cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of CS for All on College Placement in Computer Science

With the CS for All movement increasingly gaining traction nationally, students entering colleges and universities are arriving with deeper and broader CS experiences. This in turn can change students' higher education starting point. This panel of CS faculty with expertise in this area will present perspectives and models to describe how higher education choices for placement, credit, and curriculum design affect the efforts to broaden participation in student pathways into computing and related studies.
Femur, Tibia, and Fibula Fractures Secondary to Youth Soccer: A Descriptive Study and Review of the Literature

Objectives Soccer is the most popular sport in the world and is one of the top sports with increased participation. Despite the vast and increasing numbers of soccer players, limited data are available on pediatric lower extremity injuries. In particular, the purpose of the study is to describe the epidemiology of femur, tibia, and fibula fractures secondary to youth soccer. Methods A retrospective review concerning soccer-related femur, tibia, and fibula fractures was conducted in children under the age of 18 years from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2015 with statewide data from the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation (PTSF), Mechanicsburg, PA. Results A total of 258 youth soccer players were admitted for femur, tibia, and fibula fractures from 2000 to 2015. These fractures constituted 33% of soccer-related injuries in youth admitted at trauma centers. Sixty-five percent of the fractures involved the tibia and 34% involved the femur. Body contact injury resulted in 54% of the fractures and non-body contact injury resulted in 46% of the fractures. Athletes the age of 13 and older sustained 67% of the fractures and were more likely to incur contact injuries (p-value=0.000041) than those less than 13. Males sustained 67% of the fractures, and gender was not associated with the mechanism of injury (p-value=0.43). Open fractures included 10% of tibia fractures and did not occur in femur fractures. The growth plate was involved in 24% of the femur fractures and 17% of the tibia fractures. Conclusion Youth soccer has the potential for serious femur, tibia, and fibula fractures. Intervention programs should aim at reducing non-body contact mechanism in children < 13 years of age and body contact mechanism in children ≥ 13 years of age. Further research should investigate injury prevention methods such as potentially reducing body contact mechanism by improving the effectiveness of shin guards.
E-142 Dual lumen PICC line for treatment of refractory multilevel CSF leak by fibrin glue

Background and Purpose Epidural blood patch has been the standard of care for treating Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks that fail conservative management whether it is related to post-dural puncture or spontaneous. The use of fibrin glue and mixed blood/fibrin patches have been described to be effective in multiple reports. However, in many cases of CSF leak, identifying the level(s) of the leak to direct the treatment poses a challenge leading to refractory symptoms post treatment, especially in spontaneous CSF leak. We describe a novel approach for treating refractory CSF leakage using peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines in the epidural space. Materials and Methods Two patients presenting with recurrent attacks of progressive positional headache (one spontaneous and one post traumatic) were proven by myelograms to be secondary to CSF leak. After failure of conservative management, epidural blood patch was decided. Results In the post-traumatic patient, epidural contrast extravasation was seen in the ventral epidural space extending between C6 and T4 levels, centered at the T1/T2 disc space with 2 sites of leak suspected at C7/T1 and the other between T3 and T6 level. After 5 unsuccessful attempts of epidural blood and fibrin patches and failed hemilaminectomy with transpedicular repair over a 2-month period, a 4 F sheath was placed at L2/3 level followed by navigation of a diagnostic catheter over a guide wire to the upper thoracic levels, the catheter was then exchanged for a 4F PICC line and 13 cc of fibrin glue was injected all the way from T4 level down to L2/3 level. Following treatment, the patients‘ symptoms significantly improved with no further treatment required. In the other case of spontaneous CSF leak, 4 leakage sites were suspected; patient underwent 4 epidural blood and fibrin glue patches at various levels between T1 and L4, with none of which was successful in controlling the symptoms. Again, a PICC line inserted at L3/4 level was navigated to the craniocervical junction followed by fibrin glue injection in the epidural space from the craniocervical junction down to the upper lumbar level. The procedure was successful in achieving symptoms resolution. No post-procedure complications occurred in both patients. Conclusions Epidural Fibrin glue injection using peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines is a safe and effective approach for treatment of refractory CSF leaks with multiple or unconfirmed sites of leakage. Disclosures R. Abdalla: None. D. Cantrell: None. M. Hurley: None. S. Ansari: None. A. Shaibani: None.
Can planned CD34+ stem cell boost prevent poor graft function after peripheral blood haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation?

