cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Additional records of the pagurid hermit crab genus Trichopagurus de Saint Laurent, 1968 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with description of a new species from the Philippines

The pagurid hermit crab genus Trichopagurus de Saint Laurent, 1968 is currently represented by three shallow water spe- cies from the tropical Indo-West Pacific region. In this paper, three species of the genus, including one new species, are reported. Trichopagurus tenuidactylus n. sp. is described on the basis of a single ovigerous female from the Bohol Sea, the Philippines, and compared with two close relatives, T. asper Komai & Poupin, 2012 and T. macrochela Komai & Os- awa, 2005. New locality records are provided for T. macrochela (the Philippines) and T. trichophthalinus (Forest, 1954) (Taiwan and Marianas). An identification key to the four species of the genus is presented.
A model of reverse spike frequency adaptation and repetitive firing of subthalamic nucleus neurons.

Subthalamic nucleus neurons exhibit reverse spike-frequency adaptation. This occurs only at firing rates of 20–50 spikes/s and higher. Over this same frequency range, there is an increase in the st...
Potassium in Europa's Atmosphere

Trace element abundances in the sputtered extended atmospheres of the Galilean satellites reflect the surface abundances of these trace elements and can thus serve as signatures of surface processes on these satellites. We have measured sodium and potassium abundances in the extended atmospheres of Europa and Io, and derive sodium-to-potassium ratios of 25±2 and 10±3. The large difference between the values of Na/K in these atmospheres is difficult to explain if the dominant source of sodium for Europa's surface is implantation of Io sodium, as suggested earlier. The three remaining likely sources for trace elements on the surface of Europa—metals brought in from meteoritic impact, trace elements native to the surface ices, and salts deposited in liquid water resurfacing events—are all broadly consistent with the measured sodium-to-potassium ratio at Europa. Observations of additional trace elements are required to further discriminate among these possible sources.
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a novel macrolide‐resistance determinant, mefA, from Streptococcus pyogenes

Several streptococcal strains had an uncharacterized mechanism of macrolide resistance that differed from those that had been reported previously in the literature. This novel mechanism conveyed resistance to 14- and 15-membered macrolides, but not to 16-membered macrolides, lincosamides or analogues of streptogramin B. The gene encoding this phenotype was cloned by standard methods from total genomic digests of Streptococcus pyogenes 02C1064 as a 4.7 kb heterologous insert into the low-copy vector, pACYC177, and expressed in several Escherichia coli K-12 strains. The location of the macrolide-resistance determinant was established by functional analysis of deletion derivatives and sequencing. A search for homologues in the genetic databases confirmed that the gene is a novel one with homology to membrane-associated pump proteins. The macrolide-resistance coding sequence was subcloned into a pET23a vector and expressed from the inducible T7 promoter on the plasmid in E. coli BL21(DE3). Physiological studies of the cloned determinant, which has been named mefA for macrolide efflux, provide evidence for its mechanism of action in host bacteria. E.coli strains containing the cloned determinant maintain lower levels of intracellular erythromycin when this compound is added to the external medium than isogenic clones without mefA. Furthermore, intracellular accumulation of [14C]-erythromycin in the original S. pyogenes strain was always lower than that observed in erythromycin-sensitive strains. This is consistent with a hypothesis that the gene encodes a novel antiporter function which pumps erythromycin out of the cell. The gene appears to be widely distributed in S. pyogenes strains, as demonstrated by primer-specific synthesis using the polymerase chain reaction.
Adaptive Suppression of Severe Pathological Tremor by Torque Estimation Method

Tremor is a rhythmical and involuntary oscillatory movement of a body part. In addition to social embarrassment, tremor can be debilitating for daily activities. Recently, wearable active exoskeletons emerged as a noninvasive tremor suppression alternative to medication or surgery. The challenge in muscu- loskeletal tremor suppression is identifying and attenuating the tremor motion without adding resistance to the patient's inten- tional motion. In this research, an adaptive tremor suppression algorithm was designed to estimate the tremor fundamental fre- quency and calculate the proper suppressive force to be applied by the orthosis to the patient's arm. Stability of the closed-loop system and robustness against the parametric uncertainties were analyzed. An experimental setup was designed and developed to emulate the dynamics of a human wrist with intentional and tremor motion. A pneumatic cylinder and a sliding mode integral controller was used to apply orthotic suppressive force. The algorithm was im- plemented with an NI cRIO real-time controller and tested using clinical data from ten patients with severe pathological tremor. Ex- perimental results showed tracking of the tremor frequency with less than 3-s response time, and an average 34.5 dB (98.1%) and 11.8 dB (74.3%) reduction of tremor amplitude at the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies, respectively. The average resis- tance force to the intentional motion was 0.7 N and the average position error was 2.08% (0.18 dB). The results were compared with passive tremor suppression using a tunable magnetorheolog- ical damper.
New Challenges for Iterative Software Design of a Panel-Oriented Interface

