cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Database Query Analyzer (DBQA): A Data-Oriented SQL Clause Visualization Tool

While SQL has a relatively simple syntax with a small set of commands, it allows for complex query construction that is deceptively challenging. SQL is often the first declarative programming language learned by students, which requires a different analysis approach than that used to understand the procedural or object-oriented programming paradigms with which students are more familiar. While some tools exist to help assess the correctness of an SQL query or address syntax errors, few tools focus on query semantics. DBQA does so by illustrating the effects that clauses and conditions have on an SQL SELECT statement using a visualized, data-oriented approach. We expect DBQA's approach to query evaluation to feel more familiar to those with experience in procedural or object-oriented programming and to help those users better understand the semantics of complex queries. DBQA includes support for SQL queries containing JOINs and subqueries, which have been shown to be among the most difficult for students to construct.
Tenth order mock theta functions in Ramanujan's Lost Notebook

Ramanujan's lost notebook contains many results on mock theta functions. In particular, the lost notebook contains eight identities for tenth order mock theta functions. Previously the author proved the first six of Ramanujan's tenth order mock theta function identities. It is the purpose of this paper to prove the seventh and eighth identities of Ramanujan's tenth order mock theta function identities which are expressed by mock theta functions and a definite integral. L. J. Mordell's transformation formula for the definite integral plays a key role in the proofs of these identities. Also, the properties of modular forms are used for the proofs of theta function identities.
Compatible ecological niche signals between biological and archaeological datasets for late-surviving Neandertals.

Objectives To assess ecological niche similarity for biological and archaeological samples representing late-surviving Neandertals in Europe to evaluate the validity of combining these two types of data in ecological niche modeling analyses. Materials and methods Tests of niche conservatism were used to assess niche similarity and niche identity of samples of morphologically diagnostic Neandertal remains and Middle Paleolithic (MP) archaeological sites dating to the time period leading up to Neandertal extinction. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions for the Pre-H4 (43.3-40.2 ky cal BP) were used as environmental space analyses. Results Null hypotheses of niche similarity and identity of the two types of samples could not be rejected. Conclusions As primary and secondary evidence of Neandertal occurrence during the Pre-H4 show high levels of niche similarity and identity, combining the two types of occurrence data to create larger samples for niche analyses is justified without the concern that different environmental signals could complicate future research.
Super Dielectric Material Based Capacitors: Punched Membrane/Gel

Extensive testing showed, as predicted, that punched membranes, filled with a gel containing aqueous salt solutions, behave as superdielectric materials (SDM). Punched membrane superdielectrics employed herein consisted of a commercial cellulose based membrane material, Celgard 16 μ thick, a material frequently used as a separator material in supercapacitors, into which macroscopic holes (ca. 2.5 mm) were punched with a laser cutter, and the holes subsequently filled with a gel-like material composed of fumed silica, NaCl and water. The gross dielectric constants measured, generally > 105, and the energy densities, > 40 J/cm3 during slow discharge, were in the range expected for superdielectric materials. The measured capacitance and energy density tracked the number of holes punched/area filled with the dielectric gel. Also, the observed power law decrease in all parameters including energy, power and capacitance, followed the same trends observed in other classes of SDM. Control studies included testing dielectrics composed of Celgard into which no holes were punched, but the SDM gel spread, also produced values consistent with the SDM model: no measurable capacitance using the standard protocol. Finally, the values measured suggest these materials rival the energy density of some common battery types at low discharge rates, and surpass the best commercial supercapacitors at low discharge rates.
Responsiveness of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) instruments in patients with spinal disorders.

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT The Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS) instruments are an important advancement in the use of PROs, but need to be evaluated with longitudinal data to determine whether they are responsive to change in specific clinical populations. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the responsiveness of the PROMIS Physical Function (PF), PROMIS Pain Interference (PI), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This study entailed prospective data collection from consecutive patients aged 18 and older, visiting a university-based orthopaedic spine clinic between October 2013 and January 2017. PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 763 participants in the sample had a mean age of 58 (SD = 15) years and the sample was 50.2% male and 92.8% Caucasian. OUTCOME MEASURES The PROMIS PF and PROMIS PI Computerized Adaptive Tests along with either the NDI or ODI instruments were administered on tablet computers before clinic visits. Global rating of change questions relating to pain and function levels was also administered. METHODS Baseline scores were compared with follow-up scores at four different time-points from 3-months to 6-months and beyond. Patient demographics, mean scores, paired-sample t tests, Standardized Response Mean (SRM), and Effect Size (ES) were analyzed to determine instrument responsiveness. This project was funded by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number U01AR067138 and the authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. RESULTS The PROMIS instruments were strongly correlated with each other as well as with the NDI and ODI. Responsiveness was significant on all four instruments at every time-point assessed (paired sample t tests ranged from p CONCLUSION This study demonstrates strong responsiveness of the PROMIS PF and PROMIS PI in a spine clinic population.
The Clinical Significance of Cystitis Cystica in Girls: Results of a Prospective Study

