cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting self-reported total, aggressive, and income offending with the youth version of the psychopathy checklist: gender- and factor-level interactions.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender moderates the interaction between Factor 1 (F1: core interpersonal-affective traits of psychopathy) and Factor 2 (F2: social deviance and disinhibition) of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV; Forth, Kosson, & Hare, 2003) in predicting future offending. A group of 806 (679 boys, 127 girls) adjudicated delinquents from the Pathways to Desistance study (Mulvey, 2013) completed the PCL:YV and were followed for 7 years. When gender and the PCL:YV factor scores were entered into the 1st step of a hierarchical regression analysis, only gender and Factor 2 successfully predicted total, aggressive, and income offending. The 2-way (F1 × F2, F1 × Gender, F2 × Gender) and 3-way (F1 × F2 × Gender) interactions entered at Steps 2 and 3, respectively, failed to achieve significance. Because several of the interactions involving gender approached statistical significance, male and female data were analyzed separately. A significant interaction between Factors 1 and 2 for income offending in the female subsample surfaced, but contrary to previous research, Factor 2 predicted income offending in youth scoring low, rather than high, on Factor 1. Overall, these results indicate that Factor 2 is the component responsible for the bulk of predictive efficacy observed with the PCL:YV in males as well as in females and that if Factor 1 moderates Factor 2 in females it does so in a manner opposite to what has been proposed by advocates of the PCL F1 × F2 interaction hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Unexpected inertial loading in rapid reversal movements: Violations of equifinality

Abstract In previous work using rapid horizontal positioning movements, unexpected inertial loads result in no shift in the final limb position, a result which has come to be known as the ‘equifinality principle’. In the present study, rapid single-joint reversal (i.e., sequential) movements were used, with enertial loads being either added or subtracted unexpectedly in two experiments. Contrary to the equifinality principle, the position of the reversal point was shortened if load was added, and lengthened if load was subtracted. These findings suggest that, unlike rapid positioning movements, sequential responses have an underlying temporal structure that causes the deviations from equifinality. These results do not agree with recent dynamical viewpoints for motor behavior in which such underlying temporal structures are supposedly absent.
Experimental transvitreal cyanoacrylate retinopexy

We used an experimental rabbit model of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment to compare the onset, quality, and duration of chorioretinal adhesions obtained by transvitreal application of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate mixed with iophendylate with those obtained by transscleral retinal cryopexy. The chorioretinal adhesions produced by the cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive were immediate in onset, stronger, and long lasting.
A comparative study of the effects of growth and differentiation factor 5 on muscle-derived stem cells and bone marrow stromal cells in an in vitro tendon healing model.

Purpose To investigate the ability of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) supplemented with growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) to improve tendon healing compared with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in an in vitro tendon culture model. Methods Eighty canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons were assigned into 5 groups: repaired tendon (1) without gel patch interposition (no cell group), (2) with BMSC-seeded gel patch interposition (BMSC group), (3) with MDSC-seeded gel patch interposition (MDSC group), (4) with GDF-5–treated BMSC-seeded gel patch interposition (BMSC+GDF-5 group), and (5) with GDF-5–treated MDSC-seeded gel patch interposition (MDSC+GDF-5 group). After culturing for 2 or 4 weeks, the failure strength of the healing tendons was measured. The tendons were also evaluated histologically. Results The failure strength of the repaired tendon in the MDSC+GDF-5 group was significantly higher than that of the non-cell and BMSC groups. The stiffness of the repaired tendons in the MDSC+GDF-5 group was significantly higher than that of the non-cell group. Histologically, the implanted cells became incorporated into the original tendon in all 4 cell-seeded groups. Conclusions Interposition of a multilayered GDF-5 and MDSC-seeded collagen gel patch at the repair site enhanced tendon healing compared with a similar patch using BMSC. However, this increase in vitro was relatively small. In the clinical setting, differences between MDSC and BMSC may not be substantially different, and it remains to be shown that such methods might enhance the results of an uncomplicated tendon repair clinically. Clinical relevance Muscle-derived stem cell implantation and administration of GDF-5 may improve the outcome of tendon repair.
The role of glucagon in the pathogenesis of the endogenous hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus

The effect of glucagon suppression by somatostatin upon endogenous hyperglycemia was studied in three forms of experimental insulin deficiency in dogs: alloxan diabetes, total pancreatectomy, and diazoxide administration. In six insulin-requiring alloxan-diabetic dogs deprived of insulin for 24 hr, mean plasma glucose declined to 77% ± 6% of the baseline level of 350 ± 41 mg/dl during 3 hr of glucagon suppression, significantly below the unsuppressed saline controls (p < 0.01−0.05). When somatostatin was discontinued, glucagon rose and glucose increased 21% (p < 0.05) in 30 min. Significant correlation between maximal changes in glucagon and glucose was observed (r = 0.81; p < 0.001). Even during a 1-hr alanine infusion in such dogs, glucose declined an average of 36 ± 9 mg/dl, instead of rising 51 ± 7 mg/dl as in unsuppressed controls. Maximal changes in glucagon and glucose were correlated (r = 0.85; p < 0.01). In eight depancreatized dogs pretreated intravenously with continuous insulin and glucose infusions, withdrawal of insulin was followed by a rise in extrapancreatic glucagon; mean plasma glucose rose from 212 ± 43 to 415 ± 80 mg/dl 270 min after the end of the insulin infusion. However, when glucagon was suppressed after insulin withdrawal, glucose remained below 240 mg/dl, significantly less than the controls (p < 0.005); when somatostatin was stopped, glucagon rose and glucose increased 88 ± 19 mg/dl within an hour. The rises in glucagon and glucose were significantly correlated (r = 0.68; p < 0.05). Glucagon suppression by somatostatin during diazoxide-induced blockade of insulin secretion in four normal dogs reduced hyperglycemia significantly but did not prevent it. The results support the hypothesis that a relative or absolute excess of glucagon, as well as a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin, is etiologically important in the development of endogenous hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, the hyperglucagonemia probably mediating the glucose overproduction.
Single and double square-loop frequency-selective surfaces with thick metallization

Single and double square-loop frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) are investigated to determine the effects of metallization thickness on the scattering characteristics. Results presented are computed via a spatial-domain method of moments technique using triangular patch basis functions. To isolate the effects of metallization thickness, freestanding screens of infinite extent are considered.
Gastric emptying during exercise: effects of heat stress and hypohydration.

To determine the effects of acute heat stress, heat acclimation and hypohydration on the gastric emptying rate of water (W) during treadmill exercise, ten physically fit men ingested 400 ml of W before each of three 15 min bouts of exercise (treadmill, ∼50% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}} } $$ ) on five seperate occasions. Stomach contents were aspirated after each exercise bout. Before heat acclimation (ACC), experiments were performed in a neutral (18°C), hot (49°C) and warm (35°C) environment. Subjects were euhydrated for all experiments before ACC. After ACC, the subjects completed two more experiments in the warm (35°C) environment; one while euhydrated and a final one while hypohydrated (-5% of body weight). The volume of ingested water emptied into the intestines at the completion of each exercise bout was inversely correlated (P<0.01) with the rectal temperature (r=-0.76). The following new observations were made: 1) exercise in a hot (49°C) environment impairs gastric emptying rate as compared with a neutral (18°C) environment, 2) exercise in a warm (35° C) environment does not significantly reduce gastric emptying before or after heat acclimation, but 3) exercise in a warm environment (35° C) when hypohydrated reduces gastric emptying rate and stomach secretions. Reductions in gastric emptying appear to be related to the severity of the thermal strain induced by an exercise/heat stress.
Construction of the Jordan basis for the Baker map.

The Jordan canonical form basis states for an invertible chaotic map, the Baker map, are constructed. A straightforwardly obtained recursion formula is presented for construction of the Jordan states and of the spectral decomposition of the Frobenius–Perron evolution operator. Comparison of this method with earlier, subdynamics techniques demonstrates that it is much more direct and simpler. The physical significance of the Jordan states is approached from the point of view of an entropy evolution equation. The method is also applied to the Bernoulli map, yielding its eigenstates more straightforwardly than done previously.
A DAIRY‐BASED ESPRESSO BEVERAGE MANUFACTURED USING THREE DIFFERENT COFFEE BEAN ROASTS

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of coffee bean roast on the acceptability of a dairy-based espresso drink. Espresso coffee was made from freshly ground coffee beans with light-medium roast, between roast (between medium and dark) and dark French roast in order to show the influence of roasting on flavor. Samples were prepared by blending skim milk, soft-serve ice cream mix, ice and fresh espresso extracts. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were detected in total solids and fat content among treatments. Viscosity for the light-medium roasted beverage was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the others. The beverage pH increased with increased darkening of roast. The beverage made with the light-medium roasted coffee had significantly (P < 0.05) higher preference scores for coffee flavor and overall flavor than beverages made with the between and French roasts. The between and French roasted treatments were shown to have a more intense coffee flavor by trained sensory panelists. Consumers in this study preferred a less intense coffee flavor.
Catabolism of adenine nucleotides in adenosine deaminase deficient erythrocytes

