cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol oils on blood clearance, tissue uptake, and hepatic apolipoprotein B secretion in mice

Prior studies have suggested that FAs liberated in the small intestine from ingested 1,3-diacylglycerol (DAG) are inefficiently incorporated into triglyceride (TG) in enterocytes, with less chylomicron TG entering the circulation postprandially. We found less TG, but more monacylglyerol and DAG, with similar total acylglycerol in newly secreted chylomicrons after oral DAG or triacylglycerol (TAG). However, clearance of DAG-chylomicrons was more rapid than that of TAG-chylomicrons; this was associated with more efficient in vitro LPL-mediated lipolysis of DAG-derived chylomicrons. Intravenously infused DAG was also cleared faster than TAG in normal mice, via both LPL-mediated lipolysis and apolipoprotein E (apoE)-dependent hepatic uptake. Infusions of TAG, but not DAG, increased plasma TG levels. Greater delivery of DAG-derived FA to the liver during infusion of DAG led to greater TG secretion versus TAG; this allowed the maintenance of similar hepatic TG levels after DAG and TAG infusions. Of note, apoB secretion was similar after DAG versus TAG, indicating the assembly of larger very low density lipoproteins after DAG. In conclusion, reduced plasma TG levels, after oral or intravenous DAG, result from more efficient clearance of DAG by both LPL lipolysis and apoE-mediated hepatic endocytosis. DAG emulsions may by useful for intravenous nutrition in people with preexisting hypertriglyceridemia.
The nutritive value of cooked camas as consumed by Flathead Indians

(1972). The nutritive value of cooked camas as consumed by Flathead Indians. Ecology of Food and Nutrition: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 193-195.
Broken chiral symmetries and light composite fermions

Abstract We elaborate on a mechanism for obtaining naturally light composite fermions in a strongly interacting gauge theory. A simple toy model is used to illustrate the basic ideas.
An Introduction to Peer-to-Peer Loans as Investments

The paper constitutes a discussion of the rise of Peer to Peer loans as alternative investments. Peer to Peer loans are being incorporated into portfolios in the interest of diversification. This paper outlines the strategy and provides a guided tour to this new alternative asset class, along with the current risk and barriers.
Factors related to the decision of men and women to continue taking science courses in college

The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of the transition between a student's initial collegiate science experience and the decision to continue in science, and whether the reasons students give to explain their success or failure in their first course are related to that decision. Attribution theory provided the framework for investigating these factors. The results showed that for unsuccessful students, the plan to continue in science was unrelated to gender, mathematical aptitude, performance in the first science course, or attributions to luck, effort, ability, or task difficulty. For successful students, the plan to continue in science was directly related to attributions to ability, and inversely related to task difficulty. The results demonstrate the importance of a sense of competence for students who continue in science.
What is bioethics without Christianity

The author uses the essays in this issue as a springboard for making three points. First, he argues that most, if not all, current institutional versions of Christianity have failed to provide a meaningful framework for the spiritual life. Second, he argues that there is no ethics other than Judeo-Christian ethics and that there can be no bioethics other than Judeo-Christian bioethics. Finally, he argues that the overriding issue we face is not whether to address bioethical issues from a Christian perspective or from a non-Christian perspective, but rather whether we shall address biological and medical issues from an ethical or a scientific-technological perspective.
The More Things Change...Single Parenting Revisited

Weinraub and Wolf investigated maternal and preschool child functioning in households headed by solo mothers. Solo mothers—nonadolescent women raising children from birth without a male partner—differed from demographically matched, married counterparts with regard to stress and social supports, yet no differences in child outcomes were observed. Twenty-eight families (70%) from that original sample were reassessed as children entered preadolescence. Child measures included maternal and teacher report of behavior problems, social competence, and academic performance. Maternal measures included parenting, social supports, and stress. According to teachers, preadolescent children of solo mothers had more behavior problems, lower social competence, and poorer school performance than children of married mothers. Solo mothers continued to be less satisfied with emotional supports and reported higher stress. Maternal stress moderated family status effects on child outcome. Longitudinal analyses revealed stabili...
An embedded 32-b microprocessor core for low-power and high-performance applications

An embedded RISC microprocessor core fabricated in a six-layer metal 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process implementing the ARM/sup TM/ V.5TE instruction set is described. The core described is the first implementation of the Intel XScale Microarchitecture/sup TM/. The microprocessor core, which includes caches, memory management units, and a bus controller, comprises a hard-embedded block 16.77 mm/sup 2/ in size. The implementation is primarily custom logic in a variety of circuit styles. The processor dissipates 450 mW at 1.3 V, 600 MHz, and scales between 55 mW at 0.7 V, 200 MHz, and 900 mW at 1.65 V 800 MHz. Architectural performance is 1000 MIPS at 800 MHz with efficiency ranging from over 850 MIPS/W at 1.65 V to over 4500 MIPS/W at 0.75 V. Architectural and circuit design approaches for low power and high performance are described and measured results from the initial implementation are shown. The first implementation VLSI chip has a 3.3-V pin interface and supports a 0.75-1.65-V core voltage range.
Results of a Randomized, Multicenter Trial of Meropenem Versus Clindamycin/Tobramycin for the Treatment of Intra-Abdominal Infections

