cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rates of H2O2 generation from peroxisomal β-oxidation are sufficient to account for fatty acid-stimulated ethanol metabolism in perfused rat liver

Abstract Fatty acids generate H 2 O 2 via peroxisomal β-oxidation and increase ethanol metabolism markedly in a system that involves catalase-H 2 O 2 . The present studies were conducted to understand why fatty acid-stimulated ethanol metabolism occurs much faster than rates of H 2 O 2 generation reported previously in perfused rat liver. A new method was developed to measure rates of H 2 O 2 generation based on the fact that methanol is oxidized only by catalase in rat liver. Rates of H 2 O 2 generation were estimated from the time necessary for the steady-state level of catalase-H 2 O 2 measured spectrophotometrically (660-640 nm) through a lobe of the liver to return to basal values following the addition of a known quantity of methanol in a closed perfusion system containing 4% bovine serum albumin. Under these conditions, basal rates of H 2 O 2 production and rates of 4-methylpyrazole-insensitive ethanol oxidation were in a similar range (10 to 20 μmol/g/hr). Rates of H 2 O 2 generation were increased up to 80 μmol/g/hr by addition of laurate, palmitate or oleate (1 mM); half-maximal increases in rates were observed with 0.6 mM oleate. Hexanoate, a short-chain fatty acid, did not stimulate H 2 O 2 production or ethanol uptake. In these studies, rates of H 2 O 2 generation compared well with rates of fatty acid-stimulated ethanol uptake measured in the presence of 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, with all fatty acids studied. It is concluded, therefore, that rates of H 2 O 2 generation are sufficient to account for rates of fatty acid-stimulated ethanol metabolism via catalase-H 2 O 2 . In addition, these data indicate that catalase may contribute significantly to ethanol oxidation under physiological conditions in the presence of fatty acids.
Cure kinetics characterization and monitoring of an epoxy resin using DSC, Raman spectroscopy, and DEA

R. Hardis, J. Jessop, F. E. Peters, M. R. Kessler. Cure Kinetics Characterization and Monitoring of an Epoxy Resin for Thick Composite Structures, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2013, 49, 100-108. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.01.021.
Acetyl phosphate as a substitute for ATP in (Na− + K+)-dependent ATPase

Abstract 1. 1. In the presence of Mg 2+ and Na + , acetyl phosphate replaced ATP as an agent for phosphorylating Na + - and K + -dependent ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3). 2. 2. The phospho-enzymes produced by both substrates were similar in the following respects: (a) electrophoretic mobility and chemical reactivity of phosphopeptides released by proteolytic digestion of the denatured enzyme, (b) the quantity of phospho-enzyme, (c) the concentration of Na + for half-maximal phosphorylation, (d) a requirement for Mg 2+ , (e) the half-life at o°. Furthermore, each substrate inhibited phosphorylation by the other, and the inhibitor ouabain enhanced the inhibitory effect of acetyl phosphate. 3. 3. In the presence of Mg 2+ and K + , acetyl phosphate, unlike ATP, also phosphorylated the enzyme. The quantity of phospho-enzyme was less and its turnover was faster. K + appeared to accelerate both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. 4. 4. The same active site may be an intermediate in both the Na + - and K + -dependent ATPase activity and the K + -dependent acetyl phosphatase activity of this enzyme system in functionally different conformations of an active center.
Analysis and applications of the Voronoi Implicit Interface Method

We analyze a new mathematical and numerical framework, the "Voronoi Implicit Interface Method" ("VIIM"), first introduced in Saye and Sethian (2011) R.I. Saye, J.A. Sethian, The Voronoi Implicit Interface Method for computing multiphase physics, PNAS 108 (49) (2011) 19498-19503] for tracking multiple interacting and evolving regions ("phases") whose motion is determined by complex physics (fluids, mechanics, elasticity, etc.). From a mathematical point of view, the method provides a theoretical framework for moving interface problems that involve multiple junctions, defining the motion as the formal limit of a sequence of related problems. Discretizing this theoretical framework provides a numerical methodolology which automatically handles multiple junctions, triple points and quadruple points in two dimensions, as well as triple lines, etc. in higher dimensions. Topological changes in the system occur naturally, with no surgery required. In this paper, we present the method in detail, and demonstrate several new extensions of the method to different physical phenomena, including curvature flow with surface energy densities defined on a per-phase basis, as well as multiphase fluid flow in which density, viscosity and surface tension can be defined on a per-phase basis.We test this method in a variety of ways. We perform rigorous analysis and demonstrate convergence in both two and three dimensions for a variety of evolving interface problems, including verification of von Neumann-Mullins' law in two dimensions (and its analog in three dimensions), as well as normal driven flow and curvature flow with and without constraints, demonstrating topological change and the effects of different boundary conditions. We couple the method to a second order projection method solver for incompressible fluid flow, and study the effects of membrane permeability and impermeability, large shearing torsional forces, and the effects of varying density, viscosity and surface tension on a per-phase basis. Finally, we demonstrate convergence in both space and time of a topological change in a multiphase foam.
Reduction of Selenite to Elemental Red Selenium by Pseudomonas sp. Strain CA5

