cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovery From Mobility Limitation in Middle-Aged African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

Background Despite evidence that African Americans shoulder a high burden of mobility limitation, little is known about factors associated with recovery. Methods Participants from the Jackson Heart Study underwent three in-person exams from 2000-2013. Mobility limitations were assessed over this period by self-reported limitations in walking half a mile or climbing stairs during annual phone calls. The outcome of interest, recovery from mobility limitation, was defined as no mobility limitation the year following an incident event. Candidate predictor variables were assessed in logistic regression models, including sociodemographic, psychosocial, and health measures. Inverse probability weights were used to address missing data in the outcome. Results Among 4,526 participants [mean (SD) age = 54.5 (12.8) years] without a mobility limitation at baseline, 1,445 (32%) had an incident mobility limitation over 12 years of follow-up, and 709 (49%) reported recovery from mobility limitation by one year later. Low income and daily discrimination were associated with a lower likelihood of recovery even after adjustment for covariates. In adjusted models, greater comorbidity was associated with a lower likelihood of recovering (p-value for trend = 0.05). History of heart failure and cancer were associated with a lower likelihood of recovering from mobility limitation (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.94 and 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.00). Adiposity, smoking status, and physical activity were not associated with recovery from mobility limitation. Conclusion Half of incident mobility limitations in this population of middle-aged African Americans were transient. Adverse sociodemographic factors and comorbidities were associated with lower likelihood of recovery.
Nacionalismo, identidade e recoñecemento cultural: os Galician Studies e o xiro posnacional.

galegoEste artigo proporciona un contexto interdisciplinar para reflexionar sobre o rol do nacionalismo galego na configuracion de narrativas e identidades historicamente invisibilizadas polos discursos hexemonicos. A traves dunha analise historica das loitas que afrontaron as asociacions de mulleres en Galicia, os intelectuais galeguistas e o nacionalismo galego durante o franquismo, este texto procura combater as miradas esencialistas que describen o nacionalismo galego. Ademais, repasaremos como lonxe de reificar identidades, o nacionalismo galego axudou historicamente a grupos e culturas invisibilizadas a restablecer a sua identidade e a organizar accions colectivas. EnglishThis article aims to provide an interdisciplinary context to reflect on how nationalist historical struggles have configured narratives and identities of political and spiritual redemption, and how both misrecognized narratives and identities are currently challenged by liberal and postnational frameworks. It will first attempt to de-essentialize Galician nationalism through a historical analysis of the struggles faced by Galician women’s associations, "galeguistas" and Galician nationalists during Fanco’s regime. Moreover, we will review how, far from reifying identity, Galician nationalism has historically helped misrecognized groups and cultures re-enact group identity and galvanize collective action.
In the Shadow

In the shadow of COVID 19 we fear for the health and well being of family, friends, villages, island communities, our world for people we know and don't know, rich or poor, near and far, in our ocean and beyond for a world that has lost key values, cowered to greed, material comfort and success [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Oceania is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Staggered Metallization with Air gaps for Independently Tuned Interconnect Resistance and Capacitance

An innovative 300mm process architecture that improves interconnect resistance and capacitance is presented. Test structures patterned in novel geometries that lower wiring RC are fabricated, and electrical measurements are compared to simulated values from material and geometrical parameters. Circuit studies with representative examples of such interconnects were performed to quantify the benefit in microprocessor performance and power.
The Hardware to Software Interface

The main interface between the application software and the RTL is the Register Address Map. The register address map is shared across multiple disciplines in the design process.
Taking “The Promise” Seriously: Medical Sociology’s Role in Health, Illness, and Healing in a Time of Social Change

In 1959, C.W. Mills published his now famous treatise on what sociology uniquely brings to understanding the world and the people in it. Every sociologist, of whatever ilk, has had at least a brush with the “sociological imagination,” and nearly everyone who has taken a sociology course has encountered some version of it. As Mills argued, the link between the individual and society, between personal troubles and social issues, between biography and history, or between individual crises and institutional contradictions represents the core vision of the discipline of sociology. While reminding ourselves of the “promise” may be a bit trite, its mention raises the critical question: Why do we have to continually remind ourselves of the unique contribution that we, as sociologists, bring to understanding health, illness, and healing?
TH-F-304-02: Overview of Non-Target Doses, Concerns, and Summary of Recommendations

