cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Negative Feedback Control of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-mediated Smad3 Linker Phosphorylation at Ser-204

Through the action of its membrane-bound type I receptor, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) elicits a wide range of cellular responses that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apo pto sis. Many of these signaling responses are mediated by Smad proteins. As such, controlling Smad activity is crucial for proper signaling by TGF-β and its related factors. Here, we show that TGF-β induces phos pho ryl a tion at three sites in the Smad3 linker region in addition to the two C-terminal residues, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 is responsible for phos pho ryl a tion at one of these sites, namely Ser-204. Alanine substitution at Ser-204 and/or the neighboring Ser-208, the priming site for glycogen synthase kinase 3 in vivo activity, strengthened the affinity of Smad3 to CREB-binding protein, suggesting that linker phos pho ryl a tion may be part of a negative feedback loop that modulates Smad3 transcriptional activity. Thus, our findings reveal a novel aspect of the Smad3 signaling mechanism that controls the final amplitude of cellular responses to TGF-β.
An intensive program for collegiate substance abusers Progress six months after treatment entry

The New Jersey Collegiate Substance Abuse Program (NJCSAP) provided intensive substance abuse treatment to college students requiring treatment for severe substance use disorders. This study reports the progress of students who received 6 months of treatment at NJCSAP and participated in a research evaluation of the program. Overall, 74.5% of participants who completed the follow-up were abstinent at the 6-month assessment. Including participants who did not complete the follow-up as users yielded a 52.6% rate of abstinence. Students who completed the follow-up experienced decreases in the number of current psychiatric diagnoses met, depressive symptomatology, alcohol and drug problem severity, and family and psychiatric problem severity over the 6 month period. Most students rated the program components as very or moderately helpful and most were attending AA at the 6-month assessment. Results are compared to findings from other programs for adolescents and young adults.
Are There Differences in Vascular Disease Between Ethnic and Racial Groups

The study of disease differences between ethnic and racial groups is complicated by the genetic, environmental, and cultural heterogeneity within each group. Despite these complications, the study of well-defined groups of people can yield medical information useful to improve health in these groups. For example, moyamoya disease has a predilection for Japanese people, the incidence of stroke is higher in blacks than in whites,1 and occlusive cerebrovascular lesions are more likely to be intracranial in blacks than whites.2 3 4 This information can be used to optimize risk factor screening and management, acute stroke treatment, and secondary stroke prevention in the various ethnic and racial groups. Relatively little is known about cerebrovascular disease in Hispanics and Native Americans in the southwestern United States. Hispanics constitute ≈9.0% of the US population according to the 1990 US census, and a large majority of them live in the southwestern United States. The ancestors of the Hispanics in the southwestern United States are mainly the settlers and conquerors who came from Spain starting in the 16th century. Since their arrival in the southern part of North America, there has been cultural and genetic interaction between the Spanish and the various Native American tribes living in this region. The Hispanics who relatively recently immigrated from Mexico to the southwestern United States have a similar ancestry. Differences in vascular risks have been measured between US …
PRUDENT MEN OR INDUSTRIOUS KNAVES? A CLARIFICATION OF AN ASPECT OF THE “ADAM SMITH PROBLEM”

The prevailing interpretation of Smith suggests that there is an easy transition between “The Theory of Moral Sentiments” and “The Wealth of Nations.” The present study looks at Smith's accounts of economic self-interest in the “Theory” and the “Wealth” with two questions in mind: first, what is the precise nature of Smith's reconciliation of self-interest and morality? and second, is this reconciliation actualized in commercial society? It concludes that Smith's enterprise was more radical than the civic humanist and jurisprudential interpretations allow, especially insofar as they understate Smith's agreement with Hobbes and Mandeville.
Chemosystematic studies of the volatile oils of Juniperus horizontalis, J. scopulorum and J. virginiana

Abstract The volatile oil from the foliage of individual plants from different populations of Juniperus horizontalis , J. scopulorum and J. virginiana has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Some analytical problems are discussed and several new constituents have been identified. J. horizontalis can be differentiated from the other two species by the presence of relatively large percentages of cadinane-type sesquiterpenes and less of the elemol-eudesmol type. The ratio of methyl citronellate to citronellol may also have diagnostic value, as may be the virtual absence of aromatic ethers of the safrole-type. The oil of J. scopulorum is virtually devoid of the cadinol type sesquiterpenes but differentiation from that of J. virginiana is difficult. A useful measure of clinal variation within different populations of each species is the ratio of sabinene and limonene percentages. The occurrence of aromatic ethers in J. scopulorum and J. virginiana is erratic; in J. horizontalis they are present in trace amounts only. Provided an adequate foliage sample size is taken during the dormant season, population studies based on the means of the percentages of the foliage oil components are feasible. Two hybrid swarms of J. horizontalis and J. scopulorum were sampled and all plants had intermediate foliage oil compositions.
Targeting the Hepatitis C Virus with PNAs

