cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple imputation inference for multivariate multilevel continuous data with ignorable non-response

Methods specifically targeting missing values in a wide spectrum of statistical analyses are now part of serious statistical thinking due to many advances in computational statistics and increased awareness among sophisticated consumers of statistics. Despite many advances in both theory and applied methods for missing data, missing-data methods in multilevel applications lack equal development. In this paper, I consider a popular inferential tool via multiple imputation in multilevel applications with missing values. I specifically consider missing values occurring arbitrarily at any level of observational units. I use Bayesian arguments for drawing multiple imputations from the underlying (posterior) predictive distribution of missing data. Multivariate extensions of well-known mixed-effects models form the basis for simulating the posterior predictive distribution, hence creating the multiple imputations. The discussion of these topics is demonstrated in an application assessing correlates to unmet need for mental health care among children with special health care needs.
Acoustic emission during fracture of short glass fiber reinforced poly(vinyl chloride)

The fracture mechanics approach and acoustic emission (AE) analysis have been coupled in an investigation of slow crack growth of short fiber reinforced poly(vinyl chloride). It was found that AE occurs during less than one percent of the time of crack growth suggesting that so-called continuous crack propagation is based on discontinuous microscopic damage. The time dependence of various AE parameters exhibits a good linear relationship with crack speed. For a unit of newly created fracture surface, a constant amount of acoustic energy is released independent of crack speed. At very low speeds, below 3·10−3 mm/s, a change in mechanism from pure matrix related to fiber related crack growth is observed, which is also reflected by a change in the amplitude distribution of the AE events.
Evolving hierarchical and recursive teleo-reactive programs through genetic programming

Teleo-reactive programs and the triple tower architecture have been proposed as a framework for linking perception and action in agents. The triple tower architecture continually updates the agent's knowledge of the world and evokes actions according to teleo-reactive control structures. This paper uses block stacking problems to demonstrate how genetic programming may be used to evolve hierarchical and recursive teleo-reactive programs.
Modeling and characterization of a carbon fiber emitter for electrospray ionization

A novel microscale emitter employing a pointed carbon fiber (CF) can be used for electrospraying in mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. The carbon fiber is located coaxial with a fused silica capillary tube of 360 µ mO D and 75 µm ID with its sharp tip extending 30 µm beyond the tube terminus. The electrospray ionization (ESI) process is simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on the Taylor–Melcher leaky-dielectric fluid model for solving the electrohydrodynamics and the volume of fluid (VOF) approach for tracking the liquid–gas interface. The CFD code is first validated for a conventional geometry and then used to simulate the CF emitter based ESI model. The simulated current–flow and current–voltage results are in good agreement with experimental results for the CF emitter. The effects of emitter geometry, potential difference, flow rate and the physical properties of the liquid on the electrospray behavior of the CF emitter are thoroughly investigated. The spray current and jet diameter are correlated with the flow rate, potential difference and physical properties of the liquid and the correlation results are quantitatively compared with the results reported in the literature. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
A subset of Rosai-Dorfman disease exhibits features of IgG4-related disease.

In this study we investigated the distribution of IgG4+ plasma cells and regulatory T (T REG ) cells, a major regulator of IgG4 production, in nodal and extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). Twenty-six specimens (15 nodal, 11 extranodal) were examined, with reactive lymph nodes and site-matched extranodal specimens as controls. Overall, 84.6% (22/26) of the specimens showed various degrees of sclerosis (7 mild, 8 moderate, and 7 severe). Nineteen cases (73.1%) exhibited more than 10 IgG4+ cells/0.060 mm 2 (photographed area at ×40), and 8 cases (30.8%) showed more than 40% of IgG+ cells being IgG4+. Only 1 control case exhibited more than 10 IgG4+ cells/0.060 mm 2 (P < .05). The number of T REG cells was comparable between nodal RDD and controls, whereas extranodal RDD exhibited significantly higher numbers of T REG cells than controls. These findings demonstrate that a subset of RDD shows features of IgG4-related disease and indicate an overlap between certain aspects of the 2 diseases.
Ontologically speaking, things are …

In the first place … it will be necessary to explain what an individual substance is. It is indeed true that when several predicates are attributes of a single subject and this subject is not an attribute of another, we speak of it as an individual substance, but this is not enough, and such an explanation is merely nominal. We must therefore inquire what it is to be an attribute in reality of a certain subject. ‘What is a Thing (substance)?’ expresses two quite different problems. One belongs to ontology, the other to categorial analysis.
Internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after le fort I osteotomy: Report of a case and its management

