cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Para além das Múltiplas Modernidades: Eurocentrismo, Modernidade e as Sociedades Periféricas

Na literatura recente em Ciencias Sociais, o paradigma eurocentrico da modernidade vem sofrendo ataques de diferentes naturezas. Buscando dialogar com parte dessa literatura critica, este trabalho (parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado) tem por objetivos: revisar o nucleo articulador da concepcao eurocentrica de modernidade e as consequencias dessa forma de teorizacao para a reflexao sobre as sociedades perifericas; apresentar os avancos fornecidos pela perspectiva das “multiplas modernidades”; e, por fim, apontar os limites dessa perspectiva, a partir de outros discursos teoricos, sobretudo a partir de teorias Pos-Coloniais e da Teoria da Dependencia.
Achieving resilience for a class of serial production networks

This paper studies real-time operation to achieve resilience in a class of serial production networks. Although resilience has been studied extensively, a systematic method to model and analyze the resilient dynamics during disruption and corresponding control policies to achieve quick recovery in manufacturing enterprises is not well developed. In this paper, we present an optimal control policy to achieve resilience in a production network with a series of suppliers and producers.
Cooperative properties of hormone receptors in cell membranes

The binding of many polypeptide hormones to cell surface receptors does not appear to follow the law of mass action. While steady-state binding data are consistent in many cases with either heterogeneous populations of binding sites or interactions of the type known as negative cooperativity, study of the kinetics of dissociation of the type known as negative cooperativity, study of the kinetics of dissociation of the hormone receptor complex allows an unambiguous demonstration of cooperative interactions. Negative cooperativity, which seems to be wide-spread among hormone receptors, provides exquisite sensitivity of the cell at low hormone concentrations while buffering against acutely elevated hormone levels. The molecular mechanisms underlying the cooperativity are still largely unknown. Cooperativity may stem from a conformational transition in individual receptors or involve receptor aggregation in the fluid membrane (clustering) or more extensive membrane phenomena. Thus, new models of hormone action must be considered which integrate the progress in our knowledge of both the complex mechanisms regulating hormone binding to their surface receptors, and the dynamic properties of the cell membrane.
A dual contrast injection technique for multidetector computed tomography angiography of Fontan procedures.

Extracardiac and lateral tunnel Fontan palliations result in caval venous return to the branch pulmonary arteries without prior blood mixing in the right atrium. Single contrast injection techniques result in suboptimal pulmonary computed tomography angiography since blood streaming results in asymmetric pulmonary flow of injected contrast. We used a dual injection technique––dorsal foot vein and upper extremity vein to achieve optimal simultaneous opacification of the inferior and superior venae cavae and branch pulmonary arteries. The resulting dataset allowed for excellent 3D volume renderings and multiplanar reformat images useful for stenosis, aneurysm, and metal stent evaluation.
Estimation of functional connectivity in fMRI data using stability selection-based sparse partial correlation with elastic net penalty

Characterizing interactions between multiple brain regions is important for understanding brain function. Functional connectivity measures based on partial correlation provide an estimate of the linear conditional dependence between brain regions after removing the linear influence of other regions. Estimation of partial correlations is, however, difficult when the number of regions is large, as is now increasingly the case with a growing number of large-scale brain connectivity studies. To address this problem, we develop novel methods for estimating sparse partial correlations between multiple regions in fMRI data using elastic net penalty (SPC-EN), which combines L1- and L2-norm regularization We show that L1-norm regularization in SPC-EN provides sparse interpretable solutions while L2-norm regularization improves the sensitivity of the method when the number of possible connections between regions is larger than the number of time points, and when pair-wise correlations between brain regions are high. An issue with regularization-based methods is choosing the regularization parameters which in turn determine the selection of connections between brain regions. To address this problem, we deploy novel stability selection methods to infer significant connections between brain regions. We also compare the performance of SPC-EN with existing methods which use only L1-norm regularization (SPC-L1) on simulated and experimental datasets. Detailed simulations show that the performance of SPC-EN, measured in terms of sensitivity and accuracy is superior to SPC-L1, especially at higher rates of feature prevalence. Application of our methods to resting-state fMRI data obtained from 22 healthy adults shows that SPC-EN reveals a modular architecture characterized by strong inter-hemispheric links, distinct ventral and dorsal stream pathways, and a major hub in the posterior medial cortex - features that were missed by conventional methods. Taken together, our findings suggest that SPC-EN provides a powerful tool for characterizing connectivity involving a large number of correlated regions that span the entire brain.
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Clinical Review