Haploidentical HCT (haplo-HCT) with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) offers a crucial alternative for patients without an HLA-matched donor [1]. Traditional outcome measurements for hematopoi...
Chapter 2 – Random-Field Ising Models of Hysteresis

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the results of the simulations and analysis. The arguments for the applicability of the model of hysteresis are based on renormalization group and scaling theories, first developed to study continuous-phase transitions in equilibrium systems. To a large extent, these theories can be seen as the underlying reason for many theories of nature being applied to the real world, and (more specifically) different magnets sharing common features in their dynamics despite having microscopically different morphologies and energetics. A successful theory should predict statistical averages of almost any quantity that is dominated by events on large length and time scales, up to certain overall parameter-dependent scales (analogous to viscosity and density for fluids).
Phenomenology of Higgs Boson Interactions

This chapter describes the Higgs boson’s interactions with other particles and provides a theoretical basis for the experimental analyses discussed in the next chapter. Special attention is given to matrix element calculations and their uses in producing Monte Carlo simulations of Higgs boson events, reweighting those simulations, and distinguishing between hypotheses.
Daily Ethnic/Racial Context in Peer Groups: Frequency, Structure, and Implications for Adolescent Outcomes.

Ethnic/racial context in peer groups is poorly understood. Using daily data from 178 ethnically/racially diverse adolescents (Mage = 14.53) over 2 weeks, this study investigated peer processes related to ethnicity/race (peer ethnic/racial processes) in everyday life. On average, peer ethnic/racial processes occurred about 1 to 4 days over the 2 weeks. On days when adolescents reported more negative peer ethnic/racial processes (indicated by ethnic/racial teasing, discrimination, victimization, and partially by preparation for bias), they also reported lower school engagement. On days when adolescents reported more positive peer ethnic/racial processes (indicated by cultural socialization, support against discrimination, and partially by preparation for bias), they exhibited more prosocial behaviors and greater ethnic/racial identity private regard. Similar associations emerged at the between-person level.
The Effects of Mathematics Professional Development on Elementary Student Achievement

Using a cluster randomized trial, we investigated the effects of mathematics professional development on student achievement in elementary schools. Pairs of schools were matched on prior mathematics; percentage of students receiving free or reduced-price lunch and percentage of limited English proficient students were randomly assigned to two groups. One received professional development on mathematics that focuses on diagnosing student thinking and the other received professional development on formative assessment. Student-level achievement data (pretest and posttest performance on a standardized test of mathematics) were nested within grades and schools and analyzed using mixed-effects multi-level linear modeling. The results indicate students in schools that were provided the mathematics professional development had greater mathematics achievement than students in schools in a control condition. The effect held across grade levels.
Community Coalition Efforts to Prevent Adolescent Substance Use: A Systematic Review.

A systematic review explored the creation and maintenance of community coalitions as effective for alcohol and other drug (AOD) prevention in adolescence. Community coalitions influence the impleme...
Geochemical evidence for volcanic signatures in sediments of the Younger Dryas event

Abstract One of the prevailing hypotheses for the origin of the Younger Dryas (YD) cooling event is that it resulted from a bolide impact or airburst. Purported impact markers peak at or near the YD basal boundary layer at Northern Hemisphere locations. In this study, the 187Os/188Os ratios and highly siderophile element (HSE: Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd, Re) abundances in a well-dated sediment section through the Younger Dryas at the Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas are reported. Unradiogenic 187Os/188Os peaks, which could be mantle-derived or extraterrestrial, have been found above, within, and below the YD basal boundary layer. Mass balance mixing models using chondrites or iron meteorites with upper continental crust fail to duplicate the chondrite-normalized HSE patterns of the sediment samples. These HSE signatures in the Friedkin site section replicate those found in Hall’s Cave, Texas. The new results here thus independently confirm that the HSE abundances in the unradiogenic Os layers are likely a fingerprint of volcanic gas aerosols derived from large Plinian eruptions and not extra-terrestrial materials. To better constrain the lithological origins of YD sediments from the Friedkin and Hall’s Cave sites, Texas, trace elements are presented here. The rare earth elements (REE) patterns and Ir, Ni, Ti and Zr abundances are also characterized with terrestrial signatures as opposed to impact melt rocks. An age profile correlation between the two study sites, further shows that three unradiogenic Os peaks overlap in time. The results are inconsistent with the extraterrestrial hypothesis and support instead an episodic and volcanic origin for the observed geochemical anomalies at the Debra L. Friedkin and Hall’s Cave sites, Texas.
General Anesthesia for Pediatric Radiotherapy in the Era of COVID-19.

