cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exposed loop Domains of Complexed 14-3-3 Proteins Contribute to Structural Diversity and Functional Specificity

The 14-3-3 family of proteins functions through protein:phosphoprotein interactions, the nature of which has been elucidated using x-ray crystallography. However, some key structural features in nonconserved regions have yet to be fully resolved, leaving open questions regarding the functional selectivity of 14-3-3 family members for diverse clients. In an effort to study surface accessible structural features in 14-3-3 containing macromolecular complexes and to illuminate important structure/function variations among the 14-3-3 isoforms, we determined the epitopes for three unique monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) developed against the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) G-box DNA:protein complex. The epitopes mapped to different loops in a phylogenetically important subset of the 13 14-3-3 family members. All three epitopes were on a common exposed face of complexed 14-3-3s. Two of the mAbs recognized linear sequences within loops 5 and 6, while the third mAb recognized 14-3-3 residues surrounding the pivotal medial Gly in the divalent cation-binding domain of loop 8, together with distal residue(s) in the putative dynamic 10th helix that has yet to be determined by crystallography. Gly at this loop 8 position is unique to nonepsilon 14-3-3 isoforms of the plant kingdom, suggesting that this region constitutes a plant-specific key functional 14-3-3 feature and highlighting that the loop 8 region is functionally significant. Mutagenesis of the medial amino acid in the loop 8 domain changed the flexibility of the C terminus and altered client peptide-binding selectivity, demonstrating the functional significance of the surface accessible, evolutionarily distinct loop 8 domain.
A VLSI architecture for a real-time code book generator and encoder of a vector quantizer

Image compression applications use vector quantization (VQ) for its high compression ratio and image quality. The current VQ hardware employs static instead of dynamic code book generation as the latter demands intensive computation and corresponding expensive hardware even though it offers better image quality. This paper describes a VLSI architecture for a real-time dynamic code book generator and encoder of 512/spl times/512 images at 30 frames/s. The four-chip 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS design implements a tree of Kohonen self-organizing maps, and consists of two VQ processors and two image buffer memory chips. The pipelined VQ processor contains a computational core for both code book generation and encoding, and is scalable to processing larger frames. >
Determinants of arterial pressure after chronic spinal transection in rats

The present study was conducted to determine whether sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity is a determinant of mean arterial pressure (MAP) hours and days after cervical spinal transection (CST) in unanesthetized rats. MAP on the 2 days before CST was 107.2 +/- 3.6 and 103.3 +/- 3.0 mmHg, respectively, and fell to 77.7 +/- 1.1 mmHg on day 1 after CST. MAP returned to control levels over the course of the study and, by day 9 after CST, was not statistically different from control (98.6 +/- 3.4 mmHg). Neither autonomic ganglionic blockade nor alpha-adrenergic blockade affected MAP the 1st day after CST. Similarly, alpha-adrenergic blockade was without effect on days 3, 5, and 7 after CST. Administration of a vasopressin V1-antagonist had no effect on MAP on day 1 or day 8 after CST. However, blockade of angiotensin-converting enzyme with captopril decreased arterial pressure both on day 1 (-22.1 +/- 2.6 mmHg) and day 8 (-23.3 +/- 2.9 mmHg) after CST. We conclude that neither sympathetic nor vasopressin vasoconstrictor activity affected MAP within the 1st wk after CST. Although the vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin II were important, these effects were not responsible for the normalization of MAP observed after CST.
MAP Disparity Estimation Using Hidden Markov Trees

A new method is introduced for stereo matching that operates on minimum spanning trees (MSTs) generated from the images. Disparity maps are represented as a collection of hidden states on MSTs, and each MST is modeled as a hidden Markov tree. An efficient recursive message-passing scheme designed to operate on hidden Markov trees, known as the upward-downward algorithm, is used to compute the maximum a posteriori (MAP) disparity estimate at each pixel. The messages processed by the upward-downward algorithm involve two types of probabilities: the probability of a pixel having a particular disparity given a set of per-pixel matching costs, and the probability of a disparity transition between a pair of connected pixels given their similarity. The distributions of these probabilities are modeled from a collection of images with ground truth disparities. Performance evaluation using the Middlebury stereo benchmark version 3 demonstrates that the proposed method ranks second and third in terms of overall accuracy when evaluated on the training and test image sets, respectively.
Writing-system as a concept in linguistics

In a proposed systemisation of terminology concerned with writing, the most precise relationship assigned is that between 'writing-system ' as genus and 'orthography ' as one of its species, viz. the species designed to serve the general purposes of literacy, as opposed to the specialised purposes of the other four species of writing-system (stenography, cryptography, paedography, technography). 'Orthography' is further distinguished from 'spelling*, spelling being that part of a writing-system which realises the verbal component of writing. A non-verbal component of writing is recognised analogous to the non-verbal component of speech, and a linguistic 'graphology ' is called for, comparable to phonology.
Effect of lipids on growth hormone synthesis by isolated pituitaries.

