cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IL-18 Synergizes with IL-7 To Drive Slow Proliferation of Naive CD8 T Cells by Costimulating Self-Peptide–Mediated TCR Signals

Naive T cell populations are maintained in the periphery at relatively constant levels via mechanisms that control expansion and contraction and are associated with competition for homeostatic cytokines. It has been shown that in a lymphopenic environment naive T cells undergo expansion due, at least in part, to additional availability of IL-7. We have previously found that T cell-intrinsic deletion of TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 6 (TRAF6ΔT) in mice results in diminished peripheral CD8 T cell numbers. In this study, we report that whereas naive TRAF6ΔT CD8 T cells exhibit normal survival when transferred into a normal T cell pool, proliferation of naive TRAF6ΔT CD8 T cells under lymphopenic conditions is defective. We identified IL-18 as a TRAF6-activating factor capable of enhancing lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP) in vivo, and that IL-18 synergizes with high-dose IL-7 in a TRAF6-dependent manner to induce slow, LIP/homeostatic-like proliferation of naive CD8 T cells in vitro. IL-7 and IL-18 act synergistically to upregulate expression of IL-18R genes, thereby enhancing IL-18 activity. In this context, IL-18R signaling increases PI3K activation and was found to sensitize naive CD8 T cells to a model noncognate self-peptide ligand in a way that conventional costimulation via CD28 could not. We propose that synergistic sensitization by IL-7 and IL-18 to self-peptide ligand may represent a novel costimulatory pathway for LIP.
Pretend play in childhood: An integrative review.

FEIN, GRETA G. Pretend Play in Childhood: An Integrative Review. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1981, 52, 1095-1118. Pretend play is a pervasive behavior that has attracted considerable attention over the past decade. In the article, the research is reviewed in the context of the diverse theoretical orientations that have stimulated these efforts. The most productive theoretical positions tend to deal with selected aspects of the behavior (e.g., solitary or social pretense, developmental change, individual differences, environmental factors) rather than its entirety. Recent contributions have offered a refined account of developmental changes in pretense and an examination of the behavioral processes involved. Studies of individual differences suggest that pretense may reflect a stable personality trait, although evidence concerning antecedent factors is inconclusive. Training studies have demonstrated procedures for increasing spontaneous pretense, and some of these suggest a relation between enhanced play and improved performance on measures of social and cognitive functioning. Other procedures have been used to demonstrate a relation between pretense and creativity. Although outcome studies have become increasingly sophisticated, they pose numerous interpretive problems. Areas in need of further inquiry are discussed with respect to issues that require theoretical or empirical clarification.
Discussion on “Quickest Detection Problems: Fifty Years Later” by Albert N. Shiryaev

Abstract In this discussion, I have added some comments and observations that arose after I read the masterfully prepared article of Professor Albert Shiryaev.
Formal verification of circuit-switched Network on chip (NoC) architectures using SPIN

Simulation techniques cannot cope with the distributive and reactive nature of Network on chip (NoC) architectures very well and thus compromise on the accuracy of the analysis results. Formal verification has been used to overcome these challenges but, to the best of our knowledge, has been mainly used for the verification of packet-switched NoC's. The main focus of this paper is on the formal verification of circuit-switched NoC's, which provide a dedicated channel for all communications with full bandwidth and thus are found to be more efficient than packet-switched NoCs in many contexts. In particular, the paper presents a generic methodology for the formal verification of circuit-switched NoC using the SPIN model checker. The proposed methodology provides generic modelling guidelines and identifies some properties, including deadlock freedom, starvation freedom, mutual exclusion and liveness, that are quite useful in the context of circuit-switched NoC. For illustration purposes, we use our methodology to verify the programmable NoC (PNoC) architecture, which is one of the most widely used circuit-switched NoC.
Use of macroalgae for marine biomass production and CO2 remediation: a review

Biomass production from macroalgae has been viewed as important mainly because of the need for pollution abatement. Environmental considerations will increasingly determine product and process acceptability and drive the next generation of economic opportunity. Some countries, including Japan, are actively promoting "green" technologies that will be in demand worldwide in the coming decades. Should an international agreement on CO2-reduction be ratified, its effective use for energy production would be of high priority. This report shows that macroalgae have great potential for biomass production and CO2 bioremediation. Macroalgae have high productivity, as great or greater than the most productive land plants, and do not compete with terrestrial crops for farm land. The review focuses on recent data on productivity, photosynthesis, nutrient dynamics, optimization and economics. Biomass from macroalgae promises to provide environmentally and economically feasible alternatives to fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the techniques and technologies for growing macroalgae on a large-scale and for converting feedstocks to energy carriers must be more fully developed.
Redefining toxic distal axonopathies.