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome was defined in adult patients as an increase >30 beats per minute in heart rate of a symptomatic patient when moving from supine to upright position. Clinical signs may include postural tachycardia, headache, abdominal discomfort, dizziness/presyncope, nausea, and fatigue. The most common adolescent presentation involves teenagers within 1-3 years of their growth spurt who, after a period of inactivity from illness or injury, cannot return to normal activity levels because of symptoms induced by upright posture. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is complex and likely has numerous, concurrent pathophysiologic etiologies, presenting along a wide spectrum of potential symptoms. Nonpharmacologic treatment includes (1) increasing aerobic exercise, (2) lower-extremity strengthening, (3) increasing fluid/salt intake, (4) psychophysiologic training for management of pain/anxiety, and (5) family education. Pharmacologic treatment is recommended on a case-by-case basis, and can include β-blocking agents to blunt orthostatic increases in heart rate, α-adrenergic agents to increase peripheral vascular resistance, mineralocorticoid agents to increase blood volume, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. An interdisciplinary research approach may determine mechanistic root causes of symptoms, and is investigating novel management plans for affected patients.
Enhanced risk assessment for primary coronary heart disease events by maximal exercise testing: 10 years' experience of Seattle Heart Watch.

A 10 year prospective community practice study in Seattle of risk of primary morbidity (defined by hospital admission) and mortality due to coronary heart disease in 3,611 men and 547 women initially free of clinical manifestations of this disease revealed a crude incidence of 202 coronary heart disease events, or 4.9% in 6.1 ± 2.6 years of follow-up. The case fatality rate was 16.8%. Stratification by clinical classification of asymptomatic healthy persons versus patients with atypical chest pain syndrome (not angina pectoris) and hypertension (as classified by physicians) showed an incidence rate of primary events due to coronary heart disease of 2.9, 5.5 (not significant) and 10.0% (p Observation of the exercise predictors in the absence of conventional risk factors increased the risk much less, suggesting that the use of maximal exercise testing for risk assessment in those with no clinical manifestations of disease might be limited to persons with one or more conventional risk factors.
Stearoyl CoA desaturase is required to produce active, lipid-modified Wnt proteins

Wnt proteins contain palmitoleic acid, an unusual lipid modification. Production of an active Wnt signal requires the acyltransferase Porcupine and depends on the attachment of palmitoleic acid to Wnt. The source of this monounsaturated fatty acid has not been identified, and it is not known how Porcupine recognizes its substrate and whether desaturation occurs before or after fatty acid transfer to Wnt. Here, we show that stearoyl desaturase (SCD) generates a monounsaturated fatty acid substrate that is then transferred by Porcupine to Wnt. Treatment of cells with SCD inhibitors blocked incorporation of palmitate analogs into Wnt3a and Wnt5a and reduced Wnt secretion as well as autocrine and paracrine Wnt signaling. The SCD inhibitor effects were rescued by exogenous addition of monounsaturated fatty acids. We propose that SCD is a key molecular player responsible for Wnt biogenesis and processing and that SCD inhibition provides an alternative mechanism for blocking Wnt pathway activation.
Design considerations for liposomal vaccines: Influence of formulation parameters on antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to liposome associated antigens

Liposomes (phospholipid bilayer vesicles) are versatile and robust delivery systems for induction of antibody and T lymphocyte responses to associated subunit antigens. In the last 15 years, liposome vaccine technology has matured and now several vaccines containing liposome-based adjuvants have been approved for human use or have reached late stages of clinical evaluation. Given the intensifying interest in liposome-based vaccines, it is important to understand precisely how liposomes interact with the immune system and stimulate immunity. It has become clear that the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines – method of antigen attachment, lipid composition, bilayer fluidity, particle charge, and other properties – exert dramatic effects on the resulting immune response. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines and how they influence immune responses. A discussion of novel and emerging immunomodulators that are suitable for inclusion in liposomal vaccines is also presented. Through a comprehensive analysis of the body of liposomal vaccine literature, we enumerate a series of principles that can guide the rational design of liposomal vaccines to elicit immune responses of a desired magnitude and quality. We also identify major unanswered questions in the field, pointing the direction for future study.
Some aspects of canine size in the Australopithecines

Australopithecine canine size variation is analyzed taking age, sex and the negative allometric relation of canine size and posterior tooth size into account. These factors provide predictability for observed absolute and relative canine size variation.
Investigation of the hydrates of amine sulfates by dielectric measurements

Abstract The dielectric constants (e) of 0·025 M (0·05N) solutions of three high-molecular-weight amine sulfates in benzene were examined as a function of water content. For 3,9-diethyltridecyl-6-amine sulfate (HDAS), distinct changes in the slope of e vs water/amine sulfate were interpreted as indicating polymerized monohydrate, (HDAS·H2O)n, and monomeric dihydrate, HDAS·2H2O. There were no change of slope for tri-n-octylamine sulfate (TOAS) in the H2O/TOAS range 0·1–3, which is consistent with the previously reported constant hydration of TOAS throughout this range. A small change of slope for di-n-decylamine sulfate (DDAS) suggests some formation of dihydrate, DDAS·2H2O.
Photovoltaic measurement of bandgap narrowing in moderately doped silicon

