cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systemic Overexpression of BCL-2 in the Hematopoietic System Protects Transgenic Mice From the Consequences of Lethal Irradiation

A new transgenic mouse has been generated in which the proto-oncogene BCL-2 is ubiquitously overexpressed. H2K-BCL-2 transgenic mice overexpress BCL-2 in all cells of the hematolymphoid system and have been used to assess the role of BCL-2 in protecting cells of the hematolymphoid system from the consequences of ionizing radiation. We have expanded on previous studies that have demonstrated protection for specific (lymphoid) cell populations and show that systemic overexpression of BCL-2 can protect the hematopoietic system as a whole, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), thus increasing the radioresistance of the animal. The increase in radioresistance in H2K-BCL-2 transgenic mice has two components: an increase in the radioresistance of individual cells and, to a lesser extent, an increase in the size of certain critically important cell populations, such as HSC. Bone marrow transplantation experiments show that the increased radioresistance of the transgenic animals is provided by cells of the hematopoietic system. Protection against the consequences of irradiation is not limited to the increased expression levels of BCL-2 in transgenic mice; levels of endogenous BCL-2 are higher in lymphocyte populations that survive irradiation in wild-type mice. We show that ubiquitous overexpression of BCL-2 in the hematopoietic system can be used to increase the resistance of animals to lethal challenges such as irradiation.
Survival of bacteria after freezing of human semen in liquid nitrogen.

Thirty-four semen samples from fertile men were subjected to bacteriologic evaluation before and after freezing to −196° C using 10% glycerol as the protective medium. Cultures of the fresh portions from all ejaculates examined showed the presence of aerobic bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium sp., α -streptococci, and nonhemolytic streptococci were found so commonly that they were considered commensals. Enterococci, Escherichia coli, S. aureus, and β -hemolytic streptococci group B, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P . maltophilia, and P . fluorescens, were also recovered from a few semen samples of these fertile men. Practically all bacteria isolated from the fresh ejaculate were also recovered from the portions frozen in liquid nitrogen.
Application and Discussion about Data Docking and Closed-loop Feedback Management

Objective:Effectively regulate medical behavior of doctors and improve the reasonableness and standard ability of medications by take advantage of the secondary platform.Methods:Develop interface independently based on the existing HIS system, in order to upload the data required.Combining management system and information technology,adopt the upper and lower linkage of secondary platform and closed—loop management to manage the process of drugs application.Results:Date uploading accurately and consolidation,closed—loop feedback management effectively worked,monitoring index meets the management requirement,the regulation of antibacterial agent up to the standard of Health Ministry,completely change the past terminal management mode,prove the rationality of employing internet regulation platform of Yang Guang Yi Yao in hospital management.Discussion:Could make comparison between hospitals and make horizontal comparison,vertical comparison and benchmarking comparison inside the hospital by adopting single disease management or diagnosis related disease groups management,make the regulation of Yang Guang Yi Yao platform more scientific and systematic.
Shockwave Energy Dissipation in Metal–Organic Framework MOF-5

We investigate the response of the metal–organic framework MOF-5 to shock loading along various crystallographic orientations using molecular dynamics simulations with the reactive force field ReaxFF. The dynamical compressive load leads to the volumetric collapse of the open structure of MOF-5. A two-wave structure forms with a pore-collapse wave following a leading elastic precursor that propagates at a higher speed. Interestingly, the propagating pore-collapse wave weakens the elastic precursor indicating possible applications of these materials for shockwave dissipation. Within the two-wave regime, an increase in piston velocity leads to an increase in the velocity of the pore-collapse wave, but the pressure and velocity of the elastic precursor remain unchanged. For piston velocities between 2 and 3 km/s (depending on orientation) the pore-collapse wave catches up with the elastic precursor leading to an overdriven regime. The simulations yield insight into the molecular process of pore collapse and ...
Transition to Residency: The “Internship 101 Experience”

6 Sou .com BACKGROUND AND SETTING Graduates of U.S. medical schools often lack the key skills and knowledge necessary for the difficult transition to residency. Residency program directors recognize the gaps in medical school education and suggest broadening the educational experience for fourth-year students. In a recent review, Walling and Merando articulated a belief that the fourth year of medical student education must “achieve the complementary goals of successfully completing the medical school phase of education and transitioning to residency.” Many schools have successfully developed “capstone” rotations and multidisciplinary experiences designed to meet the broad needs of graduating students. However, most of these courses, although well intended, have been limited to that content deemed important by course directors, faculty and administrators —the students' needs have been very rarely considered.
Vindicating the Emotional Citizen

Open and competitive elections, coupled with citizen participation, shape virtually all ideas about democracy. There are certain expectations and assumptions underscoring conceptualizations about the democratic participation of citizens and often the role of emotions is noticeably absent. This chapter outlines traditional approaches in political behavior research and considers more contemporary theories that justify the role of emotion in human cognition especially in political contexts. The chapter outlines the base academic assumptions that underscore the work and advocates the position that campaigns matter in shaping context in which voters are making choices in American politics.
Validation of a Projection-domain Insertion of Liver Lesions into CT Images.