Nerve damage classified as a central-peripheral distal axonopathy is produced by a variety of chemicals (e.g. acrylamide, n-hexane). Historically, axon swelling and secondary degeneration have been considered the morphologic hallmarks of toxic axonopathies and substantial research has been devoted toward deciphering corresponding molecular mechanisms. However, recent studies from the author's laboratory investigating rate (mg toxicant/kg/day) and route (i.p. vs gavage) of intoxication have shown that swelling and degeneration were related to neurotoxicant dosing conditions (i.e. low-dose, subchronic exposure) and not to development of neurophysiological deficits or classic behavioral toxicity. This suggests the presumed hallmarks of distal axonopathy are epiphenomena of uncertain pathophysiologic significance. Therefore, the current definition of and chemical classification scheme for toxic distal axonopathies requires re-evaluation.
Detailed molecular simulations to investigate multicomponent diffusion models

The theoretical treatment of multicomponent diffusion is complicated by the generally unknown dependence of diffusivities on the local concentration of species. As pointed out by Nauman and Savoca in 2001, the standard treatment uses an n-1 by n-1 matrix of diffusion coefficients for an n-component system and can give anomalous and non-physical results when there is no dominant component and when the various components have significantly different diffusivities. Although theoretically resolved by postulating diffusivities with suitable concentration dependence, there has been no practical resolution of this problem short of unrealistic, exhaustive experimentation. Nauman and Savoca proposed two models for multicomponent diffusion that produce only physically possible results, but they were unable to suggest which model was better. This article reports on molecular dynamic experiments that were designed to differentiate between the models. Specifically studied were ternary, liquid mixtures of ethane, octane, and hexadecane. It was found that the proportional flux model agrees with the molecular simulations. No cross-diffusion was observed in agreement with this model and in contrast to the alternative, pair-wise flux model. The proportional flux model is easy to implement and requires a minimum of data, although detailed, compositional dependent diffusion coefficients can be incorporated into the model when such data are available. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Inhalation Toxicity of an Isomeric Mixture of Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) 225 in Male Rats

A blend of the hydrochlorofluorocarbon isomers HCFC-225ca and HCFC-225cb has been proposed as a potential substitute for CFC-113, an important solvent and cleaning agent. The toxicity following repeated inhalation of an HCFC-225 isomer mixture was assessed in male Crl:CDBR rats. Three groups of 10 male rats were exposed to the test compound in air at design concentrations of 500, 5000, and 13,000 ppm. Rats were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. A control group of 10 male rats was exposed to air only. Decreased serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose; dose-related increased mean absolute and relative liver weights; and microscopic hepatocellular hypertrophy were present at all exposure concentrations. Hepatocellular hypertrophy correlated ultrastructurally to proliferation of peroxisomes. Clinical chemical parameters and organ weight and morphologic changes in the liver were reversible following 14 days of recovery.
Psychoanalysis and Burkeian rhetorical criticism

There is a complex relationship between Burkeian and Freudian theory. By making explicit some of the Freudian theory implicit in Burke's writings while preserving the proportionality of motives in Burkeian theory, we can better understand the symbolic functions of the presidency, in particular their role in Gary Hart's failed reentry into the 1988 Presidential campaign.
Laboratory evaluation of permeability and strength of polymer-modified pervious concrete

Abstract Pervious concrete has been increasingly used to reduce the amount of runoff water and improve the water quality near pavements and parking lots. However, due to the significantly reduced strength associated with the high porosity, pervious concrete mixtures currently cannot be used in highway pavement structures. A laboratory experiment was conducted in this study to improve the strength properties of pervious concrete through the incorporation of latex polymer. This study focused on the balance between permeability and strength properties of polymer-modified pervious concrete (PMPC). In addition to latex, natural sand and fiber were included to enhance the strength properties of pervious concrete. The test results indicate that it was possible to produce pervious concrete mixture with acceptable permeability and strength through the combination of latex and sand.
Rubidium-strontium correlation study of moldavites and Ries Crater material

Abstract The Sr 87 Sr 86 values of nine moldavites are essentially constant at 0.722 ± 0.001, although the Rb Sr ratios vary from 0.77 to 1.2. This very uniform Sr isotopic composition indicates either that the parent material was (a) quite homogeneous or homogenized during the fusion event, or (b) a heterogeneous mixture of two or more phases with different Rb Sr , perhaps created during the fusion event, in which the isotopic composition of Sr was dominated by that of a Sr-rich component. Possibilities (a), unlike (b), require that Rb and Sr have been differentially fractionated less than 10 8 years ago. Crystalline rock fragments, glasses, and suevite from the Ries crater have insufficient spread in Rb/Sr and show too much scatter to yield an isochron. The Ries materials have distinctly lower Rb/Sr and Sr 87 Sr 86 values than the moldavites. In contrast to the Ivory Coast tektite-Bosumtwi crater relationship, no definite isochronal correlation or chemical similarity was detected between the moldavites and Ries crater rocks, suevite and glasses. Thus this work supports previous suggestions that the moldavites are not simply melted equivalents of these Ries materials.
Incomplete block matrix factorization preconditioning methods. The ultimate answer