Abstract Solar cells have been fabricated on n-type and p-type moderately doped Si. The shrinkage of the Si bandgap has been obtained by measuring the internal quantum efficiency in the near infrared spectrum (hv = 1.00−1.25 eV) around the fundamental absorption edge. The results agree with previous optical measurements of bandgap narrowing in Si. It is postulated that this optically-determined bandgap narrowing is the rigid shrinkage of the forbidden gap due to many-body effects. The “device bandgap narrowing” obtained by measuring the pn product in bipolar devices leads to discrepant values because (i) the density of states in the conduction and valence band is modified due to the potential fluctuations originated in the variations in local impurity density, and (ii) the influence of Fermi-Dirac statistics.
“Drought Conference“ heightens awareness, rallies action across North Carolina

When it comes to public awareness and media coverage, short-term severe weather is an easy sell. However, sustained severe weather and hydrological events, like extended drought, do not inspire the immediacy that grips the public's interest. In these cases, scientists need effective communications strategies to achieve appropriate public response. Scientists in North Carolina succeeded with such efforts in July when a record-setting, 4-year drought tightened its grip on the state. About 80% of monitored streams in the state were at less than 10' normal capacity. Salt water was leaching into coastal groundwater. Many reservoirs had less than 4 months' supply, and wells across the state were going dry One town's only water source was a fire truck connected to a neighboring community's fire hydrant.
The zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 is essential for and restricts differentiation along the macrophage lineage

We have isolated cDNA clones of myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD) genes, activated in the absence of de novo protein synthesis following induction for differentiation along either the macrophage or granulocyte lineage in human myeloblastic leukemia HL-60 cells. One cDNA clone of a primary response gene, expressed upon macrophage differentiation, encoded for Egr-1, a zinc finger transcription factor. The Egr-1 gene was observed to be transcriptionally silent in HL-60 cells, but active in U-937 and M1 cells, the latter two being predetermined for macrophage differentiation. Egr-1 antisense oligomers in the culture media blocked macrophage differentiation in both myeloid leukemia cell lines and normal myeloblasts. HL-60 cells constitutively expressing an Egr-1 transgene (HL-60Egr-1) could be induced for macrophage, but not granulocyte, differentiation. These observations indicate that expression of Egr-1 is essential for and restricts differentiation of myeloblasts along the macrophage lineage.
An Improved Self-Logging Method for Studying Computer System Activities

Computer designers can use an inexpensive pocket computer to collect data on how people use their products. Users carry the computer with them as they work; at random time intervals it prompts them to enter data about the task they are performing. This technique eliminates most of the tedium and disruption inherent in methods that require observers to keep a log of what they do. In addition, it retains the economy and simplicity of self-logging methods. We are using this system to evaluate users' interaction with computer hardware, software, and documentation.
Background Selections of the Pale and Melanic Forms of the Cryptic Moth, Phigalia titea (Cramer)

KETTLEWELL1 demonstrated that the pale (typical) and melanic (carbonaria) forms of the peppered moth, Biston betularia L., tend to rest on white and black backgrounds respectively, when presented with a choice between the two. I wish to summarize results obtained in a similar experiment, using typical and melanic individuals of the North American geometrid, Phigalia titea.
Structural equation models of VMT growth in US urbanised areas

Vehicle miles travelled (VMT) is a primary performance indicator for land use and transportation, bringing with it both positive and negative externalities. This study updates and refines previous work on VMT in urbanised areas, using recent data, additional metrics and structural equation modelling (SEM). In a cross-sectional model for 2010, population, income and freeway capacity are positively related to VMT, while gasoline prices, development density and transit service levels are negatively related. Findings of the cross-sectional model are generally confirmed in a more tightly controlled longitudinal study of changes in VMT between 2000 and 2010, the first model of its kind. The cross-sectional and longitudinal models together, plus the transportation literature generally, give us a basis for generalising across studies to arrive at elasticity values of VMT with respect to different urban variables.
Classic group testing with cost for grouping and testing

We generalize the classical group testing problem to incorporate costs associated with pooling and inspection, both of which are significant factors in actual applications. We formulate the expected cost model as a nonlinear integer programming problem, prove several propositions and a theorem concerning when pooling is more efficient than individual testing, and determine the optimal group size such that the expected cost is minimized.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of phospholipid-bound Sfh1p, a member of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sec14p-like phosphatidylinositol transfer protein family

