cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AGES: Automated Gas Environment System for in situ neutron powder diffraction.

High fluxes available at modern neutron and synchrotron sources have opened up a wide variety of in situ and operando studies of real processes using scattering techniques. This has allowed the user community to follow chemistry in the beam, which often requires high temperatures, gas flow, etc. In this paper, we describe an integrated gas handling system for the general-purpose powder diffraction beamline Powgen at the Spallation Neutron Source. The Automated Gas Environment System (AGES) allows control of both gas flow and temperature (room temperature to 850 °C), while measuring the partial pressure of oxygen and following the effluent gas by mass spectrometry, concurrent with neutron powder diffraction, in order to follow the structural evolution of materials under these conditions. The versatility of AGES is illustrated by two examples of experiments conducted with the system. In solid oxide fuel cell electrode materials, oxygen transport pathways in double perovskites PrBaCo2O5+δ and NdBaCo2O5+δ were elucidated by neutron diffraction measurements under atmosphere with oxygen partial pressures (pO2) of 10−1 to 10−4 (achieved using mixtures of nitrogen and oxygen) and temperatures from 575 to 850 °C. In another example, the potential oxygen storage material La1−xSrxFeO3 was measured under alternating flows of 15% CH4 in N2 and air (20% O2 in N2) at temperatures from 135 to 835 °C. From the oxygen stoichiometry, the optimal composition for oxygen storage was determined.High fluxes available at modern neutron and synchrotron sources have opened up a wide variety of in situ and operando studies of real processes using scattering techniques. This has allowed the user community to follow chemistry in the beam, which often requires high temperatures, gas flow, etc. In this paper, we describe an integrated gas handling system for the general-purpose powder diffraction beamline Powgen at the Spallation Neutron Source. The Automated Gas Environment System (AGES) allows control of both gas flow and temperature (room temperature to 850 °C), while measuring the partial pressure of oxygen and following the effluent gas by mass spectrometry, concurrent with neutron powder diffraction, in order to follow the structural evolution of materials under these conditions. The versatility of AGES is illustrated by two examples of experiments conducted with the system. In solid oxide fuel cell electrode materials, oxygen transport pathways in double perovskites PrBaCo2O5+δ and NdBaCo2O5+δ wer...
Intranasal migration of a 35-year-old orbital plate presenting as unilateral epiphora

Abstract Migration of orbital implants is a rare complication, which can present many years after initial placement and with a wide variety of symptoms. We describe a case of the oldest nasal foreign body in the literature in a 69-year-old male who presented with unilateral epiphora 35 years after a facial trauma. In-office examination revealed a fungal ball in the middle meatus surrounding a migrated silicone orbital floor plate. Our patient improved after removal of the foreign body and treatment for chronic bacterial and fungal sinusitis. He later underwent dacryocystorhinostomy for continued epiphora related to complications from his prior facial fractures. Although migration of orbital implants is a rare complication, any ocular or nasal symptoms should raise suspicion for complications of facial implant migration, even with a very remote history of trauma.
One for Me, One for You: Exploring Consumers’ Motivations to Share Referral Coupons: An Abstract

Given an increasing role of sharing and social networks in shaping retail behavior, firms have introduced an innovative promotional strategy based on social sharing. Social coupons, also referred to as referral coupons, involve a coupon set in which one coupon is meant for the primary recipient (e.g., an existing customer), while the second coupon is meant to be shared with the recipient’s social network (secondary recipient). Little is known about consumer motivations to share a social coupon or the barriers to sharing. Existing research suggests that consumers who share social coupons exhibit greater purchase intentions and higher purchase amounts (Hanson and Yuan 2017), but research is needed to understand what motivates the sharing act itself.
Ten-year summary of the Boulder Damage Symposium annual thin film laser damage competition

The thin film damage competition series at the Boulder Damage Symposium provides an opportunity to observe general trends in laser damage behavior between different coating types (high reflector, antireflector, polarizer, and Fabry–Perot filter), wavelength ranges (193 to 1064 nm), and pulse length ranges (40 fs to 18 ns). Additionally, the impact of deposition process, coating material, cleaning process, and layer count can be studied within a single year or more broadly across the history of this competition. Although there are instances where participants attempted to isolate a single variable to better understand its impact on laser resistance, this series of competitions isolates the variable of the damage testing service and protocol for a wide variety of participants to enable the observation of general trends. In total, 275 samples from 58 different participants have been tested at four different laser damage testing facilities over the last 10 years. Hafnia was clearly the best high refractive index material except for ultraviolet (UV) applications, although a wide range of high refractive index materials performed well. The best deposition process varied significantly between the different competitions. The best deposition process was dependent on the coating type, wavelength, and pulse duration. For 1064-nm coatings with nanosecond scale pulse lengths, e-beam coatings tended to be the best performers. For short-pulse length NIR mirrors and nanosecond pulse length UV mirrors, densified coating processes, which all involved sputtering of the target material, were the best performers. For UV antireflector (AR) coatings and excimer mirrors, both tested at nanosecond pulse lengths, they tended to favor very low energetic deposition methods yielding soft coatings, such as sol gel dip coating for the AR and resistive heating of fluorides for the excimer mirrors. Finally, cleaning method and layer count had a less obvious correlation with laser resistance over the history of this thin film damage competition series.
Proteomic Analysis Implicates Vimentin in Glioblastoma Cell Migration

