cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sylvatic host associations of Triatominae and implications for Chagas disease reservoirs: a review and new host records based on archival specimens

Background The 152 extant species of kissing bug include important vectors of the debilitating, chronic, and often fatal Chagas disease, which affects several million people mainly in Central and South America. An understanding of the natural hosts of this speciose group of blood-feeding insects has and will continue to aid ongoing efforts to impede the spread of Chagas disease. However, information on kissing bug biology is piecemeal and scattered, developed using methods with varying levels of accuracy over more than 100 years. Existing host records are heavily biased towards well-studied primary vector species and are derived from primarily three different types of observations, associational, immunological or DNA-based, with varying reliability. Methods We gather a comprehensive and unparalleled number of sources reporting host associations via rigorous targeted searches of publication databases to review all known natural, or sylvatic, host records including information on how each record was collected. We integrate this information with novel host records obtained via attempted amplification and sequencing of a ∼160 base pair (bp) region of the vertebrate 12S mitochondrial gene from the gastrointestinal tract of 64 archival specimens of Triatominae representing 19 species collected primarily in sylvatic habitats throughout the southern United States and Central and South America during the past 10 years. We show the utility of this method for uncovering novel and under-studied groups of Triatominae hosts, as well as detecting the presence of the Chagas disease pathogen via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of a ∼400 bp sequence of the trypanosome 18S gene. Results New host associations for several groups of arboreal mammals were determined including sloths, New World monkeys, coatis, arboreal porcupines and, for the first time as a host of any Triatominae, tayras. A thorough review of previously documented sylvatic hosts, organized by triatomine species and the type of observation (associational, antibody-based, or DNA-based), is presented in a phylogenetic context and highlights large gaps in our knowledge of Triatominae biology. Conclusion The application of DNA-based methods of host identification towards additional species of Triatominae, including rarely collected species that may require use of archival specimens, is the most efficient and promising way to resolve recognized shortfalls.
Stranger games: the life and times of the Spintriae

In 2010 a Roman token was discovered in the mud of the Thames near Putney Bridge in London. When the token was discovered to have an erotic image on one side and a Roman numeral on the other, and was identified in a Museum of London press release as a rare Roman “brothel token”, the press reported on the story in the expected manner, for example: “A Roman coin that was probably used by soldiers to pay for sex in brothels has been discovered on the banks of the River Thames” (Daily Telegraph, 4 Jan 2012); “Bronze discs depicting sex acts, like the one discovered in London, were used to hire prostitutes – and directly led to the birth of pornography during the Renaissance” (The Guardian, 4 Jan 2012) and "After an explicit coin used to pay for pleasure is found in the Thames, the X-rated story of the Roman sex slaves of Britain" (Daily Mail, 6 Jan 2012). Even before this particular spate of media interest, these curious tokens have generated confusion, speculation and prurience – often simultaneously. They are of interest to games scholars because the speculation often includes the suggestion these objects may have had a ludic function, and were used as game counters. This paper will look at some of the proposals that have been offered by way of explanation of these peculiar objects.
Long Noncoding RNA in Cancer: Wiring Signaling Circuitry

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are encoded by a vast less explored region of the human genome, may hold missing drivers of cancer and have gained attention recently as a potentially crucial layer of cancer cell regulation. lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in a broad spectrum of cancers, and they play key roles in promoting and maintaining tumor initiation and progression, demonstrating their clinical potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Recent discoveries have revealed that lncRNAs act as key signal transduction mediators in cancer signaling pathways by interacting with proteins, RNA, and lipids. Here, we review the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate cellular responses to extracellular signals and discuss their clinical potential as diagnostic indicators, stratification markers, and therapeutic targets of combinatorial treatments.
Does it have to be correct?: The effect of uninformative feedback on non-native phone discrimination

Learning the phonetic inventory of a non-native language requires perceptual adjustment to non-native phones that sometimes belong to a single category in the learner’s native language. For example, English native speakers often struggle to learn the distinction between the Hindi phonemes [ʈ] and [t] that are both categorized as [t] in American English (AE). Olmstead and Viswanathan (2017) showed that AE listener’s discrimination of these non-native phones could be improved using short exposure to naturally produced Indian English (IE) words that contained the target contrast. In the current study, we examine how feedback affects this lexical retuning effect. Specifically, we set up feedback schedules that either reinforce the consistent mapping of these consonants onto the AE speaker’s existing [t] and [θ], or that reinforce an inconsistent mapping. If the consistency of this mapping in IE is paramount to improving phonetic discrimination, then reinforcing it should strengthen the effect and providing a...
Increasing Accountability for Human Services Administrators

