cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 228: Transcriptional Networks Involved in Differentiation of Renal Progenitor Cells to the Juxtaglomerular Cell Fate

Background: The molecular processes regulating the development of renin producing juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are not fully understood. We have previously shown that LXRα and cAMP treatment can induce mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different sources to differentiate into renin expressing JG-like cells. Here, we investigated the LXRα/cAMP induced transcriptional networks involved in the commitment of progenitor cells to the JG lineage. METHODS: Adult renal CD44+ MSCs were isolated from C57BL/6 Ren1c YFP mice. MSCs were differentiated into YFP+ renin expressing cells by treatment with LXRα ligand (T0901317) or cAMP. The Affymetrix Mouse 430 2.0 array was used for profiling. Data analysis was focused on transcriptional and epigenetic regulators and performed by using Dchip, David or Toppgene. Results: Differentiated YFP+ cells from either cAMP or LXRα treatment expressed high levels of renin and renin regulators such as Hoxd8 and Cebp. Untreated MSCs showed expression of metanephric markers such as Foxd1, Sox11 and Eya. Treatment with cAMP resulted in differential expression of 108 transcripts in YFP+ cells as compared to control MSC. The majority of these genes (82) were down-regulated and involved in chromatin acetylation (23 out of 82, P Conclusion: Our data indicate that cAMP and LXRα, rather than directly define JG cell fate, modulate the epigenetic status of MSCs and prevent differentiation to other lineages. Systems biology approaches are under way to evaluate the importance of the transcriptional networks identified. We anticipate that these results will provide novel insights into the mechanisms regulating JG cell fate.
Individual, Interpersonal, and Sociostructural Factors Influencing Partner Nonmonogamy Acceptance among Young African American Women

In 2015 in the United States, the HIV diagnosis rate among African American women was 16 times that of White women, and HIV especially affected young African American women. African American women’s partnerships with nonmonogamous men may be one factor contributing to this disparity. Previous research has not adequately described factors influencing acceptance of partner nonmonogamy among African American women. To better understand this phenomenon, we interviewed 11 African American women aged 18–24 years-old who reported having sex in the past 3 months and reported knowing or suspecting a partner to have another female partner in the past 12 months. We employed a semi-structured interview guide designed to elicit in-depth, narrative responses from women about their partnerships. We used narrative analysis to interpret findings. Participants described factors that encouraged acceptance of partner nonmonogamy. These factors were social (i.e., limited partner availability, gender norms, and cultural norms), interpersonal (i.e., partner-specific comfort, sexual connection and emotional attachment, and casual partnership type), and intrapersonal (i.e., low self-esteem, loneliness, and fatalistic attitudes about nonmonogamy) in nature. The sociocultural context in which young African American women develop sexual partnerships may influence their attitudes, expectations, and behaviors within these partnerships and place them at increased risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
Comparison of jets from Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids induced by blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer (BA-LIFT)

Blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer (BA-LIFT) is a high-resolution printing technique, where small droplets are ejected from a thin liquid layer onto a receiver substrate. Experiments with a high-speed camera imaging setup demonstrate novel regimes during the jet formation for the transfer of viscoelastic shear-thinning polymer solutions compared to Newtonian fluids. The ratio of the ink film thickness $$H_{\text {f}}$$ to the blister height $$H_{\text {b}}$$ is used as a dimensionless number $$H_{\text {f}}/H_{\text {b}}$$ to classify different jet behaviors. We show that different $$H_{\text {f}}/H_{\text {b}}$$ thresholds can be defined depending on the elasticity of the ink layer for the induced jets to result in breakup.
Abstract 14347: An Externally Validated Community-Based Risk Prediction Score for Sudden Cardiac Death

Introduction: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death in the United States, and many victims are not identified as at-risk for SCD with existing screening tools. The objective of this study was to derive and validate a population-based risk assessment score for prediction of SCD. Methods: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort is comprised of men and women from four US communities, aged 45-64 at baseline; 11,335 white participants (mean age 54.4 years, 52.4% women) were included in the analysis. SCD was physician-adjudicated and defined as death due to coronary heart disease within one hour of symptom onset. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive an equation to estimate SCD risk within 10 years. Covariates were selected from among commonly available demographic and clinical variables using Akaike’s Information Criteria. The utility of the final risk score was assessed by calculating discrimination (Harrell’s c-index) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square test). The risk score was validated among 5,626 Framingham Heart Study and Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 48.2 years, 52.8% women), aged 30 to 70 years. Results: During 10 years’ follow up among ARIC participants, 95 participants experienced SCD; the majority (65%) occurred in the highest quintile of predicted risk. Selected covariates for the model included age, sex, total cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication use, hypertension medication use, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking status, diabetes, and body mass index. The risk score yielded very good discrimination in ARIC (c-index: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.78-0.85) and Framingham (c-index: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.79-0.86). Calibration plots indicated excellent calibration in ARIC ( χ 2 : 5.3, p= 0.82) but poorer in Framingham ( χ 2 : 29.7, p χ 2 : 2.1, p= 0.99) within Framingham. Conclusions: We derived and externally validated a sex-adjusted risk prediction score for SCD. The proposed risk score has strong discrimination and calibration in the derived population, and may be used to identify those at risk for SCD within 10 years, and particularly screen for those at highest risk.
A history of international K-12 online and blended instruction

