cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities for primary care evaluation.

Approximately 60% of the 823 million outpatient visits in the United States during the year 2000 were to primary care physicians [1], and this proportion is higher in most other countries. A large body of literature supports the value of primary care; however, surprisingly little is known about the optimal timing, content, and quality of visits in the primary care setting. Moreover, tools to compare primary care providers at the level of the organization, health plan, medical group, or individual provider are limited. Yet, such data could help employers and patients choose providers of primary care, and could also be used for quality improvement, physician education and training, or to reward providers of high quality care. This issue of the International Journal for Quality in Health Care includes two articles evaluating practice in the primary care setting. In the first, DeSalvo et al . examined the revisit interval assigned by resident physicians in an academic primary care clinic [2], building on a handful of previous studies on this topic [3–7]. The authors demonstrate substantial variability in revisit intervals that is most strongly related to the practice styles of individual physicians. This finding underscores the scarcity of evidence about the optimal timing of return visits and the large variations in practice that result. With little guidance from the literature and no widely accepted standards of practice, physicians devise their own practice styles or emulate those of other physicians. As the authors note, the study’s focus on physicians in training at one institution limits its generalizibility. Moreover, other unmeasured factors may be important contributors to decisions about the revisit interval. Nevertheless, …
Cancer mortality among Mormons in California during 1968--75.

On the basis of Church records, detailed cancer and total death rates were determined for an average of 360,000 California Mormons during 1968--75, for an average of 700,000 Utah Mormons during 1970 and 1975, and for a subgroup of active Mormon males known as High Priests and Seventies. For cancer as a whole, the standardized mortality ratio was 68% for all California Mormon males, 83% for all California females, and 50% for active Mormon males in California and Utah compared with 1970 U.S. whites. Age-specific and age-adjusted total mortality rates were substantially lower in Mormons than in 1970 U.S. whites, with the greatest differences occurring between 35 and 65 years of age, where the rates for active Mormon males were reduced by more than 60%. Methodologic issues and sources of error were discussed, and the overall quality of the data was good. Some health-related characteristics of Mormons are also summarized.
Attracting more residents into nephrology.

Understanding what attracts trainees to a specialty, in this case nephrology, is elusive. Some factors relate to the individual, their personality and needs; some factors are related to the field, including characteristics of daily work, patient problems, and an individual’s experience with
ROLE OF PEROXISOMES IN ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS

Our group and others have recently demonstrated that peroxisomes contain a number of enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis that previously were considered to be cytosolic or located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Peroxisomes have been shown to contain HMG-CoA reductase, mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate decarboxylase, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, and FPP synthase. Four of the five enzymes required for the conversion of mevalonate to FPP contain a conserved putative PTS1 or PTS2, supporting the concept of targeted transport into peroxisomes. To date, no information is available regarding the function of the peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase in cholesterol/isoprenoid metabolism, and the structure of the peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase has yet to be determined. We have identified a mammalian cell line that expresses only one HMG-CoA reductase protein, and which is localized exclusively to peroxisomes, to facilitate our studies on the function, regulation, and structure...
The local Schwartzman phenomenon and human dentin permeability to endotoxin

The local Schwartzman phenomenon is a thrombotic hemorrhagic reaction that develops in response to local preparatory administration followed by intravenous provoking injection of endotoxin. This study investigated permeability of coronal dentin to endotoxin. Cavities were prepared in human dentin discs and received either 10 μg or 100 μg Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin or pyrogen-free water over the cavity floor. The cavities were then restored with a glass ionomer cement. The discs were implanted in rabbits' abdominal skin. The rabbits also received intradermal injections of 10 μg and 100 μg endotoxin and pyrogen-free water. 18 h after implantation/injection, a provoking intravenous injection of endotoxin was administered and the animals were terminated 6 h later. Intradermal injection of both doses of endotoxin elicited LSP in all rabbits. In the majority of specimens, endotoxin at 10 μg and 100 μg dosage did not permeate dentin to elicit LSP.
Neural control of maternal and paternal behaviors

Parental care, including feeding and protection of young, is essential for the survival as well as mental and physical well-being of the offspring. A large variety of parental behaviors has been described across species and sexes, raising fascinating questions about how animals identify the young and how brain circuits drive and modulate parental displays in males and females. Recent studies have begun to uncover a striking antagonistic interplay between brain systems underlying parental care and infant-directed aggression in both males and females, as well as a large range of intrinsic and environmentally driven neural modulation and plasticity. Improved understanding of the neural control of parental interactions in animals should provide novel insights into the complex issue of human parental care in both health and disease.
Biochemical modulation of aracytidine (Ara-C) effects by GTI-2040, a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, in K562 human leukemia cells.