Abstract In vitro incubation studies using fluoride and iodoacetate as glycolytic inhibitors have been carried out on red cells of the two subjects with adenosine deaminase deficiency. For comparison, similar studies have also been carried out on red cells from a normal subject and from a child with severe combined immunodeficiency with normal adenosine deaminase activity. The adenosine formed in the adenosine deaminase deficient red cells is a measure of adenosine 5′-phosphate breakdown initiated by 5′-nucleotidase, whereas inosine 5′-phosphate, inosine and hypoxanthine formation is a measure of adenosine 5′-phosphate breakdown initiated by adenylate deaminase. With fluoride as inhibitor, nearly all of the adenosine 5′-phosphate breakdown proceeded by way of adenylate deaminase, while with iodoacetate as inhibitor, 20–30% of the adenosine 5′-phosphate breakdown was initiated by 5′-nucleotidase acting on adenosine 5′-phosphate. In addition, significant amounts of adenine were produced in adenosine deaminase deficient red cells in the presence of the glycolytic inhibitors. Possible explanations for the findings noted in this study are discussed and related to recent studies on the properties of the pertinent purine nucleotide catabolic enzymes.
Structural phase boundary of SrTiO 3 under [111] stress

The first electron paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) experiments under tension in an oxide are reported. They show that for SrTiO3 in the physically accessible region, the cubictetragonal phase boundary is along the [111] tension axis and not temperature near the particular novel multicritical point, which occurs for finite stress. This occurrence is tentatively attributed to the cubic anisotropic fluctuations in this material.
The reactions of C(α), O-dilithiooximes, C(α), N-dilithiophenylhydrazones, and C(α), N,N-trilithiohydrazones with diethyl oxalate to give biisoxazoles, bipyrazoles, and pyridazones

Several C(α), O-dilithiooximes were condensed with diethyl oxalate and acid-cyclized to give biisoxazoles. Only dilithio p-fluoroacetophenone phenylhydrazone gave the bipyrazole when condensed with this diester. Other C(α), N-dilithiophenylhydrazones and several C(α), N,N-trilithio-hydrazones were condensed with diethyl oxalate and acid-cyclized to give the intramolecular 4-hydroxy-3-pyridazones. Several non-cyclized intermediates were isolated and a reaction mechanism is presented.
Elevated temperature viscous remanent magnetization of natural and synthetic multidomain magnetite

The time-temperature relationship of magnetization is a subject of much interest and debate by paleomagnetists, rock magnetists, and magnetic anomaly modellers. We have investigated this relationship by studying the viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) of coarse-grained multidomain (MD) magnetite. Our experiments covered the temperature range from 22 to 400 C, times from minutes to months, and included both Australian granulite samples and multidomain magnetite samples synthesized by the glass ceramic method. VRM acquisition was found to generally increase with temperature but not always at the rate predicted from classical thermal fluctuation theories. Thermal cycling between room temperature (at which the measurements were made) and the VRM acquisition temperature sharply decreased the temperature dependence of the VRM. Room temperature VRM acquisition accelerates with time when plotted on a semilog plot, whereas at elevated temperature the curves are quasilinear against log(time) for both the natural and synthetic samples. This change in behavior may suggest a variation in the VRM acquisition mechanism as a function of temperature for MD magnetite. The granulites have a nearly linear increase in VRM acquisition rate with temperature whereas the glass ceramics display little change in the acquisition rate between 22 and 200 C, but increase by nearly a factor of 3 by 400 C. The increase in VRM of the glass ceramics between 200 and 400 C is in general qualitative agreement with thermal fluctuation theory. There was no systematic change in the rate of VRM acquisition with grain size for the multidomain magnetites used in this study. Elevated temperature (e.g., 400 C) VRM acquisition by the deep crustal granulites, if extrapolated over the Brunhes chron, would produce a magnetization of several A/m which, if true, is of the order required by models for the source of long-wavelength magnetic anomalies.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of Schneiderian first-rank symptoms: a 20-year longitudinal study of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Abstract Objective This research addresses the following questions: what is the prevalence and severity of first-rank symptoms (FRS) during an extended period of time in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychosis? Are the specific FRS listed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM, Third Edition, Revised / Fourth Edition Criterion A for schizophrenia diagnosis (a voice keeping a running commentary or voices conversing) more prevalent and severe in patients with schizophrenia than bipolar disorder with psychosis? Lastly, do FRS at index hospitalization in patients with schizophrenia predict the absence of later recovery? Methods This research follows a sample of patients with psychotic disorders who were evaluated at index hospitalization and then prospectively followed-up at 6 evaluations during next 20 years (n = 86). All patients were evaluated as part of a prospective research study designed to measure multiple factors of phenomenology, severity of illness, course of illness, prognosis, and global outcome. Results First-rank symptoms are not exclusive to schizophrenia; they also occur in some bipolar patients. However, they are more frequent and more severe in patients with schizophrenia than bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia patients with FRS during the acute phase are more likely to have poorer long-term outcome than schizophrenia patients who do not have FRS during the acute phase. Conclusions Our results indicate FRS at the acute phase are not a clinicopathologic correlate specific to schizophrenia. However, the presence and severity of any FRS and specifically of the 2 FRS associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Third Edition, Revised / Fourth Edition Criterion A are more prevalent and more severe in patients with schizophrenia than patients with bipolar disorder.
The structure of /s/-sequences: evidence from a disordered system

