cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Situational visualization

In this paper, we introduce a new style of visualization called Situational Visualization, in which the user of a robust, mobile visualization system uses mobile computing resources to enhance the experience and understanding of the surrounding world. Additionally, a Situational Visualization system allows the user to add to the visualization and any underlying simulation by inputting the user's observations of the phenomena of interest, thus improving the quality of visualization for the user and for any other users that may be connected to the same database. Situational Visualization allows many users to collaborate on a common set of data with real-time acquisition and insertion of data. In this paper, we present a Situational Visualization system we are developing called Mobile VGIS, and present two sample applications of Situational Visualization.
Streamlining geospatial metadata in the Semantic Web

In the geospatial realm, data annotation and discovery rely on a number of ad-hoc formats and protocols. These have been created to enable domain-specific use cases generalized search is not feasible for. Metadata are at the heart of the discovery process and nevertheless they are often neglected or encoded in formats that either are not aimed at efficient retrieval of resources or are plainly outdated. Particularly, the quantum leap represented by the Linked Open Data (LOD) movement did not induce so far a consistent, interlinked baseline in the geospatial domain. In a nutshell, datasets, scientific literature related to them, and ultimately the researchers behind these products are only loosely connected; the corresponding metadata intelligible only to humans, duplicated on different systems, seldom consistently. Instead, our workflow for metadata management envisages i) editing via customizable web- based forms, ii) encoding of records in any XML application profile, iii) translation into RDF (involving the semantic lift of metadata records), and finally iv) storage of the metadata as RDF and back-translation into the original XML format with added semantics-aware features. Phase iii) hinges on relating resource metadata to RDF data structures that represent keywords from code lists and controlled vocabularies, toponyms, researchers, institutes, and virtually any description one can retrieve (or directly publish) in the LOD Cloud. In the context of a distributed Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) built on free and open-source software, we detail phases iii) and iv) of our workflow for the semantics-aware management of geospatial metadata.
Neutron scattering study of NH4+ motion in NH4+ β-alumina

Abstract Incoherent inelastic neutron scattering has been used to study the motion of NH 4 + ions in NH 4 + β-alumina. The results establish that jump reorientation of NH 4 + ions is rapid compared to translational diffusion: The data are consistent with thermally activated jumps between equivalent NH 4 + orientations with a proton jump frequency of ~1.0 × 10 12 sec at room temperature. The data are inconsistent with either free rotation or unrestricted rotational diffusion. The residence time between translational diffusion jumps is >6 × 10 −11 sec at temperatures less than 473°K.
Case 64: Hypervascular Serous Cystadenoma

45-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a pancreatic tail mass during follow-up CT after recent pelvic surgery.
Abstract 270: Exercise During Pregnancy Restores Angiogenic Balance But Does Not Lower Blood Pressure in Rupp Hypertensive Rats

Although clinical studies suggest women continuing to exercise during pregnancy have a decreased incidence of preeclampsia, little is known regarding the effects of an exercise regimen started at the onset of pregnancy. Our laboratory has previously reported voluntary wheel running in rats for 6 weeks before and during (EBD) pregnancy increases circulating free vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), restores angiogenic potential, and attenuates placental ischemia induced hypertension. Our hypothesis was exercise during (ED) pregnancy without previous exercise training would decrease blood pressure and restore angiogenic potential in pregnant rats with reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP)-induced hypertension. Rats were given free access to running wheels upon confirmation of pregnancy, and running distance was monitored weekly. RUPP (n = 10) or Sham (n= 10) surgery was performed on day 14 of gestation (term=21). Arterial pressure (AP) was measured via indwelling catheter in conscious rats and tissues were collected on day 19. Serum angiogenic potential was assessed with an endothelial tube formation assay using human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). RUPP increased AP compared to Sham (123±2 vs 105±3 mmHg; P
Neurosurgical Otolarynology II: Endoscopic Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery

Successful endoscopic surgery of the skull base requires a rigorous understanding and comfort level with the surgical anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and adjacent vital structures including the orbit, optic nerve, carotid artery, cavernous sinus, and meninges. Since these structures are often protected by a thin barrier of mucosa-covered bone that may be violated by inflammation, neoplasm, or trauma, every case requires comprehensive presurgical imaging and planning. Anesthesiologists must also respect these unique anatomic relationships, as a surgery that is “going well” may quickly turn difficult in an area where the margin for error is small. Continued and effective communication between anesthesiology and surgical teams throughout the perioperative period helps ensure a safe and efficient surgical experience for the patient.
Characterization of FN-C/H-V, a Novel Synthetic Peptide From Fibronectin That Promotes Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cell Adhesion, Spreading, and Motility