Purpose/Objective(s) Managing pediatric patients (pts) requiring daily general anesthesia (GA) for radiation (RT) in the setting of COVID-19 is complex, due to both the aerosolizing nature of GA procedures and the risk of cardiopulmonary complications for infected pts. We hypothesized that deliberate management of pts requiring GA for RO during COVID-19 would allow safe operations to continue. Materials/Methods Pediatric pts treated under GA at our tertiary hospital from 3/1/2020 to 1/29/2021 were identified; development of COVID-19 precautions began on 3/1/2020. Pts underwent COVID testing prior to their first treatment and thrice weekly (MWF) during treatment. Pts were accompanied by only one designated adult caregiver through the entire RT course; caregivers were verbally screened; and staff personal protective equipment (PPE) included surgical mask and eye protection. For COVID+ pts, RT was delivered at the end of day; a negative pressure room was used for GA induction and recovery; staff PPE included N-95 masks or powered air purifying respirators (PAPRs); and separate physician/nurse teams were designated for in-room vs. out-of-room pt management. Results 78 pediatric pts received RT under GA (vs. 69 pts over the same prior-year timeframe). From 3/1/2020-1/29/2021, mean age was 4.9 y (range 5.5 m - 19.0 y), 41/78 (52.6%) were male, and 2/78 (2.6%) received 2 courses of RT under GA, for a total of 80 courses. 24/80 (30.0%) courses were delivered to the chest, abdomen, and/or pelvis, 21/80 (26.3%) craniospinal axis, 17/80 (21.3%) brain, 9/80 (11.3%) total body irradiation, 5/80 (6.3%) head/neck, and 4/80 (5%) other. 64/80 (80%) of courses were delivered with curative intent. 39/80 (48.8%) used proton therapy, 18/80 (22.5%) photons, and 23/80 (28.8%) both modalities. Mean number of treatment fractions was 22.2 (range 1-40). 2/78 pts (2.6%) tested positive for COVID-19, both asymptomatic. Early in the pandemic (4/2020), pt 1 (a 3 yo female with neuroblastoma) had simulation delay for known household contact; after 5 weeks, COVID testing returned positive after the first day of RT. A 2 d treatment interruption was required to finalize institutional COVID guidelines, and treatment continued without incident. Because eye protection was not yet routinely used early in the pandemic, 17 staff were quarantined, but no further staff exposures occurred after precautions for the positive test were implemented. Later in the pandemic (1/2021), pt 2 (a 3 yo male with relapsed medulloblastoma) tested positive on initial COVID testing, requiring 10 d of COVID precautions for treatment; no staff exposures occurred. No caregivers screened positive, and no children presented for treatment without the designated parent. Conclusion With careful multidisciplinary planning to mitigate COVID-19 risk, pediatric RT with GA was carried out for a large pt volume without widespread infection, and without increased toxicities from either GA or RT. Frequent pt COVID testing and attention to PPE limited staff exposures.
Recovery Model Implementation for a Medical/Geriatric Psychiatric Unit to Decrease Restraint and Seclusion Episodes: A Quality Improvement Project.

Introduction:In inpatient behavioral health units, a long-standing behavioral management controversy has been whether to physically restrain or seclude patients. The rate of restraint use at the in...
An investigation of vehicle dependent aspects of terminal area ATC operation.

Description of a terminal area simulation which permits analysis and synthesis of current and advanced air traffic management system configurations including ground and airborne instrumentation and new and modified aircraft characteristics. Ground elements in the simulation include navigation aids, surveillance radars, communication links, air-route structuring, ATC procedures, airport geometries, and runway handling constraints. Airborne elements include traffic samples with individual aircraft performance and operating characteristics and aircraft navigation equipment. The simulation also contains algorithms for conflict detection, conflict resolution, sequencing and pilot-controller data links.
PLANE - STRAIN UNDRAINED STRENGTH OF COMPACTED CLAY

COMPARATIVE TRIAXIAL AND PLANE STRAIN TESTS WERE PERFORMED ON SAMPLES OF COMPACTED KAOLINITE AND A COMPACTED SILTY CLAY AT CONFINING PRESSURES UP TO 1,500 PSI. THE STRESS-STRAIN CURVES INDICATED THAT THE PLANE STRAIN SAMPLES WERE GENERALLY MORE BRITTLE THAN THE TRIAXIAL SAMPLES. HOWEVER, BOTH TYPES OF SAMPLES CONSOLIDATED UNDER THE SAME MAJOR PRINCIPAL STRESS DEVELOPED THE SAME FINAL WATER CONTENT AND THE SAME PEAK STRENGTH ON A TOTAL OR AN EFFECTIVE STRESS BASIS. /AUTHOR/
Rotating Frame Spin–Lattice Relaxation Off‐Resonance

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Theory 3 Experimental Implementation 4 Applications 5 Acknowledgements 6 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
A Review of “Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe”

Every intro to Africa course pays lip service to the artificiality of the state borders etched in nineteenth-century Berlin. Yet a rigorous postnational lens is among the winged unicorns of African...
Is the Future like the Past? Challenges to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime

Ballistic Missile Proliferation: The Politics and Technics.By Aaron Karp. Nuclear Rivalry and International Order.Edited By Jorn Gjelstad and Olav Njolstad
Measurements of electron density and temperature profiles in plasma produced by Nike KrF laser for laser plasma instability research

A grid image refractometer (GIR) has been implemented at the Nike krypton fluoride laser facility of the Naval Research Laboratory. This instrument simultaneously measures propagation angles and transmissions of UV probe rays (λ = 263 nm, Δt = 10 ps) refracted through plasma. We report results of the first Nike-GIR measurement on a CH plasma produced by the Nike laser pulse (∼1 ns FWHM) with the intensity of 1.1 × 1015 W/cm2. The measured angles and transmissions were processed to construct spatial profiles of electron density (ne) and temperature (Te) in the underdense coronal region of the plasma. Using an inversion algorithm developed for the strongly refracted rays, the deployed GIR system probed electron densities up to 4 × 1021 cm−3 with the density scale length of 120 μm along the plasma symmetry axis. The resulting ne and Te profiles are verified to be self-consistent with the measured quantities of the refracted probe light.
Racial Disparities in Infection and Sepsis: Does Biology Matter?