Many involved with the practice or study of K-12 online and blended learning are familiar with the American context. It surrounds us in the media and published research. However, online and blended learning is occurring in meaningful ways to address specific K-12 student needs all around the globe. There are several areas where the international practice is consistent with what we know about the United States (e.g., similar evolutions, early initiatives were government-funded, many of the labels are similar). At the same time, there are some key differences internationally (e.g., the prevalence of legacy forms of distance education, a lack of online learning below the secondary level, and blended learning being seen as a form of technology integration). While far less is known about K-12 online and blended learning in international contexts, programs in these jurisdictions are just as keen to tell their own success stories and undertake cyclic research to improve the design, delivery and facilitation of their programs.
On a new class of sufficient dimension reduction estimators

Abstract OLS and SIR are two popular sufficient dimension reduction estimators. OLS can recover at most one direction, and SIR shares this limitation when the response is binary. To address such limitation, we propose slicing-assisted OLS and slicing-assisted SIR.
Enacting Self and Scientific Personas: Models for Women Health Professionals in Dr. S. Josephine Baker’s Fighting for Life

In this essay, I call on scientific persona and autobiographical discourse theory to examine Dr. Sara Josephine Baker’s 1939 autobiography Fighting for Life . Through this framework, I consider how Baker and other U.S. women health professionals conceived of individual identity and collective persona during the early twentieth century. Baker helped to revolutionise well-baby and well-child care in the U.S., and in Fighting for Life , she relates the genesis and evolution of her ground-breaking work. Like her contemporaries, Baker was engaged in the research, practice, teaching, and administration of medicine and public health. Presently, scientific persona has been theorized as a conglomerate of dispositions, practices, and characteristics that are associated with scholar-practitioners of the human and natural sciences; it therefore offers a novel lens for the individual and collective fashioning of women health professionals like Baker whose work traversed disciplines and institutions. By considering how Fighting for Life , as autobiography, facilitates Baker’s conception of self and persona, I show that Baker adopts prevailing personas for women health professionals as well as women working in other fields. At the same time, Baker in her autobiography also emphasizes why and how these models transform in actual practice. Thus, scientific personas tend to emerge as subtle variations of previous forms, while Baker’s autobiography also bears witness to the rise of new personas for women health professionals, as demonstrated by her radical reconfiguration of expert knowledge and scientific motherhood.
Concrete measures: the rise of public housing and changes in young single motherhood in the U.S.

Between 1950 and 1970, the number of public housing units in the United States grew nearly sixfold, and the percentage of births to unmarried women almost tripled. We provide the first estimates of the effect of public housing on single motherhood, using individual-level data to assess whether young women living near higher concentrations of public housing were more likely to have children out of wedlock. We find a strong and positive relationship between public housing and single motherhood for black high school dropouts. This link is larger when we use lagged measures of public housing, which suggests that exposure during childhood may be driving the result.
Optimization and Inequalities

This chapter explains how inequalities play an important role in statistics. Many results, such as the Cramer–Rao inequality, which provides the lower bound of the variance of any estimate of a parameter, are extremely important in theoretical statistics. Some of these inequalities are derived from classical inequalities in mathematics. Inequalities can often be derived from the application of optimization methods. The most universal weapon for the discovery and proof of inequalities is the general theory of maxima and minima of functions of any number of variables. In multivariate statistical problems and many other similar situations, matrices are involved, for example, in quadratic forms. Some multivariate statistical analysis involves matrices also.
Bonding Plastic to Metal for High Strength at Low Temperatures

In using the technique of overlaying a metal componen with some other material in order to capitalize on certain surface properties (e.g., low frictional coefficient) possessed by the material, but lacking in the metal, one of the major problems to be encountered is that of satisfactory attachment. Research in the field of adhesive bonding has provided considerable knowledge and many products which are usable at elevated temperatures, but very little data exist concerning bonds operating at temperatures much below -65° F. In particular, the satisfactory attachment of a Teflon facing to a metal part for cryogenic application introduces several unique problems, arising primarily from the extraordinary properties possessed by Teflon. These include a thermo-expansivity 10 to 15 times that of most metals, complete chemical inertness to all but a few substances, and the ability of the surface to resist sticking to nearly all normally adhesive materials.
Automatic formant extraction for sociolinguistic analysis of large corpora.