Yeast Sfh1p, a close homolog of the Sec14p phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, was crystallized in the absence of detergent. X-ray data have been collected to 2.5 A. Sec14p is the major phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)/phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) transfer protein in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is the founding member of a large eukaryotic protein superfamily. This protein catalyzes the exchange of either PtdIns or PtdCho between membrane bilayers in vitro and this exchange reaction requires no external input of energy or of other protein cofactors. Despite the previous elucidation of the crystal structure of a detergent-bound form of Sec14p, the conformational changes that accompany the phospholipid-exchange reaction remain undefined. Moreover, a structural appreciation of how Sec14p or its homologs bind their various phospholipid substrates remains elusive. Here, the purification and crystallization of yeast Sfh1p, the protein most closely related to Sec14p, are reported. A combination of electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry and collision-induced decomposition mass-spectrometry methods indicate that recombinant Sfh1p loads predominantly with phosphatidylethanolamine. Unlike phospholipid-bound forms of Sec14p, this form of Sfh1p crystallizes readily in the absence of detergent. Sfh1p crystals diffract to 2.5 A and belong to the orthorhombic primitive space group P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1}, with unit-cell parameters a = 49.40, bmore » = 71.55, c = 98.21 A, α = β = γ = 90°. One Sfh1p molecule is present in the asymmetric unit (V{sub M} = 2.5 A{sup 3} Da{sup −1}; V{sub s} = 50%). Crystallization of a phospholipid-bound Sec14p-like protein is a critical first step in obtaining the first high-resolution picture of how proteins of the Sec14p superfamily bind their phospholipid ligands. This information will significantly extend our current understanding of how Sec14p-like proteins catalyze phospholipid exchange.« less
Collisional redistribution of radiatively-excited levels of Tl and Ga atoms in an O2-acetylene-Ar flame☆

Several useful expressions for the population ratios of collisionally excited levels have been derived and different transitions of Tl and Ga atoms, seeded in a premixed atmospheric flame, have been excited in order to verify that the levels higher than the laser-excited level are populated approximately according to a Boltzmann equilibrium. This result confirms the possibility of using thermally assisted flourescence lines to measure local temperatures in flames. The Einstein spontaneous emission probability for the transition 6S1/2→4P3/2 at 2719.65A of Ga has also been calculated (A2719.65=0.41×108s-1) to fit the experimental point.
Career Motivation, Mentoring Readiness, and Participation in Workplace Mentoring Programs: A Cross-Cultural Study

In this study, the author examined participation in workplace mentoring programs in two cultural (individualistic and collectivistic) contexts. Data were collected from two samples (United States = 83; Ghana = 132) of workers (from 80 organizations) at managerial development workshops. Analysis of variance showed differences in willingness to participate and intention to participate in mentoring programs. Hierarchical linear regression results also showed interactive effects of culture on participation and mentoring readiness as well as participation and career motivation. The findings show criterion validity for the mentoring readiness construct, which is important for selection of participants for mentoring programs.
Multidisciplinary multiattribute concept analyses related to the aerohemodynamics conceptual model

Abstract Topic These concept analyses explore the threshold limit values of the major conceptual composites comprising the aerohemodynamics theory, namely, acceleration, barotrauma, gaseous toxicities, thermostability, and radiation hazards. Purpose This theory forms the basis for nursing practice in the flight environment. The sources of information are reference texts, National Aeronautics Space Administration, and Air Force research. Conclusion Concept analysis of these variables will enable further research into the flight environment's effects upon humans.
Diffraction imaging of high quality bismuth silicon oxide with monochromatic synchrotron radiation: Implications for crystal growth

Abstract Three slices from a high quality boule of bismuth silicon oxide have been examined by X-ray diffraction imaging (topography) with monochromatic synchrotron radiation. The absence of macroscopic inhomogeneous strains, which are usually found in large single crystals, permits us to observe several types of microscopic strain pattern in the form of growth striations and interface boundaries. Each is associated with distinct aspects of the crystal growth. Analysis of these strains leads to a detailed understanding of the formation of a high quality bismuth silicon oxide boule. The model developed suggests ways to realize further improvement in crystal perfection.
Regulatory issues for computerized electrocardiographic devices.

Abstract Computerized electrocardiogram (ECG) devices are regulated in the U.S. by the FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). This article aims to highlight the salient points of the FDA regulatory review process, including the important distinction between a “tool” claim and a “clinical” claim in the intended use of a computerized ECG device. Specifically, a tool claim relates to the ability of the device to accurately measure a certain ECG parameter, such as T-wave alternans (TWA), while a clinical claim imputes a particular health hazard associated with the identified parameter, such as increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia or sudden death. Given that both types of claims are equally important and receive the same regulatory scrutiny, the manufacturer of a new ECG diagnostic device should consider the distinction and regulatory pathways for approval between the two types of claims discussed in this paper.
Coronary wall imaging in mice using osmium tetroxide and micro-computed tomography

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death in the United States and results from the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries of the heart. Plaques accumulate as the result of the retention of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in the sub-endothelium of the arterial wall. In mouse aorta, these lesions form primarily at the branching sites or bifurcations. However, in the coronary system, data has shown that late-stage plaque formation occurs throughout the proximal segments of the arteries. In order to better understand plaque formation in the coronary arteries, we have developed an osmium tetroxide (OsO4) stained coronary wall imaging protocol performed using microcomputed tomography (microCT). OsO4 is a heavy metal contrast agent that readily binds to lipids. Our data in 3- to 25-week old C57BL6 wild-type mice shows that the coronary vessel walls are highlighted by the use of the contrast agent. We expect that this combination of OsO4 and microCT will allow us to investigate the coronary artery wall in atherogenesis models of mice to characterize plaque formation.
Gender and the Spa: Space, Sociability and Self at British Health Spas, 1640–1714