A Pseudomonas sp. that may be useful in bioremediation projects was isolated from soil. The strain is of potential value because it reduces selenite to elemental red selenium and is unusual in that it was resistant to high concentrations of both selenate and selenite. Exposure of the strain to 50, 100, and 150 mM selenite reduced growth by 28, 57, and 66%, respectively, while no change in growth was observed when the strain was exposed to 64 mM selenate, the highest level tested. Cells of the strain removed 1.7 mM selenite from the culture fluid during a 7-day incubation. A selenite reductase with a molecular weight of ~115 kD was detected in cell-free extracts and a protein with a molecular weight of ~700 kD was detected that reduced both selenate and nitrate. The bacterial isolate is a strict aerobe, reducing selenite to elemental red selenium under aerobic conditions only. Pseudomonas sp. strain CA5 might be useful as an inoculum for bioreactors used to harvest selenium from selenite-containing groundwater. 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment and fatty acid analysis were used to identify the bacterium as a novel species of Pseudomonas related to P. argentinensis, P. flavescens, and P. straminea.
The Role of Comprehension Monitoring in Children's Revision

Revision is a critically important component of the writing process, yet much research indicates that young children are often reluctant to revise unless provided with strong adult encouragement and support. Children's limited comprehension monitoring ability may contribute to their difficulty with revision. Children in the early elementary school years have been found to systematically overestimate the clarity of text, and therefore they often fail to identify potential comprehension problems that might be experienced by a naive reader. Conversely, accurate assessment of text comprehensibility has been shown to lead to successful revisions by both older and younger children. Recent studies indicate that training in comprehension monitoring strategies in turn yields benefits for children's revision.
Fair and dynamic proofs of retrievability

Cloud computing is getting increasingly popular, but has yet to be widely adopted arguably because there are many security and privacy problems that have not been adequately addressed. A specific problem encountered in the context of cloud storage, where clients outsource their data (files) to untrusted cloud storage servers, is to convince the clients that their data are kept intact at the storage servers. An important approach to achieve this goal is called Proof of Retrievability (POR), by which a storage server can convince a client --- via a concise proof --- that its data can be recovered. However, existing POR solutions can only deal with static data (i.e., data items must be fixed), and actually are not secure when used to deal with dynamic data (i.e., data items need be inserted, deleted, and modified). Motivated by the need to securely deal with dynamic data, we propose the first dynamic POR scheme for this purpose. Moreover, we introduce a new property, called fairness, which is necessary and also inherent to the setting of dynamic data because, without ensuring it, a dishonest client could legitimately accuse an honest cloud storage server of manipulating its data. Our solution is based on two new tools, one is an authenticated data structure we call range-based 2-3 trees (rb23Tree for short), and the other is an incremental signature scheme we call hash-compress-and-sign (HCS for short). These tools might be of independent value as well.
Intercellular Electrical Coupling at a Forming Membrane Junction in a Dividing Cell

Ion communication between the halves (blastomere) of a dividing cell (Asterias forbesi egg), as determined electrically, diminishes progressively during division as a cell membrane junction forms at the plane of cleavage. Virtually all communication is lost towards the end of division by the time the first intercellular space becomes continuous with the exterior. Resting membrane potentials in both cell halves are essentially equal and constant throughout division.
Thrombectomie cave et suture directe après néphrectomie élargie pour cancer du rein : expérience monocentrique