We previously showed lithium chloride (LiCl) and other inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) including 6-bromo-indirubin-3-oxime (BIO), can block glioblastoma (GBM) cell migration. To investigate the mechanisms involved we used two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry to identify proteins altered after treatment of U251 GBM cells with 20 mM LiCl. Downregulation of the intermediate filament protein vimentin was the most significant change identified. Analysis of patient tumor samples revealed that vimentin is expressed abundantly in GBM, and is prognostic especially in lower grade tumors. Additionally, siRNA-mediated vimentin knockdown impaired GBM migration. Western blotting showed that treatment with LiCl or small molecule GSK-3 inhibitors led to the rapid downregulation of detergent soluble vimentin levels across a panel of GBM-derived cells. Fluorescence reactivation after photobleaching (FRAP) microscopy studies showed a significant reduction in the ability of the vimentin cytoskeleton to recover from photo-bleaching in the presence of LiCl or BIO. Biochemical studies revealed that GSK-3 and vimentin directly interact, and analysis of vimentin revealed a GSK-3 consensus phosphorylation site. We conclude that anti-migratory compounds with the ability to inhibit GSK-3 have effects on vimentin cytoskeletal dynamics, which may play a role in their anti-invasive activity.
Andrés PÉREZ-SIMÓN, ed. y trad., "Despistemes: la teoría literaria y cultural de Emil Volek (antología de textos)". Madrid, Verbum, 2018, 383 pp.

Review of Despistemes: la teoria literaria y cultural de Emil Volek (antologia de textos), book edited and translated by Andres Perez-Simon, Ph.D. Dr. Perez-Simon selects fifteen essays by Czech professor Emil Volek. The book includes seven essays translated into Spanish for the first time as well as an unpublished essay. The volume offers the Spanish language reader an approach to professor Volek's research interests through a selection of his work as a scholar and a critic of Latin American literature and culture, and of literary and cultural theories in U.S. academia.
What You Need to Know About Hair Transplantation

This chapter describes the technique of hair transplant surgery and touches upon some of the more contentious debates in the field. Two harvest techniques, follicular unit excision (FUE) and strip/elliptical harvest, are described, and the pros and cons of each are discussed briefly. The design of the surgery in the recipient area should mimic nature, creating the illusion of density by producing a grade of hair density using grafts with different numbers of hairs and different densities of recipient sites. The most significant limitation continues to be the available source of donor hair, although this supply can be somewhat expanded with the use of a combination of techniques. The latest developments in hair transplant surgery enable skilled and experienced surgeons to consistently produce undetectable results.
Case 32-2019: A 70-Year-Old Woman with Rapidly Progressive Ataxia

A Woman with Rapidly Progressive Ataxia A 70-year-old woman presented to the hospital with rapidly progressive ataxia. Imaging of the head and evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid were unremarkabl...
mSphere of Influence: A Community To Study Communities

Dominique Limoli studies polymicrobial interactions during cystic fibrosis respiratory disease. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how two papers (D. A. Hogan, S. D. Willger, E. L. Dolben, T. H. Hampton, et al., PLoS One 11:e0149998, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149998, and P. Jorth, B. J. Staudinger, X. Wu, K. B. Hisert, et al., Cell Host & Microbe 18:307-319, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2015.07.006) have influenced her thinking and research direction, which aims to understand interspecies bacterial communication during airway infections. These studies highlighted for her a need for new perspectives on the pathology of chronic infections in order to improve interventions.
Odinson: A Fast Rule-based Information Extraction Framework

We present Odinson, a rule-based information extraction framework, which couples a simple yet powerful pattern language that can operate over multiple representations of text, with a runtime system that operates in near real time. In the Odinson query language, a single pattern may combine regular expressions over surface tokens with regular expressions over graphs such as syntactic dependencies. To guarantee the rapid matching of these patterns, our framework indexes most of the necessary information for matching patterns, including directed graphs such as syntactic dependencies, into a custom Lucene index. Indexing minimizes the amount of expensive pattern matching that must take place at runtime. As a result, the runtime system matches a syntax-based graph traversal in 2.8 seconds in a corpus of over 134 million sentences, nearly 150,000 times faster than its predecessor.
An information fusion approach for conflating labeled point-based time-series data

In geographic data analysis, it is often the case that multiple aspects of a single phenomenon are captured by different sources of data. For instance, a storm can be identified based on its precipitation, as well as windspeed, and changes in barometric pressure. It proves beneficial in specific domains to be able to use all available sources of data, and some method must be used to integrate all of these sources of data into a singular decision, often in the form of a classification. This paper proposes the general form of what has been termed the Class Label Conflation Problem – the problem of taking a number of distinct and possibly conflicting sources in the form of spatially-located time series, and using this historical dataset to determine a class label at a new location. In addition to this formalization, this paper details an algorithm (called ACCL) to solve the general case of the problem. This algorithm has its foundations in information theory (specifically Dempster-Shafer Theory), supervised classification, and data fusion. An analysis of the algorithm demonstrates its effectiveness using synthetic datasets as well as the US Drought Monitor as a case study.
TRAP-based allelic translation efficiency imbalance analysis to identify genetic regulation of ribosome occupancy in specific cell types in vivo.