Rationale and Objectives The aim of this study was to validate a projection-domain lesion-insertion method with observer studies. Materials and Methods A total of 51 proven liver lesions were segmented from computed tomography images, forward projected, and inserted into patient projection data. The images containing inserted and real lesions were then reconstructed and examined in consensus by two radiologists. First, 102 lesions (51 original, 51 inserted) were viewed in a randomized, blinded fashion and scored from 1 (absolutely inserted) to 10 (absolutely real). Statistical tests were performed to compare the scores for inserted and real lesions. Subsequently, a two-alternative-forced-choice test was conducted, with lesions viewed in pairs (real vs. inserted) in a blinded fashion. The radiologists selected the inserted lesion and provided a confidence level of 1 (no confidence) to 5 (completely certain). The number of lesion pairs that were incorrectly classified was calculated. Results The scores for inserted and proven lesions had the same median (8) and similar interquartile ranges (inserted, 5.5–8; real, 6.5–8). The mean scores were not significantly different between real and inserted lesions (P value = 0.17). The receiver operating characteristic curve was nearly diagonal, with an area under the curve of 0.58 ± 0.06. For the two-alternative-forced-choice study, the inserted lesions were incorrectly identified in 49% (25 out of 51) of pairs; radiologists were incorrect in 38% (3 out of 8) of pairs even when they felt very confident in identifying the inserted lesion (confidence level ≥4). Conclusions Radiologists could not distinguish between inserted and real lesions, thereby validating the lesion-insertion technique, which may be useful for conducting virtual clinical trials to optimize image quality and radiation dose.
Treatment of Benign Rolandic Epilepsy

The outcome of ten untreated and 20 treated patients with benign childhood epilepsy with Rolandic spikes was studied retrospectively after recovery at the Institute of Neurology, University of Bologna, Italy.
What If Coleman Had Known About Stereotype Threat? How Social-Psychological Theory Can Help Mitigate Educational Inequality

The Coleman Report has inspired various lines of inquiry offering new understandings of inequality of educational opportunity and the persistent achievement gaps in American schools. Of the various models and theories, stereotype threat, which focuses on social-psychological dimensions of inequality, has received considerable attention over the past twenty years. But what if stereotype threat theory, and associated interventions to combat it, had existed fifty years ago? Using data from the original Equality of Educational Opportunity Study, we find, consistent with the stereotype threat literature, that African American students confronted with more threatening educational contexts are burdened by a less favorable self-image; this finding partially explains how students’ internalization of racial stereotypes depresses their test scores. Based on these findings and on results from numerous laboratory and field experiments documenting the impact of stereotype threat and how to mitigate it, we explore its usefulness for studying educational inequality in the years to come.
Replication stalling and DNA microsatellite instability

Microsatellites are short, tandemly repeated DNA motifs of 1-6 nucleotides, also termed simple sequence repeats (SRSs) or short tandem repeats (STRs). Collectively, these repeats comprise approximately 3% of the human genome Subramanian et al. (2003), Lander and Lander (2001) [1,2], and represent a large reservoir of loci highly prone to mutations Sun et al. (2012), Ellegren (2004) [3,4] that contribute to human evolution and disease. Microsatellites are known to stall and reverse replication forks in model systems Pelletier et al. (2003), Samadashwily et al. (1997), Kerrest et al. (2009) [5-7], and are hotspots of chromosomal double strand breaks (DSBs). We briefly review the relationship of these repeated sequences to replication stalling and genome instability, and present recent data on the impact of replication stress on DNA fragility at microsatellites in vivo.
Generating AML-Specific Peripheral Blood Autologous Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes (CTLs)

