cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Worm burden-dependent disruption of the porcine colon microbiota by Trichuris suis infection.

Helminth infection in pigs serves as an excellent model for the study of the interaction between human malnutrition and parasitic infection and could have important implications in human health. We had observed that pigs infected with Trichuris suis for 21 days showed significant changes in the proximal colon microbiota. In this study, interactions between worm burden and severity of disruptions to the microbial composition and metabolic potentials in the porcine proximal colon microbiota were investigated using metagenomic tools. Pigs were infected by a single dose of T. suis eggs for 53 days. Among infected pigs, two cohorts were differentiated that either had adult worms or were worm-free. Infection resulted in a significant change in the abundance of approximately 13% of genera detected in the proximal colon microbiota regardless of worm status, suggesting a relatively persistent change over time in the microbiota due to the initial infection. A significant reduction in the abundance of Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus indicated a change in the fibrolytic capacity of the colon microbiota in T. suis infected pigs. In addition, ∼10% of identified KEGG pathways were affected by infection, including ABC transporters, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis as well as α-linolenic acid metabolism. Trichuris suis infection modulated host immunity to Campylobacter because there was a 3-fold increase in the relative abundance in the colon microbiota of infected pigs with worms compared to naive controls, but a 3-fold reduction in worm-free infected pigs compared to controls. The level of pathology observed in infected pigs with worms compared to worm-free infected pigs may relate to the local host response because expression of several Th2-related genes were enhanced in infected pigs with worms versus those worm-free. Our findings provided insight into the dynamics of the proximal colon microbiota in pigs in response to T. suis infection.
Controlling power systems with price signals

This paper revisits the possibility of controlling the power system entirely by means of price signals. It expands on notions introduced in an earlier paper and addresses several unresolved issues: problems with linear cost structures, response delays, varying costs, market power and stability problems caused by market/system interactions. The results suggest that control by price can, in fact, be made to work with some caveats.
Chromophobe Cell Renal Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Features of 50 Cases

AbstractPurpose: We review the clinicopathological features of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma.Materials and Methods: Cases were identified by reviewing the histology of all renal neoplasms resected between 1977 and 1990. Clinical data were obtained by chart review.Results: Of 50 cases a majority (53 percent) were discovered incidentally and most (86 percent) were stage I. Typical pathological findings included the presence of 2 cell types (pale and eosinophilic), reactivity for Hale's colloidal iron, ultrastructural cytoplasmic vesicles and deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy. At last followup 47 patients (94 percent) were tumor-free or dead of unrelated causes. Survival was similar in patients with clear cell carcinoma of similar grade and stage.Conclusions: Chromophobe cell carcinoma is a morphologically distinctive neoplasm with a favorable prognosis. Distinction from renal oncocytoma is important.
Effects of chloride on the adsorption, orientation and polymerization of 1-octyne-3-ol on iron

Abstract Chloride ions exhibit a pronounced effect on the adsorption and reorientation of 1-octyne-3-ol on iron from acid solutions. The adsorption inhibition of octynol by Cl − gives rise to thinner adsorption layers suggesting a strong competitive adsorption mechanism. The orientation transition is shifted toward longer times with a stronger adsorption of octynol in the upright orientation. The rate of growth of the polymer layers is unaffected by the presence of Cl −1 ions.
Time Resolved Frequency Comb Spectroscopy for Studying Gas Phase Free Radical Kinetics

We report the development of a novel technique, mid-Infrared Time Resolved Frequency Comb Spectroscopy (TRFCS) for the high sensitivity, broad-band, detection of trace free radicals and reactive intermediates in gas phase, and the study of their reaction kinetics in real-time.
Physical function and health status in aging Puerto Rican adults: the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.

Objectives: This article describes physical function in Puerto Rican older adults and examines associations between health status and physical function. It also assesses relationships between physical function and disability. Method: This study uses a cross-sectional study of Puerto Ricans 45 to 75 years in Boston (N = 1,357). Measures included performance-based physical function (handgrip strength, walking speed, balance, chair stands, foot tapping), health conditions (obesity, diabetes, depressive symptomatology, history of heart disease, heart attack, stroke, and arthritis), and self-reported disability (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living). Results: Older women (60-75 years) had the poorest physical function. Poor physical function was associated with obesity, diabetes, depression, history of heart attack, stroke, and arthritis, after adjusting for age, sex, education, income, and lifestyle (p < .05). Physical function and disability were correlated (p < .01). Discussio...
Long-Range Correlations in Nonequilibrium Fluidsa

: Simple fluids with short-range atomic forces at equilibrium exhibit long-range correlations only at thermodynamic critical points. In contrast, the same fluids have long-range correlations for a wide class of nonequilibrium states. The mechanism behind such nonequilibrium correlations is described here briefly, both from linear response methods and from kinetic theory.
The vaporization thermodynamics of rubidium iodide as determined by mass-loss Knudsen effusion and mass spectrometry☆