GTI-2040 is a potent antisense to the M2 subunit of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), an enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates. We hypothesized that combination of GTI-2040 with the cytarabine (Ara-C) could result in an enhanced cytotoxic effect with perturbed intracellular deoxynucleotide/nucleotide (dNTP/NTP) pools including Ara-C triphosphate (Ara-CTP). This study aims to provide a direct experimental support of this hypothesis by monitoring the biochemical modulation effects, intracellular levels of Ara-CTP, dNTPs/NTPs following the combination treatment of Ara-C, and GTI-2040 in K562 human leukemia cells. GTI-2040 was introduced into cells via electroporation. A hybridization–ligation ELISA was used to quantify intracellular GTI-2040 concentrations. Real-time PCR and Western blot methods were used to measure the RNR M2 mRNA and protein levels, respectively. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity following various drug treatments. A non-radioactive HPLC-UV method was used for measuring the intracellular Ara-CTP, while a LC-MS/MS method was used to quantify intracellular dNTP/NTP pools. GTI-2040 was found to downregulate M2 mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner and showed significant decrease in dNTP but not NTP pool. When combining GTI-2040 with Ara-C, a synergistic cytotoxicity was observed with no further change in dNTP/NTP pools. Importantly, pretreatment of K562 cells with GTI-2040 was found to increase Ara-CTP level for the first time, and this effect may be due to inhibition of RNR by GTI-2040. This finding provides a laboratory justification for the current phase I/II evaluation of GTI-2040 in combination with Ara-C in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Thromboxane release in coronary artery disease: Spontaneous versus pacing-induced angina☆

Abstract To determine thromboxane A 2 release in coronary artery disease, we measured its stable metabolite thromboxane B 2 by radioimmunoassay in 20 patients. In 15 patients with stable disease (last angina episode >96 hours before study), coronary venous thromboxane B 2 concentrations were lower than in aortic blood (mean 109 ± 36 vs 194 ± 40 pg/ml, p 2 concentrations were higher than aortic thromboxane B 2 concentrations during the angina episode (mean 1716 ± 316 vs 875 ± 388 pg/ml, p 2 levels were in the normal range (mean 175 ± 35 pg/ml) in patients with stable angina but significantly ( p 2 concentrations increased in 10 of 13 patients (mean 283 ± 70 pg/ml, p 2 concentrations increased in seven patients at peak pacing rates (mean 223 ± 76 pg/ml) and in three other patients after termination of pacing. These data indicate that release of thromboxane A 2 is much greater during spontaneous angina than with pacing stress in patients with coronary artery disease. Thromboxane A 2 released during spontaneous or pacing-induced angina may modulate coronary and systemic vascular tone. Enhanced thromboxane A 2 activity may either precede or follow myocardial ischemia and could be a factor in the initiation and propagation of the ischemic episode.
Deposition and characterization of thin ferroelectric lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) films on sapphire for spatial light modulators applications

Ferroelectric lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) films are deposited on R-plane sapphire using RF triode magnetron sputtering. Perovskite PLZT films with the desired composition (9/65/35) are obtained using compensated deposition techniques around 500 degrees C and postdeposition annealing at 650 degrees C. The deposited films exhibit good optical and electrooptical properties. The room temperature dielectric constant of the films was 1800 at 10 kHz. The refractive index of the films was in the range of 2.2-2.5. The films showed a quadratic electrooptic effect with R=0.6 *10/sup -16/ m/sup 2//V/sup 2/. The development of PLZT on silicon-on-sapphire smart spatial light modulators using these films is also explored. >
Minimum return difference as a compensator design tool

Minimum return difference (RD/sub min/) is a single robustness measure that, when large, guarantees that both gain margin (GM) and phase margin (PM) are large. In this paper, a lag and lead compensator design procedure based on RD is proposed, derived, and compared with the commonly used Bode PM-based design methods that undergraduates are taught in the first course on controls and that continue to appear in new textbooks. To introduce students to modern compensator design concepts while avoiding the complexities of optimal control theory, a cost function is minimized over a search focused on compensators that potentially may yield a large RD/sub min/. An approximate relation between RD/sub min/ and {M, PM} suggests a lower bound on RD/sub min/ for robust system stability. An efficient procedure for exact calculation of RD/sub min/ is presented and is a valuable component of the compensator design algorithm. The compensator parameter search is conducted over a domain that approximately enforces/exceeds the lower bound requirement on RD/sub min/. All designs violating the requirement are rejected. The settling time and overshoot of the step response are usually both reduced relative to the traditional design methods, sometimes substantially, and the RD method often succeeds when the traditional methods fail. The undergraduate instructor is thus given a fresh, modern, and successful alternative for teaching first-order compensation synthesis without getting into advanced graduate-level techniques. The procedure also helps students understand system robustness and provides an easy transition to optimization methods, linking them with familiar concepts.
Comparative feeding ecology of two herbivorous damselfishes (Pomacentridae: Teleostei) from the Gulf of California, Mexico.