Health disparities refer to preventable differences in the indicators of health for different population groups. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) define disparities as differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups. Many groups all over the world are affected by disparities, including racial and ethnic minorities, older adults, children, women, and residents of rural areas.
Horror stories, war stories or (un)happy endings: Locating social service workers in neoliberal plots

As a grounded account of a neoliberal reform project, this article explores efforts to shape and reshape the “conduct of conduct” in social services. To investigate the ways that neoliberal commonsense enters the life worlds of social service workers, this article explores the narratives disseminated in State-sponsored social movement, promoted by government insiders and contractors, funded by private foundations, and aimed at garnering support for reinventing the welfare state. The author argues for paying attention to the narrative structures that are deployed to enlist social service workers in “rolling back” or “rolling out” the often contradictory policy innovations of neoliberal reform. The narratives told to and by workers in the context of reform can be analyzed as “cultural schema” offered to serve as guides to action and sources of meaning for social workers. Tracing narrative structures can help to connect local and extra-local efforts at reform; following narrative threads and discontinuities may also help identify shifts and changes in neoliberal reform efforts over time. Finally, examining the stories of reform in context may shed light on the ways that neoliberal reform rhetoric that appears from a distance to be “self-actualizing” is in fact propelled by narrative; enforced through a related set of incentives, threats, opportunities and coercions; and thus, potentially vulnerable to challenge and resistance.
Predicting shear strengths of mine waste rock dumps and rock fill dams using artificial neural networks

Three new back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting the shear strength envelopes of mine waste rock dumps and rock fill dams are presented. Fourteen key material properties for rock fill characterisation are mustered for model development and evaluation. Using principal component analysis, the initial fourteen parameters are ultimately reduced to six through data compression. The neural net with the fewest parameters (ANNOPTC) is consistent over the widest range of confining stresses for shear strength prediction. The three artificial neural networks also perform better than multiple regression conducted on the same global database. Sensitivity analysis ranks input parameters as normal stress, minimum particle strength, dry unit weight, 10% passing sieve size, the coefficient of curvature of the particle size distribution, and the coefficient of uniformity of the particle size distribution in decreasing order of significance. Excellent agreement is observed between predicted and measured shear strengths for new cases.
Empirical implications of statistical discrimination on the returns to measures of skills

Nous analysons comment, en presence de discrimination statistique, l'evaluation d'un enqueteur peut etre biaisee. Ce biais est tel que l'enqueteur pourrait rejeter l'hypothese de discrimination statistique dans le cadre d'une regression de type Mincer meme si les donnees sont generees a partir d'un equilibre incluant de la discrimination statistique. Cette situation pourrait se produire meme si le signal que recoit l'enqueteur au sujet de la productivite est plus informatif que le signal de l'employeur.
Negative ions generated by reactions with oxygen in the chemical ionization source. II. The use of wall-catalyzed oxidation reactions for differentiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their methyl derivatives

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) undergo wall-catalyzed oxidation reactions, in conjunction with electron-and ion-molecule reactions, when oxygen is present in the chemical ionization source. Under conditions that promote these wall-catalyzed oxidation reactions (addition of oxygen, elevated ion source temperature) oxidized products are easily detected by measurement of the negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectra. The NICI mass spectra are dominated by ions that result from electron-capture ionization of oxidation products such as ketones, quinones and anhydrides. In this study the NICI mass spectra of 30 PAH and 46 methyl-substituted PAH were measured. These spectra can be used to differentiate certain isomeric PAH based upon differences in molecular structure. Of particular interest are ions that appear in the spectra of methyl-substituted PAH, which can provide information regarding the position of methyl substituents.
Aerodynamic characteristics of two general aviation canard configurations at high angles of attack

The results of wind tunnel tests of two propeller driven canard general aviation aircraft models at high angles of attack are reported. Both tractor and pusher prop configurations were examined. Angles of attack of -6 to 40 deg were used with the pusher model at Re of 1,600,000, and from -30 to 90 deg and Re of 550,000 for the tractor model. The tests showed that the canard would stall long before the wing and produce a nose-down tendency, thus effectively keeping the aircraft out of the stall regime. However, a sequence of pilot actions or design factors such as the airfoils, relative geometry of the canard and wing, the propeller location and the center of gravity location could introduce a wide variance in stall characteristics from one aircraft to another.
When is a nation ‘a nation’? Identity‐formation within a French West Indian people (Martinique)*

