cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining kinematic order and relative age of faulting via flexural‐kinematic restoration: A case study in far western Nepal

[Deformation, isostasy and erosion for one 8 km increment of thrust motion (479 km total). Top panel, fault displacement and isostatic loading following 8 km of displacement. Middle panel, new estimated topography and erosion. Bottom panel, estimated cross section geometry and topography following erosion and deposition. , Abstract Forward modeled, balanced cross sections that account for the flexural response to thrust loading and erosional unloading can verify and refine the kinematic sequence of deformation in fold‐thrust belts as well as help assess the validity of a balanced cross section. Results from flexural‐kinematic reconstructions that indicate either the cross section, the kinematic order or both are invalid include: (a) a predicted final topography that is dramatically different from the actual topography; (b) large normal fault or thrust fault bounded synorogenic basins that are not present in the mapped geology; and/or (c) an exhumation history that is not consistent with provenance records in the basin or measured thermochronometers. Where detailed measured foreland basin sections exist, flexural‐kinematic modeling of fold‐thrust belt deformation, including out‐of‐sequence (OOS) faults can predict a foreland basin evolution that can be compared to measured data. The modeling process creates a “pseudostratigraphy” in the modeled foreland. The pseudostratigraphy and predicted provenance of each modeled stratigraphic increment can be directly compared to measured stratigraphic sections. We present a case study using two cross sections through the Himalaya of far western Nepal (Api and Simikot) to assess the validity of the section geometries and the resulting kinematic histories, displacement rates, flexural wave response and predicted provenance for both sections. Insights from combining the flexural‐kinematic models with existing stratigraphic data include: (a) Changing the order of proposed OOS and normal faults to earlier in the evolution of the fold‐thrust belt was necessary to reproduce the foreland provenance data. We argue that OOS thrust and normal faults in the Api section occurred between 11 and 4 Ma. (b) Published shortening estimates for the Simikot cross section are too high (>50 km), resulting in unrealistic shortening rates up to 80 mm/yr between 25 and 20 Ma. (c) Flexural forward models with and without an additional sediment loading modeling step indicate that while sediment loading does not have a measurable effect on the magnitude and location of erosion within the fold‐thrust belt, it does have a small effect on accumulation rates and thus the predicted age of stratigraphic boundaries when compared to measured stratigraphic thicknesses and age. Thickness difference range from 0.2 to 0.5 km and can result in predicted age differences of ca. 1 Ma. Accounting for both flexural isostacy and erosion can eliminate unviable kinematic sequences and when combined with provenance data from measured stratigraphic sections, can provide insight into the order, age and rate of deformation.]
Something old, something new: Leveraging what we know to optimize new directions in emotion development research

The 3 papers by Hammond and Drummond (2019), LoBue and Adolph (2019), and Stern, Botdorf, Cassidy, and Riggins (2019) bring into focus some of the exciting and promising new directions emerging in the field of emotional development. This commentary urges researchers moving in these new directions to leverage what is already known about emotional development to inform future predictions and interpretations, as well as to remain mindful of the thorny but essential questions surrounding the conceptualization, measurement, and interpretation of emotions. These points are illustrated with a focus on 2 specific topics. The first concerns how we conceptualize positive and negative emotions and what we might predict about their respective psychological and behavioral effects. The second concerns what should (not) count as evidence of an emotion in infants and young children and highlights the importance of converging evidence across methods and measures as well as of validating measures. This extends to the study of emotional mechanisms such as empathy and sympathy. Considering these questions carefully at this juncture has the potential to make the future study of emotional development all the more fruitful and effective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Impact of Selective Eating on Social Domains Among Transition-Age Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study.

Food selectivity is a common feeding problem among autistic children. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the impact of selective eating on key social domains—with family, peers, and in other social situations—of transition-age autistic youth who self-identified as being food selective. Interviews were conducted with 20 autistic youth ages 18–23 years. Data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic coding. Participants had developed a range of strategies to cope with their food selectivity, and although some expressed concerns, they did not feel that it had a major impact on social situations. A responsive approach to supporting such youth would likely involve recognizing the effort and skills that the youth have already developed around this issue.
20 – PROBLEM AREAS FOR THE MARKET

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the way in which the pricing system coordinates the decisions of buyers and sellers. However, if a market economy is to allocate goods and resources efficiently, certain conditions should be met. First, property rights should be defined so that economic participants would be prohibited from imposing costs on nonconsenting parties. Second, voluntary market behavior requires that productive activity and personal reward be closely linked. Individuals and firms often fail to undertake productive activity when their personal efforts are unrewarded. Third, both buyers and sellers should be reasonably well informed. If one of the parties to an exchange is misinformed, it might unwittingly grant its consent to arrangements that it would later regret. Fourth, as it has been emphasized, competition among sellers should exist. The chapter focuses on market failure and economic activity that result in allocative inefficiency relative to the hypothetical ideal of economists. The sources of market failure can be grouped into four general classes: (1) externalities, (2) public goods, (3) conflicts between buyers and sellers after an exchange, which stem from poor information and misrepresentation, and (4) monopoly.
Multiepoch Spectropolarimetry of SN 2011fe