The introduction of advanced techniques and technology in radiotherapy has greatly improved our ability to deliver highly conformal tumor doses while minimizing the dose to the adjacent organs at risk. Despite these tremendous improvements there remains a general concern about doses to normal tissues outside the target volume. As patients live longer after treatment, there is increased opportunity for late effects including second cancers and cardiac toxicity to manifest. Complicating the management of these issues, there are unique challenges with measuring, calculating, and reducing non-target doses that many medical physicists may have limited experience with. Task Group (TG) 158, measurement and calculation of doses outside the treatment volume from external-beam radiation therapy was created to provide guidance for physicists in terms of assessing and managing non-target doses. This education session would highlight the major topics included TG-158. The principal objective for this session will be to provide guidance for medical physicists in terms of assessing and managing non-target doses. Learning Objectives: 1. To highlight major concerns with non-target radiation and provide a rough estimate of doses associated with different treatment approaches in clinical practice. 2. To discuss (a) uses of dosimeters and phantoms for measuring photon, electron, and neutron doses and (b) the use of calculation techniques (including Monte Carlo) for dosimetric evaluations. 3. To highlight techniques that may be considered for reducing non-target doses and summarize TG158 recommendations for both clinical and research practice.
Case report: left superior vena cava with associated heart and venous anomalies (719.13)

Cadaveric dissection by first year medical students is an important educational tool in learning normal anatomy, however dissection also provides the opportunity to discover anatomical variations. ...
Phylogenetic relationships of tropical western Atlantic snappers in subfamily Lutjaninae (Lutjanidae: Perciformes) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

Phylogenetic relationships among 20 nominal species of tropical lutjanine snappers (Lutjanidae) (12 from the western Atlantic, one from the eastern Pacific, and seven from the Indo-Pacific) were inferred based on 2206 bp (712 variable, 614 parsimony informative) from three protein-coding mitochondrial genes. Also included in the analysis were DNA sequences from two individuals, identified initially as Lutjanus apodus, which were sampled off the coast of Bahia State in Brazil (western Atlantic), and from three individuals labelled as ‘red snapper’ in the fish market in Puerto Armuelles, Panama (eastern Pacific). Bayesian posterior probabilities and maximum-likelihood bootstrap percentages strongly supported monophyly of all lutjanines sampled and the hypothesis that western Atlantic lutjanines are derived from an Indo-Pacific lutjanine lineage. The phylogenetic hypothesis also indicated that oceans where lutjanines are distributed (western Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and Indo-Pacific) are not reciprocally monophyletic for the species distributed within them. There were three strongly supported clades that included all western Atlantic lutjanines: one included six species of Lutjanus from the western Atlantic, two species of Lutjanus from the eastern Pacific, and the monotypic genera Rhomboplites and Ocyurus (western Atlantic); one that included three, probably four, species of Lutjanus in the western Atlantic; and one that included Lutjanus cyanopterus (western Atlantic), an unknown species of Lutjanus from the eastern Pacific, and three species of Lutjanus from the Indo-Pacific. Molecular-clock calibrations supported an early Miocene diversification of an Indo-Pacific lutjanine lineage that dispersed into the western Atlantic via the Panamanian Gateway. Divergent evolution among these lutjanines appears to have occurred both by vicariant and ecological speciation: the former following significant geographic or geological events, including both shoaling and closure of the Panamanian Gateway and tectonic upheavals, whereas the latter occurred via phenotypic diversification inferred to indicate adaptation to life in different habitats. Taxonomic revision of western Atlantic lutjanines appears warranted in that monotypic Ocyurus and Rhomboplites should be subsumed within the genus Lutjanus. Finally, it appears that retail mislabelling of ‘red snapper’ in commercial markets extends beyond the USA. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 102, 915–929.
Surface water–groundwater interaction and chemistry in a mineral-armored hydrothermal outflow channel, Yellowstone National Park, USA

Small quantities of groundwater interact with hydrothermal surface water to drive in-stream geochemical processes in a silica-armored hot-spring outflow channel in Yellowstone National Park, USA. The objective of this study was to characterize the hydrology and geochemistry of this unique system in order to (1) learn more about the Yellowstone Plateau’s subsurface water mixing between meteoric and hydrothermal waters and (2) learn more about the chemical and physical processes that lead to accumulation of streambed cements, i.e., streambed armor. A combination of hydrological, geochemical, mineralogical, microscopic, and petrographic techniques were used to identify groundwater and surface-water exchange. Interaction could be identified in winter because of differences in surface water and groundwater composition but interaction at other times of the year cannot be ruled out. Dissolved constituents originating from groundwater (e.g., Fe(II) and Mg) were traced downstream until oxidation and/or subsequent precipitation with silica removed them, particularly where high affinity substrates like cyanobacterial surfaces were present. Because the stream lies in a relatively flat drainage basin and is fed mainly by a seasonally relatively stable hot spring, this system allowed study of the chemical processes along a stream without the obscuring effects of sedimentation.
Trust in African Americans' Healthcare Experiences.

