cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stable Hydrogen Evolution from an AgRhO2 Photocathode under Visible Light

In the search for improved materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting, it has become important to identify new classes of semiconductor materials that may serve as improved photocathodes. To this end, p-type AgRhO2 has been synthesized and tested as a photocathode for water splitting. The AgRhO2 photocathode is found to exhibit excellent photocatalytic capability for reducing protons to H2 across a wide range of pH values with nearly 100% faradaic efficiency and good photostability. Polycrystalline AgRhO2 electrodes exhibit strong preferred c-axis orientation, resulting in anisotropic conductivity, evident from resistivity measurements. AgRhO2 photocathodes are found to provide improved performance and photostability when compared to prior work using a p-CuRhO2 electrode. Enhanced performance is in part attributed to the unusual degree of c-axis orientation found in this material. In addition, there is a significantly lower kinetic barrier for H2 production at the AgRhO2 interface.
Evaluating English Morpheme Accuracy, Diversity, and Productivity Measures in Language Samples of Developing Bilinguals.

Purpose This work explores the clinical relevance of three measures of morpheme use for preschool-age Spanish–English bilingual children with varying language skills. The 3 measures reflect accurac...
Continuous Removal of Fission Products in a Nitride-Fueled Reactor

A nitride-fueled nuclear reactor is proposed in which the fission products are selectively removed from the reactor in a liquid alloy, and makeup fuel added during operation. The concept is based o...
Parent-to-Infant Attachment

Most research exploring attachment has been concerned with the development of the infant’s attachment to his or her parents, especially to the mother Historically, much less attention has been devoted to the parental attachment systems—the parents’ growth of love for the infant. A major step toward looking at the development of parental attachment came about through pioneering work of Klaus and Kennell and their associates (Klaus, Jerauld, Kreger, McAlpine, Steffa, & Kennell, 1972; Klaus & Kennell, 1976) who explored the manifestations of the mother’s tie to her infant in the time shortly after the infant’s birth. Subsequently, investigations have extended to the forgotten member of the triad—the father. Now, additional research has led to a need for reassessing the nature of the parent—infant attachment system.
Architecture of the World Wide Web

In this chapter we give a brief synopsis of the history of the Web, starting with Licklider through Engelbart to Berners-Lee. We then procede to dissect the various components of the World Wide Web in order to get an overview of Web architecture. The Web is distinguished from the Internet as a “universal information space” where all items of interest are named by URIs, while the Internet is a transport protocol for the transfer of bytes. Beginning with protocols to communicate between clients and servers, we explore twin notions behind information, namely encoding and content. Then, moving to the Web of URIs and web-pages, we arrive at a tentative theory of representations. Finally, we deduce from our exploration of Web architecture a number of informal principles.
Massive Retroperitoneal Hematoma During Enoxaparin Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Case Reports and Review of the Literature

In light of the increasing use of enoxaparin for both prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic disease, the number of potential complications from this anticoagulant will also continue to increase. This article presents the first case of massive retroperitoneal hematoma during enoxaparin treatment of pulmonary embolism after a primary total hip arthroplasty and discusses several unique sequelae of the retroperitoneal hematoma. Retroperitoneal hematomas are often fatal, and treatment involves aggressive fluid resuscitation with possible surgical decompression.
Detecting Functional States of the Rat Brain with Topological Data Analysis

One of the cutting-edge methods for analyzing large sets of data involves looking at their “shape”, namely their geometry and topology. In this paper, we apply topological analysis to data arising from a neuroscience experiment involving multichannel voltage measurements of brain activity in awake rats. Data points are viewed as a point cloud, with distance defined using channel correlations or a Euclidean metric. Exploratory data analysis reveals that the topological structure defined in terms of a Euclidean metric can distinguish between a coherent oscillatory brain state and the desynchronized awake state, by associating different Betti numbers to the different brain states.
Interplay between Swelling Kinetics and Nanostructure in Perfluorosulfonic Acid Thin-Films: Role of Hygrothermal Aging

Impacts of processing, storage, and operation on thin-film perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer coatings used in electrodes of electrochemical devices remains unestablished. In this work, alteration of structure–function relationship in ionomers is achieved via exposure to elevated temperature and humidity (hygrothermal aging). Findings reflect a strong inverse correlation between aging-induced ionomer thin-film domain orientation and water-transport kinetics evaluated from swelling. Impact of aging is shown to be more pronounced on platinum due to interactions with PFSA, as evidenced by greater increase in nanodomain orientation parallel to substrate accompanied by reduced water transport, in contrast to silicon support.
Using a text-processing language for serial record conversion

Les listes informatisees de periodiques creees avant la definition du format MARC doivent faire l'objet d'un reformatage. A l'Universite du Wisconsin-Milwaukee, le reformatage necessite par l'adoption du systeme PERLINE/BOOKLINE a ete realise avec succes grâce a SPITBOL, un langage de traitement de texte tres performant. (INTD)
Improvements in corticosteroid 21-acetoxy-17α-hydroxy-16α-methyl-pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione synthesis and its use as common intermediate in the synthesis of some impurities related to dexamethasone and mometasone.