Abstract A considerable interest has been devoted to block matrix incomplete factorization preconditioning methods in recent time, see [12,2,3,4,6,7,8,10 and 21]. The purpose of this paper is to survey some of these results and to present new results showing how much more efficient and robust such methods can be as compared to other, admittingly also efficient, methods such as pointwise incomplete factorization preconditioning methods and multilevel methods with hierarchical basis functions, both on scalar as well as on parallel or vectorizable computers.
Relative Binding of Testosterone and Estradiol to Testosterone-Estradiol-Binding Globulin

The binding of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) to testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG) was studied in vivo at 37 C by three independent methods: equilibrium dialysis, steady state polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and TeBG-ligand dissociation kinetics. Equilibrium dialysis was performed at 37 C with the dialysate containing human serum albumin in amounts equivalent to that of the plasma dialysand. Scatchard analysis indicated that under these conditions E2 does not measurably bind to TeBG, while T has a Kd of 3.7 × 10−10 M. Similarly, Scatchard-type analysis of E2 binding to TeBG in steady state polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 37 C revealed no high affinity saturable binding, while dihydrotestosterone was bound with a Kd of 2.7 × 10−10 M. Examination of the dissociation kinetics of T and E2 from TeBG revealed that the mean (±SD) T½ of dissociation of T from plasma at 37 C (10.8 ± 2.4 min) was significantly shortened to 3.5 ± 0.4 min by saturation of plasma with dihydrotestosterone (P...
Relative locations of rearrangements in the DNA of defective simian virus 40 (SV40).

Abstract Electron microscopic examination of linear heteroduplex molecules was used to investigate the position of deletions and substitutions in SV40 DNA. Two plaque-purified samples of SV40 were serially passaged three times at high input multiplicities and compared to a sample serially passaged at low multiplicity. Viral DNA was extracted, and closed circular molecules were cleaved with the RI restriction endo-nuclease. Heteroduplex molecules were formed by denaturation and renaturation in formamide, and each sample scored for rearrangements. The first high multiplicity virus stock had a 100-fold lower specific infectivity than the comparable low multiplicity stock; 8% of the DNA molecules in this sample were resistant to cleavage by RI restriction endonuclease. An additional 6% of its DNA molecules contained sequence substitutions, deletions, or insertions. These rearrangements seemed to be located throughout the genome. Six percent of the DNA molecules from the second high multiplicity virus stock were resistant to cleavage by the RI enzyme and an additional 25% of the molecules carried rearrangements. Two principal classes of molecules with rearrangements were observed in this sample, the major being a simple substitution originating at 0.26 fractional length unit from the RI site and replacing a segment of about 1.4 × 105 with one of 0.87 × 106 daltons. A second rearrangement was found in which the substitution of a sequence of 0.14 × 106 daltons for one of 1.5 × 106 occurred at a position 0.27 fractional length from the RI site. These molecules contained in addition an insertion of 1.05 × 106 daltons at a distance of 0.05 fractional length from the end of the substitution.
A Defect in Mitochondrial Electron-Transport Activity (NADH–Coenzyme Q Oxidoreductase) in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

LEBER'S hereditary optic neuropathy is a disorder of unclear cause. Even among members of the same family, the disorder displays a striking degree of clinical heterogeneity, involving an optic neur...
Conflict displacement and labor market outcomes in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the early nineties displaced 1.3 million people. This study uses longitudinal data to document the effects of this displacement on labor market outcomes. To account for endogeneity in displacement, I exploit the fact that the level of violence affected the decision to leave and that pre-war economic performance is orthogonal to local violence levels. I find that displaced Bosnians are less likely to be working relative to the people who stayed. Displaced men experience higher unemployment levels, and displaced women are more likely to drop out of the labor force.
An approximate analytical solution for the fluid dynamics of laminar flow in a porous tube

Abstract An approximate solution for the fluid dynamics of flow through a porous tube, such as encountered in the cross-flow filtration process, is presented. Conservation of mass for the entire unit combined with the assumptions of quadratic variation of pressure along the length of the unit and local validity of the Hagen–Poiseuille law results in simplified expressions for the pressure and axial and radial velocity profiles. A finite element solution to the Navier–Stokes equations is used to compare the resulting expressions to the only other approximate analytical solution found in the literature. The results indicate that all three analyses are within 0.5% of each other for laminar flow in a long porous tube.
Hybrid formation between scallop myofibrils and foreign regulatory light-chains