The alteration of gene expression due to variations in the sequences of transcriptional regulatory elements has been a focus of substantial inquiry in humans and model organisms. However, less is known about the extent to which natural variation contributes to post-transcriptional regulation. Allelic Expression Imbalance (AEI) is a classical approach for studying the association of specific haplotypes with relative changes in transcript abundance. Here, we piloted a new TRAP based approach to associate genetic variation with transcript occupancy on ribosomes in specific cell types, to determine if it will allow examination of Allelic Translation Imbalance (ATI), and Allelic Translation Efficiency Imbalance, using as a test case mouse astrocytes in vivo. We show that most changes of the mRNA levels on ribosomes were reflected in transcript abundance, though ~1.5% of transcripts have variants that clearly alter loading onto ribosomes orthogonally to transcript levels. These variants were often in conserved residues and altered sequences known to regulate translation such as upstream ORFs, PolyA sites, and predicted miRNA binding sites. Such variants were also common in transcripts showing altered abundance, suggesting some genetic regulation of gene expression may function through post-transcriptional mechanisms. Overall, our work shows that naturally occurring genetic variants can impact ribosome occupancy in astrocytes in vivo and suggests that mechanisms may also play a role in genetic contributions to disease.
Initial–final mass relation for 3 to 4 M ⊙ progenitors of white dwarfs from the single cluster NGC 2099

We have expanded the sample of observed white dwarfs in the rich open cluster NGC 2099 (M37) with the Keck Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer. Of 20 white dwarf candidates, the spectroscopy shows 19 to be true white dwarfs with 14 of these having high S/N. We find 11 of these 14 to be consistent with singly evolved cluster members. They span a mass range of �0.7 to 0.95 M⊙, excluding a low-mass outlier, corresponding to progenitor masses of �3 to 4 M⊙. This region of the initial final mass relation (IFMR) has large scatter and a slope that remains to be precisely determined. With this large sample of white dwarfs that belong to a single age and metallicity population, we find an initialfinal mass relation of (0.171±0.057)Minitial+0.219±0.187 M⊙, significantly steeper than the linear relation adopted over the full observed white dwarf mass range in many previous studies. Comparison of this new relation from the solar metallicity NGC 2099 to 18 white dwarfs in the metal-rich Hyades and Praesepe shows that their IFMR also has a consistently steep slope. This strong consistency also suggests that there is no significant metallicity dependence of the IFMR at this mass and metallicity range. As a result, the IFMR can be more reliably determined with this broad sample of 29 total white dwarfs giving Mfinal=(0.163±0.022)Minitial+0.238±0.071 M⊙ from Minitial of 3 to 4 M⊙. A steep IFMR in this mass range indicates that the full IFMR is nonlinear.
Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs)

The concept of Satellite‐Based Augmentation System (SBAS) has its roots in the 1980s. An SBAS is a system designed to improve global navigation satellite system (GNSS) service such that the augmented service meets the strict requirements of air navigation. This chapter uses the existing Wide Area Augmentation System L1 design to describe the different SBAS monitors. The SBAS protection level equations are based upon the observation that the error sources are approximately Gaussian and that an inflated Gaussian model can be used to conservatively describe the positioning errors. The SBAS integrity parameters sent to the users are the user differential range errors to bound the ranging errors to a specific satellite and the grid ionospheric vertical errors to bound the estimated errors in the SBAS ionospheric delay model. The chapter is intended to provide an overview to assist the reader in understanding how the different message types connect together to form a differential GPS correction.
Combining Indoor and Outdoor Measurements to Lower Uncertainty in PV Modules Performance

In this manuscript, we present an overview of our module self-reference (MSR) calibration results of PV electrical performance collected for over three years on a silicon module. Analysis and comparison of the results based on measurement uncertainty analysis enable the quantification of the major sources of uncertainty and an estimate of the total uncertainty of the MSR measurements. The control charts show that the mean values are consistent with uncertainty calculations for P MAX , V OC and I SC .
Quantitative Myocardial Blood Flow and Reserve with Low Dose Rest/High Dose Stress Regadenoson PET/CT-MPI: The Utility of Residual Activity Correction With N-13 Ammonia

