cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supercritical fluids: an interesting medium for chemical and biochemical processes

Interactions between solute and solvent in supercritical fluids (SCFs) are of fundamental importance because small changes in pressure or temperature near the critical point may alter reactivity in chemical and biochemical processes, and were examined such as those for ester synthesis catalyzed by a lipase in supercritical carbon dioxide and for a FT-IR study on the structures of reverse microemulsions in supercritical ethane. We previously conducted ester synthesis from acyl donors and terpene alcohols catalyzed by Candida cylindracea (CCL) lipase in supercritical carbon dioxide. In the near-critical region, (S)-(−)-terpene esters were stereoselectively synthesized from acyl donors and a primary alcohol such as (±)-citronellol. In a very limited pressure range near the critical point, interactions between carbon dioxide and enzyme molecules greatly increased with consequent drastic conformational changes in the enzyme, causing active sites to emerge to catalyze stereoselective synthesis. Therefore, supercritical carbon dioxide medium in the near-critical region should trigger the activation of the enzyme by causing movement of its surface groups and creating active sites. Two molecular aggregates, an enzyme and micelle, in supercritical fluids were studied with respect to their microstructure and activity for chemical reactions. High-pressure FT-IR spectroscopy has thus been used to clarify (i) the rotational isomerism of AOT molecules, (ii) characteristics of water and the water-head group, and (iii) RSO3−Na+ interactions in AOT reverse micellar aggregates in supercritical ethane. At 35.0 MPa, the proportion of trans-like to gauche-like conformers greatly increased as W0 was increased. A system of water/AOT/supercritical ethane was in a one-phase microemulsion state at W0 values less than 15 at 35.0 MPa and 306.1 K. At higher W0′ the system was in a two-phase state. The addition of lithium chloride makes the system become motionless in a one-phase microemulsion state at W0 above 30. This work demonstrates interesting pressure-, temperature, and salt effects on an enzyme-catalyzed esterification and/or maintenance of a one-phase microemulsion in supercritical fluids from practical and theoretical points of view.
Fiber-optic data network for the ARGO/JASON vehicle system

A description is given of the digital data network for the ARGO/JASON remotely operated vehicle system and its implementation over the system's 7000-m single-mode electrooptic cable. The implementation uses the ProNET terrestrial local area network hardware protocol to provide multinode communications and allows for transmission of the network data over one of several multiplexed channels. Standard Internet protocol (IP) software is supported, allowing computers on the network to be tied directly into the Arpanet/Internet. The undersea computers and the shipboard vehicle control computers use a real-time multitasking system to provide fast and flexible event-driven control. Combined with network communications, the system is a complete multiprocessor package with low-latency responsiveness and flexible architecture, with a fiber-optic link tying the vehicles to each other and to the support ship. >
Working with the CTSA Consortium: What We Bring to the Table

In 2006, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiated the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program to establish premier academic sites designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of translational research at the local, regional, and national levels. In February 2010, the NIH sponsored a national CTSA forum on “Promoting Efficient and Effective Collaborations Among Academia, Government, and Industry.” This forum brought together a broad set of stakeholders who were charged with developing a path for promoting such partnerships. One theme, discussed in this meeting report, focused on opportunities and approaches to leverage CTSA institutions as a consortium in fostering public-private partnerships.
The cognitive control network: Integrated cortical regions with dissociable functions

Consensus across hundreds of published studies indicates that the same cortical regions are involved in many forms of cognitive control. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found that these coactive regions form a functionally connected cognitive control network (CCN). Network status was identified by convergent methods, including: high inter-regional correlations during rest and task performance, consistently higher correlations within the CCN than the rest of cortex, co-activation in a visual search task, and mutual sensitivity to decision difficulty. Regions within the CCN include anterior cingulate cortex/pre-supplementary motor area (ACC/ pSMA), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), inferior frontal junction (IFJ), anterior insular cortex (AIC), dorsal pre-motor cortex (dPMC), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). We used a novel visual line search task which included periods when the probe stimuli were occluded but subjects had to maintain and update working memory in preparation for the sudden appearance of a probe stimulus. The six CCN regions operated as a tightly coupled network during the ‘nonoccluded’ portions of this task, with all regions responding to probe events. In contrast, the network was differentiated during occluded search. DLPFC, not ACC/pSMA, was involved in target memory maintenance when probes were absent, while both regions became active in preparation for difficult probes at the end of each occluded period. This approach illustrates one way in which a neuronal network can be identified, its high functional connectivity established, and its components dissociated in order to better understand the interactive and specialized internal mechanisms of that network.
The Sociology of Amateur Sport: An Overview