Abstract Scallop myofibrils (Placopecten magellanicus) from which regulatory light-chains had been completely removed by EDTA treatment at 30 °C were hybridized with regulatory light-chains of different myosins. Pure hybrids, containing only foreign regulatory light-chains with a stoichiometry of two moles per myosin, were readily formed with all the light-chains tested. Some of the regulatory light-chains restored regulatory functions to desensitized myofibrils by selectively inhibiting the actin activated Mg-ATPase in the absence of calcium. Light-chains from Mercenaria, Spisula Loligo and Urechis behaved as scallop regulatory light-chains, were inhibitory in the absence of calcium, and restored high-affinity calcium binding sites. Regulatory light-chains of Limulus, cricket, chicken gizzard and platelet were also inhibitory; however, calcium binding was restored with a lowered affinity and the hybrids required higher calcium concentrations for ATPase activation. Hybrids formed with the regulatory light-chains of vertebrate striated (rabbit, chicken, skate), bovine cardiac and lobster tail and claw muscles remained insensitive to calcium, their ATPase activity was not selectively depressed in the absence of calcium and specific high-affinity calcium binding sites were not restored. Phosphorylation of the light-chains (rabbit, cardiac and gizzard) has no effect on ATPase activity. The behaviour of the hybrids supports the interpretation that in vertebrate striated muscles myosin does not function as a regulatory switch. Foreign regulatory light-chains (Spisula, Loligo, Mercenaria, rabbit) bind to desensitized myofibrils with a similar or slightly higher affinity as scallop regulatory light-chains. The two light-chain binding sites of myosin are equivalent and differences in affinity appear to be the result of an interaction between the two halves of the myosin molecules.
Thiol redox modulation of doxorubicin mediated cytotoxicity in cultured AIDS‐related Kaposi's sarcoma cells

The chemotherapeutic, doxorubicin, is currently used empirically in the treatment of AIDS- related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). Although often employed in a chemotherapeutic cocktail (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine) single-agent therapy has recently been attempted with liposome encapsulated doxorubicin. Although doxorubicin's mechanism of action against AIDS-KS is unknown, we hypothesized that doxorubicin's ability to undergo redox cycling is associated with its clinical efficacy. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of doxorubicin on selected xenobiotic-associated biochemical responses of three cellular populations: KS lesional cells, nonlesional cells from the KS donors, and fibroblasts obtained from HIV- aged matched men. Our results show that during doxorubicin challenge, there are strong positive correlations between cellular glutathione (GSH) levels and viability (r = 0.94), NADPH levels and viability (r = 0.93), and GSH and NADPH levels (r = 0.93), and demonstrate that as a consequence of their abilities to maintain cellular thiol redox pools HIV- donor cells are significantly less susceptible to doxorubicin's cytotoxic effects relative to AIDS-KS cells. Additional studies further supported the contribution of reduced thiols in mediating doxorubicin tolerance. While pretreatment with the GSH precursor, N-acetylcysteine was cytoprotective for all cell groups during doxorubicin challenge, GSH depletion markedly enhanced doxorubicin's cytotoxic effects. Studies to investigate the effects of a hydroxyl scavenger and iron chelator during doxorubicin challenge showed moderate cytoprotection in the AIDS-KS cells but deleterious effects in the HIV control cells. Inactivation of the longer lived membrane generated ROI in the cytoprotective deficient AIDS-KS cells, as well as an impairment of endogenous defenses in the HIV- donor control cells, may account for these scavenger and chelator associated findings. In summary, our findings show that doxorubicin mediates, at least in part, its AIDS-KS cellular cytotoxic effects by a redox related mechanism, and provides a biochemical rationale for doxorubicin's clinical efficacy in AIDS-KS treatment.
Inorganic PM2.5 at a U.S. agricultural site.

Abstract In this study, we present approximately two years (January 1999–December 2000) of atmospheric NH 3 , NH 4 + , HCl, Cl − , HNO 3 , NO 3 − , SO 2 , and SO 4 concentrations measured by the annular denuder/filter pack method at an agricultural site in eastern North Carolina. This site is influenced by high NH 3 emissions from animal production and fertilizer use in the surrounding area and neighboring counties. The two-year mean NH 3 concentration is 5.6 (±5.13) μg m −3 . The mean concentration of total inorganic PM 2.5 , which includes SO 4 , NO 3 − , NH 4 + , and Cl − , is 8.0 (±5.84) μg m −3 . SO 4 , NO 3 − , NH 4 + , and Cl − represent, respectively, 53, 24, 22, and 1% of measured inorganic PM 2.5 . NH 3 contributes 72% of total NH 3 + NH 4 + , on an average. Equilibrium modeling of the gas + aerosol NH 3 /H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 system shows that inorganic PM 2.5 is more sensitive to reductions in gas + aerosol concentrations of sulfate and nitrate relative to NH 3 .
The allocation of ideological structures

This article tries to make allocation in the sociology of knowledge more teachable. What may appear as a sectarian magic is transformed into a rational procedure to be used by teacher and student alike. Allocation requires a number of steps by which (1) the ideological structure is made part of an ideology; and (2) the ideology is related to a particular social situation of past or present either by reflecting it in symbolic expression or by reflecting the exact opposite.
An update on Bayesian updating

Abstract This paper reports an experiment in which subjects are asked to assess probabilities for unknown events, with treatments that vary the extremity of the prior information. Probabilities are elicited using a Becker–DeGroot–Marshak procedure that does not depend on assumptions about risk aversion. The focus is on the pattern of biases in information processing.
Formation of Thin Films of CdTe, CdSe, and CdS by Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy

Thin films of CdTe, CdSe, and CdS have been electrodeposited by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE), using an automated electrochemical deposition system. Previous reports of an automated system for forming ECALE deposits involved use of a small thin layer flow cell, which revealed several drawbacks. Conversion of the thin layer cell to a thick layer design resulted in greatly improved deposit quality and reproducibility. Deposits were analyzed using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and grazing incident X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results were consistent with a layer by layer growth mode and the principles of atomic layer epitaxy. CdTe films were grown using up to 1000 ECALE cycles, and were stoichiometric through 500. The 1000 cycle films were a few percent rich in Te, under the conditions used. CdSe and CdS films formed also contained some excess chalcogenide, probably the result of less then ideal deposition parameters. Increasing amounts of particulates and surface roughening were observed for the 500 and 1000 cycle CdTe and CdSe films, relative to the 200 cycle deposits normally formed. This roughening may result from the excess chalcogenide. XRD of the films indicated cubic crystal structures with preferred (111) orientations for all three compounds.
Alternating direction algorithms for solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations

We focus on numerically solving a typical type of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations arising from a class of optimal controls with a standard multidimensional diffusion model. Solving such an equation results in the value function and an optimal feedback control law. The Bellman's curse of dimensionality seems to be the main obstacle to applicability of most numerical algorithms for solving HJB. We decompose HJB into a number of lower-dimensional problems, and discuss how the usual alternating direction method can be extended for solving HJB. We present some convergence results, as well as preliminary experimental outcomes.
Euthanasia's handkerchief; or, The object at the end of history

This paper focuses on the white silk handkerchief that washes up after a storm with the wreckage of the ship that was taking Euthanasia to her exile at the end of Mary Shelley's historical romance, Valperga. Thinking about the representation of history as a history of representation, I explore the persistence and the opacity of objects, images, and visual phenomena as agents of historical understanding. With a few golden hairs still in its knot, the handkerchief is a relic of an individual body, but it also remembers other pasts as well, as its allusion to the famous handkerchief in Othello suggests. At once an ontological fact and a spectral sign, the handkerchief marks the turn in Shelley's conclusion from “private chronicles” (subjectivity, fantasy) to “public histories” (objectivity, the actual), or, rather, it marks the incompleteness of that turn. As residue, an extraneous yet tangible trace in the text, Euthanasia's handkerchief cannot by definition be assimilated into a logic of identity, but neit...
Preschoolers' Imaginativeness: Subtypes, Correlates, and Maladaptive Extremes

In a study of forty-three preschool children, ratings of four types of the children's imaginativeness were correlated with observational, behavioral, and interview measures. Research questions were: 1) Do correlates of imaginativeness found in observational studies replicate if trait rather than state measures are examined? 2) Do different types of imaginativeness have different correlates? and 3) What characteristics distinguish children at the maladaptive extremes of imaginativeness from those at more moderate levels? The conceptual and empirical utility of considering imaginativeness to have two dimensions, Expressive and Constructive, was demonstrated. While optimal levels of Constructive Imaginativeness correlated significantly with other indices of healthy child development, the correlations were fewer and tended to be weaker for Expressive Imaginativeness. The negative implication of extremes was documented.
Difference between prisoners and the general population in psychometric g

Abstract White and black prison inmates differ psychometrically from the general population mainly on the g factor of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. The average white-black difference is also predominantly a difference in g, although the groups also differ in spatial ability independently of g. The higher Performance than Verbal subtest scores typically found in criminal offenders is a relatively weak effect when g is removed.
Schmidt, Leigh Eric. Heaven's Bride: The Unprintable Life of Ida C. Craddock, American Mystic, Scholar, Sexologist, Martyr and Madwoman

(2010). Schmidt, Leigh Eric. Heaven's Bride: The Unprintable Life of Ida C. Craddock, American Mystic, Scholar, Sexologist, Martyr and Madwoman. Theology & Sexuality: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 312-314.
Dry matter concentration as an index of in vitro dry matter disappearance in bermudagrass

Simple and cost-effective procedures for predicting forage quality are needed. The objective of this study was to determine if dry matter concentration (DMC) could be used as an index of in vitro dry matter disapperance (IVDMD) in bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). Data were from two bermudagrass trials at Tifton, GA. The 1983 and 1985 trials contained 32 and 28 entries replicated five times. Plots were harvested four times a year for 3 yr, except in 1987 when only three harvests were taken (.)
Épica y Nación en Pérez-Reverte y Galdós

Post-Franco Spanish intellectual and political discourse is engaged in a process of rewriting past national history to connect it with contemporary cultural parameters. The work of Arturo Perez-Reverte revisits segments of the past that the author views as an ethical inspiration for the present. Un dia de colera provides an illustration, in relation to the popular rebellion against the French occupiers on 2 May 1808. This article studies the ramifications of this epic approach to the past. Benito Perez Galdos's view of Spanish history is more relativistic and skeptical. In his novel Trafalgar, the battle of Trafalgar is viewed not as an occasion for national exaltation but as a defeat of the objectives of modernity—based on Emmanuel Kant's Perpetual Peace—that focused on the extinction of war and the utopian creation of a universal humanity.
Simulation of environmental flow problems in geometrically complex domains. Part2: a domain-splitting method