MurrayPurpose The purpose of the study is to clarify the concept of trust, identify its defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences, and apply to the healthcare experiences of African Americans. Background For African Americans, mistrust in the healthcare system is the result of unequal treatment that began in slavery. Fear and negative experiences engender a reluctance to trust healthcare providers, which contributes to health disparities. Design Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis was used to clarify the concept of trust. The concept was applied to African Americans’ healthcare experiences with discussion of opportunities for trust building. Data Source Data support for concept development was done using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, and online reference sources. Review Methods Literature review was guided by using the keyword trust. Further contextual explication was done by adding a review of literature from sociology and history regarding the evolution of African American mistrust of the U.S. healthcare system. Results The defining attributes of trust are dependence, willingness, and met expectations. Antecedents to trust include a need requiring the help of another and prior knowledge or experience. The consequence of trust is an evaluation of the congruence between expected and actual behaviors of the trusted person or thing. Literature review of the African American culture adds a dynamic aspect for nurses to consider when developing relationships in minority communities. Conclusion Trust is the willingness to enter a dependent relationship to have the needs addressed, and is maintained by met expectations. Rebuilding trusting relationships between providers and African American patients is a vital step toward reducing health disparities. Murray
Development of an x-ray Talbot-Lau moiré deflectometer for fast density profile measurements of dense plasmas generated by beam-target interactions

For the first time an x-ray Talbot-Lau moire deflectometer is being developed that will use a flash tube source and fast detector for dynamic density gradient measurements. In Talbot-Lau moire deflectometry, an x-ray grating makes an image of itself on a second grating (the Talbot effect) to produce a moire pattern on a detector. The test object is placed between these gratings, with variations in index of refraction changing the pattern. A third grating in front of an incoherent x-ray source produces an array of coherent sources. With a 150 kV x-ray flash tube as the source, the gratings are placed in a glancing angle setup for performance at ∼60 keV. The detector is a gated CCD with a fast scintillator for x-ray conversion. This diagnostic, designed for the Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test facility (DARHT) at Los Alamos National Laboratory, measures the density profile of dense plasma plumes ejected from beam-target interactions. DARHT has two high-current, pulsed, inductive linear electron accelerators with bremsstrahlung targets at the end of each beam line to create 2-D radiographic images of hydrodynamic tests. One multi-pulse accelerator has up to four beam pulses striking the same target within 2 μβ. Computer simulations that model target evolution and ejected material between pulses are used to design these targets for optimal radiographic performance; the x-ray deflectometer will directly measure density gradients in the ejected plumes and provide the first experimental constraints to these models. During the first year, currently underway, the diagnostic systems are being designed. In year two, the flash tube and fast detector will be deployed at DARHT for radiographic imaging while the deflectometer is built and tested on the bench with a continuous source. In year three, the fast deflectometer will be installed on DARHT and density measurements will be performed.
Exercise improves quality of life in bariatric surgery candidates: Results from the Bari-Active trial

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of a pre-bariatric surgery physical activity intervention (PAI), designed to increase bout-related (≥10-minute) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Bench-to-bedside review: Nitric oxide in critical illness – update 2008

Nitric oxide (NO) is a unique and nearly ubiquitous molecule that is widely utilized as a signaling molecule in cells throughout the body. NO is highly diffusible, labile, and multiply reactive, suiting it well for its role as an important regulator of a number of diverse biologic processes, including vascular tone and permeability, platelet adhesion, neurotransmission, and mitochondrial respiration. NO can protect cells against antioxidant injury, can inhibit leukocyte adhesion, and can participate in antimicrobial defense, but can also have deleterious effects, including inhibition of enzyme function, promotion of DNA damage, and activation of inflammatory processes. This molecule's chemistry dictates its biologic activity, which can be both direct and indirect. In addition, NO has bimodal effects in a number of cells, maintaining homeostasis at low doses, and participating in pathophysiology in others. Perturbation of NO regulation is involved in the most important and prevalent disease processes in critical care units, including sepsis, acute lung injury, and multiple organ failure. Given that NO is ubiquitous, highly diffusible, and promiscuously reactive, its regulation is complex. The NO concentration, kinetics, and localization, both inside and outside the cell, are clearly crucial factors. In the present update we review a selection of studies that have yielded important information on these complex but important issues. Interpretation of these and other studies aimed at elucidating physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of NO must take this complexity into account. A full review of the role of NO in these diseases is beyond the scope of the current manuscript; the present article will focus on recent advances in understanding the complex role of NO in health and disease.
The evolution and revolution of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

(2004). The evolution and revolution of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 461-464.
Path tracking through uncharted moving obstacles