Abstract The vaporization of RbI(s or l) has been investigated over the temperature range 750 to 936 K by mass spectroscopy, mass-loss Knudsen effusion, and X-ray powder diffraction. The vapor phase in equilibrium with RbI(s or l) consists of RbI(g) and Rb2I2(g). Thermodynamic values were determined for the following: RbI(s) = RbI(g), reaction (1); 2RbI(s) = Rb2I2(g), reaction (2); 2RbI(g) = Rb2I2(g), reaction (3). From the slopes and intercepts, the following standard enthalpy and entropy changes with associated standard deviations were derived at the median temperature 843 K: for reaction (1), ΔHo = (43.40±0.44) kcalth mol−1 and ΔSo = (30.34±0.52) calth K−1 mol−1; for reaction (3), ΔHo = (51.29±0.45) kcalth mol−1 and ΔSo = (34.60±0.54) calth K−1 mol−1; for reaction (3), ΔHo = −(35.52±0.44) kcalth mol−1 and ΔSo = −(26.10±0.52) calth K−1 mol−1. Based on the values at their median temperature the calculated values at 298.15 K are as follows: for reaction (1), ΔHo = (45.72±0.42) kcalth mol−1 and ΔSo = (34.63±0.50) calth K−1 mol−1; for reaction (2), ΔHo = 54.84±0.42) kcalth mol−1 and ΔSo = (41.10±0.50) cal K−1 mol−1; for reaction (3), ΔHo = −(36.59±0.44) kcalth mol−1 and ΔSo = −(28.16±0.53) calth K−1 mol−1. By use of the third-law procedure, the following ΔHo values were derived at 298.15 K: for (1), (46.85±0.15)kcalth mol−1; for (2), (56.82±0.19) kcalth mol−1; for (3), −(36.88±0.14) kcalth mol−1. The thermodynamic values are compared with previously determined values.
Pheromone reception: A complex map of activation in the brain

Recent studies of the projection pattern made by sensory neurons involved in mammalian pheromone reception have shown that there is a map of activation in the brain, but this pheromone map appears far more complex than the equivalent map in the main olfactory system responsible for the sense of smell.
Thermal conductance through discrete quantum channels

We have observed a quantized limiting value of the thermal conductance for each propagating phonon channel in a one-dimensional (1D), ballistic phonon waveguide: g_0=π^2k_B^2T/3h. To achieve this we have developed nanostructures with full three-dimensional relief that incorporate integral thermometers and heaters. These devices are comprised of an isolated thermal reservoir (phonon cavity) suspended above the sample substrate by four narrow insulating beams (phonon waveguides) with lateral dimensions ∼100 nm. We employ DC SQUID noise thermometry to measure the temperature of the phonon cavity non-perturbatively. Direct electrical contact from the suspended nanostructure to the room-temperature environment, crucial for these experiments, is attained by means of a very significant level of electrical filtering. These first experiments provide access to the mesoscopic regime for phonons, and open intriguing future possibilities for exploring thermal transport in very small systems. We are currently adapting and improving the ultrasensitive, extremely low dissipation DC SQUID techniques utilized in this work toward the ultimate goal of detecting individual thermal phonons.
A uniqueness theorem for a class of nonlinear parabolic inverse problems

For the inverse problem of finding u and a(s)>0 which satisfy ut=a(u)uxx, 0 0, provided that the data satisfy certain conditions.
Geometric mechanics and the dynamics of asteroid pairs

The purpose of this paper is to describe the general setting for the application of techniques from geometric mechanics and dynamical systems to the problem of asteroid pairs. The paper also gives some preliminary results on transport calculations and the associated problem of calculating binary asteroid escape rates. The dynamics of an asteroid pair, consisting of two irregularly shaped asteroids interacting through their gravitational potential is an example of a full-body problem or FBP in which two or more extended bodies interact. One of the interesting features of the binary asteroid problem is that there is coupling between their translational and rotational degrees of freedom. General FBPs have a wide range of other interesting aspects as well, including the 6-DOF guidance, control, and dynamics of vehicles, the dynamics of interacting or ionizing molecules, the evolution of small body, planetary, or stellar systems, and almost any other problem in which distributed bodies interact with each other or with an external field. This paper focuses on the specific case of asteroid pairs using techniques that are generally applicable to many other FBPs. This particular full two-body problem (F2BP) concerns the dynamical evolution of two rigid bodies mutually interacting via a gravitational field. Motivation comes from planetary science, where these interactions play a key role in the evolution of asteroid rotation states and binary asteroid systems. The techniques that are applied to this problem fall into two main categories. The first is the use of geometric mechanics to obtain a description of the reduced phase space, which opens the door to a number of powerful techniques, such as the energy-momentum method for determining the stability of equilibria and the use of variational integrators for greater accuracy in simulation. Second, techniques from computational dynamic systems are used to determine phase space structures that are important for transport phenomena and dynamic evolution.
Glioblastoma multiforme in a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: investigating a possible oncogenic influence of human immunodeficiency virus on glial cells