Modern human services management strategies offer both a conceptual and an operational bridge for the provision of more effective and efficient services
Learning through Action: How MPA Public Service Team Projects Help Students Learn Research and Management Skills

AbstractExperiential learning has become increasingly common in graduate public affairs programs. This article presents a student-led classroom/field model that integrates public service team proje...
A flight tested wake turbulence aware altimeter

A flying aircraft disturbs the local atmosphere through which it flies creating a turbulent vortex at each wing tip known as a wake vortex. These vortices can persist for several minutes and endanger other aircraft traversing that turbulent airspace; large vortices are essentially invisible horizontal tornadoes and are a grave threat to smaller aircraft, especially during landing and take off. Accidents related to wake turbulence have resulted in both loss of life and aircraft destruction in the United States and around the world. Currently no cockpit instrumentation exists that tracks wake vortices and enables a pilot to sense and avoid wake turbulence in real-time. This paper presents a prototype of a novel, flight tested instrument that tracks wake vortices and presents this information to a pilot in real time using a synthetic virtual world augmented with wake turbulence information.
STUDY OF BIOMEDICAL SPECIMENS USING SCANNING ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY

Microscopy is a paramount part of science and the medical field. The optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM) are commonly used for the imaging of biomedical cells and tissues. Unfortunately, these conventional microscopes have major disadvantages. The atomic force microscope is still underdeveloped in imaging of living biomedical specimens. The OM and SEM require dead specimens for imaging, and cannot image the subsurface of thick specimens. Development of the scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) is a solution to these problems. The SAM has the ability to image living specimens for extended periods of time without harming them, can image the subsurface of the sample, can image thick specimens, and can obtain information about mechanical properties of the specimen. In this study images of esophagus tissue were obtained using an OM, SEM, and SAM. While OM and SEM have been established as valuable tools for imaging of biological tissue samples not much basic imaging of histological structures of biological specimens has been done using the SAM. The goal was to create an imaging baseline for the SAM that showed that it could function at the level of the OM and the SEM. When imaging the tissues, all three of the microscopes yielded similar images
Competitive growth in a social fish

Many animal societies have dominance hierarchies in which social rank is correlated with size. In such societies, the growth and size of individuals can be a strategic response to their social environment: in fishes, individuals may decrease their growth rate to remain small and retain a subordinate position; in mammals, individuals may increase their growth rate to become large and attain a dominant position-a strategy called competitive growth. Here, we investigate whether the clown anemonefish, Amphiprion percula, exhibits competitive growth also. We show that juvenile clownfish paired with a size-matched reproductive rival increase their growth rate and size relative to solitary controls. Remarkably, paired individuals achieved this, despite being provided with the same amount of food as solitary controls. Our results demonstrate that clownfish are able to increase their growth rate in response to social competition. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that the growth of social vertebrates can be a fine-tuned plastic response to their social environment.
The Role of Intersubjectivity and Empathy in Husserl’s Foundational Project

Husserl’s doctrine of intersubjectivity is one of the most significant and controversial of the phenomenological problematics. The constitution of intersubjectivity, specifically in the guise of the problem of accounting for the constitution of the other, figures importantly in Husserl’s systematic philosophy. Intersubjective warrant is Husserl’s response to the difficulty that all transcendental philosophies face: they must invite something other than the certainty of consciousness into their systems (or all is but consciousness) without abnegating their claims to foundationalism. A philosophy based upon the self-certainty of consciousness must explain why the I is not alone in the world.
Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Steroids in Septic Shock: Propensity Matched Analysis.

Introduction:We aimed to study the use of ascorbic acid, thiamine, and steroids (ATS) in patients with septic shock (SS).Methods:Data on 62 patients with SS were collected from Acute Physiologic an...
Storytelling in Dermatology

Anecdotes and stories are widely used in politics where they have been well studied and their value confirmed. A case report highlights the value stories in dermatology and the components of a good story are reviewed.
Unveiling Men: Modern Masculinities in Twentieth-Century Iran (Gender, Culture, and Politics in the Middle East)

In the study of gender and sexuality in Iran, narratives on women’s rights and international law discourses have dominated the field. In this concise and thought-provoking book, Wendy DeSouza makes...
Divine servitude against the work of man: dispossessive subjects and Exoduses to and from property

The self-possessive individual of early modern colonial capitalism depended upon a limit to the self’s alienability: while one could buy and sell other humans, one could not sell or enslave oneself...
Antisense transcripts and protein binding motifs within the Wilms tumour (WT1) locus.