AbstractTwenty-two girls with recurrent urinary tract infection and endoscopically proved cystitis cystica were studied prospectively to determine control of infection with long-term, continuous nitrofurantoin or sulfisoxazole (6 to 12 months), effect on the bladder changes and rate of recurrence of infection after discontinuation of medication. Infection was controlled equally with both drugs but, despite adequate control, 24 per cent had evidence of cystic changes upon completion of the treatment period. An additional 44 per cent became reinfected during the 1-year followup with no drugs. Only one-third of those presenting with urinary frequency, urgency and urge incontinence had improvement of these symptoms with control of infection alone. It appears that childhood cystitis cystica is the response of the bladder to long-term, inadequately treated bacterial lower urinary tract infection. Many months to years of continuous medication are required for healing. Toilet retraining, in addition to anticholin...
Begriffsklärungen: „Personengesellschaft“ — „Partnership„ — „Internationalität“ der Personengesellschaft“ — „Deutsche, US-amerikanische, internationale Personengesellschaften“

Wie schwierig es ist, den Begriff der „Personengesellschaft“ oder der “Partnership” im internationalen Steuerrecht zu klaren, zeigte jungst der Generalbericht des 49. Kongresses der International Fiscal Association zum Thema der Internationalen Einkommensteuerprobleme bei Personengesellschaften1. Soweit ersichtlich, herrscht zumindest Einigkeit daruber, das die Personengesellschaft — oder allgemeiner das zu beurteilende Rechtsgebilde — nicht selbst steuerpflichtig sein darf, sondern steuerlich transparent sein mus2. D.h. die Einkunfte werden steuerrechtlich den Gesellschaftern oder Anteilseignern zugerechnet. Unterliegt jedoch ein Rechtsgebilde fur die Einkunfte, die es erwirtschaftet, selber der Steuerpflicht, so wird es als steuerlich intransparent bezeichnet und stellt damit keine Personengesellschaft dar3. Ob eine solche Steuerpflicht vorliegt oder nicht, beurteilt sich — sofern ein Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen nichts anderes bestimmt — nach dem nationalen Recht des Staates um dessen Steuerpflicht es sich handelt4.
Should serum creatinine kinase levels and an ECG be routinely obtained in low voltage electrical burn injuries

Background Initial excess of creatinine kinase (CK) has been shown to correlate with extent of muscle damage in electrical burns.[1] High voltage burns leading to extensive muscle damage, compartment syndrome and rhabodmyolysis is clinically apparent at an early stage. However, the frequency of these injuries is rare. Low voltage (<1000V) injuries from domestic appliances are far more common with few if any clinical signs. In order to develop a local guideline, the current practise of investigations ordered in our department was analysed.
3-Bromo-2-hy-droxy-benzaldehyde.

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C7H5BrO2, is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation from the plane of all the non-H atoms = 0.0271 A) and displays intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the phenol group and the aldehyde O atom. Packing is directed by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯Br inter­actions and π-stacking between nearly parallel mol­ecules [dihedral angle = 5.30 (6)° and centroid–centroid distance = 3.752 (1) A].
Chemotherapy infusion reaction training for medical oncology fellows: A checklist-based simulation exercise.

e17683 Background: The ability to recognize and treat a chemotherapy infusion reaction (IR) is essential for quality cancer care. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can lead to signific...
Between Two Fields: US Public Master’s Institutions — Striving for Prestige or Equity?

Conventional wisdom suggests that a field of striving compels US public master’s institutions (PMIs) to pursue prestige in the academic hierarchy. We posit that, due to their unique histories of democratizing college opportunity, PMIs face conflicting imperatives from two fields: an origin one of equity and another of striving. Our hypotheses are that the pursuit of prestige entails departing from an origin field and will widen stratification between and within institutions over time. Using longitudinal data on organizational characteristics and enrollment share of low-income students, descriptive results suggest a relatively stable position among PMIs and in serving students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Panel analyses offered here indicate that, all else equal, PMIs with higher admissions selectivity, more out-of-state students, higher institutional grant aid, stronger growth in graduate education, and more favorable state economic conditions enrolled fewer low-income students over time than did their peers. Yet marginal effects showed moderate changes rather than swings toward dramatically greater between- and within-institution stratification. We discuss implications for research on managing conflicting imperatives from multiple fields and for public policy that foregrounds and rewards equity.
You Can Take It with You: Transferability of Proposition 13 Tax Benefits, Residential Mobility, and Willingness to Pay for Housing Amenities