Abstract There are quite substantial number of impurities related to dexamethasone or mometasone which cannot be made from respective Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients but from common intermediate 21-acetoxy-17α-hydroxy-16α-methyl-pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione (12). As such, a robust and economical synthesis of this key intermediate is important for delivering a resilient and economically viable supply chain for these impurities. Therefore, it is critical to have a robust and economically viable process to synthesize the intermediate 12 in good yield and quality. We report here an improved synthesis of 12 and eight impurities related to dexamethasone and mometasone from this common intermediate.
Near-Fatal Acute Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Rerupture In 7-Month-Old Infant.

Background Aneurysm rerupture and bilateral fixed and dilated pupils (bFDPs) typically have a poor prognosis across all age groups. The synchronous occurrence of both features in the infantile demographic has not been previously reported. Case Description We describe the near-fatal clinical course of a 7-month-old infant who experienced an acute giant aneurysm rerupture with signs of bFDPs. The patient was rapidly managed with neurosurgical intervention and has achieved a favorable outcome 1 year later. Conclusions This case highlights that survival of infants who present with intracranial aneurysmal rerupture and bFDPs is amenable to rapid neurosurgical intervention and should be remembered in clinical practice.
Aesthetic Otoplasty: Principles, Techniques and an Integrated Approach to Patient-Centric Outcomes

Otoplasty is a century-old procedure that, through continued modifications, now has over two hundred different procedures described in the literature. In this article, we seek to describe the anatomy and principles of aesthetic otoplasty, as well as some of the key contributions to aesthetic otoplasty. This article will also outline some of the most commonly used techniques today and associated patient outcomes. We present a review of the literature of relevant anatomy, pathophysiology and common techniques and outcomes. We also provide a discussion of several patients with associated techniques and outcomes. The treatment of prominent ear has developed through manipulation and experimentation. The outcomes are defined by the native anatomy, the surgical technique and the attention to patient-centered outcomes. Aesthetic otoplasty remains one of the most important surgical techniques and common procedures in plastic surgery. Using an integrated approach guided by known principles as well as patient goals allows for optimal outcome in aesthetic otoplasty. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
CSTAT+: A GPU-accelerated spatial pattern analysis algorithm for high-resolution 2D/3D hydrologic connectivity using array vectorization and convolutional neural network operators

Abstract Connectivity is a state-of-the-art concept that improves the current understanding of hydrological processes at multiple scales. Two-point connectivity statistics provide a promising approach to quantify hydrologic connectivity, which measures the probability of any two nodes in a hydrologically relevant pattern that are connected based on their separation distances. However, limited computational capacity has been the main constraint for implementations in large gridded patterns (>1 million nodes). Here, we propose a new algorithm based on array vectorization and convolutional neural network operators (convolution and pooling) that leverages parallel computational capacity of a GPU. Test results suggested that the new algorithm significantly increases the computational efficiency and is also sensitive to the variability of connectivity states and robust to complex topography. We envision that our algorithm can pave the way for investigating behaviors in large-scale (e.g., watershed) processes, based on quantifying the connectivity of gridded hydrological patterns and digital elevation models.
Stent-retriever thrombectomy through an occluded pipeline embolization device

Abstract A 71-year-old female with a history of a right medial paraclinoid aneurysm was treated with pipeline embolization device and placed on dual antiplatelet therapy for 6 months. Clopidogrel was discontinued at 6 months, and the patient developed dysarthria, left-hemiplegia, and left-sided facial droop two days later. A CT angiogram demonstrated thrombus formation in the pipeline embolization device resulting in complete carotid occlusion. She presented greater than 6 h from onset and so no rt-PA was given. An eptifibatide bolus and drip was started. The patient was taken for mechanical thrombectomy given a favorable MR-perfusion pattern. Despite very tenacious clot within the device, successful revascularization was achieved using a stent retriever in the device.
The Effect of Turn Signal Onset on Lateral Performance Measures When Overtaking a Lead Vehicle - Using Naturalistic Driving Environment

