cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Early (tweet-ing) Bird Spreads the Worm: An Assessment of Twitter for Malware Propagation

Social Networks have rapidly become one of the most used Internet based applications. The structure and ease of information dissemination provides an opportunity for adversaries to use it for their own malicious purpose. In this paper we investigate a popular social network – Twitter as a malware propagation medium. We present a basic model for Twitter-based malware propagation using epidemic theory. Our analysis shows that even with a low degree of connectivity and a low probability of clicking links, Twitter and its structure can be exploited to infect many nodes.
Taxane diterpenes 1. Control of relative and absolute stereochemistry in intramolecular pyrylium ylide-alkene cyclizations for the synthesis of taxol precursors

Intramolecular pyrylium ylide-alkene cyclizations provide control of the absolute stereochemistry at the crucial C-19 angular methyl group, and leads to bicyclo[5.4.03,8]undecenones that contain the structural elements of the B/C rings of the taxanes.
The moderating effect of environmental dynamism on the ownership and performance relationship

Agency theory posits a positive relationship between insider ownership and organizational performance. Past empirical studies examining this issue have not firmly established this relationship. The current study postulates and tests the moderating effect of environmental dynamism on the insider ownership and performance nexus. Implications and future research directions are considered. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ophthalmology's botanical heritage.

Abstract Many of today's important ophthalmic pharmaceuticals have a rich ethnobotanical history. Solanaceous plants, the source of atropine, have contributed to medical therapy since the beginning of Western civilization. The botanical source of physostigmine played a pivotal role as an ordeal poison in the culture of Old Calabar, West Africa. Native peoples of Amazonia treasured plants containing pilocarpine as panaceas because of their impressive diaphoretic effect. Nineteenth century scientists examining these plants because of their folkloric reputations discovered their active compounds and documented their physiological effects. Ophthalmologists such as Argyll Robertson, Laqueur, and Weber built upon this research to bring these pharmaceuticals into therapeutic use. The ongoing loss of the world's tropical rain forests thereatens to destroy a vast storehouse of untested biological compounds.
Pyuria among chronically incontinent but otherwise asymptomatic nursing home residents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of pyuria and its relationship to bacteriuria in a representative sample of chronically incontinent nursing home residents. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive case series. SETTING: Six nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred fourteen chronically incontinent, but otherwise asymptomatic, nursing home residents who were enrolled in a clinical intervention trial for urinary incontinence. MEASURES: Two hundred fourteen urine specimens were collected by a validated clean catch technique. Each specimen underwent dipstick testing for leukocyte esterase, microscopic urinalysis to determine the number of white blood cells per high power field of centrifuged urine, and quantitative urine culture using standard laboratory techniques. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of pyuria was 45%, as defined by > 10 white blood cells per high field of spun urine, and the overall prevalence of bacteriuria was 43%, as defined by the growth of >100,000 colony forming units of a urinary pathogen. Fifty-nine percent of the specimens with bacteriuria and 34% of the specimens without bacteriuria had pyuria. Of specimens with pyuria, 56% had bacteriuria, and of specimens without pyuria, 31% had bacteriuria. When any color change on the leukocyte esterase pad was considered positive, this finding had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 52% for pyuria on microscopic urinalysis. CONCLUSIONS: Pyuria is common among chronically incontinent nursing home residents, both in the presence and absence of bacteriuria. Clinicians must therefore be cautious in interpreting the presence of pyuria to indicate symptomatic infection in this population. Using pyuria to determine the need for antimicrobial treatment could result in unnecessary expense and morbidity as well as contribute to the development of resistant organisms in nursing homes. Research is needed to define pyuria better, to determine its prevalence and relationship to bacteriuria among nursing home residents with symptoms of acute urinary tract infection, and to elucidate the etiology and significance of sterile pyuria in this population. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:420–423, 1996.
The Venus ashen light: Results of the 1988 observing campaign

Abstract An observing campaign, primarily involving amateur astronomers, was conducted during 1988 in an attempt to solve the centuries-old riddle of the Venus ashen light. The results of this campaign, which produced 700 nighttime observations and 190 positive sightings, are presented here. Although the campaign was successful in obtaining the desired synoptic observations, these observations cannot conclusively establish the existence of the emissions. A previously noted trend for the ashen light to occur predominantly in the dusk hemisphere of Venus, interpreted in support of a lightning mechanism, may in fact be an artifact of sampling. Positive ashen light sightings do not appear to be correlated with solar or solar wind events measured by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter, thus weakening the argument that the emissions are auroral in nature.
Carrier transport in charge-coupled devices

The transfer characteristics of charge-coupled devices have been studied by considering the transport of carriers at Si-SiO 2 interface. Good agreement between theory and experiment has been achieved by adjusting the surface mobility alone.
Supercomputing systems - A projection to 2000

