cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Miniaturization of Protein Separation: Isoelectric Focusing and SDS-Page

We have developed isoelectric focusing(IEF) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) techniques in very short channels (< 5 mm) that require less than 30 s to perform. The methods and chip architecture for these separations have been selected specifically for the eventual goal of their integration into two-dimensional(2D) protein separation systems. IEF of proteins was achieved with commercially available ampholytes in short microchannels (4 mm) fabricated in either polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) or glass substrates. Detection was performed by fluorescence imaging of the channel using a CCD. We also prepared glass microchips for SDS-PAGE by photopolymerizing and photopatterning Polyacrylamide gel in microchannels. A protein marker sample (20.1–205kD) was analysed in less than 30 s in an effective length of ~ 2 mm, and the band movement was monitored by video microscopy. Minimizing the length of separation channel for the two separation methods leads to a number of improvements. 1) Separation of protein peaks could be achieved very quickly, typically within 30s. 2) The electric potential to be applied across the channel is greatly decreased, an important factor in design of integrated, portable systems. 3) Instead of mobilizing or eluting focused peaks, a low-magnfication microscope objective can be used for imaging of the channel in real time for a faster analysis. 4) The overall size of chip could be decreased significantly, thereby increasing the number of devices that can be fabricated on a wafer.
Should New Trauma Paradigms Be Used in the Care of the Severe Trauma Patient

A 32-year-old male who works for the United Parcel Service is leaving a building in Manhattan after dropping off a package. A few steps past the revolving door, a car, clearly out of control, pins the UPS worker against the outside wall of the building. He is now bleeding from an open pelvic fracture, and there is no evidence of head injury.
Robust motion planning methodology for autonomous tracked vehicles in rough environment using online slip estimation

This paper presents a robust motion planning methodology for autonomous tracked vehicles navigating in a rough and unknown environment. Two fields of study are dealt with in this paper: motion planning and slip estimation. For the motion planner, the CC-RRT* algorithm is combined with LQG-MP. The motion planner uses a chance-constrained approach and considers the role of compensator in the planning step to provide a robust yet non-conservative planner. For the slip estimator, a stable yet practical online approach known as IPEM is used. IPEM compares the integrated prediction with the measurement to calculate appropriate parameters. The methodology performs online slip estimation and re-planning iteratively. This guarantees the safe travel of the vehicle even when there is an unexpected terrain change that can be fatal. The simulation result shows that the iterative estimation and re-planning plays a significant role in ensuring the safety of the vehicle.
Opinion: Finding the plot in science storytelling in hopes of enhancing science communication.

Like the proverbial tree falling in a forest with no one around to hear it, science discoveries cannot have an impact unless people learn about them. The act of communication is part and parcel of doing research. And in an era increasingly defined by open access, crowdfunding, and citizen science endeavors, there is a growing demand for researchers to communicate their findings not just within their field—via institutional seminars, conference presentations, and peer-reviewed publications—but to general audiences as well. One of our main endeavors as scientists then, must be to present discoveries about which the public will care. Storytelling and narrative can help communicate science to nonexperts and improve the odds of science communication success. Image courtesy of Dave Cutler (artist). Borrowing communication strategies from the arts and humanities can help, and scientists would be wise to do so more often. As recent scholarship in science communications has suggested, an “information deficit” is not, by itself, the root cause of a poor understanding of science among portions of the lay public (1). Simply providing more information about a given issue won’t necessarily change minds or prompt, for example, a skeptical audience to accept the science of climate change. Recent work indicates that storytelling and narrative can help communicate science to nonexperts (2), within the wider context of “framing” as an important feature of public outreach. Creative writing—and fictional storytelling—offer clues on how to improve our odds of science communication success. Pursuing such strategies can help tackle what continues to be a monumental science communications challenge. As noted in a recent National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report on the state-of-the-art of science communication, the complexities that stand in the way of effective science communication are many, varied, and very often interdependent (3). They are not limited to the difficulties posed by … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: smart{at}neuralcorrelate.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Probabilistic quantification of wind power curtailment based on intra-seasonal wind forecasting approach

With the increase in integration of variable renewable generation into power grids, challenges regarding the utilization of their variable output power has increased. During low demand periods with highly wind power penetration, system reliability, stability and flexibility are disturbed. To eliminate these challenges, power curtailment appears to be one of the key solutions. With proper understanding of the amount of power to be curtailed, system flexibility can be improved. This paper provides quantification of wind power curtailment which helps system operators determine whether to utilize or curtail the generated power to increase system flexibility. The paper employs probabilistic approach in estimating wind output power to determine the amount of power to be curtailed at different buses during different seasons. A radial distribution system with 5 buses is used as a test system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Annual hourly wind speed and electric load data are considered in this study.
Rolling viscous drops on a non-wettable surface containing both micro- and macro-scale roughness