Gould's (1987) iterative design principle was applied to the design and development of a large, complex interface. Specific challenges we faced in implementing his recommended design approach included the sheer volume of panels in the interface, communication across the design team, excess baggage stemming from the previous interface, management of design changes, and translation into multiple languages. Our methods of facing those challenges are documented, and the lessons we learned in the process are detailed.
Doppler Echocardiography for Managing Congenital Cardiac Disease

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in the technique of fetal echocardiography and perinatal management of fetal cardiac disease. Although 2D cardiac imaging remains the major tool for this evaluation, its diagnostic efficacy is significantly enhanced by the other ultrasound modalities. Specifically, spectral pulsed Doppler, 2D Doppler color flow mapping, and color M-mode provide essential tools for elucidating hemodynamic abnormalities associated with structural and functional congenital cardiac disease. This hemodynamic information plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficacy of investigating these complex problems. It is not surprising, therefore, that Doppler echocardiography now plays such a critical role in the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of fetal cardiac disorders. Future developments in this area will certainly encompass 3D Doppler flow evaluation, which has been addressed in Chaps. 7 and 34.
CD9 phones home with a TEM of its own.

Tetraspanins are small molecule proteins known to impact cellular migration and signaling. In this issue of Blood , Leung and colleagues uncover a novel function of the tetraspanin molecule CD9 as a potential mediator of CD34+ cell homing.[1][1] Signaling between CXCR4 and its ligand—stromal-
A gradient accuracy study for the adjoint-based Navier-Stokes design method

A continuous adjoint method for Aerodynamic Shape Optimization (ASO) using the compressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model was implemented and tested. The resulting implementation was used to determine the accuracy in the calculation of aerodynamic gradient information for use in ASO problems. For completeness, the formulation and discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations and the resulting adjoint equations are discussed. However, the reader is referred to previous work for details of the derivations. The accuracy of the resulting derivative information is investigated by direct comparison with finite-difference gradients. In the process, shortcomings of the finite difference method for the calculation of derivative information are pointed out and discussed. The advantages of the use of an adjoint method become apparent because of the strict requirements that the finite difference method imposes on the level of flow solver convergence and the sensitivity of the value of the gradients with respect to the choice of step size. Design examples for both inverse and drag minimization problems are presented. A parallel implementation using a domain decomposition approach and the MPI (Message Passing Interface) standard is used to reduce the computational cost of automatic design involving viscous flows.
Improved hydrogen release from LiB0.33N0.67H2.67 with noble metal additions

The hydrogen release behavior of the quaternary hydride LiB(0.33)N(0.67)H(2.67) has been successfully improved through the incorporation of small quantities of noble metal. Adding 5 wt % Pd either as Pd metal particles or as PdCl(2) reduced the temperature T(1/2) corresponding to the midpoint of the hydrogen release reaction by DeltaT(1/2) = -43 degrees C and -76 degrees C, respectively. PtCl(2) and Pt nanoparticles supported on a Vulcan carbon substrate proved to be even more effective, with DeltaT(1/2) = -90 degrees C. The amount of NH(3) released during dehydrogenation is reduced compared to that from additive-free material, and, more importantly, at temperatures below 210 degrees C hydrogen is released with no detectable NH(3). In contrast to additive-free LiB(0.33)N(0.67)H(2.67), which melts completely above 190 degrees C and releases hydrogen from the liquid state only above approximately 250 degrees C, hydrogen release from LiB(0.33)N(0.67)H(2.67) + 5 wt % Pt/Vulcan carbon is accompanied by partial melting plus a cascade through a series of solid intermediate phases. Calorimetric measurements indicate that both additive-free and Pt-added LiB(0.33)N(0.67)H(2.67) release hydrogen exothermically, and hence the reverse reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable. By exposing partially dehydrogenated samples to high H(2) pressures at modest temperatures, fractional hydrogen uptake (roughly 15% of the released hydrogen) has been achieved. The mechanism by which noble metals promote hydrogen release is not known, but the behavior is consistent with that expected for a catalyst, including a large effect with small additions and saturation of the effect at low concentration.
Managing Work and Family: Do Control Strategies Help?