In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial conducted at 13 medical centers, meropenem (1,000 mg given iv every 8 hours) was compared with the combination of clindamycin (900 mg every 8 hours) plus tobramycin (5 mg/[kg.d] in three divided doses) given iv for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections that required surgery and parenteral antibiotic therapy. At the end of treatment, efficacy data on patients who met study inclusion criteria (intent-to-treat) were available for 132 of 215 patients in the meropenem group and 134 of 212 patients in the clindamycin/tobramycin group; 120 (91%) of 132 intent-to-treat patients in the meropenem group were cured, 115 (86%) of 134 intent-to-treat patients in the clindamycin/tobramycin group were cured (P value, not significant). Of the patients treated with meropenem and considered evaluable according to the study protocol, 89 (92%) of 97 were cured, and 81 (86%) of 94 patients treated with clindamycin/tobramycin and considered evaluable were cured. Bacteriologic response rates for all evaluable patients (n = 191) were 96% (93 of 97 patients) among those randomized to the meropenem arm and 93% (87 of 94) among those randomized to the clindamycin/tobramycin arm. Adverse events occurred with similar frequency in both treatment groups; neither seizures nor deaths related to treatment were reported for any patients in either group. The results of this trial demonstrated that meropenem, together with appropriate surgical intervention, was safe and effective in the treatment of patients who had bacterial intra-abdominal infections, most of which were secondary to complicated appendicitis.
Continuing Robot Skill Learning after Demonstration with Human Feedback

Though demonstration-based approaches have been successfully applied to learning a variety of robot behaviors, there do exist some limitations. The ability to continue learning after demonstration, based on execution experience with the learned policy, therefore has proven to be an asset to many demonstration-based learning systems. This paper discusses important considerations for interfaces that provide feedback to adapt and improve demonstrated behaviors. Feedback interfaces developed for two robots with very different motion capabilities - a wheeled mobile robot and high degree-of-freedom humanoid - are highlighted.
The effect of variations in method of elicitation on maximum sustained phoneme duration

Summary This investigation evaluated the effect of method of elicitation onthe maximum sustained durations of /s/, /z/, and /a/ in eighty female subjects. The effect of order of elicitation on the maximum sustained durations of /s/ and /z/, and the effects of method and order of elicitation on the s/z ratio, were analyzed as well. Comparisons of three methods of measuring maximum phoneme duration (MPD) were performed. This study found method of elicitation of MPD to have an effect on the maximum sustained durations of /s/, /z/, and /a/ but not on the s/z ratio. The three methods of measuring MPD were found to correlate highly with one another. Results of this study point to the need for standardized procedures for elicitation of MPD.
Fatigue of the hip abductors results in increased medial-lateral center of pressure excursion and altered peroneus longus activation during a unipedal landing task.

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported that diminished hip abductor muscle strength is associated with a loss of frontal plane postural stability and increased risk for ankle sprain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hip abductor fatigue results in compensatory changes in neuromuscular activation of the peroneus longus (an important lateral stabilizer of the ankle) during a unipedal landing task. Methods Thirty healthy females performed a unipedal landing task before and after completing a hip abductor fatigue protocol. Paired t-tests were used to assess changes in medial–lateral center of pressure displacement, and EMG (electromyographic) amplitude of the peroneus longus following hip abductor fatigue. Changes in peroneus longus onset timing also were assessed. Findings Following the hip abductor fatigue protocol, participants exhibited increased mean center of pressure displacement (7.7 (1.5) vs. 9.2 (2.0) cm, P Interpretation The increased EMG amplitude and earlier onset of the peroneus longus appears to be a protective compensatory adaptation to stabilize the ankle in response to frontal plane postural instability induced by hip abductor fatigue.
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measured by the Gamma Camera After Direct Injection of 133Xe into the Distal Stump of the Occluded Middle Cerebral Artery