It has previously been shown that when a liquid drop of high viscosity is placed on a non-wettable inclined surface, it rolls down at a constant descent velocity determined by the balance between viscous dissipation and the reduction rate of its gravitational potential energy. Since increasing the roughness of the surface boosts its non-wetting property, the drop should move faster on a surface structured with macrotextures (ribbed surface). Such a surface was obtained from a superhydrophobic soot coating on a solid specimen printed with an extruder-type 3D printer. The sample became superoleophobic after a functionalization process. The descent velocity of glycerol drops of different radii was then measured on the prepared surface for varied tilting angles. Our data show that the drops roll down on the ribbed surface approximately 27% faster (along the ridges) than on the macroscopically smooth counterpart. This faster velocity demonstrates that ribbed surfaces can be promising candidates for drag-reduct...
Nicholson-Type Integrals for Products of Gegenbauer Functions and Related Topics

ABSTRACT Nicholson's integral gives a generalization of the relation sin2x + cos2x = 1 to the case of Bessel functions. This integral expresses the sum of the squares of the Bessel functions of the first and second kind, [J2v(x)+Y2v(x)] as an integral over a hyperbolic Bessel function, with the integrand positive. We present an analogous result for general Gegenbauer and Legendre functions derived from a new representation for the product of two Gegenbauer functions of the second kind, Dλ(α) (x). The result expresses the sum of the squares of the Gegenbauer functions on the cut, [(C(α)λ(x))2 + (D(α)λ(x))2], as an integral over a Gegenbauer function of the second kind, with the integrand again positive. The result for the ordinary Legendre functions is quite simple We discuss various applications of the general result, including the derivation of an asymptotic expansion, bounds, and some monotonicity properties for the Gegenbauer functions, some new results on products of Bessel functions, and the derivation of an analogous integral for Hermite functions. The last can be used to establish higher monotonicity properties for the Hermite polynomials.
Deep-Ocean Near-Bottom Surveying Techniques

The existence, nature and extent of seafloor mineral deposits must be determined by a sequence of operations ranging from broad area surveys to detailed on-bottom sampling and measurements. The mid-phase of the sequence would be the intensive near-bottom surveys with which this article is concerned. These can be carried out most efficiently using multiple sensor systems towed close to the seafloor. One example of such a system is the Marine Physical Laboratory’s Deep Tow, whose characteristics and applications are discussed. Beyond the side-looking sonars, subbottom sounders, magnetometers, cameras, television and water-property-measuring sensors used in today’s systems, however, are other types of approaches, such as acoustic backscattering measurements, and electromagnetic and chemical systems that could be used in this context. Finally, there are advanced towed vehicles under development (RUM III, Argo-Jason, PART) which can support not only the fine-scale survey function, but can combine it with some aspects of the final sampling and on-bottom measurement phase.
Ionic Species in Pulse Radiolysis of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. 2. Ab Initio Studies on the Structure and Optical Properties of (CO2)n+, (CO2)2-, and CO3-Ions

Gas-phase (CO2)+2-4 cations and (CO2)2-, CO3-, CO3-·H2O and CO3-·CO2 anions have been examined using density functional theory calculations. It is shown that the lowest energy (CO2)n+ cations are C...
A Model of Constitutional Constraints on Benevolent Governments and a Reassessment of the 1970s Property Tax Revolt

States forced by courts to tie assessed values to market values created uncertainty about property tax bills and we show that under rational expectations this uncertainty produces voter support for tax limits on benevolent government. We estimate that moving to market reassessment before the 1970s property tax revolt increased the likelihood of enacting a tax limit by 30 percent. Our theoretical and empirical results demonstrate that voters supporting tax limits on benevolent governments in an effort to reduce tax payment uncertainty is consistent with the evidence and thereby refute the notion that tax limits are inconsistent with benevolent local government.
Patients' Medical and Psychosocial Experiences After Detection of a CDH1 Variant With Multigene Panel Testing.

PURPOSEGermline CDH1 pathogenic variants (PV) are associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Although prevalence of CDH1 PV is low in the general population, detec...
Intravenous Infusion and Flow Rate

The advantages of the intravenous infusion compared to the other routes of drug administration were briefly presented in Chap. 13. In this Chapter, we discuss all parameters that clinical scientists should be aware of prior to conducting dose, rate of infusion and frequency of infusion calculations. Finally, the IV infusion accessories are described prior to engaging you in calculation problems that are commonly encountered in the preparation of parenteral infusion solutions.
Massachusetts Community-Based Organization Perspectives on Medicaid Redesign.