How can we effectively manage competing obligations from work and family without becoming overwhelmed? This question inspires the current study by examining control strategies that may facilitate better work-life balance, with a specific focus on the role of lowered aspirations and positive reappraisals, attitudes that underlie adaptive coping behaviors. Data from the Midlife in the United States Survey (MIDUS II) were used to explore the relationship between negative spillover, control strategies, and well-being among full-time working men and women (N = 2,091). In this nationally representative sample, findings indicate that while positive reappraisals function as a protective buffer, lowering aspirations exacerbate the relationship between work-family spillover and well-being, with moderating effects stronger among women. This study extends prior research tying work-life conflict to health and mental health, and suggests further investigation is needed to consider types of resources that may be effective coping strategies in balancing work and family.
Novice nurse practitioner workforce transition and turnover intention in primary care

Purpose Little is known about the workforce transition and turnover intention of novice nurse practitioners (NPs) in primary care (PC). This research aimed to describe the individual characteristics, role acquisition and job satisfaction of novice NPs, and identify factors associated with their successful transition and turnover intention in the first year of PC practice. Data sources A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted via online survey administered to a national sample of 177 NPs who graduated from an accredited NP program and were practicing in a PC setting for 3–12 months. Conclusions This study demonstrated that greater professional autonomy in the workplace is a critical factor in turnover intention in novice NPs in the PC setting. Implications for practice Further research is needed regarding the novice NP workforce transition to provide adequate professional autonomy and support during this critical period.
A multispecies occupancy model for two or more interacting species

Summary Species occurrence is influenced by environmental conditions and the presence of other species. Current approaches for multispecies occupancy modelling are practically limited to two interacting species and often require the assumption of asymmetric interactions. We propose a multispecies occupancy model that can accommodate two or more interacting species. We generalize the single-species occupancy model to two or more interacting species by assuming the latent occupancy state is a multivariate Bernoulli random variable. We propose modelling the probability of each potential latent occupancy state with both a multinomial logit and a multinomial probit model and present details of a Gibbs sampler for the latter. As an example, we model co-occurrence probabilities of bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a function of human disturbance variables throughout 6 Mid-Atlantic states in the eastern United States. We found evidence for pairwise interactions among most species, and the probability of some pairs of species occupying the same site varied along environmental gradients; for example, occupancy probabilities of coyote and grey fox were independent at sites with little human disturbance, but these two species were more likely to occur together at sites with high human disturbance. Ecological communities are composed of multiple interacting species. Our proposed method improves our ability to draw inference from such communities by permitting modelling of detection/non-detection data from an arbitrary number of species, without assuming asymmetric interactions. Additionally, our proposed method permits modelling the probability two or more species occur together as a function of environmental variables. These advancements represent an important improvement in our ability to draw community-level inference from multiple interacting species that are subject to imperfect detection.
Interactive Singularity Theory

This chapter and the following chapters describe the singularity theory of shape invented in the Process Grammar.
Scattering of electrons from argon atoms.

Scattering of electrons from neon atoms is investigated by the polarized-orbital method. The perturbed orbitals calculated with use of the Sternheimer approximation lead to the polarizability 2.803 a(0)-cube in fairly good agreement with the experimental value 2.66 a(0)-cube. Phase shifts for various partial waves are calculated in the exchange, exchange-adiabatic, and polarized-orbital approximations. They are compared with the previous results. The calculated elastic differential, total, and momentum-transfer cross sections are compared with the experimental results. The polarized-orbital approximation yields results which show general improvement over the exchange-adiabatic approximation.
External beam radiation therapy for advanced/unresectable malignant paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma

Abstract Purpose/Objectives To evaluate the role of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for treatment of malignant paraganglioma (PGL) and pheochromocytoma (PCC). Methods and materials A retrospective review was performed of all patients with malignant PGL/PCC treated with EBRT at our institution between 1973 and 2015. Local control (LC) per treated lesion and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Toxicities were scored using the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (AE), version 4. Results The cohort included 41 patients with 107 sites treated. Median (range) age at EBRT was 33 (11-80) years. Treatment intention was curative in 20 patients (30 lesions) and palliative in 21 patients (77 lesions). The primary tumor was PGL (63%) and PCC (37%). Previous local therapies were surgical resection (90%) and percutaneous ablation (19%). Indications for EBRT were local control (66%), pain (22%), or spinal cord compression (12%). Treatment site included bone (69%), soft tissue (30%), and liver (1%). Median (range) EBRT dose was 40 (6.5-70) Gy. Median biologic effective dose using α/β = 10 (BED 10 ) was 53 (9-132). Median follow-up was 3.8 years (0.04-41.5), and mean follow-up was 9.7 years. Overall survival at 5 years was 65%: 79% for curative- and 50% for palliative-intention patients ( P = .028). LC at 5 years was 81% for all lesions; 91% for lesions receiving BED 10 ≥53, and 62% for lesions receiving BED 10 P = .001). All 11 lesions treated with stereotactic body RT or radiosurgery had LC at a median of 3.0 (0.2-5.4) years. For the symptomatic lesions, symptoms improved in 94%. There were no acute grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs, including no hypertensive crises. Two patients developed a late grade ≥3 AE. Conclusions EBRT is a useful treatment modality for malignant PGL and PCC. Higher RT dose was associated with improved LC.
Proteinase 3 Mediates Direct Inhibition of CD4 and CD8 T Lymphocyte Proliferation by Inducing Enzyme-Independent G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest

Proteinase 3 (P3), a serine protease found in primary granules in granulocytes, is the target of T cell- and B cell-mediated autoimmunity in Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) and of anti-leukemia immunity mediated by PR1 (VLQELNVTV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (PR1-CTL). Although aberrant P3 and neutrophil elasase (NE) expression in leukemia increases susceptibility to PR1-CTL-mediated killing, overexpression of P3 also induces apoptosis of the high affinity PR1-CTL leading to deletional tolerance and leukemia outgrowth. Because expression of P3 and NE in sera from leukemia patients is increased by 5-fold compared to healthy controls, we sought to determine whether such overexpression of P3 or NE impairs PR1-CTL immunity to leukemia by a direct affect on T lymphocytes. To study this, T cells from healthy donors were activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and exposed to increasing concentration of P3 or NE over one to five days, and the percentage of apoptotic cells and cell proliferation were determined by flow cytometry using PI, anti-Ki-67, and CFSE. P3, but not NE, induced dose-dependent apoptosis of up to 30% of T cells, and in the non-apoptotic cells, a 50% inhibition of CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation at 1 μg/ml and 100% at 10 μg/ml compared to untreated cells. This effect was not enzyme-mediated since prior exposure of P3 to 56°C or co-incubation with the serine protease inhibitors Elafin and alpha-1 antitrypsin showed no affect on apoptosis or cell proliferation. P3 induced a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 interface, determined with PI and Ki-67 staining of healthy donor T cells that were exposed to P3 for up to 3 days. In contrast, at protein concentrations up to 25 μg/ml, NE showed no such inhibitory effect on apoptosis or cell proliferation. In addition to its role as a leukemia-associated antigen, P3 is also targeted by the cANCA antibody in patients with WG and the serum titer correlates with disease activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that the effect of P3 on T cell proliferation might also be affected by humoral immunity during circumstances of systemic autoimmunity. Co-incubation of P3 with a molar excess of cANCA reversed P3- mediated inhibition of both CD4 and CD8 T cells, consistent with a role of this antibody and the P3 target antigen in controlling T cell autoreactivity. Taken together, this data shows a new role for P3 in regulating T cell proliferation, which occurs only at high P3 concentration, similar to P3 in sera from leukemia patients, which is not enzymedependent. This supports a direct role for P3 in regulating both anti-leukemia immunity and autoimmunity. This data will need to be considered for effective immunotherapy targeting P3 in leukemia patients and these inhibitory effects also suggest a role for P3 in regulating autoimmunity at sites of inflammation, such as in patients with WG.
Trading on risk: The moral logics and economic reasoning of North Carolina farmers in water quality trading markets

Water quality trading (WQT) is a popular policy for improving the quality of waterways across the United States by reducing water pollution. However, in established markets, few trades are happening, making environmental gains from WQT limited. Despite these trends, policy makers continue to implement this market-based approach to achieve clean water. Successful markets rely on stakeholders' willingness to buy and sell in the market, yet research has not focused on this aspect of WQT. The stakeholders involved in WQT are frequently farmers (as sellers) trading with developers and urban municipalities (as buyers). To better understand stakeholder decisions about WQT, this research sought to document barriers and catalysts for farmers participation in a brand-new WQT program in the Jordan Lake Watershed, North Carolina. Key findings from interviews with ninety farmers show that most have high conservation rates and know about local water problems. Nevertheless, they were unwilling or unlikely to participate in the program. We offer detailed evidence of the complex ways farmers calculate risk for farm practices and environmental health as an indication that their perceptions of risk and moral sensibilities involve a broader set of costs and values than accounted for in the WQT policy design, ultimately making trading unviable.
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey’s Food Insecurity Questionnaire Completed by Children: Effects of Assessment Mode (Classroom Versus Interview)

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey’s food insecurity questionnaire was administered to 155 children (77 African American, 65 white, 13 “other” [7 Hispanic; 6 mixed races]) in grade 4 twice, 28–32 days apart. Test-retest reliabilities were modest and somewhat similar for assessment mode (classroom, interview) and subgroup variables (gender, race, socioeconomic status, academic achievement, body mass index percentile, social desirability). As academic achievement increased, white and other children reported less food insecurity, and African American children reported slightly less. As social desirability increased, white and African American children reported slightly more food insecurity, and other children reported substantially more. Although the questionnaire may be acceptable for use with diverse groups of children in grade 4, validation is needed.
Physical appearance and peer effects in academic performance

A large literature examines the role of peer effects in shaping student academic outcomes. This article adds to that literature by introducing a new kind of peer effect – the effect of classmate ph...
Community health worker interventions to promote psychosocial outcomes among people living with HIV-A systematic review