The liver specific microRNA-122 (miR-122) has been shown to facilitate the replication and/or translation of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although the exact role played by miR-122 in this process is not fully understood, it has been shown that one of the functions of miR-122 is to stabilize the HCV RNA genome. It has also been shown that miR-122 is a valid antiviral target, as locked nucleic acids (LNAs) developed against miR-122 abolished HCV replication. However, miR-122 has numerous other functions in the hepatic cell, which will also be affected by LNAs. In this study, we adopted a different approach by designing peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) against the highly conserved miR-122 binding sites within the HCV genome, and tested their antiviral properties. We demonstrated the ability of the PNA to bind specifically the 5' UTR of the HCV genome, with a low nanomolar dissociation constant. Moreover, we showed that the PNA is able to invade the HCV 5'-UTR - miR-122 complex displacing miR-122, and thus preventing it from exerting its beneficial function upon HCV replication and/or translation.
Singlet deflected anomaly/gauge mediation

Abstract We study an extension of the standard anomaly/gauge mediation scenario where the messenger fields have direct interactions with an extra gauge singlet. This realizes a phenomenologically viable NMSSM-like scenario free of the μ – b μ problem. Current cosmological constraints imply a small size for the anomaly-mediation contributions, unless some source of R -parity violation is permitted. In the latter case the allowed regions in the parameter space can be substantially larger than in the corresponding gauge-mediation scenario.
Mate selection criteria. A pilot study

Abstract Open-ended questions were used to investigate mate selection criteria among male and female medical students ( n = 40). Striking sex differences emerged in this sample's preferences concerning spouses' relative earning power and occupational status, partners' physical attractiveness, and the marital division of labor. The results supported the hypotheses: Increasing socioeconomic status (SES) of women does not eliminate and may not even reduce traditional sex differences in mate selection criteria and marital goals. Increasing the SES of women tends to increase their socioeconomic standards for mates, thereby reducing their pool of acceptable partners; increasing men's SES tends to enlarge their pool of available acceptable partners. Based on these interviews and pertinent literature, closed-ended questions were developed and administered to female ( n = 212) and male ( n = 170) undergraduates. Highly significant sex differences emerged in this sample; these sex differences mirrored those found among the medical students. The methodological implications of these results are discussed.
Metabolism of oestradiol-17β by male and female larvae ofXenopus laevis

Nach 24 h Inkubation von [4-14C]-Ostradiol-17β mit 17 Tage alten mannlichen und weiblichen Larven des Krallenfrosches (Xenopus laevis) unter In-vivo-Bedingungen wurden folgende radioaktive Metaboliten papierchromatographisch nachgewiesen: Ostron, 6α-Hydroxyostron, 15α-Hydroxyostron und Ostriol.
An aqueous ethanol extraction process for cottonseed oil

A bench-top process for the extraction of cottonseed flakes with aqueous ethanol has been developed. The process consists of cottonseed meat flaking, drying and extraction with boiling, aqueous ethanol (95% by volume) at atmospheric pressure. The resulting miscella is chilled, producing free oil, emulsified oil and mucilaginous gum. The heterogeneous solution is processed through a phase separator where free and emulsified oil and gum are separated from oil-lean miscella. The oil and gum phases are treated with caustic soda and centrifuged to produce semirefined oil containing about 4% volatiles. The miscella phase, containing about 3.3% lipid-like material and 1% petroleum ether insolubles, is reheated and recycled to the extractor. After the marc is pressed foots are added, and it is desolventized to produce a meal having a residual oil content less than 1%. Although not yet otpimized, the process shows potential for scaleup to pilot plant processing and adaptability to current oil mill solvent operations.
Childhood pancreatic tumors: a single institution experience.

Abstract Purpose The rarity and histopathologic diversity of primary pancreatic neoplasms in children have made it difficult to predict prognosis and to develop optimal management protocols. Methods A 90-year (1918-2007), single institution, retrospective review of all patients with neoplastic pancreatic masses was performed. Results Eighteen patients were identified with 7 distinct histopathologic subtypes. The most common were gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine, solid pseudopapillary, and acinar tumors. There were 6 benign and 12 malignant tumors. Six patients had disease outside the pancreas at their initial operation. There were 7 deaths (41%), 2 related to the initial operation, 3 from disease progression, 1 from a small bowel obstruction, and 1 from necrotizing pancreatitis. Five deaths were in patients with extrapancreatic disease found at initial operation. The median duration of follow-up for the 10 survivors was 41 months. Conclusion In adults, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is by far the most common histopathologic subtype, with other subtypes more common in children. Stage is an important prognostic factor. Long-term disease-free survival in childhood pancreatic malignancies is achievable with complete surgical resection, prognosis, and adjuvant treatment, depending on the histopathologic type.
An association between HLA DR1 and lichen planus