Purpose. Fibronectin promotes corneal epithelial cell adhesion and motility in vitro and plays an important role in corneal re-epithelialization during corneal wound healing. Multiple domains contribute to the adhesion- and motility-promoting activity of fibronectin. The aim of this study was to identify amino acid sequences that contribute to the rabbit corneal epithelial (RCE) cell adhesion- and motility-promoting activity of the 33 and 66 kD carboxy-terminal heparin-binding fragments of fibronectin. Methods. Synthetic peptides derived from the 33/66 kD fragments of fibronectin were tested for their ability to directly promote RCE cell adhesion, spreading, and motility. To assess the contribution of these peptides to the activity of fibroneclin and the 33/66 kD fragments of fibronectin, synthetic peptides, and antibodies against these peptides were tested for their ability to block RCE cell adhesion, spreading, and motility. Results. In this study, we identified a novel peptide sequence derived from the 33/66 kD fragments of fibronectin, FN-C/H-V (WQPPRARI), that directly promotes the adhesion, spreading, and migration of RCE cells in a concentration-dependent manner. A second peptide from the 33/66 kD fragments of fibronectin, FN-C/H-1V (SPPRRARVT), promoted RCE cell adhesion and spreading, but did not promote RCE cell migration. In contrast, two synthetic peptides from the 33/66 kD fragments of fibronectin that were previously shown to promote RCE cell adhesion (FN-C/H-I and FN-C/H-III) did not promote RCE cell spreading or migration. Soluble FN-C/H-V inhibited RCE cell adhesion to surfaces coated with FN-C/HV, the 33/66 kD fragments of fibronectin, and to fibronectin. In addition, polyclonal anti-FNC/H-V IgG inhibited RCE cell adhesion to FN-C/H-V, the 33/66 kD fragments of fibronectin, and to fibronectin. Finally, polyclonal anti-FN-C/H-V IgG also inhibited RCE cell haptotactic migration on the 33/66 kD fragments. Conclusions. These data suggest that the amino acid sequence defined by peptide FN-C/H-V contributes to the adhesion-, spreading-, and motility-promoting activity of the 33/66 kD carboxy-terminal heparin-binding fragments of fibronectin. Given the important role of fibronectin in corneal wound healing, these findings provide additional insight into the complex molecular basis of corneal epithelial cell interactions with fibronectin and may be important in the context of corneal wound healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993; 34:153-164.
Critical infrastructure management for telecommunication networks

Telecommunication network infrastructures such as cables, satellites, and cellular towers, play an important role in maintaining the stability of society worldwide. The protection of these critical infrastructures and their supporting structure become highly challenged to both public and private organizations. The understanding of interdependency of these infrastructures is the essential step to protect these infrastructures. This paper presents a critical infrastructure detection model to discover the interdependency based on the model from social network and new telecommunication pathways, while this study focuses on social theory into computational constructs. The policy and procedure of protecting critical infrastructures are discussed, and computational results from the proposed model are presented.
Post-weaning Failure to Thrive in Pigs is Associated with Increased Organ Weights and Possible Anemia, but not Changes in Intestinal Function

A total of 96 weanling barrows were utilized in a 27 d experiment to determine the effects of post-weaning failure to thrive (PFTS) on organ weight, blood chemistry, and small intestine physiology and function. Thirty-two pigs from each of the lightest, median, and heaviest weight categories at weaning were placed in individual metabolism cages and allowed ad libitum access to water and a common nursery diet. After a 5 d acclimation period, growth rate was evaluated for 27 d. Pigs with ADG that were below two standard deviations from the mean were termed pigs with PFTS (n = 4). All other pigs were considered normal contemporaries. After the 27 d experiment, pigs were fasted overnight and humanely euthanized. Organs were emptied of digesta and weighed, blood was collected for analysis in a complete blood panel and white blood cell differential, and ileal samples taken for morphology and absorptive capacity analyses. Pigs with PFTS had increased (P < 0.02) stomach, intestine, kidney, and liver weights relative to body size. Additionally, PFTS pigs had decreased (P < 0.05) hemoglobin hematocrit, albumin, sodium, and anion gap concentrations, suggesting either anemia or increased dehydration compared to normal pigs. Finally, PFTS was associated with increased ileal villous crypt depth (P < 0.0001), but not with villous height or differences in absorptive capacity of various glucose or amino acids. These data suggest that pigs with PFTS may have a higher maintenance cost due to increased organ weight and a possible anemia or imbalance of blood chemistry. However, differences in post-weaning performance do not appear to affect small intestine function.
The Effect of i h Currents on Bursting Patterns of Pairs of Coupled Neurons

We study the rhythmic patterns of two model neurons that are coupled by reciprocal inhibition. One of the model neurons is an endogenous burster; the other is excitable but not bursting in the absence of phasic input. We show that the presence of a hyperpolarization activated inward current (ih) in the excitable neuron allows that neuron to fire once for every several bursts of the oscillator, depending on the amount of hyperpolarizing current injected into that neuron. This contrasts with the activity of the same network without ih where the excitable neuron fires after every burst of the oscillator or fails to fire completely.
Velopharyngeal Structural and Muscle Variations in Children With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: An Unsedated MRI Study:

Objective:The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common genetic cause of velopharyngeal dysfunction; however, limited information exists regarding variations in velopharyngeal anatom...
BRE DDR BR Whittwood CA LLC v Farmers & Merchants Bank (2017) 14 CA5th 992 (Commentary)