The problem of planning motions for a mobile robot in the presence of objects moving on unknown trajectories and with unknown velocities is addressed. The robot must follow a predefined path with a given tolerance and reach its destination by a given time without colliding with any obstacle. Objects are represented by nonintersecting discs in the plane, and the robot by a point. The proposed method relies on the use of sensors to detect obstacles, and interleaves path planning with execution. Experimental results obtained both in simulation and with a real robot are shown. >
Kinetics of the precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide: The locus of polymerization

Abstract The precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) has been carried out at 50 and 70 ∘ C in supercritical carbon dioxide ( scCO 2 ) , using a continuous stirred-tank reactor. Three kinetic models are compared with experimental data on the rate of polymerization and the viscosity-average molecular weight. The first model, the “solution polymerization” model, is based on the assumption that all reactions: initiation, propagation, and termination, take place in the fluid phase; no reaction takes place in the polymer phase. In the second model, the “surface polymerization” model, chain initiation is assumed to occur in the fluid phase, whereas chain propagation and termination occur in a thin zone on the surface of the polymer particles. The third model, the “interior polymerization” model, is similar to the “surface polymerization” model, except that chain propagation and chain termination take place uniformly throughout each polymer particle. Monomer is assumed to be in phase equilibrium between the supercritical fluid and the polymerization zone. The surface polymerization and interior polymerization models both provide a much better description of the experimental data than the solution polymerization model. This suggests that a significant portion of AA polymerization takes place in the polymer phase, when scCO 2 is the reaction medium. However, the data do not support a choice between the surface and interior polymerization models.
Remote Reservoir Resistivity Mapping - Breakthrough Geophysics For The Upstream

Abstract Marine controlled-source electromagnetic surveying has emerged as a new tool for remotely detecting reservoired hydrocarbons offshore. The technology was pioneered by university and government researchers over the past 25 years, and recently has benefited from development by contractors and the oil industry, including ExxonMobil. When integrated carefully with other geoscience information, primarily seismic, marine CSEM shows promise for adding considerable value in Upstream applications. Remote reservoir resistivity detection and imaging results from a recent ExxonMobil survey demonstrate this technology. Early Marine CSEM Development Offshore CSEM research began in the 1920's with studies of seafloor power cables, and saw the first commercial minerals survey offshore Cornwall, England a decade later. The research that led to today's commercial methods began in earnest much later, primarily at the British Geological Survey and UCSD Scripps Institution of Oceanography in the 1970's. Many other university and government groups started research on the technology about that time, and many continue to the present. Exxon began investigating marine CSEM in early 1981 using theory and computer modeling, and scoped the feasibility of field tests. Results looked promising for very deep water applications. However, the lack of suitable acquisition equipment, limited deep water opportunities, and the emphasis on the (then) new 3D marine seismic technology resulted in deferring further marine CSEM research.
TH‐A‐116‐11: Multiple Isocenter IMAT: Impact of Technique On Junction Error Robustness

Purpose: Many techniques of delivering multiple isocentric IMRT or IMAT have been described. However, these studies have considered different treatment sites, reported different dosimetric parameters, and considered a limited degree of junction error, typically a 1D beam placement error of 3 mm. This work provides a direct comparison of these techniques by utilizing a consistent set of dosimetric parameters and a common treatment, craniospinal irradiation. Methods: Seven IMAT treatment plans were created, with three main features: (Method1) target subvolumes used to explicitly control the transition of dose from one set of beams to another in the junction region, (Method2) staggering the jaw settings for a set of arcs that overlap with another set of arc fields but not directly controlling the dose transition, (Method3) arranging beams to overlap 5–10 cm and allowing the inverse planning system to control the junction dose. Method3 was subdivided into three and four isocenter plans; four isocenter plans had greatest beam overlap. Then, the beam isocenters were off set 0.25 and 0.5 cm in each dimension (3D); therefore junction errors of 1.0 cm or greater were considered. For all plans, a total of 6 junction errors were considered. Results: Dosimetric impact of junction error was limited mostly to target volumes. The PTV V95 degraded by 6% to 9% and 1% to 3% for the 0.5 and 0.25 cm junction errors, respectively. For the CTV the V95 was impacted by 0.5% to 2.6% and 0.1% to 0.7%, respectively. The four isocenter plans of Method 3 consistently showed the largest degradation in V95 and V105 for both the PTV and CTV. Method1 and three field plans of Method 3 showed the least change in V95 and V105. Conclusion: Robust multiple isocenter IMAT plans, in terms of junction error, can be achieved with proper inverse planning techniques.
Unusual Grignard Reaction of 1-Acetylbenzo[a]pyrene