Background Community health worker (CHW) interventions are a successful strategy to promote health among HIV-negative and persons living with HIV (PLWH). Psychosocial factors are critical dimensions of HIV/AIDS care contributing to prognosis of the disease, yet it is unclear how CHW interventions improve psychosocial outcomes in PLWH. The purpose of this study was to critically appraise the types, scope, and nature of CHW interventions designed to address psychosocial outcomes in PLWH. Methods We performed database searches-PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane-to identify randomized controlled trials published in English before April 2017. Fourteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Results Half of the studies were conducted in the United States. Social cognitive theory was used more than once in nine theory-guided studies. CHW interventions were largely focused on reducing depression (n = 6) or stigma related to HIV (n = 4), or promoting quality of life (n = 4), social support (n = 4), and self-efficacy (n = 4). Didactic methods and role-playing were used to train CHWs. CHWs played multiple roles in delivering intervention, including a counselor and a supporter (n = 10), educator (n = 5), or a navigator (n = 3). CHW intervention fidelity was assessed in 4 studies. Five studies found positive changes in six psychosocial outcomes including quality of life (2 of 4) and self-efficacy (2 of 4). CHW interventions had no effect on social support in 2 of 4 studies, and stigma in 3 of 4 studies. None of the CHW interventions were successful in reducing depressive symptoms among PLWH. Conclusions Evidence partially supported the use of CHWs in promoting psychosocial outcomes in PLWH. Future CHW intervention should be expanded in scope to address key psychosocial determinants of HIV/AIDS outcomes such as health literacy. Further, fidelity measures should be incorporated into intervention delivery.
Putting Making into High School Computer Science Classrooms: Promoting Equity in Teaching and Learning with Electronic Textiles in Exploring Computer Science

Recent discussions of making have focused on developing out-of-school makerspaces and activities to provide more equitable and enriching learning opportunities for youth. Yet school classrooms pres...
Repurposing the quinoline antibiotic nitroxoline to treat infections caused by the brain-eating amoebaBalamuthia mandrillaris

Balamuthia mandrillaris is a pathogenic free-living amoeba that causes a rare but almost always fatal infection of the central nervous system called granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Two distinct forms of B. mandrillaris - a proliferative trophozoite form and a non-proliferative cyst form, which is highly resistant to harsh physical and chemical conditions - have been isolated from environmental samples worldwide and are both observed in infected tissue. Patients suffering from GAE are typically treated with aggressive and prolonged multi-drug regimens often including the antimicrobial agents miltefosine and pentamidine isethionate. However, survival rates remain low and studies evaluating the susceptibility of B. mandrillaris to these compounds and other potential therapeutics are limited. To address the need for more effective treatments, we screened 2,177 clinically-approved compounds for in vitro activity against B. mandrillaris . The quinoline antibiotic nitroxoline, which has safely been used in humans to treat urinary tract infections, was identified as a lead compound. We show that nitroxoline inhibits both trophozoites and cysts at low micromolar concentrations, which are within a physiologically relevant range. We compare the in vitro efficacy of nitroxoline to drugs currently used in the standard of care for GAE and find that nitroxoline is the most potent and selective inhibitor of B. mandrillaris tested. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nitroxoline prevents B. mandrillaris -mediated destruction of host cells in cultured fibroblast and primary brain explant models also at physiologically relevant concentrations. Together, our findings indicate that nitroxoline is a promising candidate for repurposing as a novel treatment of B. mandrillaris infections.
Things Are Changing so Fast: Integrative Technology for Preserving Cognitive Health and Community History.

Background and Objectives Multimodal interventions are increasingly targeting multiple cognitive decline risk factors. However, technology remains mostly adjunctive, largely prioritizes age relevancy over cultural relevancy, and often targets individual health without lasting, community-wide deliverables. Meanwhile, African Americans remain overburdened by cognitive risk factors yet underrepresented in cognitive health and technology studies. The Sharing History through Active Reminiscence and Photo-imagery (SHARP) program increases physical, social, and cognitive activity within a culturally meaningful context that produces community deliverables-an oral history archive and cognitive health education. Design and Methods The SHARP application was tested with 19 African Americans ≥55 years, aiming for an easy, integrative, and culturally meaningful experience. The application guided triads in walks 3 times weekly for 6 months in Portland, Oregon's historically Black neighborhoods; local historical images prompted recorded conversational reminiscence. Focus groups evaluated factors influencing technology acceptance-attitudes about technology, usefulness, usability, and relevance to integrating program goals. Thematic analysis guided qualitative interpretation. Results Technology acceptance was influenced by group learning, paper-copy replicas for reluctant users, ease of navigation, usefulness for integrating and engaging in health behaviors, relevance to integrating individual benefit and the community priority of preserving history amidst gentrification, and flexibility in how the community uses deliverables. Perceived community benefits sustained acceptance despite intermittent technology failure. Discussion and Implications We offer applicable considerations for brain health technology design, implementation, and deliverables that integrate modalities, age, and cultural relevance, and individual and community benefit for more meaningful, and thus more motivated community engagement.
The Influence of Contaminated Sediments on Sustainable Use of the Planet