After a shopping center tenant (Tenant) defaulted on a secured loan, Lender took possession of the premises through foreclosure. Shortly thereafter, Lender transferred its interest to Third Party, who later stopped paying rent and surrendered the premises. Landlord sued Lender and Third Party to enforce the lease obligations, including payment of rent for the full term of the lease. The trial court entered judgment in favor of Landlord against Lender, reading the lease and the foreclosure documents to impose contractual obligations on Lender when it purchased the leasehold estate.
An Apparatus for the Automated Nondestructive Testing of Electroexplosive Devices Using the Electrothermal Transient Technique

An electroexplosive-device (EED) tester was developed by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) for the U.S. Army Munitions and Chemical Command under contract number DAAK10-84-C-0206. The tester was designed to nondestructively evaluate (NDE) eight different electrothermal devices at production rates up to 45 parts per minute. The tester automatically removes the device to be tested from an input tray, places it in a test fixture, performs an electrothermal transient test, and places the device into an accept/output tray or a reject bin, depending on the quantitative decision made by an analysis computer. The entire NDE is done without hazard to the operator in a self-contained, purged enclosure. The accept/reject criteria are operator-selectable and are applied through use of Boolean statements. Test results and measurement accuracy are designed to be equal to those achieved using laboratory instrumentation.
Adaptive Training: Designing Training for the Way People Work and Learn

Many people think “adaptive instruction” is synonymous with “personalized instruction” or training that is designed to appeal to the desires and whims of the individual learner. However, since the purpose of training is to support an organization’s needs for a fully competent and developed workforce, adaptive instruction is better thought of as training that is designed to change the training based on the learning needs of the individual (or group) as identified by gaps in the learner’s knowledge as well as the learner’s depth of understanding with the content. After all, the purpose of training is to “impact … individual, process, work team, and/or organizational performance” [1]. The adaptations are all about providing each learner with the training they need based upon precise gaps in the individual’s knowledge and skill level (e.g., novice or expert) with the content, all while ensuring the training is designed in line with learning theories about how people learn. For example, if the gap is for a specific motor skill, then the training will provide opportunities for the learner to practice, develop, and hone the skill. This could be done in virtual, simulated, or live environments. The reason for having physical practice is not because the learner “prefers motion” or is a so-called “kinesthetic learner,” but because the desired training outcome is physical performance of the task.
Recent acoustical studies of khaen pipes

A khaen pipe is an open bamboo pipe of effective length L, with the free reed located at approximately L/4. The physical length of the pipe is greater than L, with two rectangular tuning slots cut into the pipe defining its effective length and resulting in the presence of cylindrical end sections. Properties of individual khaen pipes and collective effects of two or more pipes sounding together have been studied both experimentally and with finite element modeling software. Special attention has been given to the role of the pipe end sections and the presence of coupling between pipes played simultaneously. In addition to the modes of an open cylindrical pipe expected for the main pipe section, the khaen pipe has modes involving either an end section alone or an end section and the main section together. The presence of these resulting end sections can significantly affect both sound radiation properties and the timbre of the radiated sound. Music for the khaen almost always involves multiple pipes sounding simultaneously, and the conditions for synchronization of slightly mistuned pipes have been studied.
Motivational Interviewing in Child Welfare Services: A Systematic Review:

Families in the child welfare (CW) system who cannot be engaged in services are at high risk of negative outcomes. As motivational interviewing (MI) has been shown to improve engagement in similar contexts. This study aimed to systematically review MI with CW families as well as MI training with CW workers and social work students training to become CW workers. The review used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and searched multiple databases in June 2018. In September 2019, the initial search was repeated with additional searches to identify gray literature. Eight studies described the acquisition of MI among CW workers or student trainees, and 11 studies evaluated the impact of MI on families in CW. MI's impact on some family outcomes, such as engagement in services, was mixed, though MI paired with other evidence-based treatments showed positive effects. With regard to training CW workers and students in MI, differences in training duration, intensity, and modality make conclusions difficult, though trainees generally described MI favorably and some studies showed training increased worker empathy and self-efficacy. Importantly, few published studies have evaluated whether MI-trained CW workers impact out-of-home-care placement, and no studies have evaluated their impact on maltreatment.
The fine structure ofPhycomyces: II. Organization of the stage I sporangiophore apex

The cytological organization of the apices of sporangiophores and hyphae ofPhycomyces Blakesleeanus was studied by means of light- and electron microscopy. The sporangiophore apex in growth stage I contains a mass of cytoplasm in which is embedded a cluster of lipid globules. Within the plug several zones are differentiated by the grouping of organelles. These zones are not separated by membranes. The most apical zone is low in nuclei and vesicles but rich in mitochondria and dense bodies. Below this zone lies a compact group containing up to several hundred nuclei. Along the midline of the cell, below these nuclei, lies an ovoid region from which vesicles, nuclei and mitochondria are excluded. In this ovoid “exclusion zone” lies the cluster of lipid globules mentioned above. Lateral to the exclusion zone (i.e. in the peripheral region of the cell) the cytoplasm is rich in nuclei, mitochondria, dense bodies, and especially in developing autophagic vesicles. Of these vesicles, the most mature are found farthest from the cell apex. The region between the exclusion zone and the upper end of the cell's large central vacuole is occupied largely by mature, swollen autophagic vesicles. In addition to the zonal organization described above, microtubules are found to run along the cylindrical cell's axis at a distance from the cell wall, and extend to the extreme apex of the cell. Similar tubules occur in growing hyphae, together with dense bodies, and the hyphal apex contains non-autophagic vesicles that increase in size with distance from the hyphal tip. The hyphae lack the zonation shown by sporangiophore apices. Perinuclear masses of cisternae are described and related to the dictyosomes of higher plants. The findings are discussed in relation to the function of the apices in tip growth and sporulation.
An experimental investigation of the onset of theL2-L3M4 andL2-L3M5 Coster-Kronig transitions forZ>90

