cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interlanguage Development by Two Korean Speakers of English With a Focus on Temporality

This study investigates the acquisition of temporality in English by 2 Korean speakers over a period of 24 months. Temporality is examined from two perspectives: (1) the expression of past-time events (PTEs) and (2) semantic aspect and verb morphology, that is, the testing of the Aspect Hypothesis. The analysis of the expression of PTEs confirms earlier findings. The learners' use of discourse devices preceded lexical means, which, in turn, preceded inflectional means. The analysis of the distribution of verb morphology in relation to semantic aspect generally supported the claims of the Aspect Hypothesis. The extension of progressive marking, however, was not observed. Further, contrary to the hypothesis, learners used progressive marking on state verbs.
A comparative genomic analysis of the small heat shock proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans and briggsae

The small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are a ubiquitous family of molecular chaperones. We have identified 18 sHSPs in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome and 20 sHSPs in the Caenorhabditis briggsae genome. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary dynamics of the sHSPs in these two genomes reveals a very complex pattern of evolution. The sHSPs in C. elegans and C. briggsae do not display clear orthologous relationships with other invertebrate sHSPs. But many sHSPs in C. elegans have orthologs in C. briggsae. One group of sHSPs, the HSP16s, has a very unusual evolutionary history. Although there are a number of HSP16s in both the C. elegans and C. briggsae genomes, none of the HSP16s display orthologous relationships across these two species. The HSP16s have an unusual gene pair structure and a complex evolutionary history shaped by gene duplication, gene conversion, and purifying selection. We found no evidence of recent positive selection acting on any of the sHSPs in C. elegans or in C. briggsae. There is also no evidence of functional divergence within the pairs of orthologous C. elegans and C. briggsae sHSPs. However, the evolutionary patterns do suggest that functional divergence has occurred between the sHSPs in C. elegans and C. briggsae and the sHSPs in more distantly related invertebrates.
Stagnation Point Radiative Heat Transfer Measurements at Supersatellite Velocities

Total heat transfer measurements were made using standard calorimeter techniques in an electrically driven 6.5 inch diameter shock tube at stagnation point enthalpies corresponding to velocities of up to 47, 000 ft/sec in air at an altitude of 140,000 feet. The radiative component was separated from the total by subtracting the measured convective component from the total heat transfer rate measurement. The remaining radiative component is compared with the equilibrium radiative heat transfer theory of Kivel and Bailey and the nonequilibrium estimates of Teare, Ge?rgiev, and Allen. The possible sources of error, the advantages and limitations of this technique and the discrepancy with theory is discussed in detail.
Calibration methods of a 2 GHz evanescent microwave magnetic probe for noncontact and nondestructive metal characterization for corrosion, defects, conductivity, and thickness nonuniformities

A near-field magnetic-dipole probe suitable for noncontact and nondestructive imaging of metals is described and the effects of resonator coupling strength, operation frequency, and the probe wire tip geometry on the conductivity resolution of the probe are experimentally determined. Using a simplified circuit model of the resonator, we were able to interpret the system’s output and predict the magnitude of reflected wave and relate it to the properties of the samples under investigation. Thus, the probe was calibrated to perform quantitative conductivity measurements with the ability to detect metal nonuniformities with 1% accuracy and 5×10−3σ and 2×10−2σ conductivity resolutions at 2GHz operation frequency for both the critical and over-coupling probes, respectively. We also discussed the calibration results of probes with different coupling strengths over a 0.91Ω∕square resistive sample. The calibration results of a critical-coupled resonator probe were also compared with a microstrip transmission line...
Balancing user preferences for aircraft schedule recovery during irregular operations

In this paper, the irregular operations problem is approached for the first time in a way that allows an airline to provide for schedule recovery with minimal deviations from the original aircraft routings. A network model with side constraints is presented in which delays and cancellations are used to deal with aircraft shortages in a way that ensures a significant portion of the original aircraft routings remain intact. The model is flexible, allowing user preferences in the objective, and thereby reflecting the immediate concerns of the decision-maker in the recovery schedule. The model can be tailored by airline operations personnel to emphasize differing solution characteristics. Fleet data provided by Continental Airlines are used to demonstrate the approach. Extensive testing indicates that optimal or near-optimal solutions are routinely obtained from the LP relaxation of the network formulation. When integrality is not achieved, a rounding heuristic is provided that finds feasible solutions within...
Conducting polymers: What does the future hold?