SummaryThe effect of octanoate and palmitate on growth hormone synthesis by isolated rat pituitaries was studied. Octanoate had an impressive inhibitory effect on the incorporation of leucine-14C into pituitary growth hormone. The more physiological fatty acid palmitate however, had no effect on incorporation of leucine-14C into pituitary growth hormone. This latter finding suggests that the in vivo inhibitory effect of lipids on growth hormone secretion can not be explained by a direct inhibitory effect on pituitary growth hormone synthesis.
Preparation and Characterization of Tin Oxide Nanowires for Gas Sensing

Efficient and reliable laser-ablation approaches for large-scale synthesis of SnO2 nanowires are reported. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to confirm the crystal structure of the nanowires. The results show that these nanowires had uniform diameters around 20 nm and lengths in the order of 10 µm. In addition, field effect transistors have been constructed based on individual SnO2 nanowires. Excellent n-type transistor characteristics have been observed for SnO2 nanowire transistors. Detailed analysis revealed threshold voltages ~ −50V with on/off ratios as high as 103 at room temperature. These nanowire transistors were further demonstrated to work as sensitive UV detectors and gas sensors.
A Semantic Web Service Approach to Construction Cost Estimating

Cost estimating is a vital activity for contractors. Cost estimates require cost information collected from several sources. These sources include material and equipment suppliers. Current estimating software programs maintain a large database of resource cost data which must be updated before starting new estimates. The process of updating such databases is both time consuming and error prone. This paper discusses the architecture of a new approach to construction cost estimating using the semantic web technology. The semantic web technology structures data according to formal ontologies intended to promote machine understanding. Semantic web services provide interfaces for publishing information. The proposed estimating approach requires that suppliers encapsulate their product information within appropriate interfaces and make this information available to contractors through web services. Estimating software applications can retrieve the latest cost data from suppliers’ web services. The paper discusses how ontologies can be used to publish product information and develop ontology-based estimating applications. INTRODUCTION A building construction project is a collection of work items that produce building elements. To estimate the cost of a work item in a project, one needs to know the item quantity and the unit costs of the necessary resources. Current estimating applications keep a built-in database of resource (material, equipment, and labor) costs as shown in Figure 1. Item quantities are digitally extracted from a building model. Resource costs continuously change; however, current estimating applications do not have the built-in capability to update their cost databases. Therefore, estimators must obtain the latest resource costs from suppliers and manually update estimating application databases, which is a time consuming process.
A comparison of contributing effects on 2-vehicle alcohol-related crashes between impaired and nonimpaired operators.

ABSTRACTObjective: Driving under the influence of alcohol is a crime that places the lives of all motorists in danger. Though it is a largely preventable act, impaired driving has accounted for 31 to 38% of fatal crashes across the country over the last decade. When an impaired operator crashes his or her vehicle, there is often a second unit, of which the operator is not impaired, involved in the crash.Methods: This research looks at approximately 14,000 2-unit crashes involving an impaired operator in the State of Ohio from 2008 through 2012. The research is focused on determining the effects of crash and operator characteristics in 2-unit alcohol-related crashes through the use of 2 mixed logit models.Results: It is found that several factors have similar effects on the injury severities of both the impaired and nonimpaired operators, including head-on crashes, the use of seat belts, and the deployment of airbags. There are, however, several factors that affect the 2 operators differently. It is found ...
Cloning and characterization of a functional P2X receptor from larval bullfrog skin

ATP activates an apical-to-basolateral nonselective cation current across the skin of larval bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) with similarities to currents carried by some P2X receptors. A functional P...
Identification of Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extract by A Colormetric Detection Method

Objective:In order to detect the antibacterial activity of a plant extract using a simple and fast colormetric detection method and identify those plant extracts with bioactivity.Methods:Firstly to set up a plant extract library and develop an antimicrobial colormetric detection method.Then,the plant extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against two species of bacteria,S.mutans and A.actinomycestemcomitans.Results:A group of plants extract with high antibacterial activity were discovered.Conclusion:The colormetric detection method can be used to screen a large plant extract library due to its fast and simple procedure.
Does retrograde warm blood cardioplegia provide equal protection to both ventricles? A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in pigs.

