with such interactions employ a dual- or multiple-continuum concept, in which fractures and matrix are represented as overlapping, different, but interconnected continua, described by parallel sets of conservation equations. The conventional single-point upstream weighting scheme, in which the fracture relative permeability is used to represent the counterpart at the fracture-matrix interface, is the most common scheme by which to estimate flow mobility for fracture-matrix flow terms. However, such a scheme has a serious flaw, which may lead to unphysical solutions or significant numerical errors. To overcome the limitation of the conventional upstream weighting scheme, this paper presents a physically based modeling approach for estimating physically correct relative permeability in calculating multiphase flow between fractures and the matrix, using continuity of capillary pressure at the fracture-matrix interface. The proposed approach has been implemented into two multiphase reservoir simulators and verified using analytical solutions and laboratory experimental data. The new method is demonstrated to be accurate, numerically efficient, and easy to implement in dual- or multiple-continuum models.
Process as currency with the courts: judicial scrutiny of directors' decisions

A critical issue in corporate governance around the world is how much deference should be allocated to boards of directors and management. This paper addresses this question from a positive normative perspective and concludes that the amount of deference accorded to corporate decisions (and to decisions made in other contexts) is a function of the amount of process that boards and managers have used in arriving at such decisions. Courts and legislatures defer to decisions by corporate boards of directors when those boards have constructed and utilised a procedural infrastructure for their decision making that courts deem satisfactory.