Malignant glioma is the most common primary brain neoplasm, but generally it is not included in the differential diagnosis of enhancing lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) in patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We report a case of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in a 29-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Primary CNS lymphoma was suspected, making a definitive histological diagnosis crucial. An initial stereotactic biopsy sample was insufficient to establish a diagnosis and a second biopsy of the lesion was obtained. The histopathological investigation confirmed GBM and adjuvant external radiation treatment was given to the patient, who survived for 4 months after the initial biopsy. A decline in the rate of Toxoplasma infection and the changing diseases observed in HIV infection indicate the importance of obtaining a biopsy in cases of CNS mass lesions.
Incorporating the Language Laboratory into the Classroom at the Advanced Level

Studies on second language acquisition seem to indicate that listening and reading activities play a far more significant role in the development of fluency in a foreign language than do oral drills. In the early stages of language learning, assignments in the language laboratory complement classroom instruction with drills designed to reinforce grammar and develop linguistic competence. Upper division offerings, on the other hand, rarely coordinate language lab materials with classroom instruction. The technique outlined in this paper draws on the use of a wide variety of recorded language materials in conjunction with a structured format for developing fluency at the advanced level.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are associated with right ventricular structure and function: The MESA-RV Study

Elevated resistance and reduced compliance of the pulmonary vasculature increase right ventricular (RV) afterload. Local and systemic inflammation and haemostatic abnormalities are prominent in pulmonary vascular diseases. We hypothesized that plasma biomarker levels indicating greater inflammation and coagulability associated with pulmonary vascular disease would be associated with RV structure and function measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) performed cardiac MRI among participants aged 45–84 years without clinical cardiovascular disease. We assessed the associations of RV mass, RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), RV stroke volume (RVSV) and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) with plasma measures of inflammation (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -9, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R1), and E-selectin) and thrombosis (plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, tissue factor, tissue factor pathway inh...
Chromosome Studies on Marshall Islanders Exposed to Fallout Radiation

Cytogenetic studies of blood lymphocytes of Marshall Islanders, 10 years after their exposure to radiation from fallout in 1954, show chromosome-type aberrations in 23 of 43 exposed persons. Half the aberrations are of the exchange type. An unexpectedly large number of acentric fragments, but no exchange-type aberrations, appear in a few unexposed people on the same island.
Poliovirus Movement During High Rate Land Filtration of Sewage Water

Research with soil columns that are good models of a field ground water recharge system showed that most polioviruses are held near the soil surface. Secondary sewage effluent seeded with poliovirus type 1 (LSc) was filtered through 250-cm columns packed with calcareous sand from an area in the Salt River bed that is used for ground water recharging of secondary sewage effluent. When the concentration of poliovirus added to the sewage water was increased from 0.9 × 10² to 2.6 × 10⁴ PFU/ml, the number of viruses detected at each soil depth increased with the increasing virus concentration in the sewage water. However, the percentage of added viruses that remained at each depth was about the same for each concentration. The differences in the strength of the negative charge among members of a given viral population could account for the adsorption of some viruses near the soil surface while others move farther through the profile. Increasing the flow rate from 0.6 to 1.2 m/day caused a virus breakthrough of <1% of the added virus. However, 99% of the viruses still were removed from the infiltrating water at flow rates as high as 12 m/day. The velocity of water movement through the soil may be the single most important factor affecting the depth of virus penetration.
Characteristics of Biofuel from the Torrefied Bamboo by Microwave Heating

Six major domestic bamboos in Taiwan were thermally treated under the limited oxygen condition at the lower temperature than 300°C. This process is called torrefaction to promote the physical and chemical characteristics of bomass. Based on the evaluation of the heating efficiency and energy conservation, microwave heating method was chosen to torrefy bamboo. After the torrefaction, the water content, the hemicellulose and the extraction with lower Caloric value in bamboo were removed to improve the energy density of the bamboo and its grindability was enhanced. Especially, the Caloric value of torrefied Ma bamboo at 290°C was increased 48% up to 6912 Kcal/Kg. Therefore, the toerrefaction using the microwave heating is a suitable method to transfer the bamboo to biofuel with higher Caloric value.
Strömungsverhalten Nicht-Newtonscher Fluide unter dem Einfluß eines Magnetfeldes und eines elektrischen Feldes

Es wird der Einflus eines Magnetfeldes und eines elektrischen Feldes auf die stationare, laminare Couettestromung Nicht-Newtonscher Fluide, die dem Prandtlschen Reibungsgesetz oder dem Potenzgesetz von Ostwald—de Waele folgen, untersucht. Fur den Verlauf der Schubspannung, der Geschwindigkeit, des Druckes, der magnetischen Feldstarke sowie der elektrischen Stromdichte werden analytische Ergebnisse mitgeteilt und mit denen der Stromung eines Newtonschen Fluids verglichen.
In vitro response of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis to sera from immune channel catfish