While natural spring spas usually have been associated with late seventeenth century sociability, they also have been understood as refuges for libertine exploit. But female-authored accounts of spa visits provide a different picture. This article examines female homosociability at spas in Britain from 1640–1714. Women at the spa walked outdoors with one another, visited fairs and attended plays. They shared meals and went dancing, and they conducted their prescribed medicinal regimes of “taking the waters” in one another’s company. Elite women socialized with members of their own station as well as with the female servants who accompanied them; and they chose to do business with the many female innkeepers, brewers and provisioners who lived and worked in spa towns. Secure in these homosocial spaces, female visitors to the spa talked with one another about child care, medicine-making and health cures. And in this process, women constructed elite identities, distinct and feminine senses of ‘self.’ At the spa, women were able to circulate their ideas within a culture which often was centered upon the flirtatious advances of male libertines, or around the advice and authority of male physicians. Projecting their voices from a communal female authority, women at spas created and defended female-oriented spaces.
How is spontaneous symmetry breaking possible? Understanding Wigner's theorem in light of unitary inequivalence

We pose and resolve a puzzle about spontaneous symmetry breaking in the quantum theory of infinite systems. For a symmetry to be spontaneously broken, it must not be implementable by a unitary operator in a ground state's GNS representation. But Wigner's theorem guarantees that any symmetry's action on states is given by a unitary operator. How can this unitary operator fail to implement the symmetry in the GNS representation? We show how it is possible for a unitary operator of this sort to connect the folia of unitarily inequivalent representations. This result undermines interpretations of quantum theory that hold unitary equivalence to be necessary for physical equivalence.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic Actuator Interaction in the Dynamics of a Rotating Flexible Beam

The dynamic interaction between a rotating flexible beam and a hydraulic cylinder actuator driving the beam along its length is presented. A mathematical model is developed combining the dynamics of a continuous beam, discretized by modal analysis, to the system dynamics of the actuator. Fully coupled actuator and beam equations are generalized by introducing dimensionless parameters. The interaction between actuator and flexible beam is investigated via a reduced order model, eigenvalue analysis, and numerical simulations
LCD ruggedization for severe environments

Practical methods for quantifying and understanding the dynamic characteristics of liquid crystal display stack assemblies for use in rugged avionics environments are presented. The failure modes of LCD stack assemblies in vibration are typically a function of excessive transverse deflections and in-plane displacements. Fortunately, classical plate theory facilitates the study of display stack dynamics, and offers ways to quantify deflection and displacement in terms of resonant frequency and transmissibility. However, specific dynamic material properties are required but typically not known, given the inherent complexity of a laminated liquid crystal display stack. The free-free vibration test is therefore documented as a viable method for the obtainment of equivalent dynamic stack properties in a cost effective and timely manner. Characterization testing in the free-free and vibration table environments was completed using display stack sub-components of various sizes and configurations in order to validate the process. Also, a design of experiment was conducted to gain a better understanding of how different mounting conditions impact longitudinal deflection, as well as lateral and vertical resonant frequency and displacement. Based on research, testing, and analyses completed, liquid crystal display stack design guidelines for vibration performance are included.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Structure of Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion Aggregates by Raman-Monitored Serial Dilution

The aggregation of dihydrogen phosphate ion has been studied by Raman spectroscopy during serial dilution of highly concentrated (5 M) solutions. Factor analysis has been used to recover monomer and aggregate spectra from families of 600-2000 spectra obtained during dilution to about 0.1 M. Spectra of the free aquated dihydrogen phosphate ion and its dimer, trimer, and tetramer have been obtained. There is some evidence for the existence of longer chain aggregates. The serial dilution procedure has been verified by dilution of 2.3 M glycine solution. Only spectra of monomer and dimer ions are recovered. For the well-understood glycine system, the band positions and intensities and the dimerization concentration-dependence are in agreement with previously reported values.
New analogs of split algorithms for arbitrary Toeplitz-plus-Hankel matrices

Fast algorithms for solving arbitrary Toeplitz-plus-Hankel systems of equations are presented. The algorithms are analogs of the split Levinson and Schur algorithms, although the more general Toeplitz-plus-Hankel structure requires that the algorithms be based on a four-term recurrence. Relations with the previous split algorithms are considered. The algorithms require roughly half as many multiplications as previous fast algorithms for Toeplitz-plus-Hankel systems. >
Ethical Issues in RecordKeeping in Group Psychotherapy