SUMMARY Serological typing for HLA Class II antigens in 72 patients with lichen planus (LP) revealed a highly significant association with HLA DR1 and MT1 (DQw1). DR1 was present in 80% of patients with generalized LP, 54% with localized LP, 56% of patients with drug-induced LP and in 31% of patients with mucosal LP, compared with 25% of normal controls. MT1 (DQw1) was found in 83% of the LP group and 62% of the normal controls. These findings strongly suggest a genetic predisposition or susceptibility to the development of generalized LP and perhaps also to drug-induced LP.
Magnetic exchange coupling in bilayers of two epitaxial ferromagnetic oxides

Abstract Despite a decade of research effort on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 (LSMO/SRO) bilayers (BLs), a full knowledge on the magnetic properties and integration of these BLs on silicon substrate is not yet in sight. In this paper, we report on the magnetic exchange coupling observed from the above two ferromagnetic oxide thin film BLs, prepared through a novel approach, called ‘domain matching epitaxy’. LSMO (100 nm)/SRO (45 nm) and LSMO (31 nm)/SRO (45 nm) bilayers have been epitaxially integrated with Si (1 0 0). Notably, in the former sample, positive exchange bias is observed – an indication of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling and is found to be absent in the latter. Furthermore, in the former sample, the cross-over from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic interface exchange coupling is noticed by varying the cooling field. We have verified that this coupling is of magnetic origin, not due to electrostatic interaction by inserting a thin (∼10 nm) SrTiO3 layer between LSMO and SRO. We believe that in addition to the formation of interface domain walls, the strong interplay among Zeeman, anisotropic and exchange energies could play a dominant role. Our results would have important implications for devices comprising of magnetic exchange coupled systems.
Two Photon Absorption Spectroscopy of Polydiacetylene PTS

Abstract We have studied two photon absorption (TPA) of single crystal polydiacetylene-toluene-sulfonate (PTS) using the Mark III Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the spectrum range of 0.95–1.5 μm. We observed two features in the TPA spectrum at two photon energies of 1.85 eV and 2.35 eV, respectively. We discuss the assignment of the two bands in terms of TPA allowed excitons reached by two successive one-photon absorptions.
Integrative Omics Analysis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Identifies Non-Obvious Therapeutic Targets

Identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of disease is challenging. To this end, we developed a genome-wide approach of candidate gene prioritization. We independently collocated sets of genes that were implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenicity through three genome-wide assays: (i) genome-wide association studies (GWAS), (ii) differentially expression in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and (iii) differentially methylation in RA FLS. Integrated analysis of these complementary data sets identified a significant enrichment of multi-evidence genes (MEGs) within pathways relating to RA pathogenicity. One MEG is Engulfment and Cell Motility Protein-1 (ELMO1), a gene not previously considered as a therapeutic target in RA FLS. We demonstrated in RA FLS that ELMO1 is: (i) expressed, (ii) promotes cell migration and invasion, and (iii) regulates Rac1 activity. Thus, we created links between ELMO1 and RA pathogenicity, which in turn validates ELMO1 as a potential RA therapeutic target. This study illustrated the power of MEG-based approaches for therapeutic target identification.
Simple Synthesis of CpNi(NHC)Cl Complexes (Cp = Cyclopentadienyl; NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene)

The reaction of saturated and unsaturated imidazolium salts with nickelocene in refluxing THF results in the formation of NHC complexes of general formula CpNi(NHC)Cl (NHC = SIMes (2), IPr (3), SIPr (4)). This protonation of Cp2Ni was also tested using phosphonium salts, and the reaction of nickelocene with triethylphosphonium chloride leads to CpNi(PEt3)Cl (5). All compounds were characterized by NMR and X-ray crystallography. The catalytic activity of the NHC compounds was tested in aryl amination (Buchwald−Hartwig reaction) and in aryl halide dehalogenation reactions.
Bacterial Air Polution from Sewage Treatment Plants

The research reported here was undertaken to obtain data on the numbers and types of bacteria emitted into the air from activated sludge and extended aeration sewage treatment plants and to evaluate the fate of these airborne bacteria in the air. The mean bacterial emission rate was 440 bacteria per square meter per second. Volumetric concentration of the airborne bacteria was depleted primarily by atmospheric diffusion and by die-off. Deposition of the bacteria to the ground was less important. The average half-life of the bacteria was 14 seconds. Under average conditions the initial bacterial concentration was reduced by 90% at 100 feet downwind of the source. Of the bacteria collected and cultured on trypticase soy agar, only 5% belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae, and these were primarily Klebsiella, Aerobacter, and Escherichia.
Magic numbers for metallic clusters and the principle of maximum hardness.