Sera from channel catfish rendered immune to the protozoan pathogen Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were screened for activity against live parasites. Cells in the infective stage (tomites) were incubated in doubling dilutions of immune and pre-immune sera from fish that had been immunized by exposure to sublethal infections. When examined by light microscopy, tomites were found to agglutinate in the presence of immune sera. While the stength of individual sera varied, agglutination of cells occurred at dilutions as high as 1:128. Cells showed little tendency to agglutinate in pre-immune sera, and virtually no effects were seen with dilutions of pre-immune sera greater than 1:16. Agglutination was usually accompanied by release of mucus from cells, and while tomites appeared to be immobilized, their cilia continued to beat. Low dilutions of immune sera appeared to be toxic. Similar effects on tomites were seen with rabbit antisera prepared against Ichthyophthirius cilia. The involvement of humoral antibodies in agglutination and protective immunity is discussed.
Extremely correlated Fermi-liquid description of normal-state ARPES in cuprates

Angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) was the first probe to provide a detailed view of the anomalous nature of high temperature cuprate superconductors, discovering unexpectedly broad spectra with intense and asymmetric tails that have remained an enduring mystery for the last two decades. Conventional data taken with high energy (* 15 eV) photons from synchrotron light sources have recently been supplemented with laser ARPES data [1,2] from lower energy (6 or 7 eV) sources. The latter show considerably sharper features near the Fermi energy. A drastic possibility to account for this distinction is that the sudden approximation could break down for the smaller photon energies used in laser ARPES [3]. An important unanswered question is whether the results of the two spectroscopies could be reconciled in a single theoretical framework that does not abandon the sudden approximation. More broadly, can we understand the wide variety of observed lines shapes in a theoretical framework with a sound microscopic basis and a single set of parameters? In this Letter, we confront a recent theory of extremely correlated Fermi liquids (ECFL) proposed by Shastry [4] with the above challenge. The new formalism is complex and requires considerable further effort to yield numerical results in low dimensions. In the limit of high enough dimensions, however, a remarkably simple expression for the Green’s function emerges; it is significantly different from the standard Fermi-liquid Dyson form, while satisfying the usual sum rules. We use this simple version of ECFL Green’s function in this Letter, motivated by the attractive spectral shapes produced with very few parameters [4]. In this Letter we show that already the simplest version of the ECFL theory, with very few parameters, is very successful in detailed fitting of a wide variety of normal-state cuprate ARPES line shapes. Interesting predictions are made for the higher temperature spectral line skew.
Plan-based interfaces: keeping track of user tasks and acting to cooperate

The ability to reason about the activity of a user is crucial to the implementation of any Intelligent User Interface. If it is able to recognize what a user is doing, a computer can act to cooperate. Most computer systems limit themselves to command-response interactions-their trivial understandings of their users cannot support a more complicated interaction. However, by looking at the tasks that their users are performing and reasoning about sequences of actions, a computer system can provide a more interesting level of interaction that is more efficient and does not demand as much of its users. Furthermore, the understanding of the user's activity provides a context within which to better understand future actions and to tune the sensing systems to look and listen for the actions that the user is most likely to take next. Finally, in many domains, such computer systems can recognize user tasks and act to cooperate without requiring a deep, goal-oriented understanding. In this paper, we look at the process-based interface used in the Intelligent Classroom, focusing on how a human lecturer can control it by simply going about her presentation. Also, we look at how the general ideas have been adapted to Jabberwocky, a speech-based interface to Microsoft PowerPoint that automatically switches slides, and how they are being applied to extend the functionality of Watson, an autonomous web research tool that uses the document a user is viewing as a search context.
Vortex excitations in the Weinberg-Salam theory

It is shown that, in the Weinberg-Salam theory, there are metastable states in which the Higgs field is expelled from the interior of a torus by a trapped quantum of the $Z$ field. Called "vorticons," they are scalar particles that decay via the decay modes of the $Z$. A variational calculation estimates the mass to be of the order of 3000 ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c}}^{2}$. The "macroscopic" vortex rings, in which the trapped $Z$ field is so strong that it becomes classical, are not even metastable; they tend to collapse into vorticons.
Identification of Peptide and Protein Ligands for the Caveolin-scaffolding Domain IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INTERACTION OF CAVEOLIN WITH CAVEOLAE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS

Caveolin, a 21-24-kDa integral membrane protein, is a principal component of caveolae membranes. We have suggested that caveolin functions as a scaffolding protein to organize and concentrate certain caveolin-interacting proteins within caveolae membranes. In this regard, caveolin co-purifies with a variety of lipid-modified signaling molecules, including G-proteins, Src-like kinases, Ha-Ras, and eNOS. Using several independent approaches, it has been shown that a 20-amino acid membrane proximal region of the cytosolic amino-terminal domain of caveolin is sufficient to mediate these interactions. For example, this domain interacts with G-protein α subunits and Src-like kinases and can functionally suppress their activity. This caveolinderived protein domain has been termed the caveolin-scaffolding domain. However, it remains unknown how the caveolin-scaffolding domain recognizes these molecules. Here, we have used the caveolin-scaffolding domain as a receptor to select random peptide ligands from phage display libraries. These caveolin-selected peptide ligands are rich in aromatic amino acids and have a characteristic spacing in many cases. A known caveolin-interacting protein, Gi2α, was used as a ligand to further investigate the nature of this interaction. Gi2α and other G-protein α subunits contain a single region that generally resembles the sequences derived from phage display. We show that this short peptide sequence derived from Gi2α interacts directly with the caveolin-scaffolding domain and competitively inhibits the interaction of the caveolin-scaffolding domain with the appropriate region of Gi2α. This interaction is strictly dependent on the presence of aromatic residues within the peptide ligand, as replacement of these residues with alanine or glycine prevents their interaction with the caveolin-scaffolding domain. In addition, we have used this interaction to define which residues within the caveolin-scaffolding domain are critical for recognizing these peptide and protein ligands. Also, we find that the scaffolding domains of caveolins 1 and 3 both recognize the same peptide ligands, whereas the corresponding domain within caveolin-2 fails to recognize these ligands under the same conditions. These results serve to further demonstrate the specificity of this interaction. The implications of our current findings are discussed regarding other caveolin- and caveolae-associated proteins.
Interspecies competition in colonized porous pellets

Abstract Packed-bed bioreactors filled with diatomaceous earth (D.E.) pellets were used to evaluate the effects of competition between inoculated and invading microbial species on the spatial and temporal distribution of microorganisms within an individual pellet. The (D.E.) pellets were cylinders 6 mm in diameter and 5–10 mm long with a mean pore diameter of 20 μm. Bench-scale experiments evaluated competition between two distinct microbial species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa , a motile, obligate aerobe ( μ max = 0.4 h −1 ) and Klebsiella pneumoniae , a non-motile, facultative organism ( μ max = 2.0 h −1 ). Organism growth rate appeared to be more important than motility or order of introduction in determining organism spatial and temporal distribution within the pellets. Pilot-scale experiments used pellets colonized with a pseudomonad growing on chlorobenzene as the sole carbon and energy source. Organic-rich ground water containing benzene, chlorobenzene and a population of indigenous microorganisms was used as feed. Pellet concentrations of the inoculated pseudomonad dropped from 10 9 to 10 6 colony forming units (cfu) ml −1 pellet volume over 15 days. These experiments demonstrate that inoculated organisms within porous packing media may undergo significant loss in colonization numbers when faced with competition from faster growing organisms.
Hybrid Trans-thoracic Esophagectomy with Side-to-Side Stapled Intra-thoracic Esophagogastric Anastomosis for Esophageal Cancer

Esophagectomy is the primary treatment modality for non-metastatic esophageal cancer. A trans-thoracic approach is used in most centers in the United States. Anastomotic complications, such as leakage and stricture, are associated with worse short-term and long-term outcomes. Recent data suggest that a side-to-side mechanical intra-thoracic esophagogastric anastomosis is associated with a reduced rate of anastomotic leaks and strictures. This article describes the technique of trans-thoracic hybrid esophagectomy with side-to-side intra-thoracic esophagogastric anastomosis for esophageal cancer.
Nanostructured Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Derived from Nanosized Zinc Oxide Precursors

A facile method for the large scale transformation of ZnO nanocrystals into the corresponding nanocrystals of a zeolitic imidazolate framework was demonstrated. The methodology based on this nanoscale-facilitated transformation can be adapted to synthesize zeolitic imidazolate framework films on versatile substrates through the transformation from ZnO nanoscopic films derived from chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or solution growth.
Effects of dietary lipid on the hematology of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Juvenile channel catfish were fed diets containing either soybean oil, menhaden oil, beef tallow, or a combination of these three lipid sources. After 90 days, total erythrocyte, leucocyte, and thrombocyte counts, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, plasma recalcification time, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, total serum iron, and iron-binding capacity were measured. Total erythrocyte counts, leucocyte counts, and mean corpuscular volume were not significantly different (P < 0.05) among dietary groups. However, fish fed the menhaden oil diet had significantly lower (P < 0.05) hematocrits, higher thrombocyte counts, and higher serum iron concentrations. They also had the highest concentration of n − 3 fatty acids in the pronephros tissue and their erythrocytes were the least susceptible to osmotic lysis. Catfish fed the beef tallow diet had the lowest level of n − 3 fatty acids in pronephros tissue and their erythrocytes were the most susceptible to osmotic lysis. Results suggest that dietary lipids affect several hematological factors of cultured channel catfish.
Generalized eikonal approximation, impact phase averaging, and multiple hard collisions