Advances in computer architecture, computer science, computational methods, and constituent technologies are expected to lead to significant advances in the performance of scientific supercomputing system capabilities over the next decade. By the year 2000, single 1-in-sq dies are projected to incorporate four processors, each of which would be operating faster than 750 million instructions per second (MIPS) for a total on-chip processing performance in excess of 2000 MIPS. Scalable parallel processors can be expected to contain thousands of such multiple processor chips. In general, semiconductor performance advances appear to change about one order of magnitude every five years. Rotating magnetic memory and communications technology are not advancing as rapidly, with the result that the allocation of functions within the system configurations fo future supercomputer systems will require important changes. Availability of massively parallel heterogeneous processing capabilities should be a catalyst leading to new approaches for applications.
Integrated Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Injection Molding for the Prediction of Shrinkage and Warpage

This work employs a coupled analysis of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the polymer melt during the filling and post-filling stages of the injection-molding process and of mold cooling/heating which occurs during the entire process. Polymer melt analysis (PMA) has been carried out through a unified theoretical model implemented using a hybrid finite-element/finite-difference/control-volume numerical solution of the generalized Hele-Shaw flow of a compressible viscous fluid under non-isothermal conditions. Further, mold-cooling analysis (MCA) has been carried out utilizing a periodic heat conduction model implemented using a modified three-dimensional boundary-element method. To faithfully accommodate the effects of mold cooling on the fluid flow and heat transfer in the polymer melt, PMA and MCA have been coupled for appropriate data exchange and iterations carried out until a convergent solution for mold temperatures and for flow, pressure and temperatures within the polymer melt is obtained. The results obtained from this integrated simulation for different test cases have been compared with experimental data and a favorable agreement has been noticed. Using an illustrative example, the results are discussed in detail.
Recognition and diagnosis of breakthrough pain.

Objective. To review major clinical issues related to recognition and diagnosis of breakthrough pain. Issues. Persistent pain and breakthrough pain (BTP) are distinct clinical entities that should be recognized, diagnosed, and treated individually. BTP is common in patients with cancer and a variety of other chronic diseases. Reported incidence of BTP varies widely from 16% to 95% of those with persistent pain syndromes. Such variability is likely due to lack of a clear consensus on the definition of BTP. It is most commonly defined as an abrupt, short-lived, and intense pain that “breaks through” the around-the-clock analgesia that controls persistent pain. The three subtypes of BTP are incident, idiopathic, and end-of-dose failure. BTP also is categorized as somatic, visceral, neuropathic, or mixed. Appropriate assessment of the patient takes into consideration source, severity, pattern, subtype, and cause of pain. Successful treatment is important because BTP has a profound impact on the patient’s quality of life, as well as cost of health care. BTP is likely to be underdiagnosed and undertreated because of the lack of consensus on its definition and unwarranted concerns among health care professionals and patients about overmedicating. Additionally, and for reasons not entirely clear, many physicians and other health care providers place a low priority on pain management and underrecognize the occurrence of BTP in patients with persistent pain. Conclusion. Greater knowledge and awareness of BTP in cancer and nonmalignant conditions will lead to improved recognition and diagnosis of BTP and ultimately to more effective treatment and enhanced quality of life for these patients.
Markovian models in stratigraphic analysis

A stratigraphic section may be divided into lithologic units which in turn may be divided into beds. This paper gives a mathematical formulation of stratigraphic sections that takes these two levels into account and uses bed properties to yield the thickness and number of beds in lithologic units. The model is a semiMarkov chain in which the succession of lithologic bed types forms a Markov chain and is an independent random variable. The model is tested against stratigraphic data obtained from micrologs. There is close agreement between the observed and calculated thicknesses of lithologic units. Tests for the degree of agreement between observed and calculated numbers of beds in lithologic units are hampered by inability to observe thin beds on micrologs. Some implications of this limitation to stratigraphic analysis are noted.
Growth and Convergence in U.S. Cities

Abstract This paper uses disaggregated data from a cross section of 282 U.S. metropolitan areas to study determinants of growth and convergence in per capita incomes for several periods, within the context of highly integrated labor and capital markets. We find that the neoclassical growth model performs well in explaining intermetropolitan factor flows and convergence in per capita incomes. Our major findings are that real per capita incomes converged across U.S. metropolitan areas at the rate of about 6% a year during the period 1960-77 but slowed in more recent years, and that there is little evidence that investments by state or local governments contributed to growth in per capita incomes over the periods studied.
The yeast STE6 gene encodes a homologue of the mammalian multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein.