In the treatment of maxillofacial deformities, the Le Fort I osteotomy is a widely used and versatile procedure. However, complications associated with this procedure are well described and attest to its inherent dangers. The most serious and life-threatening complications are vascular injuries. As reported in the literature, complications primarily involve injury to branches of the external carotid artery, especially the internal maxillary artery, and numerous accounts of intraoperative hemorrhages and management. Accounts of traumatic aneurysms located on branches of the external carotid also exist, yet appear to be rare occurrences. Most of these aneurysms occur in a delayed manner and are primarily associated with projectile injuries or blunt trauma. This case report describes a unique complication, a vascular injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) in a patient who underwent a Le Fort I osteotomy as part of a procedure to establish a proper maxillomandibular relationship.
Optimal control in the presence of measurement uncertainties

Linear stochastic systems optimal feedback control with application to spacecraft minimum fuel midcourse guidance problems
Irrational Women: Informed Consent and Abortion Regret

This chapter explores the law’s failure in the twenty-first century to treat pregnant women as capable of making their own decisions concerning whether to have an abortion. The Supreme Court’s 2007 decision in Gonzales v. Carhart, which upheld a federal ban on a type of second-trimester abortion that many physicians believe is safest for their patients, brought the question of women’s capacity for abortion decision-making to the forefront of public legal consciousness. In Carhart, the Court abandoned its previous deference and respect for a woman’s right to be her own decision-maker with regard to abortion and instead determined that a pregnant woman lacks capacity to make her own decisions and give informed consent to abortion-related medical treatment. According to the Court, the government may make the final decision regarding a pregnant woman’s healthcare to ensure that she realizes her “ultimate” role as a mother. This chapter recounts the contradictory history in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries of abortion law’s regard for women’s agency as decision-makers. It also argues that Carhart’s disrespect for women’s decision-making abilities unjustifiably diverges from the law’s deference to patient healthcare decision-making more generally. The unequal treatment of women as healthcare decision-makers bolsters the argument articulated by feminist legal scholars that abortion restrictions manifest sex discrimination.
Abstraction and extensibility in digital logic simulation software

Students of Computer Organization should be able to "learn by doing" at all levels of computer design. Digital logic circuitry is frequently taught using simulation software, however such platforms are often limited to exposing only a narrow range of design levels. This paper describes how, in the new multilevel simulation system DLSim 3, we are able to incorporate abstraction and extensibility to present the many levels of complex circuit designs in a single environment: from low level combinational and sequential circuits, through models of complete CPUs. Among other features, DLSim 3 is able to accomplish this by providing three different types of circuit abstraction: cards, chips, and plug-ins. Using DLSim 3, students recognize the uniformity of system structure, as well as the principles of abstraction that link the various levels of design.
Dim Bulbs: Blackouts are Rolling Through California, Why Not the Heads of State Regulators?

This opinion piece examines the politics and economics of California's failed experiment with managing electricity markets.
EVOLUTION OF CLONAL DIVERSITY IN THE PARTHENOGENETIC FLY LONCHOPTERA DUBIA.

In a cytogenetic study of the spearwinged fly Lonchoptera dubia, Stalker (1956) identified four clones on the basis of gene arrangements arising from inversions visible on the banded polytene chromosomes of ovarian nurse cells. Cytological observations have demonstrated that egg formation is automictic, and that diploidy is restored by the fusion of haploid nuclei formed in meiosis (Baud, 1973). To account for the permanent inversion heterozygosity on some or all chromosome arms in the clones, Stalker (1956) hypothesized that viable progeny normally arise from the fusion of haploid nuclei derived from different oocytes (central fusion), a process which forms a karyotype identical to that of the mother. The failure of 25% of eggs laid by flies in the laboratory to develop has been attributed to the production of lethal chromosome-arm combinations through fusion of sister nuclei (terminal fusion) or to the formation of chiasmata between the centromere and heterozygous gene arrangements (Stalker, 1956; Baud, 1973). Stalker's (1956) survey of North American populations of L. dubia showed that two or three clones commonly occur together in populations, but only at Rochester, New York, were all four clones found. In the present study, we have examined electrophoretically demonstrable allelic variation at enzyme loci in Roch-
A widely applicable type of variational integral—I: Development

Abstract A generalization of a previous treatment for dissipative systems is suggested which allows a variational integral to be formulated for any set of coupled differential equations which are to be solved simultaneously. This is illustrated for a coupled solution of the equations of motion and energy for an incompressible, simple non-Newtonian fluid. As special cases, individual solutions of the momentum and energy equations are discussed.
Decision Analysis Applied to Small Satellite Risk Management