This study considers the much-debated markedness and structural status of word-initial /s/-sequences in English by examining the development of KR (male, age 3;6) who has a phonological disorder. Three points in time are discussed: (1) when all initial consonant sequences are reduced to singletons; (2) when only initial /s/-sequences surface correctly; and (3) when all initial consonant sequences surface correctly. While these production patterns are common across developing systems, few accounts have addressed them in terms of structure or markedness. Toward that end, it is argued that KR's /s/-sequences surface as adjuncts, rather than complex onsets. This is explained within optimality theory, whereby high-ranking markedness constraints prevent complex onsets but not adjuncts. The account offers an explanation for consonant sequence asymmetries within and across grammars, allowing for differing representations for /s/-sequences across speakers and for variation exhibited in children's productions. A typology of possible grammars is therefore offered, and clinical implications are considered.
Computational Prediction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibody Epitopes from Neutralization Activity Data

Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies effective against the majority of circulating isolates of HIV-1 have been isolated from a small number of infected individuals. Definition of the conformational epitopes on the HIV spike to which these antibodies bind is of great value in defining targets for vaccine and drug design. Drawing on techniques from compressed sensing and information theory, we developed a computational methodology to predict key residues constituting the conformational epitopes on the viral spike from cross-clade neutralization activity data. Our approach does not require the availability of structural information for either the antibody or antigen. Predictions of the conformational epitopes of ten broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies are shown to be in good agreement with new and existing experimental data. Our findings suggest that our approach offers a means to accelerate epitope identification for diverse pathogenic antigens.
Thermal Dispersion in Metal Foams

Open-cell metal foams are of interest for a variety of thermal engineering applications because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and high convective heat transfer coefficients relative to conventional fins. The tortuous flow path through the foam promotes rapid transverse mixing, a fact that is important in heat exchanger applications. Transverse mixing acts to spread heat away from a heated surface, bringing cooler fluid to the foam elements that are in direct contact with the surface. Heat is also spread by conduction in the foam ligaments. The present work addresses fully-coupled thermal dispersion in a metal foam. Dispersion of the thermal wake of a line source was measured. A conjugate heat transfer model was developed which showed good agreement with the data. The validated model was used to examine the complementary effects of the mechanical dispersion, molecular diffusion in the gas, and conduction in the solid.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Computer-assisted project-based learning in second language: case studies in adult esl

This study investigates English as a second language learner experiences and development in two computer-assisted project based learning classes. Case studies were conducted in one beginning and one intermediate level class in a Community Based English Tutoring program. Participants included 27 adult English as a second language students and 2 teachers. The teachers implemented a computer-assisted version of project based learning entailing the organization of learning around real world problems, student centered instruction, student collaboration, teacher as facilitator, the use of authentic materials and audiences, formative assessment, reflection, and the production of authentic artifacts. Implementation of this approach in the beginning class was facilitated by organized team work strategies and collaborative translation. Participants used English extensively in a variety of modes and had many communicative opportunities for meaningful interaction and negotiation. The affective outcomes were predominately positive in both classes despite a variety of circumstantial challenges in the teaching context. In both classes, learners developed independence, higher order thinking, and electronic literacy skills. They also developed specific English language skills and language learning strategies. The teachers faced challenges similar to those reported in previous literature on project based learning; they did not experience challenges exclusive to second language instruction. Formative assessment and reflection were found to be challenging, but informative. Overall, data suggest that rich target language input and output and linguistic development are afforded by this version of computer-assisted project based learning which attends to important psychological components in learning.
The minimum value for the quality factor of an electrically small antenna in spheroidal coordinates – TM case

The topic of Electrically Small Antennas (ESA) has generated considerable interest over the years [1]. It is well known that ESA have inherently large values of radiation Q (Q r ). Minimization of Q r for ESA is important because high Q r implies: (1) narrow bandwidth, (2) increased losses and (3) voltage or current limited radiated power [2].
Using mathematical models to understand metabolism, genes, and disease.