Abstract The conducting polymer field has continued its rapid expansion during the past 10 years since the discovery that an organic polymer, polyacetylene, could be doped to the metallic regime. A number of new conducting polymers have since been synthesized and many chemical, structural and physical studies have helped in elucidating the doping processes and electronic and magnetic properties of these materials; however, an adequate understanding of many fundamental phenomena will only be attained by further research. Such understanding will be assisted by the synthesis and study of new types of conducting polymers and composites. The first significant signs of technological applications of these polymers now appearing are expected to stimulate even more basic and applied research in this field in the future.
A self-normalized central limit theorem for ρ -mixing stationary sequences

Abstract A central limit theorem (CLT) for self-normalized sequences of ρ -mixing (strictly) stationary random variables is obtained, provided the regular CLT holds. The self-normalizer is from the classical Bernstein-Block-Technique.
The human gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor gene: alternative splice donor site in exon 4 generates two variant mRNAs

Abstract Gastrin and its carboxyl-terminal homolog cholecystokinin (CCK) exert a variety of biological actions in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that are mediated in part through one or more G protein-coupled receptors which exhibit similar affinity for both peptides. Genomic clones encoding a human gastrin/CCKB receptor were isolated by screening a human EMBL phage library with a partial-length DNA fragment which was based on the nucleotide sequence of the canine gastrin receptor. The gene contained a 1356-bp open reading frame consisting of five exons interrupted by 4 introns and was assigned to human chromosome 11p15.4. A region of exon 4, which encodes a portion of the putative third intracellular loop, appears to be alternatively spliced to yield two different mRNAs, one containing (452 amino acids; long isoform) and the other lacking (447 amino acids; short isoform) the pentapeptide sequence Gly-Gly-Ala-Gly-Pro. The two receptor isoforms may contribute to functional differences in gastrin- and CCK-mediated signal transduction.
THE EFFECTS OF PARENTAL AND PROGENY DIET ON DEVELOPMENT, WEIGHT GAIN, AND SURVIVAL OF PRE-DIAPAUSE LARVAE OF THE SATIN MOTH, LEUCOMA SALICIS (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

Satin moth, Leucoma salicis (L), larvae from parents which fed on eastern cottonwood and largetooth aspen were laboratory-reared from eclosion to diapause (3rd stage) on fresh foliage of seven poplar and one willow species. Larvae from parents which fed on eastern cottonwood weighed more at eclosion, developed more rapidly, had higher survival, and gained more weight by the onset of diapause relative to larvae from aspen-fed parents. Larvae which were fed the host foliage of their parents developed more rapidly. The highest survival and greatest weight gains occurred where progeny of individuals that developed on eastern cottonwood were reared on that host. Lombardy poplar and eastern cottonwood were the most suitable host species, while white, Simon, and balsam poplars were the least suitable.
Effects of an Early Conformational Switch Defect during ϕX174 Morphogenesis Are Belatedly Manifested Late in the Assembly Pathway

ABSTRACT C-terminal, aromatic amino acids in the ϕX174 internal scaffolding protein B mediate conformational switches in the viral coat protein. These switches direct the coat protein through early assembly. In addition to the aromatic amino acids, two acidic residues, D111 and E113, form salt bridges with basic, coat protein side chains. Although salt bridge formation did not appear to be critical for assembly, the substitution of an aromatic amino acid for D111 produced a lethal phenotype. This side chain is uniquely oriented toward the center of the coat-scaffolding binding pocket, which is heavily dominated by aromatic ring-ring interactions. Thus, the D111Y substitution may restructure pocket contacts. Previously characterized B − mutants blocked assembly before procapsid formation. However, the D111Y mutant produced an assembled particle, which contained the structural and external scaffolding proteins but lacked protein B and DNA. A suppressor within the external scaffolding protein, which mediates the later stages of particle morphogenesis, restored viability. The unique formation of a postprocapsid particle and the novel suppressor may be indicative of a novel B protein function. However, genetic data suggest that the particle represents the delayed manifestation of an early assembly error. This seemingly late-acting defect was rescued by previously characterized suppressors of early, preprocapsid, B − assembly mutations, which act on the level of coat protein flexibility. Likewise, the newly isolated suppressor in the external scaffolding protein also exhibited a global suppressing phenotype. Thus, the off-pathway product isolated from infected cells may not accurately reflect the temporal nature of the initial defect.
Catheter microelectrode assembly for in-vivo and in-vitro voltammetric analysis of body fluids.