Abstract The phase averaging procedure is developed in detail to give a systematic treatment of the high-energy scattering amplitudes in the eikonal approximation. Close connection between the eikonal approximation and the phase averaging is stressed. A generalized form of the propagator modification is proposed which approximately incorporates all the quadratic terms in the internal line momenta; amplitudes of the Glauber-type, in which the impact phases are evaluated along the average momentum, are shown to follow as special cases. In an attempt to improve the eikonal approximation at large angles, the amplitudes with double-hard collisions are derived, where the role of propagators is emphasized. Extensions of the formalism to relativistic case of scalar particle-scalar coupling are considered only in the generalized ladder approximation. Essential differences between the symmetrized and the DWBA amplitudes are pointed out.
The Effect of Lergotrile on Calactorrhea and Gonadotropin Secretion

Lergotrile (Compound 83636), a specific inhibitor of prolactin release, was administered to 5 women with galactorrhea. Only 1 of the 5 had an elevated serum prolactin (hPRL) value, but Compound 83636 induced a decrease in serum hPRL in all cases. All patients had cessation of breast secretion within 72 days after initiation of lergotrile. LRH administration (100 µg) evoked a variable gonadotropin response before and during treatment with the ergot alkaloid. By contrast, serum prolactin values remained essentially unaltered after injection of LRH under the same conditions. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 40: 830, 1975)
Face detection technique based on rotation invariant wavelet features

A rotation and scale invariant face detection algorithm based on the texture of a human face is proposed. Wavelet packet analysis is performed on the test image to get the coefficients. It is observed that wavelet packet decomposition until third level is sufficient enough to get the necessary frequencial components essential for classifying faces and nonfaces. Rotation invariant textural features are extracted from the wavelet coefficients. A scale invariant distance measure between the feature vectors of each of the candidate faces and the prototype face image is proposed to classify the candidate faces into faces and nonfaces. The detection process implements a nonlinear luminance based lighting compensation method, which is very efficient in enhancing and restoring the natural colors into the images taken in darker and varying lighting environments. The novel detection process proposed is highly efficient in terms of speed and accuracy in detecting frontal view faces in a complex background. The face detection performance of the proposed system is comparable to other reported leading systems.
Maximally Recommended Doses of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Do Not Completely Prevent ACE-Mediated Formation of Angiotensin II in Chronic Heart Failure

Background—The added benefits of angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1) blockers (ARBs) to ACE inhibition suggests that recommended doses of ACE inhibitors provide only partial inhibition of ACE in chronic heart failure (CHF). Accordingly, the level of ACE inhibition was assessed by the pressor response to angiotensin (Ang) I in patients who had been treated with recommended doses of ACE inhibitors. Methods and Results—Forty-two patients with CHF receiving 40 mg/d of a long-acting ACE inhibitor or 150 mg of captopril were studied. Radial artery systolic pressure (RASP, mm Hg) was monitored noninvasively. The pressor response to ascending doses of Ang I was evaluated in all patients before and after administration of the ARB valsartan. The pressor response to Ang I before and after valsartan was also reevaluated in 11 patients after the dose of ACE inhibitor was doubled for 1 week. RASP increased linearly with significantly ascending doses of Ang I despite treatment with ACE inhibitors. The pressor response ...
Reversal pattern and apparent polar wander for the Late Jurassic

A paleomagnetic study of the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) Morrison Formation near Norwood, Colorado, indicates the existence of thirteen polarity intervals. The seven reversed intervals occupy much more of the section than the six normal intervals, suggesting that during this time the dominant polarity was reversed. Pole positions were computed for each portion of the section where directions were tightly grouped. The pole positions form two separate groups directly related to the stratigraphic position in the section of the samples from which they were computed. The two mean pole positions for the Morrison Formation, 142.2°E, 61.4°N (dp = 4.0°, dm = 6.5°) and 161.8°E, 67.5°N (dp = 3.5°, dm = 5.0°), define a path which includes the Cretaceous pole positions for North America. The data indicate that the Jurassic apparent polar wander curve for North America is approximately a line of latitude (present-day coordinates) connecting published Triassic and Cretaceous pole positions. The data disagree with the commonly held view that the Jurassic portion of the North American apparent polar wander curve includes the present axial dipole.
Colorectal cancer cell adhesion attenuates Ad-E2F-1 mediated apoptosis.