In this paper, we propose a method of formant prediction from pole and bandwidth data, and apply this method to automatically extract F1 and F2 values from a corpus of regional dialect variation in North America that contains 134,000 manual formant measurements. These predicted formants are shown to increase performance over the default formant values from a popular speech analysis package. Finally, we demonstrate that sociolinguistic analysis based on vowel formant data can be conducted reliably using the automatically predicted values, and we argue that sociolinguists should begin to use this methodology in order to be able to analyze larger amounts of data efficiently.
Counseling patients on reproductive aging and elective fertility preservation-a survey of obstetricians and gynecologists' experience, approach, and knowledge.

What are the experience, approach, and knowledge of US Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ (ob-gyn) towards counseling patients on reproductive aging (RA) and elective fertility preservation (EFP). A cross-sectional survey emailed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) to 5000 ACOG fellows consisting of 9 demographic and 28 questions relating to counseling patients on RA and EFP. Seven hundred and eighty-four responders completed the survey. Although 82.8% agreed that conversations relating to RA should take place with patients desiring future childbearing and delaying due to social reasons, only 27.6% stated that they frequently counsel these women aged 18–34 years old, compared to 75.8% aged 35–44 years old (P < 0.01). Limited time (75.8%) and limited knowledge (41.4%) were amongst the most frequent reported barriers towards counseling patients on RA. Fifty-eight percent stated that they have been asked about EFP by patients. Although 74.8% agreed that conversations should take place related to EFP in women desiring future childbearing and delaying due to social reasons, only 27.6% stated that they frequently counsel these patients on EFP (P < 0.01). Limited time (75%) and limited knowledge (59.9%) were amongst the most frequent barriers towards counseling on EFP. In the USA, methods to improve patient counseling and provider knowledge on RA and EFP are warranted and further studies are needed to address optimal methods to improve counseling and knowledge related to these topics.
Correction to: Migrant farmworker injury: temporality, statistical representation, eventfulness

The original version of this article was revised due to missing institute information in the “Context: methods and positionality” section. Where it says “there is IRB approval from X University”, it should specify “there is IRB approval from the University of California Berkeley”.
Cheating, Pluralistic Ignorance, and the Theory of Normative Social Behavior

Cheating is a common, serious problem in colleges and universities. Prior research seems to suggest that the normative nature of cheating is a key predictor of academic misconduct. The goal of this...
Who's bothered by an unfair world? The emotional response to unfairness scale

Abstract Although people experience negative affect when witnessing or experiencing unfair events, the degree of such affect can vary widely. The current research tests a six-item inventory designed to assess such emotional responses: The Emotional Response to Unfairness (ERU) Scale. Five pilot studies and five primary studies utilized 955 participants recruited from a college campus, from Amazon's Mechanical Turk, and from the sidewalk of an urban street. The ERU scale manifested satisfactory inter-item reliability, manifested a single-factor structure, manifested acceptable test-retest reliability, and correlated with conceptually similar scales. Consistent with hypotheses, people high in ERU reported more negative affect after reading about an unfair event, were lower in Belief in a Just World, were higher in political liberalism, and were more likely to have voted for Hillary Clinton than Donald Trump in the 2016 US presidential election. These findings indicate that the ERU scale is a valid tool for understanding the extent to which people experience negative affect when experiencing or witnessing unfair events.
Vital Signs: Colorectal Cancer Screening Test Use — United States, 2018

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States of cancers that affect both men and women. Despite strong evidence that screening for CRC reduces incidence and mortality, CRC screening prevalence is below the national target. This report describes current CRC screening prevalence by age, various demographic factors, and state. METHODS Data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were analyzed to estimate the percentages of adults aged 50-75 years who reported CRC screening consistent with the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. RESULTS In 2018, 68.8% of adults were up to date with CRC screening. The percentage up to date was 79.2% among respondents aged 65-75 years and 63.3% among those aged 50-64 years. CRC screening prevalence was lowest among persons aged 50-54 years (50.0%) and increased with age. Among respondents aged 50-64 years, CRC screening prevalence was lowest among persons without health insurance (32.6%) and highest among those with reported annual household income of ≥$75,000 (70.8%). Among respondents aged 65-75 years, CRC screening prevalence was lowest among those without a regular health care provider (45.6%), and highest among those with reported annual household income ≥$75,000 (87.1%). Among states, CRC screening prevalence was highest in Massachusetts (76.5%) and lowest in Wyoming (57.8%). DISCUSSION CRC screening prevalence is lower among adults aged 50-64 years, although most reported having a health care provider and health insurance. Concerted efforts are needed to inform persons aged <50 years about the benefit of screening so that screening can start at age 50 years.
To Disclose or Not? Understanding Employees’ Uncertainty and Behavior Regarding Health Disclosure in the Workplace: A Modified Socioecological Approach:

The health disclosure of employees may facilitate effective workplace health programs and policy design and implementation of an organization. Given the complexity of the decision-making process of...
Reanalysis of Voyager Ultraviolet Spectrometer Limits to the Extreme-Ultraviolet and Far-Ultraviolet Diffuse Astronomical Flux