Abstract Transcription of the WT1 locus is restricted, both temporally and spatially, to a subset of epithelial cells in mammalian kidneys and gonads. WT1, one of the two divergent transcripts mapping to this locus encodes a zinc finger protein that is likely a transcriptional regulator. The other transcript, WIT1, encodes a product of unknown function that is subject to alternate splicing in the region immediately 5' of the WT1 gene. Analysis of the 5' end of this locus further revealed the presence of multiple transcriptional start sites for both genes, such that some of the WIT1 transcripts are encoded by the antisense strand of the first exon of WT1. The genomic region surrounding the transcriptional start sites appears to constitute part of a bi-directional promoter based on the ability of a DNA fragment derived from this region to direct expression of a chimeric CAT gene construct in transient transfection assays. Discrete sequences within the region are capable of interaction in vitro with nuclear extracts derived from a variety of rat and mouse tissues. Interestingly, recombinant WT1, representing the product of zinc finger region of the most abundant of the four alternatively spliced transcripts, is also capable of binding to sequences within this region.
The Compassion Spillover Effect: Can Self-Compassion Beget Others' Compassion?

A decade of research has highlighted the benefits of being compassionate to oneself in times of suffering. Despite this, many remain hesitant to practice it, fearing the interpersonal backlash that...
Zooming Forward: An Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Utilizing Virtual Case-Based Learning in Response to COVID-19

Abstract Introduction In response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, Oregon State University College of Pharmacy designed and implemented a virtual six-week case-based learning elective rotation for advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) Objectives The goal was to develop and refine students? knowledge, critical thinking skills, evaluation and assimilation of scientific evidence, and behavior to provide patient-focused disease management Methods This APPE experience was delivered via asynchronous independent work and synchronous video conferencing A diverse team of pharmacy experts including faculty, preceptors, and administrators developed and implemented the APPE rotation Seventy students were divided into three groups, with each group rotating every two weeks in each of the following sections: acute care, ambulatory care, and drug information/journal club Formative and summative assessment activities were mapped to eight student learning outcomes (SLOs) Graded activities were used to assess the achievement of SLOs, with a target minimum average of 80% as an acceptable level for achieving outcomes At the end of the rotation, students completed a retrospective pre- and post-survey to reflect their ability level for each course outcome and provide qualitative feedback regarding this APPE rotation Results Sixty-eight students completed the virtual APPE rotation Two SLOs, one focused on the ability to evaluate and apply evidence-based medicine and the other on the ability to establish patient-specific goals, met the target at 80 42% and 81 14%, respectively The average change in survey responses across all outcomes was positive with 12 35% increase The largest increase from baseline was 15 22% in the students? ability to retrieve evidence-based medicine and a 17 72% increase in developing drug-related educational materials Generally, qualitative feedback from students was positive Conclusion The combination of Zoom and a university-supported learning management system was a feasible and successful option to design and deliver experiential education in the context of COVID-19 limitations Students identified the strengths of this rotation as its structured nature and learning from content experts This article is protected by copyright All rights reserved
Distributed Feminist Rhetorical Agency after a Rape Accusation

This article examines the rhetorical effects of a rape accusation on the survivor and on the survivor’s community of social justice activists. Relying on interviews with the survivor and with the community affected by the allegation, the article analyzes responses to the allegation, articulates how those responses are informed by rape culture, and illustrates how those responses affected the survivor and her rhetorical agency. The article argues that rhetorical agency can be productively distributed across various allies to assist survivors and help restore the rhetorical agency that rape erodes. Establishing sexual assault as a public health issue, the article recommends broad education in rhetorical listening to improve how those entrusted to hear assault stories listen, respond, and, when appropriate, help survivors speak or act.
Gabor Analysis in Weighted Amalgam Spaces

Gabor frames % % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaiWaaeaaca % WGLbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaGaeqiWdaNaamyAaiaad6gacqaHYoGy % cqGHflY1caWG4baaaOGaam4zamaabmaabaGaamiEaiabgkHiTiaadU % gacqaHXoqyaiaawIcacaGLPaaaaiaawUhacaGL9baadaWgaaWcbaGa % amOBaiaacYcacaWGRbGaeyicI4SaeSijHi6aaWbaaWqabeaacaWGKb % aaaaWcbeaaaaa!5055! $${\left\{ {{e^{2\pi in\beta \cdot x}}g\left( {x - k\alpha } \right)} \right\}_{n,k \in {{\Bbb Z}^d}}}$$ provide series representations not only of functions in L2(ℝd) but of the entire range of spaces % % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamytamaaDa % aaleaacaWG2baabaGaamiCaiaacYcacaWGXbaaaaaa!3A8B! $$M_v^{p,q}$$ known as the modulation spaces. Membership of a function or distribution f in the modulation space is characterized by a sequence-space norm of the Gabor coefficients of f depending only on the magnitudes of those coefficients, and the Gabor series representation of f converges unconditionally in the norm of the modulation space. This paper shows that Gabor expansions also converge in the entire range of amalgam spaces % % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4vamaabm % aabaGaamitamaaCaaaleqabaGaamiCaaaakiaacYcacaWGmbWaa0ba % aSqaaiaadAhaaeaacaWGXbaaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa!3E01! $$W\left( {{L^p},L_v^q} \right)$$ , which are not modulation spaces in general but, along with the modulation spaces, play important roles in time-frequency analysis and sampling theory. It is shown that membership of a function or distribution in the amalgam space is characterized by an appropriate sequence space norm of the Gabor coefficients. However, this sequence space norm depends on the phase of the Gabor coefficients as well as their magnitudes, and the Gabor expansions converge conditionally in general. Additionally, some converse results providing necessary conditions on g are obtained.
The structures of two salivary proteins from the West Nile vector Culex quinquefasciatus reveal a beta-trefoil fold with putative sugar binding properties.