Introduction The purpose of the study is to investigate how community-based organizations perceive Medicaid policy changes to address the social determinants of health. Methods This study included 46 key informant interviews, representing 44 community-based organizations across Massachusetts conducted from September 2017 to March 2018. The interviews were designed to collect community-based organizations’ perceptions of Medicaid policy changes. An Advisory Board was empaneled for feedback on data collection and analysis. Massachusetts was chosen as a study site in light of explicit policy efforts to incentivize healthcare organizations to take a more active role in social determinants of health, most notably through the creation of Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations. Results The community-based organizations expressed optimism about future partnerships with healthcare organizations. This optimism existed alongside the recognition that healthcare organizations and community-based organizations can have conflicting agendas, including misaligned outcomes of interest and timelines. Community-based organizations struggled to define a clear strategy for partnership in the face of incomplete information about how the final Medicaid redesign would proceed and what healthcare providers would be looking for in a partner. Conclusions Changes to Medicaid policy can catalyze interest in partnership between healthcare organizations and community-based organizations. To minimize the impact of conflicting agendas, policymakers and healthcare leadership should ensure community-based organizations are part of strategy development and social service program implementation. Supplement information This article is part of a supplement entitled Identifying and Intervening on Social Needs in Clinical Settings: Evidence and Evidence Gaps, which is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Kaiser Permanente, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Seventy Years of Computer Science

A quick tour through my long career with emphasis on how computer science has affected me and how I have affected computer science.
The Relative Utility of Concurrent Sources of Information for Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Early Childhood

The development of effective screening methods for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in early childhood remains a public health priority for communities around the world. Little is known regarding the concurrence between parent concerns about ASD and formal ASD diagnostic methods. This study aimed to examine the relationships among a priori parental ASD concern, ADOS classification, and a physician specialist's diagnosis. One hundred and thirty-four toddlers (74% male; mean age = 31.8 months, SD 4.4) received an evaluation at a university center specializing in ASD and neurodevelopmental disorders. Correspondence between a priori parental ASD suspicion and physician diagnosis of ASD was 61% (p = 0.028). Correspondence between a priori parental suspicion of ASD and ADOS ASD classification was 57% (p = 0.483). Correspondence between ADOS classification and physician diagnosis of ASD was 88% (p = 0.001). Our results have implications for evaluations in low resource regions of the world where access to physician specialists may be limited; the high correspondence between ADOS classification and a physician specialist's diagnosis supports the use of trained ADOS evaluators, such as field health workers or early childhood educators, in a tiered screening process designed to identify those most in need of a specialist's evaluation. Our results also have implications for public health efforts to provide parent education to enable parents to monitor their child's development and share concerns with their providers. Parent awareness and expression of concern coupled with timely responses from providers may lead toward earlier identification of ASD, and other neurodevelopmental disorders, and hence, generate opportunities for earlier and more personalized intervention approaches, which in turn may help improve long-term outcomes. Empowering parents and community members to screen for ASD may be especially important in regions of the world where access to formal diagnosis is limited.
Getting Their Hands Dirty: How Female Managers Motivate Female Worker Productivity Through Subordinate Scut Work

Using ethnographic, personnel, and experimental data from an Indian garment factory, this paper investigates whether and how manager gender affects female worker productivity. We find that female m...
COVID-19 Pandemic Increased Anxiety Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Patient Survey in a Tertiary Referral Center.

COVID-19 is the first global pandemic in more than 100 years, and at its onset, the effects were largely unknown. Immunocompromised patients, including IBD, were presumed to have higher risk. We hypothesized patients with IBD would have higher-than-baseline anxiety, high perceived vulnerability and significant lifestyle impacts as a result of the pandemic. We sought to assess the impact of these changes on disease and management. A cross-sectional study of patients with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and IBD-unspecified was conducted. Patients were invited to participate by email in an IRB-approved brief, voluntary survey. Survey questions focused on disease characteristics, healthcare access and self-reported psychological well-being. Responses from 492 (CD = 337, UC = 141,IC = 14) patients were included in the analysis. The majority of patients with IBD had increased anxiety since the pandemic, which correlated with an increase in GI symptoms. This risk of symptoms was mitigated by communication with their provider. Many patients had lifestyle changes including requesting time off work due to perceived vulnerability and changes in eating habits. Our findings support an increase in illness-associated anxiety and perceived vulnerability among patients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Open communication with providers is important to maintain adequate control of disease and reduce symptoms of flares triggered by ongoing stress.
Photovoltages in Polycrystalline Mosaic Solar Cells.