Lane changes occur very frequently on freeways. For the development of automated vehicles (AV), the detection of the other vehicles’ lane change maneuvers is an important task. Practically, turn signal is the most direct indicator to show the driver’s intention to change lanes. This study explored the Safety Pilot field-operational-test (SPFOT) database to investigate the use of turn signal and the relationship between the turn signal onset time and lane change performance measures, in order to assist AV anticipating other road users’ maneuvers. Driving data from 130 instrumented vehicles were extracted and 31,211 overtaking events were selected. It was found that the turn signal was used for about 70% of lane changes, and during half of those the turn signal was activated after the initiation of the lane change maneuver. Results showed that leftward overtaking maneuvers had longer lane change duration with slower lateral speed and lateral acceleration than rightward ones when the turn signal was not used. It was further found that the lane change duration can be estimated by the turn signal onset time. The shortest lane change durations of 5.33 s and 4.66 s occurred during those maneuvers when the turn signal was activated at 4.5 s and 5 s before the start of the leftward and rightward lane changes, respectively.
Impact of an integrated mother-preterm infant intervention on birth hospitalization charges.

To examine whether the H-HOPE (Hospital to Home: Optimizing the Preterm Infant’s Environment) intervention reduced birth hospitalization charges yielding net savings after adjusting for intervention costs. One hundred and twenty-one mother-preterm infant dyads randomized to H-HOPE or a control group had birth hospitalization data. Neonatal intensive care unit costs were based on billing charges. Linear regression, propensity scoring and regression analyses were used to describe charge differences. Mean H-HOPE charges were $10,185 lower than controls (p = 0.012). Propensity score matching showed the largest savings of $14,656 (p = 0.003) for H-HOPE infants, and quantile regression showed a savings of $13,222 at the 75th percentile (p = 0.015) for H-HOPE infants. Cost savings increased as hospital charges increased. The mean intervention cost was $680 per infant. Lower birth hospitalization charges and the net cost savings of H-HOPE infants support implementation of H-HOPE as the standard of care for preterm infants.
Disastrously Creative: K-pop, Virtual Nation, and the Rebirth of Culture Technology

Sustained by the triangulated forces of the K-pop industry, South Korean national policy, and the ever-morphing discourse on culture and technology in the postindustrial era, industry leader SM Ent...
Characterization of cells susceptible to SARS-COV-2 and methods for detection of neutralizing antibody by focus forming assay

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and subsequent COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the urgent need to determine what cells are susceptible to infection and for assays to detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the ongoing efforts for vaccine development have necessitated the development of rapid, high-throughput methods of quantifying infectious SARS-CoV-2, as well as the ability to screen human polyclonal sera samples for neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. To this end, our lab has adapted focus forming assays for SARS-CoV-2 using Vero CCL-81 cells, referred to in this text as Vero WHO. Using the focus forming assay as the basis for screening cell susceptibility and to develop a focus reduction neutralization test. We have shown that this assay is a sensitive tool for determining SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titer in human, non-human primate, and mouse polyclonal sera following SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Additionally, we describe the viral growth kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in a variety of different immortalized cell lines and demonstrate via human ACE2 and viral spike protein expression that these cell lines can support viral entry and replication.
Functional Language Awareness in Secondary Mathematics Classrooms

This chapter highlights the Functional Language Awareness approach, or FLA, which centers on examining and analyzing how mathematics teachers for Emergent Bilinguals (EBs) attend to and incorporate language into their teaching. The FLA approach puts activity, or what is happening in the classroom, at the core of the model. Activity is surrounded by language functions, features, and contexts that work collaboratively to help teachers think about language as a teaching tool in the mathematics classroom. As a conceptual tool, this approach assists teachers in creating student participation through language in the mathematics classroom. Drawing on discourse from both middle and high school mathematics classrooms, this chapter reveals how teachers of EBs use language within this approach to reach all learners, as well as to promote their participation, interaction, and language use in mathematics class.
Cross-talk with skeletal muscle and its nexus with regenerative rehabilitation.

The primary function of skeletal muscle—force production—requires the coordinated contributions of its adjoining tendon to transmit loads to bone. In fact, throughout the musculoskeletal system, ti...
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Patient Perceptions on Medication Adherence in Depression Treatment