Background : Ex-vivo expansion of CBT-cells using CD3/CD28 co-stimulatory beads, IL-2 + IL-7 and subsequent priming against leukemia cell lines using IL-15 generated specific CTLs. [1, 2] Hypothesis : We hypothesized that (a) patient-derived AML-specific PB auto CTLs could be generated with immune-stimulatory culture condition (b) Resistant AML samples would possess gene expression profiles similar to MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) (c) Frequency of T regs (CD4 + CD25 bright FoxP3 + ) and T-cell co-signaling molecules gene expression will be different between effective and ineffective CTLs. Methods: AML & auto T-cells were purified from cryopreserved PBMC of AML patients admitted with acute blast crisis (n=8). AML blasts were sustained in StemSpan™ Serum-Free media [STEMCELL Technologies] with MSC support + cytokine cocktail (IL-3, SCF, FLT3L, GMCSF, IL-4). T-cells were expanded in culture for 2 weeks as reported [1, 2] and subsequently primed with γ-irradiated auto AML weekly X 3 with IL15 + CD28ab [BD Biosciences]. At the end of week 3 (EOW3), cytotoxicity was assessed against AML and irrelevant targets - IM9 (lymphoid) and U937 (myeloid) cell lines, loaded with BATDA at an E:T ratio of 40:1, 20:1, 10:1 and 5:1 using DELFIA® EuTDA assay.[2] IFN-γ ELISPOT assay against same targets was also done.[2] RT-qPCR analysis was performed on AML & T-cells before and after priming, using Power SYBR® Green master mix ( Thermo Fisher Scientific ) and StepOne Plus system [Life Technologies]. Two-tailed student t-test compared experimental groups. Results · T-cells expanded in all samples (n=8) with a median expansion of 155-fold (range 11-489), at EOW3. · ELISPOT assay was positive in 4/8 samples. [ Fig 1 ] · CTL assay was difficult to standardize for primary AML blasts due to high degree of spontaneous apoptosis (>30% spontaneous release [SR]). · 2/8 samples were deemed evaluable (SR · Both samples showed AML-specific lysis. [ Fig 2 ] · Overall, AML-specific autologous CTL could be generated from 5 of 8 samples based on ELISPOT & CTL assays, regardless of original FAB immunophenotype, not shown. · T regs proportion declined significantly in effective CTLs post-priming as compared to pre-priming (56% to 24%, p-value 0.046, n=4). [ Fig 3 ] · T-cell gene expression profiling showed significant differences in effective vs ineffective CTLs. [ Table 1 ] · Resistant AML (n=3) had up-regulated downstream markers associated with MDSC generation compared to “non-resistant” AML (n=5). [ Table 2 ] Conclusions (a) AML-specific auto CTLs can be generated (b) T regs decreased with priming in effective CTLs (c) differential T-cell gene expression profile exists between effective and ineffective CTLs (d) AML gene expression suggests MDSC-like profile in resistant samples. Refs : 1.Davis et al. Cancer Research 2010;70(13):5249 2.Jeyaraj A, Chen X, Szabolcs P. IL-15 Induced Polyclonal CTL Generated From Expanded CBT Cells Against Leukemia Cell Lines Constitutes IFN-γ Producing Cells and TCRγδ Cells. ASH 2012 Annual Meeting Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Mapping the evolving definitions of translational research.

Objective Systematic review and analysis of definitions of translational research. Materials and methods The final corpus was comprised of 33 papers, each read by at least 2 reviewers. Definitions were mapped to a common set of research processes for presentation and analysis. Influence of papers and definitions was further evaluated using citation analysis and agglomerative clustering. Results All definitions were mapped to common research processes, revealing most common labels for each process. Agglomerative clustering revealed 3 broad families of definitions. Citation analysis showed that the originating paper of each family has been cited ~10 times more than any other member. Discussion Although there is little agreement between definitions, we were able to identify an emerging consensus 5-phase (T0–T4) definition for translational research. T1 involves processes that bring ideas from basic research through early testing in humans. T2 involves the establishment of effectiveness in humans and clinical guidelines. T3 primarily focuses on implementation and dissemination research while T4 focuses on outcomes and effectiveness in populations. T0 involves research such as genome-wide association studies which wrap back around to basic research. Conclusion We used systematic review and analysis to identify emerging consensus between definitions of translational research phases.
Effects of the electron-phonon coupling activation in collision cascades

Abstract Using the two-temperature (2T-MD) model in molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the condition of switching the electronic stopping term off when the electron-phonon coupling is activated in the damage production due to 50 keV Ni ion cascades in Ni and equiatomic NiFe. Additionally, we investigate the effect of the electron-phonon coupling activation time in the damage production. We find that the switching condition has negligible effect in the produced damage, while the choice of the activation time of the electron-phonon coupling can affect the amount of surviving damage.
A quantum-rovibrational-state-selected study of the proton-transfer reaction H2+(X2Σ+g: v+ = 1–3; N+ = 0–3) + Ne → NeH+ + H using the pulsed field ionization-photoion method: observation of the rotational effect near the reaction threshold

Using the sequential electric field pulsing scheme for vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser pulsed field ionization-photoion (PFI-PI) detection, we have successfully prepared H2+(X2Σ: v+ = 1-3; N+ = 0-5) ions in the form of an ion beam in single quantum-rovibrational-states with high purity, high intensity, and narrow laboratory kinetic energy spread (ΔElab ≈ 0.05 eV). This VUV-PFI-PI ion source, when coupled with the double-quadrupole double-octupole ion-molecule reaction apparatus, has made possible a systematic examination of the vibrational- as well as rotational-state effects on the proton transfer reaction of H2+(X2Σ: v+; N+) + Ne. Here, we present the integral cross sections [σ(v+; N+)'s] for the H2+(v+ = 1-3; N+ = 0-3) + Ne → NeH+ + H reaction observed in the center-of-mass kinetic energy (Ecm) range of 0.05-2.00 eV. The σ(v+ = 1, N+ = 1) exhibits a distinct Ecm onset, which is found to agree with the endothermicity of 0.27 eV for the proton transfer process after taking into account of experimental uncertainties. Strong v+-vibrational enhancements are observed for σ(v+ = 1-3, N+) in the Ecm range of 0.05-2.00 eV. While rotational excitations appear to have little effect on σ(v+ = 3, N+), a careful search leads to the observation of moderate N+-rotational enhancements at v+ = 2: σ(v+ = 2; N+ = 0) < σ(v+ = 2; N+ = 1) < σ(v+ = 2; N+ = 2) < σ(v+ = 2; N+ = 3), where the formation of NeH+ is near thermal-neutral. The σ(v+ = 1-3, N+ = 0-3) values obtained here are compared with previous experimental results and the most recent state-of-the-art quantum dynamics predictions. We hope that these new experimental results would further motivate more rigorous theoretical calculations on the dynamics of this prototypical ion-molecule reaction.
Scalp cooling to prevent or reduce chemotherapy-induced alopecia