MAMMALIAN tumours displaying multidrug resistance overexpress a plasma membrane protein (P-glycoprotein), which is encoded by the MDR1 gene1 and apparently functions as an energy-dependent drug efflux pump. Tissue-specific expression of MDR1 and other members of the MDR gene family has been observed in normal cells2, suggesting a role for P-glycoproteins in secretion. We have isolated a gene from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes a protein very similar to mammalian P-glycoproteins. Deletion of this gene resulted in sterility of MATa, but not of MATα cells. Subsequent analysis revealed that the yeast P-glycoprotein is the product of the STE6 gene, a locus previously shown to be required in MATa cells for production of a-factor pheromone3. Our findings suggest that the STE6 protein functions to export the hydrophobic a-factor lipopeptide in a manner analogous to the efflux of hydrophobic cytotoxic drugs catalysed by the related mammalian P-glycoprotein. Thus, the evolutionarily conserved family of MDR-like genes, including the hlyB gene4 of Escherichia coli and the STE6 gene of S. cerevisiae, encodes components of secretory pathways distinct from the classical, signal sequence-dependent protein translocation system.
Source of O mode radio emissions from the dayside of Uranus

During the inbound trajectory toward Uranus, the Planetary Radio Astronomy instrument on Voyager 2 observed narrow-band smooth (n-smooth) emission at frequencies centered near 60 kHz and O-mode emission (the dayside source) in a frequency range narrowly confined around 160 kHz. Assuming empirical models of the plasma density for the dayside magnetosphere of Uranus, and using cold plasma theory together with observational constraints, ray-tracing calculations are performed to determine the source location of the O-mode emission. The dayside source appears to originate along magnetic field lines with a footprint near the north magnetic pole. Sources of nightside high-frequency broadband smooth (b-smooth) emission observed by Voyager after encounter are believed to exist near the conjugate footprint of these same field lines. This would indicate that the particle population supplying the free energy source has energies at least as high as a few keV.
Animal Metaphors and Metaphorizing Animals: An Integrated Literary, Cognitive, and Evolutionary Analysis of Making and Partaking of Stories

Humans use metaphors to explore their relationship with nature. Our ability to make and understand metaphors appears to be an automatic cognitive process, one that likely evolved along with our ability to create and understand language. Because metaphors are processed automatically, without conscious appraisal, they can be used to rapidly communicate, or manipulate. Applying theories of evolutionary psychology and cognitive science to literary texts, we explored the role of animal metaphors in the making and partaking of stories in the context of a course in environmental studies. We investigated how humans are animals and yet use culture to shield themselves from this reality. We read and analyzed literature in which animal metaphors are central, such as Honore de Balzac’s short story Passion in the Desert and Langdon Smith’s poem “Evolution.” Throughout the course, the overarching theme is that animal metaphors are powerful tools for framing our relationship with the environment and that they can be best understood in the context of humans as evolved animals.
Endothelial alterations during inhaled NO in lambs with pulmonary hypertension: implications for rebound hypertension

Clinically significant increases in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) have been noted upon acute withdrawal of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Previous studies in the normal pulmonary circulation dem...
Games and Multimedia in Foreign Language Learning -Using Back-story in Multimedia and Avatar-based Games to Engage Foreign Language Learners: A Pilot Study

We set about to facilitate the learning of basic phrases in Mandarin Chinese among US college students in an interactive online environment. We designed two interactive web-based instructional modules that included animated movies, â??listen and repeat
EXOSMOSIS IN RELATION TO INJURY AND PERMEABILITY

The time curve expressing the increase in the permeability of Nitella during the progress of death is practically the same whether derived from measurements of exosmosis or of electrical resistance.
Vector processing strategies for chemical process flowsheeting

The potential for effective vectorization of the sequential-modular, simultaneous-modular, and equation-based approaches to process flowsheeting is assessed. The last appears to be the most promising, but the required sparse matrix techniques currently used do not vectorize well. Different approaches to vectorizing the sparse matrix calculation are considered. With a good matrix reordering scheme, the most promising sparse matrix strategy for the vectorization of flowsheeting problems is the frontal method, a technique currently used primarily on finite-element problems.
Awe and Terror in the Living of the Resolution of the Polarity of Insight and Expression

SUMMARY Insight and Expression, two polar emphases in psychotherapy, are approached as inflections of the competing Apollonian and Dionysian world views. Having explored this in depth, a case is made that an embodied Gestalt approach to therapy, while decidedly Dionysian in emphasis, provides a resolution of the polarity of Insight and Expression. The resolution is through an experienced Gestalt which is constituted of Awareness and Expression. The Dionysian emphasis, however, brings with it potential awe and terror.
Gödel's conflicting approaches to effective calculability

Identifying the informal concept of effective calculability with a rigorous mathematical notion like general recursiveness or Turing computability is still viewed as problematic, and rightly so. In a 1934 conversation with Church, Godel suggested finding axioms for the notion of effective calculability and “doing something on that basis” instead of identifying effective calculability with λ-definability; that identification he found “thoroughly unsatisfactory”. He introduced in his contemporaneous Princeton lectures (Godel 1934) the class of general recursive functions through the equational calculus, but was not convinced at the time that this mathematical notion encompassed all effectively calculable functions. (See (Davis 1982) and (Sieg 1997).)
Geoinformatic approach to global nepheline syenite and carbonatite distribution: Testing a Wilson cycle model