We reexamine Voyager Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) data used to establish upper limits to the 500-900 A and 900-1100 A cosmic diffuse background. The measurement of diffuse flux with the Voyager UVS data requires complex corrections for noise sources which are far larger than the astronomical signal. In the analyses carried out to date, the upper limits obtained on the diffuse background show statistical anomalies which indicate that substantial systematic errors are present. We detail these anomalies and identify specific problems with the analyses. We derive statistically robust 2 σ upper limits for continuum flux of 570 photons s-1 cm-2 sr-1 A-1 and for the 1000 A diffuse line flux of 11,790 photons s-1 cm-2 sr-1. The true limits may be substantially higher because of unknown systematic uncertainties. The new statistical limits alone are insufficient to support previous conclusions based on the Voyager data, including work on the character of interstellar dust and estimates of the diffuse extragalactic far-UV background as absorbed by intergalactic dust.
A High PSRR, Low Ripple, Temperature-Compensated, 10- μ A-Class Digital LDO Based on Current-Source Power-FETs for a Sub-mW SoC

State-of-the-art digital low-dropout regulators (LDOs) have shown competitive dynamic load regulation at a scaled output capacitor size. However, achieving high power-supply-rejection-ratio (PSRR) and small output ripple in a digital LDO remains a challenge. We present a digital LDO targeted for a sub-mW system-on-a-chip, featuring current-source-based power-FETs and hybrid event-/time-driven digital control. The prototype in 65-nm achieves −32-dB PSRR with 126-nA quiescent current, 10.9-mV worst-case output ripple, 58.1 ppm/°C temperature stability, and 0.15-pF dynamic load regulation figure-of-merit (pF-FoM).
Abstract 851: Associations of dietary calcium and magnesium intakes with lung cancer risk among low-income Americans: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study

Background: Previous studies have suggested the potential roles of dietary intakes of calcium and magnesium in human cancer development, but little is known about their associations with lung cancer risk, especially among African Americans (AAs) and low-income populations. Objectives: We conducted a nested case-control study to investigate the associations of dietary calcium and magnesium intakes with lung cancer risk among a low-income population of AAs and European Americans (EAs) in the Southeastern United States. Methods: A total of 1,560 incident lung cancer cases who were diagnosed at least two years after enrollment and 5,926 matched controls from the Southern Community Cohort Study were included. Dietary calcium and magnesium intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire at study enrollment. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding confidence intervals (95% CIs) for lung cancer risk associated with intakes of calcium and magnesium, and calcium/magnesium ratios after adjusting for enrollment age, education, smoking status, and pack-years, physical activity, alcohol drinking, household income, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, body mass index, energy intake, and calcium or magnesium intake. Results: Calcium intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer among AAs but not among EAs; ORs (95% CI) for the highest compared with lowest quartiles were 1.56 (1.03-2.36) and 1.14 (0.68-1.92) for AAs and EAs, respectively (p for interaction: 0.03). Meanwhile, magnesium intake was significantly associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer risk among AAs but not among EAs; ORs (95% CI) for the highest compared with lowest quartiles were 0.55 (0.35-0.89) and 0.68 (0.39-1.18), respectively (p for interaction: 0.68). ORs (95% CI) for the highest compared with the lowest quartiles for calcium/magnesium ratios were 1.21 (0.96-1.53) for AAs and 1.17 (0.85-1.61) for EAs. These associations were more evident among men and never-smokers. Conclusion: Our results suggest that higher dietary calcium and lower dietary magnesium intakes are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, especially among AAs, raising the possibility that dietary factors may contribute to a higher risk of lung cancer among AA than EA men. Citation Format: Hyung-Suk Yoon, Xiao Ou Shu, Hui Cai, Wei Zheng, William J. Blot, Qiuyin Cai. Associations of dietary calcium and magnesium intakes with lung cancer risk among low-income Americans: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 851.
Barriers and facilitators to achieving food security during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably increased food insecurity. To identify where intervention and policy solutions are most needed, we explored barriers to obtaining food and predictors of experiencing food insecurity due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Between May and July 2020, we conducted cross-sectional online surveys with two convenience samples of U.S. adults (Study 1: n = 2,219, Study 2: n = 810). Roughly one-third of participants reported experiencing food insecurity due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Study 1: 32%, Study 2: 35%). Between one-third and half reported using the charitable food system (Study 1: 36%, Study 2: 46%). The majority of participants experienced barriers to getting food (Study 1: 84%, Study 2: 88%), of which the most commonly reported were not having enough money to buy food (Study 1: 48%; Study 2: 53%) and worrying about getting COVID-19 at the store (Study 1: 50%; Study 2: 43%). Higher education was associated with greater risk of food insecurity in both studies (all p < 0.05). Receipt of aid from SNAP buffered against the association between financial struggles and food insecurity in Study 1 (p = 0.03); there was also some evidence of this effect in Study 2 (p = 0.05). Our findings suggest that food insecurity might be reduced by mitigating financial struggles (e.g., by increasing access to SNAP) and by addressing barriers to obtaining food (e.g., by expanding accessibility of food delivery programs).
Troubleshooting Cochlear Implant Processors via Tele-Audiology