Abstract Female mosquitoes require blood meals for egg development. The saliva of blood feeding arthropods contains biochemically active molecules, whose anti-hemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties facilitate blood feeding on vertebrate hosts. While transcriptomics has presented new opportunities to investigate the diversity of salivary proteins from hematophagous arthropods, many of these proteins remain functionally undescribed. Previous transcriptomic analysis of female salivary glands from Culex quinquefasciatus, an important vector of parasitic and viral infections, uncovered a 12-member family of putatively secreted proteins of unknown function, named the Cysteine and Tryptophan-Rich (CWRC) proteins. Here, we present advances in the characterization of two C. quinquefasciatus CWRC family members, CqDVP-2 and CqDVP-4, including their enrichment in female salivary glands, their specific localization within salivary gland tissues, evidence that these proteins are secreted into the saliva, and their native crystal structures, at 2.3 ​A and 1.87 ​A, respectively. The β-trefoil fold common to CqDVP-2 and CqDVP-4 is similar to carbohydrate-binding proteins, including the B subunit of the AB toxin, ricin, from the castor bean Ricinus communis. Further, we used a glycan array approach, which identifies carbohydrate ligands associated with inflammatory processes and signal transduction. Glycan array 300 testing identified 100 carbohydrate moieties with positive binding to CqDVP-2, and 77 glycans with positive binding to CqDVP-4. The glycan with the highest relative fluorescence intensities, which exhibited binding to both CqDVP-2 and CqDVP-4, was used for molecular docking experiments. We hypothesize that these proteins bind to carbohydrates on the surface of cells important to host immunology. Given that saliva is deposited into the skin during a mosquito bite, and acts as the vehicle for arbovirus inoculation, understanding the role of these proteins in pathogen transmission is of critical importance. This work presents the first solved crystal structures of C. quinquefasciatus salivary proteins with unknown function. These two molecules are the second and third structures reported from salivary proteins from C. quinquefasciatus, an important, yet understudied disease vector.
Management strategies for infectious disease control in a variety of production systems

Strategies for disease control in goat herds should be individualized to account for the diversity in management type, risk levels, and owner factors. Goat herd type, for example dairy, meat, fiber, companion or other; intensive or extensive management; confinement, grazing or browse; as well as owner's experience level, beliefs and budget all must be considered in planning prevention and control programs for contagious disease in goat herds. Caseous lymphadenitis, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, Johne's disease, Mycoplasma spp infections, contagious abortion agents, and scrapie all should be considered in planning an integrated pathogen control program to address as many diseases as possible using the same critical control steps in disease management. Pasteurized kid-rearing programs, disease-specific testing and segregation, testing and removal or culling are strategies commonly employed for important infectious diseases. Optimizing and economizing herd diagnostic surveillance through routine necropsies and selective herd testing provide the basis on which sound, informed decisions can be made. Conscious decisions should be made whether to tolerate, control or eradicate each important infectious disease in the herd or, if not in herd, what resources should be committed to preventing the introduction of agents causing lifelong infection in the adult herd.
Evolutionary NAS for aerial image segmentation with gene expression programming of cellular encoding

Recently, neural architecture search (NAS) has gained a lot of attention as a tool for constructing deep neural networks automatically. NAS methods have successfully found convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that exceed human expert-designed networks on image classification in computer vision. However, there are growing demands for semantic segmentation in several areas including remote sensing image analysis. In this paper, we introduce an evolutionary NAS method for semantic segmentation of high-resolution aerial images. The proposed method leverages the complementary strengths of gene expression programming and cellular encoding to develop an encoding scheme, called symbolic linear generative encoding (SLGE), for evolving cells (directed acyclic graphs) as building-blocks to construct modularized encoder-decoder CNNs via an evolutionary process. SLGE can evolve cells with multi-branch and shortcut connections similar to the Inception-ResNet-like modules which can improve training and inference performance in deep neural networks. In experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on the challenging ISPRS Vaihingen, Potsdam and UAVid semantic segmentation benchmarks. Compared with recent state-of-the-art systems, our network, dubbed SLGENet, improves the overall accuracy performance on Vaihingen and Potsdam; and achieves a competitive overall accuracy on UAVid using fewer parameters. Our method achieves promising results in a little time of 2.5 GPU days.
Reports of My Death are Greatly Exaggerated: A Reply