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) has a significant impact on the quality of life of many cancer patients. Scalp cooling has been in use for decades for the prevention of CIA, and w...
Financial Hedges in Merchant Power Project Finance

The authors explain the elements of financial hedges used by generators in merchant power markets. The revenue put and the heat-rate call option (HRCO) are two hedge contracts frequently employed as an element of market risk mitigation in project financings for merchant power plants. The revenue put is a financial contract that effectively provides the generator with a floor on variable cash flows, while the HRCO is a swap of variable cash flows for a fixed payment stream. These hedges induce project finance lenders to provide more non-recourse leverage in financings by limiting the variability of a merchant generator’s energy margin. The authors use a hypothetical example of a combined-cycle power plant in the PJM power market to illustrate how a merchant plant’s energy margin may vary in a particular market based on natural gas prices, weather, and supply of generation in the market. They analyze the counterparty risk presented by these contracts for the generator and its financial counterpart, how counterparty exposure is measured and secured, and the factors that drive premiums for these hedges and their availability.
Laws and regulations of laser operation in the United States

The laws and regulations governing laser operation in the United States are vague, complex, and vary state-to-state. The objective of this study is to present an overview of the laws and regulations of laser operation in each of the 50 states. We performed an extensive online search of the law in each of the 50 states by examining multiple state cosmetology boards, state legislative boards, state nursing boards, and state medical boards. Laser regulations are best divided into three categories: delegation, supervision, and operation. Our findings demonstrate the complicated nature of the regulations covering this issue and identify a lack of regulation in numerous states. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:272-279, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coupling free radical catalysis, climate change, and human health

We present the chain of mechanisms linking free radical catalytic loss of stratospheric ozone, specifically over the central United States in summer, to increased climate forcing by CO2 and CH4 from fossil fuel use. This case directly engages detailed knowledge, emerging from in situ aircraft observations over the polar regions in winter, defining the temperature and water vapor dependence of the kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic conversion of inorganic chlorine (HCl and ClONO2) to free radical form (ClO). Analysis is placed in the context of irreversible changes to specific subsystems of the climate, most notably coupled feedbacks that link rapid changes in the Arctic with the discovery that convective storms over the central US in summer both suppress temperatures and inject water vapor deep into the stratosphere. This places the lower stratosphere over the US in summer within the same photochemical catalytic domain as the lower stratosphere of the Arctic in winter engaging the risk of amplifying the rate limiting step in the ClO dimer catalytic mechanism by some six orders of magnitude. This transitions the catalytic loss rate of ozone in lower stratosphere over the United States in summer from HOx radical control to ClOx radical control, increasing the overall ozone loss rate by some two orders of magnitude over that of the unperturbed state. Thus we address, through a combination of observations and modeling, the mechanistic foundation defining why stratospheric ozone, vulnerable to increased climate forcing, is one of the most delicate aspects of habitability on the planet.
Data Mining with Algorithmic Transparency.

In this paper, we investigate whether decision trees can be used to interpret a black-box classifier without knowing the learning algorithm and the training data. Decision trees are known for their transparency and high expressivity. However, they are also notorious for their instability and tendency to grow excessively large. We present a classifier reverse engineering model that outputs a decision tree to interpret the black-box classifier. There are two major challenges. One is to build such a decision tree with controlled stability and size, and the other is that probing the black-box classifier is limited for security and economic reasons. Our model addresses the two issues by simultaneously minimizing sampling cost and classifier complexity. We present our empirical results on four real datasets, and demonstrate that our reverse engineering learning model can effectively approximate and simplify the black box classifier.
QUASI-DECOMPOSITIONS, EXACT SEQUENCES, AND TRIPLE SUMS OF SEMIGROUPS. II. APPLICATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the quasi-decompositions, exact sequences, and triple sums of semigroups. In an arbitrary semilattice S, two families of closure retracts related to left Brouwerian elements a and right Brouwerian elements z are studied. One may write those retract a → S and S → z , respectively. Both one-to-one correspondences seem to be new. The right one, however, centers around the famous Glivenko — Frink result for pseudo-complemented semilattices. It is found that not only is the latter extended from z = 0 to arbitrary right Brouwerian elements but it also has a converse which seems to give the full picture.
Unusual cause of superior vena cava syndrome diagnosed with transesophageal echocardiography