Rationnelle La reconstruction de veine cave inferieure (VCI) pour cancer du rein localement avance inclut la resection avec et sans interposition de greffon, la mise en place de patch, ou la suture directe. Les avantages proposes de la plastie veineuse laterale et de la reparation primaire sont d’eviter l’utilisation de materiel etranger, une reparation plus expeditive, et conservation du champ d’aval au retour veineux des membres inferieurs. Methodes Une etude retrospective monocentrique portant sur 22 patients avec cancer du rein et thrombus VCI traites par nephrectomie radicale, plastie veineuse laterale, thrombectomie, et suture directe de la veine cave a ete effectuee entre juillet 2002 et juin 2009. Les donnees demographiques et diagnostiques, les coupes d’imagerie, et les resultats des interventions ont ete etudies. Resultats chez 13 hommes et 9 femmes, l’âge moyen etait de 62,1 ans (42-83) ; la taille moyenne de la tumeur etait de 9,8 cm (3-17 cm), et 90% ( n = 18) des cas de cancer du rein ont ete identifies pathologiquement comme etant des adenocarcinomes a cellules claires; sur la base du systeme de classification adopte par Neves, niveau I dans 50% ( n = 11), le niveau II dans 32% ( n = 7), niveau III dans 9% ( n = 2), et niveau IV dans 9% ( n = 2) des patients. Tous les patients ont eu une nephrectomie radicale en bloc avec ablation du thrombus tumoral et reparation directe de la VCI. La duree moyenne d’intervention etait de 547,9 ± 138,5 minutes, tandis que le temps de clampage moyen de la VCI etait de 10,8 minutes (6-29 minutes). Il n’y avait ni deces peroperatoire ni embolie pulmonaire et tous marges VCI se sont averes pathologiquement negatives. Les complications postoperatoires ont inclus une embolie pulmonaire, une exacerbation de lymphoedeme chronique, et deux cas de dysfonctionnement erectile de novo. Le suivi moyen etait 36,4 ± 23,2 mois (6-92 mois). Il n’y avait aucun changement radiographique ou de modification cliniquement significative du diametre moyen de la VCI pendant le suivi. Les cinq deces tardifs (23%) sont survenus en raison de metastases du cancer du rein sur une periode moyenne de 24 mois (gamme, 12-48), mais sans aucune recidive locale. Conclusion Pour les cancers du rein avance avec prolongation de thrombus tumoral dans la VCI, la plastie veineuse laterale et la reparation directe de la VCI evite des reconstructions caves complexes et les resultats montrent des taux eleves de permeabilite avec un faible taux de recidive locale de la tumeur.
CIRUS: a scalable modular architecture for reusable drivers

The system on a chip (SoC) market segment is driven by rapid TTM (time to market), OS scalability, and efficiency. This requires the SW stack to be designed with TTM, scalability and efficiency as first order design constraints. In this paper we propose a layered modular architecture for SoC drivers to enable aggressive driver code reuse between OSes and platforms. This cuts SW development, validation, integration, and maintenance effort. We then discuss the implementation of such an architecture in a media driver that is highly reusable across SoCs in different market segments and operating systems.
Texture splats for 3D scalar and vector field visualization

Volume visualization is becoming an important tool for understanding large 3D data sets. A popular technique for volume rendering is known as splatting. With new hardware architectures offering substantial improvements in the performance of rendering texture mapped objects, we present textured splats. An ideal reconstruction function for 3D signals is developed which can be used as a texture map for a splat. Extensions to the basic splatting technique are then developed to additionally represent vector fields. >
Low-Loss NbTiN Films for THz SIS Mixer Tuning Circuits

Recent results at 1 THz using normal-metal tuning circuits have shown that SIS mixers can work well up to twice the gap frequency of the junction material (niobium). However, the performance at 1 THz is limited by the substantial loss in the normal metal films. For better performance superconducting films with a higher gap frequency than niobium and with low RF loss are needed. Niobium nitride has long been considered a good candidate material, but typical NbN films suffer from high RF loss. To circumvent this problem we are currently investigating the RF loss in NbTiN films, a 15K Tc compound superconductor, by incorporating them into quasi-optical slot antenna SIS devices.
Remembering our teachers.

The spotlight on the biochemistry stage moves rapidly, leaving a star of yesterday in thedark and virtually forgotten. A substance, a procedure, or a biochemical event named after thestar is eventually renamed and what seemed an assurance of immortality is gone. This hasbeen the fate of the Cori cycle, the Cori ester, and of Carl and Gerty Cori as well.In journals (and even more so in textbooks) discoveries are described in a logical patternunlike the sequence of erratic and serendipitous events which led to them but seldom withreferences to the authors included. In the hope that we might profit from reflecting on how ourscientific lives and work have been shaped by past stars, I want to consider on how they(among them my teachers, Carl Cori, Gerty Cori, and Severo Ochoa) affected mine.
Ultra fast pilot protection of a looped distribution system

The distribution system considered in this work is the FREEDM* loop. The loop is divided into different zones for protection. A fast pilot protection scheme is proposed for this looped system. The scheme makes time synchronized measurements of line currents, converts them to digital word. Time synchronization is added using a GPS. This time-synchronized digital word is transmitted to a computer, which executes a protection strategy for differential protection as primary and overcurrent protection as backup based on the requirements of the FREEDM system. A trip signal generated by this strategy is sent to the breaker to trip the line to complete the experimental setup. Since the protection algorithm is based on digital signals, this scheme is much faster than a conventional differential pilot protection algorithm.
Human settlement and baobab distribution in south-western Mali