In 1978, Californians approved Proposition 13, which fixed property tax rates at 1% of housing prices at the time of purchase. Beyond its fiscal consequences, Proposition 13 created a lock-in effect on housing choice because of the implicit tax break enjoyed by homeowners living in the same house for a long time. In this paper, I provide estimates of this lock-in effect, using a natural experiment created by two subsequent amendments to Proposition 13 - Propositions 60 and 90. These amendments allow households headed by an individual over the age of 55 to transfer the implicit tax benefit to a new home. I show that mobility rates of 55-year old homeowners are approximately 25% higher than those of 54-year olds. The second contribution of this paper is the incorporation of transaction costs, due to Proposition 13, into a household location decision model, providing a new way to estimate marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for housing characteristics. The key insight of this model is that because of the property tax laws, different potential buyers have different user costs for the same house. The exogenous property tax component of this user cost then works as an instrument to solve the main identification problem of revealed preference models - the correlation between price and unobserved quality of the product.
Evaluating University-Based Summer STEM Programs: Challenges, Successes, and Lessons Learned

As interest increases in promoting STEM education in America, summer STEM programs are a promising option for increasing student engagement, interest, and knowledge of STEM. However, STEM programs pose challenges for evaluation, especially programs that serve a large number of students and address a wide range of STEM topics. This paper describes how a team of researchers and practitioners collaborated to design and implement an evaluation of a series of STEM summer programs held at a large, public university. The programs varied in the STEM topics they covered and the age of participants. This created challenges for evaluating a series of programs of such scope and variety. This paper will further describe the programs and the methods used to evaluate them. Illustrative results of the evaluation will be shared, in addition to lessons learned from our evaluation in the hopes that this paper can serve as a resource for those looking for a feasible way to evaluate large, diverse programs.
Efficient and Misalignment-Robust PT-Symmetric Wireless Power Transfer

We theoretically investigate and experimentally demonstrate a new non-radiative wireless power transfer technique based on the concept of parity-time (PT-) symmetry. Our results show the higher-order PT-symmetric power transfer system has a nearly perfect and constant efficiency in different operating conditions. The proposed technique may solve the main challenge in the conventional wireless powering system which has a fluctuating transfer efficiency in the weak coupling regime. The PT-symmetric non-radiative wireless power transfer will pave the way towards robust and efficient wireless powering of stationary electric vehicles, mobiles, wireless sensors, and implantable medical devices.
Invasive Cardiac Procedures in Interstage Single Ventricle Patients in Emergent Hospitalizations.

Single ventricle congenital heart disease (SV CHD) patients are at risk of morbidity and mortality between the first and second palliative surgical procedures (interstage). When these patients present acutely they often require invasive intervention. This study sought to compare the outcomes and costs of elective and emergent invasive cardiac procedures for interstage patients. Retrospective review of discharge data from The Vizient Clinical Data Base/Resource Manager™, a national health care analytics platform. The database was queried for admissions from 10/2014 to 12/2017 for children 1–6 months old with ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes for SV CHD who underwent invasive cardiac procedures. Demographics, length of stay (LOS), complication rate, in-hospital mortality and direct costs were compared between elective and emergent admissions using t test or χ2, as appropriate. The three most frequently performed procedures were also compared. 871 admissions identified, with 141 (16%) emergent. Age of emergent admission was younger than elective (2.9 vs. 4 months p < 0.001). Emergent admissions including cardiac catheterization or superior cavo-pulmonary anastomosis had longer LOS (58.7 vs. 25.8 day, p < 0.001 and 54.8 vs .22.6 days, p < 0.001) and higher costs ($134,774 vs. $84,253, p = 0.013 and $158,679 vs. $81,899, p = 0.017). Emergent admissions for interstage SV CHD patients undergoing cardiac catheterization or superior cavo-pulmonary anastomosis are associated with longer LOS and higher direct costs, but with no differences in complications or mortality. These findings support aggressive interstage monitoring to minimize the need for emergent interventions for this fragile patient population.
Managing Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Acute Pain Crisis in the Most Appropriate Setting

Introduction: Pain is the top concern of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). Acute painful vaso-occlusive episodes in SCD are the leading cause of emergency department (ED) encounters and frequent hospital admissions. Well-documented disparities include significant delay and under treatment of SCD patients with acute pain crisis in the ED. An acute care observation unit (ACOU) staffed with SCD specialists can help to address these disparities. SCD patients treated in a dedicated ACOU have a 40% lower admission rate than patients treated in the ED. An expedited transfer and treatment program at our dedicated sickle ACOU at the University of Illinois Hospital (UIH) was implemented with the goal of improving overall care and decreasing the hospital admission rate for SCD patients. Method: This is an outcome study of individuals with SCD >16 years of age who presented with an acute painful episode to UIH. A quality improvement project used the Plan-Do-Study-Act translation method. The following key areas were identified for intervention: 1) established criteria for direct ACOU admission, 2) expedited transfer to the ACOU from the ED, 3) addition of a third provider to expand hours, and 4) establishing a consistent but individualized pain treatment plan across the ED and ACOU. The number of admissions to hospital of patients with SCD was examined from September 2018 through August 2019. Applying the Donabedian triad of Structure, Process, and Outcomes, we demonstrated improved outcome and decrease hospitalization. Results: There were 877 admissions to the ACOU from January to July of 2019, which is an increase of 37% compared to the same period in 2018. Of the 877 admissions, 793 were discharged home (90.4%) as compared to 88.6 % in 2018. The average time to first dose of opioids in the ACOU in 2019 was 55 minutes with and average decrease in the pain score of 2.62 during an average length of stay of 4:18 hours. Conclusions: Expedited care and treatment with a focus on improving quality and improving access resulted in increased volume of patients treated and decreased rate of admission to the hospital. Allocating resources to a dedicated sickle acute care observation unit can significantly decrease inpatient hospitalizations. Download : Download high-res image (246KB) Download : Download full-size image Table . Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Bivalirudin during thrombolysis with catheter-directed tPA in a heparin-refractory patient: A case report