Background The degree of protection provided to the right ventricle during retrograde continuous normothermic blood cardioplegia (RCNBC) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether RCNBC is able to provide adequate nutritive flow to both ventricles to prevent ischemic metabolism in normal swine hearts. Localized 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to monitor the changes in energy metabolism and intracellular pH (pHi) in each ventricle separately. Methods and Results Isolated normal swine hearts received 20 minutes of antegrade continuous normothermic blood cardioplegia (ACNBC) for collection of control (baseline) data, followed by 20 minutes of RCNBC. This protocol was repeated four times in five hearts and twice in two hearts. Perfusion pressure was maintained between 70 to 85 and 38 to 43 mm Hg during ACNBC and RCNBC, respectively. pHi, creatine phosphate (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and ATP were measured continuously in each ventricle during ACNBC and RCNBC, using localized 31 P MRS with two surface coils. RCNBC resulted in a significant increase in Pi (LV 222% and RV 244% of the baseline levels, respectively) and a decrease in PCr (left ventricle [LV] to 68% and right ventricle [RV] to 31% of the baseline levels, respectively) in both ventricles relative to ACNBC. The PCr level was significantly lower in the RV than in the LV (31% versus 68%, P<.001) during RCNBC. In one series of experiments (n=5) where ACNBC and RCNBC were alternated every 20 minutes (ACNBC, RCNBC, ACNBC, RCNBC, ACNBC) for a total of 100 minutes, Pi and PCr recovered completely. A continuous and significant decrease in ATP was observed in the RV, and no recovery of ATP was found when switching from RCNBC to ACNBC. No significant decrease in ATP was observed in the LV. pHi remained unchanged in both ventricles during alternate ACNBC and RCNBC. Conclusions Energy metabolism in the RV is less well preserved than in the LV during RCNBC. A combination of ACNBC and RCNBC seems to provide good cardiac protection as measured by the recovery of cardiac energetics and pHi.
Chapter 12 – Force-Measuring Techniques

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses different techniques that are used to directly or indirectly measure intermolecular, interparticle, and surface forces. Any measurement of a physical or chemical property is in some respect a measurement of intermolecular forces. Methods, such as osmotic pressure measurements, involve the collective interactions of many molecules or particles so that the data gained tend to be of a statistical or thermodynamic nature and not directly translatable into a force-law. This chapter discusses the typical range and strengths of the interaction energies and adhesion forces associated with differently sized particles, which in turn determines the most suitable experimental techniques for studying them. The chapter explains the mechanics of direct force measurements and problems of interpretation. It then details the concepts of mechanical instabilities, energetic instabilities, and thermodynamic instabilities. Techniques of measuring forces between macroscopic surfaces, such as surface force apparatuses, osmotic pressure/osmotic stress, and related techniques are explained. Techniques for measuring forces between microscopic (colloidal) and nanoscopic particles were also explained using atomic force microscopy and total internal reflection microscopy.
Elsewhere than Rome

In chapter 2, we saw how Agricola served as an alternative means of representing Agricola to that employed by Domitian. Tacitus' literary celebration of his father-in-law took the place of the sort of celebrations that the Principate no longer permitted. In this chapter we will see how Tacitus' work in Histories competes with the regime in a bigger sense. As we have just seen in chapter 3, in the preface of Histories Tacitus establishes that his work is particularly desirable because of the nature of the Principate and because of his own unique ability not to be absorbed by the structures of power characteristic of that kind of government and society. In a way, what we see in chapter 4 is the operation of Agricola – competition with the regime's media of representation – extrapolated to the scale of Tacitus' new career as articulated in the preface of Histories . In effect, as we will see, Histories presents a textual medium through which Romans can relate to their city and to other Romans, insulated from the damage and distortions inflicted on the urban space by the principes . After a section containing some preliminary reflections that link Tacitus' representation of the city in Histories with questions of civil war and the Principate, my discussion will fall into three further sections. In the first, I discuss some crises of signification during Otho's revolt and short rule.
Modeling of light soaking effect in CdTe solar cells

In this work, a diffusion-reaction model was employed to study Cu's role in light soaking effect of CdTe solar cells. Our simulation shows that both passivation of Cu dopants and Cu migration under light soak could cause device performance enhancement. The simulation result also suggests that 10−13 cm2/s diffusivity of Cu interstitials could explain the 10-hour long light soaking effect at 65°C.
The Strecker Synthesis in the Primitive Ocean

Most prebiotic amino acid syntheses proceed through the amino nitrile (Strecker synthesis). The equilibrium constants for the formation of glycine nitrile and alanine nitrile have measured as well as the kinetics of their hydrolysis to the amides and amino acids. From the data the yields of amino and hydroxy acids can be calculated as a function of pH, temperature and ammonia concentration. It can also be shown that amino acids can be synthesized at high dilutions in the primitive ocean.
Endmember representation of human geography layers

This paper presents an endmember estimation and representation approach for human geography data cubes. Human-related factors that can be mapped for a geographic region include factors relating to population, age, religion, education, medical access and others. Given these hundreds (or even thousands) of factors mapped over a region, it is extremely difficult for an analyst to summarize and understand the interactions between all of these factors. In this paper, a method to provide a compact representation and visualization of hundreds of human geography layers is presented. These are large data cubes containing a range of human geographic information including some represented using fuzzy values. Results on a human geography data cube compiled for the state of Missouri, USA is presented.
Stability concepts in matching under distributional constraints