NSF [AST-1210599]; NASA ADP grant [NNX10AD58G]; NASA/Fermi Guest Investigator grant [NNX09AU10G]; NSF grant [AST-1515559]; NSF of NOAO
Application of Distributed Agent-based Modeling to Investigate Opioid Use Outcomes in Justice Involved Populations

Criminal justice involved (CJI) individuals with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) are at high risk of overdose and death in the weeks following release from jail. We developed the Justice-Community Circulation Model (JCCM) to investigate OUD-CJI dynamics post-release and the effects of interventions on overdose deaths. The JCCM uses a synthetic agent-based model population of approximately 150,000 unique individuals that is generated using demographic information collected from multiple Chicago-area studies and data sets. We use a high-performance computing (HPC) workflow to implement a sequential approximate Bayesian computation algorithm for calibrating the JCCM. The calibration results in the simulated joint posterior distribution of the JCCM input parameters. The calibrated model is used to investigate the effects of a naloxone intervention for a mass jail release. The simulation results show the degree to which a targeted intervention focusing on recently released jail inmates can help reduce the risk of death from opioid overdose.
Immunoaffinity Purification and Functional Characterization of Interphase and Meiotic Drosophila Nuclear Lamin Isoforms

Three isoforms of a single nuclear lamin have been identified in Drosophila. Two, lamins Dm1 and Dm2, are present during interphase and are apparently in equilibrium with each other in vivo. The third, lamin Dmmit, is found in cells that have undergone nuclear envelope breakdown, either during meiosis or mitosis. All three isoforms were purified under nondenaturing conditions using a novel technique of immunoaffinity chromatography and their in vitro activities were examined. Interphase lamins Dm1 and Dm2 can assemble into filaments at physiologic ionic strength; assembly is reversible upon addition of concentrated NaCl. Negative staining of filaments formed in vitro shows long, unbranched bundles approximately 20 nm in diameter. Addition of specific antilamin antibodies blocks in vitro assembly completely. In contrast with lamins Dm1 and Dm2, lamin Dmmit remains soluble at physiologic ionic strength. These observations are consistent with the notion that lamina disassembly in vivo is due, at least in part, to changes in properties of the lamins themselves.
Performing Binary-Categorization on Multiple-Record Web Documents Using Information Retrieval Models and Application Ontologies

To retrieve Web documents of interest, most of the Web users rely on Web search engines. All existing search engines provide query facility for users to search for the desired documents using search-engine keywords. However, when a search engine retrieves a long list of Web documents, the user might need to browse through each retrieved document in order to determine which document is of interest. We observe that there are two kinds of problems involved in the retrieval of Web documents: (1) an inappropriate selection of keywords specified by the user; and (2) poor precision in the retrieved Web documents. In solving these problems, we propose an automatic binary-categorization method that is applicable for recognizing multiple-record Web documents of interest, which appear often in advertisement Web pages. Our categorization method uses application ontologies and is based on two information retrieval models, the Vector Space Model (VSM) and the Clustering Model (CM). We analyze and cull Web documents to just those applicable to a particular application ontology. The culling analysis (i) uses CM to find a virtual centroid for the records in a Web document, (ii) computes a vector in a multi-dimensional space for this centroid, and (iii) compares the vector with the predefined ontology vector of the same multi-dimensional space using VSM, which we consider the magnitudes of the vectors, as well as the angle between them. Our experimental results show that we have achieved an average of 90% recall and 97% precision in recognizing Web documents belonged to the same category (i.e., domain of interest). Thus our categorization discards very few documents it should have kept and keeps very few it should have discarded.
A Pairwise Naïve Bayes Approach to Bayesian Classification.

Despite the relatively high accuracy of the naive Bayes (NB) classifier, there may be several instances where it is not optimal, i.e. does not have the same classification performance as the Bayes classifier utilizing the joint distribution of the examined attributes. However, the Bayes classifier can be computationally intractable due to its required knowledge of the joint distribution. Therefore, we introduce a "pairwise naive" Bayes (PNB) classifier that incorporates all pairwise relationships among the examined attributes, but does not require specification of the joint distribution. In this paper, we first describe the necessary and sufficient conditions under which the PNB classifier is optimal. We then discuss sufficient conditions for which the PNB classifier, and not NB, is optimal for normal attributes. Through simulation and actual studies, we evaluate the performance of our proposed classifier relative to the Bayes and NB classifiers, along with the HNB, AODE, LBR and TAN classifiers, using normal density and empirical estimation methods. Our applications show that the PNB classifier using normal density estimation yields the highest accuracy for data sets containing continuous attributes. We conclude that it offers a useful compromise between the Bayes and NB classifiers.
Compliance in two medical centers with criteria for use of caspofungin and lipid-based amphotericin B.