Venous thromboembolism has increasing significance in hospitalized pediatric patients. Patients who have life-threatening or limb-threatening thrombotic events require thrombolysis in addition to anticoagulation. In patients who show signs of heparin resistance or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, it is imperative to identify alternative therapeutic options. We present a child in whom bivalirudin was used for systemic anticoagulation during catheter-directed thrombolysis along with tissue plasminogen activator (Alteplase® ) for the treatment of a near-occlusive organ-threatening thrombus. We also review the currently available literature on the use of combination therapy of an intravenous direct thrombin inhibitor with alteplase.
Ventilators for Nonintensivists. Basic Modes and Breath Types.

As COVID-19 has rapidly evolved into a pandemic, many physicians without prior critical care training are being called upon to help manage SARS Co-V-2 infected patients who develop respiratory fail...
Population cohort study finds high levels of antibiotic use increase the chances of infection-related hospital admissions.

Commentary on: van Staa TP, Palin V, Li Y, et al . The effectiveness of frequent antibiotic use in reducing the risk of infection-related hospital admissions: results from two large population-based cohorts. BMC Med 2020;18:40. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-1504-5. Research has established that individuals prescribed frequent antibiotic treatment have an increased likelihood of developing antimicrobial resistance (AMR).1 There are numerous negative consequences of AMR and attributable deaths.2 …
Insights into the Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) Effect in Ti-Free Grade 300 Maraging Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)

The near-net fabrication capabilities of laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) offer the potential to manufacture tools with complex cooling channels that can improve the production efficiency of the tools with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. High strength, toughness, and wear resistance are some of the key properties required by the tooling industries to qualify tools. While strength can be increased through appropriate heat treatments, the increase in strength comes with an associated ductility loss. We show that the non-equilibrium conditions inherent to LPBF can suppress the transformation-induced plasticity effect to room temperature in a Ti-free version of grade 300 maraging steel (G300MS), which is commonly not observed at room temperature in G300MS manufactured using conventional methods. The presence of retained austenite along with Ni-rich regions was found to increase the kinetics for austenite reversion during aging, thereby enabling the transformation of austenite into e martensite during tensile deformation at room temperature, in turn increasing the strength with minimal ductility loss.
Learning How to Search: Generating Effective Test Cases Through Adaptive Fitness Function Selection

Search-based test generation is guided by feedback from one or more fitness functions - scoring functions that judge solution optimality. Choosing informative fitness functions is crucial to meeting the goals of a tester. Unfortunately, many goals - such as forcing the class-under-test to throw exceptions, increasing test suite diversity, and attaining Strong Mutation Coverage - do not have effective fitness function formulations. We propose that meeting such goals requires treating fitness function identification as a secondary optimization step. An adaptive algorithm that can vary the selection of fitness functions could adjust its selection throughout the generation process to maximize goal attainment, based on the current population of test suites. To test this hypothesis, we have implemented two reinforcement learning algorithms in the EvoSuite unit test generation framework, and used these algorithms to dynamically set the fitness functions used during generation for the three goals identified above. We have evaluated our framework, EvoSuiteFIT, on a set of real Java case examples. EvoSuiteFIT techniques attain significant improvements for two of the three goals, and show small improvements on the third when the number of generations of evolution is fixed. Additionally, for all goals, EvoSuiteFIT detects faults missed by the other techniques. The ability to adjust fitness functions allows EvoSuiteFIT to make strategic choices that efficiently produce more effective test suites, and examining its choices offers insight into how to attain our testing goals. We find that AFFS is a powerful technique to apply when an effective fitness function does not already exist for generating tests to achieve a testing goal.
Surface Proteomics Reveals CD72 as a Target for In Vitro-Evolved Nanobody-Based CAR-T Cells in KMT2A/MLL1-Rearranged B-ALL.