Purpose: An unusual case of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome caused by an infected right atrial-SVC junction thrombus may be diagnosed using transesophageal echocardiography. Clinical features: A 59-yr-old male with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis presented with fungemia and later developed facial and bilateral upper extremity edema. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed subtotal occlusion of the SVC at its junction with the right atrium. The mass was surgically removed with cardiopulmonary bypass support. Pathological examination of the mass confirmed the presence of a large fungal colony of Candida species mixed in the thrombus. The patient’s signs and symptoms of SVC obstruction resolved, and he was discharged from the hospital four weeks later in stable condition. Conclusion: Although usually caused by extrinsic tumour compression, SVC syndrome can result from intravascular caval obstruction. This etiology should also be considered in the differential diagnosis, particularly in patients with intravascular devices. Transesophageal echocardiography is a valuable diagnostic tool in these cases.
Improved Synthesis of Anxiolytic, Anticonvulsant, and Antinociceptive α2/α3-GABA(A)-ergic Receptor Subtype Selective Ligands as Promising Agents to Treat Anxiety, Epilepsy, and Neuropathic Pain

An improved synthesis of the anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and antinociceptive compounds: Hz-166, and its bioisosteres 1,2,4-oxadiazole (MP-III-080) and 1,3-oxazole (KRM-II-81) were synthesized in higher yields and with more facile purification methods (crystallization, etc.) in multigram quantities without column chromatography. In the synthesis of KRM-II-81, an alternative procedure was employed using the selective reducing reagent, potassium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (PDBBA), to prepare the desired C(3)-aldehyde in the absence of N(5)–C(6) imine reduction in good yield on a 20 gram scale.
Ring shape Golden Ratio multicellular structures are algebraically afforded by asymmetric mitosis and one to one cell adhesion

Golden Ratio proportions are found throughout the world of multicellular organisms but the underlying mechanisms behind their appearance and their adaptive value if any remain unknown. The Golden Ratio is a real-valued number but cell population counts are whole numbered. Binet9s formula connects the Golden Ratio to the whole numbered Fibonacci sequence (f n+1 =f n +f n-1 where f 1 =1 and f 2 =2), so we seek a cellular mechanism that yields Fibonacci cell kinetics. Drawing on Fibonacci9s description of growth patterns in rabbits, we develop a matrix model of Fibonacci cell kinetics based on an asymmetric pause between mitoses by daughter cells. We list candidate molecular mechanisms for asymmetric mitosis such as epigenetically asymmetric chromosomal sorting at anaphase due to cytosine-DNA methylation. A collection of Fibonacci-sized cell groups produced each by mitosis needs to assemble into a larger multicellular structure. We find that the mathematics for this assembly are afforded by a simple molecular cell surface configuration where each cell in each group has four cell to cell adhesion slots. Two slots internally cohere a cell group and two adhere to cells in other cell groups. We provide a notation for expressing each cell9s participation in dual Fibonacci recurrence relations between groups. We find that single class of cell to cell adhesion molecules suffices to hold together a large assembly of chained Fibonacci groups having Golden Ratio patterns. Specialized bindings between components of various sizes are not required. Furthermore, the notation describes circumstances where chained Fibonacci-sized cell groups may leave adhesion slots unoccupied unless the chained groups anneal into a ring. This unexpected result suggests a need for further research of a role for Fibonacci cell kinetics in the formation of multicellular ring forms such as hollow and tubular structures.
Item Response Theory Models for Rating Scale Data

The purpose of this entry is to provide a brief description of several IRT models that can be used to analyze rating scale data. Rating scale data are defined as responses scored in two or more ordered categories. Rating scale data represent the most common formats for collecting information from examinees or raters. The basic idea that motivates the use of IRT models for rating scale data is that the scoring of m + 1 ordered categories with ordered integers (0, 1, …, m) using the assumption that there are equal intervals between the categories may not be justified. IRT models provide a framework to explicitly examine this assumption, and parameterize the categories without this assumption. The specific IRT models that are described in this entry are direct models (Partial Credit Model, Generalized Partial Credit, and Rating Scale Model) and indirect models (Graded Response Model and Modified Graded Response Model). Graphical procedures are used to illustrate various aspects of these IRT models. Keywords: IRT ; rating scale data; Partial Credit Model; Generalized Partial Credit model; Rating Scale Model; Graded Response Model; Modified Graded Response Model
Practical Aspects of G.654.E Fibers for Terrestrial Long Haul Transmission

We review G.654.E fibers with low loss and large A eff for terrestrial long haul transmissions in particular emphasis on addressing practical issues on terrestrial cabling, low splice loss, and applicability of Raman amplification.
Publisher Correction: N-terminal syndecan-2 domain selectively enhances 6-O heparan sulfate chains sulfation and promotes VEGFA 165 -dependent neovascularization

The original version of this Article contained errors in Figures 1, 3 and 4. In panels b and d of Figure 1, the labels ‘Sdc4-/-’ were inadvertently replaced by ‘Sdc4+/+‘. In panels c and d of Figure 3, the labels ‘Sdc4-/-’ were replaced by ‘Sdc2-/-’. In panel f of Figure 3, the labels ‘FGF2’ were replaced by ‘VEGFA165’. In panel e of Figure 6, a ‘Sdc2-/-‘ label was inadvertently included. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Bayesian adaptive randomization trial of intravenous ketamine for veterans with late-life, treatment-resistant depression