PURPOSE: Patterns of use and compliance with guidelines for use of lipid-based amphotericin B (LBA) and caspofungin at two medical institutions were studied. METHODS: Charts of all adult patients receiving LBA or caspofungin or both in combination at the University of California at San Francisco Medical Center (UCSF) and the University of California at San Diego Medical Center (UCSD) between January 1 and October 22, 2001, were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 140 episodes of use of LBA, caspofungin, or the combination were identified at the two institutions. The primary indication for therapy with LBA was candidiasis (34% of episodes), whereas caspofungin and the drug combination were most commonly used for aspergillosis (43% and 71% of episodes, respectively). UCSF used the antifungal agents in accordance with its guidelines in 25% of the episodes of use and UCSD in 56%. Despite a higher qualifying serum creatinine (SCr) concentration for use of LBA at UCSF than at UCSD, the mean SCr concentration upon use was lower at UCSF. Among UCSF patients who did not meet the strict SCr criteria for use of either agent, most had concomitant renal failure as defined by a creatinine clearance of <25 mL/min, known risk factors for amphotericin B-associated nephrotoxicity, or breakthrough fungal infections while receiving alternative antifungal therapy. The UCSF pharmacy and therapeutics committee recommended that these factors be included in the indications for use of these agents. CONCLUSION: Compliance with criteria for use of LBA and caspofungin at two medical centers was inconsistent, probably because the initial criteria were insufficient in defining the conditions that justified the drugs' use.
Strontium Fluoride (SrF2)

Publisher Summary Strontium fluoride (SrF2) offers a wide range of transparency, from the ultraviolet to the long-wave infrared, with low reflectance loss and low dispersion. This combination of broad transparency and low dispersion is rare in optical-window materials used in infrared systems. SrF2 allows experimenters to conveniently perform initial system alignment in the visible and then switch to the infrared with only minor correction of the optical components. SrF2 also has good surface hardness and is not hygroscopic. It has a flexure strength between those of CaF2 and BaF2. It is a cubic crystal with the fluorite structure, space group Fm3m, with four formula units per unit cell. The atomic arrangement is strontium atoms occupy the 4(a) sites and the fluorine atoms occupy the 8(c) sites. Laser-calorimetry data indicates low-level absorption in roughly the middle of the transparency range of SrF2. The multiphonon absorption (multiple-quanta lattice vibrations) edge generally marks the end of infrared transparency.
Technetium polyphosphate bone scans in carcinoma of prostate

Technetium polyphosphate (99mTc) only recently has been used for bone scanning. In 30 patients with various stages of carcinoma of the prostate excellent imaging of bone was obtained. Its ease of usage and short half-life recommends its continued use.
Comments on "Simulation of large magnetic islands: A possible mechanism for a major tokamak disruption"

In this Comment it is established that the numerical results for the nonlinear evolution of the m = 2 tearing mode are affected by the density of the poloidal grid. A coarse grid gives results that are quantitatively and qualitatively incorrect. The important qualitative error is that with a coarse grid the growth of the width of the associated magnetic island is exponential rather than algebraic.
Two micron morphology of candidate protostars

Results of a deep near-infrared imaging survey of low-luminosity cold IRAS sources in the Taurus dark cloud are discussed. The images involved identify the compact sources energizing the IRAS sources, identify infrared nebulosity around numbers of the invisible sources, and reveal the large-scale (about 1000 to 10,000 AU) morphology of this nebulosity. Some of the invisible sources show a clear bipolar or monopolar morphology suggesting a close relation of the nebulosity with a bipolar mass outflow. It is concluded that the nebulosity is likely due to scattering of radiation from the central source by the dust associated with the mass outflow extending to the poles of a circumstellar dust disk.
Synthesis and carbohydrate-binding activity of poly(ethyl-eneglycol)-Ricinus communis agglutinin I conjugates