Sustainable use of the planet requires systems-level thinking and data management over large temporal and spatial spans. The 20th century was an era of specialization; the 21st century is almost certain to be an era of integration, but this integration will require robust data about contaminated sediments and other components. Moreover, all essential information must be in a form that is understandable to and operational for decision-makers. Sediments are an important part of the physical subsystem that humans propose to use indefinitely (i.e., for an estimated 15 billion years). A living subsystem is closely associated with this physical subsystem. Humans must modify the management of this subsystem to protect the integrity of the geophysical, ecological, climatic, and cyclic (e.g., hydrologic) components of the planet's biospheric life support system if they expect to use it sustainably. Human requirements from natural capital (i.e., living systems) and the services it provides must not exceed the capabilities of the resource. To this end, human economics and resource use must mesh with the economics of nature. Since resources are finite on a finite planet, human activities must be consistent with the ability of Earth's biospheric life support systems to absorb the effects of human activities. Sediments offer an excellent microcosm to develop this mutualistic relationship. A broad systems-level approach (i.e., the role of the sediment subsystem in the biospheric life support system) is a critical need for decision-makers. Some factors essential to meeting the needs of decision-makers involved with sustainable use of the planet are included.
A FORMULARY FOR TREATING CEPHALOPOD MOLLUSC DISEASES

ABSTRACT: During extensive mariculture experiments, we encountered various cases of external skin lesioning or internal systemic infections caused by bacteria and one epidemic of ectoparasitic protozoans responsible for extensive skin lesioning. In attempting to formulate disease treatment protocols, it became clear that no information existed on appropriate therapeutic agents, safe concentrations, or methods of application. For a wide range of antibacterial and antiprotozoal compounds, we present information on concentrations, duration and frequency of exposure, efficacy of the treatment, and any effects on the cephalopod species treated. Most work was on octopuses, with additional data pertaining to cuttlefishes and squids.
Fluorescence-guided surgery for high-grade gliomas

5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a prodrug that results in the fluorescence of high-grade gliomas relative to the surrounding brain parenchyma. 5-ALA has been increasingly utilized in fluorescence-guided surgery for these tumors, and its intraoperative use has been associated with a significantly improved extent of resection and progression-free survival. This review outlines the growing body of evidence that has culminated in the recent Food and Drug Administration approval of 5-ALA, as well as emerging applications for this agent.
Effect of density ratio on velocity fluctuations in dispersed multiphase flow from simulations of finite-size particles

Velocity fluctuations in the carrier phase and dispersed phase of a dispersed multiphase flow are studied using particle-resolved direct numerical simulation. The simulations correspond to a statistically homogeneous problem with an imposed mean pressure gradient and are presented for $${Re}_{m}=20$$ and a wide range of dispersed phase volume fractions $$\left( 0.1 \le \phi \le 0.4 \right) $$ and density ratios of the dispersed phase to the carrier phase $$\left( 0.001 \le \rho _\mathrm{p}/\rho _\mathrm{f} \le 1000 \right) $$ . The velocity fluctuations in the fluid and dispersed phase at the statistically stationary state are quantified by the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and granular temperature, respectively. It is found that the granular temperature increases with a decrease in the density ratio and then reaches an asymptotic value. The qualitative trend of the behavior is explained by the added mass effect, but the value of the coefficient that yields quantitative agreement is non-physical. It is also shown that the TKE has a similar dependence on the density ratio for all volume fractions studied here other than $$\phi =0.1$$ . The anomalous behavior for $$\phi =0.1$$ is hypothesized to arise from the interaction of particle wakes at higher volume fractions. The study of mixture kinetic energy for different cases indicates that low-density ratio cases are less efficient in extracting energy from mean flow to fluctuations.
A Director Primacy View on CEO Dismissals

What is the role of shareholders in CEO dismissal decisions? The shareholder primacy view calls for increasing shareholder rights to enhance shareholder control over corporate decisions such as CEO dismissals. The director primacy view on the other hand suggests that directors are a powerful authority not just independent from management, but also from shareholder influence. We suggest that the continued calls for shareholder empowerment decrease directors’ authority to discipline an underperforming CEO. We also suggest that outside director ownership can induce accountability in strong corporate boards and maintain the value of authority. We test our theory in a longitudinal study of large U.S. manufacturing firms over 1,138 firm-years and find support for the predictions that directors initiate CEO changes if shareholder influence over board decisions is limited and outside director ownership is high.
The Next Logical Step

The decision with the most lasting impact on the U.S. space program made during the presidency of Ronald Reagan was likely his commitment to developing a space station. A permanently occupied human outpost in Earth orbit had been a central element in planning for space development since even before government programs began in the late 1950s, and had been proposed in 1969, and rejected by the Nixon administration, as the major space initiative to follow Project Apollo. As they assumed National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) leadership in 1981, Beggs and Mark made getting presidential approval for the space station their top priority in terms of new programs. After failing to get early approval, NASA in 1982 began to build its case for the space station. SIG (Space) undertook an interagency review of the station, aiming at a presidential decision in late 1983. The National Security Council’s Rye, who had become convinced that the station was the right next step, was a central figure in managing that review.
Leptin-induced Notch and IL-1 signaling crosstalk in endometrial adenocarcinoma is associated with invasiveness and chemoresistance.