24 Objectives: Tracer dose reduction is a desirable societal goal for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Residual activity subtraction methodology may allow for aggressive dose reduction in some instances and is the intent of studies designed to measure its effect on quantification of myocardial blood flow metrics in a variety of compressed dose adjusted protocols. We studied its utility of one such protocol using N13-ammonia. Methods: We studied 150 consecutive patients comparing quantitative myocardial blood flow and flow reserve using a unique low dose resting (6mCi) and high dose stress (16mCi) strategy with regadenoson PET/CT-MPI utilizing N-13 ammonia as the tracer both with and without residual activity subtraction methodology (Cedars QGS:QPS vs. Cedars QGS:QPS Residual Activity Beta Software). A four-ring detector, fully digital, GE Discovery MI PET/CT scanner was employed. All patients confirmed their abstinence of caffeine for a least 12 hours prior to the exam. There was a 10-15-minute delay between the resting and stress acquisitions. Dynamic data sets were acquired in gated list-mode and a 28-frame strategy for 10 minutes both at rest and with stress. CT free-breathing attenuation scans were performed prior to rest and post stress. A 60 second delay was built into the protocol between the completion of the regadenoson infusion and the hand injection of N-13 tracer over 20 seconds, each followed by a 20ml saline flush. Results: There were 76 female and 74 male patients studied. For the entire group, the global myocardial peak stress blood flow mean was 2.74 ml/g/min, SD=0.81, range between 0.62-5.21 ml/g/min, and median=2.65 ml/g/min. With residual activity subtraction the peak stress blood flow mean=2.62 ml/g/min, SD=0.79, range=0.54-5.14 ml/g/min, and median=2.55 ml/g/min. The mean difference between individual studies was 0.12 ml/g/min with SD=0.07 or about 4%. The measures were highly correlated with linear-fit R-squared=0.99. For myocardial blood flow reserve the global mean=3.48, SD=1.15, range=0.72-8.41 and median=3.4. The residual activity subtracted metrics measured: mean=3.32, SD=1.12, range=0.62-7.98, and median=3.23. Mean difference between the measures=0.14, and SD=0.09. By linear-fit the R-squared=0.99. Conclusion: Using the prescribed low dose rest/high dose stress regadenoson N-13 ammonia PET/CT-MPI protocol, residual activity subtraction results in only a modest downward adjustment to the measured flow and reserve metrics of 4% or less. More aggressive dose reduction with N13-ammonia for the stress dose trace activity will be feasible using residual activity subtraction methodology. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Angelina Aviles for data entry.
Photonic Tuning of Silicon Ring Resonators Using an Automated Microfluidic Mixer

We demonstrate automated tuning of microring resonators using 3D-printed microfluidic control. We use a custom 3D-printer that is capable of printing devices with sub 10 µm features and automatic pumping, mixing, and dilution operations.
Treatment of Neonatal Seizures: Comparison of Treatment Pathways From 11 Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Abstract Objective Seizures are a common neonatal neurologic emergency. Many centers have developed pathways to optimize management. We evaluated neonatal seizure management pathways at level IV neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the United States to highlight areas of consensus and describe aspects of variability. Methods We conducted a descriptive analysis of 11 neonatal seizure management pathways from level IV NICUs that specialize in neonatal neurocritical care including guidelines for electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, antiseizure medication (ASM) choice, timing, and dose. Results Study center NICUs had a median of 70 beds (interquartile range: 52-96). All sites had 24/7 conventional EEG initiation, monitoring, and review capability. Management pathways uniformly included prompt EEG confirmation of seizures. Most pathways included a provision for intravenous benzodiazepine administration if either EEG or loading of ASM was delayed. Phenobarbital 20 mg/kg IV was the first-line ASM in all pathways. Pathways included either fosphenytoin or levetiracetam as the second-line ASM with variable dosing. Third-line ASMs were most commonly fosphenytoin or levetiracetam, with alternatives including topiramate or lacosamide. All pathways provided escalation to continuous midazolam infusion with variable dosing for seizures refractory to initial medication trials. Three pathways also included lidocaine infusion. Nine pathways discussed ASM discontinuation after resolution of acute symptomatic seizures with variable timing. Conclusions Despite a paucity of data from controlled trials regarding optimal neonatal seizure management, there are areas of broad agreement among institutional pathways. Areas of substantial heterogeneity that require further research include optimal second-line ASM, dosage, and timing of ASM discontinuation.
The Inheritance of Mood Disorders

In this Chapter we will show that although much is known about the inheritance of mood disorders, we still have much to learn. Available studies weave a complex pattern of results that inform clinicians, educate students, and stimulate researchers. A complete review of relevant work is beyond the scope of a single Chapter; those who wish to learn more should consult comprehensive reviews (Faraone, Kremen, & Tsuang, 1990; Tsuang and Faraone, 1990) along with the original studies. Our goal for this Chapter is to provide an overview that orients readers to basic findings and future directions. However, before doing so, we briefly review the spectrum of conditions called mood disorders to create a nosological foundation for the studies to be reviewed.
Breast Cancer Associated Metastasis is Significantly Increased in a Model of Autoimmune Arthritis