This article discusses numerous ethical issues regarding the keeping of records in group psychotherapy, those activities that have to do with the creating, retaining, storing, releasing, and disposing of them. A central dilemma for the group therapist is whether to keep records separately for each individual group member or to keep one record for the group as a whole. Confidentiality of records, patient access, and release of information tend to be more complex issues for group psychotherapists than for individual psychotherapists. Although notes written about the entire group may capture important themes, such notes can compromise the privacy and confidentiality of individual group members. An individual record for each patient is recommended.
Trends in the nitrogenoxygen stretching frequency of 4-substituted pyridine N-oxide coordination compounds

Abstract Trends in the nitrogenoxygen stretching frequency, ν NO , for twenty-four series of 4-substituted pyridine N-oxide complexes have been investigated and compared. It was found that the complexes fall into several general categories based on the correlation of ν NO and Δν NO (the decrease in ν NO of the ligands upon coordination) with σ PyO substituent constants. The data suggest that the trends depend significantly on the effective charge of the central metal ion but that stereochemistry, steric effects, and the previously proposed π-bonding effects also contribute.
Anticoagulation and Thrombolytic Therapy: Practical Considerations

Although thrombolytic agents have been available for over 10 years and have demonstrated safety and efficacy in an increasing number of clinical conditions involving thrombotic phenomena, their general acceptance as first-line therapeutic agents in medical management has been slow. Much of the reluctance to use these drugs is based on their associated incidence of hemorrhagic complications, which is several-fold greater than with use of conventional anticoagulants. With the introduction of second-generation thrombolytic agents, made possible through successes in recombinant DNA technology and chemical modifications of previously available compounds, increased fibrin specificity has been achieved and has been translated into increased clinical efficacy and safety. These results will likely improve as innovative regimens using dose modifications or multiple agents with combined synergy are developed. An appreciation of basic coagulation and the pharmacology of anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents is necessary to maximize the benefits of currently available medications, to develop new treatment strategies, and to minimize potential hemorrhagic complications.
Expression and heat-responsive regulation of a TFIIB homologue from the archaeon Haloferax volcanii

Summary Multiple divergent genes encoding the eukaryal-like TFIIB (TFB) transcription initiation factor have been identified in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii. Expression of one of these TFB-encoding genes, referred to here as tfb2, was induced specifically in response to heat shock at the transcription level. A time course for tfb2 induction demonstrated that mRNA levels increased as much as eightfold after 15 min at 608C. A transcription fusion of the tfb2 promoter region with a stable RNA reporter gene confirmed the heat responsiveness of the tfb2 core promoter, and immunoblot analysis using antibodies generated against a recombinant His-tagged TFB2 showed that the protein levels of one TFB increased slightly in response to elevated temperatures. An archaeal consensus TATA element (58-TTTATA-38) was located 110 bp upstream of the translation start site and appeared to be used for both basal and heat shock-induced expression. The long DNA leader region (79 bp) preceding the predicted AUG translation start codon for TFB2 contained a Trich sequence element located 22 bp downstream of the transcription start site. Using an in vivo transcription termination assay, we demonstrated that this Trich element can function as a sequence-dependent transcription terminator, which may serve to downregulate expression of the tfb2 gene under both nonheat shock and heat shock conditions.
Families of proteins with similar total structure identified using statistical geometry

Two quantities, herein defined as the displacement and the uniqueness, describe quantitatively the total structural difference between two proteins. All possible pairs of protein chains in the Brookhaven database are characterized in terms of these quantities. Pairs of proteins with small values of both displacement and uniqueness, in secondary and super-secondary configuration spaces, have similar total structure. Proteins related in this fashion are grouped into 158 families of similar total structure. The radial displacement function is herein defined to characterize the relative displacement of a residue from the center of the mass of its protein. In addition, the residue backbone structure function is also defined to characterize the local configuration of the protein main chain in the vicinity of the residue. The values of polynomial convolutions of these two functions are characteristic of a particular tertiary structure type. These polynomial convolutions, together with other structural parameters, are used to verify the structural similarity of proteins belonging to the families indicated above. Variations in these polynomial convolutions illustrate the amount and sequence location of structural deviations between proteins of the same family.
Releasing the brakes on a chromatin-remodeling enzyme

Chromatin-remodeling enzymes use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to mobilize, disrupt or change the histone composition of nucleosomes, facilitating nearly every nuclear event. Two recent studies indicate that remodeling enzymes harness the power of an ancient constitutively active DNA translocase and that different remodeling enzymes may use specialized coupling domains that communicate the presence of nucleosomal epitopes to regulate translocase and remodeling activity.
Uniqueness properties of higher order dispersive equations

Abstract In this paper we study unique continuation properties of solutions to higher (fifth) order nonlinear dispersive models. The aim is to show that if the difference of two solutions of the equations, u 1 − u 2 , decays sufficiently fast at infinity at two different times, then u 1 ≡ u 2 .
The existence of non-minimal solutions of the Yang-Mills-Higgs equations overR3 with arbitrary positive coupling constant