Objective Nonadherence to pharmacotherapy for psychiatric conditions is associated with poor outcomes, including increased risk of relapse, increased health care costs, and reduced quality of life. The objective of this study was to investigate the strength of association between socioeconomic factors, race/ethnicity, and patient perceptions with medication adherence in individuals with depression. Methods Baseline surveys were sent out in 2012 to 4,216 adult patients within a large health system who presented with a clinical diagnosis of major depressive disorder (ICD-9), recorded at least twice in the electronic medical record in the year 2011. A total of 1,573 patients responded to the baseline survey. Of those, 1,209 patients who completed the survey and had used antidepressants in the last 12 months were recruited for the study. Perception of medication risk was assessed using the Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire, and adherence to medications was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between perception of medicine risk and treatment adherence. Results For non-Hispanic white individuals, medication adherence was higher among those who were least concerned about the risk of medications (64%; 95% CI, 58-70) compared to those who were most concerned (34%; 95% CI, 26-43). In the logistic regression model, less concern about medications and their side effects was associated with higher medication adherence (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.77-3.84; P < .0001). This association remained significant after adjustment for age, race, education level, and extramedical use of other medications or substances. Moreover, patients with older age and lower education level as well as those who were non-Hispanic white and had no extramedical use of other medications/substances were more likely to be adherent to medications. Conclusions This study contributes quantitative data on factors that impact treatment adherence. Identifying patients at increased risk of nonadherence, having discussions with patients early in the treatment process to understand their concerns regarding treatment options, being sensitive to cultural beliefs, and patiently proceeding with the decision-making process could help ensure better outcomes.
Does Transaction Misalignment Matter for Firm Survival at All Stages of the Industry Lifecycle

Research on industry lifecycles suggests that competitive pressures are more severe during the shakeout stage, which could be associated with the emergence of a dominant design, than at other stages. Transaction cost theory, on the other hand, assumes generally competitive markets and does not address the industry lifecycle. It therefore implies that transaction cost economizing is a superior firm strategy regardless of the stage of the lifecycle. This paper seeks to reconcile these two streams of research by investigating whether aligning transactions with governance modes in accordance with transaction cost prescriptions has a differential effect on firm survival in pre-shakeout vs. shakeout stages of the industry lifecycle. Analyzing data from the early U.S. auto industry (1917-1933), we find that while transaction misalignment did not have a significant impact on firm survival during the pre-shakeout stage, or during the period as a whole, it did have a significantly larger negative impact on survival during the shakeout stage than during the early fragmentation stage. We also find that the negative effects of misalignment on survival were significantly weaker for larger firms during the shakeout stage. This suggests that applications of transaction cost theory which assume uniformly severe selection pressures across the industry lifecycle, and uniform effects of misalignment across firms of different sizes, could be misleading. It also suggests that theories of the industry lifecycle could usefully take transaction costs into account along with production costs in their analyses of competition over the lifecycle.
Temporal proteomic changes induced by nicotine in human cells: A quantitative proteomics approach.

Nicotine is a prominent active compound in tobacco and many smoking cessation products. Some of the biological effects of nicotine are well documented in in vitro and in vivo systems; however, data are scarce concerning the time-dependent changes on protein and phosphorylation events in response to nicotine. Here, we profiled the proteomes of SH-SY5Y and A549 cell lines subjected to acute (15 min, 1 h and 4 h) or chronic (24 h, 48 h) nicotine exposures. We used sample multiplexing (TMTpro16) and quantified more than 9000 proteins and over 7000 phosphorylation events per cell line. Among our findings, we determined a decrease in mitochondrial protein abundance for SH-SY5Y, while we detected alterations in several immune pathways, such as the complement system, for A549 following nicotine treatment. We also explored the proposed association between smoking (specifically nicotine) and SARS-CoV2. Here, we found several host proteins known to interact with viral proteins that were affected by nicotine in a time dependent manner. This dataset can be mined further to investigate the potential role of nicotine in different biological contexts. SIGNIFICANCE: Smoking is a major public health issue that is associated with several serious chronic, yet preventable diseases, including stroke, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and susceptibility to infection. Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of thousands of different compounds, among which nicotine is the main addictive compound. The biological effects of nicotine have been reported in several models, however very little data are available concerning the temporal proteomic and phosphoproteomic changes in response to nicotine. Here, we provide a dataset exploring the potential role of nicotine on different biological processes over time, including implications in the study of SARS-CoV2.
An 8 week randomized Dietary Guidelines for Americans -based diet intervention improves the omega-3 index of healthy women

