cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sodium handling by aging human parotid glands is inconsistent with a two-stage secretion model

Sodium handling by stimulated human parotid glands was evaluated in male and female subjects across the adult life-span. Young adults secreted more sodium in saliva than their middle-aged and older counterparts. To assess the extent of ductal sodium reabsorption on sodium levels calculated to be present in parotid primary secretory fluid, the relationship between sodium output and parotid saliva flow rate was analyzed. Results are inconsistent with a simple two-stage model of salivary secretion.
Kinase-Dependent and -Independent Roles for PTK6 in Colon Cancer.

Disruption of the gene encoding Protein Tyrosine Kinase 6 ( Ptk6 ) delayed differentiation and increased growth in the mouse intestine. However, Ptk6 -null mice were also resistant to azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis. To further explore functions of PTK6 in colon cancer, expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, as well as proliferation, migration, and xenograft tumor growth, was examined in human colon tumor cell lines with knockdown or overexpression of PTK6. PTK6 protein, transcript, and activation were also examined in a human colon tumor tissue array, using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Knockdown of PTK6 led to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SW480 and HCT116 cells, whereas overexpression of PTK6 in SW620 cells restored an epithelial phenotype in a kinase-independent manner. PTK6 knockdown also increased xenograft tumor growth of SW480 cells, suggesting tumor suppressor functions. In clinical specimens, PTK6 expression was highest in normal differentiated epithelial cells and reduced in tumors. In contrast, overexpression of constitutively active PTK6 promoted STAT3 and ERK5 activation in colon cancer cells, and endogenous PTK6 promoted cell survival and oncogenic signaling in response to DNA-damaging treatments. These data indicate that PTK6 has complex, context-specific functions in colon cancer; PTK6 promotes the epithelial phenotype to antagonize the EMT in a kinase-independent manner, whereas activation of PTK6 promotes oncogenic signaling. Implications: Understanding context-specific functions of PTK6 is important, because although it promotes cell survival and oncogenic signaling after DNA damage, expression of PTK6 in established tumors may maintain the epithelial phenotype, preventing tumor progression. Mol Cancer Res; 14(6); 563–73. ©2016 AACR . This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 505][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/14/505?iss=6
Behavioral Commitment and Tenure of New Employees: A Replication and Extension

The impact of perceptions of volition, revocability, and publicness on behavioral commitment and the impact of behavioral commitment on employee tenure were examined in a group of 315 newly hired c...
The Cooperation Direction and Advantages Comparison on Flowers Industry on Both Sides of the Taiwan Strait

Flower industry of the Cross-Strait in the past 30 years has a rapid development,but they are still in different stages.The degree of industrialization and modernization of Taiwan's flower industry is relatively higher than the Mainland's,especially in the development of new varieties,production and management techniques,the market system construction,export market development and so far.Meanwhile,the Mainland has outstanding advantages in the species resources,production costs and market potential.Therefore,strengthening the cross-strait cooperation in the flower industry and exerting their respective advantages is a favorable way to promote the common development of the both straits' flower industry.
Effects of Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Oxidative Stress, Apoptotic Cell Death, and HIV Replication in Human Monocytic Cells

While cigarette smoking is prevalent amongst HIV-infected patients, the effects of cigarette smoke constituents in cells of myeloid lineage are poorly known. Recently, we have shown that nicotine induces oxidative stress through cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6-mediated pathway in U937 monocytic cells. The present study was designed to examine the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), which contains majority of tobacco constituents, on oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, expression of CYP1A1, and/or HIV-1 replication in HIV-infected (U1) and uninfected U937 cells. The effects of CSC on induction of CYP1 enzymes in HIV-infected primary macrophages were also analyzed. The results showed that the CSC-mediated increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in U937 cells is dose- and time-dependent. Moreover, CSC treatment was found to induce cytotoxicity in U937 cells through the apoptotic pathway via activation of caspase-3. Importantly, pretreatment with vitamin C blocked the CSC-mediated production of ROS and induction of caspase-3 activity. In U1 cells, acute treatment of CSC increased ROS production at 6H (>2-fold) and both ROS (>2 fold) and HIV-1 replication (>3-fold) after chronic treatment. The CSC mediated effects were associated with robust induction in the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA upon acute CSC treatment of U937 and U1 cells (>20-fold), and upon chronic CSC treatment to U1 cells (>30-fold). In addition, the CYP1A1 induction in U937 cells was mediated through the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Lastly, CSC, which is known to increase viral replication in primary macrophages, was also found to induce CYP1 enzymes in HIV-infected primary macrophages. While mRNA levels of both CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were elevated following CSC treatment, only CYP1B1 protein levels were increased in HIV-infected primary macrophages. In conclusion, these results suggest a possible association between oxidative stress, CYP1 expression, and viral replication in CSC-treated cells of myeloid lineage. This study warrants a closer examination of the role of CYP1B1 in smoking-mediated enhanced HIV replication.
Densely ionizing radiation affects DNA methylation of selective LINE-1 elements.

Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons are heavily methylated and are the most abundant transposable elements in mammalian genomes. Here, we investigated the differential DNA methylation within the LINE-1 under normal conditions and in response to environmentally relevant doses of sparsely and densely ionizing radiation. We demonstrate that DNA methylation of LINE-1 elements in the lungs of C57BL6 mice is dependent on their evolutionary age, where the elder age of the element is associated with the lower extent of DNA methylation. Exposure to 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and methionine-deficient diet affected DNA methylation of selective LINE-1 elements in an age- and promoter type-dependent manner. Exposure to densely IR, but not sparsely IR, resulted in DNA hypermethylation of older LINE-1 elements, while the DNA methylation of evolutionary younger elements remained mostly unchanged. We also demonstrate that exposure to densely IR increased mRNA and protein levels of LINE-1 via the loss of the histone H3K9 dimethylation and an increase in the H3K4 trimethylation at the LINE-1 5′-untranslated region, independently of DNA methylation. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation is important for regulation of LINE-1 expression under normal conditions, but histone modifications may dictate the transcriptional activity of LINE-1 in response to exposure to densely IR.
Suggestive Metaphor: Kafka's Aphorisms and the Crisis of Communication

Kafkas Sprachkrise lies ihn an der Moglichkeit zweifeln, das er die individuelle Wahrheit seiner Erlebnisse mitteilen konnte. In seinen Aphorismen versuchte Kafka dieses Problem zu uberwinden, indem er die Struktur dieser Wahrheit in metaphorischer Form nachbildete. Diese andeutenden Metaphern bestimmten wesentlich auch die Struktur von Kafkas Parabeln aus derselben Periode.
Drop casting of stiffness gradients for chip integration into stretchable substrates

Stretchable electronics have demonstrated promise within unobtrusive wearable systems in areas such as health monitoring and medical therapy. One significant question is whether it is more advantageous to develop holistic stretchable electronics or to integrate mature CMOS into stretchable electronic substrates where the CMOS process is separated from the mechanical processing steps. A major limitation with integrating CMOS is the dissimilar interface between the soft stretchable and hard CMOS materials. To address this, we developed an approach to pattern an elastomeric polymer layer with spatially varying mechanical properties around CMOS electronics to create a controllable material stiffness gradient. Our experimental approach reveals that modifying the interfaces can increase the strain failure threshold up to 30% and subsequently decreases delamination. The stiffness gradient in the polymer layer provides a safe region for electronic chips to function under a substrate tensile strain up to 150%. These results will have impacts in diverse applications including skin sensors and wearable health monitoring systems.
Contribution of Cost of Preterm Infants to the Total Cost of Infant Health Care in the United States.

* Abbreviation: ICD-9-CM — : International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification Despite large expenditures on health care informatics across the United States, our ability to answer seemingly simple questions remains problematic. Administrative health databases contain limited clinical detail, databases remain poorly integrated, and barriers to access pose considerable challenges. The article by Grosse et al1 in this issue of Pediatrics is a case in point. Their seemingly simple question was: “What does it cost employers or employer-sponsored health plans to provide health care for preterm infants born with or without major birth defects during the first year of life?” The complex set of assumptions the authors deemed necessary to support their methods reveals why this question poses so many challenges. One challenge the authors faced was that of accurately identifying which live births were delivered preterm and which infants were diagnosed with major birth defects. Diagnoses, procedures, therapies, and duration of clinician interaction are typically revealed by health care claims records by using coding rubrics, including International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) (although billing claims in the United States now use the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification rubric, its precursor was in use at the time of their study), Current Procedural Terminology codes, and specialized rubrics for prescriptions and laboratory services. The ICD-9-CM has no specific code for identifying preterm delivery, therefore the authors created a strategy by using codes for short gestation and low birth weight, noting that their approach … Address correspondence to Russell S. Kirby, PhD, MS, FACE, Department of Community and Family Health, USF College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 56, Tampa, FL 33612. E-mail: rkirby{at}health.usf.edu
Spillover Effects within Families: Evidence from Teen Mothers and Their Siblingss Performance from High School Through College

The U.S. teen birth rate remains high relative to other industrialized countries. Despite extensive literature on teen mothers and their children, almost no research has examined the rest of the mother’s family. I address this gap, finding that teen birth negatively affects the mother’s younger siblings. To estimate this effect, I use several matched control methods, all of which compare siblings of teen mothers to similar students in other families. I show that it is important to control for pre-existing downward trajectories in these families, both for estimating sibling spillovers and for estimating the effect on the mother herself.
Computerized tomographic evaluation of supraorbital notches and foramen in patients with frontal migraine headaches and correlation with clinical symptoms.