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured after intracarotid injection of 133Xe concurrently with measurements of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) after injection of 133Xe directly into the distal stump of the occluded middle cerebral artery (MCA) by the use of the gamma camera after producing experimental ischemia in baboons by occluding the MCA. Regional MCA stump pressure (rMCAP) was also measured. Regions of ischemia assessed by intracarotid injection of 133Xe correlated well with the territory of infarct defined by injection of 133Xe into the distal MCA stump. Flow values in ischemic regions obtained by direct injection of 133Xe into the MCA were 15% to 20% lower than those obtained by intracarotid injection of 133Xe. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed. During induced hypertension autoregulation in ischemic areas was abolished and paradoxical responses of LCBF and rMCAP to changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pacoco2) were confirmed.
Exploring Symmetric Cryptography for Secure Network Reprogramming

Recent secure code-update protocols for sensor networks have been based on asymmetric-cryptographic primitives such as digital signatures. Our approach, Castor, explores the feasibility of securing an existing code-update protocol, Deluge, using symmetric-cryptographic mechanisms that are more suited to the resource constraints of sensor nodes. Castor involves a synergistic combination of a oneway hash-chain, a one-way key-chain, and a sequence of message authentication codes (MACs) with delayed key- disclosure to enable sensor nodes to verify the update's authenticity. We guarantee that no correct node will ever install or forward a compromised part of an update, while addressing the performance issues related to delayed key- disclosure.
Microstructural evolution of a silicon oxide phase in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer by an in situ sol-gel reaction

Nanocomposites were produced via sol–gel reactions for tetraethylorthosilicate within the cluster morphology of perfluorosulfonic acid films. Small-angle x-ray scattering revealed that the polar/nonpolar nanophase-separated morphological template persists despite invasion by the silicon oxide phase. Scanning electron microscopy (ESEM–EDAX) studies have indicated that the greatest silicon oxide concentration occurs near the surface and decreases to a minimum in the middle. Optical and ESEM micrographs revealed a brittle, surface-attached silica layer at high silicon oxide contents. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Competitor See, Competitor Do: Incumbent Entry in New Market Niches

The ability to keep up with changing technology is critical for a company's long-term survival. However, companies have to balance the risk of rushing into new areas and potentially cannibalizing their existing business against the risk of missing the emerging market. This paper investigates when incumbents enter into new market niches created by technological innovation. We argue that market conditions and company-specific characteristics do not suffice to explain incumbents' entry timing, but that entry is a contagious process. Our results demonstrate that incumbents are more likely to respond to innovations in their industry when their counterparts do so. In particular, we show that incumbents are affected by the entry of firms that are similar in size and resources. When a highly similar company enters the new market, it raises the probability that the company enters itself beyond levels based solely on the attractiveness of the market.
Use of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate as a mitogen in the cytogenetic analysis of tumors with low mitotic indexes

Solid tumors, particularly those involving the colon, breast, and lung, are the most common tumors in humans. However, many technical difficulties exist in obtaining analyzable chromosomes from these tumors, including the inability to stimulate cell division. Phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) is a tumor promoter that activates a variety of cellular responses, including proliferation. Using flow cytometry, we have demonstrated that PDBu acts as a mitogen in primary cultures of colon tumor cells. Based on these results, we developed a short-term culture technique that greatly improves the yield of analyzable metaphases from colon tumors. Stimulated cultures consistently contained at least ten times more metaphases than unstimulated cultures, and chromosome morphology was improved. By modifying this technique with the addition of the calcium ionophore A23187, we have successfully obtained analyzable chromosomes from the peripheral blood of normal individuals, chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, and a nodular small cell lymphoma patient. These results demonstrate that mitogenic stimulation by PDBu is a valuable technique in the cytogenetic analysis of colon tumors. By using PDBu alone or in combination with other agents, this technique may also be applicable to many other tumors that are difficult to karyotype because of an inability to obtain mitoses.
Approximate counts and quantiles over sliding windows

We consider the problem of maintaining e-approximate counts and quantiles over a stream sliding window using limited space. We consider two types of sliding windows depending on whether the number of elements N in the window is fixed (fixed-size sliding window) or variable (variable-size sliding window). In a fixed-size sliding window, both the ends of the window slide synchronously over the stream. In a variable-size sliding window, an adversary slides the window ends independently, and therefore has the ability to vary the number of elements N in the window.We present various deterministic and randomized algorithms for approximate counts and quantiles. All of our algorithms require O(1/e polylog(1/e, N)) space. For quantiles, this space requirement is an improvement over the previous best bound of O(1/e2 polylog(1/e, N)). We believe that no previous work on space-efficient approximate counts over sliding windows exists.
Applicability of Cullinan's equation for liquid binary diffusivities

The purpose of this note is to examine the validity of the equations developed by Cullinan for calculating mutual diffusion coefficients in binary liquid solutions
Valence is a basic building block of emotional life