Mathematical models are a useful tool for investigating a large number of questions in metabolism, genetics, and gene–environment interactions. A model based on the underlying biology and biochemistry is a platform for in silico biological experimentation that can reveal the causal chain of events that connect variation in one quantity to variation in another. We discuss how we construct such models, how we have used them to investigate homeostatic mechanisms, gene–environment interactions, and genotype–phenotype mapping, and how they can be used in precision and personalized medicine.
Asynchronous datapath with software-controlled on-chip adaptive voltage scaling for multirate signal processing applications

Adaptive control of the power supply is one of the most effective variables to achieve energy-efficient computation. In this work, we describe the development of a high-performance asynchronous micropipelined datapath that provides robust interfaces across voltage domains, performing appropriate voltage level conversions and operating between stages with fanout-of-four delays differing by almost two orders of magnitude. With software-specified throughput requirements, the power supply of the datapath is scaled from 2.5 V to 600 mV using an on-chip dc-dc conversion system that combines linear regulators and switched-capacitor power supplies. Because of the asynchronous design style, the processor operates continuously during the voltage scaling transitions.
NONDROPLET ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEMONSTRATION OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE ACTIVITY WITH A POLYMERIZING OSMIOPHILIC REAGENT, DIAMINOBENZIDINE (DAB)

A new method for demonstrating cytochrome oxidase activity, based upon the oxidative polymerization of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) to an osmiophilic reaction product, has improved the localization of this enzyme over methods based upon the Nadi reaction, in both the light and electron microscopes. The reaction product occurs in nondroplet form, which more accurately delineates the localization of cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria of heart, liver, and kidney. In electron microscopic preparations the excess reaction product is found to overflow into the intracristate spaces and into the outer compartment between inner and outer limiting mitochondrial membranes. This finding suggests that the enzymatic activity of cytochrome c is located on the inner surface of the intracristate space which is the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Succinic dehydrogenase activity has also been located at this site by using an osmiophilic ditetrazolium salt, TC-NBT. Considered together, the sites of reactivity of both parts of the respiratory chain have implications for the chemiosomotic hypothesis of Mitchell who suggests a mechanism of energy conservation during electron transport in the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion.
On calculation of the integral-squared-error for linear time-delay systems

A method for evaluation of the integral-squared-error cost functional for time-delay systems with commensurate delays by using residue theory is described.
Linear Extensions of Nonlinear Semigroups

This note concerns extending a nonlinear semigroup to a linear one after identifying points with corresponding Dirac measures. Generators of such linear extensions are characterized. A linear extension and hence the original semigroup is recovered from this generator by means of an exponential formula.
Engineering an interoperable computational collaboratory on the Grid

The growth of the Internet and the advent of the computational Grid have made it possible to develop and deploy advanced computational collaboratories. These systems build on high-end computational resources, communication technologies and enabling services underlying the Grid, and provide seamless and collaborative access to resources, applications and data. Combining these focused collaboratories and allowing them to interoperate has many advantages and can lead to truly collaborative, multidisciplinary and multi-institutional problem solving. However, integrating these collaboratories presents significant challenges, as each of these collaboratories has a unique architecture and implementation, and builds on different enabling technologies. This paper investigates the issues involved in integrating collaboratories operating on the Grid. It then presents the design and implementation of a prototype middleware substrate to enable a peer-to-peer integration of and global access to multiple, geographically distributed instances of the DISCOVER computational collaboratory. An experimental evaluation of the middleware substrate is presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulfhydryl-Based Tumor Antigen-Carrier Protein Conjugates Stimulate Superior Antitumor Immunity against B Cell Lymphomas

Therapeutic vaccination of B cell lymphoma patients with tumor-specific Ig (idiotype, or Id) chemically coupled to the immunogenic foreign carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) using glutaraldehyde has shown promising results in early clinical trials, and phase III trials are underway. However, glutaraldehyde Id-KLH vaccines fail to elicit anti-Id immune and clinical responses in many patients, possibly because glutaraldehyde reacts with lysine, cysteine, tyrosine, and histidine residues, damaging critical immunogenic epitopes. A sulfhydryl-based tumor Ag-carrier protein conjugation system using maleimide chemistry was used to enhance the efficacy of Id-KLH vaccines. Maleimide Id-KLH conjugates eradicated A20 lymphoma from most tumor-bearing mice, whereas glutaraldehyde Id-KLH had little efficacy. Maleimide Id-KLH elicited tumor-specific IgG Abs and T cells, with CD8(+) T cells being the major effectors of antilymphoma immunity. Maleimide Id-KLH vaccines also demonstrated superior efficacy in 38C13 and BCL-1 lymphoma models, where Abs were shown to be critical for protection. Importantly, standard glutaraldehyde Id-KLH conjugation procedures could result in "overconjugation" of the tumor Ag, leading to decreased efficacy, whereas the heterobifunctional maleimide-based conjugation yielded potent vaccine product regardless of conjugation duration. Under lysosomal processing conditions, the Id-carrier protein linkage was cleavable only after maleimide conjugation. Maleimide KLH conjugation was easily performed with human Igs analogous to those used in Id-KLH clinical trials. These data support the evaluation of sulfhydryl-based Id-KLH vaccines in lymphoma clinical trials and possibly the use of tumor Ag-carrier protein vaccines for other cancers.
Masked-target recovery requires focused attention on the target object