Abstract The synthesis of poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG)-lectin conjugates was investigated to provide new reagents for evaluation as biological response modifiers. PEG was activated with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), followed by conjugation with Ricinus communis I (RCAI) lectin. The resulting conjugates were heterodisperse with respect to molecular weight. Carbohydrate-binding activity was retained. The conjugates were separated by affinity chromatography into fractions differing in apparent carbohydrate-binding affinity. Conjugation of RCAI with PEG4 (mol.wt. 3350) or PEG 6 (mol.wt.8000) appeared to provide less hindrance of the lectin binding site compared to conjugates prepared with PEG 20 (mol.wt. 20 000). Results of free amine assays indicated that higher ratios of PEG to RCAI in conjugates correlated with loss of low-affinity binding and retention of high-affinity binding. The data showed the feasibility of preparing PEG-lectin conjugates for in vivo use.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SELF AND ENGINEERS BY MALE ENGINEERING STUDENTS

St~mmary.-124 entering engineering freshmen were administered he Adjective Checklist and used the same list of 300 adjectives ro describe engineers. Of the 37 scales 86% (or 32) showed significant diFFerences between the description of self and that for engineers. The students also described hemselves as significantly di£ferent from che normative college male group. Sixty percent of che sample was still enrolled in engineering three years larer. Findings from previous studies tend to support the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between personahty and career choice (Bogard, 1960; Bohn, 1966; Gs Hammond, 1956; Holland, 1963; Hollander & Parker, 1969, 1972; Ziegler, 1973). Some studies have confirmed a relationship between perceptions of self and stereotypes held for a particular occupation, e.g., engineering (Simmons, 19671, education (Englander, 1960), nursing (Pallone & Horsinski, 1966), and research scientists (Bendig & Hountras, 1958; Braun, 1962). Two major career development theories, Super's self-concept and Holland's six types of vocational orientations (Campbell & Holland, 1972; Hansen, 1992; Hansen & Johansson, 1972; Holland, 1973), are constructed around the premise that inhviduals attracted to a particular career are similar or perceive themselves as similar to the kinds of persons in the particular occupation or career. Super's (1951) self-concept theory formed the basis for Ziegler's (1973) study of 428 male college students in 39 majors using the Adjective Checust. He found that students described themselves and those in their field, i.e., major or area of interest, as similar on personality characteristics. Holland's theory formed the basis for Hollander and Parker's (1972) study of 54 adolescents using the Adjective Checklist to obtain self-descriptions and stereotypes held of occupations. They found chat stereotypes held were significantly related to self-descriptions. The authors proposed that "results suggested that occupational choice for adolescents were based in part on the degree of positive relationship between their self-descriptions and various occupational stereotypes held" (p. 57).
Two-dimensional calibration artifact and measurement methodology

In this paper we describe our design and the manufacturing of a 2D grid artifact of chrome on quartz on a 150 mm X 150 mm X 6.35 mm plate. The design has been agreed upon by a number of Semiconductor Equipment Manufacturers International participants working on a 2D grids calibration task force within the microlithography committee of SEMI. We present the measurement procedures and describe the algorithms used in the measurement process. We have procured a prototype artifact which is expected to be developed into a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) distributed standard reference material once the final design has been agree upon. We will present measurements made at leading industrial sites and develop a traceability chain based on these measurements in combination with NIST based measurements. The artifact has been measured on the NIST linescale interferometer as well as other NIST metrology tools. We will also present the status of the comparisons between these measurements and those performed by the industrial collaborators.
SU-C-BRE-06: Radiobiological Advantage of Very Rapid Irradiation

Purpose: To characterize the effect of very rapid dose delivery as compared to conventional therapeutic irradiation times on clonogenic cell survival. Methods: We used a Varian Trilogy linear accelerator to deliver doses up to 10 Gy using a 6 MV SRS photon beam. We irradiated four cancer cell lines in times ranging from 30 sec to 30 min. We also used a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator to deliver 9 MeV electrons at 10 Gy in 10 s to 30 min to determine the effect of irradiation time on cell survival. We then evaluated the effect of using 60 and 120 MeV electrons on cell survival using the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) beam line at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. During irradiation, adherent cells were maintained at 37oC with 20%O2/5%CO2. Clonogenic assays were completed following irradiation to determine changes in cell survival due to dose delivery time and beam quality, and the survival data were fitted with the linear-quadratic model. Results: Cell lines varied in radiosensitivity, ranging from two to four logs of cell kill at 10 Gy for both conventional and very rapid irradiation. Delivering radiation in shorter times decreased survival in all cell lines. Log differences inmore » cell kill ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 at 10 Gy for the short compared to the long irradiation time. Cell kill differences between short and long irradiations were more pronounced as doses increased for all cell lines. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that shortening delivery of therapeutic radiation doses to less than 1 minute may improve tumor cell kill. This study demonstrates the potential advantage of technologies under development to deliver stereotactic ablative radiation doses very rapidly. Bill Loo and Peter Maxim have received Honoraria from Varian and Research Support from Varian and RaySearch.« less
EINSTEIN: an internal driver in a time-sharing environment