Alternate strategies are needed for B-cell malignancy patients relapsing after CD19-targeted immunotherapy. Here, cell surface proteomics revealed CD72 as an optimal target for poor-prognosis KMT2A/MLL1-rearranged (MLLr) B-ALL, which we further found to be expressed in other B-cell malignancies. Using a recently-described, fully-in vitro system we selected synthetic CD72-specific nanobodies, incorporated them into CARs, and demonstrated robust activity against B-cell malignancy models, including CD19 loss. Taking advantage of CD729s role in inhibiting B-cell receptor signaling, we found that pharmacologic SHIP1 inhibition increased CD72 surface density. We establish CD72-nanobody CAR T9s as a promising therapy for MLLr B-ALL.
Data layout and data representation optimizations to reduce data movement: (keynote)

Code generation and optimization for the diversity of current and future architectures must focus on reducing data movement to achieve high performance. How data is laid out in memory, and representations that compress data (e.g., reduced floating point precision) have a profound impact on data movement. Moreover, the cost of data movement in a program is architecture-specific, and consequently, optimizing data layout and data representation must be performed by a compiler once the target architecture is known. With this context in mind, this talk will provide examples of data layout and data representation optimizations, and call for integrating these data properties into code generation and optimization systems.
Baseline Characteristics, Evaluation, and Management of Women With Complaints of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections.

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to determine the proportion of women presenting for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) who met the diagnostic criteria (culture-proven UTI ≥3 in 1 year or ≥2 in 6 months) and to assess advanced testing utilization, preventive therapy use, and risk factors. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review of women seen as new urogynecology consults for recurrent UTI (rUTI) between April 1, 2017, and April 1, 2018, followed through April 1, 2019. Exclusion criteria included catheter use, cancer treatment within 2 years, and prior organ transplant, urinary diversion, conduit, or bladder augmentation. RESULTS Of 600 women, 71% had follow-up with a median of 179 days. Urinary tract infection symptoms included frequency (50%), dysuria (46%), urgency (43%), and malodorous urine (7%). One third met the rUTI diagnostic criteria. Two hundred thirty-four (39%) underwent advanced testing, and 9% (21/234) of women who underwent advanced testing had a change in clinical care. Preventive therapy use increased after consultation (P < 0.001), with vaginal estrogen (47%) being most common. Compared with women not meeting the rUTI criteria, women meeting the rUTI criteria were more likely to be older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.03/year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.04), have a prior history of gynecologic cancer (aOR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.02-16.25), or report UTI symptoms of dysuria (aOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.57-3.27), or malodorous urine (aOR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.47-5.94) and, while equally likely to be receiving preventive treatment prior to consultation, were more likely after consultation (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.05-4.55). DISCUSSION Thirty-seven percent of women seen for rUTI met the diagnostic criteria. Advanced imaging rarely changed care. Education about diagnostic criteria and preventive therapy is warranted.
Communicating corporate LGBTQ advocacy: A computational comparison of the global CSR discourse

Abstract Corporations are increasingly engaging with political and social issues through corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, in new areas such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ) advocacy. Informed by institutional theory and stakeholder theory, this article systematically, comparatively, and computationally examines the intersection of LGBTQ advocacy and CSR communication. In particular, it contributes to the literature by (1) examining the global LGBTQ CSR discourse constructed by Fortune Global 500 companies (136,820 words) with semantic network analysis and structural topic modeling; (2) surveying non-profit organizations’ guidelines and comparing corporate values with them; and (3) exploring how stakeholder expectations and institutional factors influence CSR communication. Results indicate 6 corporate topics and 9 non-profit topics, which were explicated by referencing organizations’ original writing. It is further shown that stakeholder expectations and institutional factors not only affect whether or not corporations report LGBTQ efforts, but also affect what topics they highlight in CSR reports. Corporations in democratic countries with substantial stakeholder expectations emphasize areas that need high investment and exceed legal obligations.
Universal use of alpha/beta mode in liquid scintillation counting analysis for both alpha/beta and single nuclide determination

Nuclear industry advancements and growing concerns about environmental contamination and terrorist activity have increased interest in quantifying radioisotopes in environmental and human samples. Increased presence in the environment, ease of entry into the food chain, nuclear medicine applications, and the possibility of radiological terrorism incidents can lead to human intake of these radionuclides (Radionuclides/Radiation Protection/US EPA (2020). https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radionuclides ; Radiation from the Earth (Terrestrial Radiation) (2015) Radiation and Your Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7 December. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/terrestrial.html ). A universal method to screen for and quantify individual radionuclides as well as both levels of alpha and beta emitters would address these concerns.
“I Was a Game or a Fetish Object”: Diverse Bisexual Women’s Sexual Assault Experiences and Effects on Bisexual Identity

Utilizing minority stress theory and intersectionality framework, this qualitative content analysis explored sexual assault experiences among 532 diverse bisexual women and gender expansive people....
Differences in Outcome Between Open vs Laparoscopic Insertion of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts.