Abstract Domain splitting is used to reduce problems on geometrically complex domains into sequences of smaller problems on simple domains. Inter- and intra-grid iteration convergence criterion, global accuracy, and task sequencing issues are considered for problems split into many subdomains. The Navier-Stokes solver described in Part 1 is combined with domain splitting and applied to isothermal flow in a polar cavity, and to buoyant flow in a hypothetical three-dimensional lake.
The Mark of Scottish America: Heritage Identity and the Tartan Monster

Zumkhawala-Cook explores the unusually privileged and problematic place that Scottish cultural heritage inhabits in the field of American identity politics. While the widespread presence of social institutions that sustain and define Scottish identity in the United States—clan societies, Highland festivals, and tartan clubs—seems to indicate an expression of ethnodiasporic community, he argues that Scottish America does not quite constitute an ethnic community organized to promote the material, representational, or legislative interests of Scottish Americans. Nor is this ‘diaspora’ committed, in any meaningful way, to maintaining trans-local cultural or political connections with its homeland, he shows. Devoid of any links to a contemporary existing collectivity in Scotland, Scottish identity in the United States has emerged primarily through expressions of “heritage,” rather than of culture or nation. Heritage, Zumkhawala-Cook argues, promises an individualized devotional relationship to a historic “people,” through genealogy and clan origins, while simultaneously dislodging and detaching identity from any of the histories or politics of migration, dislocation, and cultural loss so often associated with diasporic communities. Relying on fantasies of early Scottish life and individual heroism that are profoundly mediated and enabled by kitsch commodities of “auld” Scottish culture, heritage identity follows in step with global capitalism’s re-articulation of national and ethnic cultural identity as a privately held option for middle-class consumers searching for a loose and depoliticized sense of belonging.
Precision automatic measuring of X-Y coordinates

This paper reports the development of a computer-controlled machine for non-contact inspection of manufactured parts The machine, called PAMM (Precision Automatic Measuring Machine), is capable of providing "on-the-fly" measurements accurate to within 100 microinches. The intersection of a rotating spiral slot with a stationary linear slot produce as moving aperture for scanning in small increments overa projected, enlarged image of a part. The scanner assembly moves along an overhead cantilever beam in the x direction, and the part being inspected moves in the y direction along the machine base; position in each direction is monitored by a separate laser interferometer. In the paper conventional methods of coordinate measuring are briefly reviewed, the details of the new design are presented, some experimentally obtained measurements are given, measurement errors induced by photodetector shot noise and aperture roughness are analyzed, and the computer-control and data-analysis techniques are discussed.
Post-Newtonian diagnosis of quasiequilibrium configurations of neutron star neutron star and neutron star black hole binaries

We use a post-Newtonian diagnostic tool to examine numerically generated quasiequilibrium initial data sets for nonspinning double neutron star and neutron star-black hole binary systems. The post-Newtonian equations include the effects of tidal interactions, parametrized by the compactness of the neutron stars and by suitable values of 'apsidal' constants, which measure the degree of distortion of stars subjected to tidal forces. We find that the post-Newtonian diagnostic agrees well with the double neutron star initial data, typically to better than half a percent except where tidal distortions are becoming extreme. We show that the differences could be interpreted as representing small residual eccentricity in the initial orbits. In comparing the diagnostic with preliminary numerical data on neutron star-black hole binaries, we find less agreement.
Control-free control: Manipulating a quantum system using only a limited set of measurements

We present and discuss different protocols for preparing an arbitrary quantum state of a qubit using only a restricted set of measurements, with no unitary operations at all. We show that an arbitrary state can indeed be prepared, provided that the available measurements satisfy certain requirements. Our results shed light on the role that measurement-induced back-action plays in quantum feedback control and the extent to which this back-action can be exploited in quantum-control protocols.
THE INTERACTION OF IgE WITH RAT BASOPHILIC LEUKEMIA CELLS I. EVIDENCE FOR SPECIFIC BINDING OF IgE

A rat basophilic leukemia cell line originally described by Eccleston et al. (3) has been successfully transplanted into eight Wistar strains and adapted to suspension cell culture without noticeable morphological changes. The cells deplete the reaginic activity of mouse and rat immune sera to an extent roughly equivalent to that reported for normal rat mast cells. Studies utilizing radioiodinated antilight-chain antibodies and radioiodinated partially purified rat IgE indicate that the cells bind IgE to their surface membrane with high specificity. Heating or mildly reducing the rat IgE destroyed its binding activity. The binding is unaffected by the presence or absence of Ca(++) and Mg(++), and is markedly inhibited by reaginic but not by normal rat or mouse serums. The affinity of these cells for human IgE, if present at all, is substantially lower than for rat IgE.
Pediatric erythromelalgia: a retrospective review of 32 cases evaluated at Mayo Clinic over a 37-year period.