Abstract Two species of benthic damselfishes from the Gulf of California, Mexico, use contrasting behaviors when feeding on benthic algal communities. The small (±70 g) Cortez damselfish, Eupomacentrus rectifraenum (Gill, 1862), feeds selectively from a multi-species algal mat, eats fleshy red and green algae and ignores brown and calcareous algae. The giant blue damselfish, Microspathodon dorsalis (Gill, 1862), is a large (±450 g), lethargic, nonselective feeder which grazes on a near monoculture of a fleshy red alga, Polysiphonia sp. Feeding activity for both species is low in the morning peaks during late afternoon, and drops sharply as night approaches. Based on feeding rates, gut-filling times, and weights of gut contents, Cortez damselfish process six to eight full guts of food and giant blue damselfish three full guts of food per day. The algal mat exhibits high standing crops (291–618 g dry wt · m−2) and low productivity, but the preferred food of the Cortez damselfish (Ulva) appears to colonize the mat frequently and grow rapidly. The Polysiphonia dominated community on giant blue damselfish territories exhibits low standing crops (23 g · m−2) and high productivity (34–47 times that of the mat per gram algae). Even though the feeding behaviors and resources used by the two damselfishes differ, both species eat similar food (delicate red and green fleshy algae, and depend on rapid colonization and/or high productivity to maintain their primary foods in the grazed algal community.
Intergenerational resource tensions in the workplace and beyond: Individual, interpersonal, institutional, international

Abstract The workforce is rapidly aging. Already at record highs, labor force participation rates of both over-55 and over-65 age segments are expected to nearly double in the immediate future. The current chapter describes how these sweeping demographic changes necessitate both the unprecedented utilization of older workers and intergenerational collaboration, but also present the danger of heightened generational tension. We describe the specific risk factors for such tensions, highlighting the presence of generational boundaries at multiple levels: (a) individual, (b) interpersonal, (c) institutional, and (d) international. Drawing from our own work and relevant management literature, we then identify three broad domains within which intergenerational tensions are particularly salient at each of these levels: active Succession tensions over enviable resources and influence (e.g., employment), passive Consumption tensions over shared asset usage (e.g., healthcare) and symbolic Identity tensions over figurative space (e.g., cultural fit) (SCI). We conclude with suggestions for potential interventions, and major open areas for future organizational research, both of which should focus on how to maximize the utility of unprecedented intergenerational collaboration.
Myoma in Pregnancy

Uterine myomas (leiomyomas or fibroids) are common benign tumors, arising from the smooth muscle of the uterus. The true prevalence of fibroids is unknown as there is no screening program for asymptomatic women, but the estimated prevalence of myomas is 30 % in all women, 20–40 % in reproductive aged women and 40–60 % of women by age 35 [1]. The risk of myoma increases significantly with increasing age, and by age 50, 70–80 % of women will have had a fibroid [2]. Prevalence is two to three times higher in black women [3]. Decreased incidence is observed with increased parity. This effect is further amplified with childbearing from age 25 to 29 [1]. Factors that alter estrogen levels also modify risk. Smoking, exercise, and lean body mass decrease the incidence, while obesity and early menarche increases the risk. Despite strong associations with estrogen, there is no observed effect with oral contraceptives (Fig. 15.1) [1, 3]. Myomas are typically classified as one of three types: subserous, intramural or submucous, determined by location relative to the myometrium. Further descriptors include pedunculated, for those attached by a stalk, or cervical, based on location (Fig. 15.2).
A Vision of an Emerging Right to Health Care in the U.S.: Expanding Health Care Equity through Legislative Reform