Abstract Many real matching markets are subject to distributional constraints. To guide market designers faced with constraints, we propose new stability concepts. A matching is strongly stable if satisfying blocking pairs inevitably violates a constraint. We show that a strongly stable matching may not exist, and that existence is guaranteed if and only if all distributional constraints are trivial. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a more permissive concept, weak stability. We demonstrate a weakly stable matching always exists, implies efficiency, and is characterized by standard normative axioms. These results are obtained in a more general environment than those in existing studies, accommodating a wide variety of applications.
Religiosity, Faith Driven Consumption, and Apparel Shopping Orientation

Faith driven consumers refer to devout Christian consumers whose consumption and shopping behavior is strongly influenced by Christian values and worldviews (Faithnomics.com, 2012). This segment of consumers accounts for 17% of the US population, or 41 million people. By size, it is similar to the Hispanic segment of the market; however, with $1.75 trillion, the annual spending power of this segment is 75% more than that of the Hispanic segment (Faithnomics.com, 2012). Strong moral and Christian values rather than simple consumer needs drive their purchase decisions in the marketplace. In this study, the authors define the consumption behavior based on the biblical views and teachings as faith driven consumption (FDC).
CRT-300.02 Methodology of Optimizing Enrollment in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Critical Limb Ischemia

Evaluation and management of critical limb ischemia (CLI) has routinely been conducted by individual specialists capable of providing both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in a single setting, with evaluation for surgical intervention or consultation from cross specialist as needed. During
Necropolitics and Education

With the rise of social media, the public has been bombarded by media clips of people of African ancestry being assaulted or gunned down in their own communities. However, the most controversial and emotionally charged media coverage includes images and commentary that cover the killing of young Black people at the hands of White citizens, in particular, White men.
Hill’s Heuristics and Explanatory Coherentism in Epidemiology

In this essay, I argue that Ted Poston's theory of explanatory coherentism is well-suited as a tool for causal explanation in the health sciences, particularly in epidemiology. Coherence has not only played a role in epidemiology for more than half a century as one of Hill's viewpoints, it can also provide background theory for the development of explanatory systems by integrating epidemiologic evidence with a diversity of other error-independent data. I propose that computational formalization of Hill's viewpoints in an explanatory coherentist framework would provide an excellent starting point for a formal epistemological (knowledge-theoretical) project designed to improve causal explanation in the health sciences. As an example, I briefly introduce Paul Thagard's ECHO system and offer my responses to possible objections to my proposal.
Strategy and Tactics in Strategic Communication: Examining their Intersection with Social Media Use

While public relations industry leaders have proposed a strategic approach to social media, industry research has found that social media practices may be more tactical than strategic. Likewise, sc...
About PaaS security

Platform as a service (PaaS) provides middleware resources to cloud customers. As demand for PaaS services increases, so do concerns about the security of PaaS. This paper discusses principal PaaS security and integrity requirements, and vulnerabilities and the corresponding countermeasures. We consider three core cloud elements - multi-tenancy, isolation, and virtualisation and how they relate to PaaS services and security trends and concerns such as user and resource isolation, side-channel vulnerabilities in multi-tenant environments, and protection of sensitive data and recommend a number of effective procedures which can help in providing security.
Not All are Aboard: Decolonizing Exodus in Joon-ho Bong’s Snowpiercer

This article interprets Joon-ho Bong’s Snowpiercer (2013) as a political allegory. First, we compare Bong’s film to Danny Boyle’s Sunshine (2007) and Christopher Nolan’s Interstellar (2014), two co...
THE LEM3 SYSTEM FOR MULTITYPE EVOLUTIONARY OPTIMIZATION

LEM3 is the newest version of the learnable evolution model (LEM), a non-Darwinian evolutionary computation methodology that employs machine learning to guide evolutionary processes. Due to the deep integration of differ- ent modes of operation, several novel elements in its algorithm, and the use of the advanced machine learning system AQ21, the LEM3 system is a highly efficient and effective implementation of the methodology. LEM3 is particularly attractive for multitype optimization because it supports, and treats accordingly, different at- tribute types for describing candidate solutions in the population. These attribute types are nominal, ordinal, structured, cyclic, interval, and ratio. Application to optimization of parameters of a complex system illustrates multitype optimization problem.
On a Class of Stochastic Approximation Processes