The association of alkaline igneous rocks and carbonatites (ARCs) with intracontinental rifts has long been recognized. Deformed alkaline rocks (such as nepheline syenites) and carbonatites (DARCs), which form a small subset (<10%) of ARCs and carbonatites, have become a focus of attention since it was recognized that in some places they are associated with suture zones marking locations where oceans have closed. The association of DARCs with sutures can be readily understood in terms of the operation of the Wilson cycle in the opening and the closing of ocean basins. The Wilson cycle hypothesis for the origin of DARCs has been tested for the Proterozoic of both Africa and India. For Africa, an additional hypothesis that we have also tested is that ARCs in intracontinental rifts represent magmas made by partial melting of DARC material in the underlying mantle lithosphere. A limitation of the African and Indian studies is that they are local and regional. Only a worldwide geoinformatic study can fully test the two hypotheses. If one of the hypothesis can be invalidated that will have profound petrogenetic signifi cance. In this study, we describe our ongoing geoinformatic work on the worldwide distribution of ARCs and DARCs, including the databases, techniques, and operating procedures. To illustrate our approach, we report on a local analysis that we have carried out on the ARCs and DARCs of the Kola Peninsula in Arctic Russia.
Measurement of a model of implementation for health care: toward a testable theory

Greenhalgh et al. used a considerable evidence-base to develop a comprehensive model of implementation of innovations in healthcare organizations [1]. However, these authors did not fully operationalize their model, making it difficult to test formally. The present paper represents a first step in operationalizing Greenhalgh et al.’s model by providing background, rationale, working definitions, and measurement of key constructs. A systematic review of the literature was conducted for key words representing 53 separate sub-constructs from six of the model’s broad constructs. Using an iterative process, we reviewed existing measures and utilized or adapted items. Where no one measure was deemed appropriate, we developed other items to measure the constructs through consensus. The review and iterative process of team consensus identified three types of data that can been used to operationalize the constructs in the model: survey items, interview questions, and administrative data. Specific examples of each of these are reported. Despite limitations, the mixed-methods approach to measurement using the survey, interview measure, and administrative data can facilitate research on implementation by providing investigators with a measurement tool that captures most of the constructs identified by the Greenhalgh model. These measures are currently being used to collect data concerning the implementation of two evidence-based psychotherapies disseminated nationally within Department of Veterans Affairs. Testing of psychometric properties and subsequent refinement should enhance the utility of the measures.
Simulation of near-surface detection of objects in layered media by the BCGS-FFT method

Near-surface electromagnetic characterization of objects buried in multilayered earth is important for the detection and identification of landmines, unexploded ordnance, and underground structures. However, so far little progress has been made in the development of fast algorithms for inhomogeneous objects in a layered medium. We report an iterative technique, the stabilized biconjugate gradient fast Fourier transform (BCGS-FFT) method, that simulates near-surface detection of three-dimensional, inhomogeneous objects buried in multilayered media. The CPU time and memory cost of the BCGS-FFT method is O(NlogN) and O(N), respectively, where N is the number of unknowns. This method is significantly more efficient than method of moments. It is capable of solving large-scale electromagnetic scattering problems with an arbitrary inhomogeneous object embedded in a layered medium with an arbitrary number of layers. Examples in subsurface detection of large buried objects are shown to demonstrate the efficacy of this method. At present, the object must be located completely within one single layer in this multilayer medium, but efforts are underway to remove this limitation.
Cortical Extensions of the Limbic System

The cortex of the rat forms a smooth, relatively thin mantle over most of the structures that have been discussed thus far. Because the cortex is smooth, rather than convoluted, as in the case of animals having a more highly developed brain, the cerebral hemispheres are termed lissencephalic. The conceptual subdivision of a smooth mantle of cortex involves some technical difficulties, because there are few landmarks that can be used. Consequently, many of the subdivisions that have been made are based either on the detailed cellular structure of the layered cortex or on the juxtaposition to more clearly defined subcortical structures. The details of categorizing areas of the cortex on the basis of cellular organization go beyond the scope of this text, so the descriptions that follow will emphasize boundaries with respect to available landmarks. In most cases, though, the delineations were originally made by the careful study of cellular organization. Most notable in these types of studies are the classic descriptions of Krieg (1946) and Rose and Woolsey (1948). Additional accounts of these cortical systems and their connections may be found in articles by Clark (1932), Clark and Boggon (1933), Lorente de No (1934), Abbie (1938), Krieg (1947), Domesick (1969), and Leonard (1969).
Too Much Information Heavy Smartphone and Facebook Utilization by African American Young Adults