More than eleven million U.S. Veterans are at least 65 years of age, an age group of which almost 20% suffers from clinically significant depressive symptoms. Available pharmacological treatments are suboptimal for patients, including veterans, with late-life depression. Ketamine has emerged as a potentially promising rapid-acting therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, few studies have examined the safety, tolerability and efficacy of ketamine therapy for older adults with late-life TRD (LL-TRD). This study uses an adaptive randomization design to test the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and durability of three distinct, single sub-anesthetic doses of intravenous (IV) ketamine versus a single dose of active placebo (midazolam) in older depressed veterans. As the study progresses, Bayesian adaptive randomization recalibrates randomization ratios to allocate more participants to conditions demonstrating greater promise and fewer participants to conditions with less promise. Secondary analyses explore clinical and biological moderating and mediating factors of rapid treatment response. Results are expected to inform both the viability of ketamine treatment and optimal dosing strategies for patients with LL-TRD.
Evaluation of Time to Therapeutic Anticoagulation and Associated Outcomes in Critically Ill, Obese Patients With Pulmonary Embolism Receiving Unfractionated Heparin:

Background:Delays in time to therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) have been associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).Objective:To investigate...
Potential Usefulness of Technological Interventions to Improve Community Based Clinicians’ Implementation of Contingency Management with Fidelity for Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders

Two potential barriers that may prevent community based clinicians from implementing Contingency Management (CM) with fidelity for adolescent substance use disorders include: First, fidelity measur...
Maritime cultural encounters and consumerism of turtles and manatees: An environmental history of the Caribbean

By the mid-eighteenth century, a distinctive maritime commerce in turtle and manatee products existed in the Caribbean. It was especially prevalent amongst English-speaking inhabitants, from the Cayman Islands and Jamaica to the outposts of Costa Rica, Nicaragua and the Colombian islands. Consumption patterns led to a variety of encounters between indigenous Indians, Europeans, Africans and Creoles. Commerce in these natural resources, especially turtles, grew steadily, creating prodigious consumer demands for medical uses, culinary and fashion trends in Europe and the North America by the late-nineteenth century. This study intertwines themes of environmental history, maritime cultural encounters, fisheries and food history. Topics such as indigenous hunting techniques, processing, transportation, marketization, utilitarian and luxury consumerism and evolution of social attitudes towards natural resources are addressed. It is based on contemporary sources and covers various aspects of the supply and utilization of these marine animals over the longue duree.
Overland Flow Pretreatment of Poultry Manure

The overland flow pretreatment process for poultry manure resulted in 77%, 69%, 66% and 56% mass reduction of COD, TOC, TKN, and TP, respectively, after 30 m of flow. In comparison, flow length pro...
Current concepts in dairy cattle immunology

Protection from disease-causing organisms is critical to the survival of cattle in all production systems. The immune system is composed of organs, tissues, and cells tasked with providing protection from invading pathogens. The first line of protection of pathogens relies on physical, chemical, and mechanical barriers to invasion. Durable tissues, harsh environmental conditions, and targeted chemical defenses provide continuous protection. When these barriers are breeched, innate immune cells use molecular patterns common to large groups of pathogens to quickly recognize and respond to invaders. Innate immune cells also serve to alert and activate adaptive immune cells through the process of antigen presentation. As an infection progresses, adaptive immune cells (lymphocytes) produce molecules, including cytokines and antibodies, that direct innate immune cells to clear pathogens from the host. The purpose of these proceedings is to discuss each of these defenses to provide an understanding of immune protection in cattle.
Housing supply and local political influence

There is renewed interest in housing policy, but the role of local political factors has been understudied. Local elected officials—particularly city council members elected to represent specific g...
Resolving the organization of CO2 molecules confined in silica nanopores using in situ small-angle neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations

Determining the organization of CO2 molecules confined in nanoporous environments is essential for unlocking our understanding of the fate of CO2 stored in nanoporous materials. In this study, we investigate the organization of pressurized CO2 molecules in silica materials, MCM-41 and SBA-15 with cylindrical pore geometries and pore diameters of 3.3 nm and 6.8 nm, respectively at pressures ranging from vacuum to about 55 bar, using in situ small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The nanoconfined CO2 molecules are organized into core–shell structures with the shell resulting from CO2 adsorption on the silica surfaces. The shell thicknesses of the adsorbed CO2 molecules in MCM-41 pores obtained by SANS measurements are 0.7 ± 0.1 A, 2.1 ± 0.1 A, 2.2 ± 0.1 A, 6.7 ± 0.1 A, 11.5 ± 0.2 A, and 12.6 ± 0.1 A at equilibrated pressures of about 1.0, 14.9, 24.9, 34.7, 45.0 and 54.9 bar, respectively. The shell thicknesses of the adsorbed CO2 molecules in SBA-15 pores are 2.2 ± 0.1, 2.9 ± 0.1, 5.1 ± 0.1, 8.8 ± 0.1, 12.4 ± 0.1, and 20.0 ± 0.1 at pressures of 0.9, 15.4, 24.9, 34.9, 45.0 and 55.5 bar, respectively. Close agreement between the experimental and MD simulations results are obtained. MD simulations also suggest that the adsorption of the CO2 molecules is primarily driven by van der Waals interactions with minor contribution from the electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding with the surface hydroxyl groups. These findings inform the development of novel strategies to advance low carbon energy and resource recovery and to use and store CO2 in natural and engineered materials.
Anion Resonances and Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Tetracenyl Anion