Chronic inflammation is known to play a role in cancer initiation, promotion,and metastasis. However, the mechanism by which inflammation promotes metastasis is still unclear. We evaluated if chronic inflammation induced by autoimmune arthritis may contribute to increased breast cancer-associated metastasis. We report a three-fold increase in lung metastasis and a significant increase in the incidence of bone metastasis in the pro-arthritic mice compared to control mice. The metastatic breast tumors in turn augment the severity of arthritis resulting in a vicious cycle that increases both bone destruction and metastasis. Enhanced neutrophilic and granulocytic infiltration in lungs and bone of the pro-arthritic mice and subsequent increase in circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17, IL-6, VEGF, and TNF-x were the underlying factors contributing to the increased metastasis. The data clearly has important clinical implications for patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer.
Empirical evaluation of bureaucratic models of inefficiency

Two separate but related strands of literature exist regarding the efficiency of public sector service provision – the theoretical base developed in the bureaucratic models of supply and the methodological base developed in the operations research and economic literatures. Most analyses focus exclusively on either the measurement or causes of inefficiency. This paper seeks to empirically test bureaucratic models of supply by drawing on the measurement literature. In anticipation of the results, it is found that there does exist empirical evidence supporting some of the implications of these models.
Legal Affinities: Explorations in the Legal Form of Thought

This is my Introduction to Legal Affinities: Explorations in the Legal Form of Thought (forthcoming 2012) (co-edited with H. Jefferson Powell and Jack Sammons), a volume of essays dedicated to exploring the work of Joseph Vining. The Introduction introduces Vining’s phenomenology of law and surveys the themes and topics developed by the volume’s eight authors: Joseph Vining, Judge John T. Noonan, Jr., Rev. John McCausland, H. Jefferson Powell, Jack Sammons, Steve Smith, James Boyd White, and Patrick Brennan.
Evaluation of the RAMS Continuous Monitor for Determination of PM2.5 Mass Including Semi-Volatile Material in Philadelphia, PA

The real-time ambient mass sampler (RAMS) is a continuous monitor based on particle concentrator, denuder, drier, and tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) monitor technology. It is designed to measure PM2.5 mass, including the semi-volatile species NH4NO3 and semi-volatile organic material, but not to measure PM2.5 water content. The performance of the RAMS in an urban environment with high humidity was evaluated during the July 1999 NARSTO-Northeast Oxidant and Particles Study (NEOPS) intensive study at the Baxter water treatment plant in Philadelphia, PA. The results obtained with the RAMS were compared to mass measurements made with a TEOM monitor and to constructed mass obtained with a Particle Concentrator-Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (PC-BOSS) sampler designed to determine the chemical composition of fine particles, including the semi-volatile species. An average of 28% of the fine particulate material present during the study was semi-volatile organic material lost from a filter during particle collection, and 1% was NH4NO3 that was also lost from the particles during sampling. The remaining mass was dominantly nonvolatile (NH4)2SO4 (31%) and organic material (37%), with minor amounts of soot, crustal material, and nonvolatile NH4NO3. Comparison of the RAMS and PC-BOSS results indicated that the RAMS correctly monitored for fine particulate mass, including the semivolatile material. In contrast, the heated filter of the TEOM monitor did not measure the semi-volatile material. The comparison of the RAMS and PC-BOSS data had a precision of +/-4.1 microg/m3 (+/-9.6%). The precision of the RAMS data was limited by the uncertainty in the blank correction for the reversible adsorption of water by the charcoal-impregnated cellulose sorbent filter of the RAMS monitor. The precision of the measurement of fine particulate components by the PC-BOSS was +/-6-8%.
Federalized America: Reflections on Erie v. Tompkins and State-Based Regulation

The approaching 75th anniversary of Erie v. Tompkins permits a critical reassessment of Justice Brandeis’s landmark opinion. This article joins the growing body of critical academic literature, focusing on the implausibility of the claimed reasons for overturning Swift v. Tyson. Erie’s claim to safeguard a constitutional place for state law rings hollow when seen in historic perspective, especially if one looks at the underlying question of the role of common law tort claims to control railroad accidents. While the doctrinal claims of Erie may not hold up, the concern about the regulatory consequences of federal court prohibitory injunctions continues to resonate. The article tries to resuscitate this aspect of Erie, perhaps best understood as the Progressive response to the perceived excesses of the Lochner period. Read this way, the concerns of Erie continue to manifest themselves in current controversies over claims of implied preemption, despite the doctrinal distance from the actual doctrinal claims of Erie itself.
Risk and the Politics of Disaster Coverage in Haiti and Katrina

This article compares the news coverage of hurricane Katrina and the earthquake in Haiti. Despite the much greater loss of life and physical damage, the earthquake was covered as a manageable crisis while Katrina became catastrophic. This difference in the articulation of disaster had less to do with the actual type of event or damage and more to do with previous expectations regarding security, based in the conceptual apparatus of risk. The idea of risk provided a normative set of expectations about the ability to mitigate disaster. The comparison highlights the political work of disaster news in affirming racialized distinctions between “developed” and “underdeveloped” nations and the role that the idea of risk has in this mapping.
The Practice of Law as a Vocation or Calling