This article quantifies the heavy use of smartphone and Facebook among African American college students. It examines the major predictors of smartphone and Facebook overuse, including demographic and personality traits. It further explores the effect of heavy utilization of smartphone and Facebook on the academic performance of African American college students. Younger and female users spent significantly more time on their smartphones. However, excessive Facebook use was not related to gender of our participants. In terms of the prevalence rate, about 11% of the sample showed a high level of smartphone addiction and 10% scored a high level of Facebook addiction. Among personality and psychological traits, social interaction anxiety was the most important predictor of heavy utilization of smartphone and Facebook, not extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, or conscientiousness. As expected, multitasking was significantly and positively correlated with excessive smartphone and Facebook use. Surprisingl...
Stress Superposition in High-Strength Glass

The introduction of surface compression via alkali-ion exchange is frequently used to strengthen alkali-containing glass. However, previous investigators found that when starting with high-strength glass, the strength measured after exchange was significantly less than the sum of the residual compression and the starting fracture strength. Results are presented which suggest that the source of this discrepancy is surface damage produced during the heat treatment accompanying the ion-exchange process. Further, when the surface damage was removed by shallow hydrofluoric acid etching, the resulting fracture strength did approximately equal the sum of the residual stress and the high starting strength.
Feature-Based Fusion of Medical Imaging Data

The acquisition of multiple brain imaging types for a given study is a very common practice. There have been a number of approaches proposed for combining or fusing multitask or multimodal information. These can be roughly divided into those that attempt to study convergence of multimodal imaging, for example, how function and structure are related in the same region of the brain, and those that attempt to study the complementary nature of modalities, for example, utilizing temporal EEG information and spatial functional magnetic resonance imaging information. Within each of these categories, one can attempt data integration (the use of one imaging modality to improve the results of another) or true data fusion (in which multiple modalities are utilized to inform one another). We review both approaches and present a recent computational approach that first preprocesses the data to compute features of interest. The features are then analyzed in a multivariate manner using independent component analysis. We describe the approach in detail and provide examples of how it has been used for different fusion tasks. We also propose a method for selecting which combination of modalities provides the greatest value in discriminating groups. Finally, we summarize and describe future research topics.
Universal equation for Efimov states

Efimov states are a sequence of shallow three-body bound states that arise when the two-body scattering length is large. Efimov showed that the binding energies of these states can be calculated in terms of the scattering length and a three-body parameter by solving a transcendental equation involving a universal function of one variable. We calculate this universal function using effective field theory and use it to describe the three-body system of ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ atoms. We also extend Efimov's theory to include the effects of deep two-body bound states, which give widths to the Efimov states.
The Hemocompatibility of Reference Materials in Vitro — Comparative Investigation of Platelet Adhesion/Activation and Platelet Aggregability

The following materials were investigated: poly-ethylene (PE), batch number MOS 2790, thickness 50 µm. poly-propylene (PP), batch number 13 50 24 80 02, thickness 50 µm. polyether-urethane (PUR), (Pellethane 2363-90 AE) medical grade; Dow Chemical (NO L 81541 10/90 TL), batch number 910428 CENTR, thickness 250 µm. poly-vinylchloride with di-(ethyl-hexyl)-phtalat as plasticizer (PVC-D), batch number 29 858, thickness 50 µm. poly-vinylchloride with tri-(ethyl-hexyl)-trimellitat as plasticizer (PVC-T), Batch number 29 859, thickness 50 µm.
Inhibitory Control of Spanish-Speaking Language-Minority Preschool Children: Measurement and Association With Language, Literacy, and Math Skills

Children's self-regulation, including components of executive function such as inhibitory control, is related concurrently and longitudinally with elementary school children's reading and math abilities. Although several recent studies have examined links between preschool children's self-regulation or executive function and their academic skill development, few included large numbers of Spanish-speaking language-minority children. Among the fastest growing segments of the U.S. school-age population, many of these children are at significant risk of academic difficulties. We examined the relations between inhibitory control and academic skills in a sample containing a large number of Spanish-speaking preschoolers. Overall, the children demonstrated substantial academic risk based on preschool-entry vocabulary scores in the below-average range. Children completed assessments of language, literacy, and math skills in English and Spanish, when appropriate, at the start and end of their preschool year, along with a measure of inhibitory control, the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task, which was administered at the start of the preschool year in the child's dominant conversational language. Scores on this last measure were lower for children for whom it was administered in Spanish. For both English and Spanish outcomes, those scores were significantly and uniquely associated with higher scores on measures of phonological awareness and math skills but not vocabulary or print knowledge skills.
Combining Deep Learning with Information Retrieval to Localize Buggy Files for Bug Reports (N)