In some thin-film solar cells the light-absorbing layer is a mosaic of crystalline grains whose boundaries run from the back to the front of the cell. We used the semiconductor modeling software Sesame to do numerical calculations of the optoelectronic properties of such cells assuming that recombination of minority photocarriers occurs primarily at the grain boundaries. The work complements analytical results for diffusion-limited recombination at grain boundaries and dislocations. We chose idealized n-CdS/p-CdTe solar cells for illustration. We find that the open-circuit voltage, VOC, under illumination declines logarithmically with increasing ratio D/θ2, where D is the ambipolar diffusion constant governing minority-carrier transport and θ is the grain size (from 1 to 10 μm). While a decline in VOC as mobility increases is counterintuitive, this finding is consistent with related analytical results and confirms their utility. However, open-circuit voltages are about 0.04-0.10 V lower than the corresponding analytical estimates. We show that the deficit is mostly a consequence of a recombination shortcut. At open circuit, minority photocarrier currents at points closer to the n-CdS interface than to a grain boundary are directed through the conducting front layers and terminate near the "hot spot" at the intersection with the grain boundary. The shortcut lowers open-circuit voltages by about 0.05 V below the analytical estimates.
Generation, cryopreservation, function and in vivo persistence of ex vivo expanded cynomolgus monkey Treg (TRAN1P.927)

Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) function to promote immune tolerance and prevent immunopathogenesis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that adoptive transfer of Treg prevents rejection of organ allografts in mice and humanized mouse models. In this study, we optimized a protocol to expand flow-sorted cynomolgus Treg >1000-fold after three rounds of stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb-pulsed artificial APCs, rapamycin and IL-2. The expanded Treg from each round maintained high level expression of Treg signature markers, -CD25, CD27, CD39, Foxp3, Helios, CTLA-4, as well as CXCR3, a homing receptor of Th1-like cells. In contrast to expanded Teff, Treg produced minimal IFN-γ and IL-17 and no IL-2. In addition, the expanded Treg from each round showed high suppressive capacity in vitro. Compared to freshly-expanded Treg, Treg immediately thawed from cryopreserved stocks maintained Treg signature markers and suppressive capacity, but were less viable. However, additional rounds of stimulation/expansion restored maximal viability. Adoptively-transferred autologous Treg labeled with CFSE (approximately 2x10 7 /kg, i.v.) could be detected in vivo 2-3 months post infusion in peripheral blood, inguinal LN, mesenteric LN and spleen. Moreover, these cells maintained CD25, CCR7, CXCR3 expression and acquired CD62L after infusion in vivo.
Decomposable Trust for Android Applications

Current operating system designs require applications (apps) to implicitly place trust in a large amount of code. Taking Android as an example, apps must trust both the kernel as well as privileged userspace services that consist of hundreds of thousands of lines of code. Malware apps, on the other hand, aim to exploit any vulnerabilities in the above large trusted base to escalate their privileges. Once malware escalates its privileges, additional attacks become feasible, such as stealing credentials by scanning memory pages or intercepting user interactions of sensitive apps, e.g., those used for banking or health management. This paper introduces a novel mechanism, called Anception, that strategically deprivileges a significant portion of the kernel and system services, moving them to an untrusted container, thereby significantly reducing the attack surface for privilege escalation available to malware. Anception supports unmodified apps, running on a modified Android kernel. It achieves performance close to native Android on several popular macro benchmarks and provides security against many types of known Android root exploits.
Salvage Chemotherapy for Refractory Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary (TCC)

Abstract Objective: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the ovary is reportedly more sensitive to first-line chemotherapy and has a better prognosis than the more common serous carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine the responsiveness of refractory ovarian TCC to salvage chemotherapy. Methods: Thirty-three patients with refractory TCC who received either platinum drugs or taxanes as salvage chemotherapy at our institution were identified through a retrospective review. Clinical information was abstracted from the medical records, and patient characteristics and response rates were determined. Pathologic sections from all cases were reviewed. Results: The median age of the 33 patients was 53 years (range, 39–71 years). FIGO stage distribution among patients included 1 stage II and 32 stage III. Twenty-six tumors (79%) were classified as TCC-predominant (>50% of the tumor having the TCC pattern), and seven tumors (21%) were classified as non-TCC predominant ( n = 20) or in combination ( n = 7). In 21 of the 27 instances, patients had measurable disease and were evaluable for response. There were nine (43%) complete responses and six (29%) partial responses; in six instances, no response was observed. The overall response rate was therefore 72%. Thirteen patients, of whom 12 had measurable disease, received taxanes (paclitaxel in 10, docetaxel in 2, and paclitaxel+cisplatin in 1). There were partial responses in six (50%) and no response in six. Only one of the responders received high-dose paclitaxel (250 mg/m 2 ). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TCC may remain more chemosensitive than more common epithelial tumors in the refractory setting. The relative influences of tumor biology and treatment, however, remain undetermined.
Photoinduced dissociation of methylnitrite on Ag(1 1 1)