This case study examines the methods used to troubleshoot a cochlear implant processor via video visit with a nonagenarian (90+ years old) with a bimodal cochlear implant system. This article will discuss the evaluation and management as well as which specific issues could be addressed virtually and how they were resolved. Examples will be provided about how to virtually connect with the patient and how to best facilitate communication during a video visit. Additionally, this article will examine the captioning apps and other hearing assistive technology available for smartphones that can provide further assistance during a cell phone call along with their benefits and limitations.
Purging Data from Backups by Encryption

Data retention laws establish rules intended to protect privacy. These define both retention durations (how long data must be kept) and purging deadlines (when the data must be destroyed in storage). To comply with the laws and to minimize liability, companies should destroy data that must be purged or is no longer needed. However, database backups generally cannot be edited to purge “expired” data and erasing the entire backup is impractical. To maintain compliance, data curators need a mechanism to support targeted destruction of data in backups.
GAS6/AXL inhibition enhances ovarian cancer sensitivity to chemotherapy and PARP inhibition through increased DNA damage and enhanced replication stress

Over 80% of women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer develop tumor resistance to chemotherapy and die of their disease. There are currently no FDA-approved agents to improve sensitivity to first-line platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy or to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that expression of growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6), the ligand of receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, is associated with chemotherapy response and that sequestration of GAS6 with AVB-S6-500 (AVB-500) could improve tumor response to chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors. We found that GAS6 levels in patient tumor and serum samples collected before chemotherapy correlated with ovarian cancer chemoresponse and patient survival. Compared to chemotherapy alone, AVB-500 plus carboplatin and/or paclitaxel led to decreased ovarian cancer cell survival in vitro and tumor burden in vivo. Cells treated with AVB-500 plus carboplatin had more DNA damage, slower DNA replication fork progression, and fewer RAD51 foci than cells treated with carboplatin alone, indicating AVB-500 impaired homologous recombination. Finally, treatment with the PARP inhibitor olaparib plus AVB-500 led to decreased ovarian cancer cell survival in vitro and less tumor burden in vivo. Importantly, this effect was seen in homologous recombination-proficient and homologous recombination-deficient ovarian cancer cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that GAS6 levels could be used to predict response to carboplatin and AVB-500 could be used to treat platinum-resistant, homologous recombination-proficient high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Implications: GAS6/AXL is a novel target to sensitize ovarian cancers to carboplatin and olaparib. Additionally, GAS6 levels can be associated with response to carboplatin treatment.
Benjamin Netanyahu as a mobilizing symbol in ethno-class divisions among Jewish Israelis, 2009–2021

The public discourse over Israel’s unprecedented political crisis in 2019–2021 (four general elections in only two years) has focused on the personality and actions of one person: Prime Minister Be...
How intonation and articulation cues impact gender perception for cisgender and transgender speakers

Gender identities beyond cisgender male and female are poorly represented in speaker gender perception research. Incorporating transgender speakers may reveal speech characteristics that extend beyond hetero-cis-normative standards and better reflect listeners' real-world experiences and cognitive representations of gender. This study compared how intonation and articulation impact listeners’ judgements of speaker gender identity and masculinity/femininity using cisgender male and female, transfeminine, and transmasculine speakers. Cisgender speakers' fundamental and formant frequencies were shifted to gender-ambiguous range and transfeminine and transmasculine speakers to prototypically cisgender female or male range, respectively. Listeners judged speaker gender in conditions that either removed fundamental frequency variation, frequencies above 500 Hz, or both cues. There were nonuniform effects of intonation and articulatory modifications on listener perceptions of gender across speaker groups. However, articulation influenced listener perception more than intonation. When listeners heard articulatory as compared to intonation cues, gender identification scores were generally higher for all speaker groups and masculinity/femininity scores more aligned with cisgender female and transfeminine speakers’ gender identities. Although most prior work with transgender speakers has focused on intonation, articulation can substantially impact gender perception and should be considered in gender affirming communication training.
Olefins from chlorocarbons: Reactions of 1,2-dichloroethane catalyzed by Pt-Cu

The effect of (Pt+Cu)/SiO2 catalyst composition on the activity and selectivity in the reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane dechlorination in a H2 containing atmosphere has been investigated. For monometallic Pt catalysts and those with Pt/Cu atomic ratio ≥1, the reaction products are primarily ethane and monochloroethane. However, decreasing the Pt/Cu ratio increases the selectivity towards ethylene. A selectivity toward ethylene of nearly 90% is obtained for catalysts with Pt/Cu ratio
Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled Nitric Oxide Treatment for Premature Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Follow-Up Evaluation at Early School-Age

Aims To assess long-term safety and compare neurodevelopmental outcomes in school age children born prematurely who received inhaled nitric oxide or placebo during the first week of life in a randomized, double blind study. Children treated with inhaled nitric oxide had previously been shown to have decreased intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia as newborns, and decreased cognitive impairment at 2 years1–2.
Parental immigrant status and adolescent mental health in the United States: do racial/ethnic differences exist?