The photoelectron spectroscopy of the tetracenyl anion using slow electron velocity-map imaging (SEVI) of cryogenically cooled ions is presented. The total photodetachment yield as a function of photon energy is used to reveal a rich manifold of anion excited states above the detachment threshold. The lowest energy anionic resonance has a sufficiently long lifetime to yield a vibrationally resolved absorption spectrum that can be directly compared with theoretical predictions. Excitation of this state mostly results in electron detachment via thermionic emission. The total photodetachment yield spectrum is used to select photon wavelengths that minimize the indirect detachment signal to allow acquisition of vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra that can inform on the neutral tetracenyl radical. Assignment of spectral features corresponding to the ground and first excited state of the neutral 12-tetracenyl isomer is made with the aid of Franck-Condon simulations. This yields adiabatic electron affinity and term energies that differ significantly from the previously reported values. Weak features corresponding to the ground state of the minor 2-teracenyl and 1-tetracenyl isomers are also identified, which allows for the experimental determination of their electron affinities for the first time.
Understanding (Dis)Agreement in Student Ratings of Teaching and the Quality of the Learning Environment

Student surveys are increasingly being used to collect information about important aspects of learning environments. Research shows that aggregate indicators from these surveys (e.g., school or classroom averages) are reliable and correlate with important climate indicators and with student outcomes. However, we know less about whether within-classroom or within-school variation in student survey responses may contain additional information about the learning environment beyond that conveyed by average indicators. This question is important in light of mounting evidence that the educational experiences of different students and student groups can vary, even within the same school or classroom, in terms of opportunities for participation, teacher expectations, or the quantity and quality of teacher–student interactions, among others. In this chapter, we offer an overview of literature from different fields examining consensus for constructing average indicators, and consider it alongside the key assumptions and consequences of measurement models and analytic methods commonly used to summarize student survey reports of instruction and learning environments. We also consider recent empirical evidence that variation in student survey responses within classrooms can reflect systematically different experiences related to features of the school or classroom, instructional practices, student background, or a combination of these, and that these differences can predict variation in important academic and social-emotional outcomes. In the final section, we discuss the implications for evaluation, policy, equity, and instructional improvement.
Predictors of malignancy in incidental adnexal lesions identified on CT in patients with prior non-ovarian cancer

To identify imaging features in incidental adnexal lesions which are associated with malignancy on portal venous phase contrast-enhanced CT in patients with known non-ovarian cancer. This IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study was performed at a tertiary cancer center. Portal venous phase contrast-enhanced CT from January 2010 to December 2015 was reviewed to identify women with non-ovarian malignancy and incidental adnexal lesion, with mean 18 months (range 1–80 months) to definitive diagnosis or last imaging follow-up. Imaging features of adnexal lesions were recorded (size, laterality, shape, attenuation, and composition) and correlated with outcome (benign or malignant) using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A point-based system was used to predict likelihood of malignancy. Of 276 women (mean age 45 years), 216 (78.3%) had benign lesions, 58 (21.0%) ovarian metastasis, and 2 (0.7%) had primary ovarian malignancy. On logistic regression model, lesion size > 5 cm (p-value, OR, 95% CI 0.01, 9.11, 1.70–48.87), bilaterality (< 0.0001, 28.34, 7.46–107.67), irregular shape (0.01, 12.31, 1.61–94.05), higher-than-simple-fluid attenuation (< 0.0001, 28.27, 5.65–141.59), and heterogeneous composition (0.0017, 10.75, 2.45–47.23) were associated with malignant outcome (AUC 0.97). A point-based system incorporating these five features (possible 0–5 points) had AUC of 0.97. Rate of malignancy was 0% (0/147) if none of the features of malignancy were present, 12.7% (8/63) if one feature was present, 51.7% (15/29) if two features were present, and 100% (37/37) if three or more features present. Risk of malignancy of incidental adnexal lesions in women with prior non-ovarian cancer can be estimated based on lesion features seen on portal venous phase contrast-enhanced CT.
Adam Wagstaff: Celebrating a Full and Impactful Life.