Abstract Electronic excitations and photoinduced electron attachment states of methylnitrite (CH 3 ONO) adsorbed on Ag(1 1 1) are investigated by ab initio methods. The calculated ground state energies of the cis and trans isomers of the methylnitrite molecule are nearly degenerate, with the trans structure lower than the cis by 0.03 eV at the CI level. Experimentally, the cis isomer is estimated to be more stable by 0.03 eV. The energy of methylnitrite in its ground electronic state on the silver surface is nearly the same for both isomer configurations and changes only slightly with isomer orientation and adsorption site. In both cis and trans forms, structures in which the internal oxygen points towards the surface and the O(internal)N internuclear axis lies between 30° and 45° from the surface are favored. The calculated adsorption energy is 0.60 eV for the cis isomer. Ground and excited state potential energy curves for dissociation to CH 3 O/Ag and NO (gas phase) are calculated at the CI level for both internal electronic excitations and for electron attachment excited states. The calculated ground state dissociation energy is 1.5 eV, a value 0.20 eV less than calculated for the gas phase dissociation. The metal-mediated excitation (electron attachment to the adsorbate and hole in the metal) leads to a repulsive triplet state with a vertical excitation energy of 4.7 eV and negligible singlet–triplet splitting. A second excited state produced by electron excitation within methylnitrite produces distinct singlet and triplet states. The vertical excitation occurs at 2.4 eV for the triplet state and at 3.4 eV for the singlet state. In comparing the methylnitrite/Ag(1 1 1) potential energy surface to that of gas phase methylnitrite, a shallow minimum in the first excited singlet state for the molecule appears only as a plateau in the adsorbate/metal system when the excitation is from within methylnitrite. There is a 10-fold increase in methylnitrite/silver mixing in the metal-mediated excitation as compared to the internal excitation, which may explain the surprising experimental result that dissociation does not follow metal-mediated excitation.
Plasma Lycopene Concentrations in Humans Are Determined by Lycopene Intake, Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations and Selected Demographic Factors

Higher plasma lycopene concentrations have been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases. Determinants of lycopene concentrations in humans have received limited attention. We had blood lycopene concentrations and lycopene consumption data available from 111 participants in a two-center cancer prevention trial involving beta-carotene and examined determinants of plasma lycopene levels cross-sectionally. The median plasma lycopene level was 0.59 micromol/L (range 0.07-1.79). Low plasma concentrations of lycopene were associated with the following variables in univariate analyses: study site (Florida lower than Connecticut, P = 0.001), being nonmarried (P = 0.02), having lower income (P = 0.003), being nonwhite race/ethnicity (P = 0.03), having lower dietary lycopene intake (r = 0.29, P = 0.002), having lower plasma cholesterol (r = 0. 43, P = 0.0001) and triglyceride levels (r = 0.26, P = 0.005), and consuming less vitamin C (r = 0.20, P = 0.03). Women had slightly higher plasma lycopene levels than men (0.65 vs. 0.58 micromol/L; P = 0.31), despite lower dietary intake of lycopene (1,040 vs. 1,320 microg/d; P = 0.50). Plasma lycopene levels did not differ in smokers and nonsmokers. In stepwise regression analyses, the determinants of plasma lycopene were plasma cholesterol, dietary lycopene, and marital status; these three variables explained 26% of the variance in plasma lycopene. Relatively few lifestyle and demographic factors were important determinants of plasma lycopene levels, with plasma cholesterol, marital status, and lycopene intake being of greatest importance.
Interleukin-12 inhibits tumor growth in a novel angiogenesis canine hemangiosarcoma xenograft model.

We established a canine hemangiosarcoma cell line derived from malignant endothelial cells comprising a spontaneous tumor in a dog to provide a renewable source of endothelial cells for studies of angiogenesis in malignancy. Pieces of the hemangiosarcoma biopsy were engrafted subcutaneously in a bg/nu/XID mouse allowing the tumor cells to expand in vivo. A cell line, SB-HSA, was derived from the xenograft. SB-HSA cells expressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1 and 2, CD31, CD146, and αvβ3 integrin, and produced several growth factors and cytokines, including VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, and interleukin (IL)-8 that are stimulatory to endothelial cell growth. These results indicated that the cells recapitulated features of mitotically activated endothelia. In vivo, SB-HSA cells stimulated robust angiogenic responses in mice and formed tumor masses composed of aberrant vascular channels in immunocompromised mice providing novel opportunities for investigating the effectiveness of antiangiogenic agents. Using this model, we determined that IL-12, a cytokine with both immunostimulatory and antiangiogenic effects, suppressed angiogenesis induced by, and tumor growth of, SB-HSA cells. The endothelial cell model we have described offers unique opportunities to pursue further investigations with IL-12, as well as other antiangiogenic approaches in cancer therapy.
RNA synthesis using a universal, base-stable allyl linker