EINSTEIN is an internal driver developed to evaluate the performance of a mixed-mode time sharing, batch operating system. It allows a single experimenter at a terminal to place an arbitrary, reproducible, interactive load on the system. Such a facility has numerous uses: system debugging and testing, benchmarking successive releases of a system, estimating system saturation points for different configurations, evaluating alternate processor and memory scheduling algorithms, etc. A task is defined either by specifying the values for a parameterized model of task behavior or by specifying the actual terminal input for the task, called the script. The parameterized model and the script-driven tasks are discussed in detail. An actual experience in which both types of EINSTEIN tasks were used to help isolate a reported performance degradation is related.
Modeling Institutional Production of Higher Education

Abstract The article examines the relative contributions of human and physical resources in the production of private undergraduate education. The research methods are noteworthy in three respects. First, the theoretical orientation emphasizes interdependence among inputs and outputs in higher education. The significance of simultaneity among quality students, faculty and institutional output is demonstrated via a three-stage least-squares technique. Second, the study introduces an output variable reflecting the quantity and quality of institutional production. Finally, the exclusive emphasis on private undergraduate institutions offers a well focused perspective for policy decisions in this area of higher education.
Association of colony variation in Serratia marcescens with the differential expression of protease and type 1 fimbriae

Several clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens were found to dissociate on peptone glycerol agar into colonies with red and pink or white and gray phenotypes that differ in the expression of proteolytic activity and mannose-sensitive type of hemagglutination. Colonies of red and white type were proteolytically active but did not express hemagglutination, whereas pink and gray colonies were protease-deficient but agglutinated guinea pig erythrocytes. Site-directed mutagenesis of a red laboratory strain S. marcescens SM6 resulted in selection of protease negative derivative prt::G7 which expressed the pink phenotype with hemagglutinating activity. It is suggested that a DNA-regulatory element may be involved in this type of colony variation.
Quiescence, fairness, testing, and the notion of implementation

Two different formalisms for concurrency are compared and are shown to have common foundations. The Input/Output automaton model and the theory of testing are analyzed in the framework of transition systems. The relationship between the fair and quiescent preorders of I/O automata is investigated and the two preorders are shown to coincide on a large class of automata. I/O automata are encoded into the theory of testing and the reversed MUST preorder is shown to be equivalent to the quiescent preorder for strongly convergent, finitely branching automata up to encoding. Conversely, a theory of testing is defined directly on I/O automata, and the new reversed MUST preorder is shown to coincide with the quiescent preorder on strongly convergent, finitely branching automata. Finally, some considerations are given on the issue of divergence, and on other existing theories with an I/O distinction.
Adaptive feedback techniques for synchronized multimedia retrieval over integrated networks

The authors have developed intermedia synchronization techniques for multimedia on-demand retrieval over integrated networks in the absence of global clocks. In these techniques, multimedia servers use lightweight messages called feedback units transmitted by media display sites (such as audiophones and videophones, generically referred to as mediaphones) to detect asynchronies among those sites. They present strategies by which the multimedia server can adaptively control the feedback transmission rate from that mediaphone, so as to minimize the associated overheads without permitting the asynchrony to exceed tolerable limits. They compare the performance of various resynchronization policies such as conservative, aggressive, and probabilistic. Performance evaluation of the feedback techniques indicates that their overheads are negligible; for a typical audio/video playback environment, the feedback frequency was about one in a hundred. >
sPLA2-IIa amplifies ocular surface inflammation in the experimental dry eye (DE) BALB/c mouse model.

Purpose. sPLA2-IIa is a biomarker for many inflammatory diseases in humans and is found at high levels in human tears. However, its role in ocular surface inflammation remains unclear. An experimentally induced BALB/c mouse dry eye (DE) model was used to elucidate the role of sPLA2-IIa in ocular surface inflammation.
Hair cortisol predicts object permanence performance in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Although high circulating levels of glucocorticoids are associated with impaired cognitive performance in adults, less is known about this relationship in infancy. Furthermore, because studies have relied on acute cortisol measures in blood plasma or saliva, interpretation of the results may be difficult as acute measures may in part reflect emotional responses to testing procedures. In this study we examined whether hair cortisol, an integrated measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning, predicted performance of nursery-reared (NR) infant rhesus monkeys (n = 32) on Piagetian object permanence tasks. Testing of NR infants began at 19.8 ± 2.2 (mean ± SE) days of age and continued for the next several months. Hair cortisol concentrations from the 32 NR monkeys were compared to those of 20 mother–peer-reared (MPR) infants. Hair was shaved at Day 14, allowed to regrow, and obtained again at month 6, thus representing integrated cortisol over a 5.5-month period of time. NR and MPR infants did not differ in month 6 hair cortisol values (t(50) = 0.02, p = 0.98). Linear regression revealed that hair cortisol predicted object permanence performance in the NR infants. Infants with higher hair cortisol reached criterion at later ages on the well (p < 0.01), screen (p < 0.05), and A-not-B (p < 0.05) tasks and required more test sessions to complete the well (p < 0.01) and screen tasks (p < 0.05). These data are the first to implicate hair cortisol as a reliable predictor of early cognitive performance in infant macaque monkeys. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 706–713, 2009
Impact response of a finite crack in a finite strip under anti-plane shear