BACKGROUND Abdominal access during ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion has historically been obtained by neurosurgeons via an open abdominal approach. With recent advances in laparoscopy, neurosurgeons frequently consult general surgery for aid during the procedure. The goal of this study is to identify if laparoscopic assistance improves the overall outcomes of the procedure. METHODS This retrospective study included all patients who underwent open or laparoscopic VP shunt placement between September 2012 and August 2020 at our tertiary referral hospital. Patient demographics, comorbidities, prior history of abdominal surgery, open vs. laparoscopic insertion, operation time, and complications within 30 days were obtained. RESULTS Neurosurgery placed 107 shunts using an open abdominal technique and general surgery placed 78 using laparoscopy. The average OR time in minutes was 75.5 minutes for the open cohort and 61.8 for the laparoscopic cohort (p = 0.006). In patients without a history of abdominal surgery, the average OR time in minutes was 79.4 in the open cohort and 57.1 in the laparoscopic cohort (p = 0.015). The postoperative shunt infection rate was 10.2% in the open group and 3.8% in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.077). DISCUSSION Laparoscopic placement of VP shunts is a reasonable alternative to open placement and results in shorter OR times. There is also a trend toward few infections in the laparoscopic placement. There appears to be an advantage with a team approach and laparoscopic placement of the peritoneal portion of the shunt.
Living alone in Japan: Relationships with happiness and health

Background One-person households are the most common type of household in Japan, but relatively little is known about the causes and potential consequences of the rise in solo living in young adulthood. Objective I address two questions: What accounts for the rise in one-person households in young adulthood? How is solo living in young adulthood related to well-being? Methods I use census data to evaluate how much of the growth in one-person households at ages 20-39 between 1985 and 2010 is explained by change in marital behavior and how much is explained by other factors. I then use data from the 2000-2010 rounds of the Japanese General Social Survey to examine whether and why men and women living alone differ from those living with others in terms of happiness and self-rated health. Results Results of the first set of analyses indicate that changes in marital behavior explain all of the increase in one-person households for men and three-fourths of the increase for women. Results of the second set of analyses indicate that those living alone are significantly less happy than those living with others, whereas the two groups do not differ with respect to self-rated health. The observed differences in happiness are not explained by differences in subjective economic well-being or social integration. Conclusions The relatively small magnitude of estimated differences in happiness and health provides little evidence to suggest that the projected rise in one-person households is likely to play a significant role in contributing to lower levels of well-being among young adults in Japan.
Nasal epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma: An unusual cause of epiphora, a case report and review of the literature.

Epiphora results from an imbalance between tear production and drainage.1 Epiphora is four times more common in women than in men,2 and its prevalence ranges from 9% to 10% at 50 years old to 35–40% at 90 years old.3 The differential diagnosis for epiphora is broad and includes reflex tearing from dry eye, with compensatory hypersecretion,4 poor tear distribution due to altered blink dynamics and lid malposition,5 and defective tear drainage from stenosis of the nasolacrimal drainage system.6 The etiology of nasolacrimal duct obstruction may be primary (idiopathic)7 or secondary, due to a variety of causes, including local inflammation or fibrosis (e.g., iodine-131 therapy,8 glaucoma drops,9 rhinosinusitis10), systemic inflammatory disease (e.g., Wegener granulomatosis,11 sarcoidosis12), facial trauma,13 previous sinonasal surgery,14–18 or nasolacrimal system19,20 or sinonasal20 neoplasia. Sinonasal neoplasms comprise <1% of all malignancies and <3% of all malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract,21 and they have been estimated to occur at an incidence of 0.556 cases per 100,000 population per year.22 Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare type of tumor that predominantly occurs in the salivary glands23 but also occurs rarely in the nasal cavity. Previous cases of EMC of the nasal cavity have been described as presenting only with nasal symptoms.24–31 Herein, we reviewed the previously reported cases of EMC of the nasal cavity and present, to our knowledge, the first reported case of a patient with EMC presenting as unilateral epiphora.
Parent-Teacher Cooperation in Schools Serving the Urban Poor

(1988). Parent-Teacher Cooperation in Schools Serving the Urban Poor. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 108-112.
Injury Mechanisms in Rollover Collisions

This paper presents conclusions of a study of rollover collisions and the injuries resulting from them. The injury severity, the type of injury, the body region injured, the frequency of injury, and the injury mechanism are all indicated. The study includes statistics on both restrained and unrestrained occupants, and shows that ejected occupants usually sustain more severe injury than contained occupants. Several conclusions are presented as to automobile structures in relation to injury.
A Tale of Two Judges: A Judge Advocate's Reflections on Judge Gonzales's Apologia

This is a response to - and reflection about - Judge Alberto Gonzales's essay in the Texas Tech Law Review entitled "Waging War Within the Constitution" 42 Tex. Tech. L. Rev. 843 (2010). It argues that national security law policy in an era of complex challenges is best designed when the expertise of the widest number of knowledgeable practictioners is brought to bear in a principled and fearless manner.
Food Intake Is Inversely Correlated with Central Nervous System Histamine Receptor (H1) Concentrations in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed Normal, Low Protein, Low Energy or Poor Quality Protein Diets