Abstract An electrode assembly suitable for voltammetric analysis of very small sample volumes, in vitro or vivo, has been constructed inside a catheter. Well-defined differential pulse current peaks have been obtained for acetaminophen, chlorpromazine and ascorbic acid at the submillimolar concentration level. Voltamperograms recorded for rhesus monkey blood in vivo and in vitro were similar.
Experiences of Teens Living in the Shadow of Huntington Disease

Research on families with Huntington Disease (HD) has primarily focused on adult decision-making surrounding predictive genetic testing and caregiver stress. Little is known about the experiences of teens living in these families. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 32 teens living in families with HD. Six focus groups were conducted across the U.S. and Canada. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis. Huntington disease appeared to cast a shadow over the experiences described by teens. Four themes were identified: watching and waiting; alone in the midst of others; family life is kind of hard; and having to be like an adult. These experiences highlight the need for genetic counselors, health care providers, and school personnel to be aware of issues facing teens living in families with HD. Recognizing patterns of teen experiences may help health care providers develop strategies to support coping by teens in HD families.
A filtration of Weyl modules for large weights

A filtration is constructed for each dual Weyl module of a connected reductive group in prime characteristic p , and the quotients of the filtration are identified when the highest weight is far enough from the walls of the dominant chamber. The existence of certain composition factors is deduced.
Thermotropic homopolyesters. I. The preparation and properties of polymers based on 4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl

A homologous series of polyesters was prepared from 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl and dibasic acids having 5-12 methylene units. The mesophases formed at elevated temperatures were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscopy. This family exhibits an unusual odd-even effect when the transition temperatures are plotted as a function of the number of methylene units in the dibasic acid. Not only do the points for odd and even members fall on different curves, but the odd members exhibit a nematic phase over a very short temperature interval, while the even members form a highly ordered smectic phase. For both the odd and even series, the transition temperatures are significantly depressed when the inherent viscosity falls below 0.2 dL/g. The largest depression occurs for the crystal melting transition, so that polymers of low ηinh show anisotropic and biphasic regions over wider temperature ranges. A copolymer formed from an equimolar mixture of sebacic and chiral (+)-3-methyl adipic acid forms a cholesteric phase. Evidently copolymerization destabilizes the smectic phase which would have been expected. The results are discussed in terms of existing theory.
A behavior-genetic approach to multiple chemical sensitivity.

This report emphasizes the application of behavior-genetic designs to the study of sensitivity to toxic chemicals, and features of multiple chemical sensitivity and substance abuse that are polar o...
Coulomb explosion and early plasma generation during femtosecond laser ablation of silicon at high laser fluence

In this paper, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is presented to investigate the femtosecond laser ablation of silicon in air. Fast electron/ion ejection and the resultant early stage plasma dynamics are studied at laser fluence much higher than the ablation threshold (above 10 J cm−2). It is revealed that the early plasma splits into two portions during its expansion, comprised of fast and slow particles, respectively. During the ablation process, ultra-fast ion ejection (before 0.2 ps) from the silicon surface appears to occur before thermal ejection starts. By investigating the ion expansion speed, electric field distribution, and velocity distribution of different ions, the occurrence of Coulomb explosion (CE) is demonstrated in the ablation of silicon at high laser fluence, due to the intense electron emission at the early stage. It leads to a fast ion ejection from the target surface, increasing the material removal rate at the early stage. In contrast, CE is absent in the ablation of copper, although a double-layer effect exists.
Multiplanar supramalleolar osteotomy in the management of complex rigid foot deformities in children

Purpose Residual midfoot and hindfoot deformities in rigidly deformed feet present a very complicated surgical dilemma. A plantigrade foot is desirous for proper lower extremity mechanics in a child with ambulatory potential. In this group of patients, soft tissue procedures are no longer an appropriate option, and well-recognized hindfoot procedures, such as talectomy, have many disadvantages. This study reviews the results obtained using multiplanar supramalleolar osteotomy as a salvage procedure to correct deformities of the complex rigid foot in children.
Readiness for Change among People with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness in a Rehabilitation Program.

The Change Assessment Questionnaire for People with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness (CAQ-SPMI), based on Prochaska's (1992) Stages of Change model, was field tested in order to establish its u...
Design Considerations in the Development of a New Ground Distance Relay

The combined effects of fault resistance and load flow cause the apparent impedance for ground faults to vary over a wide range. A new ground distance relay using a four input phase comparator provides improved security with a fault resistance capability similar to that of a simple quadrature polarized ground distance relay.
Processing and properties of poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole)/nylon fibers