L-M coincidence measurements were made on x rays from the radioactive decays of 96 244 Cm, 94 238 Pu, and 92 232 U. The observation ofM x rays in coincidence with theL 3 N 4, 5 transition indicates that the onset of theL 2-L 3 M 5 Coster-Kronig transition takes place atZ=91 or 92. The measured ratio of theM x-ray counting rates, coincident with theL 3 N 4, 5 andL 2 M 4 transitions, establishes that both theL 2-L 3 M 4 and theL 2-L 3 M 5 transitions are energetically possible forZ≧94, but the results do not rule out the possibility that these transitions begin as low asZ=92. The measurement ofL-M x-ray coincidences, together with relative Coster-Kronig electron intensities from theory or experiment, provides a new way to measure the totalL 2-L 3 Coster-Kronig transition probability,f 23, at highZ for radioactive sources where the primary vacancies are created primarily in theL 2 andL 3 subshells. The present result atZ=94 indicates that the theoretical calculations of McGuire of the relative partial Coster-Kronig transition rates forL 2-L 3 M 4,5 are accurate to within 10 percent.
Informing the Design of a Personalized Privacy Assistant for the Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) devices create new ways through which personal data is collected and processed by service providers. Frequently, end users have little awareness of, and even less control over, these devices' data collection. IoT Personalized Privacy Assistants (PPAs) can help overcome this issue by helping users discover and, when available, control the data collection practices of nearby IoT resources. We use semi-structured interviews with 17 participants to explore user perceptions of three increasingly more autonomous potential implementations of PPAs, identifying benefits and issues associated with each implementation. We find that participants weigh the desire for control against the fear of cognitive overload. We recommend solutions that address users' differing automation preferences and reduce notification overload. We discuss open issues related to opting out from public data collections, automated consent, the phenomenon of user resignation, and designing PPAs with at-risk communities in mind.
Designing an Experience Ecosystem on Campus

This paper summarizes an inclusive pedagogical experience from the perspectives of design educators and students. It is a case study of a collaborative capstone course at an established design program at a major university and a narrative of a sponsored project to redesign a service/experience-driven ecosystem on campus. Non-linear journey of interdisciplinary teams showcases how contextual experts from diverse background were able to embrace unfamiliar challenges. The participants in this study include senior level undergraduate students from various majors.
Evaluation of gas- and particle-phase separation methods for velocity measurements in turbulent multiphase flows

Two previously established and commonly used methods for separating gas and dispersed particle phases in images are evaluated and directly compared for the first time. Median filtering and subtraction (MFS; Kiger and Pan in J Fluids Eng 122:811, 2000) and two-parameter filtering (TPF; Khalitov and Longmire in Exp Fluids 32:252, 2002) are assessed using both synthetic and experimental data over a broad range of operating conditions to identify limitations in the applicability of the phase-separation methods in deriving instantaneous velocity fields, statistics, and derivative quantities such as vorticity. Both methods are applied to synthetic data containing a controlled number of objects (small tracers and large particles) with defined sizes and evaluated to determine how the methods alter the targeted phases in terms of objects lost and the addition of erroneous artifacts. Subsequently, PIV software is used to determine the effects of the phase separation-induced errors on the tracer images in terms of the derived gas-phase velocities. Both methods return results with sub-pixel PIV errors, with MFS slightly more accurate than TPF. The methods also are evaluated with experimental data from a turbulent multiphase jet. Both MFS and TPF reproduce the bulk (mean) gas-phase velocity, but fail to accurately estimate smaller-scale motions, producing mean error in the velocity fields as high as 25–30%. The errors are observed to be largely independent of large particle concentration indicating that the largest source of error is the direct alteration of the tracer images through the phase separation process. Significant errors are noted in instantaneous velocity fields and gradient quantities such as vorticity, with the MFS results being particularly unreliable. While TPF was shown to be more accurate, the processing time for TPF is several thousand times longer than MFS for the experimental images, limiting its applicability. The results indicate that low-order statistics may be recovered using the two phase-separation approaches, but resolving instantaneous turbulent motion of the continuum phase and fluid-particle interactions may not be possible with the phase-separation approaches.
We’re All Teachers Now: Remote Learning During COVID-19

This study examined educational experiences of families under COVID and their schooling decisions in the 2021 school year. Results from a survey of 1743 parents indicate most schools provided educa...
Texas Comanche Land Revisited: By Linda Nash Pelon. Abilene, TX: H. V. Chapman & Sons, Bookbinders, 2019. Acknowledgements & Preface xvi pp; 138 pp., maps, pictographs, color photographs, diagrams, bibliography, and index. $30.00 (PB). ISBN 978-1-940850-64-1.