. Nationhood is usually considered a subjective state of being acquired by a self-conscious group sharing cultural distinctiveness and political goals. Social scientists and historians also endeavor to delineate objective factors that impart national status to minority peoples. Rarely do the elected officials of a non-sovereign people have the opportunity to vote on whether or not their constituency constitutes a discrete nation. The extraordinary Congress of 2002 in Martinique did provide such an opportunity, however. The contradictory outcomes of that seminal event – including the plebiscite one year later on a proposed change of status for this Caribbean island within the French Republic – reveal much about the ambiguous status of Martinican group identity. They also underline the need for theoreticians of nationalism to take into account politically and culturally specific understandings of the very concept of ‘nation’. That a formerly colonised people may materially benefit disproportionately from ongoing institutional relationships with its former colonial power – countercolonialism – also needs to be considered.
Submersible Incubation Device (SID), autonomous instrumentation for the in situ measurement of primary production and other microbial rate processes

Abstract A Submersible Incubation Device (SID) is described that will conduct three sequential time-course incubation experiments directly in situ. Each incubation involves a cleaning cycle, procurement of a 400 ml sample at depth, with simultaneous introduction of fresh tracer, and the time-course preservation of four subsamples for analysis upon retrieval of the instrument (12 subsamples total). The instrument records elapsed time, pressure (depth), light intensity, temperature and battery voltage throughout the deployment. The instrument has been used successfully for measurements of phytoplankton production in the open ocean and coastal wates. Three modes of operation have been employed: (a) a mode for obtaining daily rate information by summation of data from multiple short-term incubations, (b) a rapid profiling mode for measurement of microbial rate processes at several depths during a single deployment, and (c) an unattended time series mode for obtaining representative short-term activity measurements at several day intervals. The described instrument is a prototype for a long-term (months) time series version deployable in the open ocean or in remote locations.
Unification of Flavor

Abstract Embedding SU(5) grand unification in SU(N) is reconsidered. Imposing asymptotic freedom, solution of a diophantine equation leads to a simple SU(9) theory which supports strongly the idea that only six flavors of light quark exist. Results of other approaches are briefly reviewed.
Complex time dependent wave packet technique for thermal equilibrium systems: Electronic spectra

A time dependent wave packet method is presented for the rapid calculation of the properties of systems in thermal equilibrium and is applied, as an illustration, to electronic spectra. The thawed Gaussian approximation to quantum wave packet dynamics combined with evaluation of the density matrix operator by imaginary time propagation is shown to give exact electronic spectra for harmonic potentials and excellent results for both a Morse potential and for the band contours of the three transitions of the visible electronic absorption spectrum of the iodine molecule. The method, in principle, can be extended to many atoms (e.g., condensed phases) and to other properties (e.g., infrared and Raman spectra and thermodynamic variables).
Metastases from malignant melanoma to the axial skeleton: a CT study of frequency and appearance.

Radiologic detection of bone lesions from malignant melanoma is reported to be uncommon or infrequent. To ascertain the characteristics and frequency of detection of melanoma metastases to the axial skeleton by CT, we retrospectively reviewed 464 body CT studies of 125 consecutive melanoma patients for presence, appearance, and site of skeletal metastases. Results were correlated with patient's age, sex, clinical course, and both the Clark and Breslow classifications of the primary lesion. Of 98 patients with metastatic disease evident on their CT studies, 17 (17%) had bony metastases; two (12%) of these 17 patients had skeletal lesions as the only CT evidence of metastatic disease. Metastatic bony lesions were predominantly osteolytic, slightly expansile, and commonly located in the spine. Associated soft-tissue masses were frequent, but periosteal reaction and identifiable tumor matrix were not seen. Skeletal metastases were found only in those patients with thick or intermediate primary melanoma (Bresl...
When further alg administration becomes futile

Revue de 71 cas de transplantation de rein de cadavre comportant 81 episodes de rejet resistant au traitement par steroides et traites par globuline anti-lymphocytaire. Si le traitement par GAL n'a pas donne de resultats au bout de 8 jours, il a peu de chances d'etre efficace plus tard (2 cas seulement sur le total). Il est conseille de remplacer la GAL par un autre traitement du rejet au bout de 8 jours
Electrospray ionization and tandem ion trap mass spectrometry for the confirmation of seven β-lactam antibiotics in bovine milk

The feasibility of a technique to confirm the presence of residues from seven beta-lactam antibiotics in bovine milk has been demonstrated. The technique makes use of electrospray ionization and tandem ion trap mass spectrometry. Residues are first extracted from milk by reversed-phase solid phase extraction. Target analytes are separated by on-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography and ionized in the electrospray interface. The product ion mass spectra are acquired following collision-induced dissociation of protonated molecules. Confirmation is based on comparison of full scan spectra between unknowns and bona fide standards. The feasibility of this technique has been demonstrated for the six beta-lactams currently approved for use in lactating dairy cattle (penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin, cephapirin and ceftiofur) and a drug not approved for animal use, cefazolin. The technique has been applied to control milk fortified at 5 ng/mL of penicillin G and 10 ng/mL of the other six drugs.
mGluR5 receptors in the basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens regulate cue-induced reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior.