Abstract The goal of psychology is to discover the scientifically viable constructs or categories that will characterize what is variant and invariant in the working of the human mind. In this paper, I outline the idea for one such construct—valenced core affect. I first introduce the idea that valence is a basic, invariant building block of emotional life that derives from the human mind’s capacity to engage in the process of valuation (or judging whether something is helpful or harmful). I then review evidence to show that valence is a variant property of emotional responding, in that people differ from one another in the degree to which they focus on valence. Finally, I discuss the possibility that valence focus is not a property of the person that can be meaningfully separated from the psychological situation.
Dancing in the Land Where Children are the Light

Rita Myers continues her exploration of mystery and spirituality in this elaborate multi-media, multi-monitor installation. Like an initiate or a space traveler, you enter through a red-lit vestibule with lights placed along the base boards. A voice intones relaxation/concentration instructions. You enter a darkened room that has been transformed into a garden-like landscape. Curving metal plates, serving as heraldic stanchions or trees sprout from black pulverized glass heaped into hillocks. Pathways wind through the material, expanding and complicating the space like a Japanese garden. Here, three unsynchronized half hour tapes are shown on three monitors which are placed so you can only see one at a time.
A Class III Antiarrhythmic Agent

Scenario: A 72-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with complaints of dizziness. She is currently under the care of a cardiologist for ventricular arrhythmias and admits that she is “a bit confused about her daily dose” of amiodarone. Bedside monitoring is initiated, and the ECG technician is on his way to obtain a 12-lead ECG. ECG PUZZLER A regular feature of the American Journal of Critical Care, the ECG Puzzler addresses ECG interpretation for clinical practice. We welcome letters to the Editors regarding this feature.
Cycasin Excretion in Conventional and Germfree Rats

SummaryUrinary and fecal excretion of the naturally occurring toxic and carcinogenic glycoside, cycasin, β-D-glycosyloxyazoxymethane, was determined in germfree and conventional Sprague-Dawley male rats. Excretion in germfree rats was nearly quantitative while only 18 to 35% was recovered in conventional rats. Since cycasin is inert until acted upon by a β-glucosidase, the lack of enzymatic cleavage in germfree rats suggests the bacterial flora as the most likely source for the enzyme in conventional rats. Considerable variation was encountered in the amount of cycasin which was not recovered and was presumably metabolized in conventional rats. The possible significance of this variability is discussed in relation to toxicity and carcinogenicity.
Serum precipitation reaction in rheumatic fever and in other conditions.

Summary1. When the serum of a patient in the early acute stage of rheumatic fever was mixed and incubated with a convalescent serum taken at an appropriate time from himself or another rheumatic patient, a precipitate formed. 2. The “phase substances” causing this reaction were present, but less frequently, in atypical pneumonia, nasopharyngitis, several other diseases, and rarely, in apparently normal blood donors. 3. Because cross-reactions occurred between serums from patients with different diseases, it is difficult to ascribe any etiological significance to the findings. 4. This reaction may be responsible for the occasional unfavorable response to blood or plasma transfusion of patients with rheumatic fever. 5. It is not clear whether this phenomenon is a manifestation of serum lability or of the formation of an auto-antigen-antibody system.
First power demonstration of InP/GaAsSb/InP double HBTs

The microwave power performance of InP/GaAsSb/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) was evaluated and is reported for the first time. Fabricated DHBTs showed DC gain of 15-35, small turn-on voltages of 0.44 V at 1 kA/cm/sup 2/ , almost zero offset voltage, and emitter-collector breakdown voltage BV/sub CEO/ /spl ges/ 6 V. Devices with 3/spl times/5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ emitters showed maximum f/sub T/ of 75 GHz and maximum f/sub max/ of 34 GHz when biased at J/sub C/ =1.7/spl times/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ and V/sub CE/ =2.0 V. Devices with 5/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ emitters demonstrated power gain of 10 dB with 1 dB-compressed output power of 18 dBm at 5 GHz. High power density of 1.6 mW//spl mu/m/sup 2/ and associated efficiency of 33% were obtained using these devices.
Simulation and Experimental Research on Airflow Movement Characteristics of Grinding Zone

Based on the research of airflowmovement characteristics in the grinding zone,FLUENT was used to build the finite element model to simulate and calculate pressure distribution and velocity distribution on different working conditions. Combined with the grinding experiment,influence factors of airflowmovement on the integrity of the work piece surface were studied and the simulation results were verified. The results indicated that airflowmovement in the grinding zone impedes the grinding fluid into the grinding zone. When the injection position of grinding fluid was close to the area with the same direction of wheel rotation linear velocity and airflowvelocity,the surface quality of the work piece improved,the utilization rate of grinding fluid and the green degree of grinding raised.
Research Progress of the Detection Technology of Soy Sauce Adulteration