Abstract The response of a through-the thickness crack with finite dimensions to impact in a finite elastic strip is investigated in this study. The elastic strip is assumed to be subjected to anti-plane shear deformation. Laplace and Fourier transform were used to formulate the mixed boundary value problem. The dynamic stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement are obtained as a function of time and the strip width to crack length ratio, h/a. The results indicate that the intensity of the crack-tip stress field reaches a peak very quickly and then decreases in magnitude oscillating about the static value. In general, the dynamic stress intensity factor is higher for small h/a . Similar behavior has also been found for the crack surface displacement.
Correlation of Dust and Ozone in the Stratosphere

THE vertical distribution of dust and ozone was measured on a series of five balloon flights over Minneapolis, Minnesota. The ozone detector was of the chemiluminescent variety, while the dust detector was a modified version of the one described previously by Rosen1. Both detectors were flown on the same balloon but were electrically and mechanically separated.
Plant growth inhibition by naphthoic acid esters

Abstract A series of alkyl esters of 1 - and 2-naphthoic acids and 1 - and 2-naphthaleneacetic acids were synthesized and tested for growth regulating activity
Studies on the thermal activation of iodotrimethylplatinum(IV) tetramer: hydrosilation catalyst generation from an inert precursor

Abstract Thermal decomposition of catalytically-inert iodotrimethylplatinum(IV) tetramer in the presence of olefin and organosilicon hydride substrates leads to soluble platinum catalysts that actively promote hydrosilation. Characterization of the complexes formed on tetramer decomposition and their relation to the active catalytic species is discussed.
Effect of starvation and insulin treatment on glycogen synthase D and synthase D phosphatase activity in rat heart.

We have previously shown that synthase phosphatase activity was decreased in starved animals and was rapidly restored by insulin administration (1). In order to determine whether the decreased phosphatase activity was due to a decrease in phosphatase enzyme per se or to a change in the substrate, synthase D, phosphatase activity has been determined using purified synthase D substrate. Using purified heart or liver synthase D, phosphatase activity was lower in extracts from starved animals than in fed animals. Insulin administration rapidly increased phosphatase activity in extracts from the starved animals. The total amount of endogenous synthase D which was convertible to synthase I was lower in extracts from starve animals, but this was rapidly increased within 15 minutes following insulin administration. These data suggest that starvation and insulin have a direct effect on the phosphatase enzyme activity per se and probably on the substrate suitability of synthase D as well.
High-performance liquid chromatography of proteins by gel permeation chromatography.

The ability of two high-performance liquid chromatography gel permeation columns to separate proteins was evaluated. These columns gave satisfactory molecular weight separations for some, but not all, proteins tested. These results indicate that there are limitations in confidence of molecular weight determinations made by this technique.
The role of radiation therapy in the management of the patient with IB carcinoma of the cervix.

Abstract From June 30, 1967, through June 30, 1977, 209 patients were treated with IB lesions; 55 of these patients were classified as having bulky, barrel-shaped tumors greater than 4 cm. These 55 patients had a conservative hysterectomy without pelvic lymphadenectomy after a modified radical radiation therapy course. The remainder of the patients had either definitive radiation therapy or radical surgery. The follow-up of all patients from one to ten years reveals excellent local tumor control with only four pelvic failures in the radiotherapy-surgery group and no local failures in the group treated with radiation therapy alone. The treatment program outlined for the 55 radiation therapy-surgery group is unique in three respects: (1) all patients received a maximum of 3000 rad total pelvic dose, (2) the dose delivered from intracavitary radium was 25 % less than that given in the radiation therapy alone group, and (3) the conservative hysterectomy was carried out immediately after the completion of the radiation therapy.
Preventive dentistry for the elderly.