Aims: To examine the relationship between mental health problems and parental immigrant status in a representative sample of US adolescents aged 12–17. Method: We analyzed the US 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) restricted to 32,849 adolescents aged 12–17. Parents or guardians in random-digit-dial sampled households were interviewed by telephone from April 2007 through July 2008 about one of their children, selected at random. Five mental health measures were used: prior medical diagnoses of (a) depression, (b) anxiety, and (c) behavioral problems; parental reports of the adolescent (d) feeling inferior/worthless, and (e) episodes of being withdrawal from others. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationship between mental health problems and parental immigrant status. Results: Overall, 19.4% of adolescents had at least one immigrant parent. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, all adolescents with immigrant parents have decreased odds of behavioral problems (OR 0.43, p < .000), but no significant differences in the odds of depression, anxiety, worthlessness, and withdrawal compared to adolescents with US-born parents. Similarly, White, Black, and Hispanic adolescents with immigrant parents had decreased odds of behavioral problems (OR 0.35, p < .000; OR 0.31, p < .01; and OR 0.24, p < .05, respectively) compared to their counterparts with US-born parents. Conclusion: Evaluation of psychological and mental health problems among adolescents in the United States should take parental immigrant status and other sociodemographic factors into account.
A Cluster Analysis of Static Strength Tests

Abstract Ages, heights, weights, and 24 static (cable tensiometer) strength test scores were obtained from 81 college men enrolled in service course classes at the University of Oregon during the 1963–64 academic year. Of the 276 intercorrelations between strength scores, 215 were significant (p > .01; r ≥ .285). In general, when age, height, and weight were held constant, the intercorrelations between the strength scores from the different segments of the body were not greatly changed from those of the zero-order correlations between the same strength scores. Five functional clusters or groupings of strength were isolated and identified by means of the application of cluster analysis to the intercorrelations between the strength tests and by an analysis of muscle actions involved in the performance of each of the strength tests. The findings in this study disclosed five clusters or groupings of strength which were specific to shoulder, trunk, neck, wrist, and hip joints. They could also be described as a...
A miniature four-arm antenna for tri-band GPS applications

This paper presents a novel miniature GPS antenna which is 3 times smaller than its reference. A particular feature of the antenna is the capability to cover all three GPS bands (L5, L2, L1) instead of the usual L2 and L1 bands.
Participation as a leader in immersion weight loss treatment may benefit, not harm, young adult staff members

Summary Despite the success of weight-management programmes, some researchers caution that participation in an aggressive approach to weight management could promote the development of eating pathology. The current study evaluated the risks and benefits for young adults of serving as staff members in an immersion treatment of adolescent obesity over the course of a summer. Participants included weight loss staff members (n = 108) along with a comparison group of young adults with similar demographic characteristics (n = 136). Participants completed assessments of eating disorder and obesity risk at three time points: the beginning of the summer, the end of the summer and a 6-week follow-up. Weight loss leadership participants who were initially overweight lost weight over the course of the summer, but those at healthy weights maintained their weight. Comparison participants also maintained their weight during the summer. Weight loss staff members also increased dietary restraint over the summer, and increases in dietary restraint appeared to facilitate appropriate weight reduction. Participation as a leader in an immersion weight loss programme seemed to benefit, not harm, young adults; this suggests potential advantages for using weight controlling interventions in a wide range of individuals, including as an obesity prevention strategy.
Deformation Structure in LiF Single Crystals

The growth of slip bands during deformation and the stress pattern in the deformed LiF single crystals are investigated with polarized light microscopy. A band-like structure consisting of overlapping loops, which might be called deformation bands, is observed in the slipplanes usually in a direction perpendicular to the slip direction. These bands are of constant width of approximately 20 μm. It is proposed that these bands are formed by interaction of dislocation loops, originated from randomly distributed sources. Die Entwicklung von Gleitbanden in deformierten LiF-Einkristallen und die damit verbundenen Spannungsmuster werden mit Polarisationslichtmikroskopie untersucht. Eine Struktur von sich uberlappenden Schleifen, die man als „Deformationsbander” bezeichnen kann, wird in den Gleitebenen beobachtet. Die Mehrzahl der Bander liegt senkrecht zur Gleitrichtung und ist ca. 20 μm breit. Es wird vermutet, das sich diese Bander durch Wechselwirkung zwischen den Versetzungsschleifen zufallig verteilter Quellen bilden.
Hemimegalencephaly: Clinical, EEG, neuroimaging, and IMP-SPECT correlation