Over the past 25 years, two aspects of Native American culture – the meaning of an Indigenous “sense of place,” and the role of Indigenous peoples in mapping frontiers of exploration – have become ...
Aggressive Nodular Malignant Melanoma

A subtype of malignant melanomas, nodular melanoma often carries a poor prognosis because of local invasion and frequent distant metastasis. Here, we report a case of progressive dyspnea due to one of the largest primary melanomas in the literature to date along with management strategies and elucidate some of the reasons why patients delay seeking care.
Ceruloplasmin: Copper Metabolism

Ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase I) first described in 1948, is the blue copper-containing oxidase present in the α2-globulin fraction of human serum (see Figure 3.5, Table 3.1). Close to 95% of the serum copper is located in this fraction.(1,2) The molecular weight of the major form of ceruloplasmin, referred to as ceruloplasmin I, is 134,000 ± 3000.(3) Consistent with its molecular weight, its sedimentation coefficient is 7.25s and diffusion coefficient 4.46 × 10 −7 cm2/sec. There are about 1065 amino acid residues in the molecule. The amino acid composition has been determined (Table 8.1).(3,4) Substantial progress has also been made in sequencing the molecule.(5,6)
Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the surface structure of oxide and metal-decorated oxide particles

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the surface structure and the photoreactivity of individual TiO2 crystallites with high spatial resolution. The photochemical reduction of Ag and Au salts to metals in aqueous solutions was used to generate Ag/TiO2 and Au/TiO2 catalysts with uniform, nanoscale metal particles. The effect of the titania crystal structure on the photodeposition was examined using rutile and anatase TiO2 crystallites. AFM can probe in situ both the metal deposition reactions and the surface structure of metal-decorated oxide particles. The distribution of the metal particles on individual TiO2 crystallites was not random. The concentration of metal particles was higher on certain crystallographic orientations, grain boundaries and surface defects. These methods can be used to define structure/activity relationships and investigate potential methods for manipulating the performance of TiO2-based catalysts and photocatalysts.
A Shortest 2-Basis for Boolean Algebra in Terms of the Sheffer Stroke

In this article, we present a short 2-basis for Boolean algebra in terms of the Sheffer stroke and prove that no such 2-basis can be shorter. We also prove that the new 2-basis is unique (for its length) up to applications of commutativity. Our proof of the 2-basis was found by using the method of proof sketches and relied on the use of an automated reasoning program.
Low-energy density correlation function of a degenerate unitary Fermi gas from the ɛ expansion

Using the $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$ expansion proposed in Y. Nishida and D. T. Son [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 050403 (2006)], we calculate the density correlation function and the dynamic structure function of the unitary Fermi gas at zero temperature to next-to-leading order in $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$ for excitation energies below the quasiparticle threshold.
Acylation is rate-limiting in glycosylasparaginase-catalyzed hydrolysis of N4-(4′-substituted phenyl)-L-asparagines

Glycosylasparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosylic bond between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and L-asparagine in the catabolism of glycoproteins. The mechanism has been proposed to resemble that of serine proteases involving an acylation step where a nucleophilic attack by a catalytic Thr residue on the carbonyl carbon of the N-glycosylic bond gives rise to a covalent β-aspartyl–enzyme intermediate, and a deacylation step to give the final products. The question posed in this study was: Is the acylation step the rate-limiting step in the hydrolysis reaction as in serine proteases? To answer this question a series of mostly new substituted anilides was synthesized and characterized, and their hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by glycosylasparaginase from human amniotic fluid were studied. Five N4-(4′-substituted phenyl)-L-asparagine compounds were synthesized and characterized: 4′-hydrogen, 4′-ethyl, 4′-bromo, 4′-nitro, and 4′-methoxy. Each of these anilides was a substrate for the enzyme. Hammett plots of the kinetic parameters showed that acylation is the rate-limiting step in the reaction and that upon binding the electron distribution of the substrate is perturbed toward the transition state. This is the first direct evidence that acylation is the rate-limiting step in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. A Bronsted plot indicates a small, negative charge (−0.25) on the nitrogen atom of the leaving group anilines containing electron-withdrawing groups, and a small, positive charge (0.43) on the nitrogen atom of the leaving group anilines containing electron-donating groups. The free energy (incremental) change of binding (ΔΔGb) in the enzyme–substrate transition state complexes shows that substitution of a substituted phenyl group for the pyranosyl group in the natural substrate results in an overall loss of binding energy equivalent to a weak hydrogen bond, the magnitude of which is dependent on the substituent group. The data are consistent with a mechanism for glycosylasparaginase involving rapid formation of a tetrahedral structure upon substrate binding, and a rate-limiting breakdown of the tetrahedral structure to a covalent β-aspartyl–enzyme intermediate that is dependent on the electronic properties of the substituent group and on the degree of protonation of the leaving group in the transition state by a general acid.
A comparative study of three moment-based shape descriptors