Abstract It is shown that for relatively more stable metallic clusters (those with magic number of atoms) the chemical hardness (I-A) too is relatively larger. Thus the occurrence of magic numbers for metal clusters whose stability is determined by their electronic shell structure can be understood as a manifestation of the principle of maximum hardness. This may also represent a possible way of delineating clusters with stability dominated by their electronic shell structure from those for which the magic numbers occur as a result of their geometric structure.
The hepatitis C virus core protein indirectly induces alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in hepatic stellate cells via interleukin-8

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Progressive deposition of liver fibrosis is a common feature of chronic hepatitis associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and it may eventually lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Although this fibrogenic process appears to be linked to HCV protein expression and replication via indirect mechanisms, i.e., to be mediated by virally-driven inflammation, a direct role of HCV in inducing fibrosis deposition has never been entirely excluded. METHODS: We established an in vitro system in which the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 was cultured in the presence of conditioned medium from human hepatoma Huh-7 cells transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing HCV core proteins of different genotypes. RESULTS: Treatment of LX-2 cells, with conditioned medium from Huh-7 cells expressing HCV core protein, led to the activation of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. Among the chemokines secreted by cells transduced with HCV core, interleukin-8 was identified as the strongest inducer of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in LX-2 and primary hepatic stellate cells. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in cell migration and increased focal contact organisation. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of the HCV core in hepatocytes may contribute to the establishment of a profibrogenic microenvironment.
Dihydrocortisol: a potential mineralocorticoid.

Abstract The finding of abnormal metabolism of cortisol in a low-renin, low-aldosterone, hypertensive child with the stigmata of hypermineralocorticoidism led us to examine the mineralocorticoid activity of several cortisol metabolites. Of these metabolites, dihydrocortisol (DHF) possessed mineralocorticoid activity as determined by several assays. In competition assays with [ 3 H]-aldosterone or [ 3 H]-dexa-methasone in rat kidney slices, the relative affinities for the respective cytoplasmic receptors were as follows: mineralocorticoid receptor-aldosterone (1.00) > cortisol (0.20) > 5α-DHF (0.083) > 5β-DHF (0.042) and glucocorticoid receptor-dexamethasone (1.00) > cortisol (0.10) > 5α-DHF (0.002) > 5β-DHF (0.001). On the basis of these receptor assays 5α-DHF and possibly 5β-DHF were potential mineralocorticoids but probably weak glucocorticoids. The free serum concentration probably determines the biologically-effective steroid concentration. Accordingly, the affinity of these cortisol metabolites for corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) was determined as well. In competition assays with [ 3 H]-cortisol for binding to purified human CBG, the relative affinities were: cortisol (1.00) > 5 α - DHF (0.083) = 5 β - DHF (0.083). The enhanced free concentration of both cortisol metabolites should allow greater access to cellular receptors. Since binding to receptors does not indicate whether the bound steroid will have agonist, antagonist, or mixed agonist-antagonist properties, the metabolites were further tested in two physiological assays. In the isolated toad bladder, at a concentration 500 × that of aldosterone, cortisol, 5α-DHF and 5β-DHF stimulated active Na + transport measured as the short-circuit current in the following order: aldosterone (1.00) > cortisol (0.80) > 5α-DHF (0.65) > 5β-DHF (none). Infusion of cortisol, 5α- and 5β-DHF into adrenalectomized rats at concentrations 100 × that of aldosterone, produced the following relative changes in K/Na urinary ratios: aldosterone (1.00) > cortisol (0.60) > 5α-DHF (0.38) > 5β-DHF (0.28). Of the observed changes, only the 5β-DHF value was not statistically significant. These results imply that 5α-DHF should be considered a potential mineralocorticoid.
Adaptive tests in statistical problems with finite nuisance parameter

On montre qu'un test adaptatif existe si et seulement si les nombres d'information pour les membres d'une famille n'excedent pas les nombres d'information pour les distributions de deux familles differentes quelconques
Determination of Pb complexation in oxic and sulfidic waters using pseudovoltammetry.

Pseudovoltammetry was used to evaluate the actual Pb complexation occurring in natural water samples of varying oxygen and sulfide concentration. In pseudovoltammetry, the potential at which metal−ligand complexes are broken up to form the metal amalgam is used to determine the complexes' thermodynamic stability constants (KTHERM; corrected for metal and ligand side reaction coefficients) via the Nernst expression. This methodology removes the need for any metal additions and for subsequent modeling using fitting criteria, which provide only conditional stability constant data (KCOND). Using known organic ligands, a chelate scale ranging from log KTHERM = 4 to log KTHERM = 20 was developed as a template for comparison with samples collected from two stations of different salinities and at several depths in the Chesapeake Bay. These samples were observed to contain up to five different ligand compounds of unknown structural composition (log KTHERM > 8) with the strongest ligand fraction exceeding log KTHER...
Integrating Language Information With a Hidden Markov Model to Improve Communication Rate in the P300 Speller

The P300 speller is a common brain-computer interface (BCI) application designed to communicate language by detecting event related potentials in a subject's electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Information about the structure of natural language can be valuable for BCI communication systems, but few attempts have been made to incorporate this domain knowledge into the classifier. In this study, we treat BCI communication as a hidden Markov model (HMM) where hidden states are target characters and the EEG signal is the visible output. Using the Viterbi algorithm, language information can be incorporated in classification and errors can be corrected automatically. This method was first evaluated offline on a dataset of 15 healthy subjects who had a significant increase in bit rate from a previously published naive Bayes approach and an average 32% increase from standard classification with dynamic stopping. An online pilot study of five healthy subjects verified these results as the average bit rate achieved using the HMM method was significantly higher than that using the naive Bayes and standard methods. These findings strongly support the integration of domain-specific knowledge into BCI classification to improve system performance and accuracy.
Erythropoietin signaling: A novel regulator of white adipose tissue inflammation during diet-induced obesity