The reported studies were designed to examine relationships between whole-brain histamine receptors (H 1 ) and food intake in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Three different experiments were conducted. In each experiment, control rats were fed normal protein (25 g casein/100 g food) and normal metabolizable energy (16.21 kJ /100 g food) diets. Feeding low protein diets (1 g casein/100 g food) elevated central H 1 receptor concentrations (P < 0.0027) and reduced voluntary food intake (P < 0.007) compared with normal diets. Feeding low energy diets lowered H 1 receptor concentrations (P < 0.0089) and increased voluntary food intake (P < 0.0012). Low quality protein diets also affected the central nervous histaminergic system. Whole-brain H 1 receptor concentrations were significantly higher for rats fed low quality protein (25 g gelatin/100 g food) compared with rats fed casein (P < 0.0001). Rats fed medium quality protein (25 g wheat gluten/100 g food) or low quality protein ate significantly less food (P < 0.0001). In all experiments, dietary manipulation affected central histamine receptors. Elevated concentrations of H 1 receptors were associated with a decrease in food intake whereas lowered concentrations of H 1 receptors were associated with an increase in food intake (P < 0.001). The results of these experiments support the hypothesis that central histamine H 1 receptor concentrations in male rats are inversely correlated with voluntary food intake and affected by dietary composition. .
Reducing the pain of intramuscular benzathine penicillin injections in the rheumatic fever population of Counties Manukau District Health Board

Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of lignocaine and a vibrating device with cold pack (Buzzy) for pain management of intramuscular (IM) benzathine penicillin injections in the rheumatic fever (RF) population of Counties Manukau District Health Board (CMDHB). Methods Four hundred and five RF patients receiving four weekly injections in the CMDHB region were offered 0.25 mL of lignocaine 2% and Buzzy for pain management of their injections. The lignocaine was mixed in with the benzathine penicillin prior to administration. A pre and post survey assessed pain scores during, 2-min and 1-h post administration and the following day. Questions assessing fear were also included. Results In total 49% of patients responded to the survey. There were 118 surveys paired pre and post intervention. Pain at injection delivery and fear scores were higher for participants ≤13 years of age. Overall pain scores were significantly reduced over all four time points. There was also a significant reduction in fear of the injections. Lignocaine and Buzzy resulted in a greater reduction in pain than lignocaine alone, only when the injection was being administered to those ≤13 years. After five months, a file audit showed that 66% of all RF patients of CMDHB were choosing to use lignocaine and 43% were choosing to use Buzzy. In total, 71% of all RF patients were choosing one or both of these analgesic interventions. Conclusion This study demonstrates a clinically important reduction in the subjective experience of pain when two analgesic interventions were offered with IM delivery of benzathine penicillin. These pain reduction strategies have been popular in the RF population of CMDHB with a 71% uptake and a corresponding reduction in pain and fear.
Proper Palliative Care Should Reduce Requests for Euthanasia and Physician-assisted Suicide

Dr. Foley's presentation is eloquent and particu­ larly timely. As seen by last November's elec­ tion results, including a referendum legalizing physician-assisted suicide in Oreqon,' the pub­ lic is deeply split regarding this issue. We agree whole­ heartedly with her central message, namely that "improved physician-patient communication, respect for patient-centered care, better physician judgment to with­ draw or withhold care and familiarity with the principles and practices of palliative care would definitely reduce the need to legalize physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia:' Dr. Foley emphasizes the theme that no patient should wish for euthanasia because of inadequate treatment of pain. It is a primary responsibility of physicians and other caregivers to ensure that patients do not request to die because of unrelieved paln." Excessive emphasis on euthanasia in many cases has distracted patients and health providers from the manageable task of providing optimal management of pain and other symptoms. Dr. Foley reviews the experience in the Netherlands and points out the dangers of a "slippery slope" inherent in legalization of euthanasia.':' Certain aspects of the expe­ rience in the Netherlands reinforce this concern. One sur­ vey reported that approximately two thirds of nursing home residents in Holland were afraid that their doctors may one day kill them. Involuntary euthanasia has not been rare, and has been applied both to the elderly and to
Surgical Management of Cosmetic Mucogingival Defects

Mucogingival conditions are deviations from the normal anatomic relationship between the gingival margin and the mucogingival junction. Mucogingival surgery is plastic surgery designed to correct defects in the gingiva surrounding the teeth. Common mucogingival conditions are recession, absence, or reduction of keratinized tissue, and probing depths extending beyond the mucogingival junction. Surgical techniques used to augment cosmetic mucogingival defects include the free gingival autograft, the subepithelial connective tissue graft, rotational flaps, lateral sliding flaps, coronally repositioned flaps, and the use of acellular dermal matrix grafts.
Direct access to the cooperative substructure of proteins and the protein ensemble via cold denaturation.