Summary Purpose To correlate the location and size of supraorbital notches (SON) and foramen (SOF) with migraine headache symptoms in a migraine patient population. Methods A retrospective review was performed on consecutive patients who were candidates for frontal migraine surgery with available preoperative computed tomography (CT) images of the face/perinasal sinuses. The supraorbital anatomy from CT images was analyzed and correlated with presenting migraine headache symptoms. To assess for anatomic variations associated with migraine headaches, normative anatomic data were obtained by performing a meta-analysis. Results Fifty-six patients were included, 95% were female, aged 17–80 (mean = 47) years. Bilateral SON were present in 58.9% patients, combination of SON/SOF in 25%, and bilateral SOF in 16.1%. SOF mean diameter (1.22 mm) was 45% smaller than SON (2.20 mm, p Discussion Nerve compression at SON and especially SOF contributes significantly to migraine headache symptoms, and these structures (if present) should be released during frontal migraine surgery. Given the variable presence and location of SON/SOF, analysis of available face/perinasal sinus CT images helps preoperative planning for foraminotomy and band release.
Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes, Collective Mechanical Behavior

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes are complex, hierarchical structures of intertwined tubes arrayed in a nominally vertical alignment due to their perpendicular growth from a stiff substrate. They are a unique class of materials having many of the desirable thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of individual carbon nanotubes, while exhibiting these properties through the collective interaction of thousands of tubes on a macroscopic scale.
Prediction of Ground Profile for Lower-Leg Prosthesis Control Using a Visual-Inertial System

The field of control of powered lower-leg prostheses has advanced due to the improvements in sensors and computational power. Much effort has been done to improve the capabilities of prostheses, such as mimicking the stiffness, weight, and mobility of a human ankle-foot [1] and autonomously commanding the robotic prosthesis for gait [2].Copyright © 2018 by ASME
Body-weight goals, trends, and weight-loss techniques among patients with peripheral arterial disease:

Background:Obesity contributes to negative outcomes in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Little is known about the body-weight goals and trends among patients with PAD.Aim:The aim of this study wa...
Social media networking satisfaction in the US and Vietnam: Content versus connection

Abstract Facebook is one of the most notable and popular social media networks in the world. It appeals to people of differing cultures, mindsets, and demographics. This study explores cross-cultural differences regarding the relative emphasis of social connection versus informational content to examine ingredients for satisfaction in a social media network in Vietnam (n = 190) versus the US (n = 280). Uses and gratifications theory and self-determination theory argue that belonging, affinity, interactivity, emotional connection, system quality, and information quality are equally important to satisfaction for both cultures. However, the social capital theory, social network density, and cultural tightness-looseness combine to propose differences between the two cultures. Therefore, this study uses fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to find that both cultures value belonging, affinity, and interactivity. In terms of differences, Vietnamese derive higher satisfaction from system quality and emotional connection, and Americans indicate higher satisfaction from information quality.
The Associations between Immunological Reactivity to the Haptenation of Unconjugated Bisphenol A to Albumin and Protein Disulfide Isomerase with Alpha-Synuclein Antibodies

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have increased susceptibility to bisphenol A (BPA) exposure since they have an impaired biotransformation capacity to metabolize BPA. PD subjects have reduced levels of conjugated BPA compared to controls. Reduced ability to conjugate BPA provides increased opportunity for unconjugated BPA to bind to albumin in human serum and protein disulfide isomerase on neurons. Once unconjugated BPA binds to proteins, it changes the allosteric structure of the newly configured protein leading to protein misfolding and the ability of the newly configured protein to act as a neoantigen. Once this neoantigen is formed, the immune system produces antibodies against it. The goal of our research was to investigate associations between unconjugated BPA bound to human serum albumin (BPA-HSA) antibodies and alpha-synuclein antibodies and between Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) antibodies and alpha-synuclein antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the occurrences of alpha-synuclein antibodies, antibodies to BPA-HSA adducts, and PDI antibodies in the sera of blood donors. Subjects that exhibited high levels of unconjugated BPA-HSA antibodies or PDI antibodies had correlations and substantial risk for also exhibiting high levels of alpha-synuclein antibodies (p < 0.0001). We conclude that there are significant associations and risks between antibodies to BPA-HSA adducts and PDI antibodies for developing alpha-synuclein antibodies.
Anesthesia for the Obese Parturient

We present a case of difficult anesthesia for obstetrical surgery. The case involved a morbidly obese patient requiring anesthesia for a cesarean section and was punctuated by difficult and ultimately failed neuraxial anesthesia, semi-urgent induction of general anesthesia, and management of the difficult airway.
Exploiting Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities in Software Defined Radios