We are concerned with the asymptotic behavior of stochastic approximation processes of the Robbins-Monro type [9], the Kiefer-Wolfowitz type [7], and related types. Our main interest is establishing the asymptotic normality, under appropriate conditions, of processes of certain kinds. However, a number of results on convergence with probability one are also obtained as immediate consequences of a theorem needed in the work on asymptotic normality. Our results contain and extend some of the results in this area reported by Blum [1], Chung [3], Hodges and Lehmann [5], and others. In addition, we establish a number of results for cases not previously investigated. For instance, we show that the Kiefer-Wolfowitz processes are asymptotically normal under quite general conditions. The rapidity of convergence depends on the amount that the function M(of Corollary 3.2) departs from symmetry in the neighborhood of the location of the maximum. We give results on convergence with probability one and asymptotic normality of stochastic approximation processes useful in connection with the problem of finding the location of the point of inflection of a function. For all cases in which we establish asymptotic normality we also show how the unknown quantities in the variance of the limiting normal distribution can be estimated. These results make possible the construction of asymptotic confidence intervals free of unknowns. Other results, too detailed to be summarized here, are established which also might be of interest in practical applications.
Case 70: Selecting the Right Size Double Lumen Tube

Today you are scheduled to anesthetize a 36-year-old lady (70 kg, 5 ft 4 in.) for right upper lobectomy for chronic atelectasis. Eighteen months before she had undergone successfully a heart and bilateral lung transplant. She has no other comorbidities.
Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy on Fe and Ni

This is a report of a spin-polarized spectroscopy study performed using a scanning tunneling microscope with Fe and Ni tips to probe the electronic structure of the levels involved in the tunneling junction. In these model experiments polarized electrons tunnel from the nanometer-sized apex region of the ferromagnetic tips into GaAs(110), which serves as an optical electron-spin detector. The spin-polarized tunneling spectra show qualitative agreement with the electronic structure of the filled 3d levels of the ferromagnets. Salient features observed include the following: a) near the Fermi level the magnitude of the spin-polarization determined from the measurements is larger than 60% for Ni; b) at energies close to the Fermi level, the spin polarization is positive for Fe and negative for Ni; and c) a sign reversal of the spin-polarization has been observed on Ni.
POVERTY'S PASTS: A CASE FOR LONGUE DURÉE STUDIES

This article examines how historians have approached the history of poverty in Africa before European colonisation. From an earlier focus on the emergence of class difference to more recent studies on the emergence of poverty, scholars have demonstrated the longevity of economic inequality in Africa. This historiography counters a linear view of the growth of economic inequality and the idea that poverty is a necessary corollary of wealth. The article then considers how historians have studied the meanings of poverty within particular societies to the nineteenth century allowing us to move beyond the inadequacy of quantitative data. It ends by arguing for more longue duree studies of poverty in Africa with a focus on the qualitative and on the internal dynamics of particular societies. This will improve our knowledge about how colonial rule changed the experience and reality of poverty for people across the continent and form a basis for comparative studies.
Commonplaces of Scientific Evidence in Environmental Discourses

Environmental discourses remain an important area of concern for technical communicators and rhetoricians who seek to evaluate the social actions of their genres (Dayton, 2002; Miller, 1984); addre...
Anti-infective Waste in a Pediatric Institution: Pinpointing Problems in the Process.

Purpose: At Children’s Hospital Colorado (CHCO), there are approximately 40 000 inpatient anti-infective orders every year resulting over 100 000 dispenses. Significant quantities of anti-infective...
Noise in Gene Regulatory Networks

Gene expression is based on biochemical processes that are inherently stochastic. The resulting fluctuations in mRNA and protein levels can sometimes be exploited but generally need to be controlled for reliable function of regulatory networks. From models of these biochemical processes it is possible to obtain analytical expressions for the stochastic properties of the resulting distributions of expression levels. We present a review of the two main analytical techniques for modeling stochastic gene expression.
Introducing the Eating, Sleeping, Consoling Care Tool at The University of Vermont Children's Hospital (UVMCH)

Introduction: Given wide variation in care practices for infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) many clinicians aim to improve care through standardization. The Eating, Sleeping, Consoling (ESC) Care Tool standardizes both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic care based on assessment of functional symptoms of opioid withdrawal and has been associated with a decrease in length of stay and pharmacologic treatment. Goal: Decrease the median percent of newborns who receive methadone postnatally for NAS by 30% between July, 2018 and January, 2019 by implementing the ESC Care Tool. Setting: At UVMCH, opioid exposed infants are routinely monitored on Labor and Delivery and the Newborn Nursery …
Rate of Concomitant Cellulitis and Osteoarticular Infections in a Pediatric Population