Bug localization refers to the automated process of locating the potential buggy files for a given bug report. To help developers focus their attention to those files is crucial. Several existing automated approaches for bug localization from a bug report face a key challenge, called lexical mismatch, in which the terms used in bug reports to describe a bug are different from the terms and code tokens used in source files. This paper presents a novel approach that uses deep neural network (DNN) in combination with rVSM, an information retrieval (IR) technique. rVSM collects the feature on the textual similarity between bug reports and source files. DNN is used to learn to relate the terms in bug reports to potentially different code tokens and terms in source files and documentation if they appear frequently enough in the pairs of reports and buggy files. Our empirical evaluation on real-world projects shows that DNN and IR complement well to each other to achieve higher bug localization accuracy than individual models. Importantly, our new model, HyLoc, with a combination of the features built from DNN, rVSM, and project's bug-fixing history, achieves higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art IR and machine learning techniques. In half of the cases, it is correct with just a single suggested file. Two out of three cases, a correct buggy file is in the list of three suggested files.
Refusal clauses and the weldon amendment: inherently unconstitutional and a dangerous precedent.

Immediately after her sexual assault examination at a local hospital, the victim drove to a nearby drugstore to fill her prescription for the morning after pill to prevent her from becoming pregnan...
Examining the Impact of QuickReads' Technology and Print Formats on Fluency, Comprehension, and Vocabulary Development for Elementary Students

ABSTRACTNational reports reveal one third of American fourth graders read below basic level on measures of comprehension. One critical component of comprehension is fluency: rapid, accurate, expressive reading with automaticity and prosody. Many fluency studies and classroom interventions focus only on reading rate, but this alone is not sufficient. This experimental study focused on QuickReads, which uses science and social studies texts to build reading fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. We explored the impact of QuickReads in print-only and print + technology formats for 1,484 students in second through fifth grades. Using hierarchical linear modeling with pre–post design, we found significant gains in fluency, comprehension, and vocabulary for students in all grades using either QuickReads format over control. Results generalized across achievement groups, ethnicities, and ELL levels. Implementation measures indicated high teacher fidelity to intervention techniques, lending robustness to student...
ECG adaptive wavelet transform of denoising algorithm based on morphology

The ratio of signal noise is lower.In order to eliminate the noise in ECG,improve the performance of ECG monitors and increase the diagnosis efficiency of computer-aided systems,various kinds of noise rejection methods are proposed.Since there are some shorting with general denoising algorithms,an adaptive wavelet transform of ECG denoising algorithm based on morphology is proposed to improve the shorting.The algorithm removes the baseline drift of the incoming ECG signals with morphology filter,then an adaptive thresh of wavelet transform filter it again,the reconstructed ECG signals is obtained.The experiment proves that the algorithm is effective.
Prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis and associated risk factors among people receiving voluntary counsel and test for HIV in Fengtai,Beijing,2010- 2012

Objective To learn about the prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis as well as associated risk factors among the people receiving voluntary counsel and test( VCT) for HIV in Beijing. Methods HIV test,rapid plasma reagin test(RPR) and questionnaire survey were conducted among the people receiving VCT for HIV in Fengtai district,Beijing from 2010 to 2012. Results The infection rate of HIV was 2. 1%,1. 5% and 5. 3% and the prevalence of syphilis was 3. 9%,2. 2% and 8. 1%,respectively,in 2010,2011 and 2012. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male,syphilis infection,blood transfusion /blood product use,injecting drug use,sex with HIV positive spouse /sex partner and sex between men were the major risk factors for HIV infection. Conclusion Sex with HIV positive spouse or sex partner and sex between men were the main transmission routes for HIV in people receiving VCT in Fengtai. It is necessary to strengthen the health education and HIV surveillance among them.
Pulmonary abnormalities in sepsis.

With emphasis on the intelligent use of appropriate preventive measures for protection of the lungs, as well as the value of therapeutic methods available when pneumonitis becomes established in the septic patient, a review is presented of the clinical pattern of sepsis and pulmonary failure in relation to the morphologic abnormalities and the etiologic factors as they are presently understood.
Cat tracheal gland cells in primary culture

Conditions for the primary culture of isolated cat tracheal gland cells were established. Cells plated onto glutaraldehyde-fixed gels of rat tail collagen grew to confluency after 8 days of culture forming a monolayer of cuboidal cells with ultrastructural characteristics of epithelial cells and immunoreactivity to antikeratins. Cultured cells synthesized and released radiolabeled high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates. Glycoconjugate secretion was increased approximately 10% in response to the cholinergic agonist, carbachol. Secretion of glycoconjugates was unrelated to regulated exocrine secretion, since these cells were devoid of secretion granules as assessed by light and electron microscopy. Confluent cultures also generated a spontaneous potential difference and short-circuit current, which were both inhibited by ouabain and increased by carbachol. This suggested gland cells contribute to fluid secretion by active ion-transport mechanisms. We also plated cells onto unfixed collagen gels that were released from the culture dish at confluency. Cells were columnar with apically oriented secretion granules that stained with alcian blue and for blood group A immunoreactivity. Secretion of radiolabeled high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates was increased 27% by carbachol. These cell culture systems may serve as models to investigate glandular secretory mechanisms and their regulation.
Molecular Assembly of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Complex

Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates a wide variety of physiological processes, including ATP production and cell death. Rapid Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria is mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, which is composed of the pore forming MCU protein, and the regulatory proteins EMRE, and MICU1/MICU2. Currently, the submitochondrial localization and transmembrane orientation of these proteins are either unknown or under debate. We attack these issues using a classical thiol-modification approach. We removed native MCU complex proteins in HEK293 cells using CRISPR/Cas9, and reintroduced mutants containing a single cysteine at defined positions. Treatments of the mitoplast with a bulky, thiol-reactive compound polyethylene glycol (PEG) maleimide would alter the molecular weight of the protein if the engineered Cys is exposed to the intermembrane space. Using this strategy along with other biochemical methods, we demonstrated that (1) MCU adopts an orientation with the signature DIME motif facing intermembrane space (IMS), (2) the conserved C-terminal polyaspartic tail of EMRE is in the IMS, (3) both MICU1 and MICU2 are associated with the outer leaflet of the inner membrane, and (4) although MICU1 is a peripheral membrane protein, MICU2 is an integral component of the inner membrane. Then, applying domain interaction analysis and mutagenesis screening, we identified molecular contacts that govern the Ca2+ transport behavior of the MCU complex. In particular, we demonstrate that EMRE interacts with MCU through the transmembrane helices to activate the Ca2+ pore, while using the polyaspartic tail to recruit MICU1/2 to gate the pore. This dual functionality of EMRE ensures that all functional MCU complexes respond appropriately to Ca2+ stimuli from the cytosol, safeguarding against dangerous Ca2+ leakage, which could diminish mitochondrial energy output and potentially trigger apoptotic cell death.
CD73s protection of epithelial integrity: Thinking beyond the barrier

The prevailing view of CD73 in cancer is that it is overexpressed in tumors and promotes cancer progression by dampening local T cell-mediated immune responses. We recently found that CD73 is down-regulated in poorly-differentiated and advanced stage endometrial carcinoma compared to normal endometrium and well-differentiated, early stage tumors. We revealed that CD73-generated adenosine induces a physiological response to protect epithelial integrity in well-differentiated, early stage endometrial carcinoma. The ability of CD73-generated adenosine to protect the barrier is not so different from its ability to induce immunosuppression and other physiological responses in cancerous tissues. In this commentary we examine the complexity of CD73 in cancer and suggest that a "one size fits all" approach to the role of CD73/adenosine in cancer is no longer warranted. Given that tumors often hijack normal cellular responses, we also provide consideration on how CD73s known role to protect barrier function may have implications in promoting tumor progression.
Extended trochanteric osteotomy in complex primary total hip arthroplasty. A brief note.

Background: The extended trochanteric osteotomy has been a useful approach for patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty; however, it has not been well described as an approach for those undergoing complex primary total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of the present report is to describe our experience with the use of an extended trochanteric osteotomy for patients undergoing complex primary total hip arthroplasty. Methods: Six patients underwent primary total hip arthroplasty with use of an extended trochanteric osteotomy. The reasons for the use of this technique included severe femoral deformity, removal of intraosseous hardware, and high-riding developmental hip dysplasia. A fully porous-coated femoral component with diaphyseal fixation was used for all reconstructions. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was fifty-six years. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed at a minimum of two years. Results: After a mean duration of follow-up of fifty months, all patients had an osseointegrated, stable femoral component. The site of the extended trochanteric osteotomy healed in five of the six patients. One patient had nonunion at the osteotomy site and a fracture at the base of the greater trochanter, with a subsequent fracture of the femoral component. The mean Merle D'Aubigne and Postel pain and walking scores improved from 2.2 and 2.3 preoperatively to 5.3 and 4.7 at the time of the final follow-up (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The extended trochanteric osteotomy is useful for the correction of femoral deformity and facilitates the removal of intraosseous hardware in carefully selected patients undergoing complex primary total hip arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Class Politics in the (Re) Making of Space: Displacing the Urban Poor in Kolkata, India:

In the wake of the neoliberal turn in India, the focus on urban areas has gained importance in the planning process at various geographical scales. Urban space making and restructuring processes ar...
Prevalence of Chagas Disease in the Latin American-born Population of Los Angeles.