As wireless systems are becoming more complex, there is a shift towards implementing these systems completely in software and firmware rather than hardware. Software defined radios allow for quickly prototyping, testing, and deployment of flexible systems that can be upgraded in the field. However, since these systems are implemented in software, common coding mistakes in the signal processing modules can leave these systems vulnerable to traditional cyber-security attacks. As software radios become more prevalent in the industry, the risk of these vulnerabilities existing and being exploited in production systems increases significantly. In many cases, wireless security research is focused on the security of specific protocols rather than vulnerabilities in the radios themselves. Our research focuses specifically on these vulnerabilities that can exist in an implementation. We present two different examples of buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the link-layer processing blocks of a GNU Radio waveform. Both of these examples are based on poorly designed implementations and incorrect assumptions concerning the maximum possible length of a received message. By exploiting these vulnerabilities, we were able to successfully demonstrate persistent denial-of-service attacks and also the ability to remotely execute malicious code on the target. While a better implementation would solve these specific issues, these are examples of common programming mistakes that leave the system vulnerable to attack and can be easily overlooked during development.
Effects of milk fat, casein, and serum protein concentrations on sensory properties of milk-based beverages.

ABSTRACT Our goal was to determine the effect of systematically controlled variation in milk fat, true protein, casein, and serum protein concentrations on the sensory color, flavor and texture properties, instrumental color and viscosity, and milk fat globule size distribution of milk-based beverages. Beverage formulations were based on a complete balanced 3-factor (fat, true protein, and casein as a percentage of true protein) design with 3 fat levels (0.2, 1.0, and 2.0%), 4 true protein (TP) levels (3.00, 3.67, 4.34, and 5.00%) within each fat level, and 5 casein as a percentage of true protein (CN%TP) levels (5, 25, 50, 75, and 80%) within each protein level (for a total of 60 formulations within each of 2 replicates). Instrumental measures of Hunter L and a values and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) b* values, instrumental viscosity, particle size, flavor, sensory texture and sensory appearance evaluations were done on each pasteurized/homogenized beverage formulation. Within each of the 3 fat levels, higher serum protein concentration drove higher aroma intensity, sweet aromatic, cooked/sulfur, cardboard/doughy flavors, and sensory yellowness scores, whereas higher casein concentration drove higher instrumental viscosity in milk protein beverages. Increasing serum protein concentration increased yellowness, sweet aromatic, aroma intensity, cooked/sulfur, and cardboard/doughy flavors across all fat levels and also had the largest effect on L, a, and b* values, sensory whiteness, and opacity within each fat level. Increases in true protein increased throat cling and astringency intensities. Increases in fat concentration were correlated with higher L, a, and b* values, larger particle size, and increased sensory whiteness, mouth coating, cooked/milky, and milkfat flavors. Multiple linear regression of L, a, and b* values produced better predictions of sensory whiteness and yellowness of pasteurized milk protein beverages than simple linear regression of L or b* values, respectively. Formulating milk protein beverages to a higher true protein level increased astringency regardless of fat level. When formulating milk protein beverages, a product developer has a wide range of milk-based protein ingredient choices that differ in price and change price relationship across time. Understanding the expected relative effect of different milk protein ingredients on the textural and flavor characteristics of milk-based beverages could be used to help guide product reformulation decisions and ingredient choices to achieve a specific sensory profile while controlling total beverage ingredient cost.
mTOR Inhibitor Therapy Diminishes Circulating CD8+ CD28- Effector Memory T Cells and Improves Allograft Inflammation in Belatacept-refractory Renal Allograft Rejection.

Background Renal allograft rejection is more frequent under belatacept-based, compared with tacrolimus-based, immunosuppression. We studied kidney transplant recipients experiencing rejection under belatacept-based early corticosteroid withdrawal following T-cell-depleting induction in a recent randomized trial (Belatacept-based Early Steroid Withdrawal Trial, clinicaltrials.gov NCT01729494) to determine mechanisms of rejection and treatment. Methods Peripheral mononuclear cells, serum creatinine levels, and renal biopsies were collected from 8 patients undergoing belatacept-refractory rejection (BRR). We used flow cytometry, histology, and immunofluorescence to characterize CD8 effector memory T cell (TEM) populations in the periphery and graft before and after mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition. Results Here, we found that patients with BRR did not respond to standard antirejection therapy and had a substantial increase in alloreactive CD8 T cells with a CD28/DR/CD38/CD45RO TEM. These cells had increased activation of the mTOR pathway, as assessed by phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 expression. Notably, everolimus (an mTOR inhibitor) treatment of patients with BRR halted the in vivo proliferation of TEM cells and their ex vivo alloreactivity and resulted in their significant reduction in the peripheral blood. The frequency of circulating FoxP3 regulatory T cells was not altered. Importantly, everolimus led to rapid resolution of rejection as confirmed by histology. Conclusions Thus, while prior work has shown that concomitant belatacept + mTOR inhibitor therapy is effective for maintenance immunosuppression, our preliminary data suggest that everolimus may provide an available means for effecting "rescue" therapy for rejections occurring under belatacept that are refractory to traditional antirejection therapy with corticosteroids and polyclonal antilymphocyte globulin.
Psychometric properties of a Haitian Kreyòl version of the trauma symptom checklist.