Purpose: Concern for infection is a common presentation in pediatric emergency departments with cellulitis being one of the most common infections encountered. Cellulitis is frequently treated with antibiotics alone with the rare need for surgical intervention. This is in comparison to pediatric musculoskeletal infections. These common occurrences have the potential to cause rapid destruction and long term sequelae if not treated promptly and appropriately. Advanced imaging prior to surgical intervention is frequently used in the treatment of deep infections. Within our institution, we have noted that clinical signs consistent with cellulitis commonly lead to a work up for deep musculoskeletal infections despite a lack of evidence to suggest that the two entities commonly co-exist. The aim of this study is to identify the rate of concomitant cellulitis with osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Methods: A retrospective study was performed of 482 patients at a single, tertiary care institution undergoing MRI to evaluate for deep infection from January 2008 to December 2018. Charts were reviewed for clinical signs of cellulitis as documented in the admission history and physical exam note. MRI reports were then examined and findings of cellulitis and/or deep musculoskeletal infections were recorded. The data was analyzed to determine the incidence of concomitant cellulitis with deep infection. Results:Of the 482 patients undergoing MRI, 238 had documented signs of cellulitis. Of these, 52 cases (10.8%) were found to have both cellulitis upon clinical presentation and an associated deep musculoskeletal infection on MRI. On the basis of location, 92.3% were found to be involving bone in the subcutaneous location of the hand and wrist or the foot and ankle (GROUP 1). There were 116 cases in Group 1 with 48 cases (41.4%) of concomitant cellulitis and deep infection. The remaining skeletal sites (Group 2) consisted of 122 cases with 4 cases (3.3%) of concurrent cellulitis and deep musculoskeletal involvement. A significant difference in the rate of concomitant cellulitis and deep osteoarticular infections were found based on location (p<0.0001). Conclusion: When cellulitis is seen in the areas of the hand and wrist as well as the foot and ankle, there Is a greater than 40% chance of a deep musculoskeletal infection. This is compared to the remaining skeletal sites in which a rate of just over 3% of concomitant cellulitis and deep osteoarticular infection was found. The index of suspicion for additional deep involvement of the musculoskeletal system should be high when cellulitis is seen in the distal extremities. Yet, when found on the other areas of the body, a low likelihood of deep infection is present and advanced imaging may not be indicated at initial presentation.
A Two-Stage Combined UC-OPF Model Using Mixed Integer and Semi-Definite Programming

A two-staged combined unit-commitment (UC) andOptimal power flow (OPF) architecture are proposed in this pa-per based on mixed-integer semi-definite programming (MISDP).The MISDP problem is then divided into a mixed-integer linearprogramming problem and a semidefinite programming problemto achieve the solution. Different cases have been studied on 6bus, IEEE 14 bus, and IEEE 118 bus systems to test the efficacyof the proposed method. It has been observed that the proposedtwo-staged combined UC gives very close results (2% differencesin solution differences in comparison with unified approach) forsmaller systems while scalable and feasible for IEEE 118 bussystem where the unified approach fails. The optimal operatingpoint derived from the two-staged approach is comparable withthe unified approach but the proposed approach performs betterin terms of scalability.
O-GlcNAc transferase regulates glioblastoma acetate metabolism via regulation of CDK5-dependent ACSS2 phosphorylation

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBMs) preferentially generate acetyl-CoA from acetate as a fuel source to promote tumor growth. O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to be elevated by increasing O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in many cancers and reduced O-GlcNAcylation can block cancer growth. Here, we identify a novel mechanism whereby OGT regulates acetate-dependent acetyl-CoA production by regulating phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). OGT is required and sufficient for GBM cell growth and regulates acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA. Elevating O-GlcNAcylation in GBM cells increases phosphorylation of ACSS2 on Ser-267 in a CDK5-dependent manner. Importantly, we show that ACSS2 Ser-267 phosphorylation regulates its stability by reducing polyubiquitination and degradation. ACSS2 Ser-267 is critical for OGT-mediated GBM growth as overexpression of ACSS2 Ser-267 phospho-mimetic rescues growth in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we show that pharmacologically targeting OGT and CDK5 reduces GBM growth ex vivo. Thus, the OGT/CDK5/ACSS2 pathway may be a way to target altered metabolic dependencies in brain tumors.
Going Beyond Traditional Roughness Metrics for Floor Tiles: Measuring Topography Down to the Nanoscale

Slipping is a major cause of injury and hospitalization in the USA and globally. Slipping occurs when the instantaneous friction between the shoe and floor is less than the required friction. While floor roughness is a key factor contributing to friction, prior investigations have primarily used stylus profilometry, which is incapable of measuring roughness at small scales, below approximately 1 micron in lateral size. In the present research, the small-scale roughness was quantified using cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three different flooring materials were investigated, including tiles of ceramic and two different types of quarry stones, whose friction coefficients had been previously characterized. The surfaces were cross-sectioned, imaged at magnifications from 250 to 100,000 times, and then the surface profiles were extracted using image analysis. The SEM topography was combined with stylus profilometry measurements, using the power spectral density (PSD), to achieve multi-scale characterization of features ranging from a scan size of 4 mm down to a resolution of 10 nm. The results demonstrate meaningful differences in topography at different length scales, where surfaces with widely varying roughness at one scale were indistinguishable at another. The measurements further showed that floor-tile roughness has self-affine fractal-like character, with hierarchical roughness extending from the micron-scale down to the nanoscale, much of which is undetectable using conventional techniques. Overall, this research supports the investigation of small-scale roughness as a potential missing factor in the understanding of floor topography and its causal effect on slip-and-fall accidents.
Skeletal muscle-specific calpastatin overexpression mitigates muscle weakness in aging and extends life span.