Abstract Pharmacological blockade of the type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior, yet the brain regions involved in these effects are not yet known. The purpose of the present study was to determine if local blockade of mGluR5 receptors in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and/or the nucleus accumbens (NAc), two brain regions known to be involved in stimulus-reward associations, attenuate the reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior induced by ethanol-paired cues. As a control for possible non-specific effects, the effects of mGluR5 blockade in these regions on cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose-seeking were also assessed. Male Wistar rats were implanted with bilateral microinjection cannulae aimed at the BLA or NAc. Following recovery, animals were trained to self-administer ethanol (10% w/v) or 45 mg sucrose pellets on an FR1 schedule of reinforcement in 30 min daily sessions using a sucrose fading procedure. Following stabilization of responding, animals underwent extinction training. Next, animals received infusions of vehicle or the selective mGluR5 antagonist MTEP (3 μg/μl) into the BLA or NAc prior to cue-induced reinstatement testing sessions. mGluR5 blockade eliminated cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol — but not sucrose-seeking behavior. Results from this study indicate that mGluR5 receptors in the BLA and NAc mediate cue-induced reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior, and provide two potential neuroanatomical sites of action where systemically administered mGluR5 antagonists attenuate cue-induced reinstatement. These data are consistent with previous findings that cue-induced reinstatement of ethanol-seeking increases neuronal activity and glutamatergic transmission in these two regions.
Coordination and how to distinguish categories

In this paper we have presented a detailed treatment of key problems in the syntax of coordination in English which goes well beyond previous treatments in the breadth of its coverage. The separation of immediate dominance rules from linear precedence rules had played an essential role in our analysis. It is this aspect of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar that allows the full range of conjunctions in English to be treated in a unified manner using a small set of constructs. This same factoring of dominance and ordering information is what allows us to account for such problems as the peculiar properties of the coordination of embedded clauses and NPs, as we have shown. In addition, it is the interplay of various independently motivated principles in GPSG, such as the Head Feature Convention and the Foot Feature Principle, that enable one to derive, rather than stipulate, a solution to such long-standing problems as the facts commonly discussed in terms of the Coordinate Structure Constraint and the Across-the-Board Convention. Over twenty years ago, the syntax of coordination was a key topic in the discussions that led to the widespread acceptance of transformational grammar. It is curious, then, that even today no version of transformational grammar has succeeded in explaining, and often not even in describing, well-known and very basic facts about coordination (e.g., the fact that arbitrary tensed VPs can coordinate with each other). Moreover, the various instances of coordination of unlike categories, which we have provided an account of without appeal to any ancillary devices or ad hoc principles, have received no serious analysis within the transformational tradition. Of course, much remains to be done on the grammar of coordinate constructions. Among the problems we have addressed insufficiently or not at all are the precise formulation of the syntax and semantics of non-constituent ellipsis, the treatment of ‘right node raising’ constructions, and the semantic peculiarities of N1-coordination discussed by Bergmann (1982). Nevertheless, the present paper improves on earlier generative treatments of coordination by broadening the coverage while at the same time stipulating less.
Backscattered 39Ar loss in fine-grained minerals: Implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of clay

Abstract The interpretation of 39Ar recoil loss from clay minerals during application of the 40Ar/39Ar analytical technique is controversial. To further explore the mechanism for 39Ar recoil loss, we quantified the effects of backscattering where the recoiled 39Ar atom fails to reenter the coherent clay particle upon crossing an incoherent boundary. A numerical simulation with the computer program, SRIM, was conducted. The results indicate that the recoil range distribution is significantly influenced by the incident angle between the attacking direction and c-axis (perpendicular to the plane of clay surface). 39Ar concentration profiles were generated for two spatial analogues to natural illite/smectite (1) a one-component system composed of the K-rich particles with thicknesses ranging from 5 to 100 nm, and (2) a two-component system composed of alternation of the K-rich and K-poor particles having thicknesses ranging from 5 to 100 nm. The models yield 14–15%, 9–10%, 2–3%, and 1–2% backscattered 39Ar for particle thicknesses of 5 nm, 10 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm, respectively. The initial 39Ar concentration exerts very little influence on the fraction of backscattered 39Ar. If the particles are separated by incoherent boundaries along which 39Ar atoms freely migrate, then the backscattered 39Ar must contribute to the 39Ar recoil loss. The estimates of 39Ar backscatter loss are generally consistent with published experimental data. Good agreement is obtained for samples having a particle thickness larger than 50 nm. The model underestimates the observed 39Ar recoil loss by a factor of two for samples with a particle thickness less than 50 nm. Our results indicate that 39Ar recoil loss in clays is largely controlled by backscattering at the incoherent boundary.
Climate-relevant properties of diesel particulate emissions: results from a piggyback study in Bangkok, Thailand.