Aim Human settlement establishment and reproduction of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) appear spatially and temporally dependent because baobabs are abundant in many settlement sites in Africa. This paper tests the spatiotemporal relationship between baobab and settlement distribution. Location South-western Mali. Methods In an area of 183 km2, 1240 baobabs were located and mapped, their diameters measured, and habitat characteristics recorded for each individual. All occupied (n = 9) and abandoned (n = 84) settlements were located and mapped, and occupation dates were determined through interviews. Chi-squared analysis indicated baobab habitat preferences, and bivariate point-pattern analysis tested baobab–settlement spatiotemporal independence. Results Baobabs and human settlements are positively spatially associated at most distances and for all baobab size-class–settlement age-class pairs. However, positive spatial association is significant only at distances < 500 m, and young settlements and large baobabs are not significantly associated. Positive association between small and large baobabs is marginally significant at <300 m, but observed significance is less than that for baobab–settlement positive association. Baobab abundance is not evenly distributed across the range of habitats it occupies; recruitment is strongest in settlements and fields, and on cliffs, while mortality is highest on cliffs. Ethnographic observations suggest that human settlement practices and fruit use are the main human factors contributing to baobab–settlement positive spatial association. Main conclusions There are three main conclusions: (1) Human settlement and baobab recruitment are spatially dependant because settlement leads directly and indirectly to the development of baobab groves at settlement sites. (2) The lower than expected abundance of mature individuals in natural habitats, and the habitat preferences of the observed population, suggest that baobabs were introduced to south-western Mali, probably centuries ago. (3) Human mobility over decadal time-scales is necessary to maintain baobab population structure in landscapes dominated by shifting land use, where baobabs are not purposefully planted. Baobab population processes in such landscapes occur at the scale of human settlement.
Tropical Diaspora: The Jewish Experience in Cuba

For the generations of Jews who immigrated to Cuba after 1900, the experience was bittersweet. Cuba welcomed immigrants long after the United States shut its doors to them in 1924, particularly refugees from Nazism. Yet the story of Cuban Jewry also includes the tragic 1939 drama of the SS St. Louis, turned away from Havana and the United States with its cargo of German-Jewish refugees still aboard, a propaganda coup for Germany. Although many Jews prospered economically on the island, they always remained outsiders, denied access to political influence and to high society. Unlike Jewish communities elsewhere, Jews in Cuba played virtually no cultural or intellectual role. Ironically, those who emigrated to the United States as politically (and economically) desirable refugees after the 1959 revolution were the same Jews, or the children of the same Jews, who had been deemed undesirable and denied U.S. entry in the 1920s. Robert Levine interviewed nearly a hundred Cuban-Jewish immigrants in the course of writing this book, and his use of their words lends the work an especially engaging, lively quality and makes it a vivid reflection of how the immigrants thought and felt and lived. The pages contain more than seventy-five rare photographs of the island and of the Jewish community from its origins to its near-moribund state today. Levine also compares the experience of Cuba's Jews with that of other immigrant groups, as well as that of Holocaust survivors in other Caribbean and Central American countries. The book's broad scope thus gives it appeal not only for students of Latin American Jewish issues but for all those interested in the relationship between majority and minoritysocieties in the Americas.
Writing Human Rights History—And Social Science Encounters

This review essay on Aryeh Neier's The International Human Rights Movement: A History (Princeton University Press, 2012) discusses Neier's central themes: the origins and maturation of the movement and its effects, including the expansion of human rights and humanitarian law, enhanced criminal accountability for human rights crimes, and the appearance of criminal tribunals, culminating in the International Criminal Court. An overview is interspersed by imaginary conversations between Neier and scholars who speak to his themes, especially legal scholar Jenny Martinez, political scientists Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, historians Devin Pendas and Tomaz Jardim, and sociologists John Hagan, Daniel Levy, Natan Sznaider, Joachim Savelsberg, and Ryan D. King. Linking a practitioner's account with scholarly analyses yields some benefits of “Pasteur's Quadrant.”
Changes in the Mississippi River Fishery along Illinois, 1976–1996

Abstract In the 1970s the Great River Environmental Action Team (GREAT) proposed a long-range management strategy for the Mississippi River. GREAT predicted that backwater habitat would be lost and the fishery would decline riverwide over a 50-year period unless management changed. Twenty years into that 50-year period, long term data from fisheries monitoring along 581 miles of the river bordering Illinois has been gathered. From 1976–95, 483 electrofishing collections totaling 125,503 fish of 98 species were made at 33 locations. Species richness and catch per unit of effort analyses indicate that certain backwater fish species have declined, while river channel species have increased in number and frequency of occurrence.
Effect of Chronic Ethanol Feeding on Rat Liver Phospholipid

Determinations of liver phospholipid concentration and composition were made in experiments to investigate the effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on liver phospholipid metabolism in the rat. Each ethanol-fed animal was grouped with a control animal pair-fed the basal diet plus sucrose and a control animal fed the basal diet ad libitum. Both male and female animals fed ethanol developed increased concentrations of liver phospholipid; the increment in the males was greater than that in the females. Quantitative two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of the phos pholipid fractions showed an increase in lysolecithin and phosphatidyl ethanolamine in the ethanol-fed animals, whether calculated on the basis of phospholipid concentra tion or total liver content. The increase in lysolecithin, a membrane-lysing agent, may be relevant to alterations reported in experimental and clinical chronic alcoholism.
Gang Suppression Through Saturation Patrol, Aggressive Curfew, and Truancy Enforcement: A Quasi-Experimental Test of the Dallas Anti-Gang Initiative