Background. The complex interplay of cell adhesion molecules, intracellular signaling, and tumor growth behavior have important implications for the failure of most conventional cancer therapies. Cell adhesion to the basement membrane has been shown to promote tumor cell survival. We hypothesize that the presence of matrix substrate contributes to chemoresistance through signaling via cell adhesion molecule. Materials and methods. RKO colorectal cancer cells express integrin 1 to adhere to substrate. We measured apoptosis of the cells after infection with adenovirus vector containing the transgene E2F-1 (Ad-E2F1), a potent tumor suppressor gene, and Ad-LacZ (as control), both under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. Cells were plated on Matrigel, an extracellular substrate similar to basement membrane and compared to tissue culture plastic. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry-based TUNEL assay and cell proliferation was assessed by WST-1 assay. E2F-1 expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis. A function-blocking anti-1 integrin antibody was used to assess the contribution of 1 on cell survival. Results. At 120 h postinfection of RKO cells with 50 multiplicity of infection, cells plated on plastic underwent marked apoptosis in response to Ad-E2F-1 compared with Ad-LacZ control-treated cells (53% vs 1% apoptosis, respectively). However, when cells were plated on Matrigel, the same dose of E2F-1 was ineffective at inducing apoptosis (3% vs 1% apoptosis, comparing AdE2F-1 with Ad-LacZ control). The cell proliferation assay showed >3-fold cell survival in E2F-1-infected cells on Matrigel vs plastic (P < 0.004). By Western blot analysis, attenuation of apoptosis may be a result of reduction in transduction efficiency on Matrigel and functionblocking anti-1 integrin antibody does not abolish the decrease in apoptosis afforded by Matrigel. Conclusions. These data suggest that escape from adenoviral E2F-1-mediated apoptosis, at least in part, is related to reduction of intracellular E2F-1 expression. Interactions involving cellular adhesion via 1 integrin to matrix proteins does not seem to contribute toward gene therapy resistance. Further studies will investigate other specific receptor-ligand interactions after gene and/or chemotherapy. © 2003 Elsevier Inc.
Becoming a Social Partner With Peers: Cooperation and Social Understanding in One- and Two-Year-Olds

One- and two-year-old peer dyads were presented with a simple cooperative task. Age differences were found in amount of coordinated activity, monitoring the peer's activity and location in relation to the goal, and attempting to achieve the goal when the peer was (or was not) available as a partner. One-year-olds' coordinated actions appeared more coincidental than cooperative whereas older children appeared to be more actively cooperating toward a shared goal. Differences in coordinated activity with peers were associated with differences in attention sharing with an adult and with language about self and other. The ability to cooperate with peers, becoming a true social partner, develops over the 2nd and 3rd years of life in concert with growing social understanding.
Buying group choice: The effect of individual group member's prior decision frame

This article reports the results from two experiments that tested decision-framing effects on choices made by simulated organizational buying groups. The first experiment showed that the choice of suppliers by buying groups varied depending on the nature of the decision frame. Moreover, group influence seemed to intensify the effect of the loss decision frame. The second experiment tested whether mixed-frame groups used a lexicographic strategy to make multidimensional supplier choice decisions. Buying groups faced with a choice between two suppliers that differed with respect to price and quality chose the supplier that was best on the most important attribute—quality. Also, the decision frame associated with the important attribute affected the buying groups' choices. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Catheter-Tip (8-mm) and Actual Tissue Temperatures Achieved During Radiofrequency Ablation at the Orifice of the Pulmonary Vein

Background— Many ablative approaches in or near the orifice of the pulmonary vein (PV) have demonstrated success in eliminating atrial fibrillation. Despite current practice, there are no data regarding the in vivo efficacy and safety of an 8-mm catheter tip for ablation at the PV orifice. Methods and Results— Ten mongrel dogs were studied. Thermocouples were implanted in the atrial muscle of the PV orifice. Intracardiac echocardiography monitored catheter position, tip/tissue orientation, and microbubble formation. Ninety-four ablations were performed for 120 seconds. A temperature discrepancy >10°C between the catheter tip and tissue occurred during 47 (50%) of the ablations. Despite termination of energy delivery, the average tissue temperature remained within 1°C of the achieved steady state for 9 seconds. A temperature discrepancy >10°C was more common in the right superior PV, with oblique catheter positioning, when tissue temperatures were >60°C or 80°C, and with type 1 or type 2 microbubble format...
Pharmacokinetics of zinc tannate after intratesticular injection

Forty-eight sexually mature male rats were injected intratesticularly with either 1, 3, or 6 mg zinc tannate (Kastrin) or with saline (as control). Zinc localized only in low concentration in primary spermatocytes and could not be detected in spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, spermatids, or spermatozoa. Forty-eight hours after injection of 1 mg Kastrin, zinc was accumulated in the spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes while, after injection of 3 mg, zinc was preferentially localized in Sertoli cells and spermatids; however, zinc was observed in the spermatids and spermatozoa 48 h after injection iwth 6 mg, and germ cells lost their identity and were fragmented after 1 week.
Shelly a. Wiechelt on Dr. Anonymous: "Treatment failure one step removed: the loss of researchers in the addictions" chasing the Holy Grail.