Risk management plans improve the likelihood of mission success by identifying potential failures early and planning mitigation methods to circumvent any issues. However, in the aerospace industry to date, risk management plans have typically only been used for larger and more expensive satellites, and have rarely been applied to lower cost satellites such as CubeSats. Furthermore, existing risk management plans typically require experienced personnel and significant time to run the analysis. The CubeSat Decision Advisor tool uses components of decision theory such as decision trees, multi-attribute utility theory, and utility elicitation methods to determine the expected utility of a mitigation technique alternative. Based on the user’s value preference system, assessment of success probabilities, and resources required for a given mitigation technique, the tool suggests the course of action which will normatively yield the most value for the cost, people, and time resources required. This research creates a risk management software tool never before available, and yet easily accessible and usable, for low cost small satellite missions. The target audience is primarily university labs, who could not otherwise afford expensive software packages. However, the interested parties now also include government, corporate, and international missions.
Religion and physical health among older Israeli Jews: findings from the SHARE-Israel study.

Background: Despite decades of research on religious determinants of health, this subject has not been systematically investigated within Jewish populations, in Israel or the diaspora. The present paper is part of a series of studies using large-scale population data sources to map the impact of religiousness on the physical and mental health of Jews. objectives: To identify religious predictors of physical health in a national probability sample of older Israeli Jews. m ethods: The data derive from the Israeli sample of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), a cross-national survey program involving nearly a dozen nations. The Israeli sample comprises 1287 Jewish respondents aged 50 or over. Outcome measures include single-item assessments of self-rated health, long-term health problems, and activity limitation, as well as validated measures of diagnosed chronic diseases, physical symptoms, and activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL). r esults: Recent synagogue attendance is a significant predictor of better health for six of the seven health measures, even after adjusting for age and several other covariates and mediators, including measures of healthrelated behavior and social support. Prayer, by contrast, is inversely associated with health according to five measures, perhaps reflecting its use as a coping mechanism for individuals with health problems. conclusions: This study presents modest evidence of a salutary effect of Jewish religiousness on this population of older adults. Religiousness, in the form of synagogue participation, was seen to serve a protective function, and prayer a coping function.
The Analysis of Enterprise's Human Resources Reputation Factors Based on DEMATEL

With the development and improvement of the human resources management theory,the study of human resources reputation attracted more and more scholars' attention.The human resources reputation theoretical system developed and improved continuously by foreign scholars studied the human resources reputation from different perspective.This article analyzed the factors of human resources reputation based on the former study,established human resources reputation index system,and employed the DEMATEL to evaluate the important factors.
Positive rate and drug susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae cultured from sputum of children in 2010

OBJECTIVE To determine the positive rate and drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from the sputum.METHODS A total of 691 sputum samples were collected from the hospitalized children with infectious pneumonia in the hospital from Jan to Dec 2010.The bacteria identification and the drug susceptibility testing were performed by ATB system.RESULTS A total of 155 strains of S.pneumoniae were isolated from 691 sputum samples with the positive rate of 22.4%.The drug resistance rates of S.pneumoniae strains to penicillin,amoxicillin,cefotaxime,erythromycin,quinupristin/dalfopristin,clindamycin,tetracycline,levofloxacin,chloramphenicol,and vancomycin were 74.5%,67.2%,67.9%,0.7%,88.3%,3.6%,10.2%,100.0%,87.6%,and 100.0%,respectily.The drug susceptibility rate of penicillin-sensitive S.pueumoniae was significantly higher than that of the penicillin-resistant strains,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).The bacterial strains with MIC value to penicillin between 0.062μg/ml and 2μg/ml accounted 61.3%,obviously higher than those(13.0%) with the MIC value lower than 0.062μg/ml,the difference was statistically significant.(χ2=69.786,P0.05).CONCLUSION S.pneumoniae has been the predominant bacteria causing pneumonia in the children.Penicillin remains the first choice for the treatment of the ordinary(general) S.pneumoniae infections.The old CLSI would lead to the misreport of large amount of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae.Amoxicillin,third generation cephalosporins,quinupristin/dalfopristin,and chloramphenicol are recommended for the treatment of penicillin-susceptible or intermediate S.pneumoniae infections.The susceptibility rates to levofloxacin and vancomycin are very high,but the drug susceptibility rates to erythromycin,clindamycin,and tetracycline are very low.
NMDA receptor activation mediates hydrogen peroxide-induced pathophysiology in rat hippocampal slices.

Endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as modulators of neuronal activity, including synaptic transmission. Inherent in this process, however, is the potential for oxidative damage if the...
The inverse z-pinch as a physics test bed, and a possible target plasma for Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF)

From an overall fusion system perspective, there remains an untested and interesting possibility of compressing a magnetized target plasma with beta greater than unity by a magnetically driven imploding liner, or other target pusher driver. This approach, known as Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF), operates in an intermediate density regime and time scale between magnetic and inertial fusion, which are separated by twelve orders of magnitude. Even if magnetized plasma transport is Bohm-like, fusion gain in the MTF parameter space appears accessible with existing drivers, which means MTF does not require a major financial investment in driver technology.
STAT1 Promotes Megakaryocytic Differentiation in a GATA-1-Independent Manner.