SUMMARY Preventive dentistry for the elderly must be concerned with the four levels of prevention: initiation of disease, progression and recurrence, loss of function, and loss of life. The areas of greatest pertinence to the elderly are: caries, erosion and abrasion, periodontal disease, special considerations in restorative dentistry, oral cancer, systemic diseases with oral manifestations, and hazards within the dental office. The major problem in preventive dentistry has been the tendency by many practitioners to view it in a very narrow way, as essentially plaque control. I n many offices it is relegated to a separate alcove, taking on the trappings of a religious rite. To be effective, preventive dentistry has to be the philosophic base of a dental practice. Similarly, dentistry for the elderly should not be considered as the palliative treatment of terminal oral disease. We must recognize that there are a range of clinical entities and multiple levels of prevention as well as treatment. Elderly people have many needS. We have the capability of serving them with an ordered set of responses that recognize both the communality and the special aspects of their oral concerns.
Development of a Model for Excitability Studies using Xenopus Oocytes

Action potentials (AP) are basic functional units of electrical signaling in excitable cells. These electrical signals are involved in many biological processes, including muscle contraction, synaptic transmission and hormone release. In general, the plasma membrane is polarized, displaying a difference in electric potential (membrane potential) with a negative intracellular voltage with respect to the extracellular space. During an AP, the membrane potential is momentarily canceled (depolarized) or reverted (anti-polarized) by a inwardly-rectifying current typically mediated by sodium-selective voltage-gated channels (VGC); the membrane potential is returned back (repolarize) to its initial voltage (resting potential) by a outwardly-rectifying current mediated by potassium-selective VGC. The temporal and electrical characteristics of APs depend on which VGCs are present in the membrane. Understanding the role of VGCs in AP generation in their native cells constitutes a difficult task, commonly riddled with the use of pharmacological agents to isolate each specific conductance. Here, we have developed a model to study cellular excitability using Xenopus oocytes. Spontaneous and evoked APs were readily recorded from oocytes expressing Nav1.4, Drosophila Kv1.1 (Shaker), human Kv7.2 and Kv7.3. These APs were around 5-ms long. However, in the absence of Shaker, the AP lasted about 50 ms. These observations indicated that we were able to modify the temporal characteristic of APs by removing the fast-activating Shaker. To further validate this model, we used the Kv7.2-7.3 agonist diclofenac seeking to decrease excitability. The addition of diclofenac drove the resting potential to more negative voltages and raised the threshold for excitation, effectively decreasing excitability. These results constitute proof of concept showing that this type of models can be used as functional scaffolds for the evaluation of pharmacological agents and the assessment of the effect of mutations in VGCs on the generation of bioelectrical signals.
Removal of an infected right atrial mass in a patient with sickle cell disease

The use of indwelling central catheters for hyperalimentation, chemotherapy, and long-term venous access is increasing. We report the successful removal of an infected right atrial mass associated with the use of a central catheter in an adult with sickle cell disease. The clinical options for the treatment of infected atrial thrombus as well as the challenge of performing cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with sickle cell disease are briefly discussed.
A Vapochromic Photodiode

A sandwich composed from indium−tin oxide, an electrodeposited hole transport layer, a layer of a stacked platinum complex, and an aluminum electrode acted as a photodiode. Exposure of the sandwich to organic vapors changed the color of the platinum complex and changed the action spectrum of the photodiode.
Mesoscale analysis of volumetric and surface dissipation in granular explosive induced by uniaxial deformation waves

A Lagrangian finite and discrete element technique, combined with a finite deformation, thermo-elastic-viscoplastic, and stick-slip friction theory, is used to computationally examine volumetric and surface dissipation within the meso-structure of granular explosive (HMX, C4H8N8O8) induced by uniaxial deformation waves. Emphasis is placed on characterizing the fraction of mass heated to elevated temperature (referred to as hot-spot mass fraction) by quasi-steady waves due to plastic and friction work and its dependence on wave strength. Predictions for a large, randomly packed ensemble of HMX particles having a solid volume fraction of 0.85 and a mean diameter of 60 μm show that plastic work principally affects the average temperature, whereas friction work affects the high frequency, high-temperature fluctuations that are likely responsible for combustion initiation. Cumulative distributions for hot-spot mass within the wave indicate that most mass (~99.9%) is heated to approximately 330, 400, and 500 K by plastic work for impact speeds of 50, 250, and 500 m/s, respectively, with a small fraction (~0.001%) heated to 600, 1,100, and 1,400 K by friction work. The hot-spot mass fraction induced by plastic work is well described by a Gamma distribution, though significant departures occur in the high-temperature end of the distribution due to friction work, even at higher impact speeds. Consequently, it is not possible to describe hot-spot mass fraction curves by a single classical distribution function. Implications of the predicted hot-spot mass fraction on granular HMX combustion are discussed.
Persistence of inhibitory activity against normal bone-marrow cells during remission of acute leukemia.