It is an honor to have my two-tier thesis examined and operated upon by two such experienced legal surgeons as Daniel Meltzer and Martin Redish. Alas, the prognosis, according to these twojuris doctors, is none too good. Redish pronounces the thesis virtually dead on arrival;' Meltzer, though more cautious and less colorful, is in the end not very encouraging.2 But, dear reader, do not be fooled. The two-tier thesis is very much alive (and kicking).
High current capacitor bank design for a hypervelocity particle accelerator

At the Space Power Institute at Auburn University a facility to simulate hypervelocity microparticles and thus learn how to minimize the impact damage of orbital debris is being developed. The hypervelocity scheme utilized is the exploding foil type, requiring a high-current source with a fast risetime. The pulsed power source consists of a 67 kJ capacitor bank, four solid dielectric switches, and a high-current vacuum feedthrough. Circuit simulation predicts an output current of 1.2 MA with a 0.8 s risetime. The high-current capacitor bank design is presented, and initial operation and circuit simulation experience is discussed. >
Monocytes Stimulated by 110-kDa Fibronectin Fragments Suppress Proliferation of Anti-CD3-Activated T Cells

One hundred ten to 120-kDa fragments of fibronectin (FNf), generated by proteases released in the course of tissue injury and inflammation, stimulate monocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines, promote mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) transendothelial migration, up-regulate monocyte CD11b and CD86 expression, and induce monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation. To investigate whether the proinflammatory consequences of FNf are offset by responses that can suppress proliferation of activated T lymphocytes, we investigated the effect of FNf-treated MNL on autologous T lymphocytes induced to proliferate by substrate-immobilized anti-CD3. FNf-stimulated MNL suppressed anti-CD3-induced T cell proliferation through both contact-dependent and contact-independent mechanisms. Contact-independent suppression was mediated, at least in part, by IL-10 and TGF-beta released by the FNf-stimulated MNL. After 24-48 h exposure to FNf, activated T cells and monocytes formed clusters displaying CD25, CD14, CD3, and CD4 that were not dissociable by chelation of divalent cations. Killing monocytes with l-leucine methyl ester abolished these T cell-monocyte clusters and the ability of the FNf-stimulated MNL to suppress anti-CD3 induced T cell proliferation. Thus, in addition to activating MNL and causing them to migrate to sites of injury, FNf appears to induce suppressor monocytes.
Bioconversion of Gelatin to Methane by a Coculture of Clostridium collagenovorans and Methanosarcina barkeri.

Abstract A simple, stable, and transferable coculture of Clostridium collagenovorans and Methanosarcina barkeri that readily degraded gelatin into methane and carbon dioxide was developed. In monoculture, C. collagenovorans fermented all of the amino acids in gelatin except proline into acetate and carbon dioxide as the main products, with hydrogen, isovalerate, and isobutyrate detected in trace amounts (<1 mM). In coculture with M. barkeri, gelatin was transformed into methane and carbon dioxide, with varying levels of intermediary acetate formed as a function of incubation time. Various complex proteinaceous polymers could be readily transformed into methane and carbon dioxide at 30 to 40°C by a stable coculture which did not require exogenous growth factor additions. In addition, the coculture was readily transferable and preserved in the viable state for long periods, and methanogenesis could be initiated rapidly without the need for exogenous pH control.
Prime Ideals That Satisfy Hensel’s Lemma

Nagata proved that (R, P) is a Henselian domain if and only if every integral extension domain of R is quasi-local. We explore, with partial success, how to generalize that result.
A phase I study of intrapleural Corynebacterium parvum after complete resection of bronchogenic carcinoma

Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) was instilled into the pleural space via the chest tube in 11 patients after curative resection for lung cancer. Doses were escalated from 20–70 mg in approximately every third patient in an attempt to determine the maximum tolerated dose. Fever and chest pain were the only toxicities encountered; severity and duration were not dose-related. Six of seven surgical stage I patients were alive and free of recurrence with a median follow-up of 2 1/2 years. A single patient developed light-chain-producing multiple myeloma 1 year after C. parvum injection.
Incorporation of a FADOF to an ESPI system

Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) has been used for many years in nondestructive testing applications in laboratories. Field applications of ESPI systems have been limited by the need to restrict the amount of light, sunlight and other sources, during operation. Interference filters and other techniques have been tried to increase the applicability of ESPI systems in daylight environments. Each of these attempts have been moderately successful. The FADOF (Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter) is a revolutionary filter that improves throughput, field-of-view, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the laser signal returning from the test object. This paper describes the basics of a FADOF and how the filter can be incorporated into an ESPI system.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Basic principles of obturator design for partially edentulous patients. Part II: Design principles

A classification for partially edentulous maxillectomy patients has been proposed, and a suggested design for each class is discussed. A simplified approach to the planning of resective surgery and a guide for the design of the maxillary obturator prosthesis have been presented.
INTERRELATED TWO-WAY CLUSTERING AND ITS APPLICATION ON GENE EXPRESSION DATA

Microarray technologies are capable of simultaneously measuring the signals for thousands of messenger RNAs and large numbers of proteins from single samples. Arrays are now widely used in basic biomedical research for mRNA expression profiling and are increasingly being used to explore patterns of gene expression in clinical research. Most research has focused on the interpretation of the meaning of the microarray data which are transformed into gene expression matrices where usually the rows represent genes, the columns represent various samples. Clustering samples can be done by analyzing and eliminating of irrelevant genes. However, majority methods are supervised (or assisted by domain knowledge), less attention has been paid on unsupervised approaches which are important when little domain knowledge is available. In this paper, we present a new framework for unsupervised analysis of gene expression data, which applies an interrelated two-way clustering approach on the gene expression matrices. The goal of clustering is to identify important genes and perform cluster discovery on samples. The advantage of this approach is that we can dynamically manipulate the relationship between the gene clusters and sample groups while conducting an iterative clustering through both of them. The performance of the proposed method with various gene expression data sets is also illustrated.
Show Me the Money The Benefits of For-Profit Charter Schools (aka EMOs)

The continued presence of educational management organizations (EMO) is explained as an inevitable and continued component of the public school landscape. This article discusses both why EMOs are h...
Structural organization of the gene encoding the human iron-sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase.

Abstract The iron-sulfur protein (Ip) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH and complex II) of the respiratory chain is highly conserved in evolution [Gould et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 (1989) 1934–1938]. We have cloned the entire human Ip cDNA, as well as the Ip-encoding gene (SDH-B) from two genomic human libraries. The cDNA contains a coding sequence of 840 nt, flanked by a 5′-UTR of 133 nt and a 3′-UTR of 123 nt. The entire transcript is encoded by eight exons within approx. 40 kb. The seven introns range in size from 0.75 kb to > 11 kb, and they appear to be of the ‘late’ intron class. Approx. 5 kb of upstream sequence was also cloned, and approx. 2.4 kb of the promoter region were sequenced and analyzed for consensus elements binding potential transcription factors and transcriptional activators.
Thermal decomposition of energetic materials 4. High-rate, in situ, thermolysis of the four, six, and eight membered, oxygen-rich, gem-dinitroalkyl cyclic nitramines, TNAZ, DNNC, and HNDZ

Abstract DNNC (1,3,5,5-tetranitrohexahydropyrimidine) and HNDZ (1,3,3,5,7,7-hexanitro-1,5-diazacyclooctane) can be thought of as gem -dinitroalkyl derivatives of RDX and HMX, respectively. TNAZ (1,3,3-trinitroazetidine) is the four membered ring analog. Rapid-scan FTIR spectroscopy was used to detect the gas products from thermolysis at high heating rates (50–170K s −1 ) and various pressures (0.1–1000 psi). The decomposition temperatures of DNNC and HNDZ are comparable to RDX and HMX, respectively, but, unlike RDX and HMX, the initial product distributions are very similar. The product distribution from TNAZ differs significantly. NO 2 is the vastly dominant initial pyrolysis product from all three compounds. [HONO] is greater from DNNC and HNDZ than from TNAZ. NO and CO 2 are abundant initially probably because of isomerization and decomposition within the C(NO 2 ) 2 group. N 2 O forms, but CH 2 O does not from DNNC and HNDZ, suggesting that the nitramine portion fails to depolymerize in the same way as it does in HMX and RDX. In contrast, CH 2 O forms, but N 2 O does not from TNAZ, suggesting that the concentration of the N 2 O CH 2 O pair so prevalent from nitramine thermolysis may be profoundly influenced by the size of the ring.
Manufacturing features extraction and recognition in automated process planning