Iofetamine-single photon emission computed tomography (IMP-SPECT) was performed on 2 girls (5 1/2 and 6 years of age) with histories of intractable seizures, developmental delay, and unilateral hemiparesis secondary to hemimegalencephaly. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed frequent focal discharges in 1 patient, while a nearly continuous burst suppression pattern over the malformed hemisphere was recorded in the other. IMP-SPECT demonstrated a good correlation with neuroimaging studies. In spite of the different EEG patterns, which had been proposed to predict contrasting clinical outcomes, both IMP-SPECT scans disclosed a similar decrease in tracer uptake in the malformed hemisphere. These results are consistent with the pattern of decreased tracer uptake found in other interictal studies of focal seizures without cerebral malformations. In view of recent recommendations for hemispherectomy in these patients, we suggest that the IMP-SPECT scan be used to compliment EEG as a method to define the extent of abnormality which may be more relevant to long-term prognosis than EEG alone.
SCIFER—Structure of the Cleft Ion Fountain at 1400 km altitude

The SCIFER sounding rocket intersected the cleft ion fountain (CIF) at an altitude of about 1400 km revealing the structure of upward flows and ion acceleration. This altitude range is intermediate, between lower altitude studies using DE-2 and HILAT data and higher altitude studies using DE-1 and EXOS-D data. Within the observed intense ion heating region the ions are consistent with satellite measurements of the cleft ion fountain of DE-1, or the “ion wall” of EXOS-D obtained at much higher altitudes. We conclude from the SCIFER data set that the accelerated ion flux levels at 1400 km altitude are similar to the TAI fluxes measured at higher altitudes. Furthermore the transversely accelerated ions are found within separate “events” of 30–40 km latitudinal width and have well-defined boundaries. The ion distribution function within an event indicates transverse-heating up to about 40 eV, occurring a few tens of km below the rocket. The SCIFER data set serves to demonstrate that the cleft ion fountain is composed of discrete structures originating poleward of the electron trapping boundary in regions of depleted ionospheric density.
1091 POSSIBLE EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS ON URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SG) AND OSMOLALITY (Osm) IN THE NEWBORN

Urine SG and Osm are tests commonly used in the evaluation of hydration in newborn infants. Pharmacologic studies in premature and term infants given routine IV doses of the penicillins show the following urine concentrations: Penicillin 25,000 units/kg/dose → 31-3000 μg/ml urine; Ampicillin 25-100 mg/kg/dose → 60-11,000 μg/ml; Methicillin 20 mg/kg/dose → 160-180 μg/ml; Carbenicillin 50-100 mg/kg/dose → 1399-2689 μg/ml. Serial dilutions of these antibiotics in urine were made to determine their effect on SG and Osm which were measured using a refractometer and by freezing point depression. Results [Antibiotic] μg/ml/urine Similar results were obtained with Carbenicillin. Kanamycin and gentamycin had no effect on urine SG when tested in concentrations found in the urine after the usual IV dose. The results indicate that in infants receiving high doses of the penicillins the finding of an elevated urine SG and Osm should be interpreted with caution to prevent inappropriate fluid therapy.
The Valencia Scale of Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Hypnosis–Client Version and Hypnotizability

Abstract The present study examined responses on the Valencia Scale of Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Hypnosis–Client (VSABTH–C) version among a sample of American college students (N = 448) and explored the relationship between VSABTH–C factor scores and measures of hypnotizability, fantasy proneness, and absorption. Scores across three factors (i.e., help, interest, and marginal factors) accounted for 12% of the variance in responsiveness to suggestions administered from the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. Normative data on the VSABTH–C factors by hypnotizability level and individual VSABTH–C item factor loadings are provided.
Unbiased Estimators of Ability Parameters, of Their Variance, and of Their Parallel-Forms Reliability

Given known item parameters, unbiased estimators are derived i) for an examinee's ability parameterθ and for his proportion-correct true scoreς, ii) for the variances ofθ andς across examinees in the group tested, and iii) for the parallel-forms reliability of the maximum likelihood estimator\(\hat \theta\).
Modularity, agility, and architecture's paradox

Attempts to architect more flexible software often results in the opposite - brittle software fraught with complexity. Something is missing. Complexity is the beast we must tame, and modularity is part of the answer. In this keynote, we'll examine the challenges of traditional approaches to software architecture, probe the paradox of architecture, and explore the inextricable link between structural and temporal architectural decisions. From the highest level applications and services to the code that exists in the bowels of the system, we expose the advantages of a modular architecture. Come learn new ways that large software systems can be organized to increase flexibility, reusability, adaptability, maintainability, testability, and extensibility. Come discover the importance of modularity!
Modeling bistable cell-fate choices in the Drosophila eye: qualitative and quantitative perspectives