Shape is one of the fundamental visual features in the content-based image retrieval (CBIR) paradigm. Numerous shape descriptors have been proposed in the literature. These can be broadly categorized as region-based and contour-based descriptors. Contour-based shape descriptors make use of only the boundary information, ignoring the shape interior content. Therefore, these descriptors cannot represent shapes for which the complete boundary information is not available. On the other hand, region-based descriptors exploit both boundary and internal pixels, and therefore are applicable to generic shapes. Among the region-based descriptors, moments have been very popular since they were first introduced in the 60's. In this paper, we study and compare three moment-based descriptors: Invariant moments, Zernike moments, and radial Chebyshev moments. Experiments on the MPEG-7 shape databases show that radial Chebyshev moments achieve the highest retrieval performance.
Recurrent skin and soft tissue infections in HIV-infected patients during a 5-year period: incidence and risk factors in a retrospective cohort study

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common in the era of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among HIV-infected patients. Recurrent infections are frequent. Risk factors for recurrence after an initial SSTI have not been well-studied. Retrospective cohort study, single center, 2005–2009. Paper and electronic medical records were reviewed by one of several physicians. Subjects with initial SSTI were followed until the time of SSTI recurrence. Standard descriptive statistics were calculated to describe the characteristics of subjects who did and did not develop a recurrent SSTI. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate the risk of recurrent SSTI. A Cox regression model was developed to identify predictors of SSTI recurrence. 133 SSTIs occurred in 87 individuals. 85 subjects were followed after their initial SSTI, of whom 30 (35.3 %) had a recurrent SSTI in 118.3 person-years of follow-up, for an incidence of second SSTI of 253.6 SSTIs/1000 person-years (95 % CI 166.8-385.7). The 1-year Kaplan-Meier estimated risk of a second SSTI was 29.2 % (95 % CI 20.3–41.0 %), while the 3-year risk was 47.0 % (95 % CI 34.4–61.6 %). Risk factors for recurrent SSTI in a multivariable Cox regression model were non-hepatitis liver disease (HR 3.44; 95 % CI 1.02–11.5; p = 0.05), the presence of an intravenous catheter (HR 6.50; 95 % CI 1.47–28.7; p = 0.01), and a history of intravenous drug use (IVDU) (HR 2.80; 95 % CI 1.02-7.65; p = 0.05); African-American race was associated with decreased risk of recurrent SSTI (HR 0.12; 95 % CI 0.04-0.41; p < 0.01). Some evidence was present for HIV viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL as an independent risk factor for recurrent SSTI (HR 2.21; 95 % CI 0.99-4.94; p = 0.05). Hemodialysis, currently taking HAART, CD4+ count, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or azithromycin use, initial SSTI type, diabetes mellitus, incision and drainage of the original SSTI, or self-report of being a man who has sex with men were not associated with recurrence. Of HIV-infected patients with an SSTI, nearly 1/3 had a recurrent SSTI within 1 year. Risk factors for recurrent SSTI were non-hepatitis liver disease, intravenous catheter presence, a history of IVDU, and non-African-American race. Low CD4+ count was not a significant risk factor for recurrence.
Effects of normal and activated cell fractions on the growth of tubercle bacilli.

Abstract Fractions prepared from normal and activated liver cells were tested for the antimycobacterial activity by the agar plate diffusion test. Results showed that lysosome extracts of normal and activated cells exerted no antibacterial activity, cell extracts and lysosome membranes exerted some activity, and cell membranes exerted the strongest activity. The active materials of activated cells exerted stronger antituberculous activity than the corresponding materials of normal cells. Degrees of the antimycobacterial activity of various cell fractions showed a close correlation with the amounts of nonesterified fatty acids. This correlation, as well as other data, suggested that the antimycobacterial activity of cell fractions was caused by toxic fatty acids which were produced during the hydrolysis of lipoporteins or phospholipids by the activity of tissue lipases. The relationship of these findings to the mechanism of cellular immunity is discussed.
Characterization Of Multi-segment Organic Thermal Actuators

Novel multi-segment organic thermal actuators have been fabricated which consist of Ti/W thin-film heater resistors embedded between two different polyimide layers. Power dissipated in the resistor in each segment causes a local temperature increase and mechanical movement. Each segment can be individually actuated. The temperature coefficient of resistance of the heaters was first shown to be linear and then used with a custom drive circuit to provide dynamic temperature measurements at desired segments during operation. The actuators were operated in room air, in liquids, and in vacuum; their dynamic operating characteristics were measured and their operation as vacuum sensors was demonstrated.
The distribution of cosmogenic 7BE in salt marsh sediments

Two related factors affect the vertical distribution and inventory of /sup 7/Be (53-day half life) in salt marsh sediments: (1) the movement of pore water, and (II) the vegetation. Infiltration of rainwater into unsaturated sediment distributes /sup 7/Be over several centimeters depth without disturbing the sediment fabric. The sediment inventory of /sup 7/Be expected from its atmospheric flux could only be accounted for in vegetated areas where foliage traps /sup 7/Be from rainfall and surface flow. These factors lead to hetero-geneous vertical and lateral distributions of /sup 7/Be throughout the marsh, and may also affect the sediment distribution of the other trace substances, such as /sup 210/Pb, /sup 137/Cs, and heavy metals.
Good, bad, or in‐between: How does the daily behavior report card rate?