A “piggyback” approach is used to characterize aerosol emissions to obtain input for large-scale models of atmospheric transport. Particulate and gaseous emissions from diesel trucks, light-duty vehicles, and buses were measured by the Bangkok Pollution Control Department as part of the Developing Integrated Emissions Strategies for Existing Land Transport (DIESEL) project. We added filter-based measurements of carbonaceous composition, particulate light absorption, and water uptake. For 88 “normal” diesel vehicles (PM emission rate <4.7 g/kg), our best estimate of the average PM2.5 emission rate is 2.2 ± 0.5 g/kg, whereas for 15 high emitters, it is 8.4 ± 1.9 g/kg. The effect of Euro standards on PM emission rates was apparent for heavy-duty vehicles, but not for light-duty vehicles. Carbonaceous composition appears relatively consistent, with particulate (artifact-corrected) OC at 17 ± 1% and EC at 40 ± 8% of PM for 103 pickups, vans, heavy-duty trucks and buses. The median absorption cross-section for ...
Tritiated‐histidine incorporation into Drosophila salivary chromosomes

An autoradiographic study of H3-histidine incorporation into nonhistone protein of explanted larval salivary gland chromosomes of D. virilis showed patterns of incorporation that were dependent upon the stage of larval development. The sequence of changes in the development of several puffs in a specific chromosomal region was followed using the appearance of pigment in the anterior spiracles as a means of larval staging. H3-histidine incorporation into these puffs in prepupae occurred as the puffs were regressing in size and protein staining. Acid extraction of histone and nucleic acid failed to alter the character of the autographs; presumably a non-histone protein is involved in the H3-histidine incorporation. Other puff sites in the same prepupal chromosomes showed various patterns of isotopic amino acid incorporation indicating that the pattern reported for a specific region may not be true for all puff sites.
Molecular Association of Barbital and Caffeine in 2:1 Crystalline Complex

The crystal structure of the 2:1 complex of barbital with caffeine has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods.The crystals are triclinic, space group P1, with a= 14.627, b= 14.160, c= 6.902 A, α = 95°15′, β = 92°48′, and γ = 100°45′, and with four barbital and two caffeine molecules in the cell.The block-diagonal least-squares refinement of 496 atomic positional and thermal parameters, based on 4665 X-ray intensity data, gave a final Rfactor of 0.05.The structure consists of ribbons of barbital molecules linked by NH...O=C hydrogen bonds.Caffeine molecules are bound to the ribbon by an NH...N(9) hydrogen bond and by an unusual interaction involving C(8)H with two barbital oxygen atoms.Weak interactions of nonhydrogen-bonded caffeine carbonyl groups with barbital carbonyl groups may also be important in this crystal.There is minimal overlap of the flat ring systems of the component molecules.
Journalistic Networks and the Diffusion of Local News: The Brief, Happy News Life of the “Francisville Four”

Through a combination of network ethnography and more traditional, qualitative newsroom analysis, this article undertakes a step-by-step analysis of the circulation of a particular set of news facts—those relating to the eviction and arrest of a group of homeowners in Philadelphia during a single week in June 2008, a time period in which the story of the arrests emerged, exploded, and then quickly faded away. The article discusses some of the larger explanatory factors that might have contributed to the particular pattern of news diffusion described here, as well as the degree to which the factors observed might be generalizable across other cases. The article adds local nuance to Benkler's (2006) description of information circulation in the networked public sphere, pointing to a pattern of iterative pyramiding in which key Web sites positioned within highly particular communities of interest act as bridges to larger, more diffused digital communities. The article also argues that news movement in the pa...
Sensing targets behind the opaque structures based on the combined method of ray tracing and diffraction

The modeling of through-wall sensing using ultra-wideband (UWB) signals is considered. The combined method of ray tracing and diffraction (CMRTD) is employed to analyze the interaction between the UWB signal and the target. The result is obtained in frequency domain, and then transformed into time domain by use of inverse Fourier transform (IFT). Scattering from a two-dimensional (2D) perfectly conducting circular cylinder is calculated and the result is shown in agreement with that obtained from the eigenfunction expansion method. Furthermore, the attenuating effects of walls are considered based on the geometrical optics. Numerical results of scattering from a 2D perfectly conducting circular cylinder behind a homogeneous, single-layered wall are given in both graphical and tabular formats.
Interdisciplinary integration in health sciences curricula.