Flashing a homogeneous light mask after the presentation of a masked target reduces the deleterious effects of the mask, a phenomenon often called target recovery. Target recovery has been studied using masking paradigms in which a target object is presented in isolation prior to the presentation of a mask, thus capturing attention. In the present study, we examined whether target recovery is possible when a target does not benefit from attentional capture. We hypothesized that target recovery would be eliminated when a target must compete with distractors for perceptual attention. Replicating classic studies, we observed target recovery when pattern and light masks followed an isolated target. However, target recovery was not observed when a light mask followed a masked visual search target. Furthermore, using an attentional-capture paradigm we found that sudden onset search targets were recoverable whereas nononset targets were not. The present findings indicate that attentional capture by a target prio...
Supporting ultrasound diagnosis using an animated 3D model of the heart

We have developed a training and support system for echocardiography based on a 3D visualization of a virtual beating heart and the blood flow. The user can interact with the system by positioning a tracker-equipped transducer. The user is able to acquire mental images of the dynamic anatomy of the heart, a mental model for the interpretation of ultrasonic images, and skills in capturing standard positions. The heart model is not reconstructed from actual patient data, but manually designed as a surface model to visualize the most important structures and pathologies. First experiences in actual training courses provide evidence that users gain experiences that are very difficult to obtain in other ways.
The Employment-Based Pension System: Evolution or Revolution?

Where are retirement plans headed, and why? The Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI) and AARP (formerly known as the American Association of Retired Persons) held a day-long conference May 15, 2006, in Washington, DC, to examine those questions. Several speakers at the conference, formally titled "The Employment-Based Pension System: Evolution or Revolution?" predicted that the evolution currently under way will lead to radical change and the ultimate demise of private-sector defined benefit pension plans. The next day many Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) stations aired a Frontline program entitled "Can You Afford to Retire?" which highlighted these issues, and raised many other questions about Americans' preparations for retirement. PBS Frontline producer and reporter Hedrick Smith previewed the program at the conference. This paper presents key points that emerged from the conference.
Thrombolytic therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction

Thrombolytic therapy is becoming an important addition to the care of patients with transmural (Q-wave) myocardial infarction. In this review, the authors analyze the mechanisms of effect and thrombolytic capabilities of several currently used thrombolytic interventions and review the influence of reperfusion in reducing mortality and protecting segmental ventricular function in animal models and patients. The problems related to thrombolytic therapy also are discussed and patient subgroups most likely to benefit from thrombolytic therapy identified. Finally, the authors speculate concerning future alterations in thrombolytic agents and additions to thrombolytic therapy as they might be usefully applied in the care of patients with acute transmural myocardial infarcts.
Multiformalism, multiresolution, multiscale modeling

The modeling and simulation (M&S) landscape for systems engineers is complex. This complexity is due to a variety of factors including the diversity of system components over a range of domains which are modeled at multiple scales using varied modeling formalisms. There is a need to chain system models developed using varying formalisms, resolutions or scales. An ideal Multiformalism, Multiresolution, Multiscale Modeling (M4) environment would provide a singular (or small set of) modeling formalisms from which to derive representations (models) across formalism, resolution and scale. This paper describes a research activity to translate Systems Modeling Language (SysML) models to the Joint Communications Simulation System (JCSS). A deliverable from this activity will aid the Department of Defense (DoD) in the design and analysis of the Joint Information Environment (JIE).
Resolving Conflicts among Congress's Powers Regarding Statutes' Constitutionality: The Case of Anti-Bootlegging Statutes

Can Congress pass under one of its powers a statute that conflicts with the language of another Congressional power? This unsettled question has bothered intellectual property scholars in recent years. This Essay examines it by focusing on the 1994 anti-bootlegging statutes that conflict with limitations in the IP Clause but which may be authorized by the Commerce Clause. To date, four courts reviewed challenges to these statutes and reached different conclusions. The Essay offers three contributions to resolving inter-clause conflicts regarding statutes' constitutionality generally and to the analysis of the anti-bootlegging statutes in particular. First, it informs the inquiry by introducing highly relevant, yet largely overlooked, Supreme Court precedents on inter-clause conflicts. Second, it suggests that a complete resolution of conflicts with the IP Clause requires one to consider potential violations of all the relevant limitations in it. The Essay thus examines the extent to which the anti-bootlegging statutes conflict with five limitations in the IP Clause: writings, limited times, authors, "promote the progress of science and useful arts" and originality. It suggests that examining the "promote the progress" limitation is key to determining the anti-bootlegging statutes' constitutionality. Lastly, the Essay reviews five general approaches to resolving inter-clause conflicts: formalism, fundamental inconsistency, structural inference, fundamental principles, and particularism. It suggests that the anti-bootlegging statutes may conflict unnecessarily with the IP Clause because they protect performers to a greater extent than the one required to comply with U.S. obligations under TRIPS.
Service Learning: The Effect on BSW Student Interest in Aging