Obesity-induced white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and insulin resistance are associated with macrophage (Mф) infiltration and phenotypic shift from “anti-inflammatory” M2-like to predominantly “proinflammatory” M1-like cells. Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein hormone indispensable for erythropoiesis, has biological activities that extend to nonerythroid tissues, including antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Using comprehensive in vivo and in vitro analyses in mice, EPO treatment inhibited WAT inflammation, normalized insulin sensitivity, and reduced glucose intolerance. We investigated EPO receptor (EPO-R) expression in WAT and characterized the role of its signaling during obesity-induced inflammation. Remarkably, and prior to any detectable changes in body weight or composition, EPO treatment reduced M1-like Mф and increased M2-like Mф in WAT, while decreasing inflammatory monocytes. These anti-inflammatory effects were found to be driven, at least in part, by direct EPO-R response in Mф via Stat3 activation, where EPO effects on M2 but not M1 Mф required interleukin-4 receptor/Stat6. Using obese ∆EpoR mice with EPO-R restricted to erythroid cells, we demonstrated an anti-inflammatory role for endogenous EPO. Collectively, our findings identify EPO-R signaling as a novel regulator of WAT inflammation, extending its nonerythroid activity to encompass effects on both Mф infiltration and subset composition in WAT.
The Bond Orbital Model Study of the Valence Bands of Cubic‐Tetrahedrally Coordinated Semiconductors

The valence energy bands of cubic-tetrahedrally coordinated semiconductor sis investigated by employing the bond orbital model. In terms of the basic parameters of the model simple expressions are obtained for the gaps and widths at X and L, which allows to learn origins of a variety of the trends. The main features of the bands are found to depend exclusively on the polarity and the s-p splittings of the atomic term values of the cation and the anion. As a further sophistication, the second-neighbor interactions are included. Additional energy parameters representing second-neighbor interactions are seen to have interesting relations to the polar and the metallic character of these solids. Finally, the pressure dependence of the valence bands is studied. Es werden die Valenzbander von kubisch-tetraedrisch koordinierten Halbleitern mit dem “bond-orbital”-Modell untersucht. Mit den Grundparametern des Modells werden einfache Ausdrucke erhalten fur die Bandlucken und -breiten bei X und L, die es erlauben, den Ur- sprung einer Anzahl von Tendenzen zu erkennen. Die Hauptzuge der Bander hangen ausschlieslich von der Polaritat und den s-p-Aufspaltungen der Atomterme des Kations und Anions ab. Als weitere Verfeinerung werden Wechselwirkungen ubernachster Nachbarn einbezogen. Es wird gezeigt, das die zusatzlichen Parameter, die die Wechselwirkung ubernachster Nachbarn reprasentieren, interessante Beziehungen zu dem polaren und metallischen Charakter dieser Festkorper besitzen. Schlieslich wird die Druckabhangigkeit der Valenzbander untersucht.
The mark III time-of-flight system

Abstract The MARK III time-of-flight system comprises 48 scintillation counters 5 cm thick, mounted parallel to the beam axis at a radius of 1.18 m, and covering 80% of the total solid angle. The mean resolution is 170–190 ps (depending on particle type), which provides π/K discrimination up to 1.2 GeV/c at 2 σ separation.
Fourier rebinning applied to multiplanar circular-orbit cone-beam SPECT

The authors study the application of Fourier rebinning methods to dual-planar cone-beam SPECT. Dual-planar cone-beam SPECT involves the use of a pair of dissimilar cone-beam collimators on a dual-camera SPECT system. Each collimator has its focus in a different axial plane. While dual-planar data is best reconstructed with fully three-dimensional (3-D) iterative methods, these methods are slow and have prompted a search for faster reconstruction techniques. Fourier rebinning was developed to estimate equivalent parallel projections from 3-D PET data, but it simply expresses a relationship between oblique projections taken in planes not perpendicular to the axis of rotation and direct projections taken in those that are. The authors find that it is possible to put cone-beam data in this context as well. The rebinned data ran then be reconstructed using either filtered backprojection (FBP) or parallel iterative algorithms such as OS-EM. The authors compare the Feldkamp algorithm and fully 3-D OSEM reconstruction with Fourier-rebinned reconstructions on realistically-simulated Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT data. They find that the Fourier-rebinned reconstructions exhibit much less image noise and lower variance in region-of-interest (ROI) estimates than Feldkamp. Also, Fourier-rebinning followed by OSEM with nonuniform attenuation correction exhibits less bias in ROI estimates than Feldkamp with Chang attenuation correction. The Fourier-rebinned ROI estimates exhibit bias and variance comparable to those from fully 3-D OSEM and require considerably less processing time. However, in areas off the axis of rotation, the axial-direction resolution of FORE-reconstructed images is poorer than that of images reconstructed with 3-D OSEM. The authors conclude that Fourier rebinning is a practical and potentially useful approach to reconstructing data from dual-planar circular-orbit cone-beam systems.
Dbp10p, a putative RNA helicase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is required for ribosome biogenesis