The pressure to seek and obtain federal funding in academic settings has gotten increasingly higher in recent years even though such funding is increasingly difficult to obtain. Dr. Anonymous describes the challenges that even the most senior of research scientists have in securing federal grants for addiction research. Despite flat budgets and fierce competition for research dollars, even the most junior of faculty members across university systems are pushed to get that grail. I agree with Dr. Anonymous, the author, that it is a shame to lose brilliant research minds and knowledge that would benefit those with addiction problems due to research funding limitations. However, I am also concerned that research is driven by the priorities set by those in leadership in federal agencies. Faculty who are desperate to get grants to pay their salaries and secure their tenure or promotion are likely to focus their grant applications on theories and approaches that might get them funding. What then happens to innovation and new ideas outside of the power structure? Maybe innovative research (albeit unfunded), teaching, clinical service, and community service that faculty provide should be just as highly valued in academic centers as the almighty federally funded research. If that were so, perhaps we would see brilliant minds doing more innovative research and spending more time in dialogue with students and community members to share research knowledge and learn what others need for success rather than chasing the Holy Grail that federal funding has become. Maybe then we would see more success in implementing research-based practices in community treatment and more success in people’s health and healing.
R&D spending, domestic competition, and export performance of Japanese manufacturing firms

Working paper (University of Michigan. School of Business Administration. Division of Research)
Delay limited capacity of ad hoc networks: asymptotically optimal transmission and relaying strategy

The delay limited capacity of an ad hoc wireless network confined to a finite region is investigated. A transmission and relaying strategy making use of the nodes' motion to maximize the throughput is constructed. An approximate expression for the capacity as a function of the maximum allowable delay is obtained. It is found that there exists a critical value of the delay such that: (1) for values of the delay d below critical, the capacity does not benefit appreciably from the motion, (2) for moderate values of the delay d above critical, the capacity that can be achieved by taking advantage of the motion increases as d2/3, (3) the dependence of the critical delay on the number of nodes is a very slowly increasing function (n1/14). Finally, asymptotic optimality of the proposed strategy in a certain class is shown.
Emotion and evolving treatments for adult psychopathology.

Clinical psychology has historically underplayed the importance of emotions in conceptualizing and treating adult psychopathology. However, there has been a recent convergence among numerous theoretical orientations in drawing from investigations of emotions within basic affective sciences, which highlight the survival and societal functions of emotions, the involvement of multiple biological systems in emotion generation, and a dynamic model for regulatory aspects of emotions. These characterizations of emotion suggest a number of ways that current treatments may benefit from explicit incorporation of interventions targeting emotions, particularly for resistant forms of adult psychopathology. Specifically, emotion-related skills training and broadening the role of emotions in meaning change may be important areas for expansion within the treatment of adult psychopathology.
Microbial Products Alter the Expression of Membrane-Associated Mucin and Antimicrobial Peptides in a Three-Dimensional Human Endocervical Epithelial Cell Model

Our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate tissue-specific mucosal defense can be limited by the lack of appropriate human in vitro models. The endocervix lies between the microbe-rich vaginal cavity and the relatively sterile endometrium and is a major portal of entry for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in women. The endocervix is lined with a simple epithelium, and these cells produce mucus, which plays a key role in immune defense and reproduction. Here we describe the development of a human three-dimensional endocervical epithelial cell model generated by rotating wall vessel bioreactor technology. The model is composed of cellular aggregates that recapitulate major structural and barrier properties essential for the function and protection of the endocervix, including junctional complexes, microvilli, innate immune receptors, antimicrobial peptides, and mucins, the major structural component of mucus. Using this model, we also report, for the first time, that the membrane-associated mucin genes MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16 are differentially regulated in these aggregates by different bacterial and viral products. Differential induction of antimicrobial peptides was also observed with these products. Together these data define unique and flexible innate endocervical immune signatures that follow exposure to microbial products and that likely play a critical role in the outcome of pathogen challenge at this site.
CD43 interaction with ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins regulates T-cell trafficking and CD43 phosphorylation

Cell polarization is a key feature of cell motility, driving cell migration to tissues. CD43 is an abundantly expressed molecule on the T-cell surface that shows distinct localization to the migrating T-cell uropod and the distal pole complex (DPC) opposite the immunological synapse via association with the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of actin regulatory proteins. CD43 regulates multiple T-cell functions, including T-cell activation, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. We recently demonstrated that CD43 regulates T-cell trafficking through a phosphorylation site at Ser-76 (S76) within its cytoplasmic tail. Using a phosphorylation-specific antibody, we now find that CD43 phosphorylation at S76 is enhanced by migration signals. We further show that CD43 phosphorylation and normal T-cell trafficking depend on CD43 association with ERM proteins. Interestingly, mutation of S76 to mimic phosphorylation enhances T-cell migration and CD43 movement to the DPC while blocking ERM association, showing that CD43 movement can occur in the absence of ERM binding. We also find that protein kinase Cθ can phosphorylate CD43. These results show that while CD43 binding to ERM proteins is crucial for S76 phosphorylation, CD43 movement and regulation of T-cell migration can occur through an ERM-independent, phosphorylation–dependent mechanism.