Composite fibers of poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBT) with nylons were spun from dilute acid solutions. The effects of wet-stretching, heat treatment time, tension, and temperature on the tensile properties are reported. Nylon 6,6 and nylon 6 at several molecular weights were studied. Moduli of 40 GPa and tensile strengths of 375 MPa were achieved for 30/70 PBT/nylon composites. Heat treatment of the nylon/PBT fibers at 160–225°C for 12–19 h increased the tensile modulus by 20–50% and the tensile strength by a smaller amount. At the same time, the intrinsic viscosity of the nylons increased as much as 100%, indicating the solid-state polymerization of the nylon. The largest tensile modulus attained is less than half the theoretical value predicted by a linear “rule of mixtures” as might be expected for an oriented molecular composite. Although differential scanning calorimetry shows a melting transition at temperatures 5–10°C higher than the pure nylons, the composite does not flow at temperatures above this transition. Sulfuric acid dissolves most of the nylon, but does not destroy the mechanical integrity of the fibers; differential scanning calorimetry indicates that the remaining fiber contains little or no nylon. The results are consistent with a microstructure consisting of a microfibrillar network of PBT, surrounded by a separate nylon phase.
Profitability in professional sports and benchmarking: the case of NBA franchises

Purpose – The aim of this study is to demonstrate suitability of the continuous improvement framework and use of benchmarking method in the context of sports.Design/methodology/approach – This study uses non‐financial performance measures that are indicative of performance and are closely related to the desired outcomes. Use of such measures seems necessary in the sports and appropriate in relation to professional sports organizations' recruiting, attendance, and profit maximizing objectives. Analyses of this study are based on data of National Basketball Association (NBA) games over three basketball seasons.Findings – The results indicated significant correlation between attendance and winning percentages. Furthermore, the results suggest that a team can improve its winning percentages by changes in the roster that help it emulate superior teams. Comparing teams that advanced in a given season and reach the playoffs with those that did not, revealed the more important skill factors for success in the NBA...
Determinants of involuntary cross-listing: US restaurant companies' perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify determinants of involuntary cross-listing (CL) of US restaurant companies on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FSE). Design/methodology/approach – The study utilizes a mixed method design with an interview and a pooled logistic regression analysis with panel dataset using the company-clustered standard error to develop and test the hypotheses. Findings – The empirical investigation identified determinants of involuntary CL by examining ten factors, including size, firm growth opportunities, leverage, financial flexibility, international operation, profitability, overall German economic condition, industry growth opportunities, restaurant type, and local operation. The study found three determinants – large size, favorable economic condition in Germany and positive industry growth opportunities – utilizing the sample that covers the entire periods of involuntary CL of US restaurant companies on the FSE. Originality/value – This paper uncovers the phenomenon of...
Visualization of Expert Chat Development in a World of Warcraft Player Group.

This article describes expertise development in a player group in the massively multiplayer online game World of Warcraft using visualization of chat log data. Charts were created to get a general sense of chat trends in a specific player group engaged in ‘high-end raiding’, a 40-person collaborative activity. These charts helped identify patterns in the frequency of chat over time during two specific gaming sessions. The sessions represented significant moments in the raid group's history: the first time a particular monster, Ragnaros, was fought and one of the first times he was defeated. Differences between the two cases show differences in the raiding practice and are evidence of learned expertise. Based on this analysis, it is clear that this visualization process is a useful analysis tool within ethnographic accounts of expertise development.
Education on the dangers of passive smoking: a cessation strategy past due.

Passive smoking causes approximately 50 000 deaths annually in the United States, with the vast majority of these deaths due to heart disease.1 The effects of secondhand smoke on many pathophysiological mediators of coronary artery disease are nearly as large as those of active smoking, including impaired platelet function,2 damage to vascular endothelium and its associated repair mechanisms,3 a rise in inflammatory molecules, and dysfunctional lipid metabolism (Figure).2 The large literature on passive smoking is not limited to cardiovascular disease. Passive smoking causes lung cancer, head and neck cancers, respiratory infections, and obstructive lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma) and has been linked with breast cancer in younger women.1,4 Although as of 2008, more than half of the United States was covered by legislation that limits tobacco use in public places and workplaces, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that nearly one half of US nonsmokers continue to be exposed to secondhand smoke.5 Figure. Effects of passive smoking on biological mediators of vascular disease.2,3 NO indicates nitric oxide. Article p 1535 In this issue of Circulation , He et al6 document yet another example of the dangers associated with secondhand smoke exposure: peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). This is the first study to identify an association between exposure to secondhand smoke and the development of PAOD in any population, particularly among the nonsmoking Chinese women they studied. PAOD is a surrogate marker for coronary artery disease, resulting from similar pathophysiological mechanisms: development of atherosclerosis that leads to vascular stenosis and ischemia, which is manifested as claudication in the extremities. Given the similar underlying mechanisms, the results of the study by He et al6 are not surprising, but …
Bilateral Acrometastasis Secondary to Breast Cancer