Ribosome biogenesis requires, in addition to rRNA molecules and ribosomal proteins, a multitude of trans-acting factors. Recently it has become clear that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae many RNA helicases of the DEAD-box and related families are involved in ribosome biogenesis. Here we show that the previously uncharacterised open reading frame YDL031w (renamed DBP10 for DEAD-box protein 10) encodes an essential putative RNA helicase that is required for accurate ribosome biogenesis. Genetic depletion of Dbp10p results in a deficit in 60S ribosomal subunits and an accumulation of half-mer polysomes. Furthermore, pulse–chase analyses of pre-rRNA processing reveal a strong delay in the maturation of 27SB pre-rRNA intermediates into 25S rRNA and 7S pre-rRNA. Northern blot analyses indicate that this delay leads to higher steady-state levels of 27SB species and reduced steady-state levels of 7S pre-rRNA and 25S/5.8S mature rRNAs, thus explaining the final deficit in 60S subunit and the formation of half-mer polysomes. Consistent with a direct role in ribosome biogenesis, Dbp10p was found to be located predominantly in the nucleolus.
Ideonella azotifigens sp. nov., an aerobic diazotroph of the Betaproteobacteria isolated from grass rhizosphere soil, and emended description of the genus Ideonella

Strain 1a22T, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, was isolated from soil associated with the rhizosphere of a perennial grass growing in a fallow agricultural field in Ithaca, New York, USA. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strain in the Rubrivivax–Roseateles–Leptothrix–Azohydromonas–Aquincola–Ideonella branch of the Betaproteobacteria and the closest characterized relative was the type strain of Ideonella dechloratans (97.7 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity). Cells of strain 1a22T were Gram-negative, motile, straight rods, which formed polyhydroxybutyrate-like granules and were positive for oxidase and weakly positive for catalase. Cells were chemo-organotrophic, unable to grow by reduction of chlorate or nitrate and grew exclusively through aerobic respiration. Growth with mannitol on N-free solid media caused the strain to produce copious amounts of slime. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.4 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1 cis-9 and C16 : 0 and cells contained significant amounts of the hydroxy fatty acids C10 : 0 3-OH, C12 : 0 2-OH and C12 : 0 3-OH. Based on DNA–DNA hybridization studies, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, fatty acid analysis, and morphological and physiological characteristics, strain 1a22T represents a novel species in the genus Ideonella, for which the name Ideonella azotifigens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ideonella azotifigens is 1a22T (=JCM 15503T=DSM 21438T).
Standard Sampling of Inland Fish: Benefits, Challenges, and a Call for Action

Abstract There are many examples of how standardization of procedures in production and data collection have led to remarkable advances in industry and science, but standardization is lacking regarding protocols for sampling fish populations in inland, freshwater systems. Reasons given why biologists often resist standardized sampling protocols include perceptions that differences in regions invalidate standard techniques; use of standard sampling is costly and reduces innovation by regional biologists; the variation already present in nature masks any gains introduced by standardization; and historical trend data is lost. We examine these reasons and provide procedures that may serve as a template by describing how development and implementation of standardized sampling protocols were achieved by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. These procedures included obtaining support from high-level management within the agency and input from a wide variety of sources; emphasizing benefits to manageme...
Advances in managing ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with prominent involvement of the spine and sacroiliac joints which frequently leads to significant spine deformity and disability. The development of effective therapies for AS, particularly with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, has resulted in improved symptoms and functions for many patients, and clinical research increasingly suggests that effective therapy can also prevent destruction in the spine and other structures. Recent focus of disease classification in AS has emphasized that many individuals with features of inflammatory back pain but no visible changes on plain x-rays have active inflammatory disease when imaged with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recent studies indicate that individuals with “non-radiographic” spondylitis can also respond to anti-inflammatory therapies. Several new agents are also showing promise for treatment of AS. These developments represent a significant advance in the management of this debilitating condition.
Staging and Classification of Lymphoma

In 2004, new cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the United States were estimated at 54,370, representing 4% of all cancers and resulting 4% of all cancer deaths, and new cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma were estimated at 7,880. The appropriate staging and management of lymphomas greatly depend on an accurate pathological diagnosis and classification. The recently established Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL) and the subsequently adopted and updated World Health Organization (WHO) classification include modern cytogenetic, molecular, and immunologic techniques and knowledge and reach an international consensus on the classification of lymphomas. This classification scheme represents an advance in our understanding of lymphomas and serves as an operative guideline for studying and diagnosing lymphomas. Imaging techniques always have served as staging and monitoring tools for the clinical management of lymphomas. The understanding and adoption of the current classification system is important in refining the role of imaging modalities in the management of specific lymphoma. To help one understand the current classification, this current review gives a brief history of lymphoma classifications and summaries the recent classification schemes, including new entities, clinical staging methods, and clinical prognostic criteria.
Chilling Sensitivity of Photosynthetic Oil-Seedlings I COTTON SUNFLOWER