Abstract Background In this study, the first to examine psychometrics of a Haitian Kreyol version of the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40), we investigated trauma symptoms in survivors of Haiti's 2010 earthquake who reside in Haiti's Cite Soleil slum, a violent neighborhood where non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) is rampant and whose residents are historically underrepresented in research. Methods 233 women and 280 men 18 years or older completed the TSC-40. Differential Item Function (DIF) analysis was performed on the TSC-40 responses for women and men. We examined symptom counts by gender, between NPSV victims and non-victims, and by interaction between gender and NPSV experience. Results We identified a reduced pool of 17-items that exhibited no gender bias. This 17-item index showed acceptable internal consistency reliability (α = 0.87). Employing this index, average symptom counts for women ( x ¯ = 11.3) did not differ from men ( x ¯ = 11.1). Average symptom counts for NPSV victims was greater ( x ¯ = 12.5) than for non-victims ( x ¯ = 10.7). The gender by experience of NPSV interaction indicated that women victims had the highest symptom counts ( x ¯ = 14.0). Limitations We used non-probability sampling, and data were from self-reports collected in a cross-sectional survey. Conclusions Observed differences in trauma burden are likely to be misleading if instruments are administered without regard to DIF. We contribute a Haitian Kreyol Trauma Symptom 17-item index, which offers clinicians/practitioners in Haiti the opportunity to use a valid and reliable measure of enduring trauma symptoms validated in Haiti.
CFRP Rod Panel Retrofit of Impact Damaged RC Bridge Girders

Impact of over-height trucks can cause considerable damage to concrete bridge girders. CFRP rod panels (CRPs) have emerged as an effective method of externally strengthening concrete structures. Both exterior beams of a reinforced concrete bridge over southbound Interstate 71 (I-71) in Kentucky were damaged due to an over-height truck impact. Two of five No. 36 rebar (Diameter = 35.8 mm, Area = 1006 mm2) in the bottom mat of each exterior beam was severely bent due to the impact. In addition, shear reinforcing bars in the vicinity of the impact were cut-off. CRPs were deployed to replace the load carrying capacity lost due to the damaged rebar. CRPs were chosen due to their modular construction capability, allowing the retrofit construction to be carried out using a smaller construction crew, and utilizing only a single lane closure on the interstate highway. CRP 195, with CFRP rods of 3.96-mm diameter, having a capacity of 870 kN per 300 mm width of panel, were selected for the flexural strengthening. Triaxial braided CFRP fabric (0°, ±60°) was selected for shear strengthening and served as containment of crushed concrete in the event of future over-height impacts. CRPs were found to be an excellent choice for the retrofit of impacted RC bridge girders, especially over multi-lane highways.
Can Office-Based Assessment Predict Older Driver Safety?

Date Presented 04/06/19 This study compared performance in 101 drivers age 65 and older on the Useful Field of View and Trail Making Test–Part B to blinded ratings on the 4Cs screening tool completed by the driver’s personal physician. Previous studies reported the 4Cs showed promise predicting fitness to drive of at-risk drivers. Current results indicate the Trails-B may be a better office-based assessment for physicians to use to determine the need to recommend a comprehensive fitness to drive evaluation. Primary Author and Speaker: Kathleen Golisz Additional Authors and Speakers: Jeanine Stancanelli
Tailoring Professional Development to Improve Literacy Instruction in Urban Schools

To address the need for improving instructional practice in literacy, this paper examines whole school, teacher uptake of a professional development initiative over a four-year project. The study takes place in an urban, PK-6 school in a predominantly Mexican-American community. Measuring and analyzing teacher enactment of a professional development innovation during coaching sessions was the basis for making informed decisions about tailored professional development direction and support. Using an observation instrument to analyze teachers’ appropriation levels can reveal teacher learning transitions that provide opportunities to address barriers of understanding development. This study emphasizes the role that individualized and differentiated professional development plays within a community of learners, impacting both in the direction and uptake of whole-school initiatives.
Self-Perceptions of Readiness to Use Electronic Health Records Among Medical Students: Survey Study