In 1996, the Dallas Police Department began an anti-gang initiative that was designed to reduce gang violence. Five defined target areas that were home to seven of the city's most violent gangs received overtime-funded officers to implement several different enforcement strategies. The strategies included saturation patrol and aggressive curfew and truancy enforcement. Control areas were selected, and preintervention and postintervention measures of gang violence and offenses that were reported to the police were analyzed. The findings indicated that aggressive curfew and truancy enforcement led to significant reductions in gang violence, whereas simple saturation patrol did not. In addition, there were no significant reductions in offenses reported to the police. The significance of these findings and policy implications is discussed.
The 2006 William Feinberg Lecture Shifting the Paradigm From Stroke to Global Vascular Risk Estimation

By the year 2010, it is estimated that 18.1 million people worldwide will die annually because of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. "Global vascular risk" more broadly includes the multiple overlapping disease silos of stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, and vascular death. Estimation of global vascular risk requires consideration of a variety of variables including demographics, environmental behaviors, and risk factors. Data from multiple studies suggest continuous linear relationships between the physiological vascular risk modulators of blood pressure, lipids, and blood glucose rather than treating these conditions as categorical risk factors. Constellations of risk factors may be more relevant than individual categorical components. Exciting work with novel risk factors may also have predictive value in estimates of global vascular risk. Advances in imaging have led to the measurement of subclinical conditions such as carotid intima-media thickness and subclinical brain conditions such as white matter hyperintensities and silent infarcts. These subclinical measurements may be intermediate stages in the transition from asymptomatic to symptomatic vascular events, appear to be associated with the fundamental vascular risk factors, and represent opportunities to more precisely quantitate disease progression. The expansion of studies in molecular epidemiology and detection of genetic markers underlying vascular risks also promises to extend our precision of global vascular risk estimation. Global vascular risk estimation will require quantitative methods that bundle these multi-dimensional data into more precise estimates of future risk. The power of genetic information coupled with data on demographics, risk-inducing behaviors, vascular risk modulators, biomarkers, and measures of subclinical conditions should provide the most realistic approximation of an individual's future global vascular risk. The ultimate public health benefit, however, will depend on not only identification of global vascular risk but also the realization that we can modify this risk and prove the prediction models wrong.
Insect densoviruses may be widespread in mosquito cell lines

A diagnostic PCR assay was designed based on conserved regions of previously sequenced densovirus genomic DNA isolated from mosquitoes. Application of this assay to different insect cell lines resulted in a number of cases of consistent positive amplification of the predicted size fragment. Positive PCR results were subsequently confirmed to correlate with densovirus infection by both electron microscopy and indirect fluorescent antibody test. In each case the nucleotide sequence of the amplified PCR fragments showed high identity to previously reported densoviruses isolated from mosquitoes. Phylogenetic analysis based on these sequences showed that two of these isolates were examples of new densoviruses. These viruses could infect and replicate in mosquitoes when administered orally or parenterally and these infections were largely avirulent. In one virus/mosquito combination vertical transmission to progeny was observed. The frequency with which these viruses were detected would suggest that they may be quite common in insect cell lines.
Energy-Aware Data Acquisition in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents an energy-aware data acquisition scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that integrates Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) and Dynamic Modulation Scaling (DMS) techniques to minimize the total energy consumption within the networks. Applications of data acquisition with real-time constraints are considered in the study. The new scheme achieves energy savings by trading energy against both computation and communication time. The objective is to design a strategy that optimally allocates the limited processing time to computation and communication by adjusting the processor's supply voltage and the radio's modulation level. This leads to a resource allocation problem which exhibited three characteristics: (1) mono-increasing, (2) mono-decreasing, and (3) convex functions which depend on the in-situ condition. By finding the boundaries that distinguish the three cases, a strategy is built that used a simple policy for the first two monotone cases and an optimization approach for the third case. By applying this strategy as the energy-aware scheme, the simulation results demonstrate an average 60 percent energy reduction when compared to a node where no energy-aware technique is used. The ineffectiveness of DVS in high communication tasks is also rectified by incorporating DMS into DVS.
Integrating Quality Improvement Tenets into the Marketing Curriculum

Business schools have been criticized for failing to keep up with the changing business environment. An area of dynamic change in business is the move toward quality improvement. Quality improvement methods focus the entire organization on the customer This article examines options available to marketing educators interested in integrating tenets of quality improvement into the marketing curriculum in order to meet the needs of student and employer stakeholders.
Creative Counseling Techniques for Family Therapists.