BackgroundThe Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends consuming >1.75g/wk of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through triglyceride reduction, however individual responses to treatment vary. ObjectiveWe sought to determine if a DGA-conforming diet (DGAD) can increase the omega-3 index (OM3I), a diet-sensitive biomarker of omega-3 fatty acid status, into a health promoting range and reduce fasting triglycerides in 8 weeks. We further explored determinants of the basal OM3I and its response to treatment. DesignThis is a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind 8wk dietary intervention of overweight/obese women fed an 8d rotating DGAD (n =22) or typical American diet (TAD; n =20) registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02298725. The DGAD and TAD provided individuals with 16 {+/-} 2 g/wk and 1.2 {+/-} 0.12 g/wk of eisocapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. Habitual diet and body composition were determined at baseline. OM3I, fasting triglycerides, glucose and insulin were measured at 0, 2 and 8wk. ResultsBaseline OM3I (5.8 {+/-} 1.3; n =42) was positively correlated to the dietary (EPA+DHA):dietary fat ratio (p =0.006), negatively correlated to the android fat mass (p =0.0007) and was not different between diet groups. At 8wk, while the TAD-group average OM3I was unchanged (5.8 {+/-} 0.76), the DGAD-group OM3I increased (7.33 {+/-} 1.36; p 8%. Subgroup analyses of the DGAD-group revealed that body fat content and distribution influenced the baseline-dependent response to treatment. Fasting triglyceride and OM3I changes did not correlate. ConclusionsAn 8wk TAD stabilized the OM3I in a healthy range, while a DGAD increased the OM3I into a health-promoting range, but did not reduce fasting triglycerides. Fat distribution and basal omega-3 status are primary factors influencing omega-3 efficacy in overweight/obese women.
Purines and Myocardial Protection: An Overview

Although the morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in uncomplicated cases is currently low, recent studies suggest that morbidity and mortality are increasing as the demographic profile of these patients changes. Patients presenting for CABG surgery are now older and sicker. Most of these patients are being sustained on multiple medical therapies such as β-adrenergic receptor and calcium channel blockers, and have had one or more angioplasties. Recent estimates conclude that the number of angioplasties performed exceeds the number of CABG operations per year. Coronary artery restenosis occurs in a large number of patients after angioplasty procedure. It has been shown that there is a strong causal relationship between myocardial ischemia before cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and the outcome of surgery. Myocardial ischemia occurring prior to bypass doubles or triples the risk of subsequent myocardial infarction. Indicators of perioperative ischemia include electrocardiographic determination of ST segment depression; increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and segmental wall motion, wall thickening abnormalities and release of purines and enzymes. Indeed, purine in plasm has been used as a sensitive index of ischemia (1,2). Both segmental shortening and wall thickening abnormalities provide the most sensitive clinical measure of ischemia.
Thrombophilia Testing in Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis

Splanchnic vein thrombosis should be considered as a thrombotic entity unique from venous thrombosis involving the lower extremity veins or pulmonary emboli. This disease largely stems from organ pathology to injury within the splanchnic circulation. Clinical assessment should begin with a thorough evaluation to exclude such pathology. For approximately 20 % of individuals, a provoking risk factor will not be evident. For these individuals, thrombophilia testing for both inherited and acquired thrombotic variables is warranted. The timing of thrombophilia testing is also important to consider. Many clot-based thrombophilia assays will be influenced by the thrombotic process, anticoagulant therapy, or hepatic injury associated with the event. Delaying test acquisition until these variables are no longer present will maximize test performance and resource utilization. Although not specifically established by randomized controlled trials, the results of this testing can influence anticoagulant duration if a strong thrombophilia can be identified.
Economic Illusions Underlying Law

one might come to the conclusion that whether proof of non-volition of the decedent or of uncontrollable impulse or of both is stated as a requisite of claimant's case, in the great majority of cases, probably would make no difference; but, inasmuch as a general state of non-volition in the mind, especially in a well developed case of insanity, is a thing often so distinctly evidenced by objective manifestations as to be fairly susceptible of proof, while an uncontrollable impulse is likely to be a thing so strictly subjective as to give little or no objective manifestation prior to the suicidal act and therefore likely to be unsusceptible of proof, probably a formula directly making volition the pivotal * Professor of Law, De Paul University. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW REVIEW point upon which to decide the case is preferable to a formula making the case turn upon uncontrollable impulse. It is of course true that the very reason for talking about uncontrollable impulse is that the suicide upon uncontrollable impulse is not a volitional suicide; but, because of the subjective approach through the "uncontrollable impulse" formula, it would seem that industrial boards may find it more difficult to justify in their own minds an award to the claimant under this formula than under the formula stressing volition. It may be comparatively easy to adduce some objective proof that the decedent was so insane that he was incapable of entertaining any volition, so that there is some proof to sustain an award; but it may be somewhat more difficult to find any proof that the decedent actually had an uncontrollable impulse to commit suicide, for the fact of uncontrollable impulse lies in the field of the subjective, which is not so easily penetrable by proof. In general, in workmen's compensation cases, courts seem inclined to follow loosely, with perhaps a greater liberality to plaintiff, the general principles of the common law as to causation and of inclusion of damage within or exclusion from the operation of the rule of law invoked by the plaintiff, just as they have done in cases brought under wrongful death statutes.' In one case, a board's award of compensation for suicide was permitted by I Daniels v. New York, New Haven & Hartford R. Co., 183 Mass. 393, 67 N.E. 424, 62 L.R.A. 751 (x903), is a wrongful death case in which recovery was refused because the uncontroverted evidence tended to show that decedent "with deliberate purpose, planned to take his own life," that he had "an understanding of the physical nature and effect of his act," and that he had a "willful and intelligent purpose to accomplish it." This case is often cited and followed in workmen's compensation cases. See Tetrault's Case, 278 Mass. 447, i8o N.E. 231
Organizational politics: problem or opportunity?