Despite the high probability that sensitive post-emergent seedlings will be exposed to suboptimal temperatures which significantly affect subsequent development and yield, growers of long-season, indeterminate crops must rely upon empirically determined 'earliest planting dates'. Most 'chilling-stress' studies have dealt, not with photosynthetic seedlings, but rather with the effect of low, non-freezing temperatures (<10 °C) upon germinating seeds and pre-emergent seedlings. A photosynthetic seedling growth system was used to monitor the effects of temperatures from 10 to 35 °C upon the roots and aerial portions of chilling-sensitive cotton and relatively chilling-resistant sunflower oil-seedlings. Length measurements of cotton seedlings were too variable to be reliable indicators of temperature treatment effects, but root and shoot fresh weights could be used as non-destructive measurements of differences in root and shoot temperature responses in both cotton and sunflower seedlings. The fresh weights were indicative of the relative water status of seedling roots and shoots, including that of seedlings returned to 30 °C after exposure to other temperatures. Growth of both cotton and sunflower seedlings was inhibited to some degree at non-optimal temperatures and the capacities of the roots and shoots to return to normal water status, as indicated by fresh weights and relative water contents, was correlated with sensitivity to suboptimal temperatures.
Flexible Electronics: Thin Silicon Die on Flexible Substrates

Silicon thinned to 50 mum and less is flexible allowing the fabrication of flexible and conformable electronics. Two techniques have been developed to achieve this goal using thinned die: die flip chip bonded onto flexible substrates [polyimide and liquid crystal polymer (LCP)] and die flip chip laminated onto LCP films. A key to achieving each of these techniques is the thinning of die to a thickness of 50 mum or thinner. Conventional grinding and polishing can be used to thin to 50 mum. At 50 mum, the active die becomes flexible and must be handled by temporarily bonding it to a holder die for assembly. Both reflow solder and thermocompression assembly methods are used. In the case of solder assembly, underfill is used to reinforce the solder joints. With thermocompression bonding of the die to an LCP substrate, the LCP adheres to the die surface, eliminating the need for underfill.
Safety Assessment of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein Orally Administered to Weaned Rats

Several proposed biotechnological applications of green fluorescent protein (GFP) are likely to result in its introduction into the food supply of domestic animals and humans. We fed pure GFP and diets containing transgenic canola expressing GFP to young male rats for 26 d to evaluate the potential toxicity and allergenicity of GFP. Animals (n = 8 per group) were fed either AIN-93G (control), control diet plus 1.0 mg of purified GFP daily, modified control diet with 200 g/kg canola (Brassica rapa cv Westar), or control diet with 200 g/kg transgenic canola containing one of two levels of GFP. Ingestion of GFP did not affect growth, food intake, relative weight of intestine or other organs, or activities of hepatic enzymes in serum. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of GFP to known food allergens revealed that the greatest number of consecutive amino acid matches between GFP and any food allergen was four, suggesting the absence of common allergen epitopes. Moreover, GFP was rapidly degraded during simulated gastric digestion. These data indicate that GFP is a low allergenicity risk and provide preliminary indications that GFP is not likely to represent a health risk.
Responsibility and Judgment

I focus on the type of responsibility that an agent has for actions that express his practical identity, making it appropriate to evaluate him on the basis of those actions. This kind of responsibility is often called attributability. In this paper, I argue for a novel view of attributability—the Judgment Responsiveness View (JRV). According to the JRV, an agent is attributability responsible for an action A if and only if A results from either 1) his responding to his judgments about the (normative) reasons that he has in favor of doing A by doing A or 2) his failing to exercise his capacity to respond to his judgments about the (normative) reasons that he has against doing A by not doing A. The JRV diverges from other views of attributability for actions in two significant respects. First, it is not reasonably thought of as a “deep self view.” According to deep self views, attributable actions are actions that express deep features of the agent, such as his fundamental values, cares, or commitments. As I show, thinking in terms of the deep self is too narrow for attributability. Second, unlike other views, the JRV claims—via condition 2)—that we can be attributionally responsible for actions that result from failing to exercise the attributability-relevant capacity to avoid them. My argument for the JRV thus shows that attributability is a broader and richer conception of responsibility than has been previously thought.
Immigration to the United States