When asked to write a chapter on how litigation has advanced a right to health in the U.S., I responded skeptically, both because evidence of the existence of any such right is weak and the role of litigation in promoting its development is small at best. A snapshot of the U.S. health care system evinces the absence of even a more narrow right to health care – a guarantee of equitable access to basic medical care. Instead, it reveals a fragmented picture of public and private financing that leaves many people lacking meaningful access to care. More so, the places where hints of a right to health care appear in the U.S. are largely not the result of litigation, but rather a product of incremental legislative efforts to advance health care access, suggesting the more compelling picture might be one of legislation. Reflecting on the historical development of the U.S. health care financing system, the limited success of health care rights litigation, and the success of past legislative efforts, this chapter reveals two primary insights. First, it illustrates how and why the U.S. lies in vivid contrast to many other countries in this volume, where battles over health rights – defined narrowly or broadly – occur largely in the courts. Americans have been and will likely continue to be relatively more reliant on statutory advancement of health care rights. Second, it argues that, going forward, PPACA offers transformative potential for an American right to health care, by gradually redefining who does (and perhaps by implication should) have access to health care, regardless of ability to pay. Whether this formal legal change will shape social consciousness is still unclear. Early backlash to both the law and the Supreme Court decision raises doubts. Yet, past experience with incremental health reform in the U.S. offers some evidence that PPACA could provide the vision and foundation for an evolving American conception of a right to health care. If PPACA offers the best pathway to social change, supporters of a right to health care should be particularly invested in its success, even if they see its vision as flawed or incomplete.
Ferroelastic Domain Organization and Precursor Control of Size in Solution-Grown Hafnium Dioxide Nanorods

We demonstrate that the degree of branching of the alkyl (R) chain in a Hf(OR)4 precursor allows for control over the length of HfO2 nanocrystals grown by homocondensation of the metal alkoxide with a metal halide. An extended nonhydrolytic sol-gel synthesis has been developed that enables the growth of high aspect ratio monoclinic HfO2 nanorods that grow along the [100] direction. The solution-grown elongated HfO2 nanorods show remarkable organization of twin domains separated by (100) coherent twin boundaries along the length of the nanowires in a morphology reminiscent of shape memory alloys. The sequence of finely structured twin domains each spanning only a few lattice planes originates from the Martensitic transformation of the nanorods from a tetragonal to a monoclinic structure upon cooling. Such ferroelastic domain organization is uncharacteristic of metal oxides and has not thus far been observed in bulk HfO2. The morphologies observed here suggest that, upon scaling to nanometer-sized dimensions, HfO2 might exhibit mechanical properties entirely distinctive from the bulk.
Development and evaluation of a new instrument for safe heelstick sampling of neonates

A new semiautomatic device for performing heelpunctures (TenderfootTM) on newborn infants was tested on 62 neonates and compared to the performance of a standard scalpel blade and a semiautomated lancet. The device makes an incision that is 1-mm deep and2.5-mm wide, allowing the free-flowing collection of up to 3 mL of blood. When compared to the other techniques, this device caused less hemolysis of sample, required fewer punctures to obtain a desired sample, and produced less physical trauma to the infant's heel. The blade of this device automatically retracts following skin incision, thereby insuring that the blood collector and infant are not subject to accidental puncture. Because of its greater performance and increased safety, this device is recommended for routine heel punctures.
Olfactory cues used by female Gromphadorhina portentosa (Dictyoptera: Blaberidae) during mate choice

Virgin female Madagascan hissing cockroaches, Gromphadorhina portentosa Schaum, can discriminate between the sexes of conspecifics and between males of different age and social status on the basis of olfactory cues. Status-level discrimination by females is particularly important because females mate preferentially with high-ranking males. Therefore, female choice in this species may be based, at least in part, on the ability of females to discriminate olfactorily between males of different status levels. Choice points during courtship and the relevance of choice cues to sexual selection are discussed.
Improved Morphological Skeleton Extraction Algorithm

On the spur of the limitation that the conventional morphological skeleton extraction algorithms fail in poor connectivity,thickness and complicated structure,an improved morphological skeleton extraction algorithm is proposed.Morphology operation and connectivity-preserving strategy are combined in the novel algorithm during the shrinking process to prevent the extracted skeleton from being broken up.Two post-processing strategies,one-pixel thickness thinning and biased skeleton trimming,are also involved to enhance the performance of this improved method.The new algorithm is thus superior to the conventional one.Simulation tests verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Calcium Regulation of Ciliary Motility: Analysis of Axonemal Calcium-Binding Proteins

Substantial data have contributed to a model in which the axonemal microtubules act as a scaffold for the assembly of molecules that form a signal transduction pathway that ultimately regulates dynein. We have also known for some time that for virtually all motile cilia and flagella, the second messenger, calcium, impacts upon these signaling pathways to modulate beating in response to extracellular cues. Yet we are only beginning to identify the axonemal proteins that bind this second messenger and determine their role in regulating dynein-driven microtubule sliding to alter the size and shape of ciliary bends. Here, we review our current understanding of calcium regulation of motility, emphasizing recent advances in the detection and characterization of calcium-binding proteins anchored to the axoneme.
Nuclear imaging in urology.