This paper examines the amateur ideal to assess whether it is possible in today's sportsworld. The first section presents the defining characteristics of the amateur. The second reviews the dominan...
Ambient Femtosecond Laser Vaporization and Nanosecond Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Recent investigations of ambient laser-based transfer of molecules into the gas phase for subsequent mass spectral analysis have undergone a renaissance resulting from the separation of vaporization and ionization events. Here, we seek to provide a snapshot of recent femtosecond (fs) duration laser vaporization and nanosecond (ns) duration laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry experiments. The former employs pulse durations of <100 fs to enable matrix-free laser vaporization with little or no fragmentation. When coupled to electrospray ionization, femtosecond laser vaporization provides a universal, rapid mass spectral analysis method requiring no sample workup. Remarkably, laser pulses with intensities exceeding 1013 W cm−2 desorb intact macromolecules, such as proteins, and even preserve the condensed phase of folded or unfolded protein structures according to the mass spectral charge state distribution, as demonstrated for cytochrome c and lysozyme. Because of the ability to vapori...
A New Concept of Vertically Integrated Pattern Recognition Associative Memory

Hardware-based pattern recognition for fast triggering on particle tracks has been successfully used in high-energy physics experiments for some time. The CDF Silicon Vertex Trigger (SVT) at the Fermilab Tevatron is an excellent example. The method used there, developed in the 1990’s, is based on algorithms that use a massively parallel associative memory architecture to identify patterns efficiently at high speed. However, due to much higher occupancy and event rates at the LHC, and the fact that the LHC detectors have a much larger number of channels in their tracking detectors, there is an enormous challenge in implementing fast pattern recognition for a track trigger, requiring about three orders of magnitude more associative memory patterns than what was used in the original CDF SVT. Scaling of current technologies is unlikely to satisfy the scientific needs of the future, and investments in transformational new technologies need to be made. In this paper, we will discuss a new concept of using the emerging 3D vertical integration technology to significantly advance the state-of-the-art for fast pattern recognition within and outside HEP. A generic R&D proposal [1] based on this new concept, with a few institutions involved, has recently been submitted to DOE with the goal to design and perform the ASIC engineering necessary to realize a prototype device. The progress of this R&D project will be reported in the future. Here we will only focus on the concept of this new approach. © 2011 Elsevier BV. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee for TIPP 2011.
Is non-loglinear allometry a statistical artifact?

The allometric equation, y = axb, is commonly fitted to data indirectly by transforming predictor (x) and response (y) variables to logarithms, fitting a straight line to the transformations, and then back-transforming (exponentiating) the resulting equation to the original arithmetic scale. Sometimes, however, transformation fails to linearize the observations, thereby giving rise to what has come to be known as non-loglinear allometry. A smooth curve for observations displayed on a log–log plot is usually interpreted to mean that the scaling exponent in the allometric equation is a continuously changing function of body size, whereas a breakpoint between two (or more) linear segments on a log–log plot is typically taken to mean that the exponent changes abruptly, coincident with some important milestone in development. I applied simple graphical and statistical procedures in re-analyses of three well-known examples of non-loglinear allometry, and showed in every instance that the relationship between predictor and response can be described in the original scale by simple functions with constant values for the exponent b. In no instance does the allometric exponent change during the course of development. Transformation of data to logarithms created new distributions that actually obscured the relationships between predictor and response variables in these investigations, and led to erroneous perceptions of growth. Such confounding effects of transformation are not limited to non-loglinear allometry but are common to all applications of the allometric method. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, ••, ••–••.
A parallel decomposition for Kalman filters

A decomposition is given for the implementation of the Kalman filter as a collection of parallel processors. This decomposition is based on the representation of the system as a direct sum of observability subspaces. >
The cytochrome p450 homepage.

The Cytochrome P450 Homepage is a universal resource for nomenclature and sequence information on cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. The site has been in continuous operation since February 1995. Currently, naming information for 11,512 CYPs are available on the web pages. The P450 sequences are manually curated by David Nelson, and the nomenclature system conforms to an evolutionary scheme such that members of CYP families and subfamilies share common ancestors. The organisation and content of the Homepage are described.
A mechanism of coupling RCC1 mobility to RanGTP production on the chromatin in vivo

The RanGTP gradient across the interphase nuclear envelope and on the condensed mitotic chromosomes is essential for many cellular processes, including nucleocytoplasmic transport and spindle assembly. Although the chromosome-associated enzyme RCC1 is responsible for RanGTP production, the mechanism of generating and maintaining the RanGTP gradient in vivo remains unknown. Here, we report that regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1) rapidly associates and dissociates with both interphase and mitotic chromosomes in living cells, and that this mobility is regulated during the cell cycle. Our kinetic modeling suggests that RCC1 couples its catalytic activity to chromosome binding to generate a RanGTP gradient. Indeed, we have demonstrated experimentally that the interaction of RCC1 with the chromatin is coupled to the nucleotide exchange on Ran in vivo. The coupling is due to the stable binding of the binary complex of RCC1–Ran to chromatin. Successful nucleotide exchange dissociates the binary complex, permitting the release of RCC1 and RanGTP from the chromatin and the production of RanGTP on the chromatin surface.
Erratum to “New Considerations in Radiation Treatment Planning for Brain Tumors: Neural Progenitor Cell-Containing Niches” Semin Radiat Oncol 24:265-272, 2014