The modern view of protein thermodynamics predicts that proteins undergo cold-induced unfolding. Unfortunately, the properties of proteins and water conspire to prevent the detailed observation of this fundamental process. Here we use protein encapsulation to allow cold denaturation of the protein ubiquitin to be monitored by high-resolution NMR at temperatures approaching −35 °C. The cold-induced unfolding of ubiquitin is found to be highly noncooperative, in distinct contrast to the thermal melting of this and other proteins. These results demonstrate the potential of cold denaturation as a means to dissect the cooperative substructures of proteins and to provide a rigorous framework for testing statistical thermodynamic treatments of protein stability, dynamics and function.
ON CHARACTERISTIC AREA OF STEINER TREE

We present a definition of characteristic area and inner spanning tree to accommodate the proof of Du and Hwang for Gilbert–Pollak conjecture on the Steiner ratio in the Euclidean plane.
Effect of Anions on Model Aluminum-Adjuvant-Containing Vaccines

Abstract The effect of adding phosphate, sulfate, or nitrate anions to model aluminum-adjuvant-containing vaccines at pH 7.4 was studied. Three different aluminum phosphate adjuvants were used that had phosphate to aluminum molar ratios of 1.31, 1.18, and 0.58. One aluminum hydroxide adjuvant was used. The isoelectric points of the adjuvants were inversely related to the degree of phosphate substitution for hydroxyl. The addition of phosphate anion and to a lesser degree sulfate anion caused additional adsorption of positively charged lysozyme by a model vaccine composed of lysozyme adsorbed by aluminum phosphate adjuvant. The addition of phosphate anions and to a lesser degree sulfate anions caused desorption of negatively charged ovalbumin from a model vaccine composed of ovalbumin adsorbed by aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Nitrate anions had no effect on either model vaccine. The effect of phosphate or sulfate anions did not change as the model lysozyme-aluminum phosphate vaccine aged, but it decreased with time in the model ovalbumin-aluminum hydroxide vaccine. The effect of phosphate or sulfate anions in producing desorption was also influenced by the amount of adsorbed protein. More desorption occurred when the ovalbumin concentration was at the plateau region. The adsorption of phosphate anions was found to lower the isoelectric point of both adjuvants. Thus, one mechanism acting to produce adsorption or desorption may be an increase in the negative surface charge of the aluminum-containing adjuvants. This in turn decreased the electrostatic interaction with negatively charged proteins and increased the electrostatic interaction with positively charged proteins.
Absorption coefficients of dental enamel in the infrared: a solution to a seemingly straightforward problem

Infrared lasers have been investigated for the modification and ablation of dental hard tissue. Understanding the laser- tissue interaction relies on accurate determination of the optical properties of the tissue. Biological tissues absorb strongly in the infrared region of the spectrum at wavelengths resonant with vibrational absorption bands. In these regions scattering is negligible, therefore only the absorption coefficient and the reflectance are necessary to describe the laser energy deposition in the tissue. Measurement of absorption coefficients is a seemingly simple problem that presents many difficulties when a brittle material such as dental enamel is highly absorbing in the spectral region of interest. Disintegration of dental enamel ensues as a result of fracture before the sample is thin enough to allow direct transmission experiments to determine absorption coefficients at highly absorbing wavelengths (9.3 and 9.6 micrometer). Time resolved radiometric measurements combined with computer modeling of heat deposition and redistribution was used to estimate the absorption coefficient of enamel at various wavelengths in the infrared. This technique allows determination of absorption coefficients in regions not accessible to direct transmission measurements. Problems with the radiometric method and solutions to those problems are presented. The absorption coefficient at 9.6 micrometer was determined to be 5000 cm -1 plus or minus 1000 cm -1 .
Trade and Exchange among the Mohawk-Iroquois: A Trace Element Analysis of Ceramic Smoking Pipes:

This study reports the results of a trace element analysis of Mohawk-Iroquois ceramics. The objective of the research was an attempt to identify trade ceramics, specifically ceramic smoking pipes, in Mohawk assemblages. Over 400 ceramic artifacts were analyzed using an X-ray fluorescence technique to determine their trace element compositions. Control samples of pottery were utilized to demonstrate differences in the elemental composition of regional clay resources, and ceramic pipes of known provenience were then identified as to their probable region of origin. The results indicate that ceramic pipes were common trade items among the Mohawk. The trade and exchange of pipes is interpreted as a phenomenon of Iroquois gift giving and reciprocity involving a material class of important symbolic value.
Strong shift equivalence of Boolean and positive rational matrices

Abstract Firstly, we show that two primitive Boolean matrices are strong shift equivalent if and only if the Boolean traces of each of their powers are equal. Secondly, we prove that if two matrices over Q+ are strong shift equivalent through positive matrices over R+, then they are strong shift equivalent through matrices over Q+.