Abstract Features are considered the information carriers between design and manufacturing. Manufacturing feature here refers to a certain shape of volumes which is to be removed from the blank to produce the finish part. In this paper, an Overall Removable Volume is generated through the graphically comparing a finish part and a blank. A Removable Surface-based Concave Edge (RM-CV) feature extraction approach is introduced to extract manufacturing features. The recognition of manufacturing features are performed with the programs written in C and CLIPS expert system. The General Manufacturing Feature Information Scheme (GMF-IS) is also designed to maintain the information between the features, blank and finished part. This paper covers part of the research project founded by Naval Ordnance Station.
An assessment of the 2000 US presidential election: a set of political marketing guidelines

This paper comprises a set of marketing guidelines using the 2000 presidential election as an example, and analysing the image building of the two candidates, Al Gore and George W. Bush. It is not hard to understand, with hindsight, why Bush was the winner. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
Irreversible electroporation of locally advanced pancreatic neck/body adenocarcinoma

Objective: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the neck has been used to palliate appropriate stage 3 pancreatic cancers without evidence of metastasis and who have undergone appropriate induction therapy. Currently there has not been a standardized reported technique for pancreatic mid-body tumors for patient selection and intra-operative technique. Patients: Subjects are patients with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the body/neck who have undergone appropriate induction chemotherapy for a reasonable duration. Main outcome measures: Technique of open IRE of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the neck/body is described, with the emphasis on intra-operative ultrasound and intra-operative electroporation management. Results: The technique of open IRE of the pancreatic neck/body with bracketing of the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery with continuous intraoperative ultrasound imaging and consideration of intraoperative navigational system is described. Conclusions: IRE of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the body/neck is feasible for appropriate patients with locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Unleashing problem solvers: from assessment to designing research

|^an transgenes be kept on a leash?" ask Marvier ^-^ and Van Acker in the preceding review article (pp 99-106). "No", they answer, "the movement of transgenes beyond their intended destination is a virtual certainty", and furthermore "it is unlikely that transgenes can be retracted once they have escaped". Would these bold statements engage students, revealing the realities and complexities of genetically modified (GM) crops? How can we use the critical analyses presented by these authors to guide our undergraduates towards developing their own analytical skills? Students' abilities to analyze controversial subjects are often limited by their lack of understanding of basic sci? ence fundamental to the issue. In this case, their approach to the debate about GM crops may be driven by common misconceptions about, for example, gene expression, traits, or even the difference between an allele and a mutation. Students may not know that genes flow between non-GM crops, a normal, commonly occurring process. Hence, a common belief is that traditional methods of crop breeding are completely safe, while all transgenic crops are potentially dangerous (Beringer 2000; CSU 2004). Ideally, we want students to understand the body of knowledge surrounding a subject so they can transfer and apply their knowledge to solve novel, complex problems. In this two-step approach to scientific teaching, we use Marvier and Van Acker's paper as the context for assessing students' comprehension and problem-solving abilities. We then provide instructors with a framework for thinking about what these assessments mean and how they could form the basis of a researchable question.
Gastric and Esophageal Intramucosal Pco2 (PiCO2) During Endotoxemia: Assessment of Raw PiCO2 and Pco2 Gradients as Indicators of Hypoperfusion in a Canine Model of Septic Shock

Study objectives To validate capnometric recirculating gas tonometry (CRGT) for continuously monitoring gut intramucosal Pco 2 (PiCO 2 ) in a septic shock model, and to compare gastric vs esophageal Pco 2 vs intramucosal-arterial Pco 2 gradients. Interventions CRTG catheters were placed in the stomach and esophagus of six anesthetized dogs. A saline solution filled balloon tonometry (ST) catheter was also placed in the stomach. After equilibration, 3 mg/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered IV. PiCO 2 measurements were made at 0, 45, and 90 min post-LPS by ST and continuously by CRGT. Results Baseline PiCO 2 was 41.5±1.9 (±SE) in the stomach by CRGT, 38.0±1.0 by ST, and 43.0±4.4 mm Hg in the esophagus (p=not significant). Gastric PiCO 2 by CRGT increased to 47.0±2.4 mm Hg by 25 min post-LPS (p 2 increased significantly by 45 min post-LPS. Good agreement was observed between gastric CRGT and ST measurements (mean bias, 1.3 mm Hg). The PiCO 2 -PaCO 2 gradient increased post-LPS, but was significant only for gastric CRGT measurements 90 min post-LPS infusion. Conclusion CRGT provided continuous gastric PiCO 2 measurements that were in close agreement with ST but detected changes earlier than the conventional technique. Continuous esophageal PiCO 2 represents a valid alternative for assessing gastric PiCO 2 .
Treatment Of Elastic Demand In Generation Planning

It is standard practice in utility system planning to develop a projection of demand for electricity over a planning period, and to use a system planning code for selection of an optimal generation mix to meet this projection. This practice neglects the effect of price elasticity if the price of electricity resulting from the optimal generation mix should differ from the forecasted price of electricity used to develop the demand projection.
Tourist industry development: At the crossroads