A unique dimeric alcohol, 2,4-bis(l-benzo[ a ]pyrenyl)-4-met hyl-2-pentanol (IV a ), was formed in excellent yield by the Grignard reaction of 1-acet ylbenzo[ a ]pyrene (D and met hyl magnesium iodide. This unusual product was isolated when a hydrochloric acid solution was used in the work-up. Use of an ammonium chloride work-up did not give the dimeric alcohol. The preparation and some properties of other 1-substituted benzo[ a ]pyrenes are described.
Cu(d, 3He)Ni reactions at 34.2 MeV

Abstract Deuterons accelerated to 34.2 MeV were used to investigate (d, 3 He) reactions on 63 Cu and 65 Cu. Angular distributions were compared with local zero-range DW calculations from which the transferred angular momenta and spectroscopic factors were deduced. Strong excitation of the first excited states of the residual nuclei was observed in disagreement with model calculations.
HEPATOBILIARY MANIFESTATIONS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Hepatobiliary abnormalities occur frequently in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The association between ulcerative colitis and liver disease was described as early as 1874. 126 Initial studies suggested that hepatobiliary complications occurred more frequently in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's disease, but subsequent studies have confirmed that hepatobiliary complications occur with similar frequency in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. 32,46,98,99 A large number of hepatobiliary abnormalities have now been described in association with IBD, as follows: Primary sclerosing cholangitis PSC Pericholangitis Cirrhosis Chronic hepatitis Cholangiocarcinoma Fatty liver Amyloidosis Granulomatous hepatitis Biliary lithiasis Primary biliary cirrhosis Hepatic abscess Portal vein thrombosis The most commonly reported disorders include PSC, pericholangitis, chronic hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, and cholelithiasis. 46,134
Ontogeny of odorant receptor gene expression in zebrafish, Danio rerio

We cloned three putative odorant receptor (OR) genes from the zebrafish to use as in situ hybridization probes to follow the temporal patterns of neurons expressing OR genes through a developmental progression from embryo (12 h postfertilization) to adult. The identification of these genes is supported by sequence homology to previously reported ORs and by the morphology and location of labeled cells in in situ hybridization experiments. Cells expressing OR mRNA were first observed in the olfactory placodes between 31 and 38 h after fertilization (fish reared at 26 degrees C). Initially, only single cells were observed to hybridize the probe; the number of labeled cells increased throughout the remainder of embryogenesis and through postembryonic growth and morphogenesis of the olfactory organ. At all ages, the positively hybridizing cells were scattered throughout the olfactory epithelium but not in the nonsensory epithelium of the olfactory organ.
Determination of inorganic anions by flow injection analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography combined with photolytic-electrochemical detection

Abstract Post-column, on-line photolytic derivatization in liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for some inorganic anions is described. Flow injection analysis and ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography followed by photolysis and electrochemical detection were used for the determinations of anions. Several operation conditions, such as mobile phase, lamp used for the photolysis, flow-rate, and applied potential, have been optimized for the determinations. Analytical figures of merit were determined. Method validation was carried out by the analysis of single blind, spiked samples. Inherent from the advantages of electrochemical detection in liquid chromatography, the methods is of high sensitivity and selectivity for anion analysis.
Reaction of water-stable C60 aggregates with ozone.

While the reactivity of C60 has been described in a variety of organic solvents, little information is available regarding aqueous-based reactions due to solubility limitations. In this study, a reaction between C60, as a nanoscale suspension, and dissolved ozone in the aqueous phase was investigated. Findings indicate a facile reaction occurs, resulting in aggregate dissolution concurrent with formation of water-soluble fullerene oxide species. Product analyses, including 13C NMR, MS (LDI), FTIR, UV−Vis, and XPS, indicate highly oxidized fullerene with an average of ∼29 oxygen additions per molecule, arranged in repeating hydroxyl and hemiketal functionalities. These findings are significant in that they (1) demonstrate the feasibility of other aqueous-based fullerene chemistries, including those for alternative synthesis routes, which might otherwise be considered prohibitive on the basis of solubility limitations, and (2) imply that the aqueous reactivity of fullerene-based materials must be considered...
Threshold analysis and programs for prevention of HIV infection.