Strategies for developing and putting into practice an experiential aging-rich learning curriculum for baccalaureate social work students are presented. Specific service learning opportunities required of students in class assignments are discussed. Included in these are projects involving micro social work practice skills with cognitively impaired older adults and macro skills used in completing a retirement center's wellness program assessment and an adult day care program's market ing/community outreach plan. The critical component of reflection for both service learning and field practica is analyzed. A continuing need for faculty to network in both the aging and social work communities is explored as a technique for enhancing experiential learning opportunities for students.
Interfacial Reactions and Phase Stability in the Ni/InP System

Nickel is widely used in electrical contacts to InP, especially in NiAuGe ohmic contact to n-type InP. Several researchers have even suggested that the reaction of Ni with InP plays an important role in the ohmic nature of Ni-based contacts. However, numerous discrepancies are found in the literature concerning the Ni/InP reaction. In this study, an examination of the phase equilibria in the Ni-In-P system aids in an interpretation of bulk and thick film diffusion couples, and many of the apparent discrepancies in the literature are clarified. Finally, minor variations in the processing of the contacts (changes in the annealing gas and substrate cleaning procedure) are found in this study to have a less important role in altering the Ni/InP reactions than previous researchers have suggested.
Identification of Metal–Organic Framework Materials for Adsorption Separation of Rare Gases: Applicability of Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) and Effects of Inaccessible Framework Regions

A collection of >3000 MOFs with experimentally confirmed structures were screened for performance in three binary separations: Ar/Kr, Kr/Xe, and Xe/Rn. 70 materials were selected for further analysis, and calculations were performed to account for inaccessible regions. Single component GCMC calculations were performed to parametrize IAST calculations on these 70 materials. An approach that avoids possible imprecision in IAST due to curve-fitting of single component isotherms is introduced. The precision of IAST for these gas pairs was confirmed with extensive binary GCMC calculations. For each binary separation, materials were identified with predicted performance that surpasses the state of the art. A significant number of materials were found to be “reverse selective” in the sense that a smaller gas species is preferably adsorbed over a larger species. The physical origin of this phenomenon is explained. The effect of temperature on separation performance was also examined.
Tilling in Rice Breeding

Targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) is a reverse genetics method for functional genomics research.It is possible to screen for point mutations in the populations of EMS mutagenesis with highthroughput and lowcost. EcoTILLING a method based on TILLING ,was developed for detecting multiple types of polymorphisms in germplasm collections,such as single nucleotide polymorphism,small deletion and insertion etc.Rice is a very important food crop and a model plant for genome research also. There are complete genome sequence and a lot of other bioinformatics resources about it.So the markerassisted breeding is becoming more and more important in rice breeding. Some issues based on TILLING about identifying germplasm based on gene sequence,EMS mutagenesis breeding,developing functional marker in rice breeding in future were discussed.
The construction of real-time information hierarchy and distributary for dispatching automatization system

In order to meet the demand of dispatch and control integration for information automatization,based on Power Grid Dispatch And Control Integration Information Regulation in Ningxia Area,reconstructs the real-time warning module of dispatching automatization system for Shizuishan Electric Power Supply Bureau,realized longitudinal and transversal information delamination and information distributary treatment.The application results show that after information delamination and distributary effective treatment,the system satisfied the need of automatization information for various dispatcher personnel of power grid,which plays a role actively in safe and economic operation of power grid.
Serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

To determine if discriminatory P or E2 concentrations can be established for early diagnosis of EP after IVF, 282 pregnancies were studied 11, 13, 15, and 17 days after ET. Receiver-operator characteristic analysis of P and E2 indicated no clinically useful threshold value for EP. No significant differences in P or E2 was seen when intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies or viable and nonviable pregnancies were compared. All EPs had P < 50 ng/mL and E2 < 500 pg/mL at 11 days after ET. Serum P and E2 cannot differentiate EPs from intrauterine pregnancies nor viable from nonviable pregnancies resulting from IVF.
Surgical treatment of double-orifice mitral valve in atrioventricular canal defects. Experience in 25 patients.