This article examines the effectiveness of using creative techniques in counseling. The article addresses issues such as what creative techniques are, why they are used, when to use them, and ideas...
Glioma microenvironment-derived CCL2 recruits regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults with a median survival of 14.6 months despite surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. One hallmark of GBM is the accumulation of potently immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). However, the factors underlying Treg and MDSC trafficking to GBM have not been well established. We identified C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) as a glioma microenvironment-derived chemokine that recruits Tregs and MDSCs that express the cognate receptors CCR4 and CCR2, respectively. First, we found that CCL2 expression is a prognostic factor for GBM patients using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. High CCL2 expression was correlated with a poor prognosis in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. We also confirmed the presence of CCL2 in GBM patient samples by immunohistochemical staining. In the syngeneic murine GL261 model of GBM, the major source of CCL2 was macrophages and microglia in the glioma microenvironment rather than tumor cells themselves. Treatment of ex vivo isolated microglia and bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages with GL261 conditioned media resulted in CCL2 production, suggesting that a soluble GL261-derived factor was responsible for the production of CCL2 in microglia and macrophages. To identify potential candidates for this GL261-derived factor, a cytokine array was performed. We found that CCL20 was highly produced by the tumors and was sufficient for the stimulation of CCL2 production by BM-derived macrophages. Implantation of GL261 cells in Ccl2-/- mice resulted in reduced levels of Tregs and Ly-6C+ monocytic MDSCs but not Ly-6G+ granulocytic MDSCs. Finally, treatment of mice bearing intracranial GL261 tumors with the small molecule chemokine receptor antagonist C 021 increased median survival ~30%. Thus, the CCL2 chemokine-receptor axis is a potential therapeutic target in GBM as a major mechanism for the recruitment of Tregs and MDSCs.
Annotated Example of the OpEd System

The theory of argument comprehension described in previous chapters has been developed from the perspective of natural language understanding. Because of this approach, argument comprehension in OpEd is not considered as an isolated task but rather as an integral aspect of language comprehension. As such, OpEd’s process model involves the use of techniques for mapping input editorial text into an argument graph that represents and maintains the context of the editorial for subsequent question answering. This chapter illustrates those techniques by analyzing a detailed example of OpEd’s input/output behavior.
Your professional home: the value of American College of Cardiology membership.

![Figure][1] Health care is undergoing significant and rapid change, and no one is immune—not patients or those in charge of their care. The American College of Cardiology (ACC) recognizes this change and the inherent opportunities and challenges that go along with it. We also recognize the
Proton Transfer in Perfluorosulfonic Acid Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

Proton dissociation and transfer are investigated with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations of carbon nanotubes (CNT) functionalized with perfluorosulfonic acid (-CF2SO3H) groups with 3 H2O/–SO3H. The CNT systems were constructed both with and without fluorine atoms covalently bound to the inner walls to determine the effects of the presence of fluorine on proton dissociation, hydration, and stabilization. The results of the AIMD trajectories show that decreasing the separation of sulfonic acid groups increases the propensity for proton dissociation. The simulations also revealed that the dissociated proton was preferentially stabilized as a hydrated hydronium (H3O+) cation in the CNT systems with the fluorine. This feature is attributed to the fluorine atoms providing a localized negative charge that promotes hydrogen bonding of the water molecules coordinated to the central hydronium ion. The hydrated H3O+ ion differed from a traditional Eigen cation (H9O4 +) as it donated hydrogen bonds to sulfonate oxygen atoms, as well as water molecules.
Dynamic Analysis of Cross Flow Heat Exchangers in Data Centers Using Transient Effectiveness Method

Heat exchangers are important facilities used in data center cooling systems. The effectiveness of heat exchangers strongly influences the thermal performance of cooling systems. Rear door heat exchangers, in-row, overhead coolers, and fully contained cabinets are some examples of executing liquid and hybrid cooling systems used in data centers. A liquid to liquid heat exchanger is an important component of the coolant distribution unit, which supplies chilled water to the aforementioned heat exchangers. Computer room air handler units are also typically liquid to air cross flow heat exchangers. It is important to characterize the dynamic behavior of these heat exchangers for the thermal management of data centers, to improve the design of control strategies, and energy efficiency. The transient response of a 2-D unmixed-unmixed cross flow heat exchanger, with a finite wall capacitance, is investigated. The transient effectiveness concept is used to build the mathematical models that will be used to solve and analyze the transient problems involving cross flow heat exchangers. Several transient cases are investigated numerically for step, ramp, and exponential variations in the inlet temperature of the minimum capacity rate fluid, as well as step and ramp changes in the flow rate of hot and cold fluids. The transient effectiveness characteristics are tested in parametric studies. The results obtained show that transient effectiveness is a useful method of analyzing and predicting the dynamic performance of cross flow heat exchangers.
Analysis and Countermeasure on clinical Medical Care Personnel Hand Health Monitoring Result