During a relatively brief period of time, the tourist industry has grown to become an important component in the economies of many areas. Recent criticisms of the industry have created concern and confusion among officials. The purposes of this discussion are: 1) to review briefly the historical roots of current problems, and 2) to identify alternative courses of action open to affected areas.
Al-to-Cu Friction Stir Lap Welding

Recently, friction stir welding (FSW) has been used frequently to join dissimilar metals, for instance, Al to Mg, Cu, and steel. The formation of brittle intermetallic compounds often severely limits the strength and ductility of the resultant welds. In the present study, Al-to-Cu lap FSW was studied by welding 6061 Al to commercially pure Cu. Conventional lap FSW was modified by butt welding a small piece of Al to the top of Cu, with a slight pin penetration into the bottom of Al. At travel speeds up to 127 mm/min (5 ipm), the modified welds were about twice the joint strength and five to nine times the ductility of the conventional lap welds. In the conventional lap welds, voids were present along the Al–Cu interface, and fracture occurred along the interface in tensile testing. No such voids were observed in the modified lap welds, and fracture occurred through Cu. Thus, as in the case of Al-to-Mg lap FSW recently studied by the authors, modified lap FSW significantly improved the weld quality in Al-to-Cu lap FSW. At the relatively high travel speed of 203 mm/min (8 ipm), however, modified lap FSW was no longer superior because of channel formation.
Mississippi's DUI Offender Intervention: 40 Years of Programming and Research

The Mississippi Alcohol Safety Education Program (MASEP) is a court-mandated driving under the influence (DUI) intervention for persons convicted of DUI. This study describes the evolution of the curriculum, evaluates the effectiveness of MASEP in reducing recidivism, and examines whether recent program revisions have led to improvements in reducing recidivism. Findings indicate that between 2005 and 2009 individuals who completed MASEP had significantly lower recidivism rates at 12-months follow-up compared to those who did not complete or did not enroll in MASEP, and that the most recent curriculum is more effective in reducing recidivism than its predecessor.
Post-market surveillance model for potential human health effects of novel foods

Abstract This paper presents a post-market surveillance model for evaluating the potential human health effects of novel foods. It examines the characteristics of current protocols – substantial equivalence and precautionary principle – and argues that post-market surveillance complements the former and provides a sensible rationale for the latter. The paper posits that given the direct consumer claims associated with emerging novel foods, a post-market surveillance system may help policy makers maximize the net benefits of these products given desired health status objectives.
The Modular Adaptor Protein Autosomal Recessive Hypercholesterolemia (ARH) Promotes Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Clustering into Clathrin-coated Pits

Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia is characterized by a cell type-specific defect in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) endocytosis. LDLR-mediated uptake of LDL is impaired in the liver, but not in fibroblasts of subjects with this disorder. The disease is caused by mutations in ARH, which encodes a putative adaptor protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of the LDLR, phospholipids, and two components of the clathrin endocytic machinery, clathrin and adaptor protein-2 (AP-2) in vitro. To determine the physiological relevance of these interactions, we examined the effect of mutations in the ARH on LDLR location and function in polarized hepatocytes (WIF-B). The integrity of the FDNPVY sequence in the LDLR cytoplasmic tail was required for ARH-associated LDLR clustering into clathrin-coated pits. The phosphotyrosine binding domain of ARH plus either the clathrin box or the AP-2 binding region were required for both clustering and internalization of the LDLR. Parallel studies performed in vivo with the same recombinant forms of ARH in livers of Arh(-/-) mice confirmed the relevance of the cell culture findings. These results demonstrate that ARH must bind the LDLR tail and either clathrin or AP-2 to promote receptor clustering and internalization of LDL.
Longitudinal Study of Student Attitudes Toward People with Mental Illness

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of students (n = 36) in an undergraduate occupational therapy program toward people with mental illness and physical disabilities, and the effect of educational experiences on attitudes. Method. Two attitude scales, the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP-A) and Opinions About Mental Illness (OMI), were administered to participants over a three year period. Results. The study revealed a significant difference in attitudes toward people with mental illness compared to attitudes toward people with physical disabilities. At the end of occupational therapy education, attitudes toward people with mental illness were more favorable than at the start of course work, but less so than those towards people with physical disabilities. Attitudes changed in a negative direction after a level I mental health fieldwork. Academic course work was more effective in producing favorable attitudes for participants whose initial attitude was leas...
The Future of Offender Classification some Cautions and Prospects

Selected offender classification practices, past and present, are reviewed and evaluated in light of minimal criteria. Megargee's (1977) requirements for a "good" classification system are amplifie...