This is the first study to investigate the role of calpastatin overexpression on skeletal muscle specific force in aging rodents. Muscle-specific overexpression of calpastatin, the endogenous calpa...
Decreased fasting serum glucogenic amino acids with a higher compared to normal protein diet during energy restriction in women: a randomized controlled trial

Dietary protein alters circulating amino acid (AAs) levels and higher protein intake (HP) is one means of losing weight. We examined 34 overweight and obese women (57 ± 4 years) during 6 months of energy restriction (7.3 ± 3.8% weight loss) divided into groups consuming either normal protein (NP; 18.6 energy% protein) or HP (24.3 energy% protein). There was a reduction in fasting serum glucogenic AAs (p = 0.015) that also associated with greater weight loss (p < 0.05) in the HP group, but not in the NP group. These findings have implications for nutrient prioritization during energy restriction.
Fs-transient Absorption and Fluorescence Upconversion after Two-Photon Excitation of Carotenoids in Solution and in LHC II

We present the results of time-resolved fs-transient absorption and fluorescence upconversion measurements after two-photon excitation of the forbidden S1 states of βCarotene, Lutein and the energy transferring carotenoids in LHC II. The direct excitation of the carotenoid S1 state enabled us to measure the subsequent dynamics on a fs time scale without any interference from higher excited states and to determine the two-photon excitation spectrum ofthe S1 state.
Hole injection and dielectric breakdown in 6H–SiC and 4H–SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor structures during substrate electron injection via Fowler–Nordheim tunneling

Abstract Hole injection into silicon dioxide (SiO2) films (8–40 nm thick) is investigated for the first time during substrate electron injection via Fowler–Nordheim (FN) tunneling in n-type 4H- and 6H–SiC (silicon carbide) based metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures at a wide range of temperatures (T) between 298 and 598 K and oxide electric fields E ox from 6 to 10 MV/cm. Holes are generated in heavily doped n-type polycrystalline silicon ( n + -polySi) gate serving as the anode as well as in the bulk silicon dioxide (SiO2) film via hot-electron initiated band-to-band ionization (BTBI). In absence of oxide trapped charges, it is shown that at a given temperature, the hole injection rates from either of the above two mechanisms are higher in n-4H–SiC MOS devices than those in n-6H–SiC MOS structures when compared at a given E ox and SiO2 thickness ( t ox ). On the other hand, relative to n-4H–SiC devices, n-6H–SiC structures exhibit higher hole injection rates for a given t ox during substrate electron injection at a given FN current density j e , FN throughout the temperature range studied here. These two observations clearly reveal that the substrate material (n-6H–SiC and n-4H–SiC) dependencies on time-to-breakdown ( t BD ) or injected charge (electron) to breakdown ( Q BD ) of the SiO2 film depend on the mode of FN injections (constant field/voltage and current) from the substrate which is further verified from the rigorous device simulation as well.
Using Transaction Logs to Better Understand User Search Session Patterns in an Image-based Digital Library

Server transaction logs containing complete click-through data from a digital library of primarily image-based documents were analyzed to better understand user search session behavior. One month of data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and network analysis methods. The findings reveal iterative search behaviors centered on result views and evaluation and topical areas of focus for the search sessions. The study is novel in its combined analytical techniques and use of click-through data for image collections.
Taste-responsive neurons of the glossopharyngeal nerve of the rat

1. Taste sensibilities of neurons in mammalian glossopharyngeal nerves have been inadequately studied, although they innervate the majority of taste buds and may provide unique taste information. 2. Extracellular responses of glossopharyngeal neural units to taste stimuli infused into foliate or vallate papillae were recorded in anesthetized rats. A 0.3-ml/min infusion of stimuli into papillae resulted in short-latency, 5-s nerve-impulse rates that approached 10 times the response rates observed using less invasive means of stimulation. 3. Sucrose, Na saccharin, NaCl, NH4Cl, KCl, HCl, citric acid, acetic acid, MgSO4, and quinine.HCl were effective stimuli for glossopharyngeal neurons at concentrations that have behavioral significance. 4. Response spectra for individual neural units with either foliate or vallate receptive fields fell into three clusters. Forty-six percent were A units that responded most strongly to acids and chloride salts, NH4Cl being the most effective; neither quinine nor sucrose was effective. Twenty-three percent were S units that responded to sugars and saccharin; quinine, salts, and acids were not effective. Thirty-one percent were Q units that responded to quinine; neither NaCl, HCl, nor sucrose was effective stimulus for these fragile units. 5. Glossopharyngeal A neural units were more sensitive to 1 mM HCl than were electrolyte-sensitive H units of the chorda tympani, although both respond generally to salts and acids. Units relatively specific for sodium salts (N units), which are common in the chorda tympani nerve, were not found in the glossopharyngeal nerve, which explains losses in sodium-specific behavior after cutting only the chorda tympani nerve. 6. Q units were the only glossopharyngeal neural units that responded significantly to quinine, and units with similar response spectra do not occur in the chorda tympani nerve. Q units probably mediate aversive reflexes to quinine that are eliminated by cutting only the glossopharyngeal nerve. Glossopharyngeal S neural units were more sensitive to sucrose and are more common than their counterparts in the chorda tympani, although it is not known how they might compare with sugar-sensitive units in the greater superficial petrosal nerve. 7. These data strongly suggest that posterior taste bud fields innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve are specialized for functions different from those of anterior taste bud fields innervated by the facial nerve.
Hippocampus: Cognitive Processes and Neural Representations that Underlie Declarative Memory