Background. Measuring the economic effectiveness of HIV-infection prevention activities poses special challenges in terms of behavioral change and health outcomes assessment. Methods. One way to ad...
A transgenic immunoglobulin Mu gene prevents rearrangement of endogenous genes

Transgenic mice containing a microinjected rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) mu heavy chain gene were examined for the effects on DNA rearrangement of the endogenous Ig genes. Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) cell lines were isolated from pre-B cells of transgenic mice and of normal littermates. Microinjected mu gene RNA and a mu heavy chain protein were synthesized in every transgenic A-MuLV cell line. Only 10% of normal mouse A-MuLV transformants synthesized mu protein. A germ-line JH allele was observed in 40% of the transgenic lines, demonstrating that the block to endogenous Ig DNA rearrangement occurred at the first step of heavy chain DNA joining. All alleles were rearranged in normal mouse A-MuLV lines. Germline JH alleles were also detected in 10% of the transgenic hybridomas derived from proliferating B cells. Our results support a model of active prevention of rearrangement by the product of successfully rearranged mu genes.
A photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of the interaction between H2O and oxygen on Ag(110)

Abstract The adsorption and reaction of H 2 O with adsorbed oxygen atoms on Ag(110) was examined by UPS. In agreement with previous EELS results, H 2 O formed multilayers of ice upon adsorption at 140 K. The ice layers could be easily distinguished from monolayer coverages of chemisorbed H 2 O (present above 160 K) by UPS. The ice layers produced (1) strong attenuation of the emission from the Ag d-bands, (2) a nearly 2 eV shift of H 2 O valence levels to higher binding energy and (3) strong attenuation of emission from the H 2 O 3a 1 orbital. H 2 O was observed to react stoichiometrically with O(a) above 250 K to produce a pure layer of adsorbed hydroxyl species. The UPS spectra for these species exhibited features at −5.8 and −8.7 eV, as well as strong features above the d-bands. These spectra were compared with those for OH(a) on other surfaces, and the difficulties of identifying OH by UPS due to contamination by excess H 2 O are discussed.
Passivity and passivity breakdown in nickel aluminide

Abstract The electrochemical behavior of ductile nickel aluminide has been examined in alkaline, acidic and neutral solutions. Conditions for passive behavior, as well as for passivity breakdown, have been defined. The experimental results are compared with those obtained with the pure constituent metals, Ni and Al. Pitting has been observed not only in chloride-containing solutions, but in sulfuric acid in a certain potential range. This pitting is believed to be caused by a potential-dependent transition from the passive to the active state. The corrosion resistance of nickel aluminide appears to be similar to that of pure nickel.
Human body tolerance to high energy trauma: influence of subcutaneous and visceral fat

Abstract Every year in the US, over 40,000 individuals are killed and more than 3 million others injured as a result of motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). The economic cost of crash injuries each year is greater than $230 billion. In order to improve vehicle safety, a better understanding of the mechanism by which injuries are caused in current crashes as well as the human factors that affect injury tolerance is required. Biomechanical studies using cadavers suggest that factors such as bone density, muscle mass and body geometry influence the body’s ability to tolerate injurious forces. We hypothesized that fat in both the subcutaneous and visceral compartments may act as an energy absorbing material and affect injury patterns in MVCs. This study examined the relationship between the severity of the injuries sustained in MVCs and that occupant’s subcutaneous and visceral fat volumes as measured by CT. 139 adults MVC occupants were studied. Field and vehicle inspection was performed to determine crash configuration, crash severity and restraint use. All of the patients received CT evaluation of their abdomen and pelvis as part of their trauma workup. A three-dimensional image of the abdomen was reconstructed and volumetric measurement of both the subcutaneous and visceral fat were performed on a two-inch slab at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. The results showed that increased volume of either subcutaneous or visceral fat correlated with a significant decrease in the overall Injury Severity Score (ISS) (p
Optimal filters for high-speed compressive detection in spectroscopy

Recent advances allow for the construction of filters with precisely defined frequency response for use in Raman chemical spectroscopy. In this paper we give a probabilistic interpretation of the output of such filters and use this to give an algorithm to design optimal filters to minimize the mean squared error in the estimated photon emission rates for multiple spectra. Experiments using these filters demonstrate that detecting as few as ~10 Raman scattered photons in as little time as ~30μs can be sufficient to positively distinguish chemical species. This speed should allow "chemical imaging" of samples.
Ileo-anal j-pouch cancer: an unusual case in an unusual location

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouchanal anastomosis (IPAA) is the surgical treatment of choice for complicated ulcerative colitis. Development of ileal pouch-related cancer is a rare event and usually occurs in association with backwash ileitis or chronic pouchitis. We report a case of adenocarcinoma at the inlet of an ileal pouch in a 68-year-old Caucasian male, 14 years after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis in the absence of severe chronic pouchitis or backwash ileitis. The operative technique is described, with a review of the literature on ileal pouch cancer.
The role of managerial incentives in bank acquisitions