Background: Although several national organizations have declared the ability to work with electronic health records (EHRs) as a core competency of medical education, EHR education and use among medical students vary widely. Previous studies have reported EHR tasks performed by medical students, but students’ self-perceived readiness and comfort with EHRs are relatively unknown. Objective: This study aimed to better understand medical students’ self-perceived readiness to use EHRs to identify potential curricular gaps and inform future training efforts based on students’ perspectives. Methods: The authors deployed a survey investigating self-perceived comfort with EHRs at 2 institutions in the United States in May 2019. Descriptive statistics were generated regarding demographics, comfort level with various EHR-related tasks, and cross-institutional comparisons. We also assessed the impact of extracurricular EHR experience on comfort level. Results: In total, 147 medical students responded, of which 80 (54.4%) were female, with equal distribution across all 4 years of training. Overall confidence was generally higher for students with longer extracurricular EHR experience, even when adjusted for age, gender, year of training, and institution. Students were most comfortable with tasks related to looking up information in the EHR and felt less comfortable with tasks related to entering new information and managing medications. Fourth-year students at both schools reported similar levels of comfort with EHR use, despite differences in preclinical EHR training. Open-ended comments emphasized the value of experiential training over didactic formats. Conclusions: Information entry and medication management in the EHR represent areas for future curricular development. Experiential training via extracurricular activities and early clinical exposure may be high-yield approaches to help medical students achieve critical EHR competencies.
Quantification of the Radiative Effect of Aerosol-Cloud-Interactions in Shallow Continental Cumulus Clouds

AbstractThe indirect radiative effect of aerosol variability on shallow cumulus clouds is realized in nature with considerable concurrent meteorological variability. Large eddy simulations constrai...
ROBOT DATA SCREENING – A UBIQUITOUS AUTOMATIC SEARCH TECHNIQUE

Applied statistics has settled into a pleasant and useful arrangement with certain types of scientific investigations. On this scene of domestic bliss quite another sort of problem has now intruded. Because of automation in data acquisition, there are now some fields of scientific inquiry for which data are available in abundance, consisting of many observations on a multitude of variables and stored in machine-readable form. In contrast to traditional data collection schemes, much, if not most, of the observations in these data aggregates were included in the hope that they may shed some light on crucial questions and not because of a preexisting hypothetico-deductive model that selected them a priori as necessary bits of information. Investigators in possession of such motley data aggregates want to know what useful information they can tease from them. Yet they bring little, if any, direction to the search. As a consequence, there have appeared a number of decision problems concerning the purely inductive side of science which do not fit comfortably with traditional statistical thinking.
A Psychology of Visualization or (External) Representation

What is a visualization? There is limited utility in trifling with definitions, except insofar as one serves as a tool for communicating and conceptualizing our subject matter; a statement of identity for a community. To establish Visualization Psychology as a viable inter-disciplinary research programme, we must first define the object(s) of our collective inquiry. I propose that while we might refer to the study of "visualization" for the term's colloquial accessibility and pragmatic alignment with other fields, we should consider for exploration a class of artifacts and corresponding processes more expansive and profound: external representations. What follows is an argument for the study of external representation as the foundation for a new interdisciplinary endeavor, and approach to mapping the corresponding problem space.
Is Activity Silent Working Memory Simply Episodic Memory

Working memory (WM) maintains task-relevant information in a state ready for processing. While traditional theories assume that sustained neuronal activity is responsible for WM, the Activity Silent WM (ASWM) account proposes that maintenance can also be supported by short-term synaptic weight changes. Here, we argue that the evidence for ASWM can be explained more parsimoniously by the involvement of episodic memory (EM) in WM tasks. Like ASWM, EM relies on rapid synaptic modification that is also activity silent; however, while ASWM posits transient synaptic modifications, EM traces persist over longer time periods. We discuss how, despite this difference, well-established EM mechanisms can account for the key findings attributed to ASWM, and describe predictions of this account.
Suppression of NF-κB-induced chronic inflammation mitigates inflammatory osteolysis in the murine continuous polyethylene particle infusion model.

Wear particle-associated bone loss (periprosthetic osteolysis) constrains the longevity of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Wear particles induce a prolonged upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in macrophages and osteoclasts. Synthetic double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can prevent the binding of NF-κB to the promoter regions of targeted genes and inhibit genetic activation. We tested the hypothesis that polyethylene-particle induced chronic inflammatory bone loss could be suppressed by local delivery of NF-κB decoy ODNs in murine in vivo model. Polyethylene particles were continuously infused into the medullary cavity of the distal femur for 6 weeks to induce chronic inflammation, and micro-computational tomography and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Particle-induced chronic inflammation resulted in lower BMD values, an increase in osteoclastogenesis and nuclear translocation of p65, a prolonged M1 pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype, and a decrease of M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. Delayed timing of local infusion of NF-κB decoy ODN for the last 3 weeks reversed polyethylene-particle associated chronic inflammatory bone loss and facilitated bone healing. This study demonstrated that polyethylene-particle associated chronic inflammatory osteolysis can be effectively modulated via interference with the NF-κB pathway; this minimally invasive intervention could potentially be an efficacious therapeutic strategy for periprosthetic osteolysis after TJA.
A Holistic Model for Black Student Success in STEM: The Case for a Comprehensive and Holistic Approach in Building the Pipeline