Abstract Background One out of every 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and 1 in 28 will succumb to the disease. Skeletal metastasis occurs in 16% to 73% of breast cancer patients. Objective To present a comprehensive look at the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options for skeletal metastasis secondary to breast carcinoma by discussing the case of an 80-year-old female patient with bilateral distal lower extremity metastasis following a previous diagnosis of breast cancer. Clinical Features The patient had severe pain in both lower extremities, which caused her to have difficulty when ambulating. She also complained of fatigue and anorexia, with an 8-lb weight loss. Chest examination revealed widespread rales without change. Her left calcaneus was tender to palpation and both feet and ankles were hot and swollen. Laboratory CA 27.29 values were 1131 on October 16, 2001, which was elevated compared with the 454 value obtained previously. Plain films of the lower extremities revealed destructive lesions of the distal left and right tibia and fibula with involvement of the left calcaneus. These findings were most consistent with metastasis. Intervention and Outcome The patient refused further care and sought a hospice referral. Conclusion There is no cure for acrometastasis and prognosis is poor. Treatment focuses on symptomatic relief, extended survival, and maintaining quality of life. Clinicians should consider metastasis in a patient with distal lower extremity osteolytic lesions with a previous history of breast malignancy.
Analysis of Metal Corrosion

Ion beam and nuclear techniques are well suited for a variety of measurements on chemical elements contained in surface and near-surface regions of a sample and, as such, are a valuable tool for studying the processes by which metals corrode. For metals and corrosion films, the methods are generally nondestructive so that measurements can be interspersed with sample exposures to the corroding environment or with any other treatments or measurements that may be desired. Rutherford backscattering and nuclear resonance reaction techniques can be used to measure impurity depth concentration profiles with depth resolutions of less than 100 angstroms for the topmost layers of a surface and a few hundreds of angstroms for deeper layers. Microbeams can be used to study impurities and compositional variations in the plane of the surface with spatial resolutions of better than 5 microns. Nuclear reaction methods are capable of measuring not only the amount of a given chemical element present but also of specific isotopes of that element. It is possible with these methods therefore to use stable isotope tracers for studying atomic transport and surface reaction mechanisms. The elements important in metal corrosion processes can all be studied with ion beam and nuclear techniques. The reaction to use for a specific analysis problem will depend on the interferences to be expected from the sample, on the sensitivity and accuracy needed, and on the kind of information required.
Thermodynamic properties of FCC-based Al-Ag alloys

Abstract The energetics and thermodynamics of fcc-based Al-Ag alloys have important consequences for the formation of Guinier-Preston (GP) zones in Al-rich alloys. Bulk thermodynamic properties of stable and metastable fcc-based phases in the Ag-Al system are studied from first principles using quantum-mechanical, total-energy methods combined with the cluster-variation method. From the results of these calculations the metastable fcc-based Ag-Al phase diagram has been calculated. Our calculated phase diagram features a monotectoid reaction. A miscibility gap in the fcc solid solution phase is present above the monotectoid temperature and a two-phase field between the Al-rich solid solution and an ordered fcc-based Ag 2 Al phase is predicted for low temperatures. Therefore, our calculations provide clear evidence that the structure of e (high temperature) and η (low temperature) GP-zone precipitates should be disordered and long-range ordered, respectively. Our preliminary findings using a full-potential electronic-structure technique indicate that lattice relaxations in the alloys can significantly alter the formation energies.
Preconditioning technique in land mine imaging

Two novel solution methods for the inverse problem for the 2D Helmholtz equation are developed, tested and compared. The proposed approaches are based on a marching finite-difference scheme which requires the solution of an overdetermined system at each step. The preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used for rapid solution of these systems and an efficient preconditioner has been developed for this class of problems. The underlying target application is the imaging of land mines, which is formulated as an inverse problem for a 2D Helmholtz equation. The images represent the electromagnetic properties of the respective underground regions. Numerical results are presented.
Gender, Citizenship, and the Welfare State: Social Work and the Politics of Femininity in the Weimar Republic

In a talk delivered on 20 September 1918, Gertrud Baumer, the president of the League of German Women's Associations (BDF) likened the political status of German women to mothers who were forced to nurse their children with their hands tied behind their backs. They were thoroughly frustrated by the destructiveness of the war and were only able to fulfill their duties toward family and nation because they believed that the experience of the war would make the nation stronger.
Decreased Microvascular Nitric Oxide–Dependent Vasodilation in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome

Background— One variant of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), designated low-flow POTS, is associated with decreased peripheral blood flow related to impaired local vascular regulation. Methods and Results— To investigate the hypothesis that microvascular endothelial dysfunction produces decreased peripheral blood flow in low-flow POTS, we performed experiments using laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) combined with iontophoresis in 15 low-flow POTS patients, 17 normal-flow POTS patients, and 13 healthy reference volunteers varying in age from 14 to 22 years. We tested whether α-adrenergic vasoregulation was impaired using iontophoretic delivery of tyramine, phentolamine, and bretylium followed by a norepinephrine dose response. We tested endothelial-dependent and -independent receptor-mediated vasodilation by measuring acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside dose responses. We tested whether nitric oxide–dependent vasodilation was different in these groups by testing the local thermal hyperemic response to s...
Software model checking takes off

A translator framework enables the use of model checking in complex avionics systems and other industrial settings.
Total lymphoid irradiation in alloimmunity and autoimmunity.

Total lymphoid irradiation has been used as an immunosuppressive regimen inautoimmune disease and organ transplantation. The rationale for its use originated from studies of patients with Hodgkin disease, in whom this radiotherapy regimen was noted to induce profound and long-lasting immune suppression and yet was well tolerated, with few long-term side effects. Total lymphoid irradiation is a unique immunosuppressive regimen that produces a selective (and long-lasting) reduction in the number and function of helper T cells and certain subsets of B cells. Conventional immunosuppressive drugs show little selectivity, and their effects are short-lived. The most important aspect of total lymphoid irradiation is the potential for achieving transplantation tolerance and permanent remissions in autoimmune disease in laboratory animals. Attempts are being made to achieve similar goals in humans given total lymphoid irradiation, so that immunosuppressive drugs can be ultimately withdrawn from transplant recipients and patients with lupus nephritis.
Heart failure: What does ejection fraction have to do with it?

Heart failure (HF) occurs across the entire range of left ventricular (LV) ejection fractions (EF), not just reduced EF. Nearly half or more patients presenting with HF have a preserved EF>0.50 (HFpEF). Diastolic dysfunction is apparent in all patients with HF, regardless of EF. A preserved EF indicates that the end-diastolic volume is appropriate for the stroke volume, and a reduced EF indicates that the end-diastolic volume is enlarged relative to stroke volume (i.e. the LV is dilated). Most therapies proven to be effective in HF with a reduced EF (ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and cardiac resynchronization) reverse LV dilation. These therapies have not been proven to be effective in HFpEF. Increasing c-GMP may be a treatment target in HFpEF, and potential ways of increasing c-GMP are being studied. Finally, comorbidities are important in HFpEF and are additional targets for therapy.
MBE growth and doping of III–V nitrides

We report on the growth and doping of GaN by molecular-beam epitaxy on the c-plane of sapphire. We find that the steps of nitridation and low-temperature buffer have a significant effect on the structure, microstructure, defects and opto-electronic properties of the grown GaN films. The electron mobility in Si-doped GaN films was found to be controlled both by the density of ionized impurities and the density of dislocations. This result is consistent with the model which assumes that dislocations introduce acceptor centers. Films were doped p-type with Mg with carrier concentration up to 6 x 10 18 cm -3 , but relatively low hole mobilities (0.3 cm 2 /V s). These low mobilities can be improved by thermal annealing, a result attributed to the removal of static disorder.
What are the prognostic factors for survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

What are the prognostic factors for survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
Siegel, David S. and Siegel, Susan. (2007). Radio and the Jews: The untold story of how radio influenced America's image of Jews, 1920s–1950s

New York: Book Hunter Press. I looked at the cover of my newly purchased Radio and the Jews and beheld an image of one of the cliches of radio history: Mom, Junior and Sis are seated around the hea...
Identification of Geosmin as the Major Muddy Off‐flavor of Louisiana Brackish Water Clam (Rangia cuneata)

The major compound responsible for the objectionable muddy or musty/earthy off-flavor in Louisiana brackish water clams (Rangia cuneata)was positively identified as geosmin (trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-g-de-calol), based on gas chromatographic retention times, electron ionization mass spectra, and odor characteristics. Confirmation was based on analysis of authentic geosmin under experimental conditions comparable to those of the clam samples.
Using the LANSCE irradiation facility to predict the number of fatal soft errors in one of the world’s fastest supercomputers