The application of a universal allyl linker, 9-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-10-undecenoic acid, to the solid phase synthesis of RNA molecules is described. Use of this linker simplifies significantly the isolation and purification steps in RNA synthesis. The linker is universal in that it does not contain a nucleoside. The 3'terminal nucleoside is instead attached to the support in the first coupling step. The resultant RNA fragment is then obtained as the 3'-phosphate. The linker is base-stable, and thus all reagents used during deprotection can simply be washed away, leaving the RNA attached. Further, tritylated short fragments resulting from chain cleavage for any reason are also washed away before separation from the support. This linker is compatible with any current synthetic methodology and any amino functionalized support. Of course, silica supports would not be compatible with fluoride reagents. It could also be used to advantage for other applications. Because it is cleaved under conditions orthogonal to those used during many common reactions, the range of post-synthetic manipulations that can be carried out without cleavage from the support is extended significantly.
Applied Linguistics Redux: A Derridean Exploration of Alzheimer Lifehistories

Advocating a position of self-critique, whereby we revisit our old research sites to dis-assemble our prior thinking in relation to our current cognitions, this paper offers, among other things, a critical revisitation and Derridean interpretation of one of my previous long-term, ethnographic endeavours: my extended work with the memories and lifehistories of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Gathered over the span of three and a half years, this body of research was devoted to countering several psycholinguistic strains characterizing Alzheimer speech. Revisiting that work given my current cognitions raises, among other things, Derridean questions about ‘originals’. If it seemed that the scholarship first produced was the ‘original’, is the (present) paper produced as a result of critical re-visitation an original of a different, receding (or progressing) kind? Uncovering ways in which I, in retrospect, interpret Alzheimer's discourse from a Derridean perspective raises critical issues relating to our evolving cognitions and knowledge-making practices. In other words, what is the status of claims we make in the course of our research and how do these impact disciplinary ideologies? The paper also raises quasi-philosophical questions about the nature of ‘texts’, ‘originals’ and ‘presences’, and ‘truths’.
Comparison of three methods for incorporation of liquid fat into diets for lactating dairy cows

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether method of incorporation of tallow (iodine value = 57.7) into a TMR for lactating dairy cows affected DMI, milk production or composition, ruminal characteristics, or nutrient digestibilities. In Experiment 1, 8 Holstein and 8 Jersey cows were fed diets containing 1) control, no fat; 2) fat (5% of DM) added first to the concentrate; 3) fat added first to the haylage; and 4) fat added as the last ingredient in the TMR. The DMI was lower when fat was added last to the TMR; DMI was decreased for Jerseys, but not Holsteins, when fat was added first to the concentrate. Milk production was increased, and milk fat percentage decreased, by fat supplementation, but neither differed among application methods. Milk protein percentage was decreased by fat supplementation but was decreased less when fat was added last to the TMR. Production of milk CP, true protein, and casein protein was greater when fat was first mixed with haylage or added last to the TMR. In Experiment 2, four Holstein cows with ruminal cannulas were fed the same diets. Ruminal fermentation characteristics and apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ash were not different among diets. Digestibility of total fatty acids was decreased when fat was added first to haylage or last to the TMR. Incorporation method had relatively minor effects on variables.
Identifying the Economic Effects of Salt Water Intrusion after Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina made landfall August 29, 2005 becoming the costliest and one of the deadliest hurricanes in U.S. history. Katrina caused widespread loss of life, with over 700 bodies recovered in New Orleans by October 23, 2005. Before Hurricane Katrina, the region supported approximately one million non-farm jobs, with 600,000 of them in New Orleans. The ecological consequences were considerable including storm surge floods into coastal areas. These ecological impacts are still being felt throughout the region through human-driven coastal erosion and saltwater intrusion—issues that have long been damaging the region's natural storm buffers—were made worse by the hurricane. Specifically this research will: (1) provide current updates of the economic and ecological impacts from Katrina (2) review the current literature relating to salt water intrusion and (3) identify the economic impact of salt water erosion from hurricane Katrina.
Three-year occlusal wear of posterior composite restorations.

The specific aims of this study were to: 1) measure the occlusal wear of four different dental composite materials placed in the posterior teeth of adults; and 2) evaluate the effect of the clinical parameters, cavity class and tooth type on occlusal wear. Four different visible light-cured composite materials were used to make the restorations in this study. The restorations placed for this randomized clinical trial were scored through the use of an indirect evaluation system (M-L scale). The total sample size per recall ranged from 90 to 142 restorations from baseline to 36 months. The mean wear at 36 months for Heliomolar, JJ this effect was again not statistically significant. These data support the hypothesis that the overall wear of a composite restoration is more dependent on the material's properties than clinical parameters such as cavity class and tooth type.
Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of open classical systems

We describe the ergodic and thermodynamical properties of chains of anharmonic oscillators coupled, at the boundaries, to heat reservoirs at positive and dierent temperatures. We discuss existence and uniqueness of stationary states, rate of convergence to stationarity, heat flows and entropy production, Kubo formula and Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in preschool survivors of the Fontan procedure