Figure 1 in the above-referenced article was publishedwithout an acknowledgment in error. The figure should have been credited as follows:© 2006MediVisuals Inc. Reprintedwith permission fromBarani IJ, Benedict SH, Lin PS, “Neural stem cells: implications for the conventional radiotherapy of central nervous systemmalignancies,” Int J RadiatOncol Biol Phys 68(2):324-333, 2007.We regret the omission.
Language-related field potentials in the anterior-medial temporal lobe: II. Effects of word type and semantic priming

Field potentials were recorded from intracranial electrodes in humans to study the role of the anterior medial temporal lobe (AMTL) in language-related processing. Subjects viewed lists of words in which orthography and word type varied, or in which words were primed by semantic associates. Large negative field potentials were elicited within the AMTL by isolated words. The amplitude and intracranial distribution of these AMTL field potentials were consistent with those in our previous study in which anomalous sentence-ending words were used as stimuli (McCarthy et al., in press). The neocortex, in the region of the collateral sulcus and anterior fusiform gyrus, was identified as the likely neural generator of this field potential. The AMTL field potential was diminished by semantic priming, and was larger for words with semantic content than for words serving grammatical function. Orthographically illegal nonwords did not elicit this field potential. The N400 scalp event-related potential (ERP) has been shown to respond in the same manner to these task manipulations (Nobre and McCarthy, 1994), and, thus, the AMTL field potential was proposed to contribute to the generation of N400. The possible roles in language processing reflected by the AMTL field potential were considered.
Digital video transmission for tactical communications

It is noted that the needs of tactical communications users have expanded from the traditional modes of voice and data communications to include the capability for communication of visual images. Integration of digital video image processing with robust narrowband communication techniques in a user-friendly, tactical package provides the user the best of all worlds: reliable image, voice, and text (data) communications. The basic concept behind the Digital Video Imaging Transmission System is the conversion of live video into still video frames for storage, manipulation, and transmission. Examples of live video sources are camcorders, filmless cameras, and still video disk players. Harris is currently under contract to the US Army's Communications Command (CECOM) to supply an electronic filmless camera system (EFCS) for the collection and communication of still video images. This program is discussed, and attention is given to communications, image handling, peripheral equipment, and applications. >
A Taxonomy of Emotional Functioning Problems: A Good Idea in Need of More Research

Berenbaum and colleagues (2003; this issue) present a framework to categorize emotional functioning difficulties, which they argue provides incremental validity beyond the diagnostic nosology. The taxonomy offered has considerable heuristic value. A taxonomy of emotional repertoires offers the possibility of targeting emotional experience and expression problems, independent of diagnostic labels. Given the extensive research on emotion in psychopathology, it seems timely to consider assessment schemes that would force clinicians to consider emotional repertoires in clinical decision making about what to target (and when) and whether a given type of intervention is indicated. However, it is unclear whether, at present, specific, functional emotional-processing difficulties can be reliably and validly assessed. This commentary focuses on several features of the taxonomy that require clarification and underscores the need for more research. In addition, the applicability of the model to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is discussed.
Retinal dendritic cell recruitment, but not function, was inhibited in MyD88 and TRIF deficient mice

Background Immune system cells are known to affect loss of neurons due to injury or disease. Recruitment of immune cells following retinal/CNS injury has been shown to affect the health and survival of neurons in several models. We detected close, physical contact between dendritic cells and retinal ganglion cells following an optic nerve crush, and sought to understand the underlying mechanisms.
CB1 receptor antagonism impairs the induction of epileptiform activity by group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation

Exposure to the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist dihydroxy phenylglycine (DHPG) induces epileptiform activity in the CA3 region of the hippocampus that persists following washout of DHPG. DHPG also can cause long-term depression of synaptic transmission, and at some synapses this may be mediated by endocannabinoids. We evaluated whether the selective cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor antagonists SR 141716 or AM 251 could modify induction of epileptiform activity produced by DHPG exposure. The induction of epileptiform activity by DHPG exposure was significantly reduced by CB1 receptor antagonists, SR 141716 or AM 251. Minimal effects on epileptiform activity were noted once the activity had been induced. In control slices, exposure to DHPG for 30 min produced long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission, on average about a 70% reduction in slope of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). When slices were exposed to both DHPG and SR 141716 (3 microm), LTD did not occur and the population EPSP remained at control values or greater. These results suggest that CB1 receptors mediate some of DHPG effects that result in persistent epileptiform activity, and antagonism of CB1 receptors has antiepileptogenic properties. Paradoxically DHPG also caused LTD of excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA3 region and CB1 receptor antagonism prevents the depression. We hypothesize that the ictal activity induced by DHPG requires depression of synaptic strength and CB1 receptor antagonism prevents this depression and the induction of ictal activity.
Evaluating Bolted Joint Strength at High Strain Rates