Purpose – Asserts that organizational politics are inevitable, but questions whether this should always be viewed as a disadvantage.Design/methdology/approach – Compares various definitions of organizational politics, some of the factors that give rise to organizational politics, and how the individual and the organization as a whole can use organizational politics to their advantage.Findings – Advises each aspiring employee to try to find out the real culture of the organization he or she seeks to enter. Reveals that an outstanding employee may not thrive in an organization where his or her supervisor feels threatened. Counsels employees to find a mentor who is well placed in the organizational hierarchy. Examines the importance of personal chemistry in building relationships.Practical implications – Highlights the limits of what equal‐opportunities legislation can achieve.Originality/value – Explores the importance of the “fiefdom” syndrome in the modern workplace.
Judging a Comic Book by its Cover. Marvel Comics, Photo-covers, and the Objectivity of Photography

Abstract: Marvel Comics produced a number of comics with photographic covers during the 1980s. In this paper, I examine the aesthetic function played by these photo-covers. After examining and rejecting two inadequate accounts -- first, that these photo-covers are merely a marketing tool, and second, that these photo-covers give us privileged access to the (fictional) appearance of the characters and settings depicted on the covers, I argue that these covers are instead intended to meta-fictionally comment on the indirect, inferential nature of depiction in comics. In short, by utilizing the purportedly objective medium of photography, yet still failing to provide reliable evidence regarding the appearance of characters and settings, these covers highlight the fact that all information or evidence regarding appearances provided by the images contained in, or appearing on, comics is indirect, inferential, and defeasible. Resume: Dans les annees 1980, la societe Marvel a publie un certain nombre de comics a couverture photographique. Dans cet article, j’analyse la fonction esthetique de ces couvertures. Je commence par ecarter deux explications inappropriees, a savoir (1) que ces couvertures photographiques seraient un instrument de marketing et rien de plus, et (2) qu’elles donneraient un acces privilegie a la representation (fictionnelle) des personnages et des decors. Je defends en revanche l’idee que ces couvertures fonctionnent comme un commentaire metafictionnel sur le caractere indirect, par inference, de la representation en bande dessinee. Bref, en utilisant le medium soi-disant objectif de la photographie, sans pour autant etre capables d’apporter une preuve fiable de l’apparence physique des personnages et des decors, ces couvertures soulignent le fait que toute information ou toute preuve relative a l’apparence offerte par des images dans une bande dessinee est indirecte, faite par inference, et donc sujette a caution.
Design of C-testable high-speed dividers

This paper presents a design of a C-testable carry-free divider circuit and its test generation. The divider circuit takes the dividend and divisor digits, in redundant binary form, as its inputs and produces the quotient and remainder digits, also in redundant binary form. The circuit is fully testable with a test set of 72 test patterns irrespective of its bit size. In order to easily generate the test patterns and the corresponding control signals, a graph labeling scheme is employed to derive a set of simple labels for the dividend, the divisor the quotient, the remainder, and the control signals.
Conflict Management and Resolution: An Introduction

Part 1: The Anatomy of Conflict and Conflict Resolution 1. Perspectives on Conflict Resolution 2. Managing Conflict Dynamics 3. Conflict Transformation Part 2: Dimensions of Conflict 4. Identity 5. Power 6. Structure Part 3: Settlement and Resolution Procedures 7. Comparative context 8. Negotiation 9. Mediation 10. Facilitation 11. Reconciliation
GROUP HOMES FOR PERSONS WITH HANDICAPS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE LAW

This article will examine recent developments in the law of the handicapped concerning the issue of the establishment ·of group homes.· Protection of rights of persons with mental retardation in this area surprisingly has been accomplished through legislation and judicial decisions at the state level,. instead of through federal efforts.2 Recent cases interpreting state statutes which limit the ability of local governments to exclude group homes through restrictive cove­ nants and single-family ordinances which promote exclusionary zon­ ing, will be analyzed. The article will conclude by suggesting that the recent development of state-wide zoning legislation has been an in­ dispensible tool in the process of deinstitutionalization of the handi­ capped, providing a means to accomplish what so .~any people support only in theory.
Attribution of direct ozone radiative forcing to spatially resolved emissions