NY discussion of work as a calling or vocation necessarily will employ religious language and concepts. The very notion of be­ ing "called" implies a caller. The idea of calling has deep roots in the Hebraic tradition. The God of the Bible is a God who speaks to indi­ vidual persons and calls them to specific tasks. Indeed, throughout the Bible, God calls particular persons: God called Abram out of the land of his kindred to go to the land of Canaan;! out of the burning bush, God called to Moses to go to confront Pharaoh;2 in the year that King Dzziah died, God called Isaiah from the Temple in Jerusalem;3 on the road to Damascus, God called SaulJPau1. 4 Drawing upon this biblical concept, Christians have traditionally used the terms "calling" or "vocation" to refer to the work or activity that God desires and makes known for a person to do. s Christians believe that God calls particular individuals to do God's will. 6 When used in this sense, calling is a peculiarly personal issue. God "calls" specific individuals for specific purposes? I believe that all persons have a destiny-and by that I mean they have a unique calling from God. The work of the theologian and novelist Frederick Buech­ ner has been very helpful to me on these questions. s He emphasizes
The congruence imperative [personnel management]

Summary form only as given. The Ascent of Man continues and can be described as a global search for higher achievement. Higher achievement requires the contribution of individual experts to collaborative problem solving. The organizational goal is for individuals who are working near their top potential, who are satisfied with their assignment and have found personal goals that are congruent with the goals of the organization. These goals are most often met by challenging assignments. For managers, congruence means holding on to their top performers in the competition between productivity and personal growth. For individuals, self-leadership is required because empowerment has shifted the responsibility for problem solving from managers to the problem solvers. The leadership exercised by managers facilitates the process required for synergistic achievement. Success is in the hands of those who also implement. This becomes a partnership, a search for congruence in which the productivity needs of the enterprise are met, and the personal growth of the individual is sustained.
A petal breakstrength meter for Arabidopsis abscission studies

Abscission is the regulated dropping of plant organs, such as leaves or flower petals. This process involves a break down of the cell wall between layers of cells in the abscission zone, causing the organ to become detached. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana undergoes floral organ abscission. Various experimental methods have been used to study Arabidopsis floral organ abscission, including measuring the petal breakstrength, or the amount of force required to pull a petal from the receptacle. Petal breakstrength provides a quantitative insight into the physical integrity of the petal abscission zone. We developed a petal breakstrength meter that allows rapid data acquisition on a personal computer. We present the design of the device and show its utility in measuring Arabidopsis petal breakstrength for abscission studies. This petal breakstrength meter should enable researchers to perform the petal breakstrength assay as a routine part of the characterization of environmental and genetic factors affecting abscission.
Model of particulate organic carbon transport in an agriculturally impacted stream

The present contribution focuses on modeling the total particulate organic carbon (POC) and benthic POC transport from a lowland stream impacted by agricultural land-use. A mass balance, reach scale model is verified that accounts for water, sediment and POC transport, sediment and POC temporary storage and exchange with the streambed, and production and degradation of carbon pools in the benthos. We found that the POC load is highly variable during individual hydrologic events and is influenced by transport of mixed carbon sources including upland, streambank and benthic POC sources. Benthic POC stocks and transport were found to vary seasonally and annually but are in a state of long-term equilibrium. Equilibrium is governed by negative feedback mechanisms whereby high POC export due to extreme hydrologic events and high-frequency hydrologic events reduces benthic POC stocks and inhibits benthic POC growth. Benthic POC accounted for 4 tC y−1 or 22% of the total annual POC loading in the stream's main stem and 8.9 tC y−1 or 48% of the POC yield for the entire watershed. These results suggest that further attention should be given to benthic-derived POC when budgeting stream ecosystem carbon for low-order stream systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of Genetically Modified Animal Models for Drug Metabolism and Drug Transporters

Genetically modified animals (GEMA) provide in vivo tools to understand the role of enzymes, transcriptional factors, and transporters in drug disposition and drug toxicities. Several phase I and II enzymes, transcriptional factors, and the clinically relevant drug transporters have been reviewed in this chapter by highlighting how the animal models have elucidated or validated their role in drug disposition, endogenous substrate regulation, or drug toxicities. The utility of animal models in research and drug development provides in vivo tools to gain a better understanding of the role of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transcriptional factors, and transporters in the absorption, disposition, metabolism, and drug-related toxicities. Keywords: drug metabolism; cytochrome P450; xenobiotics; chimeric; humanized; knock-out; knock-in; clearance; half-life; phase I, phase II; nuclear receptors; nuclear transcriptional factors; drug transporters
Long-term everolimus treatment of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Background/Aims: Based on the significant prolongation of progression-free survival in a randomized phase III trial, RADIANT-3 (RAD001 in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors, Third Trial), everolimus has been approved for the management of advanced, progressive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). Here, we describe 15 participants in RADIANT-3 who were treated with everolimus at our study center. We report the long-term survival of a subset of patients. Methods: Patients with advanced, progressive pNET were randomly assigned to the everolimus arm of RADIANT-3 or received everolimus as open-label treatment after experiencing progression on placebo or during the unblinded phase. Results: Five patients on everolimus (5-10 mg/day) had stable disease for >43 to >76 months after initiating treatment. Three patients achieved stable disease for 19-25 months, but died of progressive malignancy thereafter. Seven patients had stable disease for ≤11 months after initiating everolimus therapy. Conclusion: Patients with advanced, progressive pNET can obtain long-term benefit from daily oral treatment with everolimus.
Body Mass Index and Major Cancer Surgery Outcomes: Lack of Association or Need for Alternative Measurements of Obesity?