This paper proves the existence of a non-trivial critical point of theSU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs functional onR3 with arbitrary positive coupling constant. The critical point lies in the zero monopole class but has action bounded strictly away from zero.
Alternative HIV testing methods among populations at high risk for HIV infection.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of awareness and use of alternative HIV tests (home collection kit, oral mucosal transudate collection kit, and rapid tests) among people at high risk for HIV infection. Methods. Data were collected as part of an anonymous, cross-sectional interview study—the HIV Testing Survey (HITS)—conducted in seven states from September 2000 to February 2001. Three high-risk populations were recruited: men who have sex with men, injection drug users, and high-risk heterosexuals. Respondents were asked about their awareness and use of alternative HIV tests. Results. The overall awareness and use of the alternative tests was limited: 54% of respondents were aware of the home collection kit, 42% were aware of the oral mucosal transudate collection kit test, and 13% were aware of rapid tests. Among those aware of alternative tests, self-reported use of the tests was also low. The most common reasons given for not using alternative HIV tests were: preference for the standard test; concern that the results could be less accurate; and that alternative tests were not offered. Conclusions. The low levels of awareness and use of alternative HIV tests suggest that the potential for promoting testing among individuals at high risk for HIV by encouraging use of alternative HIV tests has not been fully realized. Alternative tests should be made more broadly available and should be accompanied by education about these tests for physicians and people at risk. Educational efforts should be evaluated to determine if promoting alternative HIV tests increases the numbers of people at risk for HIV who are tested.
Dielectric coated wire antennas

An electrically thin dielectric insulating shell on an antenna composed of electrically thin circular cylindrical wires is examined. A moment method solution is obtained, and the insulating shell is modeled by equivalent volume polarization currents. These polarization currents are related in a simple manner to the surface charge density on the wire antenna. In this way the insulating shell causes no new unknowns to be introduced, and the size of the impedance matrix is the same as for the uninsulated wires. The insulation is accounted for entirely through a modification of the symmetric impedance matrix. This modification influences the current distribution, impedance, efficiency, field patterns, and scattering properties. The theory is compared with measurement for dielectric coated antennas in air.
Light-mediated conversion of nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide by carotenoids.

Plants are more susceptible to the toxic effects of nitrogen dioxide when exposure takes place in the dark. Beta-carotene and other common carotenoids react with nitrogen dioxide in the dark to yie...
“What They See as Acceptable:” A Co-Cultural Theoretical Analysis of Black Male Students at a Predominantly White Institution

This study uses co-cultural theory to explore how African American male college students select and enact communication strategies at a predominantly White institution when interacting with dominant groups. The authors use focus groups and individual interviews to examine the experiences of the participants. Three themes evolved from the data: (a) aggressive assimilation: negotiating stereotypes and self-identity, (b) nonassertive separation: negotiating marginalization and power imbalances, and (c) desire for accommodation: communication strategy impediments. They conclude with implications for co-cultural theory and suggestions for future research.
Effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on postpartum depression

BACKGROUND: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is commonly prescribed to women immediately postpartum due to its efficacy convenience and lack of estrogen. It is unclear whether administering a progestin injection can affect the course of postpartum depression (PPD) which some suspect to be influenced by hormonal changes. In this retrospective study the objective was to determine whether DMPA administered immediately postpartum influences the development of PPD. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of a total of 404 charts was conducted of clinic patients who were scheduled for 6-week postpartum visits at a major medical center where all patients are routinely asked to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The average scores on the EPDS at these visits were compared between patients who had received DMPA prior to postpartum discharge from the hospital and patients who had not received any hormonal contraception by using an unpaired t test. In addition the proportions of women diagnosed with PPD via the scale were compared via contingency tables. RESULTS: Fifty-five women who had received immediate DMPA were compared with 192 women with no hormonal contraception after delivery. The groups were similar in parity race mode of delivery and weight but women receiving DMPA were significantly younger (24.2 vs. 26.2 years p=.03). Mean EPDS scores at 6 weeks postpartum were not statistically significant between the groups (5.02 vs. 6.17 p=.16). Six patients (10.9%) who received immediate DMPA were diagnosed with PPD based on EPDS scores greater than or equal to 13 while 27 (14.1%) in the comparison group had PPD (p=.88). CONCLUSION: Administration of DMPA in the immediate postpartum period does not appear to predispose women to PPD. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Musical Resources in the Rutgers University Library

Wilkinson highlights a music collection preserved in Special Collections consisting of manuscripts and printed material from the early eighteenth century and music published in this country before the Civil War, as well as more modern publications that appeared in limited editions.
Materials and Device Characteristics of InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs

High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) based on the InAlAs/InGaAs heterostructure have been grown on InP by molecular beam epitaxy. At room temperature, typical sheet charge densities of 2.1-3.0×1012 cm-2 and Hall electron mobilities over 10000 cm2 /V-s are obtained. An electron mobility as high as 13000 cm2 /V-s is achieved with a pseudomorphic Iny Ga1-y As channel and a y value of 0.70. HEMTs with a T- or db-shaped gate and with gate lengths ranging from 0.1-0.25 fum have been fabricated. A record low noise figure of 0.7 dB with an associated gain of 8.6 dB at 62 GHz has been achieved with 0.1 fum db-gate devices, while T-gate devices exhibit a minimum noise figure of 1.2 dB with 7.2 dB associated gain at 94 GHz. Separately, a record fmax value of 455 GHz was determined by extrapolating at -6 dB/octave from the measured gain of 13.6 dB at 95 GHz. Power HEMTs using a double heterojunction structure exhibit a record peak power-added efficiency (P.A.E.) of 49% with 8.6 dB power gain and 0.30 W/mm power density measured at 60 GHz. When biased and tuned for maximum output power, our best 60 GHz output power density to date is 0.52 W/mm with 33% P.A.E. and 5.9 dB power gain using a single heterojunction HEMT scheme with pseudomorphic channel. A similar device also yields peak P.A.E. of 26% with 0.20 W/mm power density and 4.9 dB gain at 94 GHz. These results represent the highest P.A.E.S and power gains ever reported for any transistor at these frequencies.
Partial purification and characterization of intracellular car☐ypeptidase ofCandida albicans

Abstract Intracellular car☐ypeptidase was partially purified from the yeast form of Candida albicans H-317 by acid dialysis, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. Peptidase activity was measured with an enzyme-coupled colorimetric assay. Fractionation by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration indicated the presence of a single peak of car☐ypeptidase, with the isoelectric point at pH 4.6 and a molecular weight of 100,000. The pH optimum and apparent K m using N -carbobenzoxy- l -phenylalanine- l -leucine ( N -Cbz- l -Phe- l -Leu) as substrate were 6.5 and 2 × 10 −4 M , respectively. The best substrates for the enzyme were N -Cbz-Ala- X peptides, with N -Cbz-Ala-Leu giving the highest rate of hydrolysis. Substrates that gave 7% or less of the control ( N -Cbz-Phe-Leu) rate of hydrolysis were Gly-Leu, Gly-Phe, Ile-Phe, Ile-Met, Glu-Phe, Glu-Tyr, Val-Phe, and Pro-Phe. There was no detectable hydrolysis of the following N -Cbz peptides; Gly-Met, Gly-Val, Gly-Tyr, Gly-Ile, or Ile-Val. Enzyme activity was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, p -chloromercuribenzoate, benzyloxy-carbonyl- l -phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, and tosyl- l -phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, but was not affected by EDTA, tosyl- l -lysine chloromethyl ketone, pepstatin A, leupeptin, bestatin, or antipain. Although secretory proteinases are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of this organism, the role of this intracellular car☐ypeptidase has yet to be determined.
Bipolar Conducting Polymers: Blends of p-Type Polypyrrole and an n-Type Ladder Polymer

Bipolar conducting polymers, in which both hole transport and electron transport contribute to electronic conductivity, have been explored by chemical template synthesis of p-type polypyrrole (PPy) in the matrix of an n-type conjugated ladder polymer, poly(benzimidazole−benzophenanthroline) (BBL). Transmission electron microscopy images of the conducting polymer blends show that 5−20 nm diameter × 100−180 nm long rodlike PPy particles are randomly and homogeneously distributed in the BBL matrix, with connectivity of the PPy phase occurring at a volume fraction of about 0.17. The volume fraction dependence of conductivity of the BBL/PPy blends did not exhibit a percolation threshold at volume fractions as low as 0.007 nor can it be described by percolation-type effective medium theory. Room temperature conductivities as high as 60−70 S/cm were observed in the blends compared to 2 S/cm in pure PPy. The enhanced conductivity and the nonpercolation nature of these blends originate from bipolar charge transpor...
Influence of Audiogenic Seizures on Synaptic Facilitation in Mouse Hippocampal Slices Is Mediated by N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor

Summary: The influence of audiogenic seizures (AGS) on synaptic facilitation was studied in DBA/2J (D2) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice. AGS susceptibility is inherited in D2 mice, but can be acquired in AGS-resistant B6 mice through acoustic priming. The experiments were per formed on hippocampal slices obtained from D2 and B6 mice both with and without seizures. Long-term potenti ation (LTP) and low-Mg2 +-induced synaptic facilitation (LMISF) were evaluated after stimulation of Schaffer col laterals. The magnitude of LTP and LMISF was signifi cantly greater in slices obtained from mice with seizures than from mice without seizures in both strains. Seizure induced enhancement of LTP and LMISF was markedly reduced by the JV-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist AP-5. The noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK 801 reduced the efficiency of priming in B6 mice and abolished AGS in D2 mice and primed B6 mice, the data suggest that audiogenic seizures can en hance synaptic facilitation through activation of the NMDA receptor.