Leptin-induced Notch and IL-1 signaling crosstalk in endometrial adenocarcinoma is associated with invasiveness and chemoresistance
AC vs. DC Boost Converters: A Detailed Conduction Loss Comparison

Studies have shown the efficiency benefits of DC distribution systems are largely due to the superior performance of DC/DC converters. Nonetheless, these studies are often based on product data that differs widely in manufacturer and operating voltage. This work develops a rigorous loss model to theoretically compare the efficiency of a DC/DC and an AC/DC PFC boost converter. It ensures each converter has the same components and equivalent operating voltages. The results show AC boost converters below 500 W to have 2.9 to 4.2 times the loss of DC.
The role of a pharmacist as a medical information specialist in the pharmaceutical industry.

Abstract Introduction The literature has limited information on pharmacists working in the alternate career path of a medical information specialist in the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study was to gather the background, functions, and skills of pharmacists working in the role of a medical information specialist (MIS) and their preparation for the role through their pharmacy education. Methods An electronic survey was sent to medical information departments and obtained information on educational background, prior job experience, and skills required for the MIS role. The survey also asked for suggestions on how pharmacy schools can prepare students for this role. Results The survey was sent to 40 medical information departments from September to December 2017 and a total of 33 pharmacists responded. Approximately half of the responders did not complete post graduate training. The role of a MIS includes answering medical information questions and collecting adverse events and product complaints. Skills rated as important to the role as a MIS were communication skills, medical writing, and literature evaluation. Four pharmacists thought their pharmacy education definitely prepared them for role in medical information. The pharmacists suggested pharmacy curriculum focus more on drug information skills, structure of the pharmaceutical industry, and providing opportunities to improve emotional intelligence and critical thinking. Conclusion The information collected in this survey can provide valuable insight for students interested in this career path. In addition, pharmacy schools may include more opportunities during the didactic and experiential years to help prepare students for this alternate career path.
Whose job is it

Playing the role of the doting auntie, I was recently doing the bedtime routine when my six year old nephew and I stumbled upon the following story.
Pediatric Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room: Safety and Systems

Anesthesia care performed outside the operating room is a growing area of pediatric anesthesia practice. The anesthesiology team expects to care for children in diverse locations, which include diagnostic and interventional radiology, gastroenterology and pulmonary endoscopy suites, radiation oncology sites, and the cardiac catheterization laboratory. To provide safe, high-quality care the anesthesiologist working in these environments must understand the unique environmental, logistical, and perioperative considerations and risks involved with each remote location. This 2-part review provides an overview of safety and system considerations in pediatric nonoperating room anesthesia before describing in more detail considerations for particular remote anesthetizing locations.
Predicting Coordinated Actuated Traffic Signal Change Times using LSTM Neural Networks.

Vehicle acceleration and deceleration maneuvers at traffic signals results in significant fuel and energy consumption levels. Green light optimal speed advisory systems require reliable estimates of signal switching times to improve vehicle fuel efficiency. Obtaining these estimates is difficult for actuated signals where the length of each green indication changes to accommodate varying traffic conditions. This study details a four-step Long Short-Term Memory deep learning-based methodology that can be used to provide reasonable switching time estimates from green to red and vice versa while being robust to missing data. The four steps are data gathering, data preparation, machine learning model tuning, and model testing and evaluation. The input to the models included controller logic, signal timing parameters, time of day, traffic state from detectors, vehicle actuation data, and pedestrian actuation data. The methodology is applied and evaluated on data from an intersection in Northern Virginia. A comparative analysis is conducted between different loss functions including the mean squared error, mean absolute error, and mean relative error used in LSTM and a new loss function is proposed. The results show that while the proposed loss function outperforms conventional loss functions in terms of overall absolute error values, the choice of the loss function is dependent on the prediction horizon. In particular, the proposed loss function is outperformed by the mean relative error for very short prediction horizons and mean squared error for very long prediction horizons.
What Role Should Chemistry Education Play in Addressing Societal Trust of Applications of Chemistry