Dr. Adam Wagstaff joined the World Bank in 1999 as a Lead Economist in the Bank’s principal research department, the Development Research Group. From 2009 until his passing on May 10, 2020, he led ...
Reconciling Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial with Eighth Joint National Commission: a nuanced view of optimal hypertension control in the chronic kidney disease population.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Universally lowering blood pressure (BP) may adversely affect some populations especially in the older population. Recent landmark trials revealed cardiovascular benefits of tight controlling systolic BP (SBP) more than several recent BP targets. Implementing the evidence from the studies and guidelines in some populations is reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS Eighth Joint National Commission (JNC-8) on hypertension issued conservative guidelines that provided an evolutionary change to BPcontrol in the elderly. However, intensive BP control with SBP < 120 mmHg in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) focuses on the improvement of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. Although increasingly guidelines are trending toward the SPRINT results, it is noteworthy that not all populations show a favorable outcome with intensive BP control given hypotensive risks to memory, kidney function, orthostasis, and morbidity risks. SUMMARY Some populations may benefit from implementing the more intensive SBP target, whereas others such as elderly hypertensive patients may benefit from a more liberal SBP target. In the spirit of 'Primum non Nocere', we call for and suggest that a marriage of both SPRINT and JNC-8 recommendations be undertaken to champion the most cardiovascular protections for the greatest number of patients possible whereas preventing complications in vulnerable populations such as the elderly. Among the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, SBP < 120 mmHg may not necessarily lead to favorable CKD outcomes.
Observations of Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud with the Einstein Observatory

As the nearest extragalactic system, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is destined to play a major role in understanding the X-ray emission from all normal galaxies including our own. Classed as a prototype Sb(s)m galaxy by de Vaucouleurs and Freeman (1972), the LMC comprises several well-defined regions: (a) a featureless, hydrogen deficient, optical bar, (b) hydrogen rich, young spiral arms, and (c) a diffuse, hydrogen poor halo containing numerous star clusters (Bok 1966). The mass of the LMC is estimated to be ∿1010 M ⊙ of which from 5 to 9% is thought to be neutral hydrogen (McGee and Milton 1966). Medium energy X-ray (2–10 keV) emission was first reported by Mark et al. (1969). Above 2 keV, the X-ray luminosity of the LMC is dominated by emission from 3 to 5 point sources similar to the bright sources found near our own galactic center (Markert and Clark 1975; Leong et al. 1971). Observation of fainter sources has been hampered by source confusion and detector sensitivity limitations.
Individual and Marital Consequences of Victimization: Moderating Effects of Relationship Efficacy and Spouse Support

Marital dissatisfaction and depression are common characteristics of abused women. In this investigation, we attempted to identify variables that might buffer women's marital satisfaction and stability, and their psychological adjustment against the effects of verbal and physical abuse. Verbal and physical victimization had significant negative direct effects on women's marital satisfaction: victimized women were characterized by less satisfaction and less stability regardless of their sense of relationship efficacy or their perceptions of spousal support. However, the effects of victimization on women's depression were moderated by relationship efficacy, perceived intimacy, and acceptance of emotional expression provided by the spouse: nonvictimized women who perceived more support and felt more efficacious, relative to those who felt less support and less efficacy, experienced fewer depressive symptoms, while victimized women who perceived more support and felt more efficacious in their relationships, relative to those characterized by less support and less efficacy, experienced more depressive symptoms. In the context of marital violence, increasing levels of relationship efficacy and perceptions of spouse support may be accompanied by an increase in the risk for depressive reactions.
Who's Your Daddy?

The male-only nest care system of some birds may have its evolutionary origins in theropod dinosaur behavior.
Mitotic Membrane Turnover Coordinates Differential Induction of the Heart Progenitor Lineage

In response to microenvironmental cues, embryonic cells form adhesive signaling compartments that influence survival and patterning. Dividing cells detach from the surrounding matrix and initiate extensive membrane remodeling, but the in vivo impact of mitosis on adhesion-dependent signaling remains poorly characterized. We investigate in vivo signaling dynamics using the invertebrate chordate, Ciona intestinalis. In Ciona, matrix adhesion polarizes fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-dependent heart progenitor induction. Here, we show that adhesion inhibits mitotic FGF receptor internalization, leading to receptor enrichment along adherent membranes. Targeted disruption of matrix adhesion promotes uniform FGF receptor internalization and degradation while enhanced adhesion suppresses degradation. Chimeric analysis indicates that integrin β chain-specific impacts on induction are dictated by distinct internalization motifs. We also found that matrix adhesion impacts receptor enrichment through Caveolin-rich membrane domains. These results redefine the relationship between cell division and adhesive signaling, revealing how mitotic membrane turnover orchestrates adhesion-dependent signal polarization.
The MobileMaker: an experiment with a Mobile Makerspace

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the design, implementation, and pilot of a Mobile Makerspace at a private, southeastern liberal arts institution that did not have a campus-wide makerspace. In an effort to give students in a residential hall access to maker tools and technologies and also meet the needs of a campus-wide writing initiative, a team of administrators and staff worked to build and design programing for the “MobileMaker,” a pop-up Mobile Makerspace. Design/methodology/approach – The authors explain how the equipment was chosen based on a variety of user skill levels. The technical specifications of the MobileMaker are also detailed, which includes 3D printing and crafting tools, and a variety of electronics. In addition, they explain how a mobile cart was modified to house and secure the equipment so it could be stored in an unsecured area. The team experienced several challenges with the MobileMaker project, including the overall durability of the mobile cart and the lack of ...