Experimental evaluation of bolted joint strength at high strain rates is a challenging but vital research. In the current study, a single lap bolted joint is studied using a Split Hopkinson Bar Pressure setup. The objective of the study is to understand the effect of variable geometrical parameters in the single lap bolted joint experimentally. Subsequently, only those aspects of these parameters that can confine to the dynamic experimental technique are selected. The challenges of the setup, the role of equilibrium and the occurrence of buckling are all studied critically to understand what is the best method to evaluate the joint strength under impact/high strain rate loading conditions.
12E-3 Channel-Select RF MEMS Filters Based on Self-Coupled AlN Contour-Mode Piezoelectric Resonators

This paper reports experimental results on a new class of single-chip multi-frequency channel-select filters based on self-coupled aluminum nitride (AlN) contour-mode piezoelectric resonators. For the first time, two-port AlN contour- mode resonators are connected in series and electrically coupled using their intrinsic capacitance to form multi-frequency (94 -271 MHz), narrow bandwidth (~ .3%), low insertion loss (~4 dB), high off-band rejection (~60 dB) and extremely linear (IIP3-110 dBm) channel-select filters. This novel technology enables multi-frequency, high-performance and small form factor filter arrays and makes a single-chip multi-band RF solution possible in the near future.
Identification of driver state for lane-keeping tasks

Identification of driver state is a desirable element of many proposed vehicle active safety systems (e.g., collision detection and avoidance, automated highway, and road departure warning systems). In the paper, driver state assessment is considered in the context of a road departure warning and intervention system. A system identification approach, using vehicle lateral position as the input and steering wheel position as the output, is used to develop a model and to update its parameters during driving. Preliminary driving simulator results indicate that changes in the bandwidth and/or parameters of such a model may be useful indicators of driver fatigue. The approach is then applied to data from 12 2-h highway driving runs conducted in a full-vehicle driving simulator. The identified model parameters (/spl zeta/ /spl omega//sub n/, and DC gain) do not exhibit the trends expected as lane keeping performance deteriorates, despite having acceptably white residuals. As an alternative, model residuals are compared in a process monitoring approach using a model fit to an early portion of the 2-h driver run. Model residuals show the expected trends and have potential in serving as the basis for a driver state monitor.
Engineering Behavior and Microstructure of Soil Stabilized with Cement Kiln Dust

A laboratory study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of different percentages of cement kiln dust (CKD) as a soil stabilizer, relative to the implementation of new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Cylindrical specimens were compacted and cured for 28 days in a moist room having a constant temperature and controlled humidity. After curing specimens were tested for resilient modulus (Mr), modulus of elasticity (ME) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). The study revealed that the values of Mr, ME and UCS for the CKDstabilized specimen increased with CKD amount. Reaction products due to chemical reactions are clearly observed in the soil voids based on the micrographs obtained using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and they are responsible for the increase in modulus and strength.
Multi-octave high power recycling combiner using coaxial line to improve overall efficiency of outphasing power amplifier

A novel wide band high power recycling approach has been developed. The design is optimized for high efficiency, high isolation, and minimal number of ferrite cores. The combiner part includes an effective flux canceling circuitry to significantly improve its inter-modulation distortion performance, and the isolating resistors can be replaced by an efficient RF to DC conversion circuitry. The recycling combiner has been successfully fabricated, tested, and full performance evaluation have been carried out. This combiner allows portion of the wasted components of the signal to be reused by the power supply; thus the over all efficiency of the wide band outphasing power amplifier can be improved.
Interruption of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea episodes by serial therapy with vancomycin and rifaximin

Eight women who each experienced 4-8 episodes of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea were given a 2-week course of rifaximin therapy when they were asymptomatic, immediately after completing their last course of vancomycin therapy. Seven of the 8 patients experienced no further diarrhea recurrence. The patient who had a recurrence responded to a second course of rifaximin therapy, but rifaximin-resistant C. difficile was recovered after treatment. A controlled trial for treating recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea appears to be warranted.
Stock-Specific Migration Timing of Adult Spring–Summer Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin

Abstract An understanding of the migration timing patterns of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss is important for managing complex mixed-stock fisheries and preserving genetic and life history diversity. We examined adult return timing for 3,317 radio-tagged fish from 38 stocks of Columbia River basin spring–summer Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha over 5 years. Stock composition varied widely within and between years depending on the strength of influential populations. Most individual stocks migrated at similar times each year relative to overall runs, supporting the hypotheses that run timing is predictable, is at least partially due to genetic adaptation, and can be used to differentiate between some conspecific populations. Arrival timing of both aggregated radio-tagged stocks and annual runs was strongly correlated with river discharge; stocks arrived earlier at Bonneville Dam and at upstream dams in years with low discharge. Migration timing analyses identified many between-stock ...
The Presidential Subdelegation Act of 1950