Abstract This paper examines the effect of variables related to management incentives, corporate governance, and performance on the likelihood a bank is acquired. We find that banks with higher levels of management ownership are less likely to be acquired, particularly in acquisitions where target managers depart from their jobs following the acquisition. We document high rates of management turnover following bank acquisitions. This evidence is consistent with an entrenchment hypothesis, where management teams block attempts to be acquired. We find little evidence that any other incentive, governance, or performance variables are systematically related to the probability a bank is acquired.
Short-term/working memory impairments in aphasia: Data, models, and their application to aphasia rehabilitation

Much of the extant research in language processing and language impairment has focused on elements of linguistic representation that are accessed and retrieved in comprehension, repetition, and pro...
Perceiving control, construing benefits, and daily processes in rheumatoid arthritis

AbstractTo examine the influence of perceived pain control and pain benefit appraisals on adjustment to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we followed fifty-four RA patients for seventy-five days. After completing measures of dispositional optimism and appraisals of control over, and benefits from, their ch
Moderate Sedation for Chest Physicians

Specialists in pulmonary and critical care medicine frequently perform invasive procedures that may require sedation or anesthesia for patient comfort. The number and complexities of interventional pulmonary procedures that can be performed in the bronchoscopy suite or critical care unit continues to expand. Procedures that formerly were done only in the operating room on inpatients are now done routinely in the office, ambulatory surgery center, or hospital outpatient department. No matter the setting, the key to successfully performing these procedures is a safe, pain-free environment for the patient. Anesthesia care and procedural sedation services share the goals of providing the patient comfort during a painful procedure and the operating physician an acceptable working environment. Historically, anesthesiologists have applied the expertise gained in managing anesthesia for major surgeries to sedation care for minor procedures. While the supply of anesthesiologists and anesthetists has shown only a modest increase, the growth in minimally invasive procedures has been explosive in recent years. To meet demand, a service, originally known as conscious sedation and now referred to as moderate sedation , has become common, in which the operating physician supervises a specially trained sedation nurse. This article will provide a clinical definition of moderate sedation and then focus on ways to properly code and bill for pulmonary procedures performed with moderate sedation.
Coordination and volume changes accompanying high-pressure phase transformations of oxides

Abstract Although attention has always been given to changes of cation coordination in high-pressure phase transformations, changes of anion coordination have generally been ignored even though they are as characteristic and probably as important as those of the cations. The importance of the anion coordination change is illustrated for transformations of In203 and the transition metal molybdates. The relative change of molar volume or density can frequently be used to distinguish high-pressure phase transformations involving a coordination change from those not involving a coordination change.
Protecting against both pregnancy and disease: predictors of dual method use among a sample of women.

ABSTRACT Although male condoms are the best form of protection against HIV/STDs, they are not the most effective method for preventing unintended pregnancy. Consequently, use of condoms and a highly effective contraceptive–referred to as dual use–is recommended as the optimal protection against both disease and pregnancy. However, little is known about the factors that promote dual use. This study examined associations of dual method use with women's background characteristics, intrapersonal factors, and relationship characteristics. Data are from a random sample of women selected from a large managed care organization in the Pacific Northwest. The analytic sample contained 371 women who completed a telephone survey and reported use of contraceptives in the past 3 months. Three mutually exclusive method use groups were constructed: effective contraceptive only (hormonal methods, intrauterine device, surgical sterilization) (59%), condom only (24%), and dual use (18%). Variables hypothesized to influence d...
A dynamic cost function for an airframe production program

Abstract This research represents an extension of previous work in the area of estimating military airframe program costs. The effort is unique in that it yields a model of the production process that considers the impact of learning, production rate, and (implicitly) facility size on total program costs. To provide an empirical test of model validity the parameters are estimated for the C141 airframe program. The model's use as a prototype for models of ongoing production programs is illustrated by estimating the cost impact of exogenous changes in the program delivery schedules, e.g. the “crashes” and “strech-outs” that frequently characterize military airframe production programs.
Disproportionate Participation of Males and Females in Academic Pediatric Orthopaedics: An Analysis of Abstract Authorship at POSNA 2009-2013.

Background:Despite increasing numbers of female orthopaedic surgeons, we hypothesized that women were not actively participating at national and international meetings in numbers proportional to their membership.Methods:A retrospective review of the 2009-2013 POSNA Annual Meeting Final Programs was
Immobilization of glucose oxidase to nanostructured films of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine).