SUMMARY Over the past 10 years nuclear renal imaging has proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool. The information derived from such studies must be correlated with all other imaging procedures now available, i.e., ultrasound and computed tomography. Prior to performing a study, the physician should focus carefully on what information is desired and whether or not it can be acquired. Once that is done, the use of these procedures in urology is extremely helpful and their aid in a given instance is limited only by the creative mind of the physicianuser.
Content analysis of public opinion on sexual expression and dementia: Implications for nursing home policy development.

Purpose We examined public opinion of sexual expression and dementia to inform nursing home policy and practice. Design and Methods A content analysis was conducted on public comments (N=1194) posted in response to a New York Times article about a highly publicized legal case involving a husband engaging in sexual acts with his wife who had dementia, living in a nursing home. Researchers utilized constant comparative analysis to code the comments; reliability analysis showed moderately strong agreement at the subcategory level. Data were also coded to indicate whether the commenter thought the couple should or should not have been allowed to be sexual. Results One primary theme was identified: conditions necessary for someone to be sexual. Six categories were identified within this theme, with the public commentary considering factors such as marital relationships, intimacy needs and several sexual consent-related issues as key conditions necessary to be sexual in a nursing home setting. Overall, the majority of commenters were in support of sexual expression for an individual with dementia in the described situation. Discussion This study revealed sexual expression among individuals with dementia is a contentious issue with strong public opinions about how this should be managed in a nursing home setting. These opinions should be considered as policy related to sexual expression in nursing homes is developed.
Socio-economic impact of zero - till wheat in Pratapgarh, district of U.P.

The zero-till wheat has significant impact in Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh where sowing of wheat invariably delayed by 15 to 20 days resulting in reduction in yield can be avoided through ZT, due to 10-15 days earlier sowing than conventional method of wheat sowing, these findings are close conformity with findings of Sinha and Singh (2005). During study year 2013-14 it was observed that, on average the same crop yields are possible by zero-tillage compared to conventional tillage. The survey of 200 randomly selected zero tillage adopters and non-adopters has clearly established socio-cultural, psychological and economic gains by reflecting average grain production of zero-tillage 34.75 qt and conventional tillage 33.11 qt/ha. The percentage increase in wheat (grain) yield of zero-tillage over conventional tillage 4.95 per cent. The average yield of straw was recorded zero-tillage-37.65qt/ha and conventional 39.50 qt/ha which was 4.90 per cent less than conventional method and comparatively more economical technique in rice-wheat cropping system similar findings of Muhammad et al. (2011), crucial incentive for resource poor farmers. Further, the scanning of socio-economic data indicated that ZT technology had sense of achievement, merit for promotion, technical feasibility, stress reduction and opportunity for custom hiring services.
The Ties That Bind: Ideology, Material Culture, and the Utopian Ideal

Communitarian or utopian societies are ideal settings for investigating the interaction between material culture and ideology. Community members deliberately incorporated ideologies of social reform into the planning and organization of their society. Material culture served as an active medium to both reflect and reinforce utopian ideals, and community members were often keenly aware of the symbolic meanings represented in artifacts. In this way, material culture can be seen as simultaneously constituted and constitutive as well as a central focus in maintaining social cohesion. This article examines one such group, the Oneida Perfectionists, that created a socially and financially stable community that endured for more than 30 years. Their use of material culture purposefully reflected their religious ideology and functioned as a means of fostering and maintaining communitas.
Data-driven simulation of urban human mobility constrained by natural disasters

Understanding of human movements in urban areas plays a key role in improving our disaster response, evacuation, and relief plans. However, there is a lack of research on human mobility perturbation under the influence of hurricanes. Furthermore, limited simulation studies have had access to empirical human travel data in urban areas during natural disasters. In this paper we developed a computational model to simulate human mobility during the approaching and strike of hurricanes. Inspired by animal movements in a fragmented habitat, we examined human movements in New York City and its adjacent areas during the striking of Hurricane Sandy. Based on the patterns observed, we established a data-driven model to simulate human movements during hurricanes. The model integrated multiple resources of urban informatics including U.S. census data, Twitter data, and Google Maps. The research effort aims to inform policy-makers and support decision-making under different emergency situations that can arise during hurricanes.
Feasibility of Contrast‐Enhanced Intraoperative Ultrasound for Detection and Characterization of Renal Mass Undergoing Open Partial Nephrectomy