Three months of logomachy closed on April 4, 1951 when the Senate of the United States adopted S. Res. 99, confirming the Presidential interpretation, offered casually and with self-assurance at a press conference, of the scope of the Presidential constitutional power as Commander-in-Chief to send four additional divisions of American troops to Germany to help defend Western Europe, and, at the same time, politely requesting that the Chief Executive consult with the Senate and obtain "Congressional approval" before sending additional forces abroad in implementation of Article 3 of the North Atlantic Treaty. Thus what the press had, with somewhat excessive exuberance and exacerbation, called "The Great Debate" came full circle and ended, not exactly as it began, but rather with the President's unimpeachable authority enhanced by the added sanction of Senatorial concurrence.1 It is by such means that we continue to build, as we have built increasingly during this century and especially during this past decade, the edifice of the office of our monolithic Executive, creating as we do so pressing and perplexing problems of responsibility and control; the President and the atomic bomb share an affinity in that we have demonstrated much greater ingenuity in organizing and creating instruments for the containment and release of macroscopic power than in institutionalizing patterns of social control to condition and regulate the exercise of such awesome force. His military status is but one of the constitutional facets of the Presidential office; even more important is the central figure of the Chief Executive as the general manager of the sprawling federal administrative structure. There has been an insistent trend in both theory and practice towards centralizing administrative power in the hands of the President, not only in the name of efficiency and economy, but also acting on the assumption that, if the control of bureaucracy is beyond the working capacities of the judiciary and the Congress, then perhaps we can
Development of a unit-specific antibiogram and planning for implementation: Preimplementation findings

This practice forum reports experiences with the development of a unit-specific antibiogram and planning for its implementation. Involvement of internal and external facilitators was a key strategy for addressing issues, including data limitations, coordination, and planning. These activities were incorporated and reported as part of the facility's broader antimicrobial stewardship program, and represent the first step in a set of planned projects to evaluate the impact of antibiograms on provider behavior and patient outcomes.
The People's Triumph: The Federalist Majority in Pennsylvania, 1787-1788

In 1787-1788 a sizeable portion of the American population opposed ratifi cation of the Federal Constitution; probably a majority in New Hampshire, New York, Massachusetts, Virginia, North Carolina, and Rhode Island; and signifi cant minorities in most other states. In the end the Federalists won, but only after protracted contests, only by narrow margins, and only through clever and occa sionally devious electoral tactics. In Pennsylvania, Antifederalists also claimed to speak for the majority of the people and depicted their opponents as aspiring aristocrats conspiring to create a powerful, remote, unresponsive central govern ment beyond popular control. Here, too, Federalists prevailed, but Antifederal ists continued to insist that they, not the Federalists, spoke for the people of Pennsylvania, and that only a lack of time and resources had prevented mobiliz ing a solid majority against the new system.1 Some evidence, particularly the Federalist "precipitancy" in calling an early state ratifying convention, appears to support the Antifederalists claims, but a closer look at the popular voting and at the public debates in 1787-1788 leads to quite the contrary conclusion.2 Pennsylvania, in sharp contrast to such other large states as Massachusetts, New York, and Virginia, began and ended solidly in the Federalist camp. Federalists carried the annual assembly election in October and the special convention election in November by solid margins, suggesting strong popular approval of the Federal Constitution in Pennsylvania.3 Then, events of the fol lowing months confirmed the depth and the strength of their support. The press exchanges between Federalists and Antifederalists, especially in the winter of 1788, combined with the failure of the Antifederalist campaign for nullification of ratification in February and March, and finally, the elections in the fall of 1788 all indicate that in Pennsylvania supporters far outnumbered opponents of the Federal Constitution in 1787-1788.
Cytotoxic single strand damage generated by topoisomerase II targeting agents

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 767 Topoisomerase II (Top2) is the primary target for active anti-cancer agents such as etoposide and doxorubicin. We have developed an efficient approach for identifying inhibitor hypersensitive Top2 mutants. We isolated a panel of mutants conferring hypersensitivity to the intercalator mAMSA. Two mutants in yeast Top2, changing Pro473Leu and Gly737Val, conferred extraordinary hypersensitivity to mAMSA were chosen for further characterization. Both mutations change amino acids that are conserved in all eukaryotic topoisomerases. The mutant proteins were overexpressed, purified, and their biochemical activities were assessed. Both mutants encode enzymes that are highly sensitive to inhibition by mAMSA and other intercalating agents. Both mutant enzymes exhibit elevated levels of mAMSA induced Top2:DNA covalent complexes. While Gly737Val Top2p generated elevated levels of Top2 mediated double strand breaks in vitro, the Pro473Leu mutant protein showed only a modest increase in Top2 mediated double strand breaks, but much higher levels of Top2 mediated single strand breaks. These observations led us to construct alleles of Top2 that could generate enzyme mediated single strand breaks, but not enzyme mediated double strand breaks. We observed that expression in yeast of a Pro473Leu mutant that could only generate single strand breaks was still able to confer hypersensitivity to mAMSA. These results indicate that generation of single strand breaks by Top2 targeting agents can be an important component of cell killing by Top2 targeting drugs. We are currently assessing how cells recognize and process Top2:DNA covalent complexes that contain single strand breaks. These results suggest the importance of exploring the detailed mechanisms of action of different classes of Top2 poisons.
Chemotherapy of the blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia: hypodiploidy and response to therapy.