A major goal of developmental biology is to understand the molecular mechanisms whereby genetic signaling networks establish and maintain distinct cell types within multicellular organisms. Here, we review cell-fate decisions in the developing eye of Drosophila melanogaster and the experimental results that have revealed the topology of the underlying signaling circuitries. We then propose that switch-like network motifs based on positive feedback play a central role in cell-fate choice, and discuss how mathematical modeling can be used to understand and predict the bistable or multistable behavior of such networks.
A New Genus and Species of Caryophyllaeid (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) from Spotted Suckers, Minytrema melanops (Catostomidae), in the Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, U.S.A

Homeomorpha mackiewiczi n. gen. n. sp. is described from spotted suckers, Minytrema melanops, collected from a small stream in the Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, U.S.A. The new genus is a member of the Caryophyllaeidae and is characterized by a uterus that loops anteriorly to the cirrus sac by more than the width of the uterus, preovarian vitelline follicles in distinct lateral rows, H-shaped ovary, 2 gonopores with genital atrium, an external seminal vesicle, postovarian vitellaria, and a cuneiloculate scolex. The new genus most closely resembles Hypocaryophyllaeus and Glaridacris, but members of Hypocaryophyllaeus do not possess postovarian vitellaria and members of Glaridacris have a uterus that does not loop anteriorly of the cirrus sac.
Tonotopic organization in the inferior colliculus of the rat demonstrated with the 2-deoxyglucose method.

We studied the tonotopic organization in the inferior colliculus of the rat with the 2-deoxyglucose method. Isofrequency bands were observed in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. In coronal sections, higher sound frequencies elicited bands that were located more ventrally. At caudal levels of the inferior colliculus, isofrequency bands were relatively short and tilted slightly downward toward the midsagittal plane. As the plane of section moved more rostrally, isofrequency bands gradually lengthened, their orientation first turned horizontally and continued with a downward tilt toward the lateral aspect of the brainstem. At rostral levels, high-frequency (> 8000 Hz) bands showed more significant increases in length than low-frequency (< 4000 Hz) bands. Thus, the amount of tissue in the inferior colliculus devoted to higher frequencies was significantly more than that for lower frequencies. In sagittal sections, the isofrequency band moved from a dorsoposterior position to a ventroanterior one as the plane of section moved more laterally. A three-dimensional model of isofrequency planes was reconstructed from the above data.
2.2.2 Getting Design Right: Systems Engineering for the Non‐Engineer

Our goal is to disseminate the systems engineering process to as broad an audience as possible. This audience includes freshmen engineers, students from non-engineering majors, as well as working managers and staff from a host of different occupations. Reviewing the impediments to the dissemination effort and the success of the Six Sigma movement, we articulate the requirements that a curriculum for non-engineers should satisfy and we propose a particular blended curriculum that satisfies these requirements and highlight its features. We point to three implementations of the curriculum. Experience with this form of the curriculum is still in its infancy.
Single-Conformation Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectra of Jet-Cooled Monolignols: p-Coumaryl Alcohol, Coniferyl Alcohol, and Sinapyl Alcohol

Single-conformation spectroscopy of the three lignin monomers (hereafter “monolignols”) p-coumaryl alcohol (pCoumA), coniferyl alcohol (ConA), and sinapyl alcohol (SinA) has been carried out on the isolated molecules cooled in a supersonic expansion. Laser-induced fluorescence excitation, dispersed fluorescence, resonant two-photon ionization, UV−UV hole-burning, and resonant ion-dip infrared spectroscopy were carried out as needed to obtain firm assignments for the observed conformers of the three molecules. In each case, two conformers were observed, differing in the relative orientations of the vinyl and OH substituents para to one another on the phenyl ring. In pCoumA, the two conformers have S0−S1 origins nearly identical in size, split from one another by only 7 cm−1, in close analogy with previous results of Morgan et al. on p-vinylphenol (Chem. Phys. 2008, 347, 340). ConA, with its methoxy group ortho to the OH group, also has two low-energy conformers forming a syn/anti pair, in this case with th...
Intermolecular and intramolecular transposition and transposition immunity in Tn3 and Tn2660.

Intermolecular transposition of Tn2660 into pCR1 was measured at 30°C in recA− and recA+ hosts as between 2.6 and 5.5x10−3, a similar value to that previously found for Tn3. No cointegrate structures were found under conditions where 104 transposition events occurred. Immunity to intermolecular transposition of Tn2660, similar to that found for Tn3 was demonstrated by showing that the above transposition frequency was reduced by a factor of between 10−3 and 10−4 when a mutant Tn2660 (resulting in the synthesis of a temperaturesensitive β-lactamase) was present in the recipient plasmid. Intramolecular transposition of Tn3 was found to occur under the same conditions as previously demonstrated for Tn2660 giving rise to similar end products, in which the newly introduced Tn3 is oriented inversely to the resident Tn3 and the DNA sequence between the two transposons has been inverted. Thus, in all respects functional identity of the transposition activities of Tn3 and Tn2660 is shown, thereby identifying characteristics of intramolecular transposition that are not readily accommodated by current models of transposition.