Objectives To determine the feasibility of obtaining intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging in patients undergoing open partial nephrectomy for renal cancer. We hypothesize that the study was feasible and the addition of CEUS would improve lesion identification and characterization. Methods The study population consisted of 10 patients with known renal mass scheduled for intraoperative ultrasound–guided open partial nephrectomy. After dissection and exposure of the kidney by the surgeon, an intraoperative pre- and post-CEUS was performed by the radiologist. Feasibility was defined as successful imaging in 8 of 10 patients with intraoperative CEUS. Image quality, lesion conspicuity/contrast, lesion vascularity, morphology, and size were assessed and graded with pre- and post-contrast images. Results Intraoperative ultrasound was successfully acquired in 10 of 11 patients for renal mass detection and characterization. One study was canceled intraoperatively as a result of clinical complications related to a difficult surgery. Tumor size ranged from 1.3 to 4.2 cm. All lesions were solid. No additional lesions were found on CEUS compared with baseline imaging. Image quality post-contrast ranged from acceptable to excellent. There were no adverse events recorded for all 10 patients. Conclusions In our feasibility study consisting of 10 patients, CEUS for detection and characterization of renal mass undergoing open partial nephrectomy was feasible and safe. Because intraoperative ultrasound during open partial nephrectomy can affect the extent of surgery, CEUS can be used to help detect and characterize renal mass for surgical planning/resection intraoperatively.
Hemophilia A inhibitor treatment: the promise of engineered T-cell therapy.

Hemophilia A is a bleeding disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding factor VIII (FVIII), a cofactor protein that is essential for normal blood clotting. Approximately one in three patients with severe hemophilia A produce neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) that block its biologic function in the clotting cascade. Current efforts to eliminate inhibitors consist of repeated FVIII injections under what is termed an “ITI” protocol (Immune Tolerance Induction). However, this method is extremely costly and approximately 30% of patients undergoing ITI do not achieve peripheral tolerance. Human T regulatory cells (Tregs) have been proposed as a new strategy to treat this anti-drug antibody response, as well as other diseases. Polyclonal Tregs are nonspecific and could potentially cause general immunosuppression. Novel approaches to induce tolerance to FVIII include the use of engineered human and mouse antigen-specific Tregs, or alternatively antigen-specific cytotoxic cells, to delete, anergize or kill FVIII-specific lymphocytes. In this review, we discuss the current state of engineered T-cell therapies, and we describe recent progress in applying these therapies to induce FVIII-specific tolerance.
Hierarchy Control, Its Place and Form in the Steel Mill of the Future

Abstract The current major areas of development in industrial control systems for all types of industries are in the use of hierarchical and distributed computer systems and in the incorporation of microcomputers and/or microprocessors into the resulting systems. The Purdue Laboratory for Applied Industrial Control of Purdue University, with the cooperation of the major steel companies of the United States and Canada, has been engaged for the past seven years in a study of the applicability of such systems to a modern steel mill. Likewise, major steel industry research and operating groups around the world have also been heavily engaged in similar studies. This has been notably so in Holland, Japan, and West Germany. In this paper, we wish to report the results obtained to date in the Purdue Program; to note the progress being made in this area by the foreign groups; and to make some recommendations and record some trends concerning the future development and use of such systems in the steel industry throughout the world.
Commentary on Studies of Gender-Mix in Labor Market Research

In commenting on the papers by Nieva and Tenopyr I find myself, in a sense, somewhat conflicted. On the one hand, there is almost nothing in these papers that I can argue with or that I can even question. Both authors have highlighted and stressed some significant issues that we all need to be concerned with. Nieva1s highlighting of the problems associated with the two-career family, and the difficulty of being a single parent in terms of career implications, should particularly be noted. We have, of course, seen considerable concern in recent years with the former group but comparatively little that I know of with regard to the latter. It is time that we started to think about work implications of being a single parent. I am delighted to see this issue confronted.
Border Medicine: A Transcultural History of Mexican American Curanderismo. By Brett Hendrickson

In his book, Border Medicine: A Transcultural History of Mexican American Curanderismo, religious studies scholar and author Brett Hendrickson seeks to offer a more “transcultural and multiethnic h...
Powers of the gun: process and possibility in global small arms control

Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) are the principal tools of armed violence, but the development of a global ‘regime’ has been a fragmented and fragile process that reinforces sovereignty more than it regulates violence. This article argues that rather than a settled regime, the global processes on SALW are better understood as a ‘global assemblage’. Drawing on new materialism and process philosophy, the article does not seek to explain a regime through power but to explain power through its assemblage. It shows how powers are produced as a global collective for action on SALW is composed. This composition of powers operates not only by producing agreements, but by creating and proliferating the possibilities to disagree, re-composing the meanings of decision and consensus, and generating objects for cooperation that constitute particular modes of global action that render guns governable.
Learning language and mathematics: A perspective from Linguistics and Education