Adulteration is one of the most important limiting factors,which restricts the healthy and rapid development of soy sauce industry.Authenticity is very important in soy sauce quality and safety control.In the present study,the food safety problems caused by soy sauce adulteration are analyzed,and the latest progress on the detecting methods at home and abroad is introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed.The suggestion of reinforcing biological detection is indicated in this paper,which provides principle guidance for the further research in safety detection of soy sauce.
Dihydropteroate Synthetase from Plasmodium berghei: Isolation, Properties, and Inhibition by Dapsone and Sulfadiazine

Dihydropteroate synthetase, which catalyzes the condensation of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphate and p-aminobenzoic acid to form dihydropteroic acid, has been isolated from cells of the rodent malarial organism Plasmodium berghei; some of its properties are described. The optimum pH for enzyme activity was found to be 8.5. The apparent Michaelis constants for p-aminobenzoic acid and the hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphate were found to be 2.8 µM and 1.4 µM, respectively. Both 4,49-diaminodiphenylsulfone (I50 = 89 µM) and sulfadiazine (I50 = 180 µM) were effective inhibitors of enzyme activity. The inhibition of the enzyme by these drugs correlated with their activity in vivo against P. berghei infections.
WHONET: Software for Surveillance of Infecting Microbes and Their Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents

WHONET is a free informatics tool developed and supported by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Boston for surveillance of bacterial infections and their resistance to antimicrobial agents. Since its inception in the 1960s as a set of mainframe-based routines, through the latest Web incarnation, WHONET has had two major objectives. The first is to analyze the reports of microbiology laboratories to delineate the specific problems with infections seen in health centers and the communities they serve. The aim is to provide infection control, antimicrobial stewardship committees, and public health professionals with the data they need to develop appropriate interventions to stem the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
The Development Process of a New Web-Based Resource to Support Scholars in Educational Technology

This paper describes an effort to develop and implement a project, which will offer a website containing 20+ criteria of journal data, which will be searchable and allow the end user to generate a downloadable list of relevant journals. The process and model used in this project was adapted from authors who provided a hardcopy list of relevant journals in the criminology and criminal justice interdisciplinary fields. This project is sub-divided into three phases. Phase one and two, which involved generating an initial list of relevant journals and mailing out surveys to journal editors to verify needed criteria data for their journals, respectively, have been completed. The final phase, which is the design, development and implementation of the website hosting the journal data, is expected to be completed in the fall of 2007.
XXI. On a new method of arranging numerical tables

(1861). XXI. On a new method of arranging numerical tables. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 21, No. 138, pp. 137-139.
An Integrative Review of Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Tools

Abstract Problem Patient fall prevention begins with accurate risk assessment. However, sustained improvements in prevention and quality of care include use of validated fall risk assessment tools (FRATs). The goal of FRATs is to identify patients at highest risk. Adult FRATs are often borrowed from to create tools for pediatric patients. Though factors associated with pediatric falls in the hospital setting are similar to those in adults, such as mobility, medication use, and cognitive impairment, adult FRATs and the factors associated with them do not adequately assess risk in children. Eligibility Criteria Articles were limited to English language, ages 0–21 years, and publish date 2006–2015. Sample The search yielded 22 articles. Ten were excluded as the population was primarily adult or lacked discussion of a FRAT. Critical appraisal and findings were synthesized using the Johns Hopkins Nursing evidence appraisal system. Results Twelve articles relevant to fall prevention in the pediatric hospital setting that discussed fall risk assessment and use of a FRAT were reviewed. Comparison between and accuracy of FRATs is challenged when different classifications, definitions, risk stratification, and inclusion criteria are used. Conclusions Though there are several pediatric FRATs published in the literature, none have been found to be reliable and valid across institutions and diverse populations. Implications This integrative review highlights the importance of choosing a FRAT based on an institution's identified risk factors and validating the tool for one's own patient population as well as using the tool in conjunction with nursing clinical judgment to guide interventions.
Separation of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics Using Polymer Removable Method

ConspectusElectronics that are soft, conformal, and stretchable are highly desirable for wearable electronics, prosthetics, and robotics. Among the various available electronic materials, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their network have exhibited high mechanical flexibility and stretchability, along with comparable electrical performance to traditional rigid materials, e.g. polysilicon and metal oxides. Unfortunately, SWNTs produced en masse contain a mixture of semiconducting (s-) and metallic (m-) SWNTs, rendering them unsuitable for electronic applications. Moreover, the poor solubility of SWNTs requires the introduction of insulating surfactants to properly disperse them into individual tubes for device fabrication.Compared to other SWNT dispersion and separation methods, e.g., DNA wrapping, density gradient ultracentrifugation, and gel chromatography, polymer wrapping can selectively disperse s-SWNTs with high selectivity (>99.7%), high concentration (>0.1 mg/mL), and high yield (>20%). ...
Robust stability bounds for multi-delay networked control systems