Our purpose here was to define and review the daily behavior report card (DBRC) as a monitoring and/or intervention technique. We considered a measure of a DBRC to be if a specified behavior was rated at least daily, and that information was shared with someone other than the rater. In general, it has been suggested that DBRCs may be feasible, acceptable, effective in promoting a positive student, and a way to increase parent/teacher communication. In addition, DBRCs are highly adaptive in that they represent a broad array of both monitoring and intervention possibilities rather than having a single, scripted purpose. All of these characteristics make the DBRC appealing for use in applied settings. However, an extensive, methodologically sound literature base does not yet exist. Despite the appeal of using DBRCs, widespread endorsement cannot be made without caution. We conclude with implications for use in practice and highlight areas in need of further investigation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The importance of local eosinophilia in the surgical outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis: a 3-year prospective observational study

Methods A prospective mono-centre study including 221 CRS patients who were unresponsive to medical treatment and underwent ESS, was performed. All tissue and sinonasal secretions were microscopically examined for the presence of eosinophils, EM and FH. Patients were followed for 3 years after surgery. Recurrence was defined according to the EPOS clinical control assessment, based on nasal endoscopy, symptoms and the need for systemic treatment.
Simple features of mantle-wide convection and the interpretation of lower-mantle tomograms

Abstract Simple fluid dynamic constraints aid in the interpretation of lower mantle tomograms. The geothermal gradient away from slabs and plumes is subadiabatic between the upper (lithosphere) and lower (D″) boundary layers by ∼400 K. Slabs widen proportionally with the square root of the viscosity as they sink through the lower mantle. The time scale for the persistence of slab graveyards at the base of the mantle is comparable to the time for plate motions to reorganize ∼120–200 Myr. At most a few starting plume heads currently exist in the lower mantle. Tomographic inversions may include more sophisticated numerical-modeling versions of these constraints.
Have increasing rates of defibrillator implantation reduced the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?

t I p p a o w a T p f t t t m n Rochester, Minnesota, provides a unique opportunity to ook at the change in the incidence of out-of-hospital cariac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) over time and o examine the potential role of the implantable cardioverter efibrillator (ICD) in the reduction of VF out-of-hospital ardiac arrest. A single agency responds to all VF out-ofospital cardiac arrests and a single clinic follows all ICD atients; both the agency and clinic have carefully mainained records of their activities for many years. Using data rom these two sources from 1985 to 2002, Bunch et al ave nicely documented a decrease in the incidence of VF ut-of-hospital cardiac arrest from 26.3/100,000 to .7/100,000 and an increase in the frequency of termination f malignant ventricular arrhythmias by ICDs from 0 to .5/100,000. The authors postulate that the prevention of ardiac arrest by ICDs may be one factor in the reduction in F out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in their city and other ities in recent years. The data clearly show that, during the 17-year study eriod, the incidence of VF out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as decreased and that the rate of ICD placement and, more mportantly, the frequency of termination of episodes of apid ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation VF) by ICDs have increased. Is there any reason to believe hat there is a causal association between these two obserations? I believe a careful examination of the data and a eview of what we know about the epidemiology of VF ut-of-hospital cardiac arrest suggest that, over the study eriod, the ICD had very little to do with the overall reducion in VF out-of-hospital cardiac arrest observed in Rochster. First, the timing of the reduction in the incidence of F out-of-hospital cardiac arrest does not correlate well ith the increase in treatment of VF out-of-hospital cardiac rrest. The termination of malignant ventricular arrhythmias y ICDs did not occur until the 1990–1994 period when here was an incidence of 1.1/100,000, while the reduction n the incidence of VF out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during he period before introduction of the ICD was 8.1/100,000.
Evidence of incomplete behavioral sexual differentiation in obese male Zucker rats.

Abstract Genetically obese male Zucker rats displayed lower rates of intromission behavior and ejaculated in significantly fewer tests than lean Zucker littermates. After castration and daily injections of a low dosage (5 μg/kg) or estradiol benzoate (EB) followed by progesterone (1 mg/kg), obese males displayed significantly higher lordosis quotients than lean controls. Continued daily administration of higher (10, 15 μg/kg) dosages of EB followed by progesterone caused significant reductions in lordotic responsiveness in obese males but not in lean controls. Thus, deficient masculine coital performance was correlated with altered receptive responsiveness to ovarian steroids in obese Zucker male rats. This suggests that the sexual differentiation of the developing brain may be deficient in obese Zucker males.
Chloro complexes of copper(II) and copper(I) in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 2-butanol and acetone

Abstract The chloro complexes of copper(II) and copper(I) in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 2-butanol, and acetone have been investigated by voltammetry. Log βCuCl2- values in the solvents in the order listed above are: 9.3, 12.3, 13.4, 14.1, and 19.2. For the copper(II) complexes, log βCucl+ in methanol is 4.9 and in ethanol,
Production of lymphoid tissue in the rat brain by implants containing phytohemagglutinin.