GATA-1 is a critical transcription factor that governs megakaryocyte development and differentiation. GATA-1-deficient megakaryocytes proliferate excessively and fail to undergo terminal differentiation, likely as a consequence of an aberrant gene expression program. In our studies to identify key signal transduction pathways that are dysregulated in the absence of GATA-1, we observed that STAT1, a gene of unknown function in megakaryocytes, was significantly downregulated in GATA-1-deficient megakaryocytes. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of STAT1, or IRF-1, a downstream effector of STAT1 signaling, promoted megakaryocytic differentiation of G1ME cells, a GATA-1-null and TPO-dependent erythromegakaryocytic cell line. Both STAT1- and IRF-1-transduced G1ME cells, but not GFP-expressing control cells, displayed multiple markers of terminal differentiation, including expression of CD42, as well as a significant fraction of polyploid cells. BrdU labeling assays confirmed that these transduced cells continued to effectively synthesize DNA, suggesting that STAT1 signaling switches these cells from mitosis to endomitosis. STAT1 and IRF-1 also modulated TPO signaling evidenced by enhanced STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation. Since STAT1 signaling is activated by IFN-g, we further investigated whether IFN-g-treatment also led to polyploidization of G1ME cells. IFN-g effectively promoted polyploidization of both G1ME cells and primary bone marrow-derived CD41 + cells in the absence of TPO. Finally, overexpression of STAT1 in primary bone marrow cells isolated from GATA-1 knockdown mice also promoted polyploidization in the absence of TPO. Taken together, these data reveal a GATA-1-independent mechanism by which STAT1 signaling promotes megakaryocyte differentiation.
BATTLING WATER: THE FRONTIERS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS AT BUTRINT (1928–2014)

This article examines the impact of sea level (water table) on archaeological research at Butrint (Bouthrotos/Buthrotum) from 1928 to 2014. Rising relative sea levels over the past three thousand years have shaped the actions not only of its ancient inhabitants but also of its modern archaeologists, conditioning archaeological objectives, fieldwork and the interpretation of the archaeological record. Butrint's first archaeologist, Luigi M. Ugolini, considered groundwater to be a detriment to archaeological research at the site. Subsequent archaeologists have viewed it as the limit of excavation. Battling water at Butrint, archaeologists have shared a universal perception of groundwater as an enemy and thereby have overlooked one of Butrint's most important areas of archaeological research – its wetland and wet-site archaeology. The Roman Forum Excavations (RFE) Project undertook the first wet-site excavations at Butrint, reaching depths of up to four metres below the water table in stratigraphic excavations in the ancient urban centre. The results demonstrate that the ancient urban centre formed much later than is presently thought: the lower city emerged as dryland in the second half of the second century bc. Relative sea levels have increased since antiquity at many coastal regions in the Mediterranean, often submerging archaeological sites either partially or completely. Butrint is a case study that shows how sea level is inextricably tied to archaeological practice and interpretation at this major ancient Mediterranean seaport.
Robust Polymer Electrolyte Membranes with High Ambient-Temperature Lithium-Ion Conductivity via Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation

Mechanically robust polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) exhibiting high ionic conductivity at ambient temperature are a prerequisite for next-generation electrochemical devices. We utilized a polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) strategy to prepare nanostructured materials comprising continuous conducting nanochannels intertwined with a mechanically and thermally robust cross-linked polymeric framework. Addition of succinonitrile (SN) rendered the poly(ethylene oxide)/lithium (Li) salt conducting domains completely amorphous, resulting in outstanding conductivities (∼0.35 mS/cm) at 30 °C. Concurrently, a densely cross-linked polystyrene framework provided mechanical robustness (modulus E′ ≈ 0.3 GPa at 30 °C) to the hybrid material. This work highlights a facile, single-pot strategy involving a homogeneous liquid reaction precursor that yields a high-performance ion-conducting membrane attractive for lithium-battery applications.
Global and Domestic Networks Advancing Prospects for Institutional and Social Change: The Collective Action Response to Violence Against Journalists:

Violence against journalists has emerged as a global human rights issue as the number of those killed in the profession has steadily risen in the new millennium. This research utilized a collective...
On When and How Identity Value Impacts Self-Control Decisions

In their target article, Elliot T. Berkman, Jordan L. Livingston, and Lauren E. Kahn (this issue) describe the identity-value model (IVM), an important contribution to research on self-control—the ...
Simulation and 4D seismic studies of pressure management and CO2 plume control by means of brine extraction and monitoring at the Devine Test Site, South Texas, USA