Abstract The introductory article offers a framework for language education researchers and mathematics education researchers to share insights, questions, and understandings from their complementary perspectives on the relationship between language and mathematics. This Article Collection re-publishes seven, of the 18 articles that were authored by researchers from seven different countries; that addressed the topic and were published in Linguistics and Education since the journal's inception in 1988. The first part is organized into four sections, including: (1) The concepts of the academic language and the mathematics register; (2) the language and literacy challenges of teaching and learning mathematics; (3) specific issues for English learner students’ (EL students) mathematical learning and mastery of the mathematics register; and (4) implications for teaching mathematics to all students. A brief overview of the 18 published papers follows. A more detailed description of the seven Linguistics and Education articles provides a set of perspectives with corresponding analyses; that, taken together, constitute a context for an interdisciplinary sphere of developing research and theory regarding language, literacy and mathematics learning. Finally, the conclusion summarizes cross-cutting themes and suggestions for further study.
Social Justice Implications for MFT: The Need for Cross-Cultural Responsiveness

Over the past two decades, the mental health field has been pressured to respond to the increased diversity among clients needing mental health services. This has led to greater diversity in providing more culturally responsive services to various minority groups. However, true transformation and innovation in our thinking needed to ensure that our fields support and encourage cultural diversity and social justice are still lacking. This chapter offers a framework for supporting and including a social justice perspective in family therapy praxis by discussing a vision of social justice that is true to the needs of families we serve. We (the authors) also offer some ideas about a paradigm shift in thinking about the inclusion of diversity and social justice in practice to help clinicians understand multicultural clients’ dilemmas and challenges.
Mutant Mouse Cells with Nitrobenzylthioinosine-Insensitive Nucleoside Transport Functions

From a mutagenized population of wildtype S49 T lymphoma cells, clones were generated that were resistant to the physiological effects of the potent inhibitor of nucleoside transport, 4-nitrobenzyl-6-thioinosine (NBMPR). NBMPR protected wildtype cells from the cytotoxic effects of a spectrum of nucleosides, whereas two mutant clones, KAB1 and KAB5, were still sensitive to nucleoside-mediated cytotoxicity in the presence of NBMPR. In addition, NBMPR prevented wildtype cells from surviving in hypoxanthine-amethopterin-thymidine containing medium, whereas KAB1 and KAB5 cells grew normally. Rapid sampling transport studies indicated that mutant cells, unlike wildtype parental cells, had acquired a substantial NBMPR-insensitive nucleoside transport component. Binding studies with [3H]NBMPR indicated that KAB5 cells were 70-75% deficient in the number of NBMPR binding sites, whereas KAB1 cells possessed a wildtype complement of NBMPR binding sites. The characterization of the KABl and KAB5 cell lines suggested that the NBMPR binding site in wildtype S49 cells is genetically distinguishable from the nucleoside carrier site.
DESIGN FOR AN AIRBORNE GPS-INERTIAL SURVEYOR

The Aerial Profiling of Terrain System (APTS), designed and built at C.S. Draper Laboratory under the sponsorship of the US Geological Survey, achieved accuracies of 60 cm horizontal and 15 cm vertical in terrain profiling. APTS used a high accuracy inertial navigation system periodically updated by measurements from a laser tracker, which used surveyed retroreflectors located on the ground. A laser profiler fixed to the IMU measured distance to the terrain along a known direction. With a full constellation of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites soon to be available, comparable accuracies could be achieved with a medium-accuracy inertial navigator updated by differential carrier-phase GPS measurements. Additional flexibility could be provided by gimballing the profiler. For appplications in which precise survey of ground points is desired, improvements in the laser tracker would make it possible to acquire retroreflectors that are genuinely unsurveyed. The design provides for the inclusion of additional optional sensors such as imaging devices, and for the use of the surveyor as a test bed for other navigation systems. The design incorporates technology capable of recording data at rates of several megabits per second.
The Cortical Conductor Theory: Towards Addressing Consciousness in AI Models

AI models of the mind rarely discuss the so called “hard problem” of consciousness. Here, I will sketch informally a possible functional explanation for phenomenal consciousness: the conductor theory of consciousness (CTC). Unlike IIT, CTC is a functionalist model of consciousness, with similarity to other functionalist approaches, such as the ones suggested by Dennett and Graziano.
Reconnecting Learning to Development Through Performance Ensembles

Economically, politically, and socially, society needs people who can work with others different from themselves and, as a group, create innovative solutions to collective problems. With its focus on ensemble development, drama education is an attractive training ground for this kind of transformation. In the theatre, the ensemble is not just a collection of individual actors, but is the unit that comes together for the performance to be successful. In this chapter I will show how bringing the tools of theatrical ensemble building to non-theatrical settings can create an environment where learners and teachers learn to listen, support, and create with others, while engaging with all kinds of content. I share three examples of ensemble-focused teaching, ranging from a preschool classroom to an outside-of-school youth development program. I argue for a Vygotskian inspired approach where the focus shifts from the individual learner acquiring knowledge, to the ongoing creation of a performance ensemble whose job is to support the development (and learning) of the group.
A usability and safety study of bone-conduction headphones during driving while listening to audiobooks