Background Although surgical studies have reported inconsistent associations between increased body mass index (BMI) and operative outcomes, the accuracy of BMI for measuring obesity has been questioned in previous epidemiologic studies. Simultaneously, BMI has known comorbidities, which may mediate the effect of BMI if included in multivariable models. We sought to examine the effect of BMI on operative outcomes after adjusting for preoperative factors.
Theory of an experiment in an orbiting space laboratory to determine the gravitational constant

The paper analyzes an experiment in an orbiting laboratory to determine the gravitational constantG. A massive sphere, according to a suggestion of L. S. Wilk, is to have three tunnels drilled through it along mutually perpendicular diameters. The sphere either floats in the orbiting laboratory, with its center held fixed by means of external jets issuing from the spacecraft, or is tethered to the spacecraft. In either case it is free to rotate; in the second case this freedom would be achieved by a system of gimbals. Each tunnel contains a small test object, which is held on the tunnel's axis by means of a suspension system, perhaps electrostatic, and held at rest relative to the sphere by slowly rotating the latter by means of inertia reaction wheels, governed by a servomechanism. Fundamentally, one balances the gravitational forces on the test objects by centrifugal force, determines the latter by measuring the components of angular velocity, and calculatesG from the resulting balance. It is better to use three tunnels than one because their use minimizes the effects of the Earth's gravity-gradient. Many other measurements and corrections are required. The latter arise from Earth gravity-gradient, aerodynamic drag (with the tethered sphere), gravitational forces produced by the spacecraft itself, and the force reductions produced by the empty space in all three tunnels. After the consideration of these effects there is a presentation and discussion of the equations required to reduce the observations to obtainG. There then follow the extra equations, not needed in the reduction, that are required for a computer simulation to investigate the possible extraction of a test object and to aid in designing the servomechanisms. In Appendix B, I have devised another version of the experiment, in which the sphere is kept intact, but has short thin hollow ‘vestigial tunnels’ attached to the outside of the sphere, along perpendicular diameters. These external tunnels would contain the test objects and the suspension systems. The servomechanisms would then have to prevent collision of a test object with the sphere, as well as extraction. This second method could allow for some inhomogeneities in the sphere, would require no accurate drilling, and would make the suspension systems more accessible for construction and adjustment.
Response to Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Infusion in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Context: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), throughthehypothalamicpituitaryadrenalaxisandother brain stress systems, is involved in the emotional dysregulation associated with cocaine dependence. Little is known about the response of cocaine-dependent individuals to CRH administration. Objective: The primary objective was to examine the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the subjective and physiologic response to CRH in cocaine-dependent individuals and controls. Design: A case-control study.
Attenuation of First Sound Near the Lambda Transition of Liquid Helium

The attenuation of first sound near the lambda point can be interpreted as being due to two phenomena: (1) a relaxation process described by Pokrovskii and Khalatnikov occurring only below the lambda point, and having a relaxation time of $\frac{\ensuremath{\xi}}{{C}_{2}}$ where ${C}_{2}$ is the velocity of second sound and $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is a coherence length of magnitude $1.36\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}{({T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}\ensuremath{-}T)}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}2}{3}}$ cm; (2) a critical attenuation which is nonsingular and symmetrical about ${T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$.
Normal coordinate analysis of o-benzyne

Abstract The normal coordinate analysis of o-benzyne has been reexamined, with the G matrix based on a theoretically calculated molecular geometry. The proposed vibrational force field reproduces experimental i.r. frequencies within 2% for in-plane motions and 0.4% for out-of-plane fundamentals. In general the stretches of the strained ring system are stiffer and the bends more pliant than those of benzene. Bond length/bond strength correlations are not strictly followed; this is explicable in terms of π-electron overlap populations.
Reference values of amniotic fluid neuron-specific enolase.