The hippocampus serves a critical role in declarative memory--our capacity to recall everyday facts and events. Recent studies using functional brain imaging in humans and neuropsychological analyses of humans and animals with hippocampal damage have revealed some of the elemental cognitive processes mediated by the hippocampus. In addition, recent characterizations of neuronal firing patterns in behaving animals and humans have suggested how neural representations in the hippocampus underlie those elemental cognitive processes in the service of declarative memory.
Current Practices and Opportunities in a Resident Clinic Regarding the Care of Older Adults with Multimorbidity.

Multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) is common and is associated with morbidity and mortality.1–3 Clinical practice guidelines mostly focus on single diseases; simply combining guidelines often leads to contradicting recommendations and greater likelihood of adverse effects.4 The Guiding Principles for the Care of Older Adults with Multimorbidity were developed in 2012 as an alternative approach to better care for these individuals.1 The document outlines five domains: Patient Preferences: Elicit and incorporate patient preferences into medical decision-making for older adults with multimorbidity; Interpreting the Evidence: Recognizing the limitations of the evidence base, interpret and apply the medical literature specifically to older adults with multimorbidity; Prognosis: Frame clinical management decisions within the context of risks, burdens, benefits, and prognosis (e.g., remaining life expectancy, functional status, quality of life) for older adults with multimorbidity; Clinical Feasibility: Consider treatment complexity and feasibility when making clinical management decisions for older adults with multimorbidity; Optimizing Therapies and Care Plan: Use strategies for choosing therapies that optimize benefit, minimize harm, and enhance quality of life for older adults with multimorbidity. Better clinician training specific to caring for older adults with multimorbidity is needed.1,5–7 It is not clear what opportunities arise to apply the guiding principles in clinical encounters to inform decision-making, how clinicians at all levels of training currently practice in this area, or how best to direct interventions to improve practice. Internal medicine residents are critical learners because residency is a formative time, and many older adults receive care from clinicians trained in internal medicine.8 This study aimed to characterize specific educational targets by exploring the current practices and opportunities for improvement in an internal medicine residency clinic of the care of older adults with multimorbidity.
Ventricular endocardial leads in left bundle branch block and left ventricular hypertrophy; correlation with the vectorcardiogram and electrocardiogram.

Abstract 1. (1) Thirty-one patients were studied by left endocardial and precordial leads, 14 with left ventricular hypertrophy, 5 with left ventricular hypertrophy and incomplete left bundle branch block, 2 with equivocal findings, 2 with complete left bundle branch block, and 8 with other diagnoses. 2. (2) The differentiation between left bundle branch block and left ventricular hypertrophy by the electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram proved to be unsatisfactory in many cases. 3. (3) The endocardial lead appeared to be most useful in establishing the diagnosis of left bundle branch block when an initial positive deflection was demonstrated in the left ventricle.
Hard Braking Events among Novice Teenage Drivers by Passenger Characteristics

In a naturalistic study of teenage drivers (N = 42) hard braking events of <-0.45 g were assessed over the first 6 months of licensure. A total of 1,721 hard braking events were recorded. The video footage of a sample (816) of these events was examined to evaluate validity and reasons for hard braking. Of these, 788 (96.6%) were estimated valid, of which 79.1% were due to driver misjudgment, 10.8% to risky driving behavior, 5.3% to legitimate evasive maneuvers, and 4.8% to distraction. Hard braking events per 10 trips and per 100 miles were compared across passenger characteristics. Hard braking rates per 10 trips among newly licensed teenagers during the first 6 months of licensure were significantly higher when driving with teen passengers and lower with adult passengers than driving alone; rates per 100 miles were lower with adult passengers than with no passengers. Further examination of the results indicates that rates of hard braking with teenage passengers were significantly higher compared with no passengers: 1) for male drivers; 2) during the first month of licensure. The data suggest that that novice teenage driving performance may not be as good or safe when driving alone or with teenage passengers than with adult passengers and provide support for the hypothesis that teenage passengers increase driving risks, particularly during the first month of licensure.