[1] Quantifying the dependence of ozone direct radiative forcing (DRF) on the mixture and spatial distribution of precursor emissions is a key step towards understanding the impact of air quality standards on climate. We use here a combination of satellite observations of ozone and its radiative effect in conjunction with an adjoint chemical transport model to determine the ozone DRF due to global, anthropogenic NOx, CO, and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) emissions regionally at 2° × 2.5° regions resolution. We show that 8% of the ozone DRF from the sum of all these emissions can be attributed to 15 regions, which are predominantly located in China and the United States (US). To achieve an equivalent reduction in ozone DRF, necessary emission reductions for each precursor vary intra-continentally by a factor of 3–10 and globally by over an order of magnitude. The contribution of NOx emissions to ozone DRF relative to CO and NMHC emissions within individual regions varies globally by nearly a factor of two.
Aβ Oligomers-Induced Toxicity is Attenuated in Cells Cultured with NbActiv4™ Medium

Pathogenic Aβ-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs) bind to post-synaptic targets, induce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulate tau hyperphosphorylation in cultured neurons. Recently, NbActiv4™ medium was reported to increase neuron synapse densities in cultured hippocampal neurons. We aimed to investigate the effect of this novel medium on ADDL-induced toxicity. We found that ADDL-induced ROS was attenuated in cells cultured with NbActiv4™. ADDL binding assay was performed in neurons cultured by different feeding conditions with NbActiv4™. Feeding cells with 30 % medium once a week, ADDL binding sites were abundant at days in vitro (DIV) 18. However, changing 50 % medium once a week decreased ADDL binding about 80 %. NbActiv4™ produced about 40 % more glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive astrocytes than the widely used hippocampal culture medium, neurobasal supplemented with B27 (neurobasal/B27). Astrocytes are reported to produce kinds of trophic factors including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Consistently, when cultured with NbActiv4™, neurons were sensitive to inhibitors of insulin/IGF-1 signaling in response to ADDL attack. Overall, this study supports the important role of astrocytes in neuroprotection and indicates that targeting astrocytes dysfunction may lead to new therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease.
No-till and conservation agriculture in the United States: An example from the David Brandt farm, Carroll, Ohio

Abstract No-till (NT) farming (conservation agriculture) began in the US in the 1960s. The state of Ohio has a university research location that began no-till research in 1962. A few innovative Ohio farmers, including NT pioneers David Brandt and Bill Richards, were early adopters of the new conservation practice. Initially, no-till was most successful on sloping, well drained soils, then with improvements to the system, including cover crops, it became more widely adopted on all soil types. David Brandt was an enthusiastic learner and teacher of no-till practices, working with chemical company representatives and Cooperative Extension Specialists to demonstrate the system. David Brandt's cooperation with Ohio State University researchers continues to provide a valuable site for studying the long term changes in soil health and ecosystem services. Results showed that total microbial biomass as one of the soil biological health indicators significantly increased with an associated decrease in carbon (C) loss under NT compared with conventional tilled soil (CT). Under NT, there was significantly higher total C and total N compared to CT. Active C, as a composite measure of soil health, significantly increased with NT. When cover crops, especially cover crop cocktail mixes, were used, NT substantially improved soil health. Long-term NT with cover crop cocktail mixes significantly increased the soil aggregate stability, compared with CT. The overall rate of C sequestration by NT suggested that the soils on the Brandt farm act as a consistent sink of atmospheric CO2 although this tends to level off after about 20 years. The Brandt farm showed that crop yields are increased under long-term NT with cover crops mixes. Results suggested that starting with a cover crop when switching from CT to NT, is more likely to ensure success and to maintain economic crop yields. Another early adopter, Bill Richards, from Circleville, Ohio, also became a national leader and promoter of no-till farming. He served as head of the United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service in the early 1990s and instituted a program that led to rapid expansion of no-till. He advises that farmers who follow conservation agriculture principles need to be more proactive, from local level to national levels, to influence policy decisions that can lead to robust improvement in soil health.
Differential sensitivity of chicken MM-creatine kinase to trypsin and proteinase-K.