Background Erythromelalgia has not been well characterized in the pediatric population. Objective We sought to review our experience of erythromelalgia in the pediatric age group. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients 18 years of age and younger with a diagnosis of erythromelalgia who were examined at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, from 1970 to 2007. Results The records of 32 patients (girls, 22 [69%]) were evaluated. Mean age was 14.1 years (range, 5-18 years) and mean time to diagnosis was 5.2 years. Seven patients (22%) had a first-degree relative with erythromelalgia; 4 were from the same family. Physical activity was limited because of discomfort in 21 patients (66%) and school attendance was affected in 11 patients (34%). Noninvasive vascular studies, which compared temperature, laser Doppler flow, and transcutaneous oximetry in the toes, identified vascular abnormalities in 13 (93%) of 14 patients. Neurophysiologic studies with autonomic reflex screening (including quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test and thermoregulatory sweat testing) showed evidence of a small-fiber neuropathy involving the skin in 10 (59%) of 17 patients studied; there was no evidence of large-fiber neuropathy in 20 patients in whom electromyographic and nerve conduction studies were performed. Topical lidocaine was the most commonly prescribed treatment (44%). Fifteen patients were monitored for an average of 9.1 years (median, 5.0 years; range, 0.4-23.7 years). At last follow-up, 5 patients had stable disease, 4 showed improvement, two had resolution, one reported worsening of symptoms, and 3 had died (one suicide). Limitations Conclusions are limited because this was a retrospective chart review. Conclusion Erythromelalgia in pediatric patients is associated with substantial morbidity and even death. The majority of cases are not inherited. Most patients studied have associated small-fiber neuropathy. The disease course is variable. A reliable and safe treatment has not been determined.
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in a turbulent medium

Theoretical modeling of the wealth of experimental data on propagation of electromagnetic radiation through turbulent media has centered on the use of the Heisenberg-Kolmogorov (HK) model, which is, however, valid only for medium to small sized eddies. Ad hoc modifications of the HK model to encompass the large-scale region of the eddy spectrum have been widely used, but a sound physical basis has been lacking. A model for large-scale turbulence that was recently proposed is applied to the above problem. The spectral density of the temperature field is derived and used to calculate the structure function of the index of refraction N. The result is compared with available data, yielding a reasonably good fit. The variance of N is also in accord with the data. The model is also applied to propagation effects. The phase structure function, covariance of the log amplitude, and variance of the log intensity are calculated. The calculated phase structure function is in excellent agreement with available data.
A prospective analysis of the pattern of immune reconstitution in a paediatric cohort following transplantation of positively selected human leucocyte antigen-disparate haematopoietic stem cells from parental donors.

Transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells from human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-disparate parental donors presents a promising new approach for the treatment of patients lacking a HLA-matched donor. Success against major obstacles such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and graft rejection has recently been demonstrated, so that immune reconstitution is one of the prime factors that determines the long-term prognosis following transplantation. Twenty children transplanted with megadoses of highly purified CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells after rigorous T-cell depletion were prospectively monitored for their immune reconstitution during the first post-transplant year. Natural killer (NK) cells showed a marked increase on d +30. T and B cells began to reconstitute on d +72 and +68 respectively. During extended follow-up, their numbers and proliferative capacity upon mitogen stimulation continually increased. Early reconstituting T cells were predominantly of a primed, activated phenotype with severely skewed T-cell receptor (TCR)-repertoire complexity. Naive T cells emerged 6 months post transplantation, paralleled by an increase in TCR-repertoire diversity. All patients self-maintained sufficient immunoglobulin levels after d +200. This study demonstrates that paediatric recipients of highly purified, haploidentical stem cells are able to reconstitute functioning T-, B- and NK-cell compartments within the first post-transplant year. This, together with the absence of significant GvHD, provides a strong indication for this approach to be considered in children who lack a HLA-matched donor.
Short dialyzed children respond less to growth hormone than patients prior to dialysis

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is a new treatment modality for short children with chronic renal failure (CRF) prior to and during dialysis. It is difficult to analyze whether dialysis patients respond less to rhGH than children with CRF on conservative treatment because they are older and often in a pubertal age range. One hundred and eight patients were treated with 28-30 IU rhGH/kg per week for at least 1 year. We analyzed the growth response to rhGH in 56 prepubertal patients aged less than 10 years at the start of rhGH treatment; 38 children with a mean age of 6.5 +/- 2.4 years were on conservative treatment (CT) and 18 patients with a mean age of 6.5 +/- 2 years on dialysis treatment (D). Mean height velocity was 4.9 +/- 2.3 cm/year in children on CT and 4.6 +/- 1.8 cm/year in children on D. During the 1st treatment year, height velocity was 9.5 +/- 3.8 cm/year in CT patients and 7.3 +/- 1.3 cm/year in D patients (P < 0.05). The change in height was +1.1 +/- 0.8 standard deviation (SD) in CT patients and +0.5 +/- 0.4 SD in D patients (P < 0.005). During the 2nd treatment year, the change in height was again greater in CT patients (0.5 +/- 0.4 SD vs. 0.2 +/- 0.4 SD; P < 0.05). The difference in height velocity and change in height standard deviation score was also significant when a subgroup of patients was matched for sex, age, height. Height velocity and the change in height velocity during rhGH treatment were not correlated with residual renal function, the degree of anemia, or metabolic acidosis. We conclude that short children on D respond less to rhGH than short children on CT, indicating a greater insensitivity to rhGH during D treatment.
Nepafenac-assisted mydriasis in a rabbit model.