Abstract A critical step for the development of biosensors is the immobilization of the biorecognition element to the surface of a substrate. Among other materials that can be used as substrates, block copolymers have the untapped potential to provide significant advantages for the immobilization of proteins. To explore such possibility, this manuscript describes the fabrication and characterization of thin-films of polystyrene- block -poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS- b -P2VP). These films were then used to investigate the immobilization of glucose oxidase, a model enzyme for the development of biosensors. According to the results presented, the nanoporous films can provide significant increases in surface area of the substrate and the immobilization of larger amounts of active enzyme. The characterization of the substrate-enzyme interface discussed in the manuscript aims to provide critical information about relationship between the surface (material, geometry, and density of pores), the protein structure, and the immobilization conditions (pH, and protein concentration) required to improve the catalytic activity and stability of the enzymes. A maximum normalized activity of 3300 ± 700 U m −2 was achieved for the nanoporous film of PS -b- P2VP.
When do Chinese girls order boys around?: Culture and context in gender differences in communicative strategies by 5-year-old Mandarin-speaking children

The study examines gender differences in communicative strategies of Mandarin-speaking children in Beijing, China. Five-year-olds’ naturalistic discourse shows that both girls and boys can be bossy and demanding on the one hand, and submissive and tolerant for impositions and chastisement on the other, depending on contexts. Girls are impositive and chastising in the social/moral domain, where boys are most tolerant of and submissive to imposition. In contrast, boys are most impositive and chastising in the technical/problem-solving domain, where girls are most tolerant of imposition and admissive of inferiority. These gender differences make mixed-sex group interactions appear smooth and uneventful, and make same-sex group interactions appear competitive and problematic. These results call for a theoretical shift from an Essentialist universal perspective to a more culturally-sensitive, local and contextualized approach in research on gender and language communication, short of falling into a completely relativist Postmodern approach.
Performance analysis of adaptive caching algorithms in mobile environments

Abstract In this paper, we address the problem of cache invalidation in movile environments, where such system environment parameters as client disconnection times and update/query rates vary dynamically. We propose two adaptive caching algorithms that are the extensions of the Timestamps (TS) algorithm proposed in [4]. We implement a simulation model of a client-server system that supports mobile hosts over wireless communication channels. We use this model to compare these adaptive algorithms under conditions of changing environmental parameters. The results of this simulation provide some interesting insights into how these adaptive algorithms adjust dynamically to changing parameters.
Reasons for participating and genetic information needs among racially and ethnically diverse biobank participants: a focus group study.

In order for DNA biobanks to be a valuable reservoir of genetic information, large numbers of participants from all racial and ethnic backgrounds need to be recruited. This study explored reasons for participating in a new biobank among primarily Hispanic and African American individuals, as well as their general attitudes towards genetic research, and their views on obtaining genetic tests. Focus groups were conducted with Mount Sinai Biobank participants recruited from predominantly lower income, minority communities. The topic guide included questions on The Mount Sinai Biobank, genetic research, and genetic testing. All focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The six focus groups comprised 43 participants: 39 females and four males, aged 27–76 years, with a median household income category of $20,000–$39,999. Twenty-one participants were Hispanic, 20 African American, one Asian, and one White. Participants’ reasons for participating in the biobank included altruism, personal and family benefit, and general curiosity. Although there was evidence of conflation between genetic research and genetic testing, most participants held positive views of genetic research and expressed interest in receiving personal genetic test results. Participants wanted to learn more about genetic research and suggested various venues such as health fairs for disseminating information. Participation in biobanks by racial and ethnic minorities is apparently driven by altruism, and desire for personal or collective health benefits. Participants had generally positive attitudes, limited understanding of genetics and genetic research, and made useful suggestions regarding information dissemination mechanisms.
Autosomal Dominant Postaxial Polydactyly, Nail Dystrophy, and Dental Abnormalities Map to Chromosome 4p16, in the Region Containing the Ellis–van Creveld Syndrome Locus

We have studied a four-generation family with features of Weyers acrofacial dysostosis, in which the proband has a more severe phenotype, resembling Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Weyers acrofacial dysostosis is an autosomal dominant condition with dental anomalies, nail dystrophy, postaxial polydactyly, and mild short stature. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is a similar condition, with autosomal recessive inheritance and the additional features of disproportionate dwarfism, thoracic dysplasia, and congenital heart disease. Linkage and haplotype analysis determined that the disease locus in this pedigree resides on chromosome 4p16, distal to the genetic marker D4S3007 and within a 17-cM region flanking the genetic locus D4S2366. This region includes the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome locus, which previously was reported to map within a 3-cM region between genetic markers D4S2957 and D4S827. Either the genes for the condition in our family and for Ellis-van Creveld syndrome are near one another or these two conditions are allelic with mutations in the same gene. These data also raise the possibility that Weyers acrofacial dysostosis is the heterozygous expression of a mutation that, in homozygous form, causes the autosomal recessive disorder Ellis-van Creveld syndrome.