OBJECTIVE Through to the clinical medical care personnel hand health monitoring result analysis, understood that the medical care personnel hand hygiene condition, and proposes the corrective measure. METHODS Governs 20 Medical establishment's medical care personnel hand disinfection effect from 1999—2008 year 10 year to Baoji to carry on the sampling examination continuously. RESULTS during 10 years altogether monitor medical hand guard 207, qualified 159, qualified rate 76.8% . And the factories and mines hospital qualified rate is 83.0%, is higher than the city to govern the second-level above hospital. CONCLUSION The discussion through a series of effective action’s implementation, is for the purpose of raising the master sanitary quality, controls the nosocomial infection the occurrence.
MULTIPLE IMPUTATION FOR MISSINGNESS DUE TO NONLINKAGE AND PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY LINKED TO MEDICARE CLAIMS

Record linkage is a valuable and efficient tool for connecting information from different data sources. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) has linked its population-based health surveys with administrative data, including Medicare enrollment and claims records. However, the linked NCHS-Medicare files are subject to missing data; first, not all survey participants agree to record linkage, and second, Medicare claims data are only consistently available for beneficiaries enrolled in the Fee-for-Service (FFS) program, not in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans. In this research, we examine the usefulness of multiple imputation for handling missing data in linked National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)-Medicare files. The motivating example is a study of mammography status from 1999 to 2004 among women aged 65 years and older enrolled in the FFS program. In our example, mammography screening status and FFS/MA plan type are missing for NHIS survey participants who were not linkage eligible. Mammography status is also missing for linked participants in an MA plan. We explore three imputation approaches: (i) imputing screening status first, (ii) imputing FFS/MA plan type first, (iii) and imputing the two longitudinal processes simultaneously. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate these methods and compare them using the linked NHIS-Medicare files. The imputation procedures described in our paper would also be applicable to other public health-related research using linked data files with missing data issues arising from program characteristics (e.g., intermittent enrollment or data collection) reflected in administrative data and linkage eligibility by survey participants.
Bond-based peridynamic modeling of composite laminates with arbitrary fiber orientation and stacking sequence

Abstract This study presents a new bond-based peridynamic modeling of composite laminates without any limitation to specific fiber orientation and material properties in order to consider arbitrary laminate layups. Unlike the previous models, it also enables the evaluation of stress and strain fields in each ply of the laminate. Therefore, it permits the use of existing stress- or strain-based failure criteria for damage prediction. The orthotropic material behavior is achieved through the use of in-plane normal, in-plane shear, transverse normal and transverse shear peridynamic bonds. These bonds enable the interaction of material points within each ply as well as their interaction with other material points in the adjacent plies. The micromoduli for each bond type are determined for a square domain of interaction. Also, the inhomogeneous nature of composite materials is included by assigning randomized strength parameters based on Gaussian distribution. The PD equilibrium equation is linearized and solved by employing implicit techniques until immediately before failure occurs. The solution continues by using standard explicit time integration techniques until final failure. The capability of this approach is verified against the benchmark solutions, and validated by comparison with the available experimental results for three laminate layups with an open hole under tension and compression.
Management of vascular access after TAVR: Let's keep it simple

Bleeding and vascular complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality after transfemoral TAVR. Compared with standard approaches to hemostasis, the catheter balloon occlusion technique CBOT) resulted in significant reduction in major bleeding and vascular complications (18.6% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.042). Femoral crossover could not be achieved in 3.6%, and CBOT led to vessel dissection in 7.2%, major or life-threatening bleeding in 5.5%, need for transfusion > 2 units in 10.9%, and minor bleeding or hematoma in 21.8% of patients.
Exploring Health Systems Within the Context of Social Determinants of Health: A Global Health Case Study.

Abstract Introduction Global health case studies can highlight, often in dramatic fashion, topics such as health disparities, health systems, and the social determinants of health. This resource pr...
Learning, Memory, Amnesia, Dementia, Instinctive Behavior and the Effects of early Experience

(1) Learning: a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from practice or experience. Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge about the world (Kupperman, 1991). This definition implies plasticity in central nervous system function and it also implies plasticity in the formation of stimulus response connections. The definition excludes changes in behavior result-ing from maturation, sensory adaptation and fatigue.
Diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in children

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are lifelong conditions that often begin in childhood. The implications of IBD are of particular importance in children because of the potential negative effects on growth, development, psychosocial function, and overall wellbeing. The key management strategy is to achieve sustained control of intestinal inflammation and monitor for potential complications of the disease and side effects of therapies. Overall, the evidence on the management of IBD in children is less extensive than in adults, but good quality multicenter studies and various guidelines and society consensus statements are available. This review summarizes the evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and approaches to management of children and adolescents with IBD.
Restoration of cutaneous pigmentation by transplantation to mice of isogeneic human melanocytes in dermal–epidermal engineered skin substitutes