Within the context of CO2 geological storage, excessive pressure build-up is undesirable because it increases the risks of CO2 plume leaks into unwanted zones, reduces the storage capacity of the formation, and can limit the life of a storage project. In this study, we designed a brine extraction field pilot project for pressure management and plume control in the Hosston Formation at the Devine Test Site (DTS) in Texas. We investigated the possibility of using seismic and tracer data to monitor pressure front and injected fluids plume. Seismic surveys provide the volumetric coverage needed to understand the 3D subsurface fluid and pore pressure front movement; however, the limit of seismic detectability may be influenced by Hosston Formation initial pore pressure. The range of minimum pore pressure increase needed to produce detectable P-wave and S-wave seismic velocities is investigated. Simulation study of active pressure management system (APMS) and passive pressure management system (PPMS) at the DTS is performed using the numerical simulator CMG-STARS to demonstrate the possibility of controlling pressure build up in the storage formation. The estimation of pore pressure increase from flow simulations will help us to understand if the pressure changes during brine injection and extraction can be detected using seismic response. Study findings show that 4D seismic is an appropriate monitoring tool considering the level of expected increase in pressure at the DTS and that, as expected, brine extraction is successful in controlling the pressure build up and potentially can steer the plume at the DTS. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time Scale Inequalities of the Ostrowski Type for Functions Differentiable on the Coordinates

In 2016, some inequalities of the Ostrowski type for functions (of two variables) differentiable on the coordinates were established. In this paper, we extend these results to an arbitrary time scale by means of a parameter . The aforementioned results are regained for the case when the time scale . Besides extension, our results are employed to the continuous and discrete calculus to get some new inequalities in this direction.
Demonstration of GHz-band RF receiver and spectrometer using random speckle patterns

We report experimental demonstrations of compressive sensing with photonic systems in which the measurement matrices are implemented using speckle in multimode waveguides. We calibrate by measuring a dictionary of single frequency RF sinusoids.
Introduction to queer circuits: Critical performance and digital praxis

This introduction situates the articles making up this special issue within four thematic clouds, positing queer theorization as broadly relevant for critically engaging with computational technolo...
Oxygen uptake on-kinetics before and after aerobic exercise training in individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The high prevalence of fatigue among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be related to poor cardiorespiratory fitness observed in this population. Oxygen uptake on-kinetics is ...
Analyses of Total Phenolics, Total Flavonoids, and Total Antioxidant Activities in Foods and Dietary Supplements

Previous epidemiologic studies have consistently shown that diet plays a crucial role in the prevention of chronic diseases. Consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as grains, has been strongly associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, cataracts, and age-related functional decline. This convincing evidence suggests that a change in dietary behavior such as increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is a practical strategy for significantly reducing the incidence of chronic diseases.
Responsive Data Visualization: the National Weather Service and the Representation of Risk

This presentation advocates responsive data visualization design in risk communication practices by applying principles of information design [1] to the National Weather Service's online weather maps. Citizens are consuming information via smartphones at an increasing rate, with 12% of Americans using these types of devices as their only source for web content [2]. Research shows that users read texts on a computer screen differently than a printed document [3], making the need for readable information and design prevalent for user experience and experience architecture.Data visualization continues to influence users through their design and display of content. Modern development strategies allow for visualization based on proximity, as seen in location maps for natural disasters [4]. Often invisible to the user, design choices create structures of power between agent and agency, leaving citizens vulnerable to manipulation of data. Risk management organizations have strong obligations to the public to ensure these visualizations are reliable, clear, and reflective of audience needs.The concept of Responsive Web Design was introduced around 2010 [5], but the adaptation in technical communication has been a slow process. Perhaps the resistance is because of the perceived complexity of responsive coding, or that readability is an invisible problem. What is even slower, it appears, is the consideration of how data visualizations appear on mobile devices, even when the main design is responsive. Regardless of the reasons for the slow adoption of responsive design, practices need to be altered to make communication easier for the user to follow and understand in times of emergency.Scholars have depicted how advancements in technology altered the process and responsibilities of technical communicator [6-7]. With technology providing the means for users to have access to technical information within seconds, it is essential that technical communicators be able to predict the needs and adaptations from online accessibility. By assessing the National Weather Service's web design through accessibility checks such as responsive design, this presentation is able to showcase the capabilities of data visualization and risk communication in digital spaces.With the mission of the National Weather Service being to "provide weather, water, and climate data, forecasts and warnings for the protection of life and property and enhancement of the national economy," the ability to access online information across device platforms is crucial to achieve this government agency's goals. This presentation promotes the reassessment of online data visualizations based on their usability in terms of design and responsiveness to device-specific formats, particularly in the genre of risk management organizations. It is the responsibility of these organizations to maintain web standards across online platforms.
Broadband Microwave Spectroscopy of 2-Furanyloxy Radical: Primary Pyrolysis Product of the Second-Generation Biofuel 2-Methoxyfuran