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the robust stability of a perturbed linear continuous-time system is examined when controlled using a sampled-data networked control system (NCS) framework. Three new robust stability bounds on the time-invariant perturbations to the original continuous-time plant matrix are presented guaranteeing stability for the corresponding discrete closed-loop augmented delay-free system (ADFS) with multiple time-varying sensor and actuator delays. The bounds are differentiated from previous work by accounting for the sampled-data nature of the NCS and for separate communication delays for each sensor and actuator, not a single delay. Therefore, this paper expands the knowledge base in multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO) sampled-data time delay systems. Bounds are presented for unstructured, semi-structured, and structured perturbations.
CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLECULARLY CLONED SPLEEN FOCUS-FORMING VIRUS DNA

ABSTRACT Unintegrated supercoiled spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) DNA was extracted from rat cells newly infected with a woolly monkey virus pseudotype of the Lilly-Steeves strain of SFFV. The DNA was linearized by digestion at the unique HindIII endonuclease site, inserted into the plasmid pBR322, and cloned in an approved EK2 host. Six independent clones containing SFFV DNA inserts were isolated and analyzed by restriction endonuclease digestion. One clone had an insert of 5.7 kbp and also contained the same restriction enzyme sites as the in vivo linear DNA except that it lacked a copy of the terminally redundant sequences. Recombinant DNA isolated from this clone was transfected into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and rescued either by co-transfection of cloned Friend murine leukemia helper virus (F-MuLV) DNA or by superinfection with a non-erythroblastosis-inducing variant of F-MuLV. Inoculation of adult NIH Swiss mice with the virus produced from these transfections induced an erythroleukemia, characterized by splenomegaly, polycythemia and splenic foci, which was identical to that induced by the original F-MuLV pseudotype of SFFV. Also, the SFFV specific gp52 protein was synthesized in the transfected fibroblasts.
Revisiting Police–Adult Probation Partnerships in Texas: Troubling Signs:

It has been almost 10 years since the Correctional Management Institute of Texas surveyed police chiefs in Texas in 2007, concluding that the overwhelming majority of police–probation partnerships in Texas were informal rather than formal. This study revisits police–adult probation partnerships in Texas using new state-wide data collected from both police and adult probation chiefs in 2016. This study found some troubling signs in the nature and extent of partnerships: The majority of police agencies in 2016 had no partnerships at all, but approximately 75 of probation agencies did, albeit mostly informal ones. Although both police and adult probation chiefs appeared to be open to future formal partnerships, they were only interested if initiated by another agency. The findings of this study highlight the importance of formalizing and institutionalizing partnerships for sustainability over the long term. The roles of regional professional organizations will be critical to expand partnerships.
Influence of Repair on the Specificity of Ultraviolet-Induced Reversion of an Ochre Allele of the Structural Gene for Iso-1- cytochrome c

The specific action of UV on the reversion of the ochre allele cyc1-9, in which 21 out of 23 revertants have been shown to arise from A•T-to-G•C transitions at position one in the UAA codon, was found to depend on the function of the RAD6 gene, since cyc1-9 reversion occurred by a variety of single-base-pair substitutions in a strain carrying the rad6-1 allele.
Techniques of genital examination and bladder catheterization in female children.

Simplistically, the examination of the genitalia of the female child is uncomplicated, as is vesical catheterization, and should be. However, without attention to gentleness, understanding, and a well-thoughtout uncomplicated plan of action, the examination and manipulation can be an ordeal for the child, the parent, and the examiner. Adherence to the techniques of examination and instrumentation as described should obviate trauma to the child, both psychologically and physically, and greatly improve the diagnostic value of the procedures.
A view of Iceland

Iceland has abundant resources in the form of water power and geothermal energy, but development of these sources will be costly and often dangerous. Numerous waterfalls and hydroelectric facilities provide nearly all of the country's electric power, while the geothermally active mid-Atlantic rift crosses Iceland and provides heat for buildings. There is a threat of frequent volcanic eruptions and seismic activity, however, and the present energy supplies have been felt to be adequate to meet the modest domestic demand. If the Icelandic people elect a large-scale energy development for export purposes, the author projects decades of problems and frustrations.
The Role of Cytochrome P450IIE1 in Bioactivation of Acetaminophen in Diabetic and Acetone-Treated Mice

Of a number of purified rabbit hepatic isozymes of P450, two isozymes exhibit appreciable activity in the bioactivation of acetaminophen (AP), isozymes P450IIE1 and P450IA2 (originally known as 3a and 4, respectively) [Morgan et al., 1983]. Using monoclonal antibodies to these isozymes Raucy and coworkers have determined the relative importance of these isozymes in human hepatic microsomal AP bioactivation. They found that P450IIE1 and P450IA2 were approximately equally responsible for AP bioactivation when human hepatic microsomes were incubated with 10 mM AP [Raucy et al., 1989]. In this study we have attempted to relate the role of P450IIE1 in AP bioactivation in murine hepatic microsomes to AP hepatotoxicity in the whole mouse. We have evaluated microsomal bioactivation in the presence and absence of an inhibitor of P450IIE1, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and compared the effect of induction of P450IIE1 on hepatic microsomal AP bioactivation and on AP toxicity in the whole mouse.
Finite element in adhesion analyses

Finite element computer programs have been used successfully for stress analysis of bodies with complex geometries and loads, and the use of these programs in cohesive fracture mechanics analysis is now widely accepted. Similar numerical procedures have been developed for use in adhesive fracture mechanics, but rather strong stress oscillations near the point of debonding have been shown to occur both analytically and numerically. This paper discusses the effect of these oscillations upon the calculation of the stress and strain energy, and demonstrates that in this potentially difficult problem, finite element codes can be used with sufficient precision for fracture analysis.
The Neonatal Piglet as a Model to Study Insulin Like Growth Factor Mediated Intestinal Growth and Function

Colostrum and milk contain a variety of hormones and peptides which are known to stimulate cellular growth and differentiation both in vivo and in vitro.1,2 The marked enhancement of porcine neonatal intestinal growth and development upon ingestion of milk or colostrum3,4 has led to the speculation that milkborne hormones and growth factors may be at least partially responsible for this effect.1,2 Widdowson et al.3 observed a 61% increase in intestinal mass in piglets which had suckled colostrum for 24 hr compared to piglets fed water. Although a portion of the intestinal mass increase can be attributed to macromolecular absorption of colostral immunoglobulin (IgG),4 increases in intestinal length and DNA content suggested cellular proliferation also was occurring.3 Recently, these early observations were validated and extended upon in a series of studies by Burrin et al.4–6 Piglets fed colostrum or milk for 6 hr postpartum showed a 300% increase in jejunal protein synthesis rate compared to water fed controls. A potential role for nonnutritive components in colostrum was demonstrated in a subsequent study in which piglets were fed either colostrum or a milk replacer with comparable macronutrient composition.5 In that study, skeletal muscle and jejunal protein synthesis rates were higher in piglets fed colostrum, indicating that colostral components themselves, or endogenous factors which are released in response to colostrum intake, may mediate growth not only of the intestine but of tissues outside the gastrointestinal tract as well. The rapid small intestinal growth observed by Widdowson et al.3 was associated with functional development in that total small intestinal lactase and acid phosphatase activities were increased in suckled piglets. Burrin et al.6 observed changes in lactase isoform abundance in newborn pigs fed milk or colostrum for 6 hr compared to water fed controls, which suggests the increase in intestinal lactase activity may arise from alterations in posttranslational processing of lactase in response to feeding.
Effect of cement content and recycled rubber particle size on the performance of rubber-modified concrete

According to the Rubber Manufacturer’s Association, the United States generated 3664 thousand metric tons of scrap tires in 2015. While most waste tires are repurposed, approximately 409.5 thousand...
Automation and assessment of de novo modeling with Pathwalking in near atomic resolution cryoEM density maps.

Abstract With the rapidly growing number of macromolecular structures solved to near-atomic resolution using electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM), map interpretation and model building directly from the density without the use of structural templates has become increasingly important. As part of the 2015/2016 Map and Model Challenge, we attempted to assess our latest de novo modeling tool, Pathwalking, in terms of performance and usability, as well as identify areas for future improvements. In total, we applied Pathwalking to six density maps between 3 and 4.5 A resolution selected from the challenge data sets. In five of the six cases, Pathwalking was able to accurately determine the protein fold and in three of these cases, the final all atom model had less than 1.6 A RMSD when compared to the known structure. Model building and refinement was nearly completely automated, used default parameters and took less than 30 min to complete a refined all atom model. A direct outgrowth of this work was a more streamlined automated command line Pathwalking utility, as well as a novel sequence assignment and optimization routine, which attempts to register sidechain density with expected side chain volume. In total, Pathwalking offers a nearly complete, robust and efficient method for constructing atomistic protein structures directly from a density map without the aid of a template.
A critique of validity analysis from instruments assessing the affective domain.

Abstract Background Schools and colleges of pharmacy need to show evidence that their students have internalized professional values, and many choose to do so through quantitative instruments. A review of the literature was completed to identify the evidence of validity of the scores from instruments designed to assess pharmacy students in the affective domain. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify instruments. Basic information regarding the instruments, the facets of validity assessed, and the evidence for validity were reviewed. Results Of the studies identified, 25 focused on assessing the affective domain and reported evidence of at least one facet of validity. Most reported evidence of validity from two or more sources, and most reported evidence concerning test content and internal structure (i.e. internal consistency reliability or factor analysis). Other sources of validity were missing from most studies. Implications More research is needed to investigate the validity of the scores of instruments developed to assess pharmacy students within the affective domain, especially regarding relations to other variables, response processes, and consequences of use.
Targeting of Lung Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal Pathway by a Small Molecule Verrucarin J.

Despite considerable advances made in understanding of lung cancer biology, there has been meek improvement in lung cancer treatment outcome with 4% to 5% increase in 5-year survival rates in the last four decades. Underlying problem of lung cancer recurrence and poor prognosis is attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which possess the potential to differentiate, proliferate and trigger chemo-resistance, tumor progression and metastasis, despite initial elimination of the tumor. To address specific targeting of CSCs, we investigated the effects of a small molecule Verrucarin J (VJ) on lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1793. VJ significantly inhibited cell proliferation of both cell lines, with IC50 values of approximately 10 nM for A549 and 20 nM for H1793 respectively after 48 h of treatment. A549 cell line when treated with VJ, induced cell apoptosis with concomitant down regulation of key CSC specific genes- ALDH1, LGR5, OCT4 and CD133 in a dose-dependent manner. To delineate the molecular mechanism by which VJ targets lung cancer cells and CSCs, we determined the effects of VJ on CSC self-renewal pathways Wnt1/β-catenin and Notch1. Treatment of A549 cell line with VJ inhibited significantly both the signalling pathways, suggesting inhibition of expression of CSC genes by VJ through the inhibition of CSC self-renewal signalling pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that VJ may serve as a potent anticancer drug to target cancer cells and CSCs.
Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Training

The benefits associated with cardiac rehabilitation in adults with acquired heart disease have been widely recognized and accepted. An increasing volume of data from studies in pediatric patients and adults with congenital heart disease has also demonstrated that exercise training is, for the vast majority of patients, safe and beneficial. The limited availability of age and diagnosis-appropriate programs, as well as other socioeconomic barriers, has impeded access to this valuable therapeutic modality.
Fibular Nail Fixation: Topical Review.

Background:Intramedullary implants have been used historically in long bone fractures with success. In recent years, a variety of intramedullary implants for the treatment of fibular fractures have...
A Novel Wide-Area Storage-Based Control for Transient Stability Enhancement

The increasing share of inverter-based resources in bulk power systems reduces the total amount of mechanical inertia and increases the stochastic uncertainties of power system generation; both factors could cause the future power grid to operate closer to stability limits. Meanwhile, the need for flexible operations will cause more disturbances in future power grids which will challenge the transient stability of the system. To cope with the challenges, this paper proposes a novel wide-area control method utilizing battery energy storage systems to improve the transient angular stability of synchronous machines. The proposed method does not require information of the post- disturbance system and is robust to dynamic modeling uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown theoretically via transient energy analysis and demonstrated through simulation results in a multi-machine test system. Moreover, its advantage over a local control method is demonstrated and discussed.
Audio visual, nonprint, graphic, and other visualized resources

Abstract Over the past several decades the importance and availability of scholarly visualized information has taken new meaning, importance and dimensions. Visualization is taking data and putting it into a visual context providing the viewer or listener an easier means for looking at the data for greater understanding, clarity, and detection of patterns, trends, projections, and outlying data. Simply put it is far easier to comprehend the presentation of complex, long-tern, or in-depth data in a visualized format rather than numerous lines and columns of text, numbers, symbols or other characters. The evolution of the Internet is a significant driver for the production and use of non-print materials in audio (podcasts, live and archived streaming, and a variety of digital platforms) and visual (webcasts, webinars, vidcasts, YouTube, Instagram, and a host of others) platforms. This chapter provides an examination of history and evolution of the use of audio visual, nonprint, graphic, and otjer visualized resources including a Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) and comic book and graphic novels and non-fiction books.
Centralization of care in high volume hospitals and inequalities in access to care.

Abstract In 2018, the French National Health Insurance proposed to increase the minimum volume threshold for breast cancer and to set a specific threshold for ovarian cancer in order to get an authorization to treat these patients. Using an exhaustive nationwide data set, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the application of minimum volume thresholds for breast cancer and ovarian cancer in France on socioeconomic and spatial inequalities in patient access to care, taking into account patient preferences for their preferred provider. Our findings indicate that it would increase spatial inequalities and introduce socioeconomic inequalities in access to specialized care in terms of travel distance and will contribute to the medical desertification in rural areas that already have less access to non-specialized care. Our results underline that ignoring patient preferences when assessing the impact of such policies drastically underestimate the deterioration in patient access to care.