Increasing emphasis is being placed upon the role of the M.D. as the leader of a team of health professionals to whom he delegates many hitherto jealously guarded responsibilities. But most M.D.s are ill-prepared for their new role. One effective way of training for this “new look” in M.D.s is through an integrated Health Sciences approach with student doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists involved in closely integrated training programs. One ongoing program is discussed.
Elder Mistreatment among Chinese and Korean Immigrants: The Roles of Sociocultural Contexts on Perceptions and Help-Seeking Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to identify dimensions of elder mistreatment in Chinese and Korean immigrant communities and to increase sociocultural understanding of such mistreatment by elucidating the complexities of abuse embedded in unique social and cultural contexts. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 local professionals working primarily in Asian elderly advocacy, and six focus group discussions were conducted involving 60 community members in the San Francisco Bay area. Five dimensions of elder mistreatment were identified: psychological abuse, neglect by a trusted person, financial exploitation, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. In general, fewer Korean community member participants reported having observed physical or financial abuse than Chinese groups, but they reported greater knowledge of situations involving psychological abuse, neglect by a trusted person, and sexual abuse. The contexts of cultural influences and immigration and acculturation were salient themes that shaped participants' subjective perceptions and beliefs about elder abuse and hence help-seeking behaviors.
Lipoprotein composition in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with chronic renal failure: effect of kidney and pancreas transplantation.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) in nondiabetics is associated with a number of lipoprotein abnormalities that place these patients at high risk for atherosclerosis. This study compared the lipoprotein composition of nondiabetic controls (n = 68) with that of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ([IDDM] n = 13) and of patients with IDDM and CRF ([IDDM + CRF] n = 74). Six lipoprotein subfractions (very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL], intermediate-density lipoprotein [IDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-density lipoprotein-light [HDL-L], HDL-medium [HDL-M], and HDL-dense [HDL-D]) were isolated by rapid gradient ultracentrifugation using a fixed-angle rotor. The apolipoprotein (by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]) and lipid (by enzymatic assays) composition of each subfraction was determined. The only abnormalities found in IDDM patients were increases in IDL and HDL-L triglyceride (TG) levels and an increase in the HDL-L free cholesterol (FC) level. The IDDM + CRF group had multiple abnormalities including (1) elevated TG, apolipoprotein (apo) C-II, and apo C-III levels in all lipid subfractions; (2) elevated VLDL and IDL apo B, TG, FC, cholesterol ester (CE), and phospholipid (PL) levels (with an increased CE/TG ratio in VLDL only); (3) decreased HDL-M apo A-I, apo A-II, CE, and PL levels, but an increased HDL-D apo A-I level; and (4) decreased lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. Twenty-five of the IDDM + CRF patients underwent combined pancreas and kidney (P + K) transplantation, and 12 patients received only a kidney transplant. Lipoprotein composition was determined at 3, 6, and 12 months posttransplant. Both types of transplantation resulted in similar alterations in lipoprotein composition, even though there was essential normalization of blood glucose levels in most of the patients who received a pancreas transplant (hemoglobin A1C [HbA1C], 9.1% +/- 1.1% v 5.7% +/- 0.3% at 12 months, P < .01). These posttransplant changes included (1) no improvement in the elevated TG level in any lipid subfraction even though there was some reduction in apo C-III levels in VLDL; (2) reductions in levels of VLDL and IDL apo B but increases in LDL apo B; (3) increases in HDL apo C-III and FC concentrations despite an increase in LCAT activity; and (4) increases in apo A-I levels in HDL-L and HDL-M. The addition of a pancreas to a kidney transplant had no obvious impact on the lipoproteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
OXYGEN SATURATION (SaO2) IN ILL NEONATES IS IMPROVED BY MOTHER'S VOICE AND OTHER SOUNDS. † 1246

Term infants respond to mother's voice, and muffling of noise has been shown to calm ill neonates and improve SaO2. To see how various sounds affect the SaO2 of ill neonates, we played five tapes for 10 minutes each, in random order, to 10 neonates, 30 to 32 weeks post-conceptional, with apnea and supplemental oxygen dependence. Tapes were: the mother rading a standard poetry text (“mom”), lullabies sung by a female vocalist(“song”), white noise (“noise”), sounds made to simulate the intrauterine environment (“uterus”), and a blank(“silent”). Each non-silent tape was adjusted to 75 dB. Tapes were played via headphones, with the clinical observers blinded as to tape content and order. We followed pulse-ox SaO2, heart rate, respirations, apnea >20 secs, and episodes of SaO2 <88% (desats). There were no differences among tapes except that mean SaO2 was significantly higher for the four non-silent tapes compared to silence, which was no different from baseline (repeated measures ANOVA p=.01, Newman-Keuls p=.05*). We conclude that ill prematures at 30 - 32 weeks respond differently to certain sounds than to silence, by increasing SaO2. We speculate that immaturity accounts for the lack of differences among the various tested sounds. Table
The significance of death for the living

Heidegger's conception of death as an attitude toward life, overlooked in current literature on death and dying, offers potential for deepening our understanding of the care of non-critically ill patients. By breaking away from the notion of death as an event distinct from life and viewing it as an anticipated possibility at every moment of life, Heidegger provides insight into our attempts to evade death through our fundamental attitudes and value commitments, which in turn determine our behavior and actions. When combined with a method of application — the Nietzschean principle of reversal — these insights permit the understanding of diverse types of human mentality confronted with significant situations. Among the most important applications of these conceptions is to persons in need of medical care, and the resultant types, which are sampled as hypothetical cases, carry important implications for the sensitive care and psychosocial management of non-terminally ill patients.