Broadband microwave spectra over the 2–18 GHz range have been recorded for the resonance-stabilized 2-furanyloxy radical, formed in the first step of pyrolysis of the second-generation biofuel 2-methoxyfuran by methyl loss. Using a flash pyrolysis source attached to a pulsed valve, a 0.7% mixture of 2-methoxyfuran in argon was pyrolyzed at a series of temperatures ranging from 300 to 1600 K. Subsequent cooling in a supersonic expansion produced rotational temperatures of ∼2 K in the interrogation region. Using chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave (CP-FTMW) methods, combined with strong-field coherence breaking (SFCB), a set of transitions due to the radical were identified and assigned. The experimental rotational constants (A = 8897.732(93), B = 4019.946(24), C = 2770.321(84)), centrifugal distortion constants, and spin-rotation coupling constants have been determined for the radical and compared with ab initio predictions at the CCSD(T) level of theory. Compared to the 2-methoxyfuran precursor, the...
Optimal positioning of self-expanding valves before deployment decreases paravalvular regurgitation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between measurements performed during Medtronic CoreValve (MCV) deployment and paravalvular leak (PVL). BACKGROUND The MCV can be recaptured and repositioned, allowing the TAVR operator to implant at a more favorable position. The association between angiographic measurements of MCV position while the valve is recapturable and PVL post deployment has not been investigated. METHODS 493 patients undergoing TAVR with MCV (January 2011-July 2017) were included. PVL was defined as intraprocedural aortic regurgitation that was judged clinically to require balloon postdilation. Depth of the valve at the left coronary cusp (LCC) and noncoronary cusp (NCC) were measured when the valve was 80% deployed. An optimal cutoff value for the ratio LCC/NCC for PVL was identified in 40 patients. Using this cutoff value, the association between LCC/NCC and PVL was then validated in 453 patients. RESULTS The median LCC/NCC was 1.51 (interquartile range 1.06-1.89).The optimal cutoff value for LCC/NCC was 1.48 (93% sensitivity, 77% specificity, AUC0.85). In the validation group 112 (24.7%) patients had PVL. For LCC/NCC ≥ 1.48, the incidence of PVL was lower compared to LCC/NCC < 1.48 (9.58% vs. 41.78%, P < 0.0001). LCC/NCC of 1.48 had a sensitivity of 79.5% and specificity of 63.6% for PVL (AUC0.72). In a multivariate model, LCC/NCC < 1.48 independently predicted PVL (OR = 6.67, 95% CI 3.96-11.23, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Positioning the MCV such that the LCC/NCC is ≥1.48 may result in less PVL.
Readability of Online Patient Educational Materials Related to Breast Lesions Requiring Surgery.

Online patient educational materials on breast lesions requiring surgery may lead to patient misinformation or confusion because readability of commonly accessed online materials exceeds the averag...
Refuting Strong AI: Why Consciousness Cannot Be Algorithmic.

While physicalism requires only that a conscious state depends entirely on an underlying physical state, it is often assumed that consciousness is algorithmic and that conscious states can be copied, such as by copying or digitizing the human brain. In an effort to further elucidate the physical nature of consciousness, I challenge these assumptions and attempt to prove the Single Stream of Consciousness Theorem (SSCT): that a conscious entity cannot experience more than one stream of consciousness from a given conscious state. Assuming only that consciousness is a purely physical phenomenon, it is shown that both Special Relativity and Multiverse theory independently imply SSCT and that the Many Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics is inadequate to counter it. Then, SSCT is shown to be incompatible with Strong Artificial Intelligence, implying that consciousness cannot be created or simulated by a computer. Finally, SSCT is shown to imply that a conscious state cannot be physically reset to an earlier conscious state nor can it be duplicated by any physical means. The profound but counterintuitive implications of these conclusions are briefly discussed.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN PURE AND PARTIALLY-STABILIZED ZrO2

ABSTRACT The tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation in pure zirconia has been studied by transmission electron microscopy and found to have virtually all of the characteristics of martensitic transformations in metallic alloys. Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ), which at room temperature is a mixture of cubic ZrO2 solid solution and monoclinic ZrO2, has also been studied because of its good mechanical and thermal shock properties. Electron microscope studies of these PSZ “alloys” indicated that the useful properties can best be understood in terms of precipitation strengthening.
Vulnerability Analysis and Risk Assessment of EV Charging System under Cyber-Physical Threats