Objectives The study objectives were to compare the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preschool survivors of the Fontan procedure with those of children with congenital heart disease undergoing biventricular repair and to investigate predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome for those with single ventricle congenital heart disease, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Methods Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 4 years of age, including cognition, visual–motor integration, behavior, social skills, and academic achievement. Unadjusted outcomes were compared between patients with biventricular circulation and patients with single ventricles. Predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome were assessed in the patients with single ventricles. Multiple covariate models were evaluated using patient-related, operative, and postoperative covariates. Results Neurodevelopmental evaluation was performed in 365 children, 112 after the Fontan procedure (hypoplastic left heart syndrome, n = 91; other single ventricle, n = 21) and 253 after biventricular repair. Compared with patients with biventricular circulation, patients with single ventricles performed worse in terms of processing speed, inattention, and impulsivity. Otherwise, there were no significant differences between the groups for any domain. There was a trend toward lower performance for patients with single ventricles on visual motor integration. Outcomes for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome were not worse than for other forms of functional single ventricle. Patient factors were more important predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes than were operative management variables. Conclusions In this cohort, unadjusted neurodevelopmental outcomes for preschool survivors of the Fontan procedure are similar to those for children with congenital heart disease undergoing biventricular repair for most domains. Among the patients undergoing the Fontan procedure, hypoplastic left heart syndrome was not associated with worse outcomes compared with other forms of single ventricle.
Serum Leptin Concentration and its Relationship to Maturation and Body Fatness in African-American and Caucasian Girls † 608

Serum Leptin Concentration and its Relationship to Maturation and Body Fatness in African-American and Caucasian Girls † 608
SYNTHESIS OF A BIOCHEMICALLY IMPORTANT ALDEHYDE, 3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYLACETALDEHYDE

Abstract 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL) is an important precursor of the major brain metabolites of noradrenaline, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyglycol, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. Methods for the synthesis of DOPEGAL have been developed. The α-hydroxy and masked aldehyde groups were introduced simultaneously in one step. This method dan also be used for preparation of other metabolites of catecholamines.
The distribution of compound sums of Pareto distributed losses

An expression is derived for the cumulative distribution function of , the aggregate losses in a period, where N is the random number of losses and the X k 's are independent and identically distributed. Pareto random variables. Specific expressions are derived for the two most commonly used compound models in actuarial risk theory: the compound Poisson and the compound negative binomial.
Synergism between staphylococci and proteus in mixed infection.

SummaryEvidence has been presented indicating that in vivo synergism exists between Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris when these organisms are injected into Webster-Swiss mice. By using combinations of live and heat-killed cultures of these organisms as well as extracts of the staphylococcus it has been demonstrated that the apparent lethal infectious agent in this combination is proteus and that some product elaborated by the staphylococcus is responsible for the enhancement of virulence of the proteus challenge. Although the mechanism of this interaction is not understood, it has been suggested that in this phenomenon the staphylococcal product acts in a manner similar to that of gram-negative bacterial endotoxins. Furthermore, this material is extractable by procedures used for extraction of such endotoxins. It has been shown also that the Staphylococcus epidermidis strains so far examined do not appear to have the same infection-enhancing properties as the coagulase-positive S. aureus strains...
Water relations of five tropical tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama.

Diurnal curves of xylem pressure potential (P) and leaf conductance (C) were measured for five tree species of the lowland tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Measurements were taken just before and just after the beginning of the rainy season. The species studied were: Cordia alliodora, Faramea occidentalis, Heisteria concinna, Macquira costaricana, and Trichilia cipo.For all species, predawn (base P) and daytime values of P increased markedly after the beginning of the rainy season. Diurnal patterns of C were quite diverse. C. alliodora showed a decline in C during the day whereas F. occidentaus, H. concinna, and M. costaricana showed little change. Conductance of the last three species was lower before the first rains. T. cipo exhibited more complicated behavior for P and C. Before the rainy season, low values of base P and midday P were observed (-26 bars and-39 bars, respectively). Conductance was also low. After the first rains, base P increased to-4 bars. At this time, midday P and C appeared to respond to vapor pressure deficit (VPD), being less on a day with high VPD than on a day with low VPD.
Seeing the Trees in Your Terrace

A fundamental challenge in evolutionary biology is the use of DNA or protein sequences to infer the tree of life. The advent of rapid and inexpensive sequencing technology has enabled researchers to make inferences about evolutionary relationships (phylogenies) based on many genes (loci). One approach to estimating phylogenetic trees is to concatenate, or join together, the DNA sequences for individual genes into a larger “supermatrix.” Such data sets, however, are often characterized by many missing sequences, hampering efforts to infer evolutionary connections. On page 448 of this issue, Sanderson et al. ( 1 ) provide insight into efficiently overcoming these gaps. They show that using standard methods for supermatrix analysis can produce a phylogenetic landscape that is dominated by “terraces”—sets of possible trees with identical optimality scores—and help ease the task of estimating evolutionary relatedness.
Allan Hills A81005: A rare bird