Large numbers of plasmacytes and lymphocytic cells develop at the tip of miniature pipettes containing phytohemagglutinin (PHA) implanted into the brain of adult Lewis rats. The accumulation of lymphoid elements is present in tissue exposed to PHA for 1 week, and it persists in animals which were allowed to survive up to 10 weeks. It did not occur around control or non-active implants. Lymphoid cells usually serve as a morphologic index of immune mediated phenomena, but no evidence was seen in the present study to indicate that they produce damage to axons, dendrites or glial cells of the central nervous system despite direct contact with them. Plasma cells in the brain appear to develop from “dark” cells resembling lymphocytes that migrate into the central nervous system from reactive lymphoid tissue near the tip of the implant. Nerve, glial and subependymal cells do not respond with mitogenic activity to PHA.
The comparative enhancement of the depressant action of alcohol by eight representative ataractic and analgesic drugs

Eine Methode zur Messung der Potenzierung von Tranquilizern und Analgetika auf Athanoldepression wird beschrieben. Unbeweglichkeit von Mausen wird als Kriterium der Depression genommen. Die funf Tranquilizer, die gebraucht wurden, haben Athanol in verschiedenen Graden potenziert. Von den drei analgetischen Drogen hat Morphin, nicht aberd-Propoxyphen und Codein, Athanolnarkose potenziert.
An Atypical Role for Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 (CRMP-2) in Neurotransmitter Release via Interaction with Presynaptic Voltage-gated Calcium Channels *

Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) specify axon/dendrite fate and axonal growth of neurons through protein-protein interactions. Their functions in presynaptic biology remain unknown. Here, we identify the presynaptic N-type Ca2+ channel (CaV2.2) as a CRMP-2-interacting protein. CRMP-2 binds directly to CaV2.2 in two regions: the channel domain I-II intracellular loop and the distal C terminus. Both proteins co-localize within presynaptic sites in hippocampal neurons. Overexpression in hippocampal neurons of a CRMP-2 protein fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein caused a significant increase in Ca2+ channel current density, whereas lentivirus-mediated CRMP-2 knockdown abolished this effect. Interestingly, the increase in Ca2+ current density was not due to a change in channel gating. Rather, cell surface biotinylation studies showed an increased number of CaV2.2 at the cell surface in CRMP-2-overexpressing neurons. These neurons also exhibited a significant increase in vesicular release in response to a depolarizing stimulus. Depolarization of CRMP-2-enhanced green fluorescent protein-overexpressing neurons elicited a significant increase in release of glutamate compared with control neurons. Toxin block of Ca2+ entry via CaV2.2 abolished this stimulated release. Thus, the CRMP-2-Ca2+ channel interaction represents a novel mechanism for modulation of Ca2+ influx into nerve terminals and, hence, of synaptic strength.
972-102 Suppression of ICAM-1 and P-Selectin Adhesion Molecule Expression by Bolus IV Liposomal PGE1 (TLC-C53) Immediately Prior to Reperfusion in a Two Hour Canine Infarct/Reperfusion Model

Bolus administration of 2 μ/kg Liposomal PGEl (TLC-C53) after 2 hrs of ischemia inhibits WBC accumulation into ischemic tissue and significantly reduces infarct size upon reperfusion. To test the hypothesis that inhibition of adhesion molecule expression was the mechanism of this observation we studied 11 dogs subjected to 2 hrs of ischemia followed by 3 hrs of reperfusion, Animals were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or 2 μ/kg TLC-C53 just prior to reperfusion, Samples obtained from the coronary sinus at baseline and at various intervals throughoutthe experiment were analyzed for expression of L-Selectin (CL2) and C011 b (MY 904) on WBC using indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. After sacrifice, tissue samples obtained from the infarct, border, risk and control regions were analyzed for WBC infiltration (myeloperoxidase) and expression of ICAM-1 (CL18) and PSelectin (MD3) on the endothelium using immuno-histochemistry, Intensity of staining was graded from (no stain I to 31 intense stain). Results No differences in WBC mean channel fluorescence between the treatment and control groups could be detected for either L-Selectin or C011 b. Risk region expression of ICAM-l was reduced from 2.6 ± 0.6 to 0.9 ± 0.6 (p l 0.001) and P-Selectin from 1.6 ± 0.6 to 0.9 ± 0.8 (p l 0.01), In farct zone myeloperoxidase was reduced from 0.28 ± 0.1 to 0.1 ± 0.1 U/l00 mg (p = 0.03) Conclusion Bolus IV administration of TLC-C53 at reperfusion suppresses expression of ICAM-l and P-Selectin on ischemic but viable endothelium and prevents secondary (presumably lethal) WBC myocardial infiltration, The effect of TLC-C53 on WBC adhesion molecule expression may be less marked, We propose that inhibition of adhesion molecules in ischemic myocardium is the principle mechanism of infarct salvage by TLC-C53.
Two vierbein formalism for string inspired axionic gravity

Using independent left and right vierbeins to describe a graviton plus axion as suggested by string mechanics, $\mathrm{O}(d, d)$ duality is realized linearly.