Abstract Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is home to the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). LANSCE is a unique facility because its neutron spectrum closely mimics the neutron spectrum at terrestrial and aircraft altitudes, but is many times more intense. Thus, LANSCE provides an ideal setting for accelerated testing of semiconductor and other devices that are susceptible to cosmic ray induced neutrons. Many industrial companies use LANSCE to estimate device susceptibility to cosmic ray induced neutrons, and it has also been used to test parts from one of LANL’s supercomputers, the ASC (Advanced Simulation and Computing Program) Q. This paper discusses our use of the LANSCE facility to study components in Q including a comparison with failure data from Q.
Variation in the Timing of Puberty: Clinical Spectrum and Genetic Investigation

Human puberty begins with the reemergence of GnRH secretion from its relative quiescence during childhood, activating a cascade of pituitary-gonadal maturation. This transition begins across a wide range of ages, and the rate of subsequent sexual maturation can be quite varied. The factors that regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and modulate the timing of puberty remain elusive, but it is clear that some regulation is under genetic control. Here, we discuss how new advances in genetic research may provide the tools to help unravel this long-standing mystery.
Studies on cockroach flight: The role of continuous neural activation of non‐flight muscles

The primary purpose of this study was to identify the muscles active during flight and determine their temporal relationships in the flight-cycle, thereby laying the foundations for further investigations of the neural control of flight in the cockroach. The wing-beat frequency of tethered roaches and the frequency of the flight-cycle in restrained animals was similar, varying between 23 and 30 beats/second. Intracellular recordings of metathoracic and metacoxal muscle were made simultaneously with electromyograms from the elevators of the wing. Muscles 155, 157, 161, 162, 163, 177A, and 174-6 were active near the onset of elevator activity; muscles 153, 154, 164, 165, 167, 169, and 177C were active approximately 180° out of phase with the elevators. Muscles 177A and 177C, bifunctional in nature, act as antagonists during flight and as synergists to extend the femur. Since the femur is held flexed during flight, the activity of the femoral flexors, 181A-C and 182C, was determined during flight. 181A and B showed a bimodal phase distribution while 181C and 182C was almost continuously active during flight. Therefore, the flight-motor-program reciprocally drives the elevators and depressors and can continuously drive the motor-neuronal pool operating the femoral flexor. This continuous drive fixes the femur and permits 177A and 177C to act on the thoracic box.
Pseudotumor of the Mediastinum

The case of a mass in the mediastinum which occurred following surgery and irradiation at the site of previously excised thymoma is presented. This mass proved to be a pseudotumor consisting of fibrous tissue without evidence of tumor recurrence.
Microstructural features of a mortar as seen by computed microtomography

While low resolution limits the use of computed microtomography for microstructural investigation, the method has a unique advantage in that no specimen preparation is required; the images produced are thus entirely free of specimen preparation artifacts. In the present communication we report examination of the microstructure of a w:c 0.6 mortar, with the tomographic information resolved on a set of more than 500 successive planar images each 1.2 μm apart. Selected images are compared with backscatter SEM images taken from similar materials at comparable magnifications. The same features are observed, including sand grains, air voids, residual cement grains, hydrated cement paste components, and hollow-shell pores. The “patchy” microstructure of different areas of hardened cement paste, previously reported for mortars and concretes in backscatter SEM, is clearly also present in images derived from computed microtomography, and are not artifacts of SEM specimen preparation.
The peroxy radical model for the chemisorption of O2 onto silicon surfaces

Abstract We propose that an oxygen molecule chemisorbed onto the silicon surface has an electronic structure corresponding to a peroxy radical. Using this model we carried out extensive theoretical calculations including electron correlation (generalized valence bond with configuration interaction) obtaining excitation energies and ionization potentials.
From Mental Poker to Core Business: Why and How to Deploy Secure Computation Protocols?

Technological innovations in security and privacy are critical to advancing modern computing in our time. I will present an effort involving deployment of experimental commercial applications designed and built as a 'secure multi-party computation protocol for specific tasks,' to be used repetitively to achieve a number of concrete ubiquitous business goals. In these applications, the outputs are calculated in the presence of privacy constraints which prevent parties from sharing their individual inputs directly and openly. I will also discuss what I think are the reasons for the inherent difficulty of developing such routines in general (for achieving business goals). In particular, I will survey what I believe to be the reasons that almost 40 years since secure computation protocols was invented as a basic theoretical notion, capturing specific and then general computational tasks, and in spite of its theoretical and even experimentation success, the notion has not yet been widely and seriously used in achieving routine relevant business goals (in contrast with symmetric key and public key cryptosystems and protocols, which were also proposed 40 years ago and are used extensively, primarily to implement secure authenticated channels). The presentation will also cover the general bottom up methodology used in this effort leading to the design and development process. This exemplifying methodology includes: feasibility study of the specific domain, extraction of business needs which are limited by privacy constraints, application analysis from the perspective of utility metrics and secure computing. Then, the methodology further includes design, implementation, and experimentation, guided by the analysis and employing appropriate protocols, while considering scale and performance constraints, and cost overhead that is tolerable.
Sparse Image Reconstruction for Partially known Blur Functions