Abstract Bone-marrow cells from patients with acute leukemia in remission were tested for their capacity to produce a substance (leukemia-associated inhibitory activity, LIA) that inhibits the formation of granulocyte and macrophage colonies in cultures of normal, but not of leukemic, bone marrow. LIA was detected in extracts of whole marrow in only eight of 83 patients in remission. However, extracts of slowly sedimenting cells, separated by velocity sedimentation from the marrows of eight patients in remission whose whole marrow had produced no LIA, produced inhibitory material in all cases. Extracts of the more rapidly sedimenting cells from these marrows contained an inactivator of LIA. Three of six patients in remission whose unfractionated marrow was unresponsive to LIA had a subpopulation of colony-forming cells that was sensitive to the inhibitor. These observations suggest that certain cellular functions do not completely return to normal during remission of acute leukemia. (N Engl J Med 301:346–...
Four-space hyperfluid flow as a model of electromagnetism

Abstract A formal model of the electromagnetic field, which is based upon the equations of ordinary three-space incompressible, inviscid, rotational fluid flow, is introduced. This model is a four-space theory which, however, reduces to the three-space picture of fluid flow in any three-dimensional subspace of four-space. It is for this reason that the entity considered by the model is called a four-space hyperfluid. Vector operations and fluid concepts are defined in four-space according to their reduction to customary concepts in three-space. It is found that if the electromagnetic field four-potential is considered to be the velocity potential for the four-fluid, the electromagnetic field arises as the rotational flow of this fluid. Two of Maxwell's equations arise from the four-space identity div curl A = 0, and the other two arise from curl curl A , provided charge and current are considered to be regions of four-space flow vorticity. The energy-momentum relations of the electromagnetic field arise from considering the forces associated with vortex flow of the fluid in any three-subspace. The model is not an ether theory since electromagnetic radiation arises from the space metric and not from any assumed compressional or inertial properties of the fluid. The model is not related to the flow of a relativistic fluid because the velocity is a second-rank tensor and not a vector field.
Major depressive disorder during pregnancy and emotional attachment to the fetus

While there is good evidence that depression negatively impacts mother-to-infant emotional attachment in the postpartum period, the impact of depression in pregnancy on maternal emotions and cognitions about the fetus (often termed “maternal–fetal attachment” or MFA) is unclear. This study compared MFA scores from women meeting clinical criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with scores from nondepressed women. Participants were 161 women enrolled at 23–36 weeks gestation, of whom 65 met criteria for MDD via the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV-TR during their second and/or third trimesters. Cranley’s Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale was administered at 26 and 36 weeks gestation. Generalized linear modeling was used to assess the effect of MDD, anxiety, and antidepressant use on MFA. MDD was negatively related to MFA (LR) = 4.58, df = 1, p < 0.04). Neither anxiety (LR = 0.22, p < 0.64), nor antidepressant use (LR = 0.20, df = 1, p < 0.66) were related to MFA. Depression severity was negatively related to MFAS scores (B = −0.005, SE = .002, p < 0.0012) when including the interaction of MDD group and HRSD scores in the model. This study is the first to demonstrate that clinically defined MDD during pregnancy negatively impacts MFA, suggesting that the basis for poor mother-to-infant attachment in postpartum MDD may have roots in pregnancy.
Random walk model of impact phenomena

Abstract A model of the permanent distortion of an elastic material due to high velocity projectile impact is described using a random walk model, with unusual temporal statistics, of the transport of dislocations. The biased motion of dislocations in a stress field and also in a random environment is considered. A temperature dependence for certain scaling exponents is derived. The experimentally observed scaling of the total integrated momentum as well as the scaling of the penetration and strength of the shock wave with time are obtained with this model.
Electron propagator studies of vertical electron detachment energies and isomerism in purinic deoxyribonucleotides

Electron propagator calculations in the Partial Third Order Approximation were performed on major and minor conformational isomers of 2′-deoxyriboadenosine 5′-monophosphate (dAMP−) and 2′-deoxyriboguanosine 5′-monophosphate (dGMP−). Resulting vertical electron detachment energies (VEDEs) correspond extremely well with the experimental values available from the literature. The first VEDE in dGMP− is caused by electron detachment from the guanine moiety and is well separated from the rest of the spectrum. The offset of the ionization band in the case of dAMP− is caused by two, almost degenerate detachments, one from the phosphate group and another from the adenine π1 molecular orbital. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Colonic Ileus and Cecal Perforation in Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilatory Support

Massive colonic distention associated with neither small intestinal dilatation nor distal obstruction of the colon occurred in seven patients who were requiring mechanical ventilatory support. In three of these patients, perforation of the cecum was the first sign of their having colonic ileus. The high incidence of perforation in this series and the common factor of mechanical ventilation suggests a causal relationship which has not been noted previously.