Double-orifice mitral valve is an uncommon but surgically important condition. The experience in 25 cases of double-orifice mitral valve associated with atrioventricular canal defects was reviewed. This constituted 43 % of the 581 cases of atrioventricular canal defects operated upon between 1961 and July, 1984. The combined mitral orifice area ranged from 85% to 91 % of normal in those patients whose valves were sized intraoperatively. Ten associated cardiac defects were repaired in six patients. Of 23 patients having cleft mitral valve, 21 had partial closure of the cleft. There was one operative death (4.0 %), which occurred early in the series in a patient in whom the tissue bridge was severed and massive mitral regurgitation resulted. In the remaining 24 patients the tissue bridge was left intact, and all survived operation. No patient had clinically significant mitral stenosis during a follow-up of 1 to 14 years (mean 4.9 years). Two patients (8%) developed progressive mitral regurgitation and required mitral valve replacement 3 and 11 years postoperatively. One of these patients died and a second death occurred suddenly 2 years following operation. All survivors are in Functional Class I or II. The noncleft orifice of a double-orifice mitral valve usually is competent and rarely requires closure. The cleft, because it constitutes a type of parachute (single papillary muscle) valve, should be closed partially so as to relieve valve incompetence without causing undue stenosis. The incidence of late development of mitral regurgitation is similar to that of atrioventricular canal without double-orifice mitral valve. Repair of atrioventricular canal associated with double-orifice mitral valve can be achieved with a low operative mortality and excellent late results.
Remimazolam: Pharmacologic Considerations and Clinical Role in Anesthesiology.

Midazolam, fentanyl, and propofol are commonly used for sedation in modern anesthesia practice. These agents possess characteristics that have afforded various anesthetics to be delivered and produce relatively safe and effective outcomes. However, each agent has certain drawbacks in clinical practice. Remimazolam, a novel benzodiazepine created out of so-called soft drug development, is an ultrashort-acting intravenous sedative-hypnotic currently being investigated in clinical trials. In this review, we evaluate the recent literature on the use of remimazolam in clinical practice as compared with current sedative agents, and we describe its potential roles for use in sedation. A literature search of the Medline database (2012-May 2016) was performed. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations, manufacturer reports, and professional meeting abstracts. All premarket studies involving remimazolam as the primary study drug were evaluated. Literature describing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remimazolam, propofol, and midazolam was also included. Phase I and II studies in the United States have shown remimazolam to be a safe and effective option for procedural sedation. Unlike midazolam and propofol, remimazolam undergoes organ-independent metabolism to an inactive metabolite. Because remimazolam follows first-order pharmacokinetics, prolonged infusions or higher doses are unlikely to result in accumulation and extended effect, making it favorable for use as an intravenous anesthetic and for sedation in the intensive care unit. It is expected that phase III trials will further describe the niche that remimazolam may be able to occupy in clinical practice. Postmarket cost-benefit analyses will need to be performed.
Along-Wind Response of High-Rise Buildings Subjected to Hurricane Boundary Layer Winds

AbstractRecent studies show that characteristics of hurricane surface winds are different from those of nonhurricane surface winds. The characteristics relevant to analyzing high-rise buildings inc...
The P300 ‘face’ speller is resistant to cognitive decline in ALS

Three different P300 paradigms, the classic matrix-based speller, one employing faces as stimuli, and one with serial stimulus presentation, were used to assess the effects of cognition and visual function on brain–computer interface (BCI) use in 22 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 13 control participants. The patients in the study, on average, demonstrated lower accuracy than the matched control participants. Patients had a slightly greater incidence of oculomotor limitations, but this did not translate to a measurable difference in task-specific gaze control or performance on any of the tasks. Lower cognitive screen scores were the only clinical characteristic to consistently reduce evoked responses and P300 accuracies across individuals. The late portion of the evoked potential, 500–800 ms after the stimulus, was most strongly associated with cognitive score. The early evoked potential around 170 ms, generated by the face speller, was not as strongly associated with cogniti...
On the Collapse of the Wave-Function

There is a conventional wisdom about what a workable theory of the collapse of the wave-function ought to be able to do, which runs like this: (i) It ought to guarantee that measurements always have outcomes (that is: it ought to guarantee that there can never by any such thing in the world as a superposition of ‘measuring that A is true’ and ‘measuring that B is true’). (ii) It ought to preserve the familiar statistical connections between the outcomes of those measurements and the wave-functions of the measured systems just prior to those measurements (that is: it ought to guarantee that a measurement of non-degenerate observable 0 on a system in the state | ψ> yields the result o’ with probability | |, where 0|φ>=o’|φ>). (iii) It ought to be consistent with everything which Is experimentally known to be true of the dynamics of physical systems (for example: it ought to be consistent with the fact that isolated microscopic physical system’s have never yet been observed not to behave in accordance with linear quantum-mechanical equations of motion; that such systems, in other words, have never yet been observed to undergo collapses).
DO LIES ERODE TRUST

Does honesty promote trust and trustworthiness? We investigate how being lied to (versus told the truth) in a Gneezy deception game affects behavior in a subsequent trust game with different players. Using a design that controls for potential treatment effects on payoffs, mood, and beliefs about the overall propensity for honesty in the experiment, we find that the specific experience of being lied to significantly erodes trust and trustworthiness.