In this paper, we consider the problem of image reconstruction from the noisy blurred version of an original image when the blurring operator is partially known and the original image is sparse. Using optimization transfer, we derive a novel iterative algorithm in closed-form that incorporates both sparseness and partial knowledge of the image. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm using simulations.
Upper Bounds for the Power of Invariant Tests for the Exponential Distribution with Weibull Alternatives

The problem of testing for the exponential distribution (with scale, or both location and scale parameters unknown) against Weibull alternatives is considered. Upper bounds for the power of any invariant test are presented. Tests based upon the maximum likelihood estimator of the shape parameter, or a modification of it, are given which virtually achieve these bounds.
New challenges in biomaterials

Significant opportunities and challenges exist in the creation and characterization of biomaterials. Materials have been designed for contact with blood, as replacements for soft and hard tissues, as adhesives, and as dental materials. Current methods of synthesis and characterization of these materials are outlined. Approaches for controlling the interface between tissue and biomaterials and ways in which the engineered materials may contribute to medicine are considered.
Lignin-Derived Phenols in Houston Aerosols: Implications for Natural Background Sources

Solvent-extractable monomeric methoxyphenols in aerosol samples conventionally have been used to indicate the influence of biomass combustion. In addition, the presence of lignin oxidation products (LOP), derived from the CuO oxidation of vascular plant organic matter, can help trace the source and inputs of primary biological particles in aerosols. Ambient aerosols (coarse and fine) collected in Houston during summer 2010 were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to characterize monomeric and polymeric sources of LOPs. This is the first time polymeric forms of the LOPs have been characterized in ambient aerosols. The absence or small concentrations of solvent-extractable monomeric LOPs and levoglucosan isomers point to the limited influence of biomass burning during the sampling period. The trace levels of anhydrosugar concentrations most likely result from long-range transport. This observation is supported by the absence of co-occurring lignin monomers that undergo photochemical degradation...
Effect of annealing on the mechanical properties of nano-copper reinforced open-cell aluminum foams

Abstract Hybrid metal foams can be created by reinforcing conventional open-cell aluminum (Al) foams with metals such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) using electrodeposition. It has been demonstrated that hybrid foams can have an enhanced and controllable modulus, strength and energy absorption capacity. However, the low ductility of the nanocrystalline structured coating materials in hybrid foams may cause rupture and separation of the coating material and significantly reduce their energy absorption capacity. In this study, Al/Cu hybrid foams manufactured through electrodeposition were subjected to an annealing process and the effect of annealing temperature and time on their macro- and micro-level behavior under compression and tension was investigated using experimental and numerical methods. It was found that a proper amount of annealing can significantly enhance the energy absorption capacity of Al/Cu hybrid foams by increasing the coating ductility. However, excessive annealing will lead to formation of a wide zone of intermetallic compound at the Al/Cu interface and reduce the performance of Al/Cu hybrid foams.
Double- and triple-step incremental generation of lines

A method of increasing the efficiency of line drawing algorithms by setting additional pixels during loop iterations is presented in this paper. This method adds no additional costs to the loop. It is applied here to the double-step algorithm presented in [15] and later used in [14], resulting in up to a thirty-three percent reduction in the number of iterations and a sixteen percent increase in speed. In addition, the code complexity and initialization costs of the resulting algorithm remain the same.
Moral Valence and Semantic Intuitions

Despite the swirling tide of controversy surrounding the work of Machery et al. (Cognition 92:B1–B12, 2004), the cross-cultural differences they observed in semantic intuitions about the reference of proper names have proven to be robust. In the present article, we report cross-cultural and individual differences in semantic intuitions obtained using new experimental materials. In light of the pervasiveness of the Knobe effect (Analysis 63:190–193, 2003, Philos Psychol 16:309–324, 2003, Behav Brain Sci 33:315–329, 2010; Pettit and Knobe in Mind Lang 24:586–604, 2009) and the fact that Machery et al.’s original materials incorporated elements of wrongdoing but did not control for their influence, we also examined the question of whether the moral valence of actions described in experimental materials might affect participants’ responses. Our results suggest that uncontrolled moral valence did not distort participants’ judgments in previous research. Our findings provide further confirmation of the robustness of cross-cultural and intra-cultural differences in semantic intuitions and strengthen the philosophical challenge that they pose.
Keratinizing odontogenic cyst with verrucous proliferation.

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