Thirty-two patients in the blastic phase of Philadelphia chromosome- positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) were studied in a prospective randomized trial in which vincristine--prednisone (19 patients) was compared with cytosine arabinoside--6-thioguanine (13 patients). Seven remissions (37%), including two complete remissions, were achieved in the vincristine--prednisone group. Three of the five with predominant hypodiploid blast cell lines treated with vincristine-- prednisone had complete or partial remissions. Both complete remitters presented with hypodiploidy consisting of 44 chromosomes. Four patients (30%) who were treated with cytosine arabinoside--6-thioguanine responded with one complete remission. The median survival of the responders was 8 mo, as compared to 1--2 mo for the nonresponders. Crossover to the opposite regimen as secondary therapy following refractoriness or resistance resulted in only 3 partial responses out of 21 treated. All three had previously responded to vincristine-- prednisone. Of the 32 cases, 14 had an elective splenectomy during the chronic phase of the disease. Prior splenectomy did not influence the response to chemotherapy, as all three complete remitters occurred in the nonsplenectomized group. Similarly, survival in the blastic phase was not affected by prior splenectomy.
Drosophila melanogaster Natural Variation Affects Growth Dynamics of Infecting Listeria monocytogenes

We find that in a Listeria monocytogenes/Drosophila melanogaster infection model, L. monocytogenes grows according to logistic kinetics, which means we can measure both a maximal growth rate and growth plateau for the microbe. Genetic variation of the host affects both of the pathogen growth parameters, and they can vary independently. Because growth rates and ceilings both correlate with host survival, both properties could drive evolution of the host. We find that growth rates and ceilings are sensitive to the initial infectious dose in a host genotype-dependent manner, implying that experimental results differ as we change the original challenge dose within a single strain of host.
The 2011 Corporate Contributions Report

The 2011 Corporate Contributions Report discussed findings from a survey of 139 U.S.-based corporations conducted by The Conference Board between April and July 2011. Participants in the survey (chief financial officers, corporate sustainability officers, heads of public affairs) were asked to provide information on the domestic and international (cash and non-cash) charitable contributions made directly by their companies or through their corporate foundations in FY2010. The report contains comparisons with contribution levels for FY2008.Major findings include:- The vast majority (83.3 percent) of total FY2010 contributions in the survey sample were made by the 25 companies with the largest giving budgets—budgets totaling $50 million or more.- Contributions budgets ranged from a low of $5,000 per company to a high of $2.11 billion.Once again, the pharmaceutical sector substantially outpaced all other industry categories, with a median amount of $10,463 per worldwide employee (the median for FY2008 was $8,690), primarily due to a high level of non-cash contributions.- The median contribution per worldwide employee amounted to $543 (compared to $570 in FY2008).- Total contributions as a median percentage of consolidated pretax income were 0.81 percent in FY2010, down from 1 percent in FY2008. Total contributions as a percentage of worldwide sales were 0.1 percent in FY2010, a level substantially equal to the 0.12 percent reported in FY2008.- Direct cash contributions accounted for 85.78 percent of the total international giving, while only 6.44 percent of international giving was non-cash.- The majority of international contributions (88.3 percent) were made from U.S. headquarters rather than local or regional business units.- Humanitarian needs and the size of the company's workforce in the local market tied at 63.8 percent as the top drivers of international funding decisions.- Projections for FY2011 show no meaningful overall increase in corporate giving. The only exception emerges in the industry analysis, where the services sector anticipates a 5 percent median increase in cash international contributions.
Modulating pulmonary inflammation

The human respiratory tract transports millions of liters of gases throughout life. Because the conducting airways are exposed to countless microbes, particles, and toxicants, the tract has evolved an immune system that protects lung structure and function ( 1 ). Ventilation is primarily controlled by neuromuscular activity in the diaphragm and other muscles, and by sensory inputs from relatively rare pulmonary neuroepithelial cells. These cells cluster and form neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) at branch points along the lung's airways. On page 707 of this issue, Branchfield et al. ( 2 ) reveal how NEBs arise during lung morphogenesis and clarify how their role in inflammation and tissue remodeling is relevant to the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases that affect children.
The enthalpies of solution and formation of Cs2CO3