Among the sciences, the position of chemistry in communicating beneficial applications is often fraught with the challenge of applying fundamental concepts to complex real-world situations. This tension is playing out at present as people are accessing a variety of sources, some much less reliable than others, in their decision making about whether to trust emerging vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. This editorial speaks to the need to address the issue of differences in the public trust about different aspects of chemistry. A disparity of trust among many members of the general public between long-familiar consumer products, such as the glues and adhesives being featured in National Chemistry Week in 2020, and new and arguably more complex applications in confronting the current pandemic calls for a response from chemistry educators.
Bennett’s Fracture

Bennett described the fracture-dislocation of the thumb metacarpal that bears his name in 1882 and again in 1886 (Fig. 10-1 A). When this injury occurs, the abductor pollicis longus pulls the thumb metacarpal proximally, dislocating it and causing an adducted posture of the thumb and consequent narrowing of the thumb-web space. Should the fracture-dislocation remain in this position or be inadequately reduced, circumduction of the trapeziometacarpal joint will be compromised, and painful posttraumatic arthritis can be anticipated later. Each of these unfortunate conditions will compromise pinch, grasp, and grip. Accurate restoration of the joint surface of the metacarpal is necessary if one is to avoid these troublesome consequences.
Auditory Stimulation, Sleep Loss and the EEG Stages of Sleep

Chronic loss of sleep may impair performance and cause psychological distress. In fact, severe disturbances of sleep precede and accompany most acute psychiatric syndromes, and complaints of sleeplessness are among the most frequent symptoms presented to the general medical practitioner.
Mobilizing Metaphor: Considering Complexities, Contradictions, and Contexts in Adolescent Girls’ and Young Women’s Sexual Agency

With clarity and elegance, Bay-Cheng (2015) has provided a solid articulation of how neoliberalism has infiltrated the sexual lives of many girls and young women. Without question, research in the U.S. and the Anglophone West, as well as current trends in popular culture and the media in these locales, warrant recognizing neoliberal sexual agency and understanding the variety of ways it interacts with the slut/prude/virgin continuum. While some research has evidenced the salience of neoliberal sexual agency for some adolescent girls, we depart with Bay-Cheng’s (2015) assertion that developmental and age differences not be taken into account and question the primacy of neoliberal sexual agency as a new and comparable hegemony to the slut/prude/virgin continuum. We suggest that there remain other forms of sexual agency that should not be displaced or disregarded and wonder whether a paradigm shift from model to metaphor may be helpful for capturing the complexity, contradictions and contexts that constitute girls’ and young women’s sexuality.
Perfect Local Computability and Computable Simulations

We study perfectly locally computable structures, which are (possibly uncountable) structures ${\mathcal{S}}$ that have highly effective presentations of their local properties. We show that every such ${\mathcal{S}}$ can be simulated, in a strong sense and even over arbitrary finite parameter sets, by a computable structure. We also study the category theory of a perfect cover of ${\mathcal{S}}$, examining its connections to the category of all finitely generated substructures of ${\mathcal{S}}$.
HOME BIAS AND INTERNATIONAL BETTING MARKETS: CAN INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS AND BEHAVIORAL BIASES LEAD TO ARBITRAGE PROFITS?

The international sports betting markets are becoming more global, but there is still a large concentration of local bettors in gambling markets of individual countries. Home loyalty and other patterns of human behavior might lead to odds for international competitions being different in different countries with less favorable odds being quoted in the home country; the home bias effect. In this paper we explain the logic of this phenomena and examine a small data set to show the existence of the bias in three different sports: tennis, golf, and European football. We also suggest ideas for a more thorough investigation of the home bias phenomenon.
Numerical Solutions of Differential Equations

The reader is probably familiar with the differential equation y′ = ky from calculus. Often it is introduced as a simple model for population growth or accumulating interest. For example, if p(x) represents the population of bacteria in a laboratory sample at time x and the population increases by fixed percentage during each time interval, then it is reasonable to assume that there is k > 0 so that p′ = kp: the rate of change of the size of the population, as reflected by the derivative, is proportional to the population. The larger the population, the more individuals that are added to it during each time interval. If we wish a more sophisticated model that takes into account the fact that the crowding of a large population may effect growth negatively, then we might reflect this by adding a quadratic term to get w′ = kw − aw2 where both k and a are positive. When the population is small, kw is greater than aw2, the derivative is positive, and the population is growing. As w increases the difference between kw and aw2 decreases until we reach a point where aw2 is larger than kw, the derivative is negative and the population is shrinking.
Disseminated gastrointestinal sarcoidosis: Case report and review of the literature

Abstract A patient with long-standing sarcoidosis was found to have jejunal atrophy and nonnecrotizing granulomas of the stomach, small bowel, and colon when she presented with malabsorption. There were no radiologic abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms of malabsorption rapidly abated with corticosteroid treatment given for severe pulmonary disease. Gastrointestinal sarcoidosis was clearly established, although coincident celiac sprue could not be excluded. A brief discussion and literature review of gatrointestinal sarcoidosis is included.