Autologous engineered skin substitutes (ESS) containing melanocytes (hM) may restore pigmentation and photoprotection after grafting to full-thickness skin wounds. In this study, normal hM were isolated from discard skin, propagated with or without tyrosinase inhibitors, cryopreserved, recovered into culture, and added to ESS (ESS-P) before transplantation. ESS-P were incubated in either UCMC160/161 or UCDM1 medium, scored for hM densities, and grafted to mice. The results showed that sufficient hM can be propagated to expand donor tissue by 100-fold; incubation of hM in tyrosinase inhibitors reduced pigment levels but did not change hM recovery after cryopreservation; hM densities in ESS-P were greater after incubation in UCDM1 than UCMC160 medium; hM were localized to the dermal-epidermal junction of ESS-P; and UCDM1 medium promoted earlier pigment distribution and density. These results indicate that hM can be incorporated into ESS-P efficiently to restore cutaneous pigmentation and UV photoprotection after full-thickness skin loss conditions.
Mechanism of geometric nonlinearity in a nonprismatic and heterogeneous microbeam resonator

Implementation of geometric nonlinearity in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators offers a flexible and efficient design to overcome the limitations of linear MEMS by utilizing beneficial nonlinear characteristics not attainable in a linear setting. Integration of nonlinear coupling elements into an otherwise purely linear microcantilever is one promising way to intentionally realize geometric nonlinearity. Here, we demonstrate that a nonlinear, heterogeneous microresonator system, consisting of a silicon microcantilever with a polymer attachment exhibits strong nonlinear hardening behavior not only in the first flexural mode but also in the higher modes (i.e., second and third flexural modes). In this design, we deliberately implement a drastic and reversed change in the axial vs bending stiffness between the Si and polymer components by varying the geometric and material properties. By doing so, the resonant oscillations induce the large axial stretching within the polymer component, which effectively introduces the geometric stiffness and damping nonlinearity. The efficacy of the design and the mechanism of geometric nonlinearity are corroborated through a comprehensive experimental, analytical, and numerical (finite element) analysis on the nonlinear dynamics of the proposed system.
Selection of Abrasive Materials for Manufacturing Grinding Wheels

Abstract A grinding wheel is defined by the type of abrasive material, bonding material, grain size, structure of the wheel, and grade of the wheel used for the machining of a component. These factors decide the grinding efficiency of the wheel and surface finish quality of the machined component. A wide range of abrasives are being used in modern era to overcome necessities in machining of various make of components. Abrasives ranging from the economic verses of aluminium oxide to the likes of super-abrasives such as cubic boron nitride and the expensive diamond grains are used for machining as well as surfacing purposes. Over the years, research has depicted that no distinct abrasive material can meet all the requirements of grinding applications. The mechanical and physical properties of a particular abrasive material make it suitable for a certain application. This paper focuses on the selection of a suitable abrasive for grinding application which is of utmost importance in order to obtain enhanced surface finish and grinding performance.
Anesthetic Concerns in the Pregnant Trauma Patient

This review focuses on the physiologic changes of pregnancy, complications of maternal and fetal trauma, and anesthetic considerations in caring for the pregnant trauma patient. Trauma remains the leading cause of non-obstetric maternal mortality in the USA and care for these patients requires a team-based approach. The trauma evaluation should focus on maternal stability and then proceed to fetal evaluation. Anesthetic considerations for the pregnant trauma patient include anticipation of a difficult airway and maintaining adequate uterine perfusion. This review highlights the physiologic changes of pregnancy and their impact on care of the pregnant trauma patient. Additionally, the review covers the causes of obstetric trauma and both maternal and fetal complications as well as the basic anesthetic complications that can arise with a pregnant trauma patient.
Testing Emergent Gravity with mass densities of galaxy clusters

We use a sample of 23 galaxy clusters to test the predictions of emergent gravity (EG) [E. P. Verlinde, SciPost Phys. 2, 016 (2017).] as alternative to dark matter. Our sample has both weak-lensing inferred total mass profiles as well as x-ray inferred baryonic gas mass profiles. Using nominal assumptions about the weak-lensing and x-ray mass profiles, we find that the EG predictions (based on no dark matter) are acceptable fits only near the virial radius. In the cores and in the outskirts, the mass profile shape differences allow us to confirm previous results that the EG model can be ruled out at $g5\ensuremath{\sigma}$. However, when we account for systematic uncertainties in the observed weak-lensing and x-ray profiles, we find good agreement for the EG predictions. For instance, if the weak-lensing total mass profiles are shallow in the core and the x-ray gas density profiles are steep in the outskirts, EG can predict the observed dark matter profile in $0.3\ensuremath{\le}r\ensuremath{\le}1{\mathrm{R}}_{200}$, where ${\mathrm{R}}_{200}$ is the radius which encloses $200\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ the critical density of the Universe. The required x-ray and lensing shapes are within the current observational systematics-limited errors on cluster profiles. We also show that EG itself allows flexibility in its predictions, which can allow for good agreement between the observations and the predictions. We conclude that we cannot formally rule our EG as an alternative to dark matter on the cluster scale and that we require better constraints on the weak-lensing and gas mass profile shapes in the region $0.3\ensuremath{\le}r\ensuremath{\le}1{\mathrm{R}}_{200}$.