Bone-conduction technology has been around since the 1800s but using this technology in headphones is relatively new. Bone-conduction transmits sound through the bones of the skull. This research c...
Curators and sojourners in learning networks: Practices for transformation

Networks are a promising mechanism for creating systemic change. Studies abound, but do not examine roles and practices to reveal the processes through which networks create transformative capacity. This participatory single case study provides a framework to examine structures, roles and practices. The framework details common network substructures, across which critical practices occur, and provides a typology of specific network practices of curators and sojourners. The primary claim is that a variety of structures and interdependent roles and practices work in concert to support transformation across sites and scales. Results have implications for network design, leadership, practice, and evaluation.
Abkhazia: A View from a de Facto State

This chapter presents a case study of national identity conceptualization inside a de facto state, Abkhazia. Abkhazia stands out among other post-Soviet de facto states: Abkhaz ethnic identity and the history of Abkhazian statehood extend back centuries. The case study of the concept of national identity and citizenship politics in the republic from the point of view of ethnic/territorial relationship and from the historical perspective is able to provide a unique insight into the concept of national identity in Georgia as well (namely its historical exceptionalism) and the crucial role of history in national identity and politics in the Caucasus and the PSS in general. Finally, the story of enfranchisement and disenfranchisement of Abkhazia’s own minority group, Mingrelians/Georgians of the Gal region, brings another testimony of the victims of citizenship politics and the tension between ethnic and territorial concepts of nation in the former USSR, where ethnic enclaves abound.
The Empirical Evidence Supporting Dog Training Programs for Incarcerated People

Carceral dog training programs continue to demonstrate their value for participants, other incarcerated people, facility staff, and the dogs and their recipients. The programs are based on the therapeutic effects of human-animal interactions. An empirical body of research findings regarding the positive impacts that result from participating in carceral dog training programs continues to grow. After reviewing why incarcerated people need programming and the history of dog training programs, the literature, which is increasingly comprised of studies that use sophisticated research methodologies, is presented. Given the criminogenic nature of the carceral environment, implementing reliable and effective treatment programs is crucial. Participation’s implications for desistance are also explored. The chapter ends with a consideration of the research we still need to conduct.
ENCORE: A Visualization Tool for Insight into Circadian Omics

Circadian rhythms are 24-hour biological cycles that control daily molecular rhythms in many organisms. The cellular elements that fall under the regulation of the clock are often studied through the use of omics-scale data sets gathered over time to determine how circadian regulation impacts cellular physiology. Previously, we created the ECHO (Extended Circadian Harmonic Oscillator) tool to identify rhythms in these data sets. Using ECHO, we found that circadian oscillations widely undergo a change in amplitude over time and that these amplitude changes have a biological function in the cell. However, ECHO does not align gene ontologies with the identified oscillating genes to give functional context. Thus, we created ENCORE (ECHO Native Circadian Ontological Rhythmicity Explorer), a novel visualization tool which combines the disparate databases of Gene Ontologies, protein-protein interactions, and auxiliary information to uncover the meaning of circadianly-regulated genes. This freely-available tool performs automatic enrichment and creates publication-worthy visualizations which we used to extend previously-gathered data on circadian regulation of physiology from published omics-scale studies in three circadian model organisms: mouse, fruit fly, and Neurospora crassa.
Gene flow in the anemone Anthopleura elegantissima limits signatures of local adaptation across an extensive geographic range.

Species inhabiting marine environments face a wide range of environmental conditions that vary spatially across several orders of magnitude. The selective pressures that these conditions impose on marine organisms, in combination with potentially high rates of gene flow between distant populations, make it difficult to predict the extent to which these populations can locally adapt. Here, I identify how selection and gene flow influence the population genetic structure of the anemone Anthopleura elegantissima along the Pacific coast of North America. Isolation by distance is the dominant pattern across the range of this species, with a genetic break near Pt. Conception, CA. Furthermore, demographic modelling suggests that this species was historically confined to southerly latitudes before expanding northward. Outlier analyses identify 24 loci under selection (out of ~1,100), but the same analysis on simulated genetic data generated using the most likely demographic model erroneously identified the same number of loci under selection, if not more. Taken together, these results suggest that demographic processes are the dominant force shaping population genetic patterns in A. elegantissima along the Pacific coast of North America. I discuss these patterns in terms of the evolutionary history of A. elegantissima, the potential for local adaptation, and their consequences with respect to interactions with the endosymbiont Breviolum muscatinei across their geographic range.