The failure of the U.S. education system to create access to educational opportunities in STEM for Black Americans is a social justice issue reflecting a long history of exclusion and barriers to the success of Blacks. While the demographics of the U.S. population are in transition, the National Science Foundation’s report on STEM Education Data and Trends (2019) suggests that representation of Blacks and Hispanics in the U.S. STEM Workforce has fallen significantly behind their representation in the population. This underrepresentation of Blacks in the education pipeline and STEM workforce has a significant impact on basic research science, education, and training in STEM. The National Science Foundation’s NCSES data (NSF, 2016–2017) found that in 2016 only 8.27% of SE Gasman & Arroyo, 2014).
Effect of Strain in WS2 Monolayer Integrated Excitonic Photodetector

We investigate the effect of local non-homogeneous strain on WS2 monolayer when integrated on a SiN photonic waveguide showing a strong spectral responsivity(80mA/W) at exciton wavelength(620nm) and shift of ~10nm in photodetector device.
The US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Science and Technology: 1972–82

Between 1972 and 1982, the National Science Foundation played a leading role in managing the US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Science and Technology (henceforth termed the Science and Technology Agreement). That experience provided insights into the problems of designing official scientific exchange programs between the United States and the Soviet Union that produce benefits for the West while minimizing risks of unwanted technological transfer.
Ningún desorden resulta claro

La nada. Jorge H. Cadavid. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 2000, 77 pags. Un leve mandamiento. Jorge H. Cadavid. Trilce Editores. Bogota, 2002, 93 pags.
Breakthrough for CW management and operation model in 200mm FAB by specialization technician

• Introduction • Key Tasks & Their Benefits ▪ Central Monitor Center ▪ Specific Monitor Group ▪ Auto-sorter ▪ Pre-measurement Value Inheritance ▪ MMHS for Control Wafer Transports • Conclusions & Discussion
Prospects for Higgs and SM measurements at the HL-LHC

After a succesful startup of the LHC scientific program that has led to discovery of the Higgs boson it is time to make plans for the future. The high luminosity LHC (HLLHC) project is discussed, plans for possible Higgs and SM measurements are reviewed.
On the Geometric Ergodicity of Two-Variable Gibbs Samplers

A Markov chain is geometrically ergodic if it converges to its in- variant distribution at a geometric rate in total variation norm. We study geo- metric ergodicity of deterministic and random scan versions of the two-variable Gibbs sampler. We give a sufficient condition which simultaneously guarantees both versions are geometrically ergodic. We also develop a method for simul- taneously establishing that both versions are subgeometrically ergodic. These general results allow us to characterize the convergence rate of two-variable Gibbs samplers in a particular family of discrete bivariate distributions.
Recurrence semigroups and their relation to data storage in fast recurrence solvers on parallel machines

There is a wealth of algorithms for solving recurrence systems on parallel machines. However, none of them takes into account the time and cost necessary to supply data to processors and data organization in parallel memory modules. It is shown how algorithms based on semigroups of recurrences lead naturally to the solution of this problem. Furthermore, it is shown that a parallel processor with a shift unit for rearranging data in memories is sufficient for solving recurrence systems.
Advances in Intelligent Information Systems

Intelligent Information Systems (IIS) can be defined as the next generation of Information Systems (IS) developed as a result of integration of AI and database (DB) technologies. IIS embody knowledge that allows them to exhibit intelligent behavior, allows them to cooperate with users and other systems in problem solving, discovery, retrieval, and manipulation of data and knowledge. For any IIS to serve its purpose, the information must be available when it is needed. This means that the computing systems used to store data and process the information, and the security controls used to protect it must be functioning correctly. This book covers some of the above topics and it is divided into four sections: Classification, Approximation and Data Security, Knowledge Management, and Application of IIS to medical and music domains.
Hydrodynamics of Liquid Capsules Enclosed by Elastic Membranes

The flow-induced deformation of liquid capsules enclosed by elastic membranes is discussed with reference to the biofluid-dynamics of vesicles and biological cells. The deformation of a membrane from a reference configuration causes the development of non-isotropic in-plane elastic tensions, transverse shear tensions, and bending moments according to constitutive laws that reflect the membrane constitution. The type and degree of capsule deformation, the internal and external structure of the flow, and the macroscopic rheological properties of a suspension are determined by the magnitude of the developing elastic tensions and bending moments relative to the strength of the imposed flow. Integral representations of the flow past a collection of capsules are reviewed, and integral equations for the velocity distribution over the membranes are presented for two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and axisymmetric flow at vanishing Reynolds number. The velocity field due to the presence of the capsules is expressed in terms of distributions of Stokes flow singularities over the membranes, represented by the single-layer and double-layer hydrodynamic potential of Stokes flow. The strength of the distribution of the single-layer potential expressing interfacial distributions of point forces is identified with jump in the hydrodynamic traction across a membrane. Expressions for this jump are reviewed and derived in terms of the developing elastic tensions and bending moments under the formalism of the theory of thin shells.
A novel approach to semi-automated evolution of DSML model transformation