Background According to an estimate from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Chagas disease (CD) may affect 1.31% of Latin American immigrants in the United States, with >300 000 cases. However, there is a lack of real-world data to support this estimate. Little is known about the actual prevalence of this neglected tropical disease in the United States, and the bulk of those infected are undiagnosed. Methods From April 2008 to May 2014, we screened 4,755 Latin American-born residents of Los Angeles County. Blood samples were tested for serologic evidence of CD. We collected demographic data and assessed the impact of established risk factors on CD diagnosis, including sex, country of origin, housing materials, family history of CD, and awareness of CD. Results There were 59 cases of CD, for an overall prevalence of 1.24%. Prevalence was highest among Salvadorans (3.45%). Of the 3,182 Mexican respondents, those from Oaxaca (4.65%) and Zacatecas (2.2%) had the highest CD prevalence. Salvadoran origin (aOR = 6.2; 95% CI = 2.8-13.5; P Conclusions In the largest screening of CD in the United States to date outside of blood banks, we found a CD prevalence of 1.24%. This implies >30 000 people infected in Los Angeles County alone, making CD an important public health concern. Efficient, targeted surveillance of CD may accelerate diagnosis and identify candidates for early treatment.
A Phase I/II Trial of Panobinostat in Combination With Lenalidomide in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Abstract Background Lenalidomide and panobinostat have shown single-agent efficacy of 14% to 50% and 27% to 58%, respectively, in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). This phase I/II study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and efficacy of lenalidomide combined with panobinostat in relapsed/refractory HL. Patients and Methods In the phase I trial, previously treated patients with classical or lymphocyte-predominant HL received escalating doses of lenalidomide on days 1 to 21 and panobinostat 3 times a week (TIW) every 28 days. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined during cycle 1. When the MTD was determined, a phase II study was conducted to determine overall response (OR). Results Twenty-four patients enrolled; 11 in the phase I and 13 in phase II portions. No DLTs were observed but 2 patients who received 25 mg lenalidomide and 20 mg panobinostat experienced neutropenia and thrombocytopenia > 14 days in cycle 2, leading to selection of 25 mg lenalidomide on days 1 to 21 and 15 mg panobinostat TIW for the phase II dose. In all 24 patients, Grade 3 to 4 toxicities consisted of neutropenia (58%), thrombocytopenia (42%), lymphopenia (25%), and febrile neutropenia (25%). OR was 16.7% (2 complete response [CR] and 2 partial response). One patient with CR had lymphocyte-predominant HL and received 22 cycles. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.8 and 16.4 months, respectively. Conclusion Although the combination of panobinostat and lenalidomide appears safe in patients with relapsed/refractory HL, the limited efficacy and significant rates of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia observed do not support further evaluation of this combination in HL.
Uncertain Logic Processing: logic-based inference and reasoning using Dempster–Shafer models

Abstract First order logic lies at the core of many methods in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. Although important efforts have been made to extend first order logic to the task of handling uncertainty, existing solutions are sometimes limited by the way they model uncertainty, or simply by the complexity of the problem formulation. These approaches could be strengthened by adding more flexibility in assigning probabilities (e.g., through intervals) and a more rigorous method of assigning probability/uncertainty measures. In this paper we present the basic theory of Uncertain Logic Processing (ULP), a robust framework for modeling and inference when information is available in the form of first order logic formulas subject to uncertainty. Dempster–Shafer (DS) theory provides the substrate for uncertainty modeling in the proposed ULP formulation. ULP can be tuned to preserve consistency with classical logic, allowing it to incorporate typical inference rules and properties, while preserving the strength of DS theory for representing and manipulating uncertainty.
Attending physicians' and residents' attitudes and beliefs about prescribing buprenorphine at an urban teaching hospital.

Background and Objectives: Opioid abuse and dependence are increasing. Pharmacotherapy with an opioid agonist reduces adverse consequences of opioid dependency. Physicians can now prescribe buprenorphine for opioid dependency in the primary care setting. This study assessed primary care providers’ attitudes and beliefs about opioid addiction treatment with buprenorphine. Methods: Ninety-nine resident and attending physicians from six ambulatory clinics associated with a university hospital were interviewed with an adapted questionnaire eliciting attitudes and beliefs about opioid addiction treatment options, including buprenorphine. Results: While only 37.8% of respondents believed primary care providers should prescribe buprenorphine, and 35.7% reported interest in prescribing buprenorphine, 72.1% were willing to prescribe it with training and support. Common training/support needs were buprenorphine education/training (83.8%), available consultation (19.2%), and on-site counselors (18.2%). The most frequent reasons for not prescribing buprenorphine were lack of knowledge or training (47.5%) and lack of time (25.3%). Physicians involved in primary care-oriented programs (versus non-primary care programs) were more likely to have positive attitudes regarding buprenorphine. Conclusions: Most physicians would be willing to prescribe buprenorphine with proper training and support. Barriers and training/support needs must be addressed to develop effective opioid addiction treatment programs in the primary care setting.