Most Americans have been dissatisfied with US immigration policies since the mid-1990s due to sometimes long waits for immigrant visas and the presence of almost twelve million unauthorized foreigners among the forty-two million foreign-born US residents in 2012. Some believe that the United States, which accepts over a million immigrants and several hundred thousand temporary foreign workers a year, is not getting enough highly skilled immigrants and migrant workers to bolster innovation and competitiveness in a knowledge-based and globalizing economy. It is very hard to measure the economic benefits and costs of immigrants and migrant workers, and difficult to reach agreement on what to do about unauthorized foreigners, which helps to explain why the status quo in migration policies persists. Keywords: immigration; Mexico; migrant workers; policy
Correlates of terror: Trends in types of terrorist groups and fatalities inflicted

A large body of recent work seeking to explain the strategies and causes of terrorism exists, with hypotheses ranging from frustration-aggression theories to strategic choice to psychological dysfu...
Metabolism of Inositol-Containing Phospholipids in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

Muscarine stimulates the incorporation of 32P. and [3 H]inositol into phosphatidylinositol in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. Muscarine also increases the accumulation of [3H]inositol-1-phosphate in ganglia in which the inositol-containing phospholipids were pre-labeled by incubation with [3H]inositol. The production of [3H]inositol-1-phosphate under these conditions presumably reflects the activity of phospholipase C in the ganglion. This effect of muscarine is not dependent upon extracelular Ca2+. The Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, and high K cause only a small increase in the formation of [3H]inositol-1-phosphate. Homogenates of the ganglion contain a phospholipase C activity that hydrolyzes the phosphatidylinositol phosphates. This phospholipase C requires Ca2+ and is stimulated by deoxycholate. This enzyme may be responsible for the muscarine-stimulated breakdown of inositol-containing phospholipids in the intact ganglion Although the phospholipase C is dependent upon Ca2+ in vitro, muscarine presumably increases the activity of the enzyme by some mechanism other than by increasing the influx of Ca2+.
Risk factors in the development of cytomegalovirus-related pneumonia in renal transplant recipients

recipients of renal allografts, and use of prednisone in high dosages has also been associated with an increased risk of CMV-related disease. Thus, it is uncertain whether our findings reflect any unique characteristics of cyclosporine or simply reflect a lower cumulative immunosuppressive effect of therapy with cyclosporine plus low-dose prednisone. The risk of developing overt CMV-related disease is known to be associated with transplantation of kidneys from donors who are seropositive for CMV. In the present study, recipients of kidneys from seropositive donors had more than a threefold greater risk of developing CMV-related pneumonia than did recipients of kidneys from seronegative donors. Numerous strategies are currently being evaluated for the prevention of CMV-related disease following renal transplantation. Results of the present study lend support to those approaches involving the modification of immunosuppressive therapy or the use of kidneys from seronegative donors.
Highly Dispersive Chirped Mirror Designs With Total Internal Reflection

Chirped mirrors with a GDD value of -10000 fs2 and - 20000 fs2 have been designed with significantly reduced numbers of layers and total layer thicknesses with the help of total and frustrated internal reflection.
PARADOKSİKAL MİYOKARD İNFARKTÜSU TEKRAR ZİYARETTE

OZET Uzun yillar, klinisyen hekimler, bazi durumlarda, miyokard infarktusunun klasik diyagnostik lokalizasyonunda, birden cok alanda kendisini EKG lezyon / nekroz bulgulari ile bas gostermesi karsisinda hayrete dusmuslerdir. Bu gibi bulgularin bir sebebi koroner arter okluzyon yerinin infarktus alani ile her zaman iliskili olmamasi gerceginde yatmaktadir. Ayirici tani ekokardiyografi, ve kardiyak kateterizasyon kullanimi ile daha da daraltilabilinir. Biz bu makalede ender gorulen paradoksikal miyokard infarktuslu (uzakta olusan infarktus) bir vakayi ve bulgularini ayrintili olarak inceledik. Anahtar Kelimeler: Paradoksikal miyokard infarktusu, uzakta olusan infarktus, perkutanoz koroner girisim, sonuclar, antikoagulasyon, EKG bulgulari.
GENERALIZED CONSISTENTLY ORDERED MATRICES

If A is a consistently ordered matrix with nonvanishing diagonal elements, then the eigenvalues λ of ℒ ω and the eigenvalues μ of B satisfy the relation (λ+ ω– 1) 2 = ω 2 μ+λ, relaltion 1. This chapter highlights a class of (q, r)-consistently ordered matrices (CO(q, r)-matrices), for any positive integers q and r; for any such matrix with nonvanishing diagonal elements, the relation 1 can be replaced by (λ + ω —1) p = ω p μ p λ r , where p = q + r. The chapter discusses various canonical forms, which can be obtained with a CO(q, r)-matrix or with a matrix with Property A q,r , by certain permutations of the rows and columns of A. Thus, the chapter highlights the results where any consistently ordered matrix can be reduced to a T-matrix by a nonmigratory permutation while every matrix with Property A is either a diagonal matrix or can be reduced to a matrix of the form by a more general permutation. Also a systematic procedure for determining whether a matrix has property A q,r and, if so, whether it is a CO(q, r)-matrix.