The rapid pace of Electrification in the transportation sector, realized through plug-in electric vehicle (EV) integration, necessitates the smart charging infrastructures. These systems built on real-time data collection and decision making coordinate the charging demand to facilitate high penetration of PEV s in the power grids. Accordingly, the inherent cyber-physical characteristic of smart charging networks makes them susceptible to cyber-physical threats. Due to the lack of a consistent cyber-physical attack assessment in EV networks, this paper aims to propose the vulnerability analysis and risk assessment for the smart charging infrastructures. To this end, we define several potential failure scenarios for the WinSmartEV™ charging system on the UCLA campus and study the impacts of potential cyber-physical attacks. Moreover, we outline a codified methodology and taxonomy for assessing vulnerability and risk of cyber-physical attacks on the EV charging networks in order to create a generalizable and comprehensive solution. The outcome is a framework to prioritize the degree of the vulnerabilities and risks in the EV networks and to develop effective countermeasures.
Social networks, group exercise, and anxiety among college students.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between group exercise membership, social network characteristics, and general state anxiety in a sample of college students. Participants: ...
A Book Review of Johann Hari’s Book: Lost Connections: Uncovering the Real Causes of Depression—and the Unexpected Solutions:

This is a book review of Johann Hari’s Book: Lost Connections: Uncovering the Real Causes of Depression-and the Unexpected Solutions.
Building From the Bottom Up: The Importance of Tier 1 Supports in the Context of Tier 2 Interventions:

School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) relies on effective implementation of Tier 1 practices to ensure accurate identification of students in need of more intensive supp...
Economic Diversification and the Resiliency Hypothesis: Evidence from the Impact of Natural Disasters on Regional Housing Values

Abstract We estimate the effect regional economic diversification has on the resiliency of the U.S. housing market, treating the spatial and temporal variation in natural disasters as exogenous shocks to regional economies. Our study demonstrates that diversity dampens both the magnitude and the duration of the effects of a disaster on local real estate values. Implications of our findings for the potential benefits of diversification in regional economies are discussed.
Disentangling beliefs about emotions from emotion schemas

Objective The current study sought to empirically evaluate a new clinical tool, the Individual Beliefs about Emotion (IBAE) which assesses nine beliefs about emotion. The goal was to examine the overlap of the IBAE with the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS), indices of psychopathology, and emotion dysregulation. Method Participants (n = 513) completed the IBAE, the LESS, and measures of affective distress, borderline personality features, and emotion dysregulation. Results Results indicated that both emotion beliefs (IBAE) and schemas (LESS) were influenced by age and gender. Both measures significantly predicted variance in affective distress, borderline symptoms, and emotion dysregulation, although the LESS was a stronger predictor. Conclusion We conclude that the LESS total score is a particularly useful measure of maladaptive schematic attitudes toward emotion, with additional evidence that the IBAE is a clinical tool that can be useful in psychotherapy to quickly assess a variety of emotion beliefs.
Modular aerogel brick fabrication via 3D-printed molds

Abstract A 3D-printing process is presented for the manufacturing of modular aerogel/acrylate bricks that are fully scalable and customizable for potential applications in thermal insulation. The use of 3D-printing tools in conjunction with a sol-gel method of aerogel synthesis circumvents the geometric limitations of fabrication of large size load bearing aerogel articles. In this study, two-component aerogel bricks are manufactured from the low thermal conductivity of aerogels and 3D-printed load-bearing polymer bricks. For this purpose, aerogels are synthesized from polyimide and partially crosslinked stereolithography acrylate (SLA) resins. The aerogel materials are held by mechanically strong LEGO®-like bricks derived from fully crosslinked SLA resin and fully cured epoxy resin. The transient temperature profiles on brick surfaces due to contact heating and flexural and compressive properties of bricks filled with aerogel materials are discussed.
Remote Work and the Future of Disability Accommodations

When the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was originally enacted in 1990 and amended in 2008, technology had not yet advanced to where it is today. Technologies that most people could not have imagined then are now not only commonplace but enabled millions of employees to work from home when the Covid-19 pandemic began. During the pandemic, more than half of the national labor force worked remotely. By all accounts, the number of remote workers will remain significantly higher even after the pandemic ends. This Article argues that people with disabilities should be among the beneficiaries of this new remote workplace culture. For employees with disabilities, Title I of the Americans with Disabilities protects their right to accommodations in the workplace. In recent years, courts have been called upon to resolve disputes between employers and disabled employees regarding whether or not working from home is a “reasonable accommodation” under the ADA. An examination of the cases from nearly every federal circuit court of appeals over the last decade reveals that most courts rule in favor of employers. However, due to the increasing reliance on communication technologies brought about by the recent pandemic, this author argues that more courts may and should recognize remote work as an appropriate workplace accommodation for qualified employees. While it is true that not all employees—with or without disabilities—want to work from home, and not all jobs can be done remotely, increasing opportunities for remote work for disabled employees furthers the goal of the ADA to promote economic self-sufficiency of disabled people. It is also one way to challenge the ongoing and systemic ableism that exists within society and at many workplaces today. While discussions of the future of remote work have been a “hot topic” during the pandemic, this Article is the first to systemically review and analyze the state of remote work as a disability accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This Article incorporates doctrinal and social science evidence in support of the argument that given the current realities of the post-pandemic workplace, remote work is a reasonable accommodation for qualified disabled employees. The author proposes specific amendments to the applicable EEOC regulations which will clarify that remote work is a reasonable accommodation for qualified employees under Title I of the ADA. The Article concludes that the proposed amendments to the current regulations are necessary to re-envision remote work as the future of disability accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Mantle structure and flow across the continent-ocean transition of the eastern North American margin: anisotropic S-wave tomography