Objective : Enolase is a dimeric cytoplasmic enzyme whose double &#110 isoenzyme, neuron-specific enolase, is predominantly found in neuronal and neuroendocrine tissues. Cell injury causes its release into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Neuron-specific enolase has been measured in the serum and CSF of adults and full-term asphyxiated neonates as a marker of neurological injury. We recently observed an elevation of neuron-specific enolase in the amniotic fluid of women whose neonates subsequently developed intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia. The purpose of our study was to establish reference values of neuron-specific enolase in the amniotic fluid as a function of gestational age. Methods : A total of 110 amniotic fluid samples, obtained primarily for genetic studies (16-20 weeks, n = 22), for evaluation of preterm labor (21-35 weeks, n = 66) and for fetal lung maturity studies (36-40 weeks, n = 22), were analyzed for neuron-specific enolase. Samples were from women who s...
Pattern of Failure of Head and Neck Malignancy (HNM) With Perineural Invasion (PNI)

Purpose/Objective(s): To evaluate treatment-related toxicity, disease control, and survival in patients with malignant melanoma of the head and neck with resected regional LN metastases treated with adjuvant hypofractionated IMRT. Materials/Methods: Between January 2004 and August 2011, 52 patients with malignant melanoma of the head and neck with regional LN metastases were treated with complete resection and adjuvant IMRT at our institution. Patients with known distant metastatic disease at the time of RT (nZ6) were excluded, leaving 46 patients for this retrospective analysis. Patients underwent neck dissection (nZ42) or wide local excision (nZ4) for regional LN involvement at initial diagnosis (nZ19) or as recurrence (nZ27). All patients had unilateral LN involvement only. Adjuvant IMRT using multiple 6 MV photon beams was delivered twice per week over 2.5 weeks for a total dose of 30 Gray in 5 fractions. The target volume included the ipsilateral (nZ44) or bilateral neck (nZ2). The primary lesion excision site was typically included in the treatment volume if the interval from excision to RTwas less than 2 years. Eighteen patients (39%) received adjuvant sargramostim (GM-CSF). Acute and late toxicities were recorded using the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 4. Site of first recurrence was defined as local-regional (LR, above the clavicles) or distant. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease recurrence risks were determined using Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates. Results: The median follow-up in living patients was 2.8 years (range, 0.2 6.9). Most patients experienced acute grade 1-2 dermatitis (80%) and mucositis (85%). Only 1 patient (2%) experienced acute grade 3 toxicity (parotiditis requiring hospitalization). A total of 8 late grade 2 toxicities requiring medical intervention were observed in 7 patients (16%), including serous otitis media (nZ2), soft tissue fibrosis (nZ2), xerostomia (nZ1), wound dehiscence (nZ1), lymphedema (nZ1), and hypothyroidism (nZ1). No patient experienced grade 3 or higher late toxicity. Site of first recurrence was LR alone (nZ5), both LR and distant (nZ1), and distant alone (nZ25). Five of the 6 LR recurrences were inside the RT target volume. In-field and total LR control at 3 years were 85% and 76%, respectively. Salvage LR treatment included revision neck dissection (nZ3) or wide local excision (nZ3). OS and DFS at 3 years were 63% and 25%, respectively. Conclusions: In patients with melanoma of the head and neck who underwent lymphadenectomy for regional LN metastases, adjuvant hypofractionated IMRT (30 Gy in 5 fractions) was associated with a high rate of in-field control and a low risk of severe toxicity. Author Disclosure: C.L. Hallemeier: None. Y.I. Garces: None. M.A. Neben-Wittich: None. K.R. Olivier: None. J.A. Garcia: None. P.D. Brown: None. R.L. Foote: None.
What Do Mainstream Middle School Teachers Think about Their English Language Learners? A Tri-State Case Study.

This article investigates teachers' attitudes toward English Language Learners (ELLs) at three middle schools in Texas, New York, and Pennsylvania. These schools have been critically impacted by the presence of ELLs, whether due to large numbers, or to smaller, concentrated populations in schools that traditionally have not served ELLs. This investigation highlights the commonly held belief that mathematics should be easy for ELLs because it is a “universal language.” Confounding this issue are reforms that have shifted school mathematics to a more hands-on, interactive, and language-based discipline. Survey results suggest that many teachers expect math to be easy for ELLs and that motivation is seen as critical to student success. Appropriate training and a better understanding of ELL issues were identified as key implications.
Suppression in auditory-nerve fibers of cats using low-side suppressors. III. Model results

Abstract A phenomenological model which simulates auditory-nerve (AN) two-tone suppression was developed. The model uses the output of the outer hair cell WHO to control the gain of the cochlear amplifier, which presumably affects only frequencies near the characteristic frequency (CF). Among other things, the model can simulate basic AN suppression patterns including the 1 4 to 1 2 cycle relationships which exist between phase of suppression and phase of excitation to the suppressor (SUP) tone alone (Cai and Geisler, 1996a). Without any changes, it is also able to simulate the experimental low-frequency biasing data and the suppression of CF component by the low-frequency SUP tone in the OHC outputs (Cheatham and Dallos, 1994). These successful simulations of the suppression patterns support the basic assumption in the model, that the saturation of OHC transduction current produces two-tone suppression. However, the amplitude behavior of the model fits that obtained only from AN fibers with high spontaneous rates (and from inner hair cells (IHC)), but not fibers with lower spontaneous rates. It appears, therefore, that other unknown mechanism(s) operating at stages following the IHC potential are important in determining the magnitude of low-side suppression.