Purpose To compare the effectiveness of nepafenac 0.10% in achieving and maintaining pupil dilation with the effectiveness of flurbiprofen 0.03% and a placebo in a rabbit model. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. Design Laboratory study. Methods Adult pigmented rabbits were randomized to 3 equal-sized groups: placebo, flurbiprofen, and nepafenac. Cataract surgery was performed in randomized order by a surgeon who was masked to group assignment. The treatment or placebo was administered starting 1 day before surgery. Phenylephrine 10.0% was administered starting 30 minutes before surgery. Phacoemulsification was performed in standard fashion. Pupil measurements were recorded before and after surgery. A linear mixed model with a random effect for the rabbits and a fixed effect for the treatment groups was used to compare mean pupil diameters between groups. Results Baseline pupil measurements were similar between the placebo, flurbiprofen, and nepafenac groups. Preoperative pupil dilation was statistically significantly greater in the nepafenac group (mean 11.5 mm ± 0.5 [SD]) than in the placebo group (mean 10.2 ± 1.1 mm) and the flurbiprofen group (mean 9.9 ± 1.1 mm) ( P P P P Conclusion Nepafenac was more effective than a placebo and flurbiprofen in achieving maximum preoperative and postoperative pupil mydriasis in rabbits. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Health monitoring of bridgelike structures using state variable models

A global damage detection method for civil engineering structures is proposed. This method provides the capability of determining the reduction in both stiffness and damping parameters of the structural elements. The proposed method uses the state-space representation of the structural dynamics to make the diagnosis of structural integrity. Given that the state-space representation of any system is not unique, the damage detection procedure is developed for the physical coordinates of the state-space representation. A transformation matrix to get any arbitrary state-space representation into the physical coordinates is also utilized. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified on a numerical example as well as on a simulated three-bar truss structure with 3 degrees of freedom.
Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Methacrylate Hybrid Systems: Hosts for Molecular Polymer Composites

A functionalized, highly ordered mesoporous hybrid material based on the MCM-41 structure is synthesized through room temperature cocondensation of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSiPMA) and tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) in molar ratios of up to 1:3 in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride. Successful template removal through solvent extraction results in highly ordered mesoporous materials, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Characterization with nitrogen sorption and IR spectroscopy shows that methacrylate groups are incorporated into the host channel system. The functional groups are stable to at least 200 °C under vacuum. The CC double bonds of the methacrylate groups are readily and completely accessible to bromination. Inorganic/organic composites coupled on the molecular level are prepared by efficient polymerization of adsorbed methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) with the intrapore grafted methacrylate groups.
A home-based nurse-coached inspiratory muscle training intervention in heart failure.

Abstract People with heart failure (HF) are living longer but with disabling dyspnea that erodes quality of life (QOL). Decreased strength of inspiratory muscles (IMs) may contribute to dyspnea in HF, and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been shown to improve the strength of IMs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 3-month nurse-coached IMT program. Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory directed nursing interventions. This randomized controlled trial employed an experimental group (IMT) and a control group (education). Data were collected during six home visits. Outcome measures included maximal inspiratory pressure, perceived dyspnea, self-efficacy, and health-related QOL. Significant differences in PI max , dyspnea, and respiratory rate were found. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.
Beyond agency and structure: Triple-loop learning

With the demise of Andersen, LLP and new legislation that puts an end to self-governance in public accounting, the effectiveness of current models of accounting ethics have been seriously called into question. We argue that the profession suffers from fundamental limitations in its ethical framework that makes it impossible to effectively address ongoing ethical problems. The dominant representation of professional behavior is an agency model of ethics, in which the ultimate responsibility for identifying and dealing with ethical dilemmas resides with the individual. We argue that structural forces such as control over resources, meaning systems, and community norms and values also have a strong influence on the actions of accountants and that these must also be considered. The recent legitimation crisis has forced the accounting profession and its constituencies to begin to recognize and address the structural aspects of ethics as they enable and constrain action. We propose a framework based on structuration theory and learning theory that allows for systematic, multi-level investigation of the structural forces that cause ethical dilemmas to arise and to be recognized and that influence the manner in which they are analyzed and resolved. This framework should be capable of continual critique and reconfiguration as environmental conditions change.