Little has been seismically imaged through the lithosphere and mantle at rifted margins across the continent-ocean transition. A 2014-2015 community seismic experiment deployed broadband seismic in...
National Study on the Contribution of Family Physicians to the US Emergency Physician Workforce in 2020.

Background Family physicians provide a sizable portion of emergency care in the United States. However, there is limited work characterizing this population. Methods We completed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2020 American Medical Association Physician Masterfile that was inclusive of all clinically active physicians who designated emergency medicine as their primary or secondary specialty and had family medicine residency training and/or family medicine board certification. We used Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education information to determine family medicine residency training and data from the American Board of Medical Specialties to determine family medicine board certification status. We calculated physician density using US Census Bureau estimates; urban-rural assignments were based on Urban Influence Codes. Results We identified 4354 clinically active emergency physicians (9% of the overall emergency physician workforce). Of these, a majority were male (88%) and completed their training at least 20 years ago (84%), and a majority (59%) reported emergency medicine as their primary specialty. There is notable variation in physician density per 100,000 US population, and these densities declined compared with prior estimates from 2008. Conclusions We find that family physicians represent a sizable portion of the overall emergency physician workforce despite decreases in physician densities across the United States.
Coronary Heart Disease and Hypertension

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and hypertension (HTN) is a common chronic health condition. Studies confirm that psychological stress is associated with increased incidence of CHD, increased recurrence of cardiac events, and higher risk of HTN. Stress appears to influence disease onset and progression via both direct physiological pathways and indirect behavioral pathways. Social support and dispositional attributes such as optimism may moderate the effects of stress and provide beneficial effects. Studies of psychosocial interventions to reduce disease risk and improve health outcomes among patients with CHD have produced inconsistent results. In general, studies indicate that psychosocial interventions enhance psychosocial functioning and quality of life but may not lead to reduced incidence of recurrent cardiac events. Symptoms of depression and anxiety have been associated with increased risk of CHD and HTN. Poor adherence to medications and lifestyle changes is associated with poorer health outcomes among patients with CHD and HTN. Keywords: coronary heart disease; hypertension; stress; adherence
Availability of tryptophan in some feedstuffs for swine.

SUMMARY Two experiments were conducted to determine the availability of tryptophan (Try) from corn (NC), opaque-2 corn (OC), milo (M) and freeze dried alfalfa (FDA) when fed to swine. The first experiment consisted of a growth trial involving 96 baby pigs and eight treatments. The basal diet containing .06% Try and 24.5% protein was supplemented with .015%, .030% and .045% L-Try. These four diets were used to establish a standard curve for growth. The other treatments were formed by adding the feedstuffs as the source of Try to the basal diet. Availabilities were determined by comparing growth responses. Try availabilities from NC, OC, M and FDA were 70, 58.3, 70 and 83.3%, respectively, when gain was used as the response criterion, and 77, 65, 85 and 80% when gain/feed was the response criterion. Plasma Try, muscle RNA and DNA and muscle polysome profiles were used as criteria for assessing the availability of Try. Dietary levels of Try showed a quadratic effect (P<.01) on plasma Try and no apparent effect on the muscle parameters. In the second experiment, post-prandial changes in blood Try levels were used as a measure of Try availability from FDA. Analysis of blood from pigs fed the dietary treatments (growth curve) used in experiment 1 plus the treatment with FDA as the source of Try showed an increase in Try level that peaked irregularly between 15 and 45 min post-feeding followed by a marked decrease that plateaued
Preparation of α‐Bromo‐ and α‐Chlorocarboxylic Acids from α‐Amino Acids

Diazotization of α-amino acids in 48:52 (w/w) hydrogen fluoride/pyridine along with excess of potassium halide results in the corresponding α-halocarboxylic acids in good to excellent yields (Table 1 and 2).