Abstract 1. 1. Under several conditions of SDS-PAGE, the chicken MM-creatine kinase (MM-CK) monomer migrated as a ∼50,000 dalton polypeptide, approx 25% larger than usually reported. 2. 2. Characterization by sedimentation equilibrium indicated that the anomalous molecular weight was an artifact of electrophoresis. 3. 3. Digestion with trypsin caused only moderate reductions in CK activity, despite extensive degradation of the denatured enzyme revealed by SDS-PAGE. 4. 4. Characterization of trypsinized MM-CK under non-denaturing conditions of electrophoresis and HPLC revealed no fragmentation of the native enzyme, suggesting that MM-CK quaternary structure was maintained despite extensive tryptic nicking. 5. 5. In contrast, much lower concentrations of proteinase-K generated only a single fragment in SDS-PAGE while causing a nearly total loss of enzyme activity.
A New Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter for Grid Connection of Large Wind Turbines

The trend towards multimegawatt (multi-MW) wind turbines and the increasing interest in direct-drive variable-speed wind energy systems have made multilevel converters a promising candidate for large wind energy conversion systems. This paper presents a new hybrid modular multilevel converter for interfacing a full-scale, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based direct-drive variable-speed wind energy conversion system (WECS). The proposed hybrid converter, which is used on the grid side of the system, consists of a three-level modular multilevel converter (MMC) in series connection with three H-bridge modules. The generator-side converter is based on a conventional three-level neutral-point-clamped converter. The proposed hybrid converter, as opposed to the existing full-scale multilevel converter-based wind energy systems, provides structural modularity and a higher dc-bus voltage utilization. This paper formulates and analyzes the internal dynamics of the proposed hybrid converter including the circulating currents and the capacitor voltage ripples. The ac components of the circulating currents, if not properly reduced, increase the amplitude of the capacitor voltage ripples, rating values of the converter components, and losses. Based on the analysis, closed-loop circulating current and capacitor voltage ripple reduction techniques are developed. The reduction of capacitor voltage ripples help reduce the capacitor value. A mathematical model is also developed for the overall WECS. Performance of the overall WECS, under the proposed multilevel converter-based topology and controls, is evaluated based on time domain simulations in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment.
Assessing Appropriate Parenteral Nutrition Ordering Practices in Tertiary Care Medical Centers

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is an essential feeding route for specific patient populations. Despite its utility, PN is invasive, costly, and associated with clinical complications. In most U.S. hospitals, PN is overprescribed. This study measured rates of inappropriate PN use in hospitalized adults, as determined by the 2002 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines, at 4 tertiary care South Carolina hospitals (facilities A–D). Secondary aims were to identify indicators of inappropriate use and estimated preventable costs. Methods: Over a 3-month period, trained registered dietitians at each site collected data retrospectively and prospectively to determine PN appropriateness and indicators of use in 278 randomly selected PN cases. Results: PN therapy was inappropriately prescribed in 32% of cases, resulting in approximately 552 days and $138,000 in preventable hospital costs. Thirteen percent of patients who were prescribed inappropriate PN were discharged on home PN. Mea...
Segregation and chemical conversion at oil-water interface

Abstract Experimental evidence and theoretical consideration are presented to draw attention to the adsorptive power of the oil-water interface and the promising potential it provides for the development of an interfacial emulsion technique that can be useful for separation and materials conversion. It is shown that dissolved and suspended materials can be segregated into a compact emulsion in between water and an immiscible oil phase, and that such segragation facilitates the separation or conversion of the materials. On account of its property range being wider than that of solid-water and gas-water interfaces, the oil-water interface could provide a flexibility and versatility that would make the envisioned emulsion technique more useful than packed-bed and foam techniques. Other possible advantages may include a high capacity and high enrichment, and the availability of surface variation as a convenient process parameter.
The effect of blocked sulfhydryl groups on the regenerability of bleached rhodopsin.

Abstract Rhodopsin can be regenerated from bleached opsin and 11-cis-retinaldehyde when the sulfhydryl groups exposed by the bleaching process are covalently bound to N-ethylmaleimide. This regeneration is inhibited by the reaction of opsin with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate whether or not these sulfhydryl groups are previously blocked.
Effects of bromocriptine and α-flupenthixol on sleep in REM sleep deprived rats

Abstract Administration of bromocriptine mesylate (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a dopamine receptor stimulant, to rats which were deprived of REM sleep for 24 hours resulted in a significant increase in wakefulness as well as significant reduction of REM sleep during the first 5 hours of EEG recording. These effects were completely abolished by pretreatment with α-flupenthixol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.), a dopamine receptor blocker. The loss of REM sleep has not been regained during the next 25 hours of EEG recording suggesting that the stimulation of dopamine receptors reduced REM sleep without causing subsequent REM rebound. These data raise questions on the negative dopamine control of REM sleep and on the potential use of dopamine stimulants in clinical situations characterized by excessive REM or by REM sleep dysfunction (narcolepsy).