In the industrial applications of Model-Based Development, the evolution of modeling languages is an inevitable issue. The migration to the new language involves the reuse of the existing artifacts created for the original language, such as models and model transformations. This paper is devoted to an evolution method for model transformations as well as the related algorithms. The change description is assumed to be available in a modeling language specific to the evolution. Based on the change description, our method is able to automate certain parts of the evolution. When automation is not possible, our algorithms automatically alert the user about the missing semantic information, which can then be provided manually after the automatic part of the interpreter evolution. The algorithms have been implemented and tested in an industrial environment. The results indicate that the semi-automated evolution of model transformations decreases the time and effort required with a manual approach.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for post concussion symptoms: issues may affect the results

Post concussion syndrome (PCS) is a set of symptoms succeeding in 25 % of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been demonstrated as an effective method for treating acute and severe TBI, but its efficacy in PCS remains controversial. In this editorial, we reviewed the clinical studies of HBOT in PCS, summarized the limitations of these studies, and discussed the limitations: inappropriate Sham group using room air at 1.2 or 1.3 ATA; delayed HBO administration; subjective assessment methods; time point for outcome assessment and small sample size. We hope that our concerns will be helpful for future clinical studies of HBO therapy in TBI or other neurological disorders.
The economic burden of physical inactivity in Canada

Background: About two-thirds of Canadians are physically inactive. As a risk factor for several chronic diseases, physical inactivity can potentially be a substantial public health burden. We estimated the direct health care costs attributable to physical inactivity in Canada, the number of lives lost prematurely each year that are attributable to a sedentary lifestyle and the effect that a reduction of 10% in inactivity levels (a Canadian objective for 2003) could have on reducing direct health care costs. Methods: We calculated summary relative risk (RR) estimates from prospective longitudinal studies of the effects of physical inactivity on coronary artery disease, stroke, colon cancer, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. We then computed the population-attributable fraction (PAF) for each illness from the summary RR and the prevalence of physical inactivity (i.e., 62%) and applied the PAF to the total direct health care expenditures for 1999 and to the number of deaths in 1995 associated with each disease to determine the health care costs and lives lost prematurely that were directly attributable to physical inactivity. Results: About $2.1 billion, or 2.5% of the total direct health care costs in Canada, were attributable to physical inactivity in 1999. A sensitivity analysis (simultaneously varying each of the health care costs and PAF by ±20%) indicated that the costs could be as low as $1.4 billion and as high as $3.1 billion. About 21 000 lives were lost prematurely in 1995 because of inactivity. A 10% reduction in the prevalence of physical inactivity has the potential to reduce direct health care expenditures by $150 million a year. Interpretation: Physical inactivity represents an important public health burden in Canada. Even modest reductions in inactivity levels could result in substantial cost savings.
The determination of partial structure functions in an Al-Zn-Ag alloy

Abstract The three linearly independent partial structure functions have been successfully determined for a ternary Al-14%Zn-4%Ag sample using the technique of anomalous small angle x-ray scattering. The corrected intensity vs the relative change in the scattering factor of Zn showed the predicted quadratic form. The parameters of the fitted parabola yield directly the partial structure functions SZnZn(q), SZnAg(q), and SAgAg(q). The results are compared to the two-phase model of phase separation.
Brain-machine interface via real-time fMRI: preliminary study on thought-controlled robotic arm.

Real-time functional MRI (rtfMRI) has been used as a basis for brain–computer interface (BCI) due to its ability to characterize region-specific brain activity in real-time. As an extension of BCI, we present an rtfMRI-based brain–machine interface (BMI) whereby 2-dimensional movement of a robotic arm was controlled by the regulation (and concurrent detection) of regional cortical activations in the primary motor areas. To do so, the subjects were engaged in the right- and/or left-hand motor imagery tasks. The blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal originating from the corresponding hand motor areas was then translated into horizontal or vertical robotic arm movement. The movement was broadcasted visually back to the subject as a feedback. We demonstrated that real-time control of the robotic arm only through the subjects’ thought processes was possible using the rtfMRI-based BMI trials.
The interkinetic migration of embryonic epithelial nuclei

Nuclei of columnar epithelia of vertebrate embryos move to the free epithelial surface before a division, the movement of the nucleus accompanying a shortening of the columnar cell. After division at the free surface the daughter cells elongate, the nuclei passing away from the free surface. This is illustrated by drawings and measurements of cells of the fore-gut it of the garter snake embryo. The elongation of these cells after mitosis is associated with an elongation of the spindle fibers to produce a prominent cytoplasmic fiber which persists through the interkinetic stage and into the next mitosis. The appearance of nests of nuclei in mitosis is accounted for by the fact that descendants of an earlier cell have kept approximately in step in their divisions.