Abstract The standard enthalpy of solution of Cs2CO3 in water is −(56.38±0.52) kJ mol−1 based on measurements of the enthalpy of solution in CsOH(aq). The standard enthalpy of formation of Cs2CO3. ΔHfo(Cs2CO3, c, 298.15 K), is −(1134.93±0.63) kJ mol−1.
Impulsive hydrodynamics of fluid inside a cylindrical tank and of fluid surrounding a cylindrical pier

Abstract Effective hydrodynamic masses and mass moments have been calculated for the fluid inside a cylindrical tank and outside a cylindrical pier when the base of the tank or pier experiences an impulsive, horizontal translation. The impulsive velocities set up in the tank have been studied with a view to extending the analysis beyond the impulsive time interval. Application of the analysis to a specific example has been made.
Psychedelic Drug Use by Adolescents

■ The author presents background about the growth of the psychedelic drug culture among adolescents, concentrating on the implications of the patterns of use of p ma/or psychedelic drug, LSD, for future human development. Three areas of consequence are delineated} ( I ) the vulnerability of many persons who use LSD to marked panic states and psychoses, (2) the diversion of those in their middle and late teens from essential developmental tasks with longer range mental health hasards, and (3) the political deactivisation of those youths most talented and sensitive to societal imperfections, ■
Photoperiodism in Relation to Development and Reproduction in the Green Stink Bug

Green stink bugs, Acrosternum hilare (Say), from eggs when to month-old adults, were subjected to 8- and 16-hour photophases. Eggs were not obtained from individuals that had been in a 16-hour photophase from egg through 5th instar and subsequently exposed to an 8-hr photo-phase. Eggs were obtained from 3 females 1 month old the 8-hour photophase was initiated. Six of 10 females reared from eggs to adults less than 1 week old under an 8-hour photophase and transferred to a 16-hour photophase laid fertile eggs. Continuous laboratory rearing has been possible by providing a 16-hour photophase.
Locally Complemented Subspaces and ℒ︁p‐Spaces for 0 < p < 1

We develop a theory of ℒp-spaces for 0 < p < 1, basing our definition on the concept of a locally complemented subspace of a quasi-BANACH space. Among the topics we consider are the existence of basis in ℒp-spaces, and lifting and extension properties for operators. We also give a simple construction of uncountably many separable ℒp-spaces of the form ℒp(X) where X is not a ℒp-space. We also give some applications of our theory to the spaces Hp, 0 < p < 1.
Pyramiding behavior in the Inca dove: adaptive aspects of day-night differences

ENG, R. L. 1963. Observations on the breeding biology of male Sage Grouse. J. Wildl. Manage. 27: 841-846. HANNON, S. J., B. R. SIMARD, F. C. ZWICKEL, AND J. F. BENDELL. 1979. Differences in the gonadal cycles of adult and yearling Blue Grouse. Can. J. Zool. 57:1283-1289. JAMIESON, I. G. 1985. Behavior of yearling male Blue Grouse and its relation to delayed breeding. Wilson Bull. 97:71-77. JAMIESON, I. G., AND F. C. ZWICKEL. 1983. Spatial patterns of yearling male Blue Grouse and their relation to recruitment into the breeding population. Auk 100:653-657. LEWIS, R. A. 1981. Characteristics of persistent and transient territorial sites of male Blue Grouse. J. Wildl. Manage. 45:1048-1051. LEWIS, R.A. 1984a. Non-territorial adult males and breeding densities of Blue Grouse. Wilson Bull. 96:723-725. LEWIS, R. A. 1984b. Survival, behavior, use of territories, and breeding densities of male Blue Grouse in coastal British Columbia. Ph.D.diss., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton. LEWIS, R. A. 1985. Use of space by territorial male Blue Grouse. Wilson Bull. 97:97-101. LEWIS, R. A., AND F. C. ZWICKEL. 1980. Removal and replacement of male Blue Grouse on persistent and transient territorial sites. Can. J. Zool. 58:1417-1423. LEWIS, R. A., AND F. C. ZWICKEL. 1981. Differential use of territorial sites by male Blue Grouse. Condor 83:171-176. LEWIS, R. A., AND F. C. ZWICKEL. 1982. Survival and delayed breeding in male Blue Grouse. Can. J. Zool. 60:1881-1884. McNICHOLL, M. K. 1978. Behaviour and social orga ization in a population of Blue Grouse on Vancouver Island. Ph.D.diss., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton.
A Brief Introduction to the Application of Water-saving Techniques in the Cogeneration Power Plant in Short of Water Area

The status of water-utilizing and-saving in shendong cogeneration power plant was introduced.A lot of water-saving techniques and measures were implemented according to the systems related,for example,to adopt direct air-cooling unit,regeneration of cation exchange resin with sulfuric acid,recovery use of waste water.dry ash removal etc.techniques.thus the amount of make-up water and waste water dischange were reduced effectively.
Abstract IA12: Open-source, crowdsourcing-capable tools for N of 1 cancer genomics

There are multiple challenges to implementing cancer genomics in a clinical setting to identify for individual patients and their oncologist, the potentially druggable targets in their disease. Our group has introduced several open-source informatics tools for the identification of known driver mutations, for identifying their vulnerabilities regarding small molecule- and/or antibody-based inhibitors. These are meant not only to negotiate databased information that resides in different formats and locations, but also to serve as crowdsourcing-based information intake points that permit the community of practicing cancer care physicians to participate in knowledge sharing. My talk will highlight these tools and their functionality in the context of several “N of 1” examples from our work. Citation Format: Elaine R. Mardis. Open-source, crowdsourcing-capable tools for N of 1 cancer genomics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Integrating Clinical Genomics and Cancer Therapy; Jun 13-16, 2015; Salt Lake City, UT. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(1_Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
A high fraction of double-peaked narrow emission lines in powerful active galactic nuclei

One percent of redshift z~0.1 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) show velocity splitting of a few hundred km/s in the narrow emission lines in spatially integrated spectra. Such line profiles have been found to arise from the bulk motion of ionized gas clouds associated with galactic-scale outflows, merging pairs of galaxies each harboring a supermassive black hole (SMBH), and/or galactic-scale disk rotation. It remains unclear, however, how the frequency of narrow-line velocity splitting may depend on AGN luminosity. Here we study the correlation between the fraction of Type 2 AGNs with double-peaked narrow emission lines and AGN luminosity as indicated by [O III]5007 emission-line luminosity L_[O III]. We combine the sample of Liu et al. (2010) at z~0.1 with a new sample of 178 Type 2 AGNs with double-peaked [O III] emission lines at z~0.5. We select the new sample from a parent sample of 2089 Type 2 AGNs from the SDSS-III/Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. We find a statistically significant (~4.2\sigma) correlation between L_[O III] and the fraction of objects that exhibit double-peaked narrow emission lines among all Type 2 AGNs, corrected for selection bias and incompleteness due to [O III] line width, equivalent width, splitting velocity, and/or equivalent width ratio between the two velocity components. Our result suggests that galactic-scale outflows and/or merging pairs of SMBHs are more prevalent in more powerful AGNs, although spatially resolved follow up observations are needed to resolve the origin(s) for the narrow-line velocity splitting for individual AGNs.
Impact of Virtual Bidding on Forward Premia in the California Independent System Operator

In the California wholesale electricity market, physical power is sold competitively in a multi-unit multi-settlement single-price auction comprised of a day-ahead forward market and a real-time spot market. Historically, significant divergences have arisen between forward and spot prices, leading to market inefficiencies. In 2011, the California Independent System Operator implemented virtual bidding as a partial solution to converge prices between markets by opening the forward market to financial speculators without any ties to physical generation or load. Using 5 years of data between April 2009 and March 2014, I estimate hourly time-series models of the system-wide forward premium, and forward premia at the two largest trading hubs. I find virtual bids and off ers to have had no effect on the forward premia during off -peak hours. During peak hours, I find virtual bidding to have caused forward and spot prices to diverge due to the large number of market participants looking to hedge against — or speculate on — the occurrence of infrequent but large spot price spikes by placing virtual demand bids. Virtuals placed at the largest trading hubs were associated with even larger price divergences, suggesting virtual demand bids also distorted the price of congestion and losses at the nodal level.
Pictorial Approximation: Pictorial Accuracy, Vagueness and Fuzziness

In this chapter I relate the ideas of fuzziness and accuracy of pictorial depiction to the complexity of approximation. Attention to approximation contributes to my focus on the application of fuzzy set theory as a contextual practice, bringing out some of its aspects as an expression of the practice of approximating. Fuzziness in pictures, then, adds another dimension of approximation; and vice versa, approximation adds another dimension to the analysis of fuzziness. In particular, it contributes a helpful way to understand the contrast between inaccuracy and imprecision.
Breast MRI Basics

Four patients with T1-weighted sequence findings (Figs. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8).
Treatment advances in small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive tumor characterized by rapid doubling time and high propensity for early development of disseminated disease. Although most patients respond to initial therapy with a platinum doublet, the majority of those with limited stage and virtually all patients with metastatic disease eventually develop tumor progression for which there are limited treatment options. There have been no recent changes in the treatment of SCLC, with platinum plus etoposide and topotecan as the standard first-line and second-line respectively, neither showing survival benefit over the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine, which was developed in the 1970s. More recently, a new understanding of the biology of SCLC has led to the development of novel drugs, of which the most promising are the immune checkpoint inhibitors and the antibody drug conjugate rovalpituzumab tesirine.