A sole, crystalline metal grain about 1 mm in diameter is lodged in a small sample (3×2.5×3 cm) of anorthositic breccia that was collected with other pristine meteorites in the ice floe at Allan Hills, Antarctica. The fascination of sample ALHA81005 is that it is a very unusual anorthositic breccia, the only such meteorite ever found. This breccia sample is composed mostly of Ca-rich plagioclase, averaging An 97 (range An 95–98), with striking similarity to anorthositic samples collected during the Apollo missions from the lunar highlands. Only time and the results of chemical analyses of major and trace elements will tell whether this is the first meteoritic sample identified from the moon. Meanwhile, in the Antarctic Meteorite Newsletter (Nov. 1982), Brian Mason describes this sample as ‘a very rare bird’ indeed.
Regional anesthesia and pediatric cardiac surgery

Abstract Treatment of pain after cardiac surgery is the subject of a growing number of publications and presentations because of the current trend toward “fast-track” management. Tracheal extubation in the operating room or within a few hours of admission to the intensive care unit has become common practice after the repair of simple cardiac defects. This precludes the use of large doses of systemic opioids during and after surgery because of resultant respiratory depression. A multimodal approach to the treatment of postoperative pain is therefore required. The use of regional anesthesia in combination with general anesthesia for children undergoing cardiac surgery has been reported to facilitate early tracheal extubation and provide analgesia after cardiac surgery in children. In this article, the benefits and risks of regional anesthesia in infants and children having open heart surgery are reviewed. In addition, specific techniques in use are described. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Confidence Limits for the Intraclass Correlation in Compound‐Poisson Sampling

When the underlying responses are discrete, the interval estimation of the intraclass correlation derived from the normality assumption is not strictly valid for use. This paper focuses the interval estimation on the intraclass correlation under the negative binomial distribution, that has been commonly applied in epidemiological or consumer purchasing behaviour studies. This paper develops two simple asymptotic interval estimation procedures in closed forms for the intraclass correlation. To evaluate the performance of these procedures, a Monte Carlo simulation is carried out for a variety of situations. An example about consumer purchasing behaviors is also included to illustrate the use of the two proposed interval estimation procedures.
Direct Observation of Intermediate States in Membrane Fusion by Photonic Force Microscopy

Protein-free lipid bilayer fusion is an important model system for studying fundamental properties of biological membrane fusion. Fusion intermediates, as observed in viral or synaptic fusion, have been shown to be similar to those found with phospholipid membranes (Chernomordik and Kozlov, (2008), Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 15(7):675-683) To determine what role proteins play in the fusion process, one must understand the intermediate steps of protein-free fusion first. However, the characterization of all fusion intermediates in a single fusion event is difficult because some intermediates are expected to occur only on fast time scale.Fusion of a vesicle to a target membrane can be modeled by bringing an optically trapped and lipid bilayer-coated silica bead onto a membrane-coated glass coverslide. We use a Photonic Force Microscope to measure the position of the trapped bead in three-dimensions with microsecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution (Bartsch et al., (2009), ChemPhysChem, 10(9-10):1541-1547). These position traces contain a wealth of information about the fusion event.In our assay, fusion can be induced with thermal energy alone; no additional force is needed. Fusion intermediates (transient fusion, stalk formation, hemifusion and full fusion) are clearly distinguishable. They are stable over periods of time and transitions between them are shorter than the lifetime of the intermediates by orders of magnitude. Each intermediate shows characteristic features in the bead's thermal fluctuation amplitude and position distribution. For instance, the confinement of the particle by the membrane in a hemifused stage shows typical features expected for a two-dimensional fluid.Our assay is general, as it allows one to study the influence of lipid composition, protein content, or buffer conditions on the intermediates of membrane fusion. The assay can be combined with other established methods for monitoring membrane fusion.
Limbic encephalitis secondary to malignant thymoma

A 56-year-old woman presented with memory loss and an enlarging mediastinal mass on chest roentgenogram. Physical findings were normal except for an altered mental status examination consistent with dementia. Further radiologic assessment was nondiagnostic. Surgical resection of a malignant thymoma resulted in clinical improvement. Treatment for limbic encephalitis should be directed at the underlying disease, and symptoms may improve if the tumor is eradicated.
Mood disorder following stroke.

Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated biological causes of poststroke mood disorders. Newly discovered aprosodias, produced mainly by injuries to the right hemisphere, have added to knowledge of the neuroanatomy and pathophysiology of the brain. These mood disorders afflict thousands of individuals every year but continue to remain little known or misunderstood by many clinicians. The extent to which these syndromes can be effectively treated with psychopharmacologic agents has only begun to be examined.