cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brief Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia Improves Psychosocial Functioning in Veterans: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

STUDY OBJECTIVES Our goal was to compare brief behavioral treatment for insomnia (BBTI) to a progressive muscle relaxation training (PMRT) control condition among veterans with insomnia, examining psychosocial functioning as a primary outcome and sleep-related outcomes, mood, cognition, and pain as secondary outcomes. METHODS Veterans were randomly assigned to either BBTI or PMRT (N = 91; 24-74 years; M = 49 years). BBTI consisted of two in-person (60-min and 30-min sessions) and two telephone sessions (20-min each), and the PMRT control condition was matched to BBTI for session duration and type. Veterans were assessed through clinical interview at baseline and self-report measures at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment, as well as 6-month follow-up for the BBTI condition to assess sustained response. Measures also included continuous sleep monitoring with sleep diary. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses demonstrated that individuals who completed BBTI versus PMRT reported greater improvements in work, home, social and cognitive functioning, insomnia symptom severity, mood, and energy. Improvements in psychosocial functioning, insomnia symptoms, and mood were maintained 6-months following BBTI treatment completion. CONCLUSIONS Veterans who received BBTI improved and maintained gains in psychosocial functioning, insomnia, and mood. BBTI is a treatment that can be implemented in primary care, mental health, or integrated care settings and provide symptom relief and improved functioning among those with insomnia, one of the most commonly reported mental health problems among veterans. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02571452.
Endogeneity and permeation in an organizational communication network

Abstract Face-to-face conversation has been shown to be influenced by features that ensure comprehensible and linear conversation (“endogeneity”), and attributes of its potential participants, such as organizational position or contextual role, that “permeate” these endogenous effects. A direct comparison of both features is rarely studied, however, due to methodological challenges it presents. In addition, conversation is increasingly taking place in new mediated forms, such as emails and social media. It remains to be seen if social dynamics observed in face-to-face conversation transfer to these new media forms. Using an email network among individuals during a military exercise, we use relational event modeling to determine whether social norms of communication dominate conversation flow in this medium and to what extent individual attributes affect the flow of messages to and from those in the organization. Though email communication does not require immediate response, we find that immediate-response turn-taking dynamics occur anyway; though emails are only visible to sender and recipient(s), we observe a “Matthew effect” in the communication sequence (i.e., those who receive many emails receive even more in the future). Finally, these dynamics are only marginally affected by measured individual attributes (e.g., military rank, situational awareness), suggesting the primacy of “endogenous” conversation dynamics in this network. We thus find that many previously-observed social dynamics in face-to-face conversation carry over to the new form, despite practical differences between the two types. This study is only one of a handful that directly compares endogeneity and permeation in a communication network.
Spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal subtype genesis suggest hierarchical development of retinal diversity

How do neuronal subtypes emerge during development? Recent molecular studies have expanded our knowledge of existing neuronal diversity. However, the genesis of neuronal subtypes remains elusive and previous studies have been limited by a lack of quantitative methods for simultaneous detection of subtype diversity in situ. The bipolar interneurons of the mammalian retina represent a diverse neuronal class, characterized by distinct functions, morphologies, and recently discovered transcriptional profiles. Here, we developed a comprehensive spatiotemporal map of bipolar subtype genesis in the retina. Combining multiplexed detection of 16 RNA markers with timed delivery of EdU and BrdU, we analyzed more than 30,000 single cells in full retinal sections to classify all bipolar subtypes and their birthdates. We found that bipolar subtype birthdates are ordered and follow a centrifugal developmental axis. Spatial analysis revealed a striking oscillatory wave pattern of bipolar subtype birthdates, and lineage analyses suggest clonal restriction on homotypic subtype production. These results inspired a hierarchical model of neuronal subtype genesis in the mammalian retina, with the wave pattern of subtype birthdates arising from early asymmetric cell divisions among founding retinal progenitor cells. Our results provide an outline of the developmental logic that generates diverse neuronal subtypes, and establishes a framework for studying subtype diversification.
Sharp Restricted Isometry Property Bounds for Low-rank Matrix Recovery Problems with Corrupted Measurements.

In this paper, we study a general low-rank matrix recovery problem with linear measurements corrupted by some noise. The objective is to understand under what conditions on the restricted isometry property (RIP) of the problem local search methods can find the ground truth with a small error. By analyzing the landscape of the non-convex problem, we first propose a global guarantee on the maximum distance between an arbitrary local minimizer and the ground truth under the assumption that the RIP constant is smaller than 1/2. We show that this distance shrinks to zero as the intensity of the noise reduces. Our new guarantee is sharp in terms of the RIP constant and is much stronger than the existing results. We then present a local guarantee for problems with an arbitrary RIP constant, which states that any local minimizer is either considerably close to the ground truth or far away from it. The developed results demonstrate how the noise intensity and the RIP constant of the problem affect the locations of the local minima relative to the true solution.
Keynote: Digital Health Technologies and Their Role in the Development of Precision Rehabilitation Interventions

Over the past two decades, advances in digital health (e.g., wearable and mhealth technologies) have enabled the collection of massive amounts of data in the clinic and in the home and community settings. Wearable sensors have been used to gather movement and physiological data. Ambient sensors and wearable cameras have provided contextual information. Smartphones and tablets have been utilized to collect ePRO's. In parallel, advances in the field of machine learning have made it possible to derive clinically meaningful information from these large datasets. These developments are transforming the field of rehabilitation medicine. In this talk, first, we will review the use of these technologies in the clinic. We will discuss how sensing technology is gradually replacing costly camera-based systems and how combining - by relying on machine learning algorithms - data collected using inexpensive cameras with data collected using sensing technology can lead to highly accurate kinematic data. We will then show how relying on digital health technologies and on machine learning algorithms, researchers have developed approaches suitable to derive accurate estimates of clinical scores via the analysis of sensor data collected during the performance of functional movements. We will then present evidence that these technologies are transforming the way rehabilitation interventions are designed and implemented as they enable tracking how each patient respond to the prescribed therapy, thus enabling ‘precision rehabilitation’ interventions. Next, we will discuss applications of digital health technologies outside of the clinic. We will show how these technologies can facilitate the process of gathering information about participation (as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework developed by the World Health Organization) and about the impact of contextual factors on clinical outcomes. Then, we will review challenges that researchers are facing in deriving reliable metrics from data collected in the home and community settings. We will present examples of approaches aimed to assure that such metrics are accurate and reliable. Furthermore, we will discuss the role of digital health technologies in enabling the implementation of interventions with minimum (in the clinic) or no (in the home) direct supervision by therapists while enabling patient monitoring for safety. Finally, we will discuss how we envision that the field of rehabilitation will evolve in the next decade as digital health technologies are integrated in clinical practice.
Accounting, greed, and beliefs in a nineteenth century communal religious society

The availability of the accounting and other records of a religious communal society (the Harmony Society) provides for a study that adds to the literature on accounting in religious organizations,...
Lattice Field Theory

The Feynman diagram expansion of relativistic field theories gives rise to integrals that diverge at short distances or equivalently at large momenta. To have a well-defined theory we need to regulate these divergences. There are many ways to do this, but one that has both practical and conceptual advantages is to put the theory on a discrete space-time lattice. In this chapter we will explore this.
Polymorphisms in the prostate cancer susceptibility gene HPC2/ELAC2 in multiplex families and healthy controls

Two polymorphisms in the newly cloned prostate cancer susceptibility gene, HPC2/ELAC2, are suspected to be associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. These missense variants result in a serine (S) to leucine (L) substitution at amino acid residue 217 and an alanine (A) to threonine (T) substitution at residue 541. We genotyped these polymorphisms in 257 multiplex prostate cancer sibships and in 355 race-matched healthy unrelated controls. A significant increase in the frequency of the T allele is seen in the prostate cancer subjects compared with controls. There is, however, little evidence for excess clustering of the T allele within the multiplex families known to be segregating this allele, and there is no evidence for linkage of prostate cancer to the HPC2/ELAC2 region of chromosome 17p11.2 in these families. The T allele shows no association with either Gleason score or age-of-onset in segregating families.
Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of Human Rhinovirus 14 Explored by Means of Cryoelectron Microscopy and X-Ray Crystallography of Virus-Fab Complexes

The structures of three different human rhinovirus 14 (HRV14)-Fab complexes have been explored with X-ray crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy procedures. All three antibodies bind to the NIm-IA site of HRV14, which is the beta-B-beta-C loop of the viral capsid protein VP1. Two antibodies, Fab17-IA (Fab17) and Fab12-IA (Fab12), bind bivalently to the virion surface and strongly neutralize viral infectivity whereas Fab1-IA (Fab1) strongly aggregates and weakly neutralizes virions. The structures of the two classes of virion-Fab complexes clearly differ and correlate with observed binding neutralization differences. Fab17 and Fab12 bind in essentially identical, tangential orientations to the viral surface, which favors bidentate binding over icosahedral twofold axes. Fab1 binds in a more radial orientation that makes bidentate binding unlikely. Although the binding orientations of these two antibody groups differ, nearly identical charge interactions occur at all paratope-epitope interfaces. Nucleotide sequence comparisons suggest that Fab17 and Fab12 are from the same progenitor cell and that some of the differing residues contact the south wall of the receptor binding canyon that encircles each of the icosahedral fivefold vertices. All of the antibodies contact a significant proportion of the canyon region and directly overlap much of the receptor (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM-1]) binding site. Fab1, however, does not contact the same residues on the upper south wall (the side facing away from fivefold axes) at the receptor binding region as do Fab12 and Fab17. All three antibodies cause some stabilization of HRV14 against pH-induced inactivation; thus, stabilization may be mediated by invariant contacts with the canyon.
Las preposiciones y la metáfora del espacio: aportaciones y potencial de la lingüística cognitiva para su enseñanza

Este trabajo se centra en la ensenanza de las preposiciones en el aula de espanol como lengua extranjera (ELE) desde la optica de la linguistica cognitiva. Primeramente se discute el estado de la cuestion de la instruccion de preposiciones en el campo de ELE y tras considerar su relativo exito en cuanto a su aprendizaje y la fosilizacion de sus usos, se presenta el paradigma cognitivo como opcion para su ensenanza. De esta manera, se introducen principios teoricos basicos y relevantes, tales como los “prototipos” como significados operativos centrales para cada preposicion, el “pensamiento metaforico” como base para la construccion de comunicacion, la “perspectiva espacial” con el “trayector”, el “perfil” y el “punto de referencia” para expresar las relaciones de espacio y movimiento entre conceptos al representar linguisticamente una escena, o el hablante como “conceptualizador” de su entorno. Todas estas nociones se aplican entonces a la semantica de preposiciones como para, a, o de, por ser algunas de ...
Intermediate energy heavy ions: An emerging multidisciplinary research tool

Abstract In the ten years that beams of intermediate energy (≈ 50 MeV/amu ≤ E ≤ ≈ 2 GeV/amu) heavy ions ( Z ≤, 92) have been available, an increasing number of new research areas have been opened up. Pioneering work at the Bevalac at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, still the world's only source of the heaviest beams in this energy range, has led to the establishment of active programs in nuclear physics, atomic physics, cosmic ray physics, as well as biology and medicine, and industrial applications. The great promise for growth of these research areas has led to serious planning for new facilities capable of delivering such beams; several such facilities are now in construction around the world.
Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Milk by E.D.T.A. Titration

Summary Five procedures were compared for E.D.T.A. determination of calcium and magnesium in milk. The method which combined Ling's method for removal of proteins and phosphates by potassium metastannate, Flashka's indicator (Eriochrome blue S E) for the calcium determination, his adjustment of pH in the magnesium determination, and the method of Jenness (slightly modified) for magnesium yielded the best results. The method is convenient, rapid, and recoveries for both calcium and magnesium were essentially 100%.
Assessing Calibration Uncertainty and Automation for Estimating Evapotranspiration from Agricultural Areas Using METRIC

Agricultural irrigation accounts for a large fraction of the total water use in the western United States. The Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) remote sensing energy balance model is being used to estimate historical agricultural water use in western Nevada to evaluate basin-wide water budgets. Each METRIC evapotranspiration (ET) estimate must be calibrated by a trained user, which requires some iterative time investment and results in variation in ET estimates between users. An automated calibration algorithm for the METRIC model was designed to generate ET estimates comparable to those from trained users by mimicking the manual calibration process. Automated calibration allows for rapid generation of METRIC ET estimates with minimal manual intervention, as well as uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the model. The variation in ET estimates generated by the automated calibration algorithm was found to be similar to the variation in manual ET estimates. Results indicate that uncertainty was highest for fields with low ET levels and lowest for fields with high ET levels, with a seasonal mean uncertainty of approximately 5% for all fields. In addition, in a blind comparison, automated daily and seasonal ET estimates compared well with flux tower measurement ET data at multiple sites. Automated methods can generate first-order ET estimates that are similar to time intensive manual efforts with less time investment.
Spatial and temporal patterns of reproduction, larval settlement, and recruitment of the compound ascidian Aplidium stellatum

Spatial and temporal variation in recruitment of the compound ascidian Aplidium stellatum was examined on a shallow-water limestone outcropping in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico from 1983 to 1985. Fifty-two percent of the recruits appeared on vertical surfaces, which were rare at this site. In the laboratory, tadpole larvae of A. stellatum consistently settled on vertical vs horizontal surfaces in a 2 to 1 ratio, regardless of the area of vertical surface offered. This settlement response was insufficient to account entirely for the field recruitment pattern, suggesting greater mortality of newly-settled individuals or larvae on horizontal vs vertical surfaces. Fifty-six percent of the variation in recruitment over 21 months could be explained by variation in the percentage of zooids brooding larvae in adult colonies. Over 28 consecutive months, the percentage of zooids brooding larvae was positively correlated with egg counts of the previous month (r2=0.75), which in turn were weakly correlated with monthly average water temperature (r2=0.36). These results suggest that larval production contributed substantially to temporal variation in recruitment of A. stellatum. The short larval life of tadpoles of A. stellatum and the relative isolation of the population were probably responsible for the correlation between recruitment and larval production.
Assessing Parents' Perception of Children's Risk for Recreational Water Illnesses

Understanding people's risk perceptions and motivations to adopt preventive behavior is important in preventing the spread of recreational water illnesses (RWI) and other emerging infectious diseases. We developed a comprehensive scale measuring parents' perceived risk of their children contracting RWI. Parents (N = 263) completed a self-administered questionnaire with scale items based on 4 constructs of the Protection Motivation Theory: perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy. Exploratory factor analysis identified 7 underlying factors, indicating 7 subscales of perceived risk for RWI. Cronbach α ranged from 0.60 to 0.81. The Precaution Adoption Process Model supported scale construct validity. This study provides the first perceived risk scale for exploring psychosocial factors that may predict or mediate the adoption of behaviors that prevent the spread of infectious diseases contracted by children while swimming. Findings from this study also provide implications for encouraging preventive behavior against other emerging infectious diseases.
Photosensitivity: I. Mechanisms.

Abstract Adverse reactions to the sun's rays have been increasing in frequency in the last several decades due, at least in part, to the photosensitizing properties of the large number of therapeutic agents which have been developed in this time period. Photosensitivity is the term used to denote all of these adverse reactions. Two types of photosensitivity reactions may occur. They may be phototoxic or photoallergic. 1–7
Magnetic resonance imaging and P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy provide unique quantitative data useful in the longitudinal management of patients with dermatomyositis.

Objective. To evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the longitudinal management of patients with dermatomyositis (DM). Methods. The study group consisted of 11 patients, including 3 children, all of whom had a clinical diagnosis of DM. A control group of 8 subjects was studied simultaneously. MRI included images as well as calculations of T1 and T2 relaxation times. The P-31 MRS protocol evaluated metabolic status (i.e., inorganic phosphate/phosphocreatine ratios and phosphocreatine and ATP levels) during rest, exercise, and recovery. Results. T2-weighted images of the thigh muscles showed inflammation even when serum creatine phosphokinase levels were in the normal range. Metabolic abnormalities, which were accentuated with exercise, were found in 10 patients. In some individuals, bioenergetic defects preceded other changes and persisted after resolution of inflammation. In general, clinical impressions correlated with MRI/MRS data. Conclusion. MRI and MRS provide unique data which are quantitative and which cannot be obtained from routine laboratory tests. These MR evaluations appear to be of value in assessing the status of DM patients during treatment with steroids and immuno-suppressive drugs.
Quantitative composition of the lipids of cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus)

Cucumber flesh contains lipids which are qualitatively similar to those of other non-photosynthetic plant tissues. Phospholipids account for nearly half the weight of lipids. The neutral lipids are characterised by a high proportion of 1,2- and 1,3-diacylglycerols relative to triacylglycerol. The sterol composition is similar to that reported for cucumber seedlings; β-sitosterol together with C29 unsaturated sterols being the major components. Linolenic acid is the major fatty acid component of the neutral, glycolipid and phospholipid fractions and this is reflected in the high levels (> 40%) present in all major lipid classes except phosphatidylethanolamine (25%).
Effects of metal ions on the hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl caproate by modified poly(ethylenimine)s

Hydrolysis of nitrophenyl caproate by modified poly(ethylenimine)s containing imidazole moieties is markedly enhanced in the presence of divalent metal ions. The order of effectiveness is Cu(II) > Co(II) > Zn(II) > Ni(II) > Mn(II), with Cu increasing the rate about 20-fold. The acceleration by the metal ion is much greater in the presence of CH3COO− or Cl− as counterions than in the presence of ClO4−. Turnover experiments, in which moles of substrate cleaved were in substantial excess of moles of metal present, established the catalytic nature of the effects of the metals. The extent of binding of Cu(II) by the polymers was measured. Maximum accentuation in rate of hydrolysis of nitrophenyl ester was observed for the imidazole-containing polymer when the ratio of imidazole:Cu(II) was 2.75. Some possible mechanisms for the rate enhancement by metal ions are described.
Stable, Cationic Alkyl−Olefin Complexes of Ruthenium(II) and Rhodium(III): Effects of Ligand Geometry upon Olefin Insertion/Alkyl Migration

The syntheses of ruthenium(II) and rhodium(III) model complexes of the putative active species in the iron(II)/MMAO polymerization system are reported. The cationic ruthenium methyl ethylene comple...
Large eddy simulation of particle deposition in a vertical turbulent channel flow

Abstract The deposition of particles in fully-developed turbulent channel flow has been calculated using large eddy simulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Calculations were performed for Reynolds numbers of 11,160 and 79,400 (based on bulk velocity and hydraulic diameter); subgrid-scale stresses were parameterized using the dynamic eddy viscosity model. Particle motion was governed by both drag and lift. The effect of particle-particle interactions as well as modification of the turbulent carrier flow by the particles was neglected. In agreement with previous studies, LES results show that particles accumulate in the near-wall region. Statistical measures from the LES calculations such as the particle deposition rate are in reasonable agreement with the direct numerical simulation results of McLaughlin (1989). For particles with identical relaxation times in wall units, deposition rates at the two Reynolds numbers were nearly identical. Issues relevant to application of LES for predicting particle deposition at high Reynolds numbers are also discussed.
The Prisoner Dilemma: Britain, Germany, and the Repatriation of Indian Prisoners of War

AbstractBetween October 1914 and December 1915, nearly 135,000 Indian riflemen—known as sepoys—fought in the trenches of France and Belgium at the battles of Ypres, Festubert, Givenchy, Neuve Chapelle, Second Ypres and Loos, suffering some 34,252 casualties. At a prisoner of war camp outside Berlin, Indian revolutionaries and emissaries from the Ottoman Empire attempted to convert the allegiances of the sepoys in their custody with a combination of pan-Islamic and nationalist appeals. Although this campaign ultimately failed, it profoundly shaped British repatriation policy at the end of the war when, cautioned Secretary of State for India Austen Chamberlain, the British could not allow men who had been exposed to ‘strongly hostile influences’ to return home unmonitored. The 1918 armistice and British repatriation policy therefore presented a host of new challenges to Britain’s colonial subjects from South Asia as they navigated the post-war imperial landscape and secured what was most important to them—s...
Sense-and-respond supply chain using model-driven techniques

The results of an effort to build a sense-and-respond solution for a supply chain by Using a model-driven development framework are described in this paper. One of the components of the framework is the IBM Research-developed model-driven business-transformation (MDBT) toolkit, a set of formal models, methods, and tools. The inventory optimization analytics used to improve supply chain performance are also described. This approach is illustrated through a case study involving the IBM System x™ supply chain.
A Decline in the Frequency of Neonatal Exchange Transfusions and Its Effect on Exchange-Related Morbidity and Mortality

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to identify trends in patient demographics and indications for and complications related to neonatal exchange transfusion over a 21-year period in a single institution using a uniform protocol for performing the procedure. METHODS. A retrospective chart review of 107 patients who underwent 141 single- or double-volume exchange transfusions from 1986–2006 was performed. Patients were stratified into 2 groups, 1986–1995 and 1996–2006, on the basis of changes in clinical practice influenced by American Academy of Pediatrics management guidelines for hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS. There was a marked decline in the frequency of exchange transfusions per 1000 newborn special care unit admissions over the 21-year study period. Patient demographics and indications for exchange transfusion were similar between groups. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the second time period received intravenous immunoglobulin before exchange transfusion. There was a higher proportion of patients in the 1996–2006 group with a serious underlying condition at the time of exchange transfusion. During that same time period, a lower proportion of patients experienced an adverse event related to the exchange transfusion. Although a similar percentage of patients in both groups experienced hypocalcemia and thrombocytopenia after exchange transfusion, patients treated from 1996–2006 were significantly more likely to receive calcium replacement or platelet transfusion. No deaths were related to exchange transfusion in either time period. CONCLUSIONS. Improvements in prenatal and postnatal care have led to a sharp decline in the number of exchange transfusions performed. This decline has not led to an increase in complications despite relative inexperience with the procedure.
Epigenetic memory and cardiac cell therapy.

Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Because the loss of cardiac myocytes contributes to most types of heart failure, strategies designed to achieve therapeutic cardiac regeneration
A test of the accuracy of probability assessment techniques in auditing

. Sixty-two practising auditors participated in an account balance estimation experiment. Having been provided with written and oral training material, they used four elicitation techniques (CDF, PDF, EPS, and HFS) to quantify their subjective beliefs regarding the accounts receivable balance of an audit case study. Their responses were compared to the results of a 600 sample simulation study, using the quadratic scoring rule. Their responses were also compared to the consensus distribution of all subjects using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov measure. The results indicated that PDF is the elicitation technique generating the most accurate prior probability distribution for use in Bayesian analysis. The other three elicitation techniques were about equal in the degree to which they were less accurate than the PDF technique.
Androlaelaps rotundus Fonseca (Acari: Laelapidae) associated with akodontine rodents in Paraguay: a morphometric examination of a pleioxenous ectoparasite

A multivariate analysis of morphometric data suggests that the nominally pleioxenous ectoparasite, Androlaelaps rotundus, includes at least three distinct host-associated populations in Paraguay. Where multiple akodontine hosts occur sympatrically, each host species is accompanied by a morphologically distinct mite population. These host-mite associations were consistent across all localities, implying that A. rotundus is a complex of unrecognized species.
Effect of resistance exercise, with or without carbohydrate supplementation, on plasma ghrelin concentrations and postexercise hunger and food intake

The effects of resistance exercise with and without carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on hunger, postexercise food intake, and plasma ghrelin, an orexigenic gastric peptide, are poorly characterized. We examined the individual and combined effects of a resistance exercise bout and CHO consumption on plasma ghrelin and postexercise food intake. Twenty-one apparently healthy young male participants ([mean +/- SD] age = 20 +/- 1.8 years, body mass index = 24.8 +/- 3.3 kg/m(2)) completed in random order 3 treatment conditions: (1) ExCHO-80-minute resistance exercise bout while consuming CHO ( approximately 77 g CHO, 306 kcal); (2) ExPLA-identical exercise with a non=caloric placebo; and (3) NoExCHO-no-exercise trial of quiet sitting and CHO consumption. Blood samples were obtained before, during, and immediately postexercise, and 110 minutes after exercise. At 2 hours postexercise, they were provided a buffet of food from which they ate ad libitum. There was a significant time x treatment interaction for plasma ghrelin caused by a decline from pre- to postexercise in the 2 exercise conditions compared with an increase over time in the NoExCHO condition. At 110 minutes postexercise, ghrelin was 21% and 13% lower in ExCHO and ExPLA compared with NoExCHO (both Ps < .05). However, despite the lower ghrelin concentrations for the 2 exercise conditions, the subjective ratings of hunger were not lower for these conditions compared with the NoExCHO. There were no differences in absolute ad libitum energy intake from the buffet among the 3 conditions, but relative energy intake from the buffet accounting for the estimated cost of exercise was lowest among the 2 exercise conditions. We conclude that (1) weight lifting lowers plasma ghrelin concentrations during exercise and attenuates its rise during the postexercise period in young men and (2) the lower plasma ghrelin concentration is not associated with lower subjective feelings of hunger measured 100 minutes postexercise, but is associated with a lower relative food intake.
Role of nucleoside transport in glucocorticoid-induced regression of mouse lymphoma P1798.

Abstract Exposure of corticoid-sensitive P1798 lymphocytes to cortisol results in inhibition of uridine uptake and incorporation with no effect on 2-deoxyglucose transport. Nucleoside uptake by corticoid-resistant cells is not affected by the hormone. Inhibition of uridine transport may play a key role in tumor regression and does not depend on reduced availability of glucose.
Behavioral Health Interventions in the Fire Service: Stories from the Firehouse

Firefighters face a number of occupational risks including the impact of being exposed to traumatic experiences. Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) was previously introduced as a viable option for intervention postincident; however, concern has been raised about the efficacy of such debriefings. This study uses focus groups and key informant interviews with a national sample of firefighters to examine firefighters’ perceptions about behavioral health interventions. Although some firefighters reported positive experiences with CISD, other personnel reported finding the intervention intrusive and reported feeling more distressed after the intervention than before. Personnel reported experiencing benefits from peer support and using the crew for bonding after negative incidents as particularly useful. Findings suggest that while components (e.g., peer debriefing) of CISD may be useful, caution is warranted in employing the CISD model as designed.
SEM sentinel-SEM performance measurement system

This paper describes the design and implementation of a system for monitoring the performance of several major subsystems of a critical dimension measurement scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM). Experiments were performed for tests involving diagnosis of the vacuum system and column stability by monitoring of the following subsystems and associated functional parameters. These include: 1) Vacuum system with pressure as a function of time being recorded for the electron-optical column (gun chamber), the specimen chamber, and the sample-loading unit. 2) The action of several components of the wafer handling system can be timed. 3) The electron gun emission currents and other signals to monitor the characteristics of the condenser and objective lenses may be used to correlate with image quality. 4) Image sharpness, electron beam current, signal-to-noise ratio, etc. can be evaluated.
Mechanism and preventive measures for die soldering during Al casting in a ferrous mold

This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the reactions at the ferrous die/molten metal interface in a metal mold casting operation. The literature has shown that several important factors influence reactions at the ferrous die/molten aluminum interface, including temperature of the melt, temperature of the die, alloy chemistry of the melt and die, die surface engineering, topographical features, and coatings. This article discusses the effect of the more critical factors on soldering, based on the authors’ investigations. Inaddition, based on a mechanistic understanding of the interface reactions between ferrous die and molten aluminum, recommendations are given for specific processing issues to alleviate soldering during die casting of aluminum alloys.
Conformational correlation of purine nucleosides by high‐field carbon‐13 NMR data

Correlation of the nucleic acid base conformation in 43 purine nucleosides with high-field 13C NMR data is described. A key to the correlation is the chemical shift difference between C-2′ and C-3′.
Nonlinear filtering for image restoration

We consider a nonlinear filtering problem arising from the restoration of degraded images, in which both the true and the observed degraded images are described by nonlinear multidelay stochastic equations. The nonlinear filtering problem consists in computing the conditional probability density of the true image, based on the information generated by the observed degraded image. An explicit recursive formula for computing optimal filtering is obtained by applying the Girsanov transformation technique.
Refined fixture design for effective essential work of fracture toughness characterization of m-LLDPE thin films

Abstract Characterization of Mode-I fracture toughness of ductile polymeric thin films is nontrivial. Proper specimen preparation and experimental procedures are required to ensure in-plane tensile loading. In this study, a custom-built double-edge notched tensile test fixture was employed to characterize the Mode-I essential work of fracture (EWF) toughness of metallocene linear low-density polyethylene (m-LLDPE) films. Effects of specimen geometry, strain rate and film orientation on the specific essential work of fracture, we, and the specific non-essential work of fracture, wp, were investigated. Results indicate both EWF parameters are independent of the crosshead speed, gauge length (distance between upper and lower clamps) and specimen width within the ranges tested. we is significantly higher for thinner films and for crack propagation perpendicular to the blown film machine direction (MD). The usefulness of EWF for evaluating m-LLDPE fracture toughness is discussed.
An Addendum to the Confidentiality Guaranteed under Randomized Response Sampling by Mahmood, Singh, and Horn

In this note, it has been shown that optimum choice of GREENBERG et al. (1971) model of asking non-sensitive question directly about the quantitative character also discloses the privacy of the respondents in certain cases as discussed by MAHMOOD, SINGH, and HORN (1998) for qualitative characters only. A safe technique has been proposed and discussed in such situations to handle quantitative sensitive characters through MOORS' (1971) strategy. Numerical illustrations have also been given to study the performance of the proposed strategy.
Differences in Accuracy of Absolute and Comparative Performance Appraisal Methods

Abstract The primary question of this experiment was whether absolute and comparative performance appraisal ratings differ in terms of four components of accuracy: differential elevation (DE), differential accuracy (DA), elevation (EL), and stereotype accuracy (SA). Because comparative performance appraisal methods often use global items (overall performance dimensions), whereas certain absolute performance appraisal methods utilize specific items (critical incidents), the effect of specific versus global items was also investigated. Eighty participants viewed four videotaped lecturers and rated their performance 24 h later with both absolute and comparative performance appraisal methods which used both specific and global item-types. No advantages were associated with the absolute rating method, however, comparative ratings were more accurate than absolute ratings with respect to DA and SA. Global items resulted in greater DE and EL accuracy than did specific; however, the converse was true with respect to DA and SA accuracy. Implications for the practice of performance appraisal are discussed.
Randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of lidoflazine in patients receiving beta-blocker therapy with propranolol: improvement in anginal symptoms and exercise tolerance with combined drug therapy.

Abstract Twenty-nine patients symptomatic despite β- blocker therapy were entered into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of lidoflazine added to propranolol. After clinically documented β blockade was achieved, patients were randomized to either propranolol plus placebo (P) or propranolol plus lidoflazine (L). Patients initially receiving lidoflazine (group with treatment sequence LP) showed improvement in exercise tolerance from propranolol alone (7.2 to 9.3 minutes, p
A Quantitative Analysis of Sea Clutter Decorrelation with Frequency Agility

A brief statement of the sea clutter problem in surface-search radar operation illustrates the need for some form of signal-to-clutter enhancement. Post-detection integration used in the simpler radars is limited by the pulse-to-pulse correlation of the clutter. Analysis of the effect of changing frequency from pulse to pulse leads to an expression for the correlation between pulses in the sequence. Knowing this correlation, the reduction in the fluctuating clutter component produced by integration can be determined. This is described by an equivalent number of independent pulses, Nc. For the particular case of sinusoidal modulation of the transmitted frequency, N6 is computed. The critical dependecne of Nc upon the modulating frequency fm is illustrated by spectrum photographs. Choice of an optimum fm is discussed. The results of computations of N4 for optimum fm are presented as a family of normalized curves. These data permit the tradeoff of the radar parameters against their quantitative effect on radar performance.
3D reconstruction of opaque objects from Fourier intensity data

3D imaging provides important profile information not available with conventional 2D image products. Profile information can be extremely valuable for industrial- inspection and remote target-characterization applications. In this paper, we discuss a novel imaging modality, called PROCLAIM, that utilizes the powerful constraint that opaque objects can be described by a 2D surface embedded in 3D space. Far-field Fourier intensity measurements are collected by flood-illuminating an object with a frequency- tunable laser and direct detecting the backscattered signal with a lensless sensor. This technique allows for precise, non-contract surface measurements, without the stringent coherence and mechanical stability requirements of related interferometric techniques. We present reconstruction results form simulated data and from laboratory measurements.
Clinical presentations of panic-related disorders

Abstract Increasing attention to anxiety disorders has highlighted the overlap of symptoms of panic with various medical disorders. The differential diagnosis of anxiety is reviewed. Additionally, the various clinical presentations of anxiety disorders are surveyed.
Classroom of the Future...Now

Abstract An early University of Central Florida (UCF) Institute for Simulation and Training project funded through the Florida High Technology and Industry Council was to develop a plan for an Experimental Prototyping Classroom (EPC). This was to be a facility that served as an applications labaratory for the testing of new training technologies under controlled but realistic settings. The intent was to break the current pattern of having the contractor field test and debug a new training technology application during the initial stages of the actual implementation. In addition, it was anticipated that there would be spin‐offs that would benefit graduate students in instructional technology and related programmes. While a true EPC has yet to be created at UCF, this paper outlines some of the related technology‐based projects that have developed with recent years.
Factors determining fracture stress and strain of fine-stranded whey protein gels

Whey proteins form translucent heat-induced gels at low and high pH that differ in fracture properties. Gels formed at pH 7.0 and 6.5 were strong (fracture stress of 59−92 kPa) and rubbery (fracture strain of 1.7−1.2). Gels formed at pH 3.0 and 2.5 were weak (fracture stress of 17−19 kPa) and brittle (fracture strain of 0.33−0.39). Altering disulfide bond formation changed gel texture. Addition of a disulfide reducing agent (dithiothreitol) at concentrations ≥ 25 mM, at pH 7.0, caused the gel to weaken (>46% reduction in fracture stress) and become brittle (fracture strain of 0.30−0.32). Increasing the number of disulfide bonds in gels formed at pH values ≤3.5 increased fracture strain to 2.0 while causing a minor increase in fracture stress. Formation of disulfide bonds appears to be essential to the deformability of heat-induced whey protein gels. Keywords: Gelation; fracture properties; disulfide bonding; whey proteins
Student experiences with service learning in a Business Ethics course

Service learning provides many challenges and opportunities for the instructor who wishes to test its potential. This paper looks at some of the promise for service learning in the undergraduate Business Ethics course and describes one experience with this project. Quotations from student journals and reflective papers are utilized to present the student's perspective on the project. Some suggestions are offered for insuring effective service learning in courses like Business Ethics.
Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Structures in Channel Flow Transition

Introduction T HE objective of this computational study is to investigate the development of nonlinear vortical structures in plane channel flow transition by the visualization of threedimensional vortex lines. It has long been recognized that transition may be viewed as a sequence of events that is triggered by two-dimensional Tollmien-Schlichting waves that become three-dimensional, leading to nonlinear wave interactions. In a recent experiment, Williams used hot film probes in a water channel boundary layer to create a data base containing three-dimensional instantaneous velocity and vorticity components documenting the evolution of the high shear layer and the formation of hairpin vortices. He then used this data base to obtain three-dimensional vortex lines. In this work, a similar technique is used to visualize the flowfield structures. In order to extract information from the computational data base, which provides the three-dimensional instantaneous velocity/vorticity field in over a quarter million grid points, vortex lines were calculated at time intervals that can be viewed sequentially. In addition, vorticity contours and velocity vector plots for the secondary flow are presented for a comparison with the findings inferred from the vortex line plots. Although flow visualization by vortex lines have been utilized in other numerical studies,' the present results effectively capture the continuous evolution of the flow, enabling the identification of various vortical structures.
Mean biases, variability, and trends in air-sea fluxes and sea surface temperature in the CCSM4

AbstractAir–sea fluxes from the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) are compared with the Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiment (CORE) dataset to assess present-day mean biases, variability errors, and late twentieth-century trend differences. CCSM4 is improved over the previous version, CCSM3, in both air–sea heat and freshwater fluxes in some regions; however, a large increase in net shortwave radiation into the ocean may contribute to an enhanced hydrological cycle. The authors provide a new baseline for assessment of flux variance at annual and interannual frequency bands in future model versions and contribute a new metric for assessing the coupling between the atmospheric and oceanic planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes of any climate model. Maps of the ratio of CCSM4 variance to CORE reveal that variance on annual time scales has larger error than on interannual time scales and that different processes cause errors in mean, annual, and interannual frequency bands. Air temperatur...
Comment on “Undocumented Migration from Mexico: Some Geographical Questions”

(1982). Comment on “Undocumented